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LIBRARY 


MASSACHUSETTS 

AGRICULTURAL 

COLLEGE 

NO.___1115 DATE._SLnlSaa._ 

souRCE_.Ljoll£.^e...A.a"nX]£.. 

^■1 


DecemWi-  31,  183r0 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 


^    WitM\3    ]^Uustrrittti    Sountal 


Horticulture  and  Allied  Subjects. 


{ESTABLISHED    m   1841.) 


VOL    ll.-THIRD    SERIES. 
JULY    TO    DECEMBEE,    1887. 


LONDON : 
41,    WELLINGTON    STEEET,    COVENT    GAEDEN,    W.C. 

1887. 


LONDON : 
BKADBURY,    AGNE-ff,    &    CO.,   PRINTKRS.    WHITEFRIAES. 


Tlie  Gnrdoners"  Chroniole,] 


[December  31,  l?i 


INDEX     OF     CONTENTS. 

JULY    TO    DECEMBER,    1887. 


Abies  (Picea,  Don)  brachyphylla,  246  ; 
A.  nobilis,  276 

Acer  Worlyi,  13 

Acineta  Barker!,  33-i 

Aconitum  Napellus,  661 

Adiantum  Fergusoni,  470,  503 ;  A.  F. 
Moorei,  690;  A.  fragrantissimum, 
198 ;  proliferous,  a,  170 

Acineta  Humboldtii,  627 

Aerides  crispum  Warneri,  472;  A. 
vireus  Ellisii,  628 

^Ethionema  cordifolium,  684 

African  grasses  for  vases,  666 

Agapanthns  umbellatus,  344 

Agave  dealbata,  307  ;  A.  glaucescens, 
219 ;  A.  Henriquesii,  306 ;  A.  lo- 
phantha,  307  ;  A.  striata  ensiformis, 
307  ;  A.  utahensis,  685 

Agaves,  307 

Aglaioneraa  nebulosum,  382 

Agriculture  and  trees,  029;  and  gar- 
dening, preventible  loss  in,  338 ; 
college,  Iowa,  562 ;  produce,  225 

Ailantus,  flowering  of,  259 ;  A.  glan- 
dulosa,  313,  364 

Aldenliam  House,  Elstree,  subtropical 
border  at,  594 

Allotment  Act,  the  new.  498 

Almanac,  our,  657 ;  and  the  postal 
authorities,  723 

Amaryllis,  the,  338,  501,  751,  818 

American  Blackberries,  259  ;  Exhibi- 
tion, 100  ;  Floral  and  Horticultural 
Co.,  728  ;  blight,  780 

Ammonium  dimethylamidoazobenzene 
sulphonate,  658 

Ampelopsis  Veitchii,  409,  444 

Anastatica,  51 

Androsace  foliosa,  376 

Anemone  sulphurea  v.  A.  alpina,  504 ; 
A.  japonica  alba,  779 

Anguloa  uniflora,  244 

Annals  of  Botant/,  311,  755 

Anomatheca  grandiflora,  619 

Anthuriums,  seedling,  109;  A. Veitchii, 
754 

Ant  traps,  567 

Apiary,  14,  80,  130,  197,  248,  308,  374, 
526,  590,  652,  761,  810 

Apple  crop  in  Canada,  167  ;  of  Nova 
Scotia,  283, 407,  589 

Apple,  Manchester  Beauty,  555 

Apple  and  Pear  Congress  at  Edin- 
burgh, 404;  atHarpenden,626;  show, 
Manchester,  438 ;  trade,  the,  589 

Apple  tree  diseases,  431,  504,  780 

Apples  and  Pears,  310;  keeping,  793 

Apples,  imported,  807 

Apples,  unsorted  English,  594 

Aphelandra  Margarita,  585 

Apospory  in  Ferns,  337 

Apricots,  Central  Asian,  781 

Albino  leaves,  373 

Arabis  alpina  in  Skye,  196 

Araucaria  imbricata,  471 ;  and  other 
exotic  Conifers,  200 

"  Arcadia,"  194 

Ardisia  maraillata,  810 

Argemone  mexicaua,  524 

Aristolochia  tricaudata,  366 

Arizona  Cactuses  in,  17 

Amebia  cornuta,  306 

Aroid,  giant,  a,  Conophallus  Titanum, 
215 

Ashridge,  notes  from,  817 

Asia  Minor,  plants  of,  815 
Asparagus  Chicory,  530  ;  A.  plumosus 
nanus,  662  ;  A.  p.  var.  tenuissimus, 
199 


Asters,  pyramidal.  Bouquet  Rose,  252  ; 
A.  Triumph,  628  ;  at  Chiswick,  155 

Athrotaxis,  species  of,  724 ;  fossil  sp. 
in  Britain,  749 

Auricula,  the,  338,  756 

Autumn  Croci,  432,  652  ;  drought,  568  ; 
foliage,  employment  of,  662 ;  baskets 
of,  691  ;  in  bouquets,  500 

Avenue  trees,  686,  815,  817 

Azaleas,  hardy,  18 

Azalea  indica  Comte  de  Paris,  27 ;  A. 
i.  Ebornia,  27  ;  flowers,  extraordi- 
nary, from  Hampton,  50O;  novelties, 
27;  A.  i.  Scarlet  Rose,  27;  A.  i. 
violacea  superbissima,  27 

Azalea,  yellow,  Nancy  Waterer,  26 


B 


Backhouse's  Nursery,  York,  Orchids 
at,  465 

Bananas,  species  of,  786 

Barberries,  ornamental,  303 

Barkeria  Lindleyana,  650 

Barleria  repens,  341 

Bear's-foot,  Helleborus  fa'tidus,  779 

Bedding-out,  747;  plants,  280 

Beech,  Weeping,  a,  13 

Bees  and  bee-keeping  (see  Apiary), 
470  ;  old-fashioned,  629 

Bees,  first  swarm  iu  the  winter,  504 

Beetle  poison,  Christy's,  15 

Begonias,  246 ;  at  Slessrs.  Laing  & 
Co.'s  nursery,  346 ;  Froebel's  hybrid, 
311  ;  hybrid,  560 ;  time  of  intro- 
duction, 505  ;  tuberous,  555,  567  ; 
an  enormous  bloom  of,  224 ;  hardi- 
ness of  a  greenhouse,  54 ;  tuberous, 
the,  752 

Belgium,  Chambre  Syndicale  of,  498 ; 
how  they  manage  in,  658 

Belon,  Pierre,  statue  of,  194,  406 

Bennett,  Mr.  Henry,  341 

Berberis  aquifolia,  303  ;  B.  concinna, 
303  ;  B.  ilicifolia,  303 ;  B.  vulgaris, 
303 

Berberids,  ornamental,  99,  128 

Berlin  Botanic  Garden,  657 

Beet,  the  Cheltenham  green-leaved, 
595 

Big  bouquet,  the,  19 

Birmingliam  Chrysanthemum  Society, 
785;  Gardeners' Association,  406 

Bisulphside  of  carbon,  51 

Black  Bryony,  793 

Blackheath,  vineyard  on,  779 

Black  Hamburgh  Grapes  for  late  use, 
652 

Black  rot,  290  ;  on  Grape,  discovered 
in  Europe,  529;  spot  iu  Tomatos, 
408 

Blue  Sweet  Pea,  252 

Boenninghausenia  (Ruta)  albiflora,  55S 

Boissier,  Edmond,  bust  of,  224 

Bonn,  Botanical  Garden  at,  252 

Book  on  Fern  growing,  446 

Books,  Christmas,  785 

Books: — All  About  India-rubber  and 
Gutta-percha  (A.  M.  and  J.  Fergu- 
son), 167  ;  Annals  of  Botany  (Pro- 
fessor Balfour,  Dr.  Vines,  and  Pro- 
fessor Farlow),  311 ;  Annals  of  the 
Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Calcutta 
(Geo.  King,  M.B.,  &c.),  302  ;  Aus- 
tralian Federal  Directory,  814;  Bees 
and  Bee-keeping  (Frank  R.  Che- 
shire), 282;  Botanical  Magazine, 
108 ;  British  Desmids,  a  Supplement 


to  British  Fresh-water  Algai  (M.  C, 
Cooke,  M.A.),  303;  British  Moss 
Flora  (Braithwaite),  108;  Com- 
parative Morphology  and  Biology 
of  the  Fungi  (A.  De  Barv,  trans- 
lated by  II.  E.  F.  Garnsey),  788  ; 
Die  Naturlichen  Pflanzenfamilien 
(Engler  and  PrantI).  786  ;  The  De- 
sert Flora  (Dr.  George  Volkens), 
283;  The  Elements  of  Botany  for 
Beginners  and  for  Schools  (Asa 
Gray),  660  ;  Erziehung  der  Pflanzen 
aus  Samen,  440 ;  First  Year  of  Scien- 
tiflc  Knowledge  (P.aul  Bert),  109 ; 
Flora  of  Carditt'  (John  Storrie),  342  ; 
The  Flora  of  the  Pacific  Islands 
(M.  Drake  del  Castillo),  254 ;  Flora 
of  West  Yorkshire  (F.  A.  Lees), 
136 ;  The  Fungus  Hunters'  Guide 
W.  Dclisle  Hay),  19  ;  The  German 
Flora  (Dr.  Thom^),  282  ;  Handbook 
of  Fern  Allies  (J.  G.  Baker), 
167 ;  Handbook  of  House  Pro- 
perty (Ed.  L.  Tarbuck),  197 ; 
Haselnuss  (F.  Goeschke),756  ;  Herb 
of  the  Field  (Charlotte  M.  Yonge), 
109;  Hortus  Belgicus  (Professor 
Morren),  1.36;  Icones  Plantarum 
(Sir  J.  Hooker).  166  ;  Iconography 
of  Australian  species  of  Acacia 
(Mueller),  814  ;  Illustrations  of 
British    Fungi   (Dr.  C.  M.  Cooke), 

166  ;  L'Art  des  Jardins  :  Pares,  Jar- 
dins,  Promenades,  &c.  (Baron  Er- 
nouf),  648  ;  Lectures  on  the  Physi- 
ology of  Plants  (Julius  von  Sachs, 
translated  by  H.  Marshall  Ward), 
688 ;  Life  and  Letters  of  Charles 
Darwin  (Francis  Darwin),  679;  Life 
of  Charles  Darwin  (G.  T.  Bettany), 

167  ;  Lindenia,  108  ;  Malesia,  373  ; 
Manuel  de  I'Acclimatation  (Chas. 
Naudin  and  Baron  Ferd.  von  Muel- 
ler), 790  ;  A  Manual  of  Orchidaceous 
Plants  (J.  Veitch  &  Sons),  660; 
Monograph  of  Amaryllidaceo;  (J. 
G.  Baker),  195;  Monograph  of  the 
Ampeliden;  (Planchon),  628;  Die 
Natiirlichen  Pflanzen  Familien  (Dr. 
Engler) ,  195, 31 1 ,  438  ;  The  Natural- 
ists' Monthly  (Dr.  J.  W.  Williams), 
282;  Nouv'elle  Flore  des  Envi- 
rons de  Paris  (Gaston  Bonnier  et 
George  de  Lavens),  197  ;  Oranges  of 
India  (Dr.  Bonavia),  438  ;  Orchid 
Album,  109 ;  Die  Palmen  und  ihren 
Gattungen,  (561  ;  Plants  that  furnish 
Forage  at  the  Cape  (Professor 
Macowan),  195;  Roses  for  Ama- 
teurs (Rev.  H.  Honeywood  D'Ora- 
brain),  724;  School  Flora  (W.  Mar- 
shall Watts),  167  ;  Select  Extra-tro- 
pical Plants  (Mueller) ,  814 ;  Sketches 
of  the  Forestry  of  West  Africa 
( Alfred  Moloney!  C.M.G.)  ,756 ;  Table 
Decorations  (William  Low),  440; 
Vines  and  Vine  Culture  (Barron), 
528;  Water  for  Nothing  (Shirley 
Hibberd),  224 

Borders,  making  Vine,  473 

Botanical  Garden,  Berlin,  657  ;  Edin- 
burgh,112;  Oxford, 721;  St.Peters- 
burg,  227 ;  iu  the  West  Indies, 
379 

Botmiical  Magazine,  the,  11,  127,  195, 
246, 341,  433, 470,471,  620,  658, 754, 
755 ;  centenary  volume,  755  ;  his- 
tory of,  45,  368 

Botanical  Society,  Roval  Belgian,  the, 
252 


Botanical  stations  in  the  West  Indies, 

18,  170 
Botanical    specimens,   51 ;    rarity,   a, 

308, 
Bo-tree  of  Ceylon,  accident  to,  627 
Boulogne,  flower  show  at,  530 
Bouquet,    Royal    Jubilee,    79 ;    Boyal 

Saxon,  341 
Bournemouth,  vegetation  at,  626 
Bousaingaultias,  762 
Bouvardias,  750 
Braun,    Mr.   John   (the    Cameroons), 

341 
Brazil-nuts,  germination  of,  50 
Brazil,  the  Emperor  of,  659 
"  Briers,"  Chislehurst,  747 
British  Association,  282,  402 
British    Columbia,    fruit-growing  in, 

722 
Broccoli,  Veitch's  Autumn  Protecting, 

782 
Broom  House,  Fulham,  305 
Broom  root,  or  Mexican  whisk,  104 
Brunsvigia  v.  Crinum,  197 
Bryn-y-Newadd,  130 
Bulb  life,    ups    and    downs  of,  595 ; 

mite,  its  cause  and  cure,  255,  568, 

692  (see  Eucharis-mite) 
Bulb-garden,  the,  432,  588,  626,  652, 

686,  780,  818 
Bulb  trade,  the,  438  ;   unfair  trading 

in,  693 
Bute,  vineyard  of  the  Marquis  of,  628 
Buxus  Balearica,  818 


Cactds  and  decorative  Dahlias,  473 ;  at 

Swanley,  20 
Cacti  in  Arizona,  17 ;  night  flowering, 

130 
Calanthe  natalensis,  368 
Calceolarias,  herbaceous,  110 
Calliandra  tergemina,  360 
Campanula  isophylla  var.  alba,  307 
Campanula  turbinata,  495  ;  C.  Vidalli, 

284 
Camphor  in  Taiwan,  166 
Canada,  Apple  crop  in,  167 
Canada,  Christmas  in,  786 
Canadian  fruit,  438 
Canker  in  Apples,  431,  504.  726 
Cape,  a  month  at  the,  271,  420,  519 
Caraipa  sp.  (O  Tomakoare),  658 
Carnation,    earliest     scarlet      bizarre, 

the,  138  ;  modern  form  of  the,  100  ; 

(Clove)  Paul  Engleheart,  409 
Carnations,    568 ;    and     Picotees,     at 

Dickson's.   378;    at   Matlock,   284; 

fringed,  378 ;    new  fancy,  306 ;  split  ' 

pod,  344 
Carpeting  large-growing    shrubs    and 

trees,  253 
Carters'  Chrysanthemums,  596 
Carter's  Provident  Sick  Fund,  626 
Cascade  du  Lac  des  Minimes  in  the 

Bois  de  Vinceunes,  556 
Caspary,  the  late  Dr.  R.,  500,  628 
Cassia  corymbosa,  396 
Catasetum   Bungerothi,   431,  504;  C. 

longifolium,  491 
Cattleva,  a  prolified,  12  ;  C.  calummata 

X ,  335  ;  C.  crispa,  305 ;  with  many 

flowers,    344;    C.   Loddigesii,   472; 

C.  Mendelii,  Handley's  var.,  14;  C. 

Mossiffi   aurea   grandiflora,  219 ;   C. 

porphyrophlebia  X,   335;     C.  soro- 

ria,  788 ;  C.  Wagneri,  472 
Cattleyas     and     Odontoglossums     at 

Tring  Park,  14 


IV       The  Garden 


INDEX. 


tUocemberSl.lSs;- 


Cauliflowers  on  undrained  land,  22 

Celeriac,  782 

Ceratotheca  tiiloba,  402 

Centranthus  ruber,  21 

Cereits  graudiflorus  at  Floore  House, 

139 
Ceylon,  accident  to  the  sacred  Bo-tree 

of,  627 
Chama;rops   Fortunei,   81,    11],   314  ; 

flowering,  54 
Champions  (Grape  exhibitors),  793 
Charlesworth's,  Mr.,  Orchids  at,  430 
Chatsworth,  Disa  gi^andiflora  superba 

at,  155 
Cheiranthus  Marshalli,  18,  81 
Chemistry  of  vegetable  life,  the,  3(11 
Chenopodium  atriplicis,  400 
China  Asters,  300 
China,  opium  in,  500 
1  'hinese  Koses,  788 

Chiswick,  Asters  at,  1,55 ;  Committees' 
awards   at,   70  ;  dwarf  Tropttolunis 
at,  155 ;  Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums  at, 
155  ;   meeting   of  the  Floral   Com- 
mittee at,  312;  notes,  12;  Potato  and 
Tomato   trials    at,    411;    vegetable 
trials  at,  252.    (See  also  under  Royal 
Horticultural  Society.) 
Christmas  in  Canada,  786 
Christmas  Pears,  781 
Christmas,  new  Potatos  at,  228 
Christmas   Kose,   the,  463,  586,  051 ; 

Eiverston  hybrid,  439 
Chrysalids  and  their  colour.  658 
Chrysanthemums,  new,  worth  growing, 

780 
Chrysanthemum  arcticum,  524  ;  shows, 

list  of,  498;  judges  at,  817 
Chrysanthemums,  441,  630;  as  decora- 
tive plants,  396 ;  new  and  old,  666, 
780;  new  white,  811;  vases 
of,  at  exhibition,  726 ;  at  Abbey 
Park,  Leicester,  593;  at  Carter's, 
596  ;  at  Devizes  show.  Gold  Cup  for, 
657 ;  at  Finsbury  Park,  594 ;  at 
Laing's,  596 ;  at  Stevens',  631 ;  at 
Veitch's,  5(13 
Cinchona  in  Java,  167  ;   in  Victoria, 

196 
Cineraria,  557 

Cirrhopetalum  ornatissimum,  595 
Citrons  in  Corsica,  370 
Cladosporium     lycupersici     408 ;      C. 

fulvum,  632 
Clematis  grafting,  762  ;  C.  viorna  coc- 

cinea,  444  ;  C.  vital  ha,  817 
Clerodendron  Thomsona;  var,  Balfour- 

iana,  127 
Clove  Carnation,  Mrs.  Reynolds  Hole, 

224 
Clover,  Californian  and  Japanese,  80 
Codonopsis  ovata,  63,  81 
Cielogvne  corymbosa,  73,  341 
Colchicum  sp.,  686 
Colonial  Notes,  131,  308,  375,407,590, 

629,  716 
Coloured  leaves,  colours  of,  626 
Colour  of  chrysalids,  658 
Colour  of  flowers,  method  of  preserv- 
ing when  dried,  701 
Comparettia  macropleetron,  335 
Conifers,  nomenclature  of,  195,  785 
Conifers  at  Dropmore,  246;  at  Hafo- 
dunos,  749 :  planting  and  I'enovating, 
628 
Conophallns  Titanum,  a  giant  Aroid, 

215 
Conservatory   at  llendre,   Jlonmouth, 

1.30 
Conservatory,  is  it  a  building?  ,343 
Constantinoi)le,    ini])ortation    of    for- 
eign products  into,  432 
Co-operation   and  allotment  gardens, 

250 
Coplev  Medal,  690,  723 
Copt  Hall,  73 

Crab  as  a  law  n  tn-e.  the,  740 
Cranibe  cordifolja,  12 
Crane  fly.  tlie,  409 

Crinum  augustum.  780;    C.  Comme- 
lyni,  783;  C.  Hildebrandtii,  780  ;  C. 
Moorei.  252,  600,  794 
Croci,  autumn,  588  ;  and  winter,  652 
Crotons.  532 

Cryptophoranthus,  or  window-bearing 
Orchids,  genus  of,  092 


Cucumber,  a  new  yellow,  502  ;  a  bunch 
of.  21  ;  Jewel,  502 ;  peculiarities, 
.')U4  ;  seed  germination  of,  466 

Cultural  memoranda,  20,  110,  132, 
•'iOO,  532,  557 

Cyclamens,  germination  of,  596,  061 

Cynoches  chlorochilum,  431 

Cymbidium  elegans,  587 

Cypripedium  Marshallianum,  788;  C. 
concolor,  650 ;  C.  euryandrum  X , 
0.50;  C.  lipless,  244;  C.  macrop- 
tcrum  X  ,  335  ;  C.  Measuresianum  X , 
050  ;  C.  platytienium  and  C.  Stonei 
in  one  flower,  156  ;  C.  priestans.  243, 
814  ;  C.  Sedeni  X ,  657  ;  C.  Spiceri- 
anum,  685  ;  C.  superbiens,  157  ;  C. 
Tautzianum,  587 ;  C.  orphanorum, 
284 

Cypripediums  at  Oakwortli  House,  788 


DAULii  Show,  Grand  National,  7."i4 

Dahlia,  single.  Paragon,  379 

Dahlias,  Cactus,  374  ;  Cactus  and  dec- 
orative, 504 ;  single,  344 

Daisies,  double  ox  eye,  82 

Dalton  and  Joule,  312 

Dammara  robusta.  000 

Darwin,  Life.  &c.,  670;  medal,  the,  51 

Dean  Hole.  754 

Delphinium,  a  new  lellow,  558 

Delphiniums  and  Pa;onies,  71 ;  habits 
of,  168 

Dendrobium  aureum,  787  ;  D.  bigib- 
bum,  397 ;  D.  ccelogyne,  587, 661 ;  D. 
densiflorum,  650  ;  D.  Farmeri,  333  ; 
D.  formosum  giganteum,  788 ;  D. 
Loddigesii,  786;  1).  Phalffinopsis, 
717  ;  D.  polyphlebium,  6-27  ;  D.  pul- 
chellum,  155  ;  D.  purpureum,  28:j ; 
D.  purpureum  var  candidulum,  244 ; 
D.  Wardianum,  a  winter  bloomer, 
747 

Deodar,  a  cone-producing,  248 

Devizes  Castle,  196 

Diacrium  bicornutum,  44 

Dilophospora  graminis,  589 

Dimorphotheca  fruticosa,  398 

Dinner-table  decorations,  503 

Disa  grandiflora,  199,  284,  313.  344  ; 
and  its  varieties,  220 ;  superba.  at 
Chatsworth,  138,  155  ;  at  Straffan, 
199 

Dishonest  exhibiting,  252 

Disease  of  Apple  tree,  780  ;  of  Iiis  re- 
ticulata, 313;  of  Onion,  468;  of 
Tomatos,  167,  408  410.  532 

Doctoi-s.  botany  for.  657 

Double-fioweied  species  of  Oxalis,  726 

Double  grafting,  750 

Douglas  Fir,  the,  427 

Douglasia  laivigata.  (J84 

Drainage,  rain  and  well  waters,  con- 
stituents of,  102.  367 

Drawings  of  Narcissi,  692 

"  Droppers,"  475 

Drought,  a  retrospect,  185 ;  experi- 
ences, 198.  227  ;  in  the  garden,  222; 
Isle  of  Wight,  285 ;  South  of  Ire- 
laud,  284 ;  twelve  weeks  of,  283 


Earwigs,  318 

Economic  forestry,  .342 

Edinburgh  A])ple  and  Pear  Congress, 

404;  Botanic  Gardens,  112 
Education,    technical  and   other,   80, 

169 
Eichornea  azurea,  590,  816 
Ela;ocarpus  cyaneus,  169 
Electric  liglit  and  plants,  500 
Emigration.  109 
Emperor  of  Brazil,  the,  659 
Enceplialartos  Altensteiuii,  280 
England,  Tobacco  culture  in,  714 
Engler's  Hatiirlwhen  Pjlan-en Familun, 
438 


English  show  seen  through  foreign 
spectacles.  494 

Enville  Hall,  551 

Epidendrum  Mattliewsii,  431  ;  E.  ne- 
morale,  155 

Eryngium  maritimum,  557 

Eryngiuma,  306 

Eria  muscicola,  522 

Esp.^rto,  Hemp,  and  Tobacco  in  Mo- 
rocco, 432 

Eucharis Candida,  a  new  insect  infesting 
tlie  bulbs  of,  376  ;  E.  Mastersii,  70 

Eucharis  or  bulb-raite  (see  Bulb-mite), 
228 

Eucalypti,  784 

Euonymus  japonicus,  690 

Excursion  of  the  Scottish  Alpine  Bo- 
tanical Club  to  Norway,  274 

Exhibition  honours,  Messrs.  Sutton  & 
Sons,  722 

Exhibitor's  cards,  568,  6:10 

lOxperiments  in  growing  hardy  fjuit  in 
Scotland,  502 


Fasciated  Pine-app'.e,  283 

Fernando  Noronha,  563,  694 

Ferns  and  tlieir  cultivation,  398 ;  hy- 
bridisation, 336  ;  how  to  sow  the 
spore,  335 ;  our  native,  and  their 
varieties,  74,  128,  277.  335,  624,  566 

Fei'ns,  hardy,  at  Kew,  785 

Fertilising  moss,  726;  at  Gunnersbury 
Park.  757,  810 

Fir,  Douglas,  the  first  large  plantation 
of,  427 

Flagstaff  at  Kew,  the,  350 

Flora  eaotiea.  &c.,  567.  588,  629 

Flora,  New  Guinea,  500 

Floral  court  dresses,  562;  decorations, 
78 

Floricitltnral  Cabinet  and  Florists' 
Magazine,  343 

Florists'  flowers,  culture  of,  &c.,  44, 
100.  132.  306,  338,  407,  441,  501, 
590,  623.  756,  811 ;  at  Blantyre,  244 

Flower-farming  and  peifume-making 
in  the  South  of  France,  195,  434 

Flower  garden,  the,  management  of, 
&c.,  14.  76,  133,  193,  249,  309,  .S75, 
443,  490,  559,  623,  755,  687,  719, 
751 

Flower  gardening,  380 

Flower  holders,  "  the  Mikado,"  82 

Flowers,  forced  in  winter,  711  ;  in 
season,  1.8,  1.30 ;  dried,  method  of 
preserving  colour  in,  761 

Fly.  the  yellow  Water  Lily,  243 

Forbury  Gardens,  Reading,  282 

Forced  flowers  in  winter,  711 ;  Lilac. 
755 

Foreign  correspondence.  82.  103,  227, 
433,  .530,  564,  588,  633,  654,  715, 
748,  815 

Foreign  products,  369 

Forest  conservancy  in  Canada,  103 ; 
report  of  the  Select  Committee  on, 
222 

Forestry,  52,  73,  105,  221,  253,  309, 
3.39,  403,  435.  473,  634,  566,  622, 
654,  686,  726,  750,  818 ;  report  of  the 
Select  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons  on,  203  ;  school  of,  70 

Fossil  tree,  a  large,  630 

France,  holiday  in  Southern  and 
Central,  a,  58.3,  083,  714,  743,  775 

France,  south  of.  flower  farming  and 
perfume  making  in,  434 

Freesias,  143 

Frost  and  leaf  effects,  595 

Frosts,  early,  228.  444;  effects  of 
recent.  001  ;  on  August  15,  255 

Fruit  crdjis,  the.  64,  166;  remarks  on, 
158.  1.S6  ;  cultiv.ition  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, 432;  and  the  drought,  109;  in 
Bedale,  228  ;  at  Greenbourne,  442 

Fruit  glowing,  46 ;  experiments  in 
Scotland,  502 

Fruit  in  Wiirtemburg,  consumption  of, 

500 
Fruit  packing,  ICO 


Fruit  register,  11,  105,  220,  369,  555, 

652,  781 
Fruit  trade   of  Tonga  and   Fiji,   19  ; 

trees    in    pots,    630 ;    value    of    in 

London  markets,  439 
Fruits,  Canadian,  438 
Fruits  under  glass,  culture  of,  15,  51, 

77,    11.3,    137,   167,   108,   221,  279, 

343,  375,  403,  443,  474,   407,  527, 

.550,  501,  623.  655.  687,  751,783,811 
Fuchsia  triphylla,  307 
Fuchsias  at  Market  Lavington,  374 ; 

specimen,  614 
Fungus  in  Mushroom-house,  283 ;  on 

Wheat,  589  ;  show  at  Paris,  564 
Fungi,  nomenclature  of,  589 


Galeandra  DescagnoUeana,  306 

Garden  allotments  and  small  holding?, 
750  ;  atRothamsted,  460 

Garden  flowers,     drawings    of,    444  ; 

Garden  Palms,  156,  304  ;  Roses  of 
India,  430 

Garden,  French  town,  a,  254;  the 
Wilson,  at  Wislev,  225 

Gardens  of  Oxford,"l53,  213,  459 

Gardeners'  grievances,  474 

Gardeners'  Orphan  Fund.  19,  48,  69, 
81,  136,  194.  430.  502.  721 

Gardeners'  Roval  Benevolent  Institi.- 
tion,  18.  23,  312,  341 

Gardeners'  term,  (ii\5 

Gardening,  history  of,  560 

Gentiana  sceptrum,  248 

Germany,  Phylloxera  regulations  ir, 
194 

Germination  of  Brazil-nuts,  50 ;  of 
Cyclamen,  661 

Ghent,  Chambre  Syndicale.  498,  658, 
786;  Quinquennial.  106. 626  ;  Royal 
Agricultural  and  Botanical  Society 
of,  196 

Ginger  in  Siam,  370 

Gladiolus  aurantiacus.  273:  G.  draco- 
cephalus and  G.  Eckloni,  216 ;  species, 
new,  308 ;  studies  on  the,  019 

Glasgow  Botanical  Gardens,  241 ;  Ne- 
cropolis, 43 

Glasshouses  at  Great  Gearies,  226, 
252 

Gomphocarpus  species,  420 

Gordon  Nursery,  Twickenham,  779 

Goodrich  Court,  notes  at,  81 

(lOoseberrv,  Whinham's  Industry,  555 

Gooseberries,  220,  372,  400 

Gourds  at  Kew,  273 

Grafting,  effects  of,  on  the  Vine,  620 

Grand  National  Dahlia  show,  754 

Grange,  the,  210 

Grape  disease,  a  new,  620;  Gros  Col- 
mar  in  an  unheated  house,  410; 
judging  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  312, 
341 ;  Salamanca,  467,  686  ;  Vine,  a 
huge,  755 

Grapes,  4.33;  and  Peaches  in  houses 
against  west  walls,  444,  474 

Grapes  at  Clovenfords,  377  ;  at  Long- 
leat,  748 ;  badly  setting,  657  ;  Black 
Hamburgh,  for  late  use,  652,  793 ; 
heavy  crop  of  Black  Hamburgh,  691  ; 
keeping  when  cut,  691 ;  out-of-doors, 
4-14;  stands  for  exliibiting.  20 

Grass  and  Clover  crops,  282 

Grasses,  African,  for  vases,  666 

Gray,  Asa,  Dr.,  721 

Great  Gearies,  the  glasshouses  at,  226, 
252 

Green,  Mr.,  appointment  of,  as  Pro- 
fessor of  Botany  to  the  Pharmaceu- 
tical .*^ociety,  224 

Greenbourne,  hardy  fruit  growing  at, 

442 
Greenfly,  to  kill,  466 

Greenhouse,    Hibiscus,    varieties     of, 

273 
Greenhouses    and   the   Building  Act, 

310,  374 
Grenada  Botanic  Garden,  157 
(Jrouping     hardy     flowering     plants, 
521 


Tlvo  G.irJ.- or/ Chroiiic'o,] 


INDEX. 


[December  31,  1867. 


Gum  trees,  784 

Guuneisbury  Park,  gardening  at,  587 

Gustavia  ptevocarpa,  Gl'J 


HajIst,  Sir  Julian  von,  225 
Hackwood,  vefretables  at,  568 
HiBmanthus  coccineus,  .'W 
Hal'odunos,  Pinetum  at,  740 
Hailstones,  530 
Hakea  microoarpa,  13 
Hard  wood,  a,  438 
Hardy   flowering  and   foliage    plants, 

grouping  for  effect,  336,  402 ;  stray 

notes  on,  53,  74 
Hardy  fruit  garden,  management  of,  15, 

52,  133,    167,   198,    221,  249,  28;!, 

309,  342,  375,403,   4;35,  467,   497, 

531,  566,   591,   623,  655,  687,  719, 

751,783,811 
Hawaii,  715 
Harpenden,  Apple  and  Pear  Congress 

at,  626 
Harpham,  Mr.  167 
Hatfield,  79 

Hawke,  the  late  Lord,  754 
Hawortli,  Narcissus  of,  748,79.3 
Hay-fever,  18 
Heating  glashouses,  344 
Hedychium  longifolium.  594 
Helleborus   niger   var.   vernalis,  691  ; 

Riverston  hybrid,  504    (See  Christ- 
mas Roses.) 
Helianthus  rigidus,  366 
Helichrysum  rosmarinifolium,  13 
Helicophyllum  Alberti,  754 
Helicteres  isora,  366 
Hemlock  Spruce,  471 
Hen-and-Chicken  Pine-apple,  314 
Herbaceous     border,     19,     248,    3CG ; 

plants,  cultivation  of,  615,  682 
Hexesia  bidentata,  431 
Hibiscus  cisplatanus,  366 ;  H.  coccineus, 

366  ;  H.  rosa  sinenis,  530 
Hibiscuses,   greenhouse,  273 
Hildebrandia  sandwicensis,  341 
History  of  Gardoiing,  560 
Hepatica  and   Adonis   amurensis,  Ja- 
panese vars.  of,  491 
Hole,  Dean.  Rev.,  754 
Holidav  jottings  in  the  Isle  of  Man, 

462,491,  595 
Holiday    in    Central     and     Southern 

France,    a,    583,   683 ;      (Landes  to 

Bayonne),  714,  743.  775 
Holly  as  a  wind  screen.  661 
Hollyhock,  the,  196,  441 ;    propagation 

of,  318 
Home  nursery,  the,  339 
Honeydew,  661 
Honey    marketing.     308 ;    poisonous, 

626 
Honours  to  horticulturists,  Baltet  and 

Vilmorin,  433 
Hop-plant   louse,   333,   342;    problem 

solved  (Riley),  501 
Horticultural  Club.  136,  500,  755 
Hot-water  pipes,  478 
House's  exhibition  box,  40 
Hoya  imperialis,  54 
Hooker,  Sir  J.  D.,  723 
Humea  elegans,  366 
Hunnemannia  fumarifolia,  252 
Huntley,  Mr.  J.,  testimonial  to,  282 
Hyacinth,  the,  22 ;  trade,  404 
Hypericum  calycinum,  132 


Iberis  sempervirens,  double  white, 
81 

Ilfracombe  disaster,  .3.36 

Ilsington,  a  fire  at,  196 

Imperial  Institute,  48 ;  report  of  Or- 
ganising Committee,  722 

Imports,  our,  785 

India,  garden  Roses  of,  430 

Indian  Pinks,  22 

Insecticide,  an,  692,  781 


Insectivorous  plants  at  Royal  Cale- 
donian show,  346 

Insect  pests  ol  forestry,  105  ;  washes, 
58 

Insects  in  seeds,  how  to  get  rid  of, 
471 

Inventions,  40,  82 

Ipomcea  rubra-ca-rulea,  619 

Iris  Kingiana,  341 

Iris  reticulata,  disease  of,  313,  5.58 

Irises,  12 

Irish  garden,  an,  37,  489 

Isle  of  Man,  holiday  jottings  in  the, 
462,  491,  595 

Italy  and  the  Phylloxera  laws,  433 

Ivy  growing  on  and  under  trees,  54 

Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums  at  Chiswick, 
155 


Jamieson,  Mr.,  presentation  to,  690 
Japanese     Maples,    310 ;      silkworms, 

,500;    varieties     of    Hepatica    and 

Adonis,  491 
Jardin  des  Plantee,  282 
Jasminum  Sambac,  313,  344 
Java,  Cinchona  in,  167 
Johnston,  Mrs.,  'rt'^o 
Jubilee  tree,  planting  of,  at  Bridge  of 

Allan,  658 


K 


Kale,  Read's  new  Hearting,  782 

Keeping  Apples  and  Pears,  793 

Kellogg,  Dr.  A.,  224 

Kelway's  nursery  (Pa;onies  and  Del- 
phiniums), 71 

Kenmare  House.  97 

Kerosene  emulsions,  657 

Keteleeria  (Abies)  Fortunei,  440 

Km  Bulletin,  the,  166,  232,  438,  058, 
785 

Kew,  hardy  Ferns  at,  785 

Kew  Notes,  10,  130,  273 ;  the  flagstaff 
at,  350 

Keynes,  \yilliams  &  Co.,  Salisbury, 
notes  from,  465 

Killarney,  Lakes  of,  647 

Kilnside,  Paisley,  653 

Kitchen  Garden,  the,  management  of, 
15,  80,  137,  163,  193,  249,  309,  371, 
403,  435,  497,  559,  655,  687,  623, 
751,  783 

ICniphofia  Macowani,  308 ;  and  K, 
corallina,  .344 

Knowle  House,  224 

K(elreuteria  paniculata,  563 


Label  holder,  26 
La  Belgiquc  Horticole,  755 
Laburnum  flowering  out  of  season,  313 
Ladder,  Heathman's  extension.  476 
Lselia  autumnalis  atro-rubens,  685 ;  L. 
exoniensis,    parentage     of,   716 ;  L. 
monophylla,  334 ;  L.  anceps  grandi- 
flora,  788 
Lagerstromia  indica,  273 
Laing's  Chrysanthemums,  596 
Lakes  of  Killarney,  the,  617 
Landolphia  florida,  658 
Landscape  gardening,  109,  648 
Lapagerias  at  Nash  Court,  Faversham, 
333  ;  at  Veitch's,  5.38  ;  white  turn- 
ing to  a  red  one,  503 
Larch,  weeping,  the,  684 
Lathyrus   cccruleus  azureus,  757,  816; 

L.  magellanicus,  757 
Lauriston  Hall,  rockwork  at,  138 
Lavanderette,  441 

Law  Notes  ; — 
Andrews  i'.  Great  Eastern  Railway 

Company,  244,  412 
Claim  for  infertile  seeds,  505 


Gardener  v.  Mansbridge  (Mushroom 
gathering),  50 

The  Great  Eastern  Railway  Com- 
pany and  nursery  grounds  at  Strat- 
ford, 244,  412 

High-handed  conduct  of  Acton  Local 
Board  of  Surveyors,  476 

Pea  warranty  :   Yorkshire  case,  477 

Richardson  i<.  H.  Clarke  &  Co., 

Smith  &  Son  v.  Waite,  Nash  &  Co. 

(mixed  seed),  569 

Lawns  and  corrosive  sublimate,  757 ; 
destroying  worms  on,  726 

Leaves,  albino,  373 ;  colours  of  co- 
loured, 626  ;  use  of,  108 

Legume,  a  sticky  seeded,  432 

Leguminosa;,  source  of  their  nitrogen, 
312 

Lemon  tree  leaves  falling,  478 

Le  Notre,  748 

Lettuces,  306 ;  Wheeler's  Tom  Thumb, 
410 

Leyswood,  272 

Licuala  grandis,  816 

Lilac,  forced,  755 

Lilium  auratum,  410,  444  ;  large,  378 ; 
L.  Brownii,  108,  200 ;  L.  polyphyl- 
lum,  138,  284  ;  L.  speciosum  album 
verum,  474,  630;  speciosum,  varie- 
ties, 504,  G91 

Liliums,  311 

Lily,  a  new  Indian,  526,  726 ;  seeding 
of  the  common  white,  594 

Lilies,  potting,  504 

Lily  of  the  Valley,  558,  654 ;  in  sum- 
mer, 755  ;  fungus,  504 

Lime  applied  to  land,  285 

Lincolnshire,  seed  crops  in,  650 

Lindenia,  341,  658 

Linnean  Society,  6.58 

Lipless  Cypripedium,  244 

Lobelias,  herbaceous,  278;  L.  sub- 
nuda,  304 

London  Boulevard  Association,  108; 
markets,  value  of  fruit  in  the,  439  ; 
parks,  17 

Longleat,  Grapes  at,  748 

Loss  preventible  in  agriculture,  338 

Lupinus  albo-coccineus  nanus,  596 

Lycaste  plana  Measuresiana,  788 

Lychnis,  a  hybrid,  56,  79,  lOO 

Lycium  barbarum,  to  destroy  suckers 
of,  478 


M 

Macdoff  Horticultural  Association,  244 

Macon,  Vine  Congress  at,  785 

Manchester  Apple  and  Pear  Show,  438 

Manchester  Exhibition,  18 

Manchester  Horticultural  Improve- 
ment Society,  659 

Mandevilla  suaveolens,  661 ;  fruiting, 
626;  pods  of,  810 

Mangos,  grafting,  530 

Manitoba,  Strawberries  in,  196 

Maples,  Japanese,  310 

Market  fruit,  49 

Marketing  honey,  308 

Marvel  of  Peru,  474 

Jlasdevallia  hieroglyphica,  334;  M. 
muscosa,  522 ;  M.  platyglossa,  717, 
787 

Masdevallias  at  Kew,  10 

Classing  hardy  plants  for  effect,  336 

Mass  of  roots  (What  is  it  ?  "),  494 

Maxillaria  punctata,  787 

Mealy-bug  and  brown  scale,  to  kill,  729 

Measures,  Mr.,  Orchids,  14 

Melons,  111 

Metropolitan  parks,  area  of,  166 ;  Pub- 
lic Gardens  Association,  372 

Mexican  Whisk,  or  Broom-root,  104; 
products,  432 

Mice  and  Snowdrops,  666 

Mildew  and  sulphate  of  copper,  166 

Milk,  boil  it,  18 

Millettia  cafl'ra  (a  hard  wood),  433 

Millipedes,  314 

Milton  Vineries,  553 

Miltonia   spectabilis  var.  Morelliana, 


Mimulus,  hybrid,  138 

Mina  lobata  at  Kew,  243 

Mistleto  on  the  Peach,  249 

Monifieth  Nurseries,  441 

Monstrous  Mushrooms,  723 

Month  at  the  Cape,  a,  331 

Moore,  the  late  Mr.  T.,  49,  134 ;  me- 
morial to,  166 

Morello,  origin  of  word.  729 

Moriua  betonicoides,  GoS 

Jlorocco,  Tobacco,  Hemp,  and  Esparto 
in,  432 

Moss,  fertilising,  726,  757,  810 ;  litter, 
066 

Mucilage  cells  of  Blechnum  occidentale 
and  Osmunda  regalis,  282 

Mulberries,  792 

Musa  Ensete,  471 

Muscats,  Longleat,  793,  817 

Mushroom  growing,  failures  in,  691 ; 
in  a  railway  tunnel,  345 ;  house, 
fungus  in,  283  ;  monstrous,  723 ; 
spawn,  7-57 

Mystacidium  filicorne,  134,  686 


N 


Narcissi,  drawings  of,  692 

Narcissus,  715  ;  bulbs,  effects  of  Silt  on, 

378;  Madame deGraaf,  111;  ofHa- 

worth,  748 ;  viridiflorus,  686 
Natal,  629 

Native  Ferns,  our,  335 
National  Chrj-santhemum  Society.  311, 

7.54 ;    Rose   Society,  690 ;    Auricula 

Society,  564 
Nelumbium  luteum,  273 ;   the  white, 

406,445 
Nepenthes,  624  ;  at  Veitch's,  438 ;  cul- 
ture of  442 ;  N.  Curtisii,  N.  cylin- 

drica,  521 
Nephrosperma  Van  Hoiitteaua,  156 
New  plants  certificated,  747 
Newton's  patent  glazing,  136 
New  Guinea  Flora,  500 
New  Zealand,  notes  from,  308 
Nipa  fruticans,  1.57,  716 
Nomenclature  of  Conifers,  785 
Norfolk,  rainfall  in,  199 
Nova  Scotia,  Apple  industry  in,  407  ; 

the  Apple  crop  of,  283 
Novel  meeting,  a,  379 
North  of  Scotland  Apiarian   Societv, 

536 
Nunnezharia  Palm,  157 
Nurserymen  and  the  Poor-rate,  562 
Nursery  notes,  Mr.  Kinghorn's,  625; 

Mr.  Bull's,  683 
Nursery  stock,  removal  of,  318 
Nurseries,   Monifieth,  441 ;   rating  of, 

16 
Nymphffia  Kewensis  X,  866;    N.  tu- 

berosa  var.  flavescens,  S66 


Oak,  evergreen,  374 
Oak  forests  of  Tunis,  633  ;  Phylloxera 
of  the,  340 ;  stool  grown,  309 

Obitoart  : — Atlee,  Jane,  697  ;  Baird, 
Professor,  289;  Eyles,  Geo,  754; 
Ferguson,  William,  312 ;  Fernsee, 
Chevalier  Henri  Wawra  de,  109 ; 
Fowler,  Archibald,  219;  Gale, 
G.,  536 ;  Haast,  Sir  Julian,  225 ; 
Heale,  William,  477 ;  Hovey,  Charles, 
349 ;  Johnston,  George,  473  ;  Meyer, 
Karl,  196  ;  Moore,  Captain  .lohn  B., 
289  ;  Moore,  Elizabeth,  697  ;  Rogers, 
Wilfrid,  289;  Sherwin,  W.,  173; 
Spalding,  Samuel,  26 ;  Spary,  E.,  820 

Octomeria  supra-glauca,  716 

Odontoglossum  Andersonianum  splen- 
dens,  220  ;  0.  cuspidatum,  244  ;  0. 
Harryanum,  168,  335  ;  O.  luteo-pur- 
pureum  sceptrum,  472  ;  0.  Roezlii, 
747 ;  0.  Pescatorei  var.  Germinya- 
num,  788 

Odontoglossums  at  Howick  House,  725 


Vi       The  Qardeneri'  Chronicle,] 


INDEX. 


[December  31, 1887. 


CEnocarpus  Bacaba,  157  ;  0.  Batana, 
157 ;  0.  edulis,  157 

Oil  seed,  a  new,  19 

Oldenburghia  arbuscula,  429 

Olearia  Traversii,  186 ;  flowering,  52 

Olive  oil  and  its  adulteration,  815 

Oliver  Wendel  Holmes,  Dr.,  252 

Oncidium  dasytvle,  278 ;  0.  Jonesia- 
num,  union  of  flowers  of,  252  ;  0. 
Lanceauum,  .334  ;  0.  micropogon, 
278,  765  ;  O.  Papilio,  617 

Oncosperma  fasciculatum,  157 :  fila- 
mentosum,  157  ;  horridum,  157 

Onion  disease,  468 

Opium  in  China,  500 

Oranges,  715 

Oranges  of  India,  4.38 

Oranges  ripe,  gathered,  755 

Orania  macrocladus,  157  ;  O.  nivea, 
157  ;  0.  regalis,  157 

Orchard  houses,  783 

Orchis  pyramidalis,  14 

Orchid-houses,  management  of,  77, 
105,  163,  220,  279,  342,  408,  472, 
527,591,654,718,783,811 

Orchid  naming,  718,  757 

Orchid  nomenclature,  532,  629 

Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings,  14,  47, 
99,  129,  155,  219,  244,  378.  334,  368, 
397,  431,  472,  491,  522,  587,  627, 
685,  716,  747,  787  ;  roots,  buds  on, 
554 

Orchid  Society,  an,  814 

Orchids  at  Backhouse's  Nursery,  York, 
465  ;  at  Bull's,  627,  683  ;  Charles- 
worth,  4.30;  Freeland,  Perth,  47; 
Heaton  House,  Cheshunt,  649;  Kew, 
99;  Liverpool  Exhibition,  755;  Li- 
verpool Horticultural  Cora])any,  370 ; 
Low  &  Co.'s,  815 ;  Sudbury  House, 
47  ;  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  278 ; 
Williams'  Nursery,  501 ;  Wilton 
House,  Southampton,  129  ;  The 
Woodlands,  788 

Orchids,  Indian,  74 ;  watering,  409 

Oreodoxa  oleracea,  304  ;  0.  regia,  304 

Ormiston  fruit  gardens,  276 

Ornamental  ioliaged  plants  at  Gun- 
nersbury  Park,  662 

Orphan  Fund,  Gardeners',  721 

Orphanura,  the  word,  231 

Osmanthus  aquifolius,  378 ;  O.  Toma- 
koare,  species  of  Caraipa,  658 

Othello  Vines,  438 

Ouvirandra  fenestralis,  246 

Owen's  nursery.  Maidenhead,  565 

Oxalis,  double  flowered  species  of,  726 

Oxalis  imbricata,  double  flowered 
variety,  681 

Oxford  Botanic  Gardens,  721 ;  new 
curator,  754 

Oxford,  gardens  of,  153,  213,  395,  459 

Oxford  House  Labour  Association, 
593 


Pachycarpus,  sp.,  429 

Paeonies  and  Delphiniums,  71 

Pa:onies,  Tree,  49 

Palms,  Date,  monoecious,  530;  Nipa, 
156  ;  CEnocarpus.  157  ;  Oncosperma, 
157;  Orania,  1.57;  Oreodoxa,  304; 
Phoinicophorium,  304 ;  Pliolido- 
carpus,  304 ;  Phvtelephas,  305 

Palm,  scale  on,  478 

Palm-leaf  pockets,  785 

Palms,  West  Indian,  625 

Pansy,  the;  666 

Pansies,  21,  337 

Parasite  on  Tobacco  plants,  3.33 

Papaw,  new  half-hardy  hybrid,  716 

Parcel  post,  342 

Parentage  of  Lslia  exoniensisx.  716 

Paris  Exhibition,  625  ;  report  of  fungus 
meeting,  565 ;  Horticultural  Con- 
gress, 722 

Parks,  area  of  metropolitan,  166 

Passion-flower  Constance  Elliott,  252 

Patchouly,  616 

Pea,  blue  Sweet,  252 

Peas,  new,  81;  new  and  old,  618; 
Telephone  as  a  late  variety,  503 

Peach  buds  falling,  752 ;  growing  at 
Woburn,   470  ;    Mistleto    on,    249 ; 


splitting  at  the  stone,  26 ;  Waterloo, 

11 
Peaches  on  Hawthorn,  252 
Pear  Congress,  the,  250 
Pear  Dana's  Hovey,   11 ;  d'Hiver,  442  ; 

Fair  Maggie,  555 ;  Knights'  Monarch, 

690  ;  La  Croix,  442 ;  Madame  Stotf, 

220 ;  Quince  Jargonelle,  369  ;  trees, 

a  curiosity  in,  307 
Pears  at  Chiswick,  369  ;  in  East  Corn- 
wall, 442;  Christmas,  781;  imported, 

808 ;  October,  525 
Pelargonium,  the,  226 
Penrhyn  Castle  gardens,  43 
Pentstemons   in   the  Edinburgh   nur- 
series, 377 
People's  Palace.  405  ;  flower  show  at, 

135 
Peripatetic     horticultural    Professors, 

658 
Periwinkle   disease    (Pucoinia  vincse), 

227 
Peristeria  elata,  propagating  of,  532 
Permanent    and    Temporary   Pastures, 

722 
Peter  Lawson  &  Son  (Limited),  167, 

252 
Petroleum  heating  stove,  60 1 
Petunias,  136 

PhKdranassa  chloracea,  224 
Phalienopsis  Lowii,  491,  746,  816  ;   P. 

Mariffi,  658  ;  P.  Stuartiana,  156  ;  P. 

Stuartiana    with     buds    on    roots, 

629 
Philadelphus  microphyllus,  156 
Philosophy  of  watering  plants,  139 
Phlox  Drummondi  grandiflora,  379 
Phylloxera  in  Wiirtemburg,  657  ;  laws, 

136,  372,  373,  814  ;  and  Italy,  4.33  ; 

regulations  in  Germanv,  194 
Phylloxera  of  the  Oak,  340 
Physianthus  albens,  the  fruit  of,  652 
Phytelephas  macrocarpa,  305 
Phyteuma  comosum,  54 
Phytolacca  electrica,  50 
Picotees.     (See  Carnations.) 
Pine-apple,  fasciated,  a,  283  ;  Hen-and- 

Cbicken,  314 
Pines  at  Chatsworth,  253 
Pinetum  at  Hafodunos,  749 
Pinguicula   caudata,  379;    P.  Bakeri, 

341 
Pink,  the,  441 ;  new,  Mrs.  Minty,  192 
Pitcher  plants,  624 
Plant  food,  470,  533 ;  names,  228 
Plant  notes,  619,  816 

Plant  Portraits  ; — Aerides  Fielding!, 
654 ;  A.  Godefroyanum,  654  ;  A. 
HouUetianum,  341 ;  Alocasia  Ville- 
neuvei,197;  Alseuosmiamacrophvlla, 
195  ;  Angrxcum  caudatum,  56  ; 
Apple  Reder's  Golden  Reinette.  56  ; 
Asplenium  falcitum.  814 ;  Barleria 
repens,  341  ;  Boronia  heterophylla, 
054  ;  Bouvardia  hybrida  Hogarth, 
56  ;  Catasetum  Bungerotliii,  341 ; 
Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  654  ;  C.  virgi- 
nalis,341 ;  Crelogynecorymbosa.  341 ; 
Combretum  coccineum,  814  ;  Cym- 
bidium  giganteum,  56 ;  Cypripe- 
dium  caudatum,  782;  C,  praistans, 
341 ;  Dendrobium  infundibulum.  197 ; 
Epidendrum  amabile,  654 ;  E.  oncidi- 
oides, 814;  EpiphyllumRussellianum 
Gartneri,  654  ;  Escallonia  revoluta, 
195;  Glycine  sinensis,  814;  Habenaria 
militaris,  56  ;  Hildebrandtia  sand- 
wicensis,  341  ;  IlouUetia  odoratis- 
sima,  654;  Ipom.iia  Roberts!,  195; 
Iris  Kingiana,  341  ;  Leucoium  au- 
tumnale,  654  ;  Linaria  depau- 
perata,  341 ;  L.  filifolia,  341  ;  L. 
Huteri,  341 ;  Lycaste  Skinner!  var. 
Reginai,  56  ;  Miltonia  spectabiiis 
Moreliana,  654 ;  Narcissus  cycla- 
mineus,  195 ;  Odontoglossum  bic- 
tonense,  197 ;  Oncidium  barbatum, 
782;  O.  hians,  197;  Peach,  Proskau, 
054 ;  Pear,  Belle  Epine  du  Mas, 
654 ;  Philodendron  Andreanura,  782 ; 
Primula  obtusifolia,  341  ;  Pritch- 
ardia  Thurstoni,  341 ;  Prunus  Pis- 
sardi,  054;  Pyrus  "  P.  Shcidecker," 
782  ;  Ranunculus  raacrophyllus,  341 ; 
Rhamnus  balearica,  341 ;  Rhododen- 


dron grande  var.  roseum,  195 ;  R. 
kamschaticum,  654 ;  R.  virgatum, 
654  ;  Saxifraga  longifolia  X  cotyle- 
don, 197  ;  Scilla  ligulata,  6-54  ;  Scu- 
ticaria  Steelii,782;  Stellera  Albert!, 
782  ;  Vanda  coerulea,  66 

Plants  and  electric  light,  500 
Plants  and  their  culture,  15,  52,  77, 
105,  133,  163,  193,  230,  248,  279, 
309,  342,  371,  408,  443,  467,  497, 
527,  559,  591,  623,  655,  687,  719, 
750,  782,  811  ;  insectivorous,  346 ; 
new  certificated,  by  the  Royal  Botanic 
Society,  39 ;  new  certificated  in 
1887  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  So- 
ciety, 20,  747  ;  novel  way  of  protect- 
ing, 503  ;  of  Asia  Minor,  722  ;  philo- 
sophy of  watering,  139  ;  Spanish  and 
Balearic,  341 ;  sulphurous  vapours, 
action  of,  on,  819 

Plants,  New,  or  Notewohthy,  De- 
scribed OR  Mentioned  : — 

Aerides  odoratum  birmanicum.  272; 
Angrfficum  calligerum,  552  ;  A. 
ichneumoneum,  681  ;  Anthurium 
acutum,  776  ;  A.  Scherzerianum, 
460  ;  Alocasia  marginata,  712  ; 
Calanthe  veratrifolia  var.  Reg- 
nieri,  70  ;  Catasetum  fimbria- 
tum,  272  ;  C.  sanguineum  inte- 
grale,  214;  C.  Trulla  subimberbe, 
552  ;  Cattleya  labiata  Wilsou- 
iana,  460;  C.  Miss  Harris,  490; 
C.  porphyroglossa,  var.  punctu- 
lata,  98  ;  C.  Zenobia.  552 ;  Cinho- 
petalura  Lendyanum,  70 ;  C.  stra- 
gularium,  186,  214  ;  Ccfiliopsis 
hyacinthosma,  521 ;  Coclogne  (Ple- 
ione)  maculata  virginea,  682  ;  Cri- 
num  crassipes,  126 ;  Cymbidium 
ensifolium  var.  estriatum,  272 ;  C. 
Charles  Canham,  490;  C.  delica- 
tulura,  552 ;  C.  Hornianum,  428  ;  C. 
Lawrenceanum  var.  stenosemiura,  38 ; 
C.  Lawrenceanum  var.  colorata,  272  ; 
C.  Miss  Canham,  746;  C.  pleisto- 
chlorum,  552  ;  C.  praistans,  243, 814  ; 
Cypripedium  orbum,  778, '782;  Den- 
drobium aurantiacum,  98 ;  D.  Cybele, 
778;  D.  Fredericksianum,  648;  D. 
Hookerianum,  616;  D.  longicorne, 
214  ;  D.  polyphlebium.  242  ;  D.  pur- 
pureum  candidulum,  70 ;  D.  rutri- 
ferum,  746 ;  D.  trigonopus,  682 ; 
Disa  racemosa,  809 ;  Epidendrum 
Kienastii,  126  ;  E.  stenopeta- 
lum,  616;  Eucomis  pallidiflora,  154; 
Huernia  aspera,  364 ;  Iris  Bois- 
sieri,  38;  Kuiphofia  Kirkii,  712; 
K.  pallidiflora,  396;  Lailia  elegans 
incantans,  333 ;  L.  irrorata  Gas- 
kelliana, 520  ;  L.  Novelty,  490 ;  L. 
Timora  x ,  428  ;  Mammillaria  corni- 
mamma,  186  ;  Masdevallia  demissa,  9 ; 
M.  Geleniana,  586  ;  M.  HinckianaX, 
214 ;  M.  Mooreana,  777  ;  M.  soror- 
cula,  713 ;  Maxillaria  molitor,  242  ; 
Miltonia  Bluntii  Lubbersii,  649 ; 
M.  spectabiiis  radians,  713  ;  Mor- 
modes  vernixium,  682  ;  Myrio- 
carpa  colipensis,  243 ;  Myrmeco- 
dia  Beccari,  396 ;  Nepenthes  Cur- 
tisii,  681;  N.  cylindrica,521 ;  Notyl  • 
lia  Bungerothii,  38  ;  Odontoglossum 
crispum  Wolstenholmi*,  98 ;  O. 
cristatellum,  126,  746  ;  0.  euastrum, 
71 ;  0.  Harryanum,  364  ;  O,  ioplocon, 
70  ;  O.  Pescatorei  stupendura,  186  ; 
O.  Schroederianum,  364 ;  X  stauroides 
Gravetianum.  154;  Oncidium  has- 
tatum  Hemimelxnum,  127  ;  O. 
Hookeri,  520 ;  Origanum  Tourne- 
fortii,71 ;  Ouvirandrafenestralis,396; 
Peristeria  laita,  616 ;  P.  selligera, 
272;  Phala^nopsis  HarriettieX,  8; 
P.  Luddemanniana  var.  hierogly- 
phica,  586  ;  P.  Regnieriana,  746  ; 
Pogonia  pulchella,  186 ;  Saccola- 
bium  Sraeeanum,  214 ;  Schom- 
burgkia  Thomson  iana,  38;  Selagi- 
nella  dendricola,  99 ;  S.  diminutifolia, 
99 ;  S.  Jenmanui,  154 ;  S.  pota- 
roensis,  154  ;  Synthyris  reniformis, 
586 ;      Tecoma      Mackenii,     332  ; 


Tridax  bicolor  var.  rosea,  428  ;  Ur- 
ginea  urospermoides,  126 ;  'Vanda 
Amesiana,  586 ;  V.  Sanderiana 
albata,  9  ;  Venidium  fugax,  333 ;  V, 
hirsutum,  332 

Plantes  i'ene?ieuses,  des,  341 

Plants,  of  Asia  Minor,  815  ;  watering 
of,  19,  39,  81,  111,  139,  168, 199,228, 
255 

Pleiones,  685 

Pleurothallis  picta,  431 ;  tribuloid,  335 

Plumeria  acutiiolia,  197 

Plymouth  Strawberry,  the,  19,  164, 195 

Poinsettias,  726 

Polemonium  flavum,  658 

Polygala  Chanuebuxus  purpurea,  76 

Polygonum  afline,  685 

Polystachya  grandiflora,  028;  P.  Ot- 
toniana,  398,  431 

Pomegranate,  a  double,  255 

Pomological  Congress  at  Havre,  529 

Pontederia  azurea,  590,  816 

Poor-rate  and  nurserymen,  562 

Poppies,  hardy  perennials,  22 

Poplar,  the  female  Lombardy,  304  ;the 
white,  as  a  seaside  tree,  277 

Populus  pyramidalis  Meetensis,  818 

Portland  cement,  169 

Postal  labour  and  the  seed  trade,  19 

Potato  crop,  373,  718  ;  extraordinary, 
568 ;  of  1887, the,  216 

Potato  fertilisers,  11  ;  Friesland 
Beautv.  444 ;  productiveness,  474 ; 
scab,  "283,  ,313,  380,  410,  445,  533 ; 
trials  at  Chiswick,  411  ;  White  Ele- 
phant and  Beauty  of  Hebron,  hardi- 
ness of,  255 

Potatos,  255;  abnormal  growth  of, 
586  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron  and  White 
Elephant,  characteristics  of,  379 ; 
earliest  kidney,  729  ;  extraordinary 
crop  of,  409,  445;  heavy  yield  of, 
533,  818 ;  new,  at  Christmas,  228  ; 
new  varieties,  758 ;  quality  of  early, 
169,  228,  256 

Presentation  to  Mr.  E.  H.  Bradley,  756 ; 
Mr.  Jameson,  690 

Prionium  palmita,  429 

Primroses,  exhibiting,  630 

Primula  Auricula,  496  ;  P.  obtusifolia, 
341 ;  P.  Rusbvi,  19 ;  P.  sapphirina, 
21  ;  P.  Sieboldi,  496 

Privets  and  their  uses,  778 

Prize,  Empress  Augusta's,  won  by  Mr. 
Sander,  79 

Proliferous  Adiantum,  a,  170 

Protea,  species  of,  429 

Prunes  in  Servia,  cultivation  of,  137 

Pruning  for  a  crop,  690 

Pseudo-Larix  Kajnipferi,  440 

Pumpkins,  use  of,  478 

Pyrus  (Malus)  spectabiiis,  786 


Queen's  palace,  destruction  of,  786 
Quercus  palustris,  564 
Quince,  Chinese,  the,  786 


Rain,  drainage,  and  well  waters,  con 

stituents  of,  102,  367 
Rainfall  in  Norfolk,  199 
Raphiolepis  ovata,  13 
Raspberry,  black,  505 
Rating  of  nurseries,  10 
Ravenala  madagascariensis,  693 
Red-spider  on  Vines,  42 
Reichenbach,  Professor,  252,  .310 
Reutlingen  Pomological  Institute,  470 
Rheims,  vintage  at,  40 
Rhipsalis  sarmentacea,  464 
Rhododendron  anthropogon,  756;    R. 

bullatum,   755 ;    R.  Bureavi,    755 ; 

R.  fragrans,  755  ;  R.  irroratum,755; 

R.  javanicum,  568  ;  R.  Lady  Alice 

Fitzwilliam,  530 ;    R.  Mr.  'NVaterer, 

18;    R.   (Azalea)    rhombicura,  755; 

R.  The  Queen,  31 
Rhododendrons    from   Yun-nan,   755; 

grafted,     409  ;      greenhouse,    399  ; 

twelve  good,  19 


The  Gardeners'  Chrouicle,] 


INDEX. 


[December  31,  1887. 


Richardia  icthiopica,  20;  fruiting  of 
out-of-doors,  626 

Rock  garden,  376,  495,  524 

Rodriguezia  secunda,  431 

Roots,  432  ;  of  Anemone  transfixed  by 
Couch-grass,  313 

Rosa  polyantlia,  659 ;  R.  simplicifolia, 
366 

Rose,  Chinese,  7S8 ;  budding  in  Sep- 
tember, 4(J1  ;  bush,  concert  be- 
neath, 224  ;  Dupuv  Jamain  as 
a  late,  661  ;  Earl"  of  Dufferin, 
138;  Gloire  de  Dijon,  138 ;  house, 
cool,  the,  686 ;  La  France,  tor 
autumnal  blooming,  494  ;  Madame 
C.  Bruant,  657  ;  Madame  Theresa 
Levet,  630;  Maruchal  Niel,  143; 
Puritan,  new,  192  ;  ui  Jericho,  51  ; 
of  Sharon,  684  ;  planting,  723  ;  York 
and  Lancaster,  195 

Rose  shows,  48  ;  of  1887,  400 

Roses,  723;  amongst  the,  10  ;  at  Peter- 
borough, 168;  Book  on,  478;  hardi- 
ness of  Tea,  588  ;  indoors  and  out, 
814;  in  pots,  41,  '6^^  ;  new  at  Edin- 
burgh Show.  110 ;  new  of  1.887,  492  ; 
out-of-doors,  686  ;  planting  time, 
555;  single.  21;  some  new,  532; 
Tea,  in  the  North,  493 

Roseneath,  the  Silver  Fir  at,  166 

Rothamsted  garden  allotments,  460 

Royal  Botanic  Society,  196 

Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  So- 
cietv,  282,  310 ;  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society,  7,  16,  53.  138,  168, 
310, 378, 443, 498,  657,  690, 785, 793^; 
circular,  720 ;  and  Professor  Foster's 
scheme  for  re-orgauisation,  134 ; 
condition  of,  436 ;  special  general 
meeting,  752 :  Strawberry /tYe,  79 

Royal  Horticultural  Society  of  Aber- 
deen, 274 

Royal  Jubilee  Bouquet,  79 ;  Saxon 
Bouquet,  341 

Rubus  americanus,  99 ;  R.  arcticus, 
685  ;  R.  rosoefolius,  754 

Rushes,  new  use  for,  662 

Ryde  Horticultural  Society,  281 


Sabals,  the,  of  Jamaica  and  Trinidad, 

625 
Saccolabium  bigibbum,  var.,  397 
Salamanca  Grape,  the.  467 
Salvia  aurea,  729 
Salt,  effects  of,  on  Narcissus  triandrus, 

283 ;  Narcissus  bulbs,  378 
Salt    for     killing    weeds    on    walks. 

143 
San    Francisco,    fruit    cultivation   in, 

432 
Sarcodes  sanguinea,  406 
Savoy,  Gilbert's  Universal,  782 
Saxe-Gothaia,  684 
Saxifraga  cuscutiformis,  337 ;  vS.  ligu- 

lata,  var.  ciliata,  524 
Scale  on  Palm,  478 ;   on  Peach  trees, 

666 
Scarlet  wild  flowers,  168 

Scientific  Committee  ; — Aceras  an- 
throphora,  23 ;  Attalea  funifera 
carbonised,  631  ;  Bulbophyllum 
barbigerum,  23  ;  Cactus  species,  631; 
Campanulas,  double,  82;  Cattleya 
Gaskelliana,  170  ;  C.  'Wagneri,  23  ; 
Cecropia  stapeiiaiformis,  23 ;  Ce- 
rasus  virginiana,  23 ;  Cladosporium 
fulvum,  631  ;  Coquilla-uut  car- 
bonised, 631 ;  Croci,  631 ;  Cypri- 
pedium  Lawrenceanum,  malformed, 
170;  Dichopogon  strictus,  23;  Di- 
lophosphora  gramiuis,  170,  631 ; 
Echiandra  eleutherandra,  23 ;  Eryn- 
gium  giganteum,  170 ;  species  as 
bee-fluwers,  631  ;  fasciated  stems, 
170 ;  Fontanesia  californica,  23 ; 
Frost  and  trees,  631 ;  glazing  bars 
for  grcehhouses,  170;  new  method 
of,  631  ;  hay  fever,  82;  Helianthus 
occidentalis,  23;  Helichrysum 
(Swammerdamia)    autennaria,    23 ; 


Laurel  leaves  recovering  from 
frost,  70;  Lilium  bulbifeium,  23; 
L.  polyphyllum,  631 ;  Liquidambar 
styraciflua,  23  ;  Lonicera  pubescens 
hyb.,  23  ;  Lychnis  hyb.,  82  ;  Jlan- 
devilla  suaveolens,  631  ;  Masdevallia 
Simula,  23  '■  Melia  Azaderach,  23 ; 
Jliltonia  vexillaria,  23  ;  monstrous 
flowers,  23,  631  ;  Myrsiphyllum  as- 
paragoides.  23 ;  Nicotiana  atfinis, 
170  ;  plants  exhibited,  23 ;  Pole- 
monium  flavum,  23 ;  Rose  Celestial. 
82 :  York  and  Lancaster,  82  ;  rust 
on  plants.  170;  Solanum  cornicu- 
latum,631  ;  Streptocarpus  hyb.,  170; 
Styrax  japonica,  23 ;  Syringa,  Ja- 
panese, a,  23  ;  Taraus,  fasciated,  82  ; 
Weevils  in  Orchids,  631 ;  '^''heat, 
varieties  of,  170 

Scion,  influence  of,  on  stock,  284,  368 

Scion,  eff"ect  of  stock  on,  409 

Scotch  Fir,  large,  400 

Scotland,  43,  376,  412,  441,  536,  569, 
665, 761, 816 ;  experiment  in  growing 
hardy  fruit,  502  :  largest  Yews  in, 
102 

Scottish  Arboricultural  Societv,  to  use 
word  "  Royal,"  500,  786 ;  Horticul- 
tural Society.  438, 

Scuticaria  Steelii.  431 

Seakale,  782 

Se.ison,  the,  444 

Seed  crops,  Dutch,  405;  in  Lincoln- 
shire, 6.50 ;  Harvest  of  1877,  495  ; 
Tomato,  cleaning,  691  ;  trade,  103, 
816  ;  and  Sunday  postal  labour,  50 

Seeds,  how  to  get  rid  of  insects  in, 
471;  preservation  of,  49;  vitality 
of,  131 

Selaginella  CBsia,  hardihood  of,  786 

Self-help  scheme,  the,  22 

Serkys  Tea,  39 

Shallots,  planting,  795 

Shanks  &  Co.,  728 

Shi  inking  seasoned  timber,  534 

Show,  English,  seen  .through  foreign 
spectacles,  494 

Siam,  Teak  in,  530 

Silene  pusilla,  44,  138 

Silkworms,  Japanese,  500 

Silver  Fir  at  Roseneath,  166,  248 

Simaba  Cedron  (Snake-bite  cure),  721 

Smet,  Louis  de,  196 

Smyrna,  vegetable  products  of,  527 

Snake-bite  cure,  Simaba  Cedron,  721 

Snow  plant  of  Sierra  Nevada,  406 

Societies  : — Aberdeen  Horticultural, 
202,  377,  696,  725;  Agri-Horti- 
cultnral  of  Kandy.  24 ;  Ameri- 
can Florists'  755  ;  Aylesbury 
Floral,  112 ;  Banbury  Chrysanthe- 
mum. 695  ;  Basingstoke,  257  ;  Bath, 
86,  632;  Floral  Fete,  347;  Brain- 
tree  and  Backing,  86  ;  Brighton  and 
Hove,  631 ;  Brighton  and  Sussex, 
85,  381 ;  Cercle  Horticole  Van 
Houtte,  288  ;  Chelmsford  and  Essex 
Horticultural,  663;  Cheshunt,  633; 
Chichester  and  West  Sussex  Chry- 
santhemum, 696 ;  Chiswick,  112, 
633  ;  Clonmel,  663 ;  Cryptogamic  of 
Scotland,  476  ;  Crystal  Palace,  83  ; 
Fruit  Show,  314,  445,  471,  599; 
Derby,  627 ;  Devizes,  663 ;  Devon  and 
Exeter  Horticultural,  285,  600,  631, 
722  ;  Dundee,  376,  725  ;  Dunmore 
East,  259 ;  Eastbourne  Horticul- 
tural, 286 ;  Edinburgh  Botanical, 
171,  662,  790  ;  Ediuburgh  Market 
Gardeners,  792  ;  Glasgow  and  West 
of  Scotland  Horticultural,  345  ; 
Gloucester  and  Cheltenham,  411  ; 
Grand  National  Dahlia,  315;  and 
annual  meeting,  754 ;  Harpenden 
Horticultural,  287  ;  Apple  and  Pear 
Congress,  760 ;  Hastings,  St.  Leo- 
nard's and  East  Sussex,  256  ;  Hud- 
dersfield,  633  ;  Insch,  276 ;  Kingston, 
599;  Leek  Rose,  113;  Leighton 
Buzzard,  229  ;  Lewisham  and  Dis- 
trict, 113;  Luton,  229,  693;  Fruit, 
Root  and  Vegetable,  476  ;  Linnean, 
722  ;  Liverpool  Horticultural  Asso- 
ciation, 171,  728 ;  Manchester,  380, 


600,  659,  727;  Rose,  141;  Mat- 
lock Bath,  229  ;  National  Auri- 
cula, 722  ;  and  Carnation  and 
Picotee,      722  ;     annual      meeting, 

754  ;  Northern,  201  ;  Southern,  140  ; 
National  Chrysanthemum,  348,  476, 
5.36,  597,  695  ;  annual  meeting,  754, 
760 ;  National  Rose,  54,  722,  700 ; 
at  Edinburgh,  84;  Newbury,  202; 
Newcastle-on-Tyne,  317  ;  Newport, 
Isle  of  Wight,  627 ;  Northampton- 
shire Horticultural,  171  ;  North 
of  Scotland  Horticultural,  665  ; 
Oxfordshire,  23;  Oxford  Carnation 
and  Picotee  Union,  229 ;  Paisley, 
349 ;  Portsmouth,  6.32  ;  Putney,  627 ; 
Ryde  and  Isle  of  Wight  Chrysan- 
themum, 664  ;  Reading  Horticultu- 
ral, 287,  694  ;  Reigate.  85;  Richmond 
Horticutural,  23 ;  annual  meeting, 
755;  Royal  Caledonian,  84,  316, 
346;  Royal  Horticultural,  23,  83, 
139, 170,  200, 256,  346,  410,  475, 535. 
596,  631,  793;  Circular,  720,  721, 
727;  extract  from  Proceedings,  759  ; 
report  of  special  meeting  and  com- 
mittees, 752,  758,  759  (see  also 
under  Chiswick) ;  Rugby  and  dis- 
trict, 664  ;  St.  Albans  and  district, 
695 ;  St.  Neots,  627 ;  Sandy,  2.88  ; 
Scilly  Islands  Bulb  Association, 
2-30 ;  Scottish  Arboricultural,  142, 
170 ;  Scottish  Horticultural  Asso- 
ciation, 202,  569,  665,  697,  725,  761, 
792 ;  Scotland,  North  of  792 ;  Scot- 
tish    Meteorological,     its    Journal, 

755  ;  Shropshire  Floral,  257 ;  Smith- 
field  Club,  728  ;  Southampton  Horti- 
cultural, 171, 600 ;  Stourbridge  Chry- 
santhemum, 696 ;  Sunbury  and  Shep- 
perton,  56 ;  Taunton  Dean,  258 ; 
Taunton  District  Chrysanthemum, 
&c.,  664  ;  Torquav,  56  ;  Trowbridge, 
257 ;  Tunbridge  Wells,  Mid-Kent, 
and  East  Sussex  Chrsanthemum, 
695;  Twickenham,  80;  Watford, 
6.33;  Wellingborough,  201;  Wel- 
lington Chrysanthemum  and  fruit, 
664;  Wilts  Horticultural,  288,694; 
Winchester,  663 ;  Worcester  Horti- 
cultural, 286 ;  York  Florists,  664 

Solanum  cornigerum,  7.56 
Sonerilas,  198 
Sophronitis  violacea,  220 
Southampton    Horticultural    Societv, 

200 
South  of  Ireland,  drought  in,  284 
Spanish  and  Balearic  plants,  341 
Spathoglottis  augustorum,  305 
Specimen  Fuchsias,  314 
Spinovitis  Davidii,  373 
Spiriea  Aruncus,  12 
Spruce  Fir,  a  curious,  276 
St.    Petersburg,    Botanic   Garden  at, 

227 
Stancliffe    Hall,    new    hothouses    at, 

790 
Stangeria,  470 
Starlings  and  flies,  378 
Sternbergia  lutea,  526 
Stock,  Dyson's,  533 
Stock  (grafting),  influence  of  scion  on, 

368,  409,  661 
Stool-grown  Oak,  309 
Stove,  petroleum-he.ating,  661 
Straffan,  Disas  at,  199 
Straight  bee  comb,  and  how  to  secure 

it,  652 
Strawberry     disease,    344 ;     Oxonian, 

220,  313,  380  ;  Plymouth,  the,  164  ; 

Victory,  139 
Strawberries  in  Manitoba,  196  ;  Keen's 

Seedling  and  Wilmot's  Superb,  313 
Straw  plait,  618 

Strelitzia  regina  var.  citrina,  816 
Streptocarpus,  hybrid,  137  ;  the  Kew, 

341  ;  S.  kewensis  X,  246;   S.  Rexii, 

343;  S.  WatsoniX,214 
Studies  i7i  Microscopical  Science,  195 
Studies  on  the  Gladiolus,  651 
Sudbury  House,  757 
Sulphate  of  copper  and  mildew,  166 
Sulphurous     vapours,    action     of,    on 

plants,  819 
Sunflower  culture,  567 


Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  annual  ex- 
cursion of,  289 
Swammerdamia  autennaria,  13 
Sweet  Peas,  new,  170 
Swiss  notes,  363 


Tan,  flowers  of,  19 

Tacsonia,  hybrid,  50,  107 

Tea  boxes,  wood  for,  658 

Tea,  Serkys,  39 

Teak  in  Siam,  530 

Technical  education,  136 

Telopea  Oreades,  496 

Tenders  for  bulbs,  224 

Tennessee,  Maize  and  fruits  in,  129 

Terminalia  elegans,  366 

Thalictrums,  248 

Theophrasta  Jussiiei,  428,  533 

Thinning  of  Douglas  Fir  wood,  427 

Thunbergia  affinis,  460 

Thunderstorm,  the  late,  255 

Thuia  gigantea,  438 

Timber  trees,  nailing,  726 

Tobacco,  competition  in  growing,  594 ; 
crops,  224;  culture  in  England, 714; 
plants,  parasite  on,  333 ;  in  Che- 
shire, 409  ;  in  Japan, 659 

Tomato  disease,  167,  312,  379,  408, 
410,  445,  532 ;  Gilbert's  Surprise, 
658  ;  Highbury  Prolific,  595  ;  seed  ; 
to  clean,  474,  503,  691,  737 ;  trials 
at  Chiswick,  411 

Tomatos  and  Roses  in  a  vinery,  505 

Tomatos  and  their  weight,  445 ;  at 
Chiswick,  474 ;  enormous,  380 

Tonquin  Beans,  50 

Top  Cherry  (Cerise  Toupie),  442 

Toulouse,  gardening  at,  744 

Town  gardening,  an  aspect  of,  592 

Trachymene  caTulea,  306 

Trade  memoranda :  Anderson,  Lang- 
behm  &  Co.,  497 

Trade  notices  :  D.  Dartnall,478;  Law- 
son  Nursery  and  Seed  Company, 
761 

Training  wire  band,  284 

Transvaal,  the,  308 

Trap,  a  perfect  earwig,  192 

Traps  for  woodlice,  26 

Traveller's  tree,  Ravenala  madagas- 
cariensis,  693 

Trebizond  honey,  748 

Tree-stays  wire,  793 

Tree,  a  large  fossil,  5.30 ;  growth  and 
wet  soils,  750  ;  planting  of  Jubilee 
at  Bridge  of  Allan,  N.B.,  658 

Trees  and  agriculture,  629 

Trees  and  shrubs,  12,  52,  99,  128,  246, 
276,  303,  374,  400,  440,  564, 628, 778 
818 

Trees,  avenue,  686,  815,  817;  in 
London,  462 ;  old  and  memorial, 
125 

Trees,  two  good  avenue,  778 

Trial-ground,  a  seedsman's,  192 

Tribute  of  gratitude  :  a  gardeners'  or- 
phan scheme,  224 

Trichosnia  suavis,  747 

Tridax  bicolor.  553 

Tring  Park,  Orchids  at,  14;  winter- 
flowers  at,  697 

Trinidad,  notes  from,  590 

Tropaaolum  Constantine,  199  ;  at  Chis- 
wick, 132,  155  ;  dwarf,  200 

Truflle  culture,  626 

Truflles,  595 

Tubercular  swellings  on  the  roots  of 
Leguminosse,  252 ;  Vicia  Faba,  50 

Tuberose,  the,  558 

Tulip,  the,  501 

Tulips,  florists',  40 

Turnips  and  Swedes  and  insects,  505 


U 


Union  of  flowers  of  Oncidium  Jonesia- 

num,  252 
United    Horticultural   Provident    and 

Benefit  Society,  470 


via        Tho  Gardolioib'  CUroiiiclf,] 


INDEX. 


[Uc'c'emljjr  31,  1387. 


V 


Vanda  Amesiana,  47- ;    V.   cccrulea, 

522 ;     V.    ci  istata,    220 ;     V.    San- 

deriana,  717  ;  V.  teres,  627 
Variation  in  plants,  717 
Vases   of  Chrysantliemums    at    cxlii- 

bitions,  726 
Vegetable  life,  tlie  chemistry  of,  301  ; 

physiology,  study  of,  687 ;  products 

of  Smyrna,  527 ;  sheep,  18 
Vegetables,  782 ;  at  Alexandria,  360 ;  at 

Hackwood,  568 
Vegetation  at  Bournemouth,  626 
Veitch's  Nurserv,  4<34 
Verlot,  M.,  600' 
Veronica  Andcrsoni   varicgata,    558 ; 

V.  cupressoides,  247, 276 ;  and  others, 

372 ;  and  V.  salicornioides,  303, 344 
Viburnum  Opulus,  378 
Vicia  Dennessiana,  658 
Victoria,  Cinchona  culture  in,  196 
Vine  borders,  making,  473  :  mulching, 

795 
Vine  Congress  at  Macon,  785 
Vine,    effects    of    grafting    on,    620 ; 

Othello,  438;  nnfiiiitful,  478 
Vines, 470;  and  frost,  72IJ.757;  (ilanting. 


473 ;  red-spider  on,  42  ;  renovating, 

666 
Vineyard    on    Blackheath,    779 ;     at 

Castle  Coch,  628 
Vineyards,  762 
Vintage  at  Hheims,  40 
Violets,  532 
Vitis  capensis,  392 

W 

Walnct  log,  a  big,  374 

Ward,  W.  H.,  Mr.,  awards  to,  280 

Warm  water,  watering  with,  19 

Wasps,  199,  228,  255,  283,  313 

Watcombe  Park,  463  ;  trees  at,  564 

Watercress,  how  to  grow,  445 

Water  Lily,  a  monster  flowered,  026 ; 

a  new  yellow,  280 
Water  over  glass  roofs,  11 
Water  plants  in  public  reservoirs,  626 
Watering  Orchids,  409 
Watering   outdoor   plants,  philoso]>hy 

of,  19,  39,  81,  HI,    139,    168,  199, 

228,  255 
Water,  constituents  of  rain,  drainage, 

and  well,  103,  307 
AVeather,  the,  224 ;  and  its  effect  on 


plants,  343 ;  and  plants,  107 ;  fore- 
casting the,  18,658 ;  in  the  North  of 
Scotland,  595 

Webb's  trial  ground,  371 

Webster,  A.  D.,  Mr..  723 

Wellingtonia,  the,  778 ;  W.  gigantea 
aurea,  276  ;  prolific  cone  of,  649 

Well,  drainage,  and  rain-waters,  con- 
stituents of,  102,  367 

Welwitschia  mirabilis,  246 

West  Indian  forest,  a,  9,  40 

West  Indies,  botanical  stations  in,  170 

West  walls,  Peaches  and  Grapes  in 
houses  against,  444 

Wet  soils  and  tree  growth,  750 

What  not  to  do,  221,  786 

Wheat  and  Kye,  hybiid  between,  755  ; 
crop  of  1887,  523 ;  fungus  on,  589 

Wheats,  crossed,  136 

Whitehead,  C.  Mr.,  224 

White  Lodge,  Richmond  Park,  496 

Wild  flowers,  scarlet,  168 

Williams',  B.  S.,  Orchids  at,  nurserv, 
501 

Winchester  Horticultural  Society,  470 

Wind  screen.  Holly  as,  661 

Window-bearing  Orchids,  the  genus  of 
Cryptophoranthus,  692 


Winter  flowers  at  Tring  Park,  697 

Wireworm  (false),  231 

Wisley,  365 

Woburn,  Peach  gro\ving  at,  470 

Wood,    a    hard,   4.'i8 ;  creosotej,   661 ; 

for  Tea-boxes,  658 
Woolly  aphis  and  its  repression,  780 
Worms  on  lawns,  to  destroy,  595,  726, 

757 
Wurtemburg,  Phylloxera  in,  657 


Xanthocebas  sorbifolia,  274,  276 


Ye.\r,  the  events  of  the,  812 
Yellow  Water  Lily  fly,  243 
Yew,  the  largest  in  Scotland,  192 
Yuccas,  111 
Yun-nan  Rhododendrons,  755 


ZixNiA  linearis,  596 


LIST     OF     ILLUSTRATIONS, 


Adiantcjm    Fergusoni,    469 ;    A.    fra- 

grantissimum,  199 
Agave  glaucescens,  flowering  of,  218, 

223  ;  A.  Henriquesii,  307 
Ailantus  glandulosa,  fruits  of,  365 
Aldenham  House,  Elstree,  sub-tropical 

bed  at.  593 
Aphelandra  Margarita;,  585 
Ardisia  mamillata,  809 
Arizona  garden,  an,  17 
Aster,  Triumph,  629 
Athrotaxis,  branches  of  cupressoides, 

725 ;   A.  laxifolia,  725 ;   and  of  A. 

selaginoides,  724 

B 

Begonia,  abnojuial,  500 

Bouquet  of  Orchids,  the  Royal  Jubilee. 

(See  Supplement,  July  16.) 
Bouquet  of  Orchids,  the  Royal  Saxon 

(See  Supplement,  September  17.) 


Campanula  Vidalli,  285 

Carica  (Papaw),  livbiid,  fruit  and 
details,  716,  717 

Cascade  in  the  Bois  de  Vincennes,  557 

Cassia  corymbosa,  397 

Cattleya,  a  prolified,  12.  18 

Ceratotheca  triloba,  493 

Cladosporium  fulvum,  533 ;  C.  lyco- 
persici,  408 

Clerodendron  Thomsons  var.  Bal- 
fouriana,  127 

Ccelogyne  corymbosa,  73 

Conservatory  at  lleudie,  Monmouth- 
shire, 131 

Crinum  Moorei,  499 

Cucumber,  Reichart's  Jewel,  503 

Cucumber  rooting  from  stalk,  433 

Cyclamens,  germination  of,  596 

Cvpiipedium  superbieus,  1.57;  C.  pr.ts- 
"tans,  813 


Dactvlium  roseum,  168 

Dendrobium  Farmeri,  33.3 

Devizes    Castle.       (See    Supplement, 

August  13). 
Diacrium  bicornutum,  45 
Dilophosporagrarainis.  589 
Disease  of  Tomatos,  409,  533 


Encephaiaetos  Altensteinii,  281 
Eucharis  Candida,  grasshopper  eggs  in 

bulbs  of,  377,  565 
Eucalyptus  coccifera,  787,  789 
Eucalyptus   globulus.      (See    Supple- 
ment, December  24.) 
Eucalyptus  Gunni,  781. 


FowLEB,  tlie  late  Archibald,  219 
Fuchsia,  a  specimen,  315 
Fungus  on  Wheat,  589 


Gall  on   Lime   leaves,   83;    on   Oak, 

110 
Germination  of  Cyclamens,  590 
Grasshopper    hatched    from    eggs    in 

Eucharis  bulb,  565 
Great  Gearies,  glasshouses  at,  226 
Gooseberry,   cordon  trained,  373  ;  va- 
rious, 372,  373,  401 
Grape  stand,  20 

H 

ILiTi'iELD  House,  front  view,  72  ; 
peristyle,  or  piazza  garden,  77  ;  ra- 
diating avenue  of  trained  Yews  at, 
77 ;  triad  of  royal  Oaks  at,  85 ;  view 
from  the  vineyard,  75 

Hellebore,  Riverston  hybrid,  437 

Hendre,  Monmouthshire,  conservatory 
at,  131 

Hibiscus  rosa  sinensis,  529 


Johnstone,  Jlr.  G.  473 


KcRLnEUTEuiA  pauiculatn,  seed-vessels 
of,  .501 


Larch,  pendulous,  I  he,  685 
Lauriston,  rockwork  at,  139 
Lavanderette,  441 
Le  Notre,  portrait  of,  749 
Lime  leaves,  nail-gall  on,  83 


Lobelia  sabnuda,  304 
Lupinus  albo-coccineus  nanus,  597 
Lychnis    coronaria,    101 ;    Flos-Jovis, 
101 ;  hybrid,  101 

M 

Maxdevilla  suaveolens,  pods  of.  S17 
Maples,  a  group  of  ornamental,  311 
Masdevallia  Dayana,  692 
Mushroom,  a  monstrous,  696 
Mvstacidium  (ilicorne,  1.j5 


Nabcissus  Madame  de  Graaf,  111 
Nelumbium.  the  white,  405 
Nepenthes  Curtisii,  689  ;  N.  cylindrica, 


Odontoqlossum  Harryanum,  169 
Odontoglossum     at     Howick    House, 

Preston.  (See  Supplement,  Dec.  10.) 
Olearia  Traversii,  187 
Onoidium  Papilio,  proliferous,  spike  of, 

617 
Osmanthus    aquifolius,  showing    leafy 

bud  scales  uplifted,  379 
Oxalis     imbricata,     double     flowered 

variety,  681 


P.EONY  (tree)  Louise  Mouchetet,  49 

Pansies,  21 

Pare  Monceau,  view  in  the,  649 

Peach  curl,  53 

Pear  sawfly,  110 

Periwinkle  disease,  227 

Petroleum  stove,  661 

Phalajnopsis  Harriettije,  9 ;   P.  Lowii, 

745 
Philadelphus  microphyllus,  150 
Phylloxera  on  Oak,  340 
Physianthus  albens,  653 
Pine  beetle  (Hylurgus  piniperda),  105 
Pine  sawfly,  203 
Pine-stove  at  Chatsworth,  251 
Plan  of  a  villa  garden,  107 
Prize  vase  gained  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  at 

Dresden,   and   used  for  the  Jubilee 

bouquet,  78 
Psilotum  triquetrum,  various  Japanese 

forms  of,  190,  191,  193 


R 

Ravenala  madagascariensis,  693 

Rheims  Cathedral,  sculpture  showing 
the  vintage,  41 

Uhipsalis  sarraentacea,  465 

Hoots,  mass  of,  495 

Rosa  polyantha,  059,  (See  Supple- 
ment, November  20). 


Sabal  Palm  in  Jamaica,  624 ;  in  Trini- 
dad, 625 

Saxe  Gothea,  foliage  of,  684 

Saxifraga  cuscutiformis,  337;  S.  ligu- 
lata  var.  ciliata,  525 

Scion,  illustiations  of,  effect  of  on 
stock,  369 

Scolytus  destructor,  138 

Seed-pods  of  JIandevilla  suaveolens, 
817 

Silene  pusilla,  44 

Silver  Fir  at  Roseneath,  165 

Sirex  gigas,  203 

Solanum  cornigerum,  753 

Sonerillas,  varieties  of.  198 

Staphylea  colchica,  713 

Stanclifl'e  Hall,  hothouses  at,  791 

Stock,  ett'ect  of  scion  on,  369 

Streptocarpus  keweusis  x  ,  247 ;  S, 
Watsoni  X ,  215 

Subtropical  bed  at  Aldenham  House, 
Elstree,  593 


Tacsonia,  liybrid,  106 
Theophrasta  Jussiici,  429 
Tliunbergia  aflinis,  641 
Tomato  disease,  532,  533 ;  black  spot, 

409 
Town  garden,  plan  of  a  French,  255 
Training  wire,  284 
Tiidax  bicolor  var.  rosea,  5.53 


V.  W.  X.  Y.  Z. 

Vine,  effect  of  grafting,  621  ;  Wheat, 
fungus  on,  589;  Xanthoceras  sorbi- 
folia, 275;  fruit  of,  274;  Yellow 
Water  Lily  flv,  284  ;  Zinnia  linearis, 
597 


LIST     OP     SUPPLEMENTS. 


BocacET  or  Orchids,  the  Roval  Jubilee,  July  16. 
BooanET  OF  OncHiDs,  the  Roval  Saxon,  September  17. 
Devizes  Castle,  August  13. 


Edcalvptos  globulus,  December  24. 

Odontoglossums  at  Howick  House,  Preston,  December  10. 

Rosa  roLVAxruA,  November  26. 


Established  i84i 

No.  2427. 


No.  27.-VOL.  11.  g^^Z} 


SATURDAY,  JULY  2,  1887. 


niegt.  as  a  Newspaper. /PR'CE    3d. 

I.    POST-FEBB,  3id, 


Apiary,  the 
Book:— 
FuDf;U3  Hunter' 


CONTENTS. 

Obituflry 


I  Guide  19 

Sotantcal  Magazine        ...  11 

CactUiiea  in  Arizona         ...  17 

Cattleya,  a  prolified        ...  12 
Cauliflowers  on  undrained 

lands        22 

Chiawick  not€3      12 

Cultural  memoranda       ...  20 

Dahlias  at  Swanley         ...  20 

Flower  garden,  the         ...  14 

Flowers  in  season 18 

Fruit  Register      11 

Fruits  under  glass  ...  15 
Gardening  appointments  .  31 
Gardeners'  Royal  Benevo- 
lent Institution  ...  24 
Gooseberry  caterpillar  ...  22 
Hardy  fruit  garden         ...  15 

Hay  fever 18 

Herbaceous  border           ...  19 

Kew  notes...          10 

Kitchen  garden,  the       ...  15 

London  parks         18 

Masdevallia  demissa       ...  9 

Nurseries,  rating  of        ...  16 


Orchid  notes         

Pansies        

Phalainopsis  Harriettfe  ... 

Pinks,  ludian        

Plants  and  their  culture 

„    certificated 

Potato  fertilisers 

Primula  sapphirina 


Mr.     J. 


■al    So- 


Rhododend: 
Waterer's 

„    single... 
Royal    Horticult 

ciety         7. 

Self-help  scheme 

Societies  : — 

Agri-Horticultural        of 
Kandy 

Richmond  

Royal  Horticultural     ... 

Royal  Oxfordshire 
Strawberry,  the  Plymouth 

Trees  and  shiubs 

Vanda  Sanderiana  albata 
Water  over  glass  tor  roofs 
West  Indian  forest,  an    ... 


Illustrations. 

Arizona  garden,  an  

Cattleya,  a  prolified  

Grape  stand 

Pansies  

Phalsenopsis  Harriettee     


POSTAL  OEDEES.—  To  Advertisers,  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — It  is  very  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  it  should  bejilled  in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRUHY  LANE, 
t)  W.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  aJtd 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  ujhose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B.~The  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 


KOYAL      HORTICULTURAL     SOCIETY, 
South  Kensington.  S.W. 
GRAND  ROSE  EXHIBITION,  by  the  National  Rose  Society, 
on  TUESDAY,  July  5,  in  the  Conservatory. 

Admission  free  to  Fellows  and  Members  of  the  National  Rose 
Society  at  12o'Clock,  and  to  the  Public  at  1  o'Clock  on  payment 
of  2s.  6rf . 

N.B. — Entrances,  N.E.  Orchard  House,  Exhibition  Road ;  and 
Exhibitors'  Entrance,  east  side  of  Royal  Albert  Hall. 

CRYSTAL        PALACE. 
GREAT  ROSE   SHOW  of    SEASON. 
SATURDAY,  July  9.      Postponed   ."rom  July  2. 
For  Schedules  and  Entry  Forms  apply  to 
Mr.  W.  G.  HEAD,  Garden  Superintendent,  Crystal  Palace,  S.E. 


ALEXANDRA         PALACE, 
London,  N. 
GREAT    KOSE    SHOW,    JULY    14,  15,  and  16.      Entries 
Close  July  7,  1887.   For  Schedules  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 
J.  S.  COOKE.  Secretary  ot  the  Show,  Alexandra  Palace,  N. 


MALVERN    ASSEMBLY    ROOMS 
and  Pleasure  Gardens. 
A  GRAND  ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held  in  the  above  Gardens 
on  THURSDAY.  July  7,  1887.    Open  to  aU  England,  for  Nur- 
serymen and  Amateurs.    Gardens  Open    at  3    o'clock  P.M. 
For  Schedules  and  particulars  apply  to 

EDWARD  HARLEY,  Manager  and  Secretary. 

RIGHTON     and     SUSSEX     FLORICUL- 

TURAL  and  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 
GRAND  SUMMER  EXHIBmON,  JULY  6  and  7,  at  the 
Royal  Pavilion.  Ist  prize  for  10  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
£10.  1st  prize  tor  8  Orchids.  £b.  lat  prize  for  12  Foliaged 
Plants,  £.i.  1st  prize  for  48  Roses,  £5.  1st  prize  for  Collection 
of  Fruit,  £5.    Sehedules  of  prizes  ready. 

EDWARD  CARPENTER,  Secretary, 
Secretary's  Office  :  96,  St.  James'  Street, 
Brighton,  March  28, 1887. 


BEDFORD    and    BEDFORDSHIRE 
HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
FOURTH    ANNUAL    SHOW,   at  Bedford,  JULY  13,  1887. 
Special  Prizes  for  ROSES  and  CUT  FLOWERS,  open  to  all 
England.    Entries  Close  July  5.    Schedules  and  Entry  Forms 
HENRY  TERBS,  Hon.  Sec. 


N 


ATIONAL        ROSE       SOCIETY 

OF  ENGLAND. 

GRAND  EXHIBITION 

will  be  held  in  the 

WAVERLEY  MARKET.   EDINBURGH, 


WEDNESDAY,  July  13,  1887  ; 

In  connection  with  the  SUMMER  SHOW  ot  the 

ROYAL      CALEDONIAN      HORTICULTURAL      SOCIETY. 

For  Schedules,  &c.,  apply  to  SECRETARY,  Royal  Caledonian 

Horticultural  Society,  18,  Waverley  Market,  Edinburgh. 


BIRMINGHAM     BOTANICAL 
and  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
A  ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held  in  the  Gardens,  Edgbaston.  on 
THURSDAY    and    FRIDAY,    July    14    and    15,    1887.       For 
Schedules  of  Prizes  apply  to 

W.  B.  LATHAM,  Curator. 


Q  ALTERHEBBLE  ROSE  SHOW,  JULY  21, 

O    INCREASED  LIST  of  PRIZES.  For  Schedules,  &c..  apply, 
ARTHUR  M,  BEECROFT,  Sec.  8,  Heath  Lane,  Halifax. 


ROYAL     JUBILEE     EXHIBITION, 
Manchester. 
A  GRAND  ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held  on  FRIDAY,  July  22. 
For  Schedules.  &c.,  apply  to  the  undersigned, 
BRUCE  FIND  LAY,  Royal  Botanical  Gardens,  Manchester. 


SOMERSET. 

The  TWENTIETH  GRAND  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  of 
the  Taunton  Deane  Horticultural  and  Floricultural  Society 
will  be  held  on  THURSDAY,  August  11,  1887.  TWO  HUN- 
DRED and  FIFTY  POUNDS  in  PRIZES.  Bee  Tent.  Schedules 
may  be  obtained  of  the 

HON.  SECS..  5.  Hammet  Street,  Taunton. 

HROPSHIRE      HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY. 

SUMMER  SHOW  (open  to  all).  AUGUST  17  and  18. 
Twenty  Plants,  £25,  £20,  £15.  Collection  of  Fruit,  £10,  £6, 
£3.  For  Grapes,  £44.  Collection  of  Vegetables,  8  sorts,  £5, 
£3,  S2,  £1.    Schedules  and  full  particulars  from 

Messrs.  ADNITT  AND  NAUNTON,  Shrewsbury,  Hon.  Sees. 


FOR     SALE,    a    fine    Specimen     Plant     of 
ANTHURIUM    VEITCHII.  18  leaves,   3  crowns.    Also 
other  fine  Plants.    CASH  or  EXCHANGE. 

N.  GERMAN,  Redcliffe  Road  Gardens,  Nottingham. 

EACHES  !  NECTARINES  !  GRAPES  1  &c. 

— Highest  Market  Prices  guaranteed  for  really  good  and 
wellpackedfmitof  above.— WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Garden. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
North  Bow,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  OPEN  TO  DIS- 
POSE OF  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STRAW- 
BERRIES, CHOICE  FLOWERS,  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily  ;  Cheques  weekly,  or  aa  preferred 
by  Sender.   Baskets  and  Labels  supplied.    References  given. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 
NUBSEBYMEN.  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,    Covent    Garden,    W.C.    are    open    to    RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 


WANTED,  Large  PALMS,  TREE  FERNS, 
and  other  large  ORNAMENTAL  FOLIAGED  PLANTS, 
in  EXCHANGE  for  ORCHIDS  or  OTHER  PLANTS.  Send  full 
particulars  to 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  COMPANY  (John 
Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston, 
Liverpool. 


JOHN       ADOLPHUS        PRIOR 
is  anxiously  SOUGHT  by  an  OLD  FRIEND,   who  his 
something  to  communicate  which  may  interest  him. 

Address.  C  Hopcraft  &  Co..  1.  Mincing  Lane,  E.C. 


CUT    ROSES.— Buds    and    Blooms,    choicest 
varieties,  Tea  and  H.P.,  well  adapted  for  Buttonholes 
and  Bouquet  work,  6j.  per  100.     Cash  with  order. 

WILLIAM  CAUDWELL,  The  Ivies,  Wantage. 


Begonias  a  Specialty. 

LAING'S  BEGONIAS.— Awarded  the  Jubilee 
Gold  Medal  at  Manchester,  and  two  Gold  Medals  by  the 
Royal   Horticultural    Society   previously,    also  26    First-clasa 
Certificates  this  season,  to  our   novelties,  being  evidence   of 
quality.     Descriptive  Price  LIST  free  on  application. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

Rhododendrozis. 

JOHN  WATERER  and  SON'S  EXHIBITION 
of  these  Plants  is  now  on  View  Daily,  at  the  Gal-dens  of 
Cadogan  Place,  Sloane  Street. 

Admittance,  One  Shilling. 

Fema— Fema— FeniB. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS— "  PTERIS."    LONDON. 

RIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— 

Eighteenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain.  Is.  6(i.  per  dozen  ;  10s.  per  100.  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Volonte  Nationale  alba, 
the  best  winter  white  PELARGONIUM,  strong  rooted  plants. 
Is.  each, 

JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

ERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY.— 

The  very  best  for  forcing.  Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

PEONIES. — A  very  choice   Collection    may 
now  be    seen    in    bloom    at  the   "  Newton "  Nurseries 
(Chester),  of  Messrs.  JAJIES  DICKSON  iXD  SONS. 

Hyacintlis,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now   ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.   SILBERKAD  and    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamserops  excelsa.  and  Phcenix  recUnata — from  lOj.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

Miss  Jollffe  Carnation. 
B.  MAY  has  a  splendid  stock  of  Flowering 

Plants  of  this  popular  variety,  from  95.  per  dozen. 

Dvson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS— ■■  PTERIS."    LONDON. 

STRAWBERRIES  for  Forcing.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sampleof  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3d.— W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

axton'sInoblestrawberry,  f.c.c. 

—The  Trade  and  others  desirous  of  seeing  T.  Laxton's 
New  Strawberries  now  in  Fruit  at  Girtford,  Sandy,  are  re- 
quested to  apply  for  cards  to  view  to 

T.  LAXTON.  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower.  Bedford. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 
AND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

lELD    AND    HEARSON'S    NICOTYL 

VAPORISER.  For  the  Destruction  ot  Aphis,  &o., 
WITHOUT  SMOKE.    CATALOGUE  post-free. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S..   76i,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
E.C. ;  Dep6t,  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E. 


H 


H 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  2,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Thursday  Next. -(Sale  No.  7440.) 
BIPOETED  nnd  ESTABLISHED  COLOMBIAU  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION ut  his  Great  Rooms,  rw,  Kiiij;  St.,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C.,  on  THURSD.W  NEXT,  July  7,  at  halt-pa.^t 
13  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  lot  of  Imported  and  Established 
OECHIDS,  collected  and  sent  home  by  Mr.  Chas.  Patin, 
of  Antioquia,  comprising  Lielia  Patinii,  Bollea  Patinii  and 
B.  Lalindei,  Uropedium  Lindeni,  Anguloa  Clowesii  and  A. 
Ruckeri,  Oncidium  Schlimii,  Honllettia  odoratissima,  Odon- 
toglossum  Wallisi,  O.  ramossissimum,  Catnsetnm  and  Cyrto- 
podium  species,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  R;nlo,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.-(SaleNo.  7440.) 
CONSIGN.MENT  uf  UKA/.l I.IAN    OECUIDS,  received  direct. 

MK.  J.  C.  STliVKXS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  hi^  Up;, I  i;...!,,,.  .:^.  Kiiiu' 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  Tl  11  1;-<I '  \\'  MAI",  .'nl\  ;. 
some  tine  pieces  of  LJ5LIA  PERKIMI,  I.,  U  V  Y  \  N  V ,  '  V  II- 
LEYA  GlirrATA,  C.  LABIATA,  MIl.l'iMA  rl,(  .w  l:-i||. 
ONCIDIUM  ROGERSII,  O.  CRISl'U.U,  o.  HiKBESl,  ice, 
from  Brazil:  a  consignment  of  lONOPSIS  PANICULATA  in 
line  condition,  &c. 

On  view  raornins  of  Sale,  and  Catalofrues  had. 

Thursday  Next.-(S»ie  No.  7440.) 

The  reraaininj!  pnrliuii  ul  tl,.-  Cui„i^.umerit  of  CATTLEYA 
MENDElFi,  cull.i  li-.l  l.v  Mr.  Milliiaw.  and  sold  by  order  of 
R.  B.  Whit'-.  E-<4.,  conipn^in;^  many  well-leaved  and 
distinct-looking  pieces. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38, 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
,7nly  7. 

On  view  mnrnini!  of  S:il...  nnd  Catalogues  bad. 

Special  Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  next  SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  (lower  and 
bud  will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  1.3,  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will 
send  p.arHculars  not  later  than  THURSDAY  NEXT. 

Notice  of  Sale. 

To  NOBLEMEN,   GENTLKMEN,   ORNAMENTAL    GARDEN 

OWNERS. 

Road  widening  to  60  feet.    Pulling  down  under  Compulsory 

Powers. 

.ABSOLUTE   SALE. 

MR.  J.  A.  SMITH,  having  settled  the  claim 
re  Elmes  and  the  Jlctropolitun  Board  of  Works,  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  WEDNESDAY,  July  6,  at  1  o'clock. 
the  First  Portion  of  tlie  HEALTHY  and  ATTRACTIVE 
GROWING  STOCK,  upon  the  Prenii--,  th..  Fx.ifi.-  Nursery, 
196,  Hammersmith  Road,  W.,  coni|.i  in,     i    i   ■  ■  1  :  mi  -    I  .  111-, 

&c.,  of  choice  descriptions,  includiij  ■    \.,:,i.m.  j        .-        .1, 

Pteris,    various    Aspleniums.    ami    -  ,1'  1  .       !      n- 

eladtica.  Begonia  Rex,   Cacti,   Oh- ;■  r-.    Ali.    ,   1   h  )i,,;     n-. 

Pelargoniums  and  other  Geraniums.  Fuchsias.  Gloxinias. 
specimen  Yuc.:a,  Palms,  Polypodiums,  and  otliers  worthy  of 
notice,  adapted  for  ea.sy  removal  and  without  risk. 

Viewed  the  day  prior  and  mornins  of  Sale.  Catalogues  on 
the  Prenu^i-s,  ami  at  Mr.  J.  A.  S^IIITH'S  Aucliun.  Land  and 
Estate  iillirrs.  nil.  H.UL, iwr,tnitli  Kml,  Ihiiiirijrr-iiiith,  W. 


Upton  Park,  adjoining  Boleyn   Castle,  close  to  the 


Rail 


;ity. 


J  Florists,  Builders,  and  Land  Compani 

MR.  RICHARD  J.  COLLIER  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  Marl.E.C.on  WEDNESDAY,  July  20, 
at  2  o'clock,  a  conip.u  t  FREEHOLD  ESTATE,  known  as  the 
Upton  Park  Nur- 


and    other   buil 


f)  I 


dth 


Greenhous 
\w  whole  comprising   about 
s  to  Green  Street  and  Red- 
diate  development 


and  the  Land 


3J  acres,  fronting  Redclyffe  Roads,  developed  without  inter- 
ference therewith.    With  vacant  possession. 

Particulars  and  plans  may  be  had  of  Messrs.  RIVINGTON 
AND  SON,  Solicitors  1,  Fenchurch  Buildings,  E.C. ;  at  the 
Mart,  and  of  tin'  Au,  linn,',  r.  L's.  Finsbury  Pavement,  E.C. 


Brixton.  "Clearance  Sale. 

SALE  POSTPi  iNKIi  Imiii  WEDNESDAY,  JUNE  15  to 

WEDNESD-IY,  JULY  6. 

IMPORTANT     to     the     TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The 
Nursery,  No.  114.  Loughborough  Road,  Brixton,  S.W.,  on 
WEDNESDAY,  July  6,  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  the 
■whole  of  the  stock  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
including  3000  Palms  of  sorts,  4000  Ferns,  HORSE,  two  VANS, 
and  UTENSILS  in  Trade. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  had  on  the  Premises ;  of 
Messrs.  PATERSON  AXD  SONS,  Solicitors,  26,  Bouverie  Street, 
E.C;  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  (18,  Cheap- 
side,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


Friday  Next. 

IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS   are 
instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sand.Tl,.  slOi.l,  L,    VI  i   llns.iit 
th£ir  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  i;s,  t  li.ii.  I     ;  I    i  .. 

on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  «,  at  half  i-i-l    !-■   ■'  :.. 

splendid  importations  of  the  follmMiih'  in'  h'  i  ■  ilui  li- 
ORCHIDS,  just  received,  the  whole  in  ijtceplioiialiy  hue 
condition  : — 


Zygop'-tnliini  rostratnn 
Cyrtopodiiini,  probably 
Oncidium  Papilio  maju 


surcodei 


Oiiciiliuiu   ocLuhitum    macro- 

chilum 
Odontoglossum  hastilablum 
Vanda  Deniscniana 
Also  a  line  lot  ot  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  or  in  BUD, 
Ou  vitw  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Tuesday  Next. 

IMPORTED  and   ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 
To  the  Trade  and  Large  Buyers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67 
aiidss*.  Cheapside.  Loudon,  E.G.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  b. 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  preciselv. 

Importations  ot  CATTLEYA  SUPERBA  SPLENDENS,  the 
true  Rio  Negro  variety;  CATTLEYAS  from  the  Amazon,  in- 
cluding C  Eldorado,  C.  Eldorado  splendens,  and  C  Wallisii, 
and  Sophronitis  grandillora,  the  whole  in  splendid  condition, 
for  Sale,  by  order  of  Mr.  6.  F.  White. 

l.W  Lots  of  ORCHIDS,  the  whole  collected  by  Mr,  Charles 
Patin,  of  Antioquia,  and  now  well  established,  consisting  of 
Lrelia  Patinii,  Bollea  Patinii,  Oncidium  macranthum,  O.  ra- 
mossissimum,  O.  Schlimii,  &c. 

A  consignment  of  Orchids  from  Ceylon  consisting  of  new 
and  rare  varieties  of  Cymbidiums,  Aisrides,  &c.  Some  have 
already  flowered,  and  are  unknown.  The  plants  are  now  semi- 
established  and  many  may  be  in  flower  on  day  of  Sale. 

Triniortittions  of  Orchids  received  direct  for  unreserved  sale 
I  i.ni[.ii-iii(,'  200  Odontoglossum  pulchellum,  200  O,  CErstidii, 
liiii  I'.ri-driii  data,  loo  Cattleya  labiata.  ic. 

A  siuilII  private  collection  of  Established  Orchids  from  the 
North,  iic. 

Ou  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


WANTED  TO  RENT,  early  VINERIES,  with 
other  Greenhouses  attached,  for  Growingfor  Market. — 
Particulars  to  RAINBIRD'S  Nursery.  Manor  Lane,  Lee.  Kent. 

0  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  through  ill-health,  a 

genuine  FLORIST,  FRUITERER,  and  GREEN- 
GROCER'S, with  Jobbing  attached,  suitable  for  one  com- 
mencing.   Same  hands  eight  years.    Small  Incoming. 

Apply.  2,  St.  Ann's  Road,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


FOR  SALE,  a  good  established  SEED  and 
NURSERY  BUSINESS  in  Y'orkshire.  There  is  a  large 
and  profitable  Farm  and  Market  Garden  Business  done,  as  well 
as  a  Branch  Shop  in  n  most  fashionable  Watering  Place.  To  a 
practical  business  man  with  capital  this  is  a  rare  opportunity. 
If  not  Disposed  of,  a  suitable  PARTNER  may  be  taken. 

For  full  particulars.  &c..  address,  S.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E.C. 


FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imnes 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-known  NURSERY 
BUSINESS  so  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 


To  Florists. 
'■pO  BE  LET,  for  the  Culture  and  Exhibition 

X  of  Flowers  and  Plants  under  Glass,  an  extensive  area  of 
LAND  adjoining  Kennington  Park,  in  front  of  South  Place  and 
Newington  Terrace. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  MEYNELL  AND  PEMBERTON,  Solicitors, 
20,  Whitehall  Place,  S.W. ;  or,  to  Messrs.  BRIANT  and  SONS, 
Estate  Agents,  200,  Keunington  Park  Road,  S.E. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 

BUSINE.SSES  to  bi-  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL   REGISTER   contains   full   parti- 
culars of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  OS,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


GREAT       SALE       OF 

O  R  C  H  J  D  S 

STOVE  &,  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

have  just  purchased  two  of  the  largest  and  finest  Collections  of 
ORCHIDS  and  STO\'E  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Liverpool;  these  Collections  include  many 
fine  specimens  and  varieties  of  Orchids,  and  many  grand 
specimens  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  some  of 
which  are  not  excelled  by  any  in  the  country. 

The  Company  have  also  recently  purchased  another  very  fine 
private  collection  of  ORCHIDS. 

These  COLLECTIONS  are  now  on  SALE  at  the  Vineyard 
and  Nurseries. 

Priced  and  Descriptive  CATALOGUES  will  be  sent  Post- 
free  on  application. 

The  Catalogue  also  includes  the  remaining  portion  of  the 
"  HARVEY  "  COLLECTION,  and  other  ORCHIDS. 

INSPECTION   IS   EARNESTLY   INVITED. 

Orders  trill  be  executed  strictly  in  rotation. 


THE  VINEYARD    &:.    NURSERIES, 
GARSTON,  NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


K 


^=^    EL    WAY         AND         SON. 

KELWAY'S    "MODEL"    CALCEOLARIA. 
KELWAY'S    "MODEL"    CINERARIA. 
Price  of  Seed  on  application. 
Laugport,   Somerset. 

WIOETON  has  still  some  very  large 
•  SPECIMENS,  fit  for  Exhibition  or  Immediate 
Decoration— DRAC.ENA  LFNDENI  and  LINEATA  (true), 
ARECAS,  KENTIAS,  SEAFORTHIAS,  LATANIAS,  from  10 
to  lo  feet,  in  fine  cr,n-lition. 

W.  ICETON,  PuCiieyPark  Lane,  S.W.,and  Stands  129  and 
130,  Coveut  Garden,  W.C. 


GARDENERS'  ORPHAN  FUND. 

N  OTIC  E. 

The  FIRST  GENERAL  MEETING 
of  the  Supporters  of  this  Fund  will  be  held  in 
the  Conservatory  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  South  Kensington, S.W.,  on  TUESDAY, 
July  12,  at  3  P.M.,  to  receive  and  adopt  the 
Report  of  the  Provisional  Committee,  as  a  basis 
upon  which  to  establish  the  Gardeners'  Orphan 
Fund ;  to  elect  Officers,  Executive  Committee,  &c. 

It  is  hoped  that  all  sympathisers  with  the 
movement  will  mike  it  convenient  to  attend. 

A.  F.  BARRON,  Hon.  Secretary. 


CHEAP  PICEA  NORDMANNLANA,  1a  to 
2  feet,  10s,  per  dozen ;  2  to  2^  feet,  155.  per  dozen  ;  2J  to 
3  feet,  24.S.  per  dozen ;  3  to  3^  feet,  30s.  per  dozen.  All 
EVERGREENS  and  FRUIT  TREES  cheap ;  CURRANTS  and 
GOOSEBERRIES  from  7s.  6rf.  per  100.  25  per  cent,  discount 
allowed  for  cash  to  clear.    For  LIST  apply 

T.  L.  MAYOS,  Highfield  Nurseries,  Hereford. 

Q  AMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Flohist,  Prospect 

O    House,  III 'I'T,  li  1 1.   liir,'.  begs  to  offer  the  following,  of 
which  he  ni :iU 

PRtMUH^  'I   !    1        PRIMULAS.  — Grand  Premier 

Prize  and  Cm.       '  iii-  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 

Pure  White.  1  .      I;      ,  <,iliiion.  Crimson,  &c.    Finelarge 

trusses  and  In  I  .  Illuwers;  strong  plants,  to  bloom 

well,  l.!.3rf.  i"!  ':        r.iiig.  Is.fiii.;  9s.perl00.    Allfree. 

CINERARIA^  .  l\l.l;\l;[AS  —  CINERARIAS.— Bull's 
celebrated  pri/e  ^.lia.i,.  -Usarf,  compact  habit  and  most 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants. 
Is.  M  per  dozen ;  extra  strong.  Is,  6rf. ;  Vis.  per  100.    All  free, 

CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN.  —  Same  grand 
strain  and  from  the  same  celebrated  growers  that  I  have  sent 
out  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  with  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit.  1  year  old  plants,  Is.  id. 
per  dozen  ;  extra  strong.  2s. ;  10s.  per  100.  All  carriage  free. 
SAMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper. 

Trade  Offer  of  Palms  and  Ferns. 

ADIANTU.M  FARLEYEXSE,  and  A. 
MACROI'HYLLII.M  ;  DORYOI'TERIS  PALMATA. 
ASPARAGUS  P.  NANUS— many  thou3ands.inthumbsand48'9. 

ARECA  LUTESCENS  and  ARECA  SANDERII  (new,  from 
Mad.agascar),  COCOS  WEDDELLIANA.  LATANIA  BOR- 
BONICA,  SEAFORTHIAS,  KENTIAS,  EUTERPE  EDULIS. 
PHCENIX  RUPICOLA;  also  a  New  PHCENK,  in  the  way  of 
rupicola. 

Prices  on  application  to  W.  ICETON,  Putney  Park  Lane 
S.W.,  and  129  and  130,  Flower  Stands,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


10,000 


To  the  Trade. 
ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  extra 


New  Roses  In  Fots. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  sorts  now  ready, 
Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA     and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  5-inch  pots,  carefxilly 

piicked  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  15*. 
HALF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  8j. 
EWING  AND  CO., 
Sea  View   Nurseries,    Havant,    Hampshire. 

QA   (\{\{\    CLEMATIS,   in  Pots,   of   all   the 

Ol/^V/v'V/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  245.  per  dozen,  strong 
plauts;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  S^inr-h  pots,  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


R 


OSES         IN         POTS. 

HYBRID  PERPETUALS,  all  leading  varieties,  bushy 
plants  for  Bedding-out,  10s.  6rf.  per  dozen.  76s.  per  100. 
CLIMBING   ROSES,    Marechal     Niel,     Devoniensis,    W.    A. 
Richardson,  and  all  most  suitable  varieties,  strong 
plants  with  long  shoots,  16s.  per  dozen. 
NEW  ROSES,  Her  Majesty,  TheBride,  Clara  Cochet,  American 
Beauty,  W.  F.  Bennett,  Ye  Primrose  Dame,  and  all 
best  varieties  of  1886-1887,  24s.  to  30s.  per  dozen. 
TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  SINGLE  ROSES,  FAIRY  ROSES,  a 
complete  collection. 
LIST  of  Roses  in  Pots,  Bedding  Plants,  &c.,  postfree. 
GEO.    COOLING    and    SONS,    The    Nur.serie3,    Bath. 

IR  WATKIN '  is  the  best  and  largest  Nar-  " 

"  ciss,  also  deliciously  scented.    Special  prices  also  '' 

"  of  '  Emperor  '  Narciss,  and  all  other    Flowering   Bulbs  on  " 

JAS,''diCKs6n  «5  SONS, "  Newton  "  Nurseries,  Chester. 

Sow  Now  for  Early  Flowering  In  Spring.    _ 
poEMl'lirrf    (>UI'KK15     PUIZE     I'A.NSIES. 

Jl  Vi     l-'s"  Till-  fiiw^t  strniii  of  Pausics  in  the  worl.l.  ^ 
CAT.VLiHirE  Rratis  and  post-free  on  application. 
FRIEDR.  KOE.MER,  Seed  Grower,  Quedlinburg,  Germany. 


July  2,  1887.J 


f 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


SPECIAL  OFFER  OF  ORCHIDS 

See  previous  issue  of  June  25,  18o7. 

The  undermentioued  are  all  good  established  Plants,  clean  ami 

healtliy,  aiul  will  be  certain  to  give  satisfaction.     Better  value 

cannot  be  obtained  aujrvvhere  in  the  Trade. 

C,  Cool;  I,  Intermediate;  S.  Stove.    Each. 

6'DeDdrobium  bigibbum  ...  4  to  5  bulbs,  35.  lid.,  os.,  7s.  dd. 

.S  Calceolaria       6  to  10    „    bs.,  7s.  6d. 

I  Cambridgeanum         ...  4  to  o      „    2s.  Qd.,  3s.  6rf..  Tn". 

/  chryiyinthum 4  to  6       „     3s.  6d.,  fis. 

I  chry<otox\iju     6  to  8       „     3s.  6rf.,  5s. 

.V  crassinode  4  to  5       „     Ss.  6d.,  bs. 

I  crepidatum       4  to  6       „     Bs.  6d.,  ba. 

I  cretnceum         4  to  6       ,,     3s.  6rf.,  5s. 

6'  Dalhousianum 8  to  10     „     5s.,  7s.  tjd.,  lOs.  6d. 

.V  Dearei      o  to  6       „     3s.  6rf.,  5s. 

/  Devonianum      5  to  6       „     3s.  6£f.,  5s. 

.V  Draoouis 4  to  (3      „    2s.  Gd.,  3s.  tjd. 

.y  Falconeri  ...        ...lOtoU    „    5s„7s.  tirf.. 

/  fimbriatum       8  to  10    „    5s.,  7s.  «rf. , 

/  ,.    occulata  ...        ...  5  to  ti      „    3s.  6*.,  bs.,  7s.  6d. 

if  formosum  giganteum...  5  to  S       ,,     2/l3,  3/6,  5/-,  7/ti. 

/  Fvtchianum     5  lo  7       .,     2s.  6d.,  3s.  Gd. 

A"  hedyosmum       ...       .  ....  &  to  G,      „     2s;  6rf.,  'As.  6d. 

I  heterocnrpura 5  to  6       „     3s.  6rf.,  5s. 

/  infundibulura 5  to  l3       „     3s.  6rf.,  5s. 

/  Jamesianum     5  to  6       „     3s.  6(/.,  5s. 

/  luteolum  5  to  6      „     2s.  Gd.,  Stt.  6d.- 

I  moschatuin       5  to  7       .,     5s.,  7s.  6d. 

I  uobile,  undowered  plantsfrom importation,  5  to  7  bulb^^ 

6s.,  7s.  6d. 

I  nodatum  12  to  15  bulbs,  3s.  H.,  5s. 

/  Panyhi 5  to  ij       ,,     5s. 

/  Pierardi 5  to  6       ,,     2s.Gd.,Zs.<od. 

latifolium  6  to  7       ,.     5s.,  7s.  tjrf. 

/  primulinum  giganteum  4  to  6       ,,     5s. 

/  pulchellum       10  to  13     ,,     :is.  Gd.,  5s. 

/  thyrsirlorum     «i  to  7       ,,     3s.  Gd..  bs.,7s.  Gd. 

I  Wardianum.  strong    ...  4  to  6       „     216,  3/6.  7/6. 

/Epidendrum  macrou'hilum   ...6  to  7      ..    3s.  6rf.,  5s, 

/  nemorale...        6  to  7       ,,     5s.,  7s.  Gd. 

I  Stamfordianum  ...  4  to  (i       ,.     5s.,  7s.  6rf. 

C  vitellinum  miijus        ...  6toS       ,.     :is.  Gd.,  bs. 

/Galeandi-a  Bauri         2  to  3       ,,     5s..  7s.  Gd. 

To  be  continued  in  next  issue  of  this  Journal. 
Apply  for  Special  LIST  to 

VI.       GORDON, 

I'LANT  raPORTER.  THE  NURSERIES, 
TWICKENHAM,    MIDDLESEX. 

Experienced  Gardeners  recommeuded. 
The  beat  ORCHID  PEAT  to  be  had,  per  sack,  5s.  Gd. ;  in 
trucks,  in  lots  of  2  Tons  and  upwards,  price  on  application, 

"HARTLAND'S"lrish  Grown  DAFFODILS. 

CORK.  IRELAND. 

LISTS  now  readv.      •\Vhole^ile  .in.l  Retail  Offers. 

GRAND    BULBS    of     'GIANT    IRISH    PRINCESS," 

for  FoFL'iug.    Grown  on  miiiden  loam. 


TO  THE  SEED  TRADE. 


w 


LAWSON'S  FIELD  ROOT  SEEDS 

PETER  LAWSON  &  SON 

(LIMITED). 

SEED  GROWERS  and  MERCHANTS, 
EDINBURGH, 

"Will  be  glad  to  submit  special  offers  of  their 
well-known  stocks  of  SWEDE,  YELLOW, 
HYBRID,  and  WHITE-FLESH  TURNIPS. 
Also  select  MANGELS  of  superior  quality. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUES  upon  application. 

Please  address — 
PETER   LAWSON  &  SON  (Limited), 
EDINBURGH. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE,   containing   "Hints   on  Fern 

Cultivation."  \s. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  ot  over  1300  species  and  varieties. 

includiiia:    Descriptive      "List    of    New,    Rare,    and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "Hardy  North  American  Fekns," 

free  on  applicat'On. 


W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


SUTTON'S  SEEDS 

GEMUINEOWIYDIRECTFROM  READING. 


CARTERS' 

HOLBOBN     PRIZE 

PRIMULA. 

AWARDED 

Silvtr    Bauksiaii    Modal, 
KovalHorticulturalSoc.    1S87 

The  Highest  Prize  Medal, 
Ceylon      1885 

First  Prize  (open  to  Eng- 
land) Crystal  Palace    ...    1884 

Baiiksian     Prize     Medal, 
Koyal  Horticultural  Soe.     188.3 
FINEST    JIIXED    SEED,    all  colours. 

Price  Is.  6d.,  2s.  6d.,  33.  6d.,  &  6s.  pkt.,  post-free. 


Sekdsme.v  to  H.M.  thk  QrEEy  and  H.R.H.  the 
Pbi>ce  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


New  Fern,  Adlantum  cuneatum  elegans. 

CHAKLKS  KL:K8ILV^\'  now  offers  this 
beautiful  FERN,  which  will  probably  supersede  all  others 
for  cutting  and  decorative  purposeji.  Mr.  Moore  ^aya  : — "  Thia 
is  an  elegant  variety  of  the  old  favourite  Adiantum  cuneatum  ; 
its  light  airy  appearance  gives  it  a  perfect  claim  to  the  title  of 
el^Mins  whicn  we  propose  to  apply  to  it." 

Extra  strong  plants,  a  foot  acro*.s,  with  from  30  to  50  fronds, 
each,  2s.  Gd.,  or  free  per  parcel  -post,  3*.    Price  to  the  Trade 


CHARLES  KERSHAW.  The  Sl^ad  Syke  Nu 


,  Brigho' 


15,000  TEA  ROSES, 

Consisting  of  the  following:  and  numerous 

other  varieties, 

All  flue  plants,  in  5}  and  6  incli  pots  :— 


Makicchal  Nii:l 

Perle  des  Jardixs 

Safrano 

Reine  Marie  Henriette 

COMTESSE  DK  NaDAILLAC 

Souvenir  d'un-  Ami 
Oathicrine  Mermet 
Homere 

Waltham  Climber  No.  1 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam 
W.  A.  Richardson 
I'ERLE  de  Lyon 
Etoile  de  Lyos 
Madame  Lambard 
Devosie.vsis 


SoLVKNiR  DE  Paul  Nebon 

ISABKLLA  SPRUXT 

Madam  Bratv 

Waltham  Climber  No.  2 

Sunset 

Niphetos 

Gloire  de  Dijon 

Madame  Cusine 

Thi:  Pet 

Duke  of  Connaught 

Adam 

Alba  rosea 

GOl-EAULT 

Waltham  Climber  No.  a 
Climbing  Devoniensis 


12s.,  15s.,  &  18s.  per  doz.,  according  to  size. 
The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be 
unsurpassed  by  any  in  the  cpuntry :  they  are 
clean,  healthy,  and  vigorous,  and,  should  any 
purchaser  be  dissatisfied  with  them,  they  may  be 
at  once  returned. 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

LISTSj  with  full  pa/'ticulars,  post-free,  on 

application  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE    VINEYARD    &    NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,  NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 

SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  "Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S    ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

\J  TBACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—Too  well  knoivn  to  require  descrip- 
tion. Price,  6s.  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  6rf.  per 
cake  ,  free  by  parcel  post.  Is. 

None  eeuuiiie  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
eut-losed  withoursignatureattached. 

WM  CUTBUSH  ASP  SON 
(Limited).    Nurserymen    and    Seed 


t^  Merchants,  Hitjhgate  Nurseiies,  N. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE 

4rf.  per  bushel ;  lOO  for  25s. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
JOs. ;  4-bu-shel  bags,  id.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FfflROUS  PEAT,  5s.  U.  per  sack ;  5  sacks, 
25s. :  sacks,  id.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  5  sacks,  22s. ;  socks, 
id.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  M.  per  bushel ;  16s.  per  half 
ton :  26s.  per  ton.  in  2-bushel  bags.  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHA(JNUM  MOSS,  8s.  id.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  .-ulled  17a.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

The  Best  Manure  for  all  Horticultural  Purposes  is 
l^ICHARD     MANN     and     CO.'S 

Al  UNIVERS/U,    FERTILISER. 

It  is  the  most  effective  and  permanent  fertiliser  in  the 
market.  We  have  taken  over  1000  First  Prizes  for  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables  grown  with  this  Manure.  In 
tins.  Is.  ;  bags,  7  lb.,  2s.  6rf.  ;  14  lb.,  4s.  6i.  ;  28  lb.,  7s.  id. ; 
56  lb..  13s.  id. ;  112  lb..  20s.,  all  carriage  paid.  We  also 
supply  finest  quality  Fish  Guano,  pure  Dissolved  Bones,  and 
Cruslied  Bones,  in  1  cwt.  bags.  10s..  carriage  paid.  Dr. 
Voelcker's  Analysis  guaranteed.    (i)ash  with  order. 

RICHARD  MANN  and  CO.,  Howden,  East  Y-orkshire. 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJ/VMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75a,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.G.,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    Dep6t ;  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegra>is— '■  Floricultltrk.  London."    Established  1854. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 


BROWN  FIBROUS  KENT  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack ;  5  for  22s.  U. 
BEST  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s.  U.  per  sack;  6  for  20s. 
COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  of  best  quality.  Is.  id.  per  bushel ; 
14s.  per  half  ton;  25s.  per  ton,  PEAT  MOULD,  YELLOW 
FIBROUS  LOAM,  each  Is,  per  bushel ;  3s.  per  sack.  PURE 
LEAF  MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel ;  4s.  per  sack.  Best  fresh  COCIOA- 
NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE,  Is,  3i.  per  sack ;  10  for  10s.;  15  for  14s.  ; 
20  for  ISs.  ;  30  for  25s. ;  2-ton  truck,  free  on  rail,  25s.  SPHAG- 
NU.M  MOSS,  2s.  per  bushel,  6s.  per  sack.  HORTICULTURAL 
CHARCOAL,  2s.  H.  per  bushel ;  8s.  persiick.  BEST  RAFFIA, 
Is.  per  lb. ;  7  lb.  6s.  id.  CRUSHED  BONES.  GUANO  and 
othei  "  -'  -       " 

CANES,  and  POTTING  COMPOSTS,  ready  ! 
RUSSIA  MATS,  from  12s.  to  zls.  jier  dozen.  SPECLALIIE 
TOBACCO  CLOTH  and  PAPER,  id.  per  lb. ;  28  lb.  tor  ISs. ; 
66  lb.  for  .3.5s. ;  1  cwt.  for  67s.  The  best  in  the  market.  Price 
List  poit^frse.  Terms— caah  with  order.- W.  HERBERT  AND 
CO.,  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses,  South warkStreet, London,  S.E. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Pbizi!  Medal 
Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  librous    ...    5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  id. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous      ...  4s.  6rf.    ,,        5  sacks  for  20s, 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    6s.  id.    „        6  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     "i 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best      (is.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  (         (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  id.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    Si;  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Speoialite)      id.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack ...    5s.  per  bushel. 

CHUBB-S"PEBFECT"FER--i  In  bags. 

TELISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  . ^ ^ 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  (Tins,  71b.  141b.  281b.  661b.  1  cwt. 
Fruits,  Vegetables,  &o.     ...)    1/6    3/-    5/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality        1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quiility  only        —    3/-    6/6    10/6    17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  id.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  Is.  each ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks.  13s. ;  20  sacks.  17s. ; 
30  sacks.  25s. ;  40  sacks,  30s,  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G..  special  qualitv.  granulated, 
in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictlv  Cash  w'lth  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &    CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

MEGHI'S  SOOT  AND  SEWAGE  MANURE. 

A  dry  powder,   carefully  manufactured  by 
Mechi's  process, 

WHICH  IS  DISTINCT  FROaM  ALL  OTHERS. 
The  very  best  Manure  for  Roots,  Gra.^,^,  Potatos,  Wheat,  Barley, 

Oats,  Turnips,  Mangels,  Fruit,  Vegetable.s,  Hops,  &c. 
DESTROYS  WIREWORMS,  SLUGS,  INSECTS,  aud  GRUBS. 

35a.  per  Ton  loose  ;   40s.  per  Ton  in  bags  ; 
4s.  per  Cwt.  in  bag. 

Delivered  Free  on  Rail  or  Boat. 

Extract  from  the  London  Daily  Chronicle,  Jan.  6, 18S7. 

"The  Metropolis  Sewage  Company  succeeded  in  proving  that 
sewage  rendered  a  poor  grauel  farm  o/'2(Ji)  acres  or  aoo  acres  the 
most  productive  piece  of  land  in  the  United  Kingdom.   They  had 

S'owu  superb  Strawberries  of  very  good  fla\our,  cjipitol  Com, 
aize  15  feet  high,  and  Vegetables  as  good  as  Coveut  Garden 
ever  exhibited." 

Post-o^ice  Orders  pat/able  at  Mark  Lane. 

69  and  70,  MAKK  LANE,  LONDON,  E.G. 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JniY  2,  1887. 


Orchid  Peat- a  Specialty  r 

WWOOU  AND  SON  are  now  cutting  from 
•    THE  NEW  ESTATE  fthe  only  estate  celebrated  for 
its  special  quality  of  ORCHID  PEAT). 

Seud  for  Sample.    Special  Quotations. 
Wood  Green,  London,  N. 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Tlirip.  Mealy 

Bug,  Caterpillars,  dc  dc. 
PERFECTLY  )  ^°  ^^^^  Hands  and  Skin,  but  mil  cure 
u«ni>i>r-<c.    1   Hini;worin  in  Animals,  and  all  Diseases 
HAKIVILCdS   J   produced  liy  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  ronil'in^ition  iif  llvdrocTrhon  Oils,  made  soluMe  in 
W.ir.i,  tor  Destroyiiis  ALL  INSERTS  &  PARASITES 
thai  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  Mlntlic-r  at  tiio  Roots  or 
on  the  i''i)liaffi>. 

Sold  bv  S ismPH  an  1  (li.-mists,  Is.  r,,l.  fs.  r,\.  &  4s.  M  ; 

i  i-'alliin  7s.  i;a,  1  -:ill.,u  I'Js  lid.  c.r  Ins- ni  l.iiKrr  qmiutities. 
A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  ."S  an  INSECTICIDE, 
its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 
on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES.  Manchester. 

Whnlosale:  Hu..i-er  i-  0... ;  Cany,  Soper,  Fowler  &  Co.; 
C.  E.  OsMAN  &  Co  ;  an.i  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chants and  Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses,    NEW 


YORK— EOLKEB  &  Soss, 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 


Throw.i  a  fine 
■ytrni/  20  ft.,  and 
ajd  30  ft.,  ivith 
great  force. 

A  splendid 
substitute  for  the 
Syringe  for  tising 
Insecticide,  Price 
25«.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
purposes,  45s. 
P  Carrias^e  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

I^APHIGIDE 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&creamcolorSHADING 

Convenient,  Inexpensive— Easily  npplifil— La^-fs  all  the 

Hummer,  and  can  then  be  easily  wa-^ln-d  oil.    \s  ,  post  l  .■}. 

For  Fixing  Bloom  of  Azaleas,     U  |  ■  ^\ m_n  pa ^\  ■ 

&c.,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.         ri  U  ^  fI  kd 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  ^eat  boon  tf.  Florists  and  all  lovers  of  Flowers.    Dries 
instantly.    fi«\i  in  bottles.  Is.  &  2s.    I'er  post  .Id.  extra, 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

I-'n  Fir  \'.niii)- \'ine8  Bleeding  after  I'runinff. 
\eryfn,.,.tiril  m  pi.  venting  the  Howof  sap  in  Vines  beini? 

wasted.    In  bottles  10  and  2'(i.    Per  post,  .Id.  extra. 
For  Destroying  Beetles,  Cockroaches,    U  9  I P  U  T  d 
Crickets,  Bugs,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &e.    nUunCd 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  effectual  in  Greenhouses,— for  Animals  and  Bed 
Clothing.     Price,  ed.  Is.  &  ■.VG.     Per  post  .Id.  extra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  ":'l,'ii;',l^^'< 

*r',OTORIA  &  OATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


To  Gardeners, 
3R0CT0R     AND     RY  LAND'S 

Special  Garden  Manures. 
Pure  Ground    Bone    for  Vines,    Potting,    &o. 

lOs.  per  bag  ef  1  ewt.  on  rer,.i|,t  of  I'Ostal  CJrder. 
Hirmingham  and  Cliester. 


PEAT  and  SANU.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6rf.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  16.s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  6s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  id,  per 
bag,    SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 


To  Horticulturists. 
j^OR  SALE,  1  Ton  TuJiACCU  ROPE,  suitable 

for  Fumigating.    Apply, 
r,   L..  Gardeners'  C/ironicle  OIHce,  41,  Wellington  Street, 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 


i\>(p  Edition,    Corrected  up  to  Date, 


THE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO  HtTNDB.ED   AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  SiH  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P,,  Reprinted  from  the  Gardenert'  Chronicle, 


Price   3d.,     Post-free   S^d.  ; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s. ;    fifty,  IDs. ;    and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  delivered,   Carriage  Free,  in  London   only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.    RICHARDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


WORKS  OF  AUTHORITY  ON  BOTANY. 

SIB  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL  DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History, 
and  Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Britain,  together  with  a  full  Explanation  of  Technical 
Terms.     Medium  8vo,  cloth,  price  25». 

BOTANY  FOR  BEGINNERS.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T. 
Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S,,  late  Lecturer  on  Botany  at  St,  George's  Hospital.  With  upwards 
of  100  Illustrations.     Price  3s.  &d. 

LINDLEY'S  SCHOOL  BOTANY.  A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
&c.     "With  400  Illustrations    8vo,  cloth,  price  5i.  6d. 

LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS     OF    BOTANY.     With  Illustrations,     8vo,  cloth,  price  9s. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  AND  (ECONOMICAL  BOTANY.  With  numerous  Illustra- 
tions.    8vo,  cloth,  price  .')», 

LINDLEY'S    DESCRIPTIVE     BOTANY.      For    Self-Instruction    and  the   Use  of  Schools. 

Price  I.S.,  sewed. 

WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 

MRS.     LOUDON'S     LADIES'      COMPANION      TO      THE     FLOWER     GARDEN.      A 

Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  size.     A  New  Edition. 
Fcap.  cloth,  price  7s. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING.  A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  By  AVilliam  Eabley,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "  How 
to  (irow  Asparagus,"  &.c,,  &c.     Crown  8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  4s,  &d, 

HOW     TO     GROW     MUSHROOMS.     By  William  Eablet.     Price  Is.  stitched. 

THE  ART  OF  GROWING  ROSES  OUT-OF-DOORS.  By  Rev,  O.  Fisheb.  Fourth 
Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Price  ].«. 

HOW  TO  GROW  ASPARAGUS.  A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture. 
By  A\'ii,liam  Eablky.     Price  Is.  stitched. 


London:    BRADBURY,    AGNEW,    &   CO.,    Bouverie  Street,  B.C. 


Jdlv  2,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(EstabUshed  1841) 

CONTAINS    ARTICLES    ON    ALL    DEPARTMENTS    OF 

GARDENING, 

NOTICES  OF  ALL  HORTICULTURAL  MATTERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

EEPOETS   of  EXHIBITIONS,    EEVIEWS   of  BOOKS,   and 
HOME,    COLONIAL,   and  FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Original  lUustrations  by  W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,  W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  W.  J.  WELCH,  and  Others. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  the  following,  out    of  many  hundreds, 

may  be  named  : — 


ALPINE  PLAHTS:- 
BACKHOUSE,  J. 
BALL.  J.,  F.R.S. 

CHURCHILL,  G.  C,  Clilton.  Bristol. 
CORREVON.  H.,  Geneva. 
DEWAR.  D..  Kew. 
DOD,  R«r.  C.  W. 
JENKINS,  E.,  Potter. 

AMATEUR    GAKDENINa:- 

BADGER,  E.  W. 

BOYLE.  Hon.  Jlrs.  E.  V.  B. 

■•  S.  BRIGUl." 

BRIGHT,    the   late    H.    A.    ("Xotes 

from  a  Lancashire  Garden"). 
CL.UIKE.  Col.  Trevor. 
EW-BANK.  Kev.  H.,  Eyde. 
LOWNE,  B.  T. 
OWEN,  Mis3,  Knockmullen. 
PHILBRICK,  Q.C. 


ARBOKETUM  :- 

BARRON.  W'.,  Borrowaah, 
LAVALLEE.  Alphonse.  the  late. 
NICHOLSON,  G.,  Curator,  Royal  Gar- 
dens, Kew. 
SARGENT,  Prof.,  Boston,  U.S.A. 
WEBSTER.  A.  D. 
YOUNG,  Maurice. 

BEE-KEEPING  :— 


CHEMISTRY  ■■— 

CHURCH,  Prof.,  Kew. 
DEHERAIN,  Prof.,  Paris. 
DYER.  Bernard. 
GILBERT,  Prof.,  Rothamsted. 
LA  WES,  Sir  .T.,  Rothiunsted. 
WARINGTON,  R.,  Rothamsted. 
WILLIS,  J.  J. 

DISEASES    OF    PLANTS  :- 

ARTHUR,  Prof.,  New  York. 
BASTIAN,  Dr.  Charlton.  F.R.S. 
BEIJERINCK,  Prof.,  Wageningen. 
BERKELEY.  Rev.  M.  J.,  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD,  T.  S..  F.B.S.,  the  late. 
COOKE,  Dr.  M.  C. 
MURRAY,  G.,  British  Museum. 
PAGET,  Sir  James,  F.R.S. 
PHILIPPS,  W. 
PLOWRIGHT,  C.  B.,  (Fungi). 
SMITH,  W.  G. 
SORAUER.  Prof.,  Proskau. 
WARD.    Prof.     Marshall,     School 
Forestry. 


BAKER,  J.  G.,  Royal  Gardens,  Ke-w. 

DRUERY.  C. 

HEMSLEY.  A. 

MOORE,  T.,  Botanic  Gardens,  Chelsea. 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS:— 

DEAN,  R..  Ealing. 
DODWELL.  E.  S.,  Qjdord. 
D'OMBRAIN,  Ei^v.  H.  H. 
DOUGLAS,  J.,  Ilford. 
DOWNIE,  J.,  Edinburgh. 
HORNER,  Rev.  F.  D. 
MOLYNEUX,  E. 
PAUL,  G.,  Paisley. 
TUBIffiB,  C,  the  late. 


FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE  ;- 

ANDRE.  E.,  Paris. 

ANTOINE,  F.,  the  late,  Vienna. 

BENNET.  H..  M.D.,  Mentone. 

BERGMAN,  E.,  Ferriftres. 

BONA  VIA,  C,  Lncknow. 

CARUEL,  Prof.,  Florence. 

CASPARY,  Prof.,  Koenigsberg. 

DE  MAE,  J.  A.,  Boston,  U.S.A. 

DRUDE.  Prof.,  Dresden. 

DUCHARTRE,  Prof.,  Paris. 

EICHLER.    Prof.,    Director,    Imperial 

Botanic  Gardens,  Berlin. 
FENZr.  Cav.  E.,  Florence. 
HANBURY.  T..  Mentone. 
HENRIQUEZ,  Piof.,  Coimbra. 
JOLY,  C  Paris. 
KOLB,  Max,  Munich. 
KRELAGE.  E.  H.,  Haarlem, 
LANGE,  Prof.,  Copenhagen. 
JLEEHAN.  T.,  Philadelphia. 
MONTEIRO,  Chev.,  Lisbon. 
MORREN,  the  late  Prof.,  Liege. 
NAUDIN,  C,  Antibes. 
NELSON.  C.  J.,  Orange  Free  State. 
OLIVEIEA,  J.  D.',  Oporto. 
OLIVER.  Captain  S.  P..  Madagascar. 
PLANCHON,  Prof..  Montpellier. 
PYNAERT.  E..  Ghent. 
EEGEL.  E..  St.  Petersburg. 
EODIGAS.  E.,  Ghent. 
SUEINGAR,  Prof..  Leyden. 
TROUBETZKOI,  Prince  (Eucalyptus). 
VILMORIN,  H.  de,  Paris. 
WITTMACK,  Dr.,  Berlin. 
WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg. 

FORESTRY  :- 

BRACE.  C.  J.,  France. 
FRANCE,  C.  S.,  Aberdeen. 
MICHIE.  C.  Y..  Cullen,  Aberdeen. 
WEBSTER,  A.  D.,  Carnarvonshire. 

FRUIT    CULTURE  :- 

BAERON,  A.  F.,  Chiswick. 
BLACKMORE,  E.  D. 
BUNYARD,  G..  Maidstone,  Kent. 
CHEAL,  J.,  Crawley,  Sussei. 
EIVtRS,  T.  F. 
WARD,  E.,  HeweU  Grange. 

GARDEN    BOTAITY:- 

BAKEE.  J.  G.,  F.R.S. 

BALFOITE,  Prof.,  Oxford. 

BALL.  J.,  F.E.S. 

BENTHAM,  the  late  G..  F.E.S. 

BROWN.  N.  E.,  Herbarium.  Kew. 

BiniBIDGE,  F.  W.,  Botanic  Gardens, 

Dublin. 
CL.VRKE,  Col.  Trevor. 
CLARKE,  C.  B.,  F.E.S. 
COOKE.  Dr.  (Fungi). 
CORNU,  Prof.  Mai,  Paris. 
DECAISNE.  the  late  Prof.,  Paris. 
DE  CANDOLLE,  A.,  Geneva. 
DYER,    W.    T.    T.,    Director,    Royal 

Gardens,  Kew. 
ELLACOMBE,  Eev.  Canon. 
ELWES,  H.  J.  (Lilies).  [fers). 

ENGELMANN.  the  late  Dr.  G.  (Coni- 
FEANCHET,  Paris. 
GRAY,  Prof.  Asa,  Boston,  U.S.A. 
HEMSLEY,  W.  B.,  Kew, 
HOOKER.    Sir   J.    D..    K.C.S.I.,    late 

Director,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
JACKSON,    Museum,   Royal   Gardens, 

Kew  (Economic  Botany). 
LEICHTLm,  Max,  Baden-Baden. 
MAW,  G,  (Crocus).    [Gardens,  Kew. 
MORRIS,  D..  Afsistant  Director,  Koyal 


GARDEN  BOTANY  :- 

NAUDIN,  C,  Antibes. 
OLIVER,  Prof..  F.E.S. 
KIDLEY,  H..  British  Museum. 
ROLFE,  Eoyal  Gardens,  Kew. 
SMITH,  W.  G.  (Fungi). 
STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens. 
STRICKLAND,  Sir  C. 
TODAEO,  Baron,  Palermo. 
WATSON,  Sereno,  Boston,  U.S 

GARDEN  INSECTS  :- 

MACLACHLAN,  E.,  F.E.S.,  I'rc 


HERBACEOUS  PLANTS  :- 

BAEE.  P.,  Covent  Ganleu. 
CREWE.  Rev.  H.  Harpur,  the  bile. 
DOD,  Eev.  C.  W. 
ELLACOMBE.  Eev.  Canon. 
ELWES,  H.  J..  Cirencester. 
HAETLAND.  Baylor,  Cork. 
PEERY,  Tottenham. 
POTTER.  W.,  York. 
WILSON,  G.  F.,  F.E.S. 

INDU    AND    THE    COLONIES  :- 

ADLAM.  H..  Natal. 

BANCROFT.  G..  M.D..  Queensland. 

BENNETT,  G.,  M.D..  Sydney. 

BONA  VIA,  Dr..  N.  W.  P.,  India. 

COOPER,  Sir  Dan,,  Bart..  Sydney. 

DUTHIE,  J.  F.,  Saharunpore. 

HAET.  J.,  Jamaica. 

IM  THURN,  Everard,  British  Guiana. 

KING.    Dr.,    Director,    Koyal    Botanic 

Gardens,  Calcutta. 
MACOWAN,  Prof.,  Cape  Town 
MUELLER,      Baron     Sir     Ferd.     V., 

Melbourne. 
MURTON,  H.  J.,  Siam. 
PRESTO,  H..  Trinidad. 
SCHOMBURGK,  Dr..  Adelaide. 
SMITH,  T.,  New  Zealand. 
SYME.  G.,  Jamaica. 
TRIMEN.  H.,  Ceylon. 

LANDSCAPE    GARDENING  ;- 

ANDRE.  E..  Paris. 
BOSCAWEN.  Hon.  and  Eev.  J.  T. 
BUE\'ENICH,  F..  Ghent. 
JACKMAN,  J..  Woking. 
JULIAN,  G.  Richards. 

ORCHIDS  :— 

ANDERSON.  J..  Meadowbank. 
BACKHOUSE,  I.,  York. 
BRADSHAW,  A.,  Waddesdon  Gardens. 
BULL,  W. 
BULLEN,      E.,       Botanic      Gardens. 

Glasgow. 
BUYSSON,  JI.  Le  Comte. 
CRAWSHAY,  De  B. 
LAWRENCE,  Sir  Trevor.  Bart..  M.P., 

President,  Royal  Horticultural  Soc. 
LEE.  W.,  Downside. 
LINDEN,  Lucien,  Ghent. 
O'BRIEN.  James. 
PFITZER,  Prof..  Heidelberg. 
HEICHENBACH,  Prof..  Hamburgli. 
RIDLEY,  H.  N.,  British  Musi'um. 
SANDER,  F. 
SMEE.  A.  H. 

SWAN.  W.,  Howick  House,  Prcstou. 
VEITCH,  H. 
WILLIAMS.  B.  S. 
WOOLFOKD,  C,  Downside. 


PRACTICAL    GARDENINGS- 
ATKINS,  J. 

AUSTEN,  J..  Witlev  Court  Gardens. 
BAILLIE,  W,  M.,  Luton  Hoo  Gardens. 
BAINES,  T. 

BAKER,  G.  [Oxford. 

BAXTER,    W.    H.,    Botanic    Gardens, 
BLAIR,  T..  Shrubland  Gardens. 
CAEMICHAEL,  A.  M.,  Henley  in  Arden. 
CHALLIS.  T. 

CHEISTIE,  A„  Warwick  Castle. 
COLEJIAN,      W.,      Eastnor       Castle 

COOMBEE,  J..  The  Hendre. 
COOMBEE,  W..  Regent's  Park. 
CEOSSLING,    E.,    St.    Pagan's  Castle 

Gardens. 
CULVEEWELL,  W.,  Thorpe  Perrow. 
DEAN,  A,  (Potatos,  &c.). 
DEWAR,  D.,  Eoyal  Gardens,  Kew. 
DOUGLAS,  J.,  (rreat  Gearies,  Ilford. 
DUN'N,  M.,  Dalkeith. 
E/VRLEY,  W.,  Ilford. 
EVANS.  A.,  Lvthe  Hill  Gardens. 
FINDL.AY,  B.,  Mani-hester. 
FISH.  D.  T.,  Hardvicke  Gardens. 
FOWLER,       A.,       Castle       Kenneilv 
ERASER,  J.,  Kew.  [Gardens. 

GIBSON,  W.  M.  (Town  Gardening). 
GRIE\'E,  P.,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 
HARRIS.  G.,  Alnwick  Castle. 
HEMSLEY,  A.  (Market  Plants). 
HUDSON,  J.  (Stove  Plants). 
INGRAM,  W.,  Belvoir  Gardens. 
LYNCH,     E.     J.,     Botanic    Gardens, 

Cambridge. 
MiClNDOE.  J.,  Hutton  Hall. 
MELVILLE,  D.,  Dunrobin  Gardens. 
MILES,      G.     T.,      Wycombe     Abbey 

Gardens. 
MILLEE,  W.,  Coombe  Ab'  ey. 
MOORE.    F.    W..    Glasue>in    Botanic 
O'BRIEN,  T.  [Garden. 

RICHARDS,  G.  H.,  Somerley  Gardens 
ROBERTS,  J.,  Gunnersbury. 
EUST,  J.,  Bridge  Castle. 
SAUL,  M.,  York. 

SHEPPAED,  J.,  Wolverston  Gardens. 
SMITH,  J..  Mentmore  Gardens. 
SMYTHE.  W.,  Basing  Park. 
TEMPLE,  M,,  Carron  House,  N.B. 
THOMAS,  0.,  Chatsworth  Gardens. 
THOMSON,  W.,  Clovenford  (Vines). 
WALLIS,  J.,  Keele  Gardens. 
WAED,  E.,  HeweU  Grange,  Bromsgrove. 
WAED,     H.     W.,     Longford     Castle 

Gardens. 
WATSON,  W.,  Koyal  Gardens,  Kew. 
WEBSTER,  J.,  Gordon  Castle  Gardens. 
WILDSMITH,  W.,  Heckfield  Gardens. 
WILSON,  D. 
WILSON,  G.  F.  (Lilies). 

ROSES :- 

BENNETT,  H. 

D'OMBRAIN,  Rev.  H.  H. 

FISH.    D.    T.,    Hardwick.    Bury    St, 

FISHEK,  Rev.  O.  [Edmunds. 

GIRDLESTON,  I.  W. 

PAUL,  G.,  Cheshunt. 

PAUL,  W.,  Waltham  Cross. 

VEGETABLE    PHYSIOLOGY:- 

BENNETT,  A.  W. 
BOULGER,  Prof. 
DARWIN,  Charles,  the  late. 
FOSTER,  Prof.  Michael. 
OAEDINEE,  W.,  Cambridae. 
GLAISHEE,  James  (Meteorology.) 
UENSLOW,  Eev.  G. 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JnLT  2,  1887. 


CARTERS' 

BRILLIANT  pR|Z_E  filNERARIA. 


^leJalKoyal  Botanic 


Mpdal.  Royal 
ur.il  Sncipty ... 
.s n.l    Prize, 


l.ilnl, Royal 


1S84 


1884 


Mi'dal,     Royal 
Horticultural  Society ... 
Banksian    Medal,    Royal 
Horticultural  Society  ...    1885 

LargeBronzeMedal,EoyalBotaHic  Society 1885 

FINEST  MIXED  SEED,  contaiuing  Every  Shade  of  Colour. 

Price  Is.  6d.,  2b.  6d.,  3s.  6d.  &  5s.  pkt.,  post-ftee. 


Seedsmen  to  H,M. 


.  H.R.H. 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


FOR    PRESENT     &    LATER     SOWING. 

CHOICEST  FLORjSTS^  FLOWERS. 

Superb  Strains  of  AURICULA,  BEGONIA, 
CALCEOLARIA,      CINERARIA,     CARNA- 
TION, GLOXINIA,  PRIMULA,  &c.,  the  finest 
in  cultivation,  per  packet  Ix.,  1.*.  (5ri,,  and  ia.Qd. 
Seeds  &  Plants  of  every  description. 

Priced   t'ATALuGi:ES  iKist-free, 


"James  Dickson  <&  Sons," 

"ROY.\L"    SEED    WAEEIIOrSE. 

108      EASTGATE       ST., 
CHESTER. 


THE       TRADE 


T  O  

ROMAN    HYACINTHS, 

NARCISS,    HYACINTHS,    TULIPS, 

CROCUS,  FREESIAS,  IXIAS,  &c. 

Special    Low    Prices    on    application. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  VEGETABLE 
and  FLOWER  SEEDS  for  Summer  and  Autumn 
SOWING— free  by  Post. 


WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 
EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LtlNDON,  W.C. 


ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18.5.  to  36.s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


£5  FIRST  PRIZE.  A- 

— /(^^ 


The  FiiK-bt,  Largest,  and  Ea 
Cabbage    in     cultivation.         ..-  jr  ^^ 
weiglis  4   lb.  on  May  6,  antl  J^jfi^ 
28  lb.  in  autumn.     Another  ^  V^ 
Grand    Competition    will  *^ 

take  place  July  6, 1888. 
No     Entry 

Open  to  all.     Par-  ^  v 
ticularsv.'ithSoed    ^ 

Price: 
Is.  per  oz., 

Free. 


^VV    "HOW 

^x  TO  win; 

BY 

Mr.  D.  Inglis, 
Howick  Hall, 
inner   of  last   year's 
■,  gratis  with  Seed. 


^MEIN'SPMRVEL  ONION, 

'hi:  be^t  K::iiper  and  Uirge.^t  giiiicer, 

6d.  per  pkt.,  poBt-freo. 


STUART     &     MEIN, 

KELSO,    SrOTLANT). 


CABDENERS'  ORPHAN  FUND. 

Donations  and  Suhseriptions  already 

promised  or  sent. 

SECOND       LIST. 


Barham,  B.,  Grdor.,  Croxteth  Hall,  Liverpool 
Bardney,  W.,  Gardener,  Norris  Green,  West 

Derby,  Liverpool  

Bau3e,  F.,  Morland  Nursery,  Portland  Road, 

South  Norwood 

Colville.  J..  Gardener.  Rufford  Hall.  Ormsltirk 
Cummins.  G.  W..  Gardener,  The  Grange,  Wal- 

lington.  Surrey ■ 

Coombft-?,  J.  P.,  Gardener,  Englefield.  Reading 
Child.  J.,  Gardener,  Houndawood,  St.  Alban'f 
Chuck,  W..  Gardener,  Brodsworth  Hall,  Don- 
Connelly,  J.,  Bedford  Nursery,  Acre  Lane, 
Cole,  E.,  Gardener,  Althorp  Park,  North- 
Dean.  R.,  Ranelagh  Road,  Ealing 
DuilieM,     G.,     Gardener,     Bramford     Lodge, 

WinchmoreHill.N : 

Daniel,  F.  T..  R.H.S.  Gardens,  Chiawick 
Divers,  W.  H.,  Grdnr..  Ketton  Hall.  Stamford 
Dnvied,  C.  Grdnr.  The  Mote  Park,  Maidstone 

Dfpwett,  \y.,  Breamore.  Salisbury         

Doiifjlas,  .T,.  Gardener,  Great  Gearies,  Ilford  ... 
Dninfield,  F..  Gardener,  Valentines.  Ilford     ... 
Ey.'s.  J.,  Gardener,  Grappenhall  Heyes,  War- 
rington            — 

Eckford,  H.,   Gardener.  Boreatton  Park,  Bas- 

church,  Salop 

Elliott,  H.,  Grdnr.,  Mulgrave  Hou<=e.  Whitby 
Evaii3.  A..  Gardener.  Lythe  Hill.  Haslemere, 
Foster,  J.  J.,  Nurseryman.  Stanmore    ... 
Ford,  G..  Grdor..  Wrest  Park,  Arapthill,  Beds 
Fitt.  J.,  Gardener,  Caasiobviry,  Watford 
Fishlock  Bros.,  St.  John's  Market.  Liverpool, 
Gaiger.  W.  G..  Gardener,  Burton  Closes.  Bake- 
well,  Derby        

Grey,  J.,  Gardener.  Normanton  Park.  Stamford 
Green.  J.,  Gardener.  Warlies  Park,  Walthi 

Abbev      

Gibson.  C..  Gardener.  Morden  Park.  Miteh; 
Greenfield.  C.  W.,  Gardener,  Sheffield  Park. 

Uckfield 

Gould,  S.  J.,  Gardener.  Torr  Grove,  Plymouth 
Garrett.  J.,  Gardener,  Batsford  Park.  Moreton- 

in-Marah 

Hammond,  S.  H..  R.H.S.  Gardens,  Chiswick.. 
Harman.    W.,    Gardener.   Newnhnm    Paddox, 

Lutterworth 

Hazel.  C.  Gardener,  Gaunt's  House,  Wimborne 
Hudson,  J.,  Grdnr,  Gunnersburv  House,  Acton 
Harris.  W.,  Gardener.  CanwickHall.  Lincoln 
Hensraan,  G.,  Gardener,  The  Grove,  Stanmore 
Hull.  C,  Orchard.  Old  Southgate.  N. 
Henderson.  A..  Gardener,  Thoresby  Hall.  Oiler- 
ton.  Notts  

Herbst.  H..  Kew  Road,  Richmond 
■Tenks.  S..  Grdnr.,  Brambletye,  East  Grinstead 
James,  J.,  Wooodside,  Farnham  Royal.  Slough 
King,  W.,  Gardener,  Waddon  Hou^e,  Croydon 
Larev,  W.,  Gardener,  Wigmore  Park,  Dorking 
Laing.    J.,    Stanstead    Park    Nursery,    Forest 

Hill,  S.E 

Low.  W.,  Gardener,  EustouHall,  Thetford 
Latham,  W.  B.,  Botanic  Gardens,  Edgbaston  . 
Lambert,  J.,  Grdnr,  Onslow  Hall,  Shrewsbury 
Myers,  J.,  Gardener.  Grove  Park,  Watford     ... 
Markd,  B..  Gardener,  Alfreton  Hall,  Alfreton  . 

Miller.  J.,  Ruxley  Lodge,  Esher 

Munro,   J.    D.,    Gardener,  Cambridge    House. 

TSvickenham     

May.  M.T.,  Grdnr..  Chiswick  House,  Chiswick 
Muir,  J..  Grdnr..  Margara  Park,  Port  Talbot... 
Nieman,  J.  H.,29.  Orchard  Street,  Portmnn  Sq. 

Nicholson.  A.,  Highfield  Hall.  Leek      

Norman.  G..  Gardener,  Hatfield  House,  Herts 
Nicholson.  SirChas.,  The  Grange,  Totteridge.  N. 
Oliver.  J..  Gardener.  Eslington  Park.  Aluwick 
Pole-Gell,  Mrs.,  Chaudos.  Hopton  Hall,  Works- 

Morth       

Parker,  R.,  Gardener,  Tmpney  Hall,  Droitwich 
Pearson.  G..  Grdr..Attingham  Hall. Shrewsbury- 
Pope.  W..  Gardener,  Highclere Castle,  Newbury 

Patrick,  W.,  Hunstanton 

Rumsey,    W,.    Joyning's  Nurseries,  Waltham 

Cross.  N 

Robson.  Mrs.,  The  Grove.  Hunton,  Maidstone 
Ross.  C,  Gardener,  Welford  Park.  Newbury  ... 
Roupell.  W..  Harvey  Lodge.  Roupell  Park,  S.W. 
Rose.  J.  H.,  Grdnr.,  Lockinge  Park,  Wantage 
Richardaon  &  Co.,  W.,    Horticultural  Works, 

Darlington        

Reid,    A.,   Gardener,   Possingworth,    Cr08S-in- 

Hand,  Sussex 

SwanborouKh,W.,Gardnr.,GIasslouph,  Ireland 
Smith,  J.,  Gardener.  Waterdale,  St.  Helens  ... 
Smith  W..  Gardener,  Warfield  Park.  Bracknell 
.Swansborough.    H..     C^-dnr.,    Warfield    Hall. 

Bracknell  

Smith,  B.,  Gardener,  BotleysPRrk.Chertsey... 
Smith.  C.  Gardener.  St.  Anne's,  Clontarf,  Oo. 

Dublin      

Spftiicer.  The  Countess,   Althorp  Park,  North- 
ampton      

Smith,  J..  Rose  Hill.  Basingstoke         

Salromb.  W..  Grdnr.,  The  Vineyard,  Ticehurst 
ditto,         ditto.  fcollected  hv> 


1  1 
1  1 

0 
0 

1    o' 
1   1 

0 
0 

\     0 

0 

1    0 

0 

1     0 
I    0 

1    I 
1   1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

I     0 
1    0 

0 
0 

1    0 

0 

1  1 

1     0 
1     h 
0  16 

0 
0 

0  10  6 

0  10  6 

1  1  0 
0  10  0 


INSECT  PESTS  „t  ,„.  ..,.,_ 

Grepn  Fly,  Scalp.  Red  Spider,  Thrips,  Mealy  Bur,  &c., 

INSTANTLY  KILLED 


without  Injury  to  Plants,     ^-^^S- ^/? 


"SWIFT  AND  SURE" 
INSECTICIDE. 

THE    BEST  anil    CHEAPEST 
INSECT  DESTROYEE. 

Awarded  Certificate  of  Merit  at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Show. 

In  bottles,  1.5.  6rf.  and  3s.  6<f. ;  gallons,  10s.  M.  Carriage 
Paid  to  any  Station  in  the  United  Kingdom  on  Orders 
ot  £1  nett. 


WEEDS  on  Garden  Walks,  Carriage 
Drives,  Rtalile  Yards,  Eailway  Stations,  &c., 

PERiVlANENTLY  DESTROYED, 

THE  /  /      / 

"PERFECT" 
WEED  KILLER. 

SAVES    MANY    TIJIES    ITS 
COST  IN  LABOUR. 

Prioe.  1  gallon,  2s. ;  .1  galls.,  Is.  M.  per  gall. ;  10  galls.. 
Is.  6rf.  per  gall. ;  40  galls.,  Is.  id.  per  gall.  Carriage  Paid 
in  United  Kingdom  on  Orders  of  fl  nett. 


MILDEW  on  Roses  and  all  Plants, 
completely  UXJxiED, 


"PERFECT' 


MILDEW  DESTROYER. 


In  bottes.  at  Is 


ntity.     Carriage  Paid 


WORM  CASTS  OB  Tennis  Lawns, 
Cricket  Grounds,  Bowling  Greens,  &c., 

Easily  PREVENTED. 

THE  y^"'^^    ~/^^ 

"PERFECT" 
WORM   DESTROYER. 


In  bottles,  Is.  6rf.  and  3s.  6rf. ;  gallons,  7s.  6d. ;  leas  in 
quantity.  One  gallon  makes  80  for  use.  Enough  for  a 
Tennis  Lawn,  'ihs. 

Carriage  Paid  in  United  Kingdom  on  Orders  of  £1  nott. 


SOLD  by  ALL  SEEDSMEN  and  FLORISTS. 

M.iN-trF.vrTrREn  only  nv 

THE  HORTICULTURAL  AND  AGRICULTURAL 

CHEMICAL   COMPANY, 

103,  Holm  Street,  Glasgow. 

NOTICE. — Otfr  biainess  has  been  entirely/  renioiied 

from   Tonbridf/e  to  Glasgow,  as  abaoe,  and  there  is  nou) 

no  firm  o/  our  name  at  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

Beware  of  Unprlnclplea  Imitations  of  our 
Name,  and  Wokthless  Substitutes  for  our  Goods. 
Carefully  note  our  Trade  Mark,  which  is  affixed  to 


all  oui 


nufactures. 


and  ■ 


which 


July  2.  1887.] 


TEE    GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


"ARCADIA 


n 


[A  Veritahle  Fairi/land.) 

ROYAL  AGRICULTURAL  HALL, 

ISLINGTON,    N. 


JULY  9  TO  SEPTEMBER  24,  1887. 

"  AECADIA,"  a  veritable  Fairy- 
land and  World  of  Delight ;  in  short 
the  Tvhole  of  the  Agricultural  Hall 
transformed  into  a  huge  Garden, 
■«dth  Beds  of  Choice  Flowers,  Luxn- 
riant  Foliage,  inclined  Walks  amidst 
Palms  and  Ferns,  over  Eustic 
Bridges,  &c.,  up  to  large  Plateaux, 
Seats,  Eustic  Summer  Houses,  Al- 
coves, Ferneries,  Fountains,  Old 
Stone  Bridges,  &e.,  and 

A  MONSTER  WATERFALL, 

falling  50  feet,  40  feet  -wide,  and 
running  no  less  than  120,000  gallons 
per  hour,  erected  at  a  cost  of  over 
£600.     Also 

FLOWER  SHOWS. 

£200   given    in    CUPS,    GOLD, 
SILTEK,  and  BBONZE  KEDALS. 

GARDEN  FETES, 

MILITARY  BANDS, 
VARIETY  ENTERTAINMENTS, 

AND 

PROMENADE  CONCERTS. 


At  dusk  "  Arcadia  "  is  Illurainated  with 
12,000  Coloured  Lights  and  Lanterns,  a  la 
Colindries,  &c. 

"Arcadia"  Opens  to  the  Public 

at  2  p.m.,  on  Saturday,  July  9.     (The 
Judging  takes  place  at  12  Noon.) 


Schedules  and.  full  particulars  upon  application  to 

HARRY  ETHERINCTON,  Manager, 
ROYAL   AGRICULTURAL   HALL, 

ISLINGTON,  N. 


ORCHID  EXHIBITION. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  sigJits 
in  London. 

ORCHIDS.— Tlie    PRIVATE    VIEW   of 
^-^    Jlr.  William  Bull's  ORCHID  EXHIBrnoN  is  open 

to  I'atrons  of  the  Establishment,  every  TUESDAY. 
THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY.  10  to  6  o'clock,  throuRh- 
out  JULY. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  Loudon,  S.W. 


ORCHIDS.— The    PUBLIC    EXHIBITION 
^^    of  ORCHIDS  is   open  to  the  Public,  every  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  10  to  6  o'clock,  through- 
out JULY'.    Admission,  each  day,  2^.  6rf. 


/"VRCHIDS. — A.    vision    of   loveliness    unpa- 

^-^     rulleled  in  Europe. 


QRCHIDS. 


'  Must  be  seen  to  be  realised.' 


ORCHIDS. — "A  scene  of  the  greatest  Orchidic 
^^     beauty.  b;\ffling  description,  and  defying  exaggeration." 


ORC 


H I  OS- — Specimeiis  in  Flower  from  Brazil, 

Colombia,  Mexico,  Ecuador,  Sladagascar.  Assam.  Peru, 
Costa  Rica,  \'enezuela.  West  Indies,  Burmah,  Borneo, 
and  various  other  parts  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 


{^RCHIDS.— The  Exhibition  is  worth  going 

MRriLLIAM  BULL'S 

ESTABLISHMENT   FOR   NEW    AND   RARE   PLANTS, 

536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 

Fancy  and  Show  Pansies  and  Violas. 

JOHN  DUWXIE  tlate  uf  the  Firm  of  Downie 
Sc  Laird)  invites  inspectiuu  of  his  magnificent  coUeotioa 
of  the  above  at  his  Beechill  Nurb^rj-.  ifurrayfield,  Edinburgh. 

BEGONIA  EXHIBITION 

The   Grandest  Floral  Displaij 
in  London. 


Open  to  the  Public  every  day  (Sundays  excepted),  from 
Jvdy  to  September,  9  a.m.  to  7  p.m.  dally. 


ADMISSION      FREE. 


OUR  EXHIBITIONS  OF  BEGONIAS 

Have  been  celebrated  for  their  varied  beauty  and 
extent  for  the  past  few  years,  but  the  COLLEC- 
TION now  on  view  is  superior  to  any  of  the  kind 
ever  yet  seen,  both  in  single  and  double  varieties, 
the  shades  of  colour  being  quite  indescribable, 
and  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 


All  lovers  of  flowers  are  cordially  invited. 


Nearest  Railway  Stations  are  Catford  Bridge.  Mid  Kent  Line 
fS.E.R.).  from  Charing  Croi';,  Waterloo,  Cannon  Street  and 
London  Bridge;  and  Forest  Hill  (L.B.&S.C.R.).  from  Victoria. 
Kensington  and  West  End,  Croydon.  &c. ;  also  from  Liverpool 
Street.  " 


JOHN     LAING    &    CO., 

Begonia  Specialists  and  Nurserymen, 

FOREST  HILL,  LONDON,  S.E. 


NEW         EDITION, 
Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR 

of 

GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  ^d. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

London,  W.C. 


SATURDAY,  JULY  2,   1887. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 

A  SPECIAL  meeting  of  the  Fellows  of 
this  Society  was  held  in  the  Con- 
servatory, South  Kensington,  on  Tuesday  las', 
Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P.,  in  the 
chair.  After  the  Secretary  had  read  the  notice 
convening  the  meeting,  the  Chairman  said  it  was 
his  duty  to  state  as  shortly  as  he  could  what  had 
been  done  since  the  annual  meeting  to  come  to 
a  satisfactory  solution  of  the  difficult  position  in 
which  the  Society  found  itself  at  South  Kensing- 
ton. It  would  probably  be  in  the  recollection  of 
the  ladies  and  gentlemen  who  were  present  at  the 
annual  meeting  that  it  was  then  stated,  that 
certain  negotiations  were  being  carried  on  with 
the  Royal  Albert  Hall  Corporation,  with  a  view  of. 
through  them,  maintaining  their  connection  with 
South  Kensington,  which  had  been,  he  might 
say,  maintained  without  interruption  ever  since 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  was  established 
there  under  the  auspices  of  the  late  lamented 
Prince  Consort.  Although  he  was  not 
acquainted  with  the  precise  negotiations  which 
the  Royal  Albert  Hall  Corporation  had  been  car- 
rying on  with  the  Royal  Commissioners  for  the 
Exhibition  of  18,51,  yet  he  was  able  to  say  that, 
however  far  they  had  proceeded,  they  were  not 
sufficiently  advanced  for  that  Corporation  to  enter 
into  any  negotiations  with  this  Society.  He  be- 
lieved they  had  not  yet  obtained  the  new  charter 
which  it  was  necessary  for  them  to  have  to  enable 
them  legally  to  enter  into  the  proposed  arrange- 
ment with  the  Royal  Commissioners  for  the  1851 
Exhibition,  and  therefore,  so  far  as  this  Society 
was  concerned,  the  state  of  affairs  now  existing  was 
very  much  what  it  was  in  the  spring,  when  the 
meeting  was  held.  He  stated  that  the  uncer- 
tainty which  attended  the  future  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society  was  having  a  prejudicial 
effect  upon  the  interests  of  the  Society,  as  they 
were  losing  many  Fellows, owing  entirely,  as  he 
believed,  to  this  state  of  uncertainty.  The  Council, 
feeling  this,  had  entered  into  negotiations  with 
the  Royal  Commissioners  for  the  18.51  Exhibi- 
tion, with  a  view  of  ascertaining  whether  they 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Jolt  2,  1887. 


could  give  [a  [site  on>ny  part  of  their  ground 
■where  the  business  of  the  Society  could  be  carried 
on    and   where   the   library    could    be    housed. 
This  was  the  more  necessary  in  consequence  of 
the  intention  to  pull  down  the  present  buildings, 
which  have  been  occupied  by  the   Society  for  so 
many  years,  and   where   the   library  had   been, 
he  could  not  honestly  say  housed,  on   account 
of  the  confined  space  in  which  it  was.     It  was 
therefore   necessary   for    them    to    be   provided 
with  another  home  in  a  very  short  space  of  time. 
The  result  of  these  negotiations   was,  that  the 
Iloyal   Commissioners  offered  a  site  not  very  far 
distant,    but    which    had    many   disadvantages, 
amongst  these  being  its  circumscribed  area  and 
its  bad  approach.     They  only  offered  some  2700 
square  feet,  consequently  the  Council  felt  they 
could  not  squeeze  the  Society  into  such  a  small 
area,  even  if  all  other  matters  had  been  satisfac- 
tory, unless  they  still  had  the  right  of  occupying 
the  gardens  and  conservatory,  where  they  had 
been   so   long   established.      Uufortimately,   the 
Iloyal   Commissioners   insisted  upon   a  positive 
stipulation,  that  no  buildings  which  the  Iloyal 
Horticultural    Society    might    feel   disposed   to 
put   up   on  the  land    should   confer  any  right, 
either   legal    or    moral,    to    the    occupancy    of 
the   conservatory    or    of   the   gardens,   and   in- 
asmuch  as  the  future  of  the  conservatory  and 
gardens    is    by   no   means    settled,  the   Council 
naturally  felt  they  might  be  embarking  in  build- 
ing operations  on  ground  which  did  not  belong 
to  them,  and  the  buildings  put  up  might  ulti- 
mately  be   found   to   be   in  a  very  undesirable 
position,  and  therefore  the  Council  represented 
to  the  Royal  Commissioners  that  the  site  offered 
was   not   adequate,  and  inquired  whether   they 
could  not  offer  another  and  more  extensive  site. 
The   answer    they    received    was    that,   pending 
the  negotiations  now  being  carried  on  with  the 
Royal  Albert  Hall  Corporation,  the  Royal  Com- 
missioners had  no  further  offer  to  make.     That 
being  the  position  of   matters  the  Council  had 
been  on  the  look-out  in  various  parts  of  London 
for  a  suitable  site,  but  at  present  had  been  un- 
successful  (although   many  sites   offered   them- 
selves) in  obtaining  one  suitable  for  the  erection 
of  the  necessary  buildings  in  which  they  could  de- 
posit the  Lindley  Library.   If  such  a  site  were  ulti- 
mately obtained  the  Society  would  have  to  expend 
a  considerable  sum  of  money,  independently  of 
the  buildings  to  be  put  up,  and  therefore  it  was 
doubly  necessary  to  be  cautious  in  their  selection. 
After  stating  some  of  the   sites  which  offered, 
with    their    advantages  and   disadvantages,   the 
Chairman   went   on   to    say   that,   provided  the 
Society  had  a  definite  and  practical  scheme  to 
put  before  the  Fellows,  the  Council  had  always 
been  of  opinion  that  the  very  large  body  of  hor- 
ticulturists in  the  country  would  be  anxious  to 
support  the  Society.     In  deference  to  the  desire 
of  some  of  the  members  of  the  Council,  and  as 
His  Royal  Highness  the  late  Prince  Consort  had 
a  great  share  in  directing  the  arrangements  of 
the  Society  when  it  first  came  to  South  Kensing- 
ton—His Royal  Highness  having  taken  very  great 
interest   in   the   Society— it   had   been   thought 
right  to  bring  the  real  position  of  the  Society  to 
the  Queen's  notice,  and  they  had  received  a  most 
gracious  answer  from  Her  Majesty,  which  was  as 
follow.s : — 

"  Aix-les-Bains,  April  1(5,  1887. 
■'  Sir, — I  have  duly  laid  before  the  Queen  the 
memorial  you  have  forwarded  on  behalf  of  the 
Council  and  Fellows  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  in  which  you  express  your  desire  to  retain 
the  connection  with  South  Kensington  which  has 
lasted  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Nego- 
tiations with  reference  to  the  gardens  are  going  on 
between  the  Royal  Contmissioriers  of  the  Exhibition 


of^lS.'Jl  and  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Albert  Hall. 
The  Queen  hopes  that,  if  the  upper  gardens  and  con- 
servatories are  acquired  by  the  Royal  Albert  Hall, 
there  will  be  no  difficulty  in  your  Society  coming  to 
an  agreement  with  the  Hall  "both  for  shows  and  for 
office  accommodation.  As  the  area  left  in  the  hands 
of  the  Royal  Commissioners  after  the  dedication  of 
the  ground  for  the  Imperial  Institute  will  be  a  small 
one,  the  Queen  does  not  think  that  the  Commis- 
sioners would  be  able  to  provide  a  gratuitous  site  for 
the  offices  of  the  Society.  I  am  commanded  by  the 
Queen  to  add  that  Her  Majesty  trusts  some  satis- 
factory arrangement  will  be  arrived  at,  as  Her 
Majesty  has  not  ceased  to  take  an  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  Roval  Horticultural  Society. 

"I  have  the   honour  to   be,   Sir.   your  obedient 
servant,  "  Henry  F.  Fonsonbv.' 


The  Chairman  said,  every  one  must  admit  that 
the  Council  had  done  their  best  to  secure  satis- 
factory terms  and  conditions  so  as  to  enable  them  to 
continue  at  South  Kensington,  they  feeling  it  was 
most  undesirable,  from  a  great  many  points  of  view, 
to  sever  their  connection  if  it  could  be  avoided  ;  but 
it  had  at  last  been  forced  upon  them  more  and  more 
every  day,  that  unless  they  were  compelled  to  live 
on  the  somewhat  unsubstantial  diet  of  hope  unful- 
filled, they  must  turn  their  eyes  elsewhere.  What 
the  Council  would  recommend  would  be,  that  the 
Fellows  of  the  Society  should  authorise  the  Council 
to  take  such  steps  as  they  might  think  most  advan- 
tageous for  the  future  cf  the  Society  in  regard  to  its 
housing,  and  that  in  the  meantime  (because,  ol  course, 
that  could  not  be  done  in  a  day)  arrangements  should 
be  made  with  a  view  at  the  end  of  the  year,  or  as  soon 
as  the  engagements  with  other  societies  should  permit 
it,  of  carrying  on  their  operations  for  a  time  at 
Chiswick,  making  such  arrangements  as  may  be  ne- 
cessary to  enable  the  enormous  population  of  London 
to  attend  the  displays  of  fruit  and  flowers  in  the 
shape  of  shows,  which  had  been  for  so  long  a  time  a 
feature  of  the  history  of  the  Society.  All  he  had  to 
say,  in  conclusion,  on  behalf  of  the  Council  was,  that 
they  were  inspired  by  one  object  only,  namely,  to  do 
all  they  could  to  maintain  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  and  to  restore  it  to  its  sphere  of  utility, 
which,  in  his  opinion,  the  interests  of  the  kingdom  at 
large  made  it  necessary  it  should  occupy. 

A  Fellow  hoped  the  meeting  would  not  come  to 
a  final  decision  on  the  matter  that  day,  because,  as  it 
seemed  to  him,  the  whole  thing  hinged  on  what 
arrangements  were  finally  made  between  the  Royal 
Commissioners  of  1851  anil  the  Albert  Hall  Corpora- 
tion. He  thought  it  was  the  desire  of  every  one  that  they 
should  remain  at  South  Kensington  if  possible,  and 
therefore  it  was  premature  to  come  to  a  decision  now; 
they  were  only  in  the  month  of  June,  and  they  had 
got  the  whole  of  this  year  before  they  were  compelled 
to  come  to  a  final  decision.  It  was  the  more 
necessary-  not  to  come  to  a  hasty  decision,  as,  from 
all  he  heard,  the  movement  of  the  Society  from  South 
Kensington  would  very  seriously  damage  its  interests, 
and  it  was  a  step  therefore  which  ought  not  to  be 
taken  without  very  grave  consideration. 

Another  Fellow,  while  thinking  there  were  some 
reasons  for  wishing  to  stop  at  South  Kensington, 
considered  it  by  no  means  in  their  present  posi- 
tion an  unwise  course  to  go  back  to  their  old 
quarters  at  Chiswick,  and  there  again  have  their 
shows.  He  had  been  a  member  almost  from  the 
commencement,  and  had  always  taken  a  very  great 
interest  in  the  Society,  but  he  thought  that  now  pru- 
dential considerations  should  decide  the  course  to  be 
taken.  There  was  no  doubt  they  could  get  up  very  good 
shows  at  Chiswick,  and  he  could  not  help  thinking 
that  the  Fellows  and  their  friends  would  take  advan- 
tage of  these  shows,  whether  held  at  Chiswick  or  at 
South  Kensington.  At  the  same  time  he  should  be 
sorry  if  the  Society  were  to  abandon  their  present 
position,  if  they  could  see  their  way  to  maintaining  it. 
Mr.  Shirley  Hidberd  made  some  remarks  upon 
the  present  financial  position  of  the  Society,  and 
thought  that  the  Society  had  been  far  too  local  in  its 
character,  and  that  they  should  endeavour  to  enlarge 
its  sphere  in  such  a  way  as  to  engage  the  sympathies 
of  horticulturists  throughout  the  kingdom,  and  if 
it  did    that   be    believed   it    would    be    the    most 


powerful  Ihorticultural  society  ever  existing.  It  was 
the  business  of  the  Society  to  be  a  horticultural 
society,  and  the  mischief  at  South  Kensington  had 
been  that  it  was  not  a  horticultural  society.  In 
1872  they  bad  great  troubles,  owing  to  there  having 
in  the  Society  elements  which  were  not  horticul- 
tural, and  persons  who  had  no  sympathy  with  horti- 
culture. It  had  no  doubt  given  them  a  certain 
amount  of  strength,  but  it  was  artificial.  He  must 
say  that,  if  the  Society  was  to  flourish,  it  must  be 
recognised  on  the  basis  of  horticulture  as  appealing 
to  the  whole  country,  in  which  case  he  believed  there 
would  be  no  want  of  support.  Horticulture,  if  worth 
any  attention  at  all,  should  be  studied  and  pursued 
for  its  own  sake  only,  and  when  it  was  proposed  the 
Society  should  return  to  Chiswick  the  speaker  re- 
cognised in  that  a  new  beginning  in  a  healthy  way. 
Although  Chiswick  was  far  removed  even  now  from 
London,  and  City  men  might  find  it  diflicult  to  go 
there,  yet  it  possessed  attractions  at  this  moment 
of  which  he  believed  many  members  were  ignorant. 
The  work  carried  on  there  was  of  a  genuine  horticul- 
tural character— it  was  well  done  under  the  greatest 
difficulty. 

The  Chairman  here  intimated  his  opinion  that  it 
was  not  much  use  waiting  any  longer,  as  they  had 
already  been  waiting  for  years,  in  the  hope  of  coming 
to  some  permanent  arrangement  with  the  Royal  Com- 
missioners, and  his  experience  led  him  to  think  that 
the  Commissioners  gave  very  little,  but  wanted  a 
good  deal.  They  had  not  shown  a  very  benevolent 
feeling  towards  their  Society,  and  neither  he  nor 
any  other  member  of  Council  anticipated  getting 
anything  out  of  the  Royal  Commissioners.  For 
the  present,  the  upper  gardens  and  the  conservatory 
were  hanging  between  heaven  and  earth. 

Mr.  H.  J.  Veitch  wished  to  bear  testimony  to  the 
excellent  spirit  in  which  the  Council  had  met  the  out- 
side committee  which  was  appointed  in  February  last. 
He  only  wished  to  add,  that  the  committee  were 
strongly  of  opinion  that  the  Society  ought  to  retire  to 
Chiswick.  He  concluded  by  moving  a  resolution 
"  That  this  meeting  requests  the  Council  do  take 
such  steps  for  the  maintenance  and  housing  of  the 
Society  as  may  appear  to  them  best  calculated  to 
maintain  the  character  and  utility  of  the  Society  and 
the  interests  of  horticulture  committed  to  its  charge.' 
Dr.  Masters,  while  agreeing  in  the  terms  of  the 
resolution,  hoped  that  the  library  would  not  be  rele- 
gated to  Chiswick,  for  it  would  be  of  less  service 
there  even  than  it  had  been  at  South  Kensington. 

Professor  Foster  suggested  that,  should  they 
return  to  Chiswick,  some  place  should  be  selected  in 
some  central  spot  in  or  near  the  City,  where  the 
offices  of  the  Society  should  be  located,  together 
with  the  library.  He  would  propose  that  the  follow- 
ing addendum  be  made  to  the  resolution  proposed, 
as  it  was  really  not  antagonistic ;-"  That  steps  be 
taken  immediately  to  secure  accommodation  for  the 
Society  at  the  close  of  the  year,  either  permanent  or 
temporary,  in  some  central  situation  in  or  not  far 
from  the  City." 

After  a  few  remarks  from  Baron  Schroder,  the 
resolution,  as  amended,  was  passed  unanimously.  A 
cordial  vote  of  thank  to  the  Chairman  brought  the 
proceedings  to  a  close. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 

PHALiENOPSIS  HARRIETTS  X ,  Eolfe, 
hyb.  art, 
A  VKEY  interesting  and  handsome  hybrid,  raised 
by  Mr.  Seden  in  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Son's 
nursery  at  Chelsea.  The  seed-parent  is  the  original 
P.  amabilis  (not  the  garden  plant  of  that  name), 
better  known  as  P.  grandiflora  ;  the  pollen-parent 
P.  violacea — the  two  belonging  to  totally  distinct 
sections  of  the  genus,  and  thus  rendering  the  hybrid 
additionally  interesting.  The  seed  was  sown  in 
January,  1882,  and  the  first  flower  expanded  in  May, 
1887,  showing  a  little  over  five  years  in  reaching  the 
flowering  stage.  At  the  present  time  the  plant  has 
three   leaves,   strictly   oval    in    shape,    the    largest 


JntT  2,  1887.] 


TEE     GAEDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


measuring  4f  inches,  the  smallest  2}  inches  in  length. 
The  scape  be.ars  but  a  single  flower,  though  it  is  pre- 
mature to  say  how  many  it  may  develope  when  the 
plant  becomes  stronger.  The  flower  is  2-}  inches  in 
expanse,  and  remarkably  intermediate  between  that 
of  the  two  parents.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  pale 
sulphur-white  or  of  a  tint  which  might  be  described 
as  pale  primrose,  the  basal  portions  with  numerous 
minute  almost  suff'used  dots  and  splashes  of  rosy- 
purple,  least  conspicuous  on  the  upper  sepal.  The 
lateral  sepals  are  acute  and  distinctly  keeled,  and 
the  colour  confined  to  the  inner  half,  as  in 
P.  violacea ;  the  petals  much  broader  than  the 
sepals  (11  lines  broad)  and  very  obtuse,  as  in 
P.  grandiflora.  The  lip,  though  most  resembling 
P.  violacea  in  general  appearance,  is  also  inter- 
mediate between  the  two  parents.  It  has  a  dis- 
tinct stalk,  like  P.  grandiflora  ;  the  callus,  between 
the  lateral  lobes  also  wonderfully  resembles  that 
of  the  same  species.  The  front  lobe  resembles  P- 
violacea  in  shape  and  colour,  and  in  being  fleshy, 
with  acute  keel  behind  ;  the  tendrils,  too,  are  absent, 


variety  was  concerned  in  the  parentage  of  this  hybrid 
we  do  not  know,  but  if  others  should  in  future  be 
produced  a  considerable  variation  in  colour  may  be 
expected.  For  scientific  purposes  P.  violacea- 
amabilis  is  the  collective  name  under  which  these 
hybrids  must  be  classed,  i?.  A.  Ro//c,  Herbarium, 
Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

Vanda  Sakdehiai^a  (Echb.f.)  albata,  «.  var. 

When  I  was  last  autumn  at  the  wonderful  place  of 
Jlr.  W.  Lee  there  was  not  only  a  typical  Vanda 
Sanderiana  laden  with  flowers,  but  another  plant, 
equally  full  of  bloom,  which  were  smaller  and  of  a 
distinct  colour.  Nearly  the  same  thing  reappeared 
in  February  last  in  the  excellent  collection  of  Herr 
Consul  Kienast-ZoUy,  Ilirslande,  Zurich.  I  ventured, 
therefore,  to  name  it.  No  doubt  it  is  lovely ;  it 
might,  however,  be  disagreeable  to  purchase  it  as 
Vanda  .Sanderiana  itself,  that  one  being  superior  to  it. 
The  upper  sepal  and  the  petals  are  quite  white,  and 
there  are  only  a  very  few  light  purple  spots  stand  at 
the  base.     There  is  a  little  sulphur  wash  at  the  base 


iL.TiN0PSIb    HAEItlETT,!;  X  .       (sEE    P.    8.) 


though  the  apex  is  distinctly  notched,  and  has  two 
slight  prominences  where  the  tendrils  should  be. 
The  lateral  lobes  are  just  intermediate  in  shape  and 
direction  between  the  broad  membranous  spreading 
lobes  of  P.  grandiflora  and  the  narrow  fleshy  appressed 
ones  of  P.  violacea;  they  are  rosy-purple  above, 
yellowish-white  with  brown  and  purple  sjjots  below, 
and  they  stand  one-third  inch  apart.  The  front  lobe 
is  white  behind,  rosy-purple  in  front ;  the  keel,  too, 
is  rosy-purple,  standing  on  a  yellow  ground,  and  the 
callus  yellow,  densely  spotted  with  orange-brown. 
Column  rosy-purple  in  front,  much  paler  behind, 
much  like  that  of  P.  grandiflora  in  shape.  Alto- 
gether it  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  and  beautiful 
hybrids  we  ever  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing.  The 
plant  has  been  acquired  by  the  Hon.  E.  Corning,  of 
Albany,  U.S.A.,  the  possessor  of  one  of  the  finest 
collections  of  Orchids  in  the  States,  and  is  named  by 
request  in  honour  of  that  gentleman's  daughter.  It 
would  be  extremely  interesting  if  Mr.  Seden  could 
effect  the  cross  the  reverse  way.  It  should  be  noted 
that  P.  violacea  is  extremely  variable  in  colouring — 
from  violet-purple  to  nearly  white — no  less  than  six 
distinct  varieties   having  been   described.      Which 


of  the  petals.  The  lateral  sepals  have  a  few  red- 
coloured  nerves  with  lateral  branches  at  that  side 
where  they  are  opposite  each  other.  The  other  side 
is  marked  with  small  red  spots  as  also  the  branchlets 
of  the  median  nerve.  The  median  and  outer  side  are 
suffused  with  sulphur.  Hypochile  sulphur  now  striped 
with  brownish-purple  (in  Consul  Kienast's  plant), 
anterior  lacinia  brownish-sulphur  at  the  base.  In 
the  fiowers  sent  by  Consul  Kienast  there  are  purple 
stripes  at  the  base  of  the  epichile  (anterior  lacinia). 
H.  G.Schb.f. 

Masdevallia  dejiissa,  n.  sp* 

This  Masdevallia  has   strong,   fine  leaves.    They 

are  very  thick,  cuneate,  spatulate,  with    the  usual 


*  Masdevallia  demissa,  n.  -sp. — Folio  valde  coriaceo  spatu- 
lato  obtTi.so  ;  pedunculo  brevi  iinifloro  ;  tubo  depresso,  mento 
svibevanido ;  sppali  imparl  triangulo  libero  minuto,  cauda 
elongata  firraa ;  sepalis  lateralibua  parte  libpra  lonRioribufl 
pstus  rotundatis.  iotus  alte  conatis,  in  caudas  iirmad  prope 
contigua3  extensis  ;  tepalis  ab  ungue  brevi  oblongis  obtu?*is 
obsciirissime  emarginatis,  labello  cordato  triangulo  angusto 
medio  angulia  geminis  gibbis;  columna  acuta.  Tubus  in  parte 
sepali  imparis  riavus  strii3  rubris  temia.  Pars  inferior  rufo- 
purpurea.  Caudse  flavfe.  Tepala  et  labelliun  brnnnea.  Ex 
Costa  Eicaimp.  exc.  Shuttlcworth  &  Carder.  N.  G.  Bchb.f. 


minute  teeth  at  the  blunt  top.  The  peduncle  is  one- 
flowered,  and  much  shorter  than  the  leaf.  Its  bract 
is  short,  thin,  and  lax,  and  leaves  the  pedicel  partly 
free.  The  ovary  is  shorter  than  the  tube  of  the 
flower,  which  has  a  very  imperfect  mentum.  The 
tube  is  depressed  from  above.  The  free  lacinia 
of  the  upper  sepal  is  triangular  and  very  short.  The 
laterial  sepals  are  triangular,  connate,  much  longer 
than  the  small  triangle  of  the  dorsal  sepal.  They 
are  rounded  outside,  and  have  nearly  no  free  part 
between  the  two  strong  yellow  tails,  which  are 
descendcnt,  and  on  which  the  tail  of  the  dorsal  sepal, 
darker  yellow,  more  orange,  is  incumbent.  That 
part  of  the  depressed  tube  that  belongs  to  the  dorsal 
sepal  is  brightest  yellow  with  three  brownish-purple 
lines,  while  the  colouring  of  the  side  sepals  is 
brownish-purple.  Petalssmall,  cuneate-oblong.  blunt, 
most  slightly  emarginatc  .at  the  apex,  chiefly  brown, 
partly  whitish  marginate.  Lip  narrow,  cordate,  tri- 
angular-acute, with  two  small  anguli  in  the  middle, 
brown.  Column  white.  The  flower  is  a  little  smaller 
than  that  of  Masdevallia  coriacea,  equal  to  that  of 
Masdevallia  calura.  It  is  very  distinct  in  the 
depressed  tube,  and  the  approximated  lateral  tails. 

It  was  imported  from  Costa  Rica  by  Messrs. 
Shuttleworth  &  Carder,  191,  Park  Road.  Clapham, 
S.W.  H.  G.  Echb.  f. 


A  WEST  INDIAN  FOREST. 

{Contimud  from  p.  833,  vol.  i.,  3rd  scr.) 
As  this  was  my  first  visit  to  the  mountain 
forests,  I  confess  I  waited  with  growing  and  hardly 
concealed  impatience  for  the  arrival  of  the  Doctor, 
The  pathless  tropical  forest,  of  which  I  had  read  and 
dreamt  from  early  boyhood  was  about  me  on  every 
hand,  and  the  very  lizards  seemed  to  reproach  me 
with  delay,  for  a  deputation  of  two  entered  the  gallery 
and  very  soon  after  visited  my  collecting-box.  At 
last  the  hour  comes  with  no  sign  of  the  man,  and  giving 
up  all  hope  of  his  coming,  we  get  under  weigh  after 
fortifying  the  negroes,  each  with  an  "  ungentlemanly 
shot  "  of  rum.  As  we  descend  the  path  to  the  lake 
our  appearance  is  hardly  suggestive  of  a  peaceful 
botanical  ramble.  Helmets,  rough  home6i>un  clothes, 
gigantic  boots  and  leggings — these  by  themselves  are 
intelligible  enough  as  garments  under  the  circum- 
stances, but  when  the  wearers  carry  each  a  long, 
heavy,  curved  cutlass,  a  cut-throat,  stage-brigand  like 
aspect  is  at  once  imparted  to  the  turn-out.  There  is 
no  blood-curdling  deed  on  hand,  however,  and  no 
testhetic  impulse,  but  stem  necessity  thus  orders  our 
equipment.  Without  such  arms,  and  armour,  the 
traveller  will  soon  come  to  a  halt  in  the  high  woods. 
As  we  descend,  the  steep,  slippery,  clay-bank  soon 
takes  the  romance  out  of  the  picture,  for  first  Jlr. 
Elliott,  and  then  the  writer,  suddenly  travelled 
downwards  toes  in  air  with  involuntary  velocity. 
Regaining  our  feet  we  staggered  over  a  Bamboo  bridge 
(consisting  of  three  Bamboos),  laid  across  a  stream, 
and  in  this  undignified  way  enter  the  forest.  A 
sloppy  track  leads  us  to  the  lake  and  after  a  view  of 
it.  and  deciding  to  reserve  it  for  a  short  evening  ex- 
cursion, we  strike  up  the  ridge  on  our  left  in  order 
to  reconnoitre  the  high  peak  beyond,  which^we  meant 
to  ascend  next  day.  As  we  go  upward  under 
graceful  Tree  Ferns  and  Palms  and  past  giant  Silk- 
cotton  trees,  our  cutlasses  are  in  constant  use  to 
make  a  path  through  the  branches  of  a  dense  under- 
growth and  the  numberless  lianes  hanging  like 
cordage  from  the  branches  of  trees  far  aloft.  The 
trunks  are  covered  with  Ferns  and  mosses  in  pro- 
fusion, and  in  chaiming  variety,  but  loveliest  of  all, 
both  for  form  and  delicate  texture,  are  the  "  filmy  " 
Ferns.  Epiphytic  Orchids  are  here  too,  with  a  few 
ground  Orchids,  fortunately  in  flower.  Not  Kingsley 
in  At  Last,  nor  even  Wallace  himself,  can  prepare  a 
naturalist  for  the  impressions  that  rush  on  him  with 
confusing  rapidity  on  his  first  visit  to  a  genuine 
tropical  forest.  There  is  a  strange  silence  in  the 
dark  depths  of  these  woods  on  a  still  day  such  as 
this.  No  birds  are  singing  among  the  branches,  no 
call  or  croak  even  is  heard.  One  feels  as  if 
all  were  hushed  in  expectation  as  in  our  native 
woods   before   a   storm    of  lightning   and   thunder 


10 


THE    GABDENEItS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  2,  1887. 


breaks.  No  animal  life  is  to  be  seen  except  the 
numerous  lizards  of  many  colours  and  various  sizes— 
though  none  of  tliem  so  big  as  the  large  iguana  of 
the  coast  and  lower  ground.  An  occasional  hum- 
ming-bird comes  murmurously  up  to  my  face,  but 
the  animal  kingdom  seems  otherwise  to  have  de- 
serted this  part  of  the  forest,  and  not  even  a  mosquito 
is  about.  All  at  once  what  I  take  to  be  the  back  of 
a  beautiful  snake  is  seen  a  few  yards  off,  and  drop- 
ping cutlass  I  dart  towards  it  to  be  suddenly  thrown 
on  my  back  by  a  liane  which  has  caught  me  across 
tlie  bridge  of  the  nose.  On  getting  up  I  see  the 
cause  of  all  my  haste  is  but  a  decaying  narrow 
lanceolate  leaf.  In  the  dim  light  of  these 
woods  even  tlie  experienced  eye  is  constantly 
being  deceived  in  just  such  a  way  as  this,  but 
one  experience  of  the  penalty  of  headlong  ha.ste 
is  generally  enough.  To  be  "  brought  up  standing '' 
is  not  agreeable  (nautically  or  otherwise),  but  to  be 
promptly  thrown  on  one's  back  by  a  cord  stretched 
across  the  bridge  of  the  nose  is  even  less  so.  Up- 
ward we  go,  and  the  boxes  carried  by  the  negroes  are 
r.ipidly  being  filled,  while  every  few  steps  draws  from 
us  exclamations  of  delight  at  the  acquisition  of  a 
fresh  specimen.  That  we  have  been  going  uphill  is 
beyond  dispute,  but  a  good  deal  of  tacking  has  been 
done,  sometimes  to  avoid  a  tree  or  rock,  oftener  to 
obtain  a  specimen,  and  after  an  hour  and  a  half  of  it 
we  halt  to  rest,  and  to  bring  our  combined  faculties 
to  a  focus  with  the  hope  of  making  out  our  where- 
abouts. The  folly  of  attempting  to  reconnoitre 
our  peak  is  ajiparent,  since  in  no  direction 
is  it  possible  to  see  farther  than  a  few  yards, 
and  the  sky  shows  only  in  small  patches 
here  and  there  through  the  roof  of  foliage  far  over 
our  heads.  Tlie  sun  cannot  be  seen,  and  the  mariners' 
compass  is  no  part  of  our  equipment.  We  have 
reached  the  top  of  the  hill  we  have  been  climbing 
after  cruising  about  its  summit  for  some  time. 
However,  it  does  not  occur  to  us  that  we  are  lost, 
since  I,  backed  by  the  opinion  of  Cox  and  Ca?sar,  am 
positive  as  to  the  side  on  which  we  ascended,  and 
as  to  the  expediency  of  returning  in  a  new  direction 
which  shall  land  us  sooner  on  the  track  back  to  the 
hut.  We  set  out  without  farther  discussion,  and  a 
little  way  down  come  upon  a  dirty  watercourse, 
which  doubtless  le-ids  to  the  pond.  We  go  rapidly 
— that  is,  comparatively — down  the  rocky  bed  of  the 
stream,  bagging  a  Tree  Fern  on  the  way,  the  top  part 
of  wliich  Cox  slioulders,  and  then  on  again.  But  it 
is  time  to  call  another  council — we  should  surely 
have  reached  the  lake  before  now,  and  the  winding 
of  the  watercourse  has  not  made  our  sense  of  direc- 
tion any  clearer.  There  are  four  of  us,  and  we  each 
hold  out  for  a  different  point  of  the  compass.  As 
the  wisest  plan,  it  is  agreed  to  ascend  the  hill  on  the 
right,  and  send  Ca!sar  up  a  tall  tree  to  take  obser- 
vations, at  all  events,  of  the  whereabouts  of  the  sun. 
Tliirsty  beyond  endurance,  with  no  water-vine  to 
be  found — weary  and  fatigued,  and  bathed  in  per- 
spiration, we  begin  the  long  climb,  cutting  our  way, 
sliding  back  and  tumbling  among  prickly  under- 
growth, with  the  feeling  of  manhood  taken  out  of 
our  legs  by  the  steaming  heat.  Fairly  spent,  and 
Tvitli  a  thirst  that  was  not  to  be  tampered  with,  the 
toilers  reach  the  summit,  which  is  just  as  hot  and 
close  as  the  valley.  The  climb  has  been  a  long 
one,  though  we  have  travelled  faster  than  before, 
since  no  collecting  can  be  done,  for  the  boxes  are 
full,  and  even  Cox  and  Coesar  can  carry  no  more. 

After  a  few  minutes'  rest  Cjesar  selects  a  tree,  and 
ascends  it  witli  the  agility  of  a  monkey.  We  watch 
him  go  up,  and  when  he  reaches  the  top  of  the  great 
tree  he  sliouts  his  success,  and  then  comes  swinging 
down  from  branch  to  branch  and  climber  to  climber 
in  a  fearsome  way.  He  brings  the  information  that 
we  had  been  going  down  towards  the  other  side  of 
the  island  on  the  outward  slope  of  the  mountain, 
and  that  our  watercourse  ran  to  tlie  sea,  not  to 
the  lake ;  that  we  were  on  the  highest  ground 
anywhere  near;  in  fact,  on  the  top  of  the  peak 
ive  had  gone  forth  to  reconnoitre  I  It  ia  grati- 
fying to  learn,  too,  that  by  keeping  to  the  ridges  we 
may  come  "  at  once  "  (that  means  anything  from 


half  an  hour  onwards — generally  onwards),  on  the 
track  beyond  the  hut,  and  so  get  easy  going.  Down 
again  we  go,  and  follow  the  ridges  or  shoulders  of  the 
liill — then  along  a  gentle  slope,  and  down  again,  when 
Mr.  Elliott,  who  is  leading  at  a  tremendous  pace,  sud- 
denly catches  sight  of  the  track  separated  from  us  by 
a  dense  mass  of  cruel  razor-grass  and  a  precipitous 
rock.  Witli  the  courage  of  ignorance  I  make  for  the 
razor-gi'ass,  and  soon  hands,  wrists,  and  face,  are 
seamed  with  sharp  cuts  and  bleeding  at  a  dozen 
places.  It  has  to  be  done,  however,  and  once  on  the 
rock  I  am  at  home.  I  soon  find  a  ledge  from  which 
a  lower  one  is  reached  and  then  a  jump  lands  me 
on  the  track.  The  others  follow,  and  half  a  mile  or 
so  brings  us  to  the  hut. 

After  washing  in  a  bucket  we  have  dinner,  and 
then  an  evening  stroll  by  the  lake,  during  which  we 
come  upon  a  magnificent  Palm  in  flower.  We  cut 
it  down  with  our  cutlasses,  and  carry  the  lovely  wliite 
and  red  flowers,  some  unopened,  back  with  us  for 
determination.  In  the  evening  Mr.  Striker  is  com- 
municative, and  tells  us  of  a  sulphur  spring  hitherto 
unknown  to  the  white  inhabitants,  and  I  engage  liis 
brother  to  guide  us  there  in  the  morning.  Prepara- 
tions are  then  made  for  slumber.  These  consist  in 
bringing  out  a  couple  of  deck-chaiis — one  wliich  His 
Excellency  the  Governor  had  sat  in  for  me  since  Mr. 
Strikerconnects  me  with  the  control  of  the  comingtotal 
solar  eclipse,  and  I  am  obviously  to  him  a  man  who 
possesses  a  peculiarly  strong  fetish — to  be  propitiated 
at  all  hazards.  I  confess  when  I  see  certain  orna- 
mental knobs  on  it  my  heart  yearned  after  the  other, 
but  the  penalty  of  greatness  liad  to  be  endured. 

In  the  other  division  of  the  hut  many  people  are 
sleeping,  and  tlie  night  noises  ot  the  tropical  forest 
are  somewhat  mixed  with  the  rumbling  sound  of 
many  negroes  snoring  together.  Tlicse  exercises  in 
"  part "  snoring  are  peculiarly  loud,  owing,  I  suppose, 
to  the  trumpet-shaped  nostrils  of  the  negro  race. 
Few  mosquitoes  are  about  but  many  sandflies,  and 
the  amount  of  suffering  endured  may  be  estimated 
from  the  fiict  that  one  sandfly  is  equal  to  about  ten 
mosquitoes  in  bloodthirstiness,  adroitnes.s,  and  per- 
sistency. One  has  heard  a  good  deal  in  recent  years 
of  "  intellect  in  brutes,"  from  the  elephant  to  the 
ant,  but  the  claims  of  the  sandfly,  which  extorts  both 
blood  and  admiration  from  the  observer,  have  been 
shamefully  overlooked,  (r.  Murray. 
(To  be  contimted.) 


Roses. 


KEW  NOTES. 


Masdevallias.  —  The  Kew  collection  of  this 
interesting  genus  is  becoming  quite  a  typical 
one.  a  large  proportion  of  the  cultivated  species 
being  represented.  At  the  present  time  about 
twenty-five  species  ni.iy  be  seen  in  flower,  several 
of  them  being  species  not  commonly  met  with. 
Among  these  may  be  noted  a  fine  plant  of 
the  remarkable  M.  muscosa,  with  peduncles 
covered  with  stiff  green  bristles,  like  a  Moss  Rose. 
A  figure  of  this  remarkable  plant  has  been  pre- 
pared for  the  Botanical  Magazine.  M.  porcelliceps 
is  another  interesting  little  species,  though  perhaps 
not  possessed  of  great  beauty.  The  name  is  given 
to  indicate  that  the  buds  somewhat  resemble  little 
pigs'  heads.  That  little  gem  of  recent  introduction, 
M.  AVendlandiana,  is  now  bearing  six  of  its  neat 
little  flowers.  A  neat  and  pretty  little  species  from 
Costa  Rica  with  lurid  purple  perianth  and  yellow 
tails,  too,  is  in  flower.  This,  we  believe,  is  to  be  pre- 
sently described  as  M.  demissa.  [Seep.  9.]  Somewhat 
resembling  the  latter,  though  taller,  is  another 
species  bearing  the  name  M.  capaularis.  We  do  not 
know  if  the  plant  has  been  described  under  this 
name.  M.  Keiclienbachiana  is  a  larger  species  of 
the  same  affinity,  which  is  extremely  effective.  The 
following  list  shows  the  additional  species  now  in 
flower: — M.  amabilis,  M.  Chelsoni,  M.  coriacea,  M. 
erythroch.Tta,  M.  floribunda,  M.  Ilarryana,  M.  in- 
fracta,  M.  ludibunda,  M.  maculata,  M.  nyctcrina,  M. 
octhodes,  M.  radiosa,  M.  Rcczlii,  M.  Shuttleworthii, 
M.  S.  var.  xanthocorys,  M.  triaristella,  M.  triclia;te, 
M.  Veitcliiana,  M.  Wagenerinna,  and  M.  xantliina. 
Several  other  species  have  fiowcred  earlier  in  the 
season,  but  are  now  gone  off.  li.  A,  li. 


AMONGST  THE   ROSES. 

How  delightfully  variable  our  climate  is,  and  what 
charming  elevations  and  depressions  it  gives  to  the 
minds  of  those  who  are  in  any  way  influenced  by  its 
caprices — Hose  exhibitors  for  example.  The  cold 
sunless  times  of  "merry  May."  as  those  deceivers 
the  poets  of  old  used  to  call  it,  sent  down  their 
spirits  to  zero,  there  was  great  fluttering  amongst 
the  managers  of  shows — "We  must  alter  the  dates, 
or  there  will  be  no  Roses  to  show;"  and  so  they 
began  at  it.  The  writer  did  what  he  could  to  stop 
the  proceeding  (which,  like  most  proceedings  when 
a  panic  is  abroad,  were  absurd),  and  in  some  in- 
stances succeeded,  but  in  others  the  changes  were 
made,  and  that  without  any  consideration  of  the 
feelings  or  interests  of  others  ;  and  now  what  is 
the  state  of  things?  We  jumped  from  winter 
into  summer,  and  June  21  was  what  it  ie  said 
by  some  in  mockery  to  be.  Midsummer  Day;  and  as 
the  thermometer  jumped  up  to  the  SU's  so  the 
spirits  of  the  Rose  growers  revived,  except  in  the 
case  of  those  w^ho  altered  the  dates  of  their  shows, 
and  who  are  now  beginning  to  ask  themselves, 
whether  they  were  quite  right  in  so  doing. 

As  far  as  my  observation  goes,  we  are  likely  to 
have  a  very  fine  bloom.  The  manner  in  which 
Roses  have  pushed  on  is  something  marvellous,  a 
plant  of  climbing  Devoniensis  on  my  house,  which 
a  week  or  two  ago  hardly  showed  a  bud,  is  now  one 
mass  of  bloom.  As  yet  the  foliage  of  all  Roses  that 
I  have  seen  looks  remarkably  clean  and  bright,  and 
the  buds  plump  and  sound.  There  are  a  few  things 
which  every  careful  Rose  grower,  whether  he  be 
an  exhibitor  or  not,  will  now  attend  to : — 1st,  there 
is  the  worm  in  the  bud :  this  I  find  to  be  excessively 
numerous  this  year.  Every  plant  must  then  be 
carefully  hand  picked,  and  the  grub  ruthlessly 
destroyed.  In  the  second  place,  disbudding  must 
be  rigidly  carried  out ;  let  no  tenderness  for  the 
youngsters  induce  the  grower  to  spare  them  ;  they 
should  be  removed  as  soon  as  ever  they  can  be  seen, 
and  only  the  central  bud  left.  If  this  has  been  in 
any  way  injured  or  is  deformed,  or  shows  the  colour 
too  soon — a  bad  sign — then  it  may  be  removed,  and 
one  of  the  side  buds  left,  but  in  any  other  case 
dependence  must  be  placed  on  the  central  bud 
Some  persons  may  be  inclined  to  say,  "  Oh  !  but  I 
don't  exhibit,  and  what  is  the  use  of  all  the  trouble 
about  disbudding? "  Well,  I  do  not  exhibit,  and  yet 
I  disbud  ;  for  surely  it  is  better  to  see  one  well  deve- 
loped flower  adorning  the  top  of  a  shoot  than  to  liave 
three  or  four  half  developed  flowers  crushed  together. 
I  know  it  is  difficult  at  first  to  believe  this,  but  I 
think  we  come  to  it.  We  leave  our  summer  Roses 
to  bloom  as  they  will,  but  I  think  we  have  too  much 
regard  to  the  choicer  productions  of  the  Rose  garden 
to  leave  them  without  this  mark  of  our  tender  affec- 
tion ! 

Another  very  important  matter  now  is  to  give  the 
plants  two  or  three  good  dosings  of  liquid  manure — 
cow-dung  with  a  little  soot  in  it  makes  the  best. 
This  should  be  put  on  in  no  stinted  measure,  and  is, 
of  course,  best  done  in  the  evening.  It  is  well  on 
the  following  evening,  when  the  ground  is  nearly 
dry  again,  to  run  the  hoe  over  the  beds. 
This  prevents  cracking,  loosens  the  soil,  and  ia 
generally  conducive  to  the  health  of  the  plants ;  in 
fact,  the  hoe  is  one  of  the  gardener's  best  friends. 
and  I  should  not  hesitate  to  say  th.at  that  garden  was 
the  best  managed  where  the  hoe  was  most  used,  and 
the  rake  relegated  to  the  tool-house.  The  liquid 
manure  unquestionably  adds  to  the  vigour  of  the 
foliage,  and  the  consequent  excellence  of  the  bloom; 
but  it  does  more — it  encourages  the  starting  of  the 
growths  from  the  base  of  the  plant — those  shoots  on 
which  the  hopes  of  the  grower  hangs  for  another 
year. 

Of  the  two  pests  which  injure  the  foliage  of  the 
Rose  as  much  as  the  maggot  does  the  flowering- 
bud — orange-fungus  and  mildew — I  have  as  yet  seen 
nothing.    I   have   heard   of  the   appearance   of  the 


Jot,y  2,  1887.] 


TEE    GABDENEHB'     CHBONICLE. 


11 


former  in  some  gardens,  but  not  in  this  neighbour- 
hood. An  ingenious'  idea  has  been  evolved  by  a 
ivell-knoivii  writer,  that  the  cause  of  its  greater  fre- 
quency is  the  larger  introduction  of  the  Brier  (which 
is  verv  subject  to  it)  into  our  gardens.  Jty  own 
experience  of  it  is  strange.  I  had  it  very  badly  for 
some  years,  and  my  Roses  ran  under  bare  poles  in 
July,  and  desolation  reigned ;  but  one  year  it 
departed  quite  suddenly,  and  I  have  never  been 
attacked  by  it  since.  It  is  a  miserable  nuisance 
where  it  is  virulent.  As  to  mildew,  it  is,  per- 
haps, rather  early  for  that,  but  if  this  weather 
continues  we  may  soon  expect  to  have  it — at 
least,  if  hot  days  are  succeeded  by  cold  nights,  for  I 
believe  the  sudden  changes  of  temjierature  are  most 
conducive  to  it.  It  may  be  checked  by  the  use  of 
sulphur  or  some  of  its  compounds,  such  as  sulphide 
of  potassium,  but  I  know  no  preventive  and  no  real 
cure  for  it;  it  is  a  great  comfort  that,  although  very 
disfiguring,  it  does  not  seem  to  permanently  injure 
the  plants. 

We  shall  soon  be  in  the  midst  of  the  Rose  exhi- 
bition season,  and  my  hope  is  that  it  will  prove  to  be 
one  such  as  we  have  not  had  for  some  years.  May  it 
be  so.   nVd  Rose. 


WATER   OYER   GLASS   AS    A 
ROOF  TO  TLAXT-HOUSES. 

Some  frames  on  this  new  principle  having,  by  per- 
mission of  the  authorities,  been  exhibited  at  the 
Royal  Botanic  Gardens  in  the  Regent's  Park,  with 
the  plants  grown  in  them  during  the  late  winter  with- 
out artificial  heat,  a  short  description  of  this  mode  of 
cultivating  half-hardy  plants  may  possibly  be  inter- 
esting to  some  of  your  readers. 

The  essence  of  the  invention  is,  that  all  light  and 
heat  admitted  to  jilants  shall  previously  pass  through 
a  shallow  layer  of  water.  The  properties  of  water 
are  found  to  exercise  great  control  over  tempera- 
ture, protecting  plants  entirely  from  frost  in  winter, 
and  from  excessive  direct  heat  in  summer — results 
which  have  a  considerable  influence  on  tlie  economy 
of  plant  culture. 

The  application  of  the  water-surface  involves  no 
difficulty.  In  the  case  of  a  garden  frame  a  sliding 
tank  or  cistern,  about  .3  inches  deep,  is  made  to  fit  over 
the  sill  of  a  frame,  either  of  wood  or  bricks,  contain- 
ing the  plants.  This  tank  is  called  a  "  water-light," 
and  answers  to  the  glass  light  of  an  ordinary  garden 
frame,  the  only  diiFerence  being  that  it  liolds  water, 
and  is  alwjiys  placed  in  a  flat  position.  On  a  larger 
scale,  a  succession  of  these  water-lights  between 
rafters  form  the  roof  of  greenhouses,  &c.  The  depth 
of  water  generally  kept  in  the  tank  is  about  2  inches 
in  winter  and  summer,  and  half  the  depth  in  spring 
and  autumn.  The  water  is  not  usually  encased  in 
glass,  but  remains  in  the  cistern  open  to  the  weather. 

In  winter  the  tank  is  constantly  frozen  over,  but 
as  long  as  a  layer  of  liquid  water  remains  under  the 
ice  the  plants  cannot  be  injured  by  frost.  The  reason 
for  this  is,  that  liquid  water  always  remains  at  .32° 
Fahr.,  or  just  above  freezing-point,  and  the  plants 
below  can  no  more  be  frozen  than  fish  or  other 
creatures  under  a  great  depth  of  ice.  The  plants 
have  the  further  protection  of  the  glass  surface  below 
the  water,  so  that  it  may  be  taken  as  a  rule  that  they 
will  be  exposed  to  no  lower  a  temperature  than  .35° 
Fahr.  At  that  temperature  a  vast  range  of  plants 
can  be  wintered  without  the  assistance  of  artificial 
heat,  and  as  far  as  present  experience  warrants  in 
structures  either  higher  or  more  complicated  than 
garden  frames. 

Water  has,  moreover,  the  singular  property  of  ab- 
sorbing and  retaining  the  heat-rays  of  the  sun  instead 
of  transmitting  them,  as  in  the  case  of  glass,  directly 
to  the  plant.  The  consequence  is  that  in  summer, 
plants,  however  delicate,  may  be  exposed  to  full  sun- 
shine without  being  injured  by  scorching  heat,  and 
shading  therefore  becomes  unnecessary.  For  the 
same  reason  ventilation  and  watering  are  less 
urgently  required,  and  the  height  of  the  structure 
may  be  greatly  reduced. 


Experience  has  shown  that  the  moist  and  regular 
temperature  inside  the  water  frame  is  particuLarly 
adapted  to  striking  cuttings  and  raising  seeds,  difti- 
cult  kinds  of  wliich  liave  been  successfully  brought 
on  under  water  cover.  With  the  addition  of  air 
established  plants  will  grow  well  throughout  tlu' 
year,  being  placed  in  good  conditions  for  health  under 
a  flat  roof  .and  close  to  the  light. 

It  would  appear  that  plant-houses  on  the  water 
principle  will  be  found  very  useful  in  London  and 
other  large  towns  and  suburbs,  where  there  are  many 
small  cultivators  who  wish  to  keep  a  few  plants  from 
year  to  year,  but  have  not  the  advantage  of  a  gar- 
dener or  heated  greenhouse.  These  will  be  enabled  to 
extend  the  field  of  their  gardening  pursuits,  whili'  to 
larger  growers  the  possibility  of  saving  in  fviel,  labour 
or  structure,  is  worth  cnnsiileration. 

I  will  conclude  with  the  hope  that  this  invention, 
which  was  satisfactorily  tested  at  Kew  and  other 
Royal  gardens  through"  the  late  severe  winter,  will 
be  "of  use  in  extending  the  culture  of  greenhouse 
plants.    Thomas  C.  Marsh. 

[A  frame  on  this  principle,  filled  with  soft-wooded 
greenhouse  [plants,  may  be  seen  at  Chiswick.  The 
plants  were  in  the  frame  all  the  winter,  and  svilfered 
no  injury.  Ed.] 


Fruit  Register. 


DANA'S  IIOVEV  PEAK. 
Ir  this  Pear  be  gathered  about  the  middle  of 
October,  when  quite  green  and  hard,  and  put  into 
boxes  or  barrels  like  store  Apples,  it  will  ripen  from 
December  1—30,  with  a  rich  golden-russet  hue, 
unlike  any  other  Pear,  and  possess  a  lusciousness  of 
flavour  unsurpassed  by  any  other  fruit  grown  in  our 
gardens.  Gardeners'  Monthly, 


Wj 


RLOO  Peach. 


This  variety,  with  us  planted  indoors,  has  again  this 
season  done  remarkably  well,  having  perfected  ten 
dozen  handsomely  coloured  fruits,  deliciously  sweet, 
and  of  capital  size.  On  placing  the  tape  around 
some  of  the  individual  fruits,  I  found  them  to  be  over 
9  inches,  and  turning  the  scale  at  half  a  pound  is 
not  at  all  bad  for  an  early  variety.  Last  year  (the 
second  after  planting)  it  carried  8j  dozen  fruits.  I 
have  not  yet  attempted  to  force  it  early,  as  it  is 
planted  in  the  second  house,  and  we  have  no  need 
for  so  doing.  But  started  in  the  end  of  January 
gently,  and  with  a  very  moderate  night  temperature 
throughout,  we  were  able  to  gather  the  first  ripe 
fruit  on  May  27.  I  have  planted  by  its  side  a 
Royal  George,  and  Grosse  ^lignonne — in  ray  opinion 
two  of  the  very  best  Peaches  grown — and  both  of 
them  are  carrying  heavy  crops,  but  they  will  not  be 
ripe  for  some  time — say  five  weeks  after  the  Waterloo. 
From  what  the  Waterloo  has  already  done  here,  I 
assume  it  would  succeed  "well  in  a  cold  house.  H. 
Markham,  Mcrcworth  Castle. 


POTATO  FERTILISERS. 

An  experiment  with  different  fertilisers  on  Potatos 
was  conducted  last  year  at  the  Agricultural  Experi- 
ment Station  at  the  State  College  of  Kentucky. 
The  conclusions  arrived  at  are  : — 

1.  That  the  application  of  stable  manure  greatly 
injures  the  quality  of  the  Potato. 

2.  That  the  application  of  the  nitrate  of  soda  is 
injurious  to  the  quality  of  the  Potato.  This  will 
probably  hold  good  to  the  application  of  any  nitro- 
genous fertiliser. 

3.  The  inference  is,  based  upon  one  trial,  that  the 
result  in  the  quality  of  the  Potato  is  the  same 
whether  sulphate  or  muriate  of  potash  is  used,  at 
least  in  combination  with  nitrate  of  soda  and  super- 
phosphates. 

The  highest  quality — that  is,  the  highest  per- 
centage of  starch — was  found  in  Potatos  raised  with- 
out manure  ;  in  these  the  percentage  of  starch  was 
15'98.  Tubers  raised  with  superphosphate  of  lime 
and  sulphate  of  potash  stood  next,  the  starch  being 
15'97.    This  fertiliser,  600  pounds  of  superphosphate 


and  200  pounds  sulphate  of  potash,  also  gave  the 
largest  yield  but  one  of  large  Potatos— 203  bushels  to 
the  acre.  The  use  of  superphosphate  in  the  same 
quantity,  and  300  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda,  gave 
213  bushels  of  large  Potiitos,  but  the  percentage  of 
starch  in  the  last  was  only  15-13.  One  and  a  half 
ton  of  stable-manure  to  tlie  acre  gave  170  bushels  of 
large  tubers,  with  a  starch  percentage  of  14-65,  The 
yield  with  no  manure  was  138  bushels  of  large  tubers. 
These  conclusions  agree  with  other  experiments, 
and  may  be  further  confirmed.  "  VicJc's  Illmfrated 
Maga:uic  "for  May. 


"THE   BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE." 

(Continued  from  p.  7(38,  vol.  i.,  3rd  scr.) 

THIRD   PERIOD:    1827  —  1864. 

Sin  Wir.LiAji  Hooker. — We  have  now  reached  an 
exceedingly  .active  period  in  English  gardening 
generally,  and  in  flower-gardening  particularly.  In- 
timately connected  with  the  latter  was  a  simultaneous 
advance  in  systematical  and  geographical  botany. 
Promoters  and  practitioners  of  the  three  cognate 
branches  of  knowledge  were  numerous  ;  yet  it  is  not 
unfair  to  the  whole  body  of  them  to  assert  that  the 
extraordinary  developments  of  the  time  were  very 
largely  due  to  the  exertions  of  two  remarkable 
men— I  mean  Sir  William  Hooker  and  Dr.  Lindley. 
The  former  was  Professor  of  Botany  at  Glasgow,  and 
the  latter  was  Assistant-Secretary  to  the  Horticul- 
tural Society  of  London,  and  was  nominated  Professor 
of  Botany  in  University  College,  London,  then  called 
the  University  of  London,  in  1829.  Both  of 
these  men  possessed  unusual  capabilities  for  work, 
combined  with  administrative  and  organising  talents 
of  no  mean  degree.  When  Sir  William  undertook 
the  post  of  editor  of  the  Botanical  Mar/aHne,  Samuel 
Curtis  was  still  the  proprietor  and  nominal  "  con- 
ductor "  of  it ;  and  at  that  date  there  were  in 
existence  no  fewer  than  ten  English  serial  publica- 
tions, illustrating  in  colours  the  cultivated  plants  of 
English  gardens.  Therefore  it  was  no  easy  task  to 
resuscitate  one  in  an  advanced  stage  of  decay,  such 
as  he  found  the  Magazine  ;  and  it  was  only  a  person 
of  great  resources  that  could  have  accomplished  it. 

As  already  mentioned,  Hooker  at  once  discontinued 
his  Exotic  Flora,  and  threw  his  whole  energies  into 
the  older  serial.  Although  his  n.ame  appears  on  the 
titlepage  as  the  author  of  the  descriptions  only,  ho 
was  actually  the  artist  as  well,  acting  in  this  double 
capacity  for  ten  years ;  and  it  is  not  too  much  to 
say  that  he  was  unequalled  as  a  botanical  draughts- 
man. He  had  a  clean  finished  style  peculiarly  his 
own  ;  and  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  service  of 
colourists  of  abilities  rarely  met  with  at  the  present 
dav.  A  glance  at  the  few  plates  he  contributed  to 
the  end  of  the  fifty-third  volume  will  be  sufficient 
to  convince  anybody  of  the  accuracy  of  this  state- 
ment, though  the  great  superiority  of  his  work  is 
more  evident  in  subsequent  volumes.  Previously  no 
adequate  analyses  of  the  flowers  and  fruits  were 
given,  but  he  introduced  full  and  often  very  elaborate 
dissections. 

In  his  first  volume  (the  fifty-fourth  of  the  whole 
work)  he  initiated  the  custom  of  dedicating  the 
volumes  to  persons  eminent  in  botany  or  horticulture. 
This  volume  is  dedicated  to  Robert  Barclay,  Esq., 
of  Bury  Hill,  Dorking,  and  as  the  words  addressed  to 
him  by  the  dedicator  throw  some  further  light  on 
the  history  of  the  Magazine,  I  will  reproduce  them  ; — 

"  Upwards  of  forty  years  ago  the  first  series  of  the 
Botanical  Magazine  was  begun,  under  your  auspices, 
by  its  Lamented  editor,  Jlr.  William  Curtis.  At  the 
expiration  of  so  long  a  period  it  is  with  no  ordinary 
satisfaction  that  I  am  enabled  to  inscribe  your  name 
at  the  head  of  the  present  series  of  the  work, 
suggested  by  your  zeal  for  the  encouragement  of 
science,  and  renewed  under  your  enlightened 
patronage." 

In  addition  to  jiortraits  of  plants  cultivated  in  this 
country.  Hooker,  through  his  widespread  connections, 
was  able  to  give  figures  of  important  economic  and 
other  interesting  pLants,  such  as  the  Butter-nut, 
double  Cocoa-nut,  Cochineal  Fig,  Clove,  and  Nut- 
meg, in  the  volume  in  question.    These  were  figureil 


12 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHRONICLE. 


[JcLT  2,  1887. 


from  drawings  supplied  by  Cliarlcs  Telfair,  of  the 
Mauritius,  and  the  Rev.  E.  Guilding,  of  St.  Vincent. 
Among  Orchids  in  this  volume  are  Zygopetalum 
Mackaii  (pi.  274S),  and  Oncidium  pulchellum* 
(pi.  2773),  both  described  here  tor  the  first  time. 

Of  special  interest  in  the  fifty-fifth  volume  are 
Cycas  circinalis,  the  Baobab,  and  the  Bread-fruit 
tree,  with  the  history  of  its  introduction  into  the 
British  West  Indies.  In  the  same  volume  (pi.  28.51), 
is  a  figure  of  Cattlcya  intermedia.t  Among  other 
notable  plants  introduced  about  this  time  were 
Euphorbia  splendens  (pi.  2902) ;  Renanthera  coccinea 
(pi.  2997) ;  Peristeria  data,  the  Dove  Flower  or  cl 
Spirito  Santo  (pi.  3116)  ;  Cephalotus  foUicuIaris,  the 
Australian  Pitcher-plant  (pi.  3118-9)  ;  Bletia  Shcp- 
herdii  (pi.  3319),  named  in  honour  of  the  brothers 
Shepherd,  wlio  gained  so  great  a  reputation  for  the 
Liverpool  Botanic  Garden ;  and,  making  a  consider- 
able leap,  the  lovely  Australian  Rhodanthe  Manglesii 
(pi.  3483).  This  brings  us  down  to  1836,  the  date  of 
a  notable  event  in  pictorial  botany. 

W.  II.  Fitch. 
As  I  must  perforce  pass  over  much  that  is  interest- 
ing, I  cannot  do  better,  perhaps,  than  halt  at  the 
point  where  this  famous  botanical  artist  makes  his 
first  appearance,  which,  so  far  as  the  Botanical 
Magazine  is  concerned,  took  place  in  1836.  By  this 
time  Hooker's  botanical  labours  were  so  multifarious 
that  he  found  it  necessary  to  obtain  some  assistance 
in  drawing  plants,  and  hearing  of  this  then  young  artist, 
he  sought  him  out,  engaged  liim,  and  soon  inducted  him 
into  botanical  drawing.  The  earliest  plate  I  have 
observed  bearing  Fitch's  initials  is  tab  :  3514,  Myan- 
thus  barbatus  var.  (vol.  63),  but  in  the  next  volume 
he  is  almost  sole  artist,  and  continued  as  such  down 
to  the  end  of  the  103rd  volume  (1877),  contributing 
altogether  about  2800  plates.  It  is  almost  superfluous 
for  me  to  add  tliat  this  forms  only  a  small  portion  of 
the  work  done  by  this  accomplished  botanical  artist, 
whose  name  appears  in  every  English  illustrated 
botanical  and  horticultural  work  of  importance  pub- 
lished during  the  last  half  century. 

In  1845  Dr.  .1.  D.  (now  Sir  Joseph)  Hooker 
described  (in  Hooker's  London  Journal  nf  Botany,  iv., 
p.  640,  pi.  23  and  24)  the  singular  arboreous  Com- 
posite, Fitchia  nutans,  a  native  of  Tahiti  and  other 
islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean;  and  in  1869  he  dedi- 
cated the  ninety-fifth  volume  of  the  ilagazine  "  to 
the  accomplished  artist  and  lithographer  of  upwards 
of  2500  of  the  plates  already  published  in  the  Maga- 
zine." 

The  same  year  that  Fitch  commenced  drawing  for 
the  Magazine  the  honour  of  knighthood  was  conferred 
on  the  editor,  the  elder  Hooker,  in  recognition  of  the 
great  services  he  had  rendered  to  botany. 

In  other  respects  the  sixty-third  volume  of  the 
Botanical  Marjazinc,  is  a  noteworthy  one.  It  contains 
evidence  of  the  rapid  extension  of  Orchid  culture 
and  an  index  to  the  previous  nine  volumes.  Plate  3530 
(Ribes  5peciosnm)was  drawn  by  William  Curtis,  a  son  of 
Samuel,  who  is  still  living  with  his  sister  in  Jersey. 
The  sixty-fourth  volume  is  dedicated  to  James  Bate- 
man,  Esq.,  of  Knypersley  Hall,  Cheshire,  author  of 
the  magnificent  Orchidacca^  of  Mexico  and  Guatemala, 
and  an  illustrated  Monograph  of  Odontoglossum,  and 
after  Cattley  one  of  the  earliest  private  growers  of 
Orchids  on  a  large  scale.  His  collection  was  greatly 
enriched  by  George  Ure-Skinner,  who  sent  his  first 
consignment  of  Orchids  from  Guatemala  in  1835.{ 
Twenty  of  the  figures  in  this  volume  are  of  Orchids, 

"  The  first  Oni-idium  in  the  Magaziue  is  O.  bifolium  (pi. 
1491),  cultivated  by  Loddiges  in  1812.  "  This  was  hung  up  in 
the  cabin  of  the  ship  without  earth,  and  continued  to  flower 
great  part  o(  the  voyage  home,"  thereby  teaching  gardeners  a 
lesson. 

t  It  is  worthy  of  record  here  that  Lindley  founded  the  genus 
Cattleya  in  honour  ot  W.  Cattley,  a  gentleman  wllo  was  the 
most  successful  of  the  earlier  amateur  cultivators  ot  epiphytal 
Orchids.  The  original  species  was  C.  labiata,  figured  in  the 
Collectanea  Betanica  (plate  .13)  in  1821 ;  and  Lindley  wrotf^ 
concerning  it  as  being  "  without  exception  the  handsomest 
species  of  the  order  he  had  seen  alive." 

I  Mr.  Bateman  estimates  that  at  least  300  species  new  to 
gardens  were  introduced  in  1837,  chiefly  from  Mexico  and 
Guatemala, 


and  the  immediately  succeeding  volumes  contain  a 
larger  proportion.  The  first  Odontoglossum  (O. 
bictoniense)  that  reached  England  alive,  as  I  learn 
from  Bateman 's  Monograph,  is  figured  on  plate  3812, 
where  it  bears  the  name  Zygopetalum  africanum, 
given  owing  to  an  error  as  to  its  origin.  This  was 
one  of  Skinner's  numerous  introductions. 

The  sixty-eighth  volume  of  tlie  Magazine  is  dedi- 
cated to  Mrs.  Lawrence,  of  Ealing  Park,  the  mother 
of  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence,  and  one  of  the  most  ardent 
horticulturists  of  her  day.  Meanwhile,  in  1841,  Sir 
William  Hooker  had  been  appointed  Director  of  the 
Royal  Gardens,  Kew.  W.  B.  H. 

(  To  be  coniinuej .') 


A  PROLIFIED   CATTLEYA. 

We  are  indebted  to  M.  Lucien  Linden  for  the  com- 
munication of  specimens  of  tiiis  remarkable  flower. 
It  is  the  more  noteworthy  inasmuch  as  the  deformity 
is  reproduced  year  after  year — a  circumstance  which, 
as  we  understand,  has  led  Professor  Reichenbach  to 
call  it  Cattleya  intermedia  var.  prolifera.  The 
growth  in  question  seems  to  have  begun  life  as  a 
flower,  and  then  to  liave  produced  two  side  branches, 
each  in  its  turn  terminated  by  a  flower.  Thus  in 
the  specimen  before  us  the  inferior  ovary  and 
column  were  entirely  wanting,  but  there  were 
three    sepals.   A,    b,    c   (figs.    2   and    3),    in     the 


"  I  alone  have  this  plant."  The  two  )jerigonial 
whorls  are  free,  so  that  the  organs  stand  much 
farther  apart  than  usual.  I  know  well  an 
approximation  to  this  is  usual,  but  here  the  case  is 
excessive.  There  is  no  column  at  all.  It  is  repre- 
sented by  a  branch  bearing  nearly  no  axis,  but  show- 
ing two  flowers  with  pedicelled  ovaries  standing  in 
front  of  the  petals,  and  being  nearly  normal.  Only 
the  columns  are  more  or  less  aberrant.  Between  the 
two  pedicels  is  a  small  tumour  with  a  small  leafy 
scale,  or  a  long  leafy  body  on  a  little  tumour. 

This  is  a  very  uncommon  sight.  You  might 
become  poetical,  and  speak  of  birds  flying  away ;  or 
you  might  say  with  Castel — 

"  In^ecic  vegftal,  de  qui  laficnr  ailcc 
Semitic  quitter  sa  tigc  et  prendre  la  volir.'' 

A  fine  representation  should  be  given  in  the  second 
edition  of  the  Vegetable  Teratology  of  Dr.  Maxwell 
T.  Masters.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that,  after 
nearly  twenty  years,  a  fresh  edition  of  this  book  is 
greatly  wanted.  If  the  Ray  Society  be  not  inclined 
to  bring  it  out,  a  subscription  might  be  opened 
that  would  enable  even  the  most  cautious  book- 
seller (and  I  am  afraid  no  bookseller  is  not  cautious !) 
to  publish  this  useful  work.  H.  G.  Schb.  ,/'.  [A 
German  edition,  prepared  by  Jlr.  Dammer,  and  with 
numerous  additions,  has  recently  been  issued.  Ed.] 


^        / 


Fig.  2.— PL.IN  OF  PROLIFEBOirs  CATTLEVJ 


usual  position.  Aljove  the  sepals  the  .axis  of  the 
flower  was  prolonged  for  a  sliort  distance,  and  then 
bore  a  whorl  of  three  petals — two,  d  e,  like  the 
ordinary  side  petals,  and  one,  f,  like  the  lip.  Nothing 
more  was  borne  in  the  central  line  except  one  petal- 
like segment,  a,  borne  quite  close  to  the  apex  of 
the  floral  axis,  but  probably  a  lateral  outgrowth. 

From  the  axil  of  each  of  the  side  petals,  d  e,  pro- 
ceeds a  stalk  bearing  an  imperfect  flower  with  three 
sepals,  one  partially  lip-like.  In  addition  there  is 
one  perfect  lip,  h,  and  in  the  centre  a  mass  of  irre- 
gular segments,  which  may  represent  petals  and 
possibly  stamens,  but  the  arrangement  was  too  con- 
fused to  enable  us  to  determine  their  position  with 
accuracy.  The  secondary  flowers,  like  the  primary 
one,  had  no  ovaries.  The  flower,  therefore,  presents 
an  illustration  of  suppression  of  the  ovary,  displace- 
ment of  parts,  axillary  floral  prolification,  and 
irregular  formation  of  perianth-segments.  The 
illustration  and  plan  will  convey  a  better  idea  of  the 
appearance  of  the  flower  and  tlie  relative  arrange- 
ment of  the  parts  than  any  description  could  do. 
M.  T.  M. 

The  above  paragraph  had  been  in  type  for  some 
weeks  before  we  received  the  following  note  from 
Prof.  Reichenbach,  which  we  now  do  ourselves  the 
honour  of  appending : — 

Cattleta  inteemedia  prolifera,  «.  monstr. 
Director  Lucien  Linden  has  twice  sent  me  a  won- 
derful prolification  of  this  well-known  species,  a 
prolification  whicli  appears  to  be  constant,  so  that  it 
deserves  a  place  of  honour  in  one  of  the  richest 
collections  of  Cattleyas  as  a  wonder,  such  as 
amateurs  so  much  like  to  show  with   the  remark. 


CHISWICK    NOTES. 

CnAslnE  coRDiFOLiA. — Amongst  hardy  herbaceous 
perennials  and  one  not  often  written  about,  this 
holds  no  mean  place.  What  a  showy  subject 
for  wild  gardens,  in  a  prominent  situation  where 
its  just  claims  to  this  style  of  work  could  be 
fully  realised.  At  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Gardens,  Chiswick,  there  is  just  now  an  imposing 
specimen  in  flower;  its  bold  heart-shaped  leaves, 
surmounted  by  its  rambling  many-branched  panicles 
of  small  white  flowers,  emitting  a  pleasant  honey- 
like perfume,  make  it  an  effective  plant  in  certain 
fitting  positions. 

SPIK.EA    AEUNCCS. 

A  splendid  hardy  herbaceous  plant  is  this.  In  a 
border  (a  very  suitable  position  for  it),  at  tlie  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  Cliiswick,  a  vigorous 
specimen  is  very  attractive  with  its  immense  tripin- 
nately  divided  leaves,  and  its  bold  and  graceful 
spikes  of  white  or  creamy-white  flowers. 

Irises. 

The  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens  at 
Chiswick  have  this  season  a  remarkably  fine  collec- 
tion of  Irises,  occupying  a  great  space.  One  feature 
to  be  observed  is,  that  the  colours  are  grouped 
together,  so  far  as  is  possible,  and  in  tliis  manner  not 
only  is  an  efl'ective  display  made,  but  good  oppor- 
tunities for  comparison  are  also  given.  Irises  are 
especially  noticeable  on  account  of  the  great  variety 
of  colours  they  possess — white,  brown,  blue,  bronze, 
yellow,  and  purple,  &c.,  being  met  with  in  many 
shades  and  combinations.  We  heregive  an  enmera- 
tion  of  the  best  varieties  growing  at  Chiswick. 

In  the  Pallida  section  there  are ; — Celeste, 
with  standards  of  a  celestial-blue  colour  and 
light  blue  falls ;  J.ames  Hunter,  standards  lilac- 
purple,  falls  purple-lilac  ;  lilacina,  standards  and  falls 
lavender,  tinged  with  lilac — a  very  delicate  flower ; 
Jlandralisca,  standards  and  falls  purple-lavender; 
Walner,  standards  deep  lavender-blue,  falls  purple, 
mottled  white.  Of  the  amccna  section  we  may  name 
Victorine,  with  standards  of  white  mottled  witli  blue, 
and  falls  of  rich  violet-blue,  the  upper  part  being 
mottled  white  ;  Morpheus,  standards  white,  tinged 
lavender,  falls  violet,  mottled  white;  Comte  de  St. 
Clair  has  some  white  standards,  and  crimson-purple 
falls  reticulated  with  white.  There  are  some  spe- 
cially fine  varieties  of  the  Neglecta  section,  of  which 
Kitty  Kingsbury,  having  lavender  standards  and  falls 
of  rich  purple-crimson,  is  a  conspicuous  one;  Marian, 
standards  deep  lilac,  falls  rich  crimson-purple,  con- 
spicuously reticulated  with  white,  is  a  distinct  and 


July  2,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


13 


pleasing  novelty  ;  Fairy  Queen  has  lavender  standards 
flaked  with  purple-blue  and  falls  of  purple-blue 
reticulated  white<  The  varieties  Nationale,  standards 
purple-blue,  falls  rich  velvety-crimson  ;  and  Virginie, 
standards  lavender,  falls  rich  velvety  crimson,  lined 
with  white,  are  also  good. 

The  squalens  section  shows  some  peculiar  colours,  as 
in  La  Presticuse,  having  standards  of  a  glitteringbronze 
hue  and  rich  velvety-crimson  falls,  reticulated  with 
white;  in  Greyhound,  with  standards  of  light  fawn, 
shaded  with  bronze-lilac,  and  red-purple  falls ;  and 
A.  F.  Barron,  standards  glittering  brown-bronze,  falls 
velvety  maroon-crimson,  reticulated  white  and  yellow. 
Other  good  varieties  in  this  section  are  Exquisite, 
standards  sulphur,  falls  light  purple ;  Jean  Sisley, 
standards  red-bronze,  falls  rich  crimson  ;  and  Hugli 
Block,  standards  primrose-bronze,  falls  reticulated 
with  pm-ple,  white  and  brown. 


Trees  and  Shrubs- 


ACEll  WOELYI. 
This  is  a  handsome  form  of  the  common  Syca- 
more, with  reddish  leafstalks  and  clear  yellow 
leaves.  It  is  very  effective,  and  worth  the  notice  of 
those  on  the  look-out  for  ornamental  trees.  AVe  saw 
it  lately  in  the  nurseries  of  Jlr.  A.  Waterer. 

Raphiolepis  ovata. 
A  fine,  hold,  evergreen  slirub,  with  thick  leathery 
leaves  of  roundish  oblong  outline,  rounded  at  the  far 
end,  tapering  to  a  stout  stalk,  deep  green  at  base, 
paler  beneath.  The  flowers  are  borne  in  clusters  at 
the  end  of  the  shoots,  as  in  a  Rhododendron,  and 
resemble  those  of  a  Pear.  Miss  Owen  sends  speci- 
mens from  Gorey,  Ireland,  where  it  is  (jnite  hardy. 


in  Ireland  and  Southern  England, 
was  sent  bv  Jliss  Owen. 


Our  specimen 


HelICURYSOM   nOSMABINIFOLICM 

is  anotlier  flowering  shrub  of  great  beauty,  nearly 
allied  to  the  last-named,  but  with  narrow  linear 
leaves.  It  is  a  native  of  Tasmania,  Victoria,  and 
New  South  Wales,  but  makes  itself  at  home  at 
Cork,  whither  it  was  sent  to  us  by  Mr.  Hartland, 
who  says  the  bushes  are  as  if  covered  with  snow.  If 
sprays  be  cut  now,  placed  in  close  boxes  or  bags, 
and  kept  in  a  dry  place,  they  will  keep  like  "  Ever- 
lastings," and  so  far  justify  their  association  with  the 
genus  Helichrysum. 

Weeping  Beech. 

Those  who  have  seen  the  specimen,  or  specimens, 

of  this  tree  at  the  Knap  Hill  Nurseries  will  admit 


Fig.  3. — cattleya  intekmedia,  with  prolified  flowers,    (she  p.  12.) 


In  the  variegated  section,  which  is  a  showy  one. 
there  are  worthy  of  mention — Honourable,  standards 
deep  yellow,  falls  brown  reticulated  yellow  ;  Minor 
standards  rich  yellow,  falls  crimson,  edged  yellow — 
very  distinct ;  Beaconsfield,  standards  primrose,  falls 
rich  velvety-crimson,  edged  primrose ;  and  Regina, 
standards  rich  primrose,  falls  white,  conspicuously 
veined  purple,  and  edged  with  yellow. 

Many  more  varieties  might  be  enumerated,  but  the 
foregoing  selection  must  suffice,  as  from  it  variety  might 
be  obtained  suitable  for  cutting  purposes,  as  well  as  for 
planting  beside  walks,  drives,  bordering  shrubberies, 
&c.,  where  masses  of  bold  plants  are  serviceable.  B. 


Fruit  Prospects.  —  The  prolonged  hot,  dry 

weather,  coming  as  it  did  suddenly  after  a  long,  cold 
spring,  has  proved  disastrous  to  the  fruit  crops  in  Kent. 
Cherries,  Plums,  and  Apples  are  dropping  their  young 
fruits,  and  Pears,  especially  the  long-stalked  varie- 
ties, have  suffered  greatly.  The  Lackey  moth  and 
the  Nut-weevil  grub  have  done  great  mischief.  Alto- 
gether the  prospects  for  the  grower  are  not  bright. 


Hakea  microcaepa. 

A  curiosity,  with  leaves  of  two  forms :  the  lower 
ones  are  thick,  leathery,  narrow,  linear-lanceolate, 
channelled  ;  these  pass  on  the  'side  shoots  into  very 
long,  cylindrical,  needle-like  leaves,  giving  the  plant 
the  aspect  of  the  Spanish  Broom.  The  whitish, 
stalked  flowers  have  four  linear  spoon-shaped  petals, 
each  enclosing  an  anther  and  a  central  pistil. 
Hardy  at  KnockmuUen. 

SwAMMERDAMIA   ANTENNARIA,  Hoft. 

We  prefer  for  garden  purposes  to  keep  this  name, 
for  gardeners  are  not  likely  to  recognise  its  close 
affinity  to  Helichrysum,  with  which,  however,  it  is  in- 
corporated by  most  botanists.  In  any  case  it  is  a 
handsome  shrub,  with  small  linear-obovate  leaves, 
white  on  the  under  surface  ;  there  are  very  numerous 
dense  panicles  of  small  white  flower-heads.  It  is 
very  eflective  as  a  shrubbery  plant,  or  for  decorative 
purposes.    It  is  a  native  of  Tasmania,  but  is  hardy 


that  this  is  one  of  the  most  marvellous  of  trees  ;  but 
of  course  we  are  never  satisfied,  and  so  we  must  have 
weeping  Purple  Beeches,  and  of  these  again  Mr. 
Waterer  has  a  number  whose  branches  are  so  much 
bent  downwards  that  they  resemble  the  arms  of  a 
soldier  at  "  attention."  A  comparison  with  the  so- 
called  Coventry  Beech  will  show  that  while  in  the 
latter  the  branches  are  horizontal,  like  a  railway 
signal  at  "  stop,"  in  the  Knap  Hill  trees  the  branches 
are  parallel  with  the  stem,  in  a  manner  that  can  only 
be  called  "all  right."  Whatever  be  the  motive  for 
this  deflection  in  the  first  instance,  it  is  obvious  that 
it  would  be  a  valuable  protection  against  an  undue 
weight  of  snow. 


A  Fantastic  Plant.— How  strangely  difi'erent 
are  the  idioms  of  the  two  languages.  A  French 
horticultural  journal  speaks  of  the  Victoria  regia 
as  a  plante  "  fantastique" .'  A  literal  translation 
would  surely  be  very  inappropriate. 


14 


THE    GABDENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


[Jdlt  2,  1887. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 


CATTLEYAS  AND  ODONTOGLOSSUMS  AT 
TRING  PARK. 
Whatever  plants  are  taken  in  hand  by  Mr. 
Hill  in  Lord  Rothschild's  garden  are  well  grown, 
and  the  showy  sections  of  Orchids  especially  so. 
At  present  there  is  a  grand  display  of  Cattleya 
Mendelii  and  C.  llossiic  and  its  varieties  in  the 
Cattleya-house,  a  very  handsome  and  massive  form 
of  the  white-petalled  C.  M.  Reineckiana  and  other 
good  things  being  among  them.  The  huge  plants  of 
C.  gigas  and  its  varieties  are  preparing  to  make  their 
annual  show,  and  are  striking  examples  that  these 
plants,  when  when  cultivated,  do  not  degenerate,  but 
increase  in  size  and  beauty  every  year.  The  Odon- 
toglossum-house  has  many  massive  spikes  of  the 
broad-petalled  forms  of  O.  crispum,  wliose  beauty  is 
heightened  by  having  many  briffht  orauge-searlet 
Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus  among  them.  The 
Vanda  teres-house  also  has  plenty  of  bloom,  and  a 
pure  white  form  of  it  is  showing  flower.  There  are  also 
some  dozen  and  a  half  spikes  of  the  beautiful  Vanda 
Hookeriana,  which  nowhere  flowers  so  freely  as  at 
Tring  Park.  The  Phalainopsis-house,  too,  with  its 
massive  specimens,  forming  one  of  the  very  best 
examples  of  Phahonopsis  culture  in  the  country,  still 
keeps  up  to  its  mark.  Among  its  occupants  we 
noticed  a  charming  pink  form  of  P.  Sanderiana, 
which  seemed  all  the  more  showy  on  account  of  its 
having  bright  crimson  lines  on  the  side  lobes  of  the 
labellum.  H. 

Cattleya  Mendelii,  Handley's  variety. 
Through  Mr.  Jas.  Cypher,  Queen's  Road  Nursery, 
Cheltenham,  we  have  received  a  twin-flowered  spike  of 
this  surpassingly  beautiful  Cattleya.  The  well-formed 
flowers  are  nearly  9  inches  across,  sepals  and  petals 
of  a  delicate  blush  colour,  the  labellum  broad,  well- 
rounded,  and  frilled,  violet  tinted  mauve  in  the  front 
portion,  yellow,  veined  with  white  in  the  middle,  and 
rose,  veined  with  white  at  the  base.  To  the  eye  the 
flowers  present  ditt'erences  from  other  high-class 
Mendeliis,  and  beauties  not  easy  to  describe. 

Orchis  pyeamidalis 
is  now  beautifully  in  flower  in  several  places  around 
Colwyn  Bay,  in  Carnarvonshire.  Few  of  our  native 
plants  are  more  showy  and  interesting  than  this 
pretty  Orchid,  and  as  to  its  lasting  qualities  in  a  cut 
state,  why,  they  are  excellent,  a  dozen  flowers  placed 
in  a  vase  having  lasted  with  us  for  considerably  over 
a  fortnight.  They  are  sweetly  scented,  and  of  a  rich 
rosy  hue.  A.  S.  W.  [Some  people  find  the  scent 
objectionable.  Ed.] 

Mr.  Measures'  Orchids. 
Cattleya.  MossicB  Arnoldiana. — The  finest  known 
form  of  this  lovely  variety  is  now  in  flower  in  tlie 
Woodlands  collection.  It  is  similar,  to  but  decidedly 
superior,  to  C.  M.  Reineckiana,  the  colouring  of  the 
labellum  being  much  richer  and  the  sepals  and  petals 
more  beautifully  white.  Thus  the  combination  of 
bright  colours  in  the  lip  with  the  snow-white  jiarts 
of  which  the  flowers  are  composed,  render  this  the 
most  pleasing  and  beautiful  form  of  the  Mossia;  sec- 
tion. The  present  is  a  good  time  to  seek  permis- 
sion to  visit  this  superb  collection,  the  plants  being 
all  ablaze  with  blossoms,  while  the  kinds  grown  are 
the  best  procurable.  The  great  show  of  flowers  is 
due  to  the  clean  and  vigorous  condition  of  the  plants, 
the  Cattleyas,  especially  C.  Warnerii,  truly  revelling 
In  the  treatment  received.  The  rare  white  C. 
Bluntii  is  now  in  perfection.  This  handsome  plant 
was  flrst  flowered  by  John  Day,  Esq.,  of  Tottenham, 
and  was  named  in  honour  of  its  discover,  Mr.  H. 
Blunt.  It  has  always  been  a  very  scarce  and  most 
desirable  plant,  which  is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  con- 
sidering its  great  beauty.  The  varieties  of  C.  Mendelii 
grown  at  The  Woodlands  are  probably  unequalled, 
two  of  the  flnest  being  C.  M.  Measuresiana  and  C. 
M.  fimbriata ;  these  two  magnificent  kinds  are  alone 
worth  a  long  journey   to  see.    The  many  species 


and  varieties  of  Odontoglossum  now  in  bloom 
are  a  study  in  themselves,  the  pendulous  sweetly- 
scented  0.  citrosmum  and  the  regal  0.  crispum 
being  represented  by  hundreds  of  blossoms  of  each 
kind,  some  of  the  varieties  being  almo.>it  priceless, 
from  their  extratordinary  size,  novelty,  rarity,  or, 
great  beauty.  The  best  of  the  Miltonia  vexillaria 
were  M.  v.  pulcherrima  and  M.  v.  cruenta.  the 
former  the  handsomest  light-coloured  variety  I  re- 
member  to  have  ever  seen ;  the  latter  a  beautiful 
rose-coloured  flower,  with  a  blood-red  spot  in  the 
centre  of  the  labellum. 

The  cool-houses  are  now  gay  with  quantities  of 
Masdevallias  in  full  perfection ;  the  collection 
includes  all  the  best  kinds,  and  and  also  the  new  M. 
Veitchii  sulphurea,  a  most  charming  novelty.  Here 
we  find  the  best  and  largest  cultivated  specimens  of 
Cymbidium  Lowianum  in  the  country  ;  one  specimen 
is  now  carrying  nearly  300  flowers.  Aerides  HouUeti- 
anum  majus  deserves  special  mention,  being  the 
largest  and  best  variety  known  of  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  species  ever  introduced.  It  is  quite 
impossible  to  do  justice  to  this  collection  iu  a  short 
note.  It  is,  however,  a  great  satisfaction  to  be  able 
to  say  that  its  progress  is  by  leaps  and  bounds,  and 
that  it  bids  fair  to  rival,  if  not  excel,  the  very  best 
of  our  present  amateurs.  There  are  many  interesting 
and  beautiful  genera  uow  in  blossom  of  which  I  have 
made  no  mention,  such  as  Cojlogyne,  Phaius,  Sacco- 
labium,  Lailia,  Cypripedium,  &c.  Leo  Gordon. 


The  Apiary. 

PLENTY  OF  PASTUUAGE. 

As  I  write  the  sun  is  shining  down  with  tropical 
heat  upon  the  old  Wiltshire  downs  and  plain.  All 
Nature  is  responding  to  its  life-giving  rays,  and  the 
change  in  the  face  of  Nature  about  liere  during  the 
last  fortnight  is  sonit'thing  astonishing.  If  one  had 
slept  during  the  la.-^t  few  days,  like  our  friend  the 
Frenchman,  and  taken  a  peep  at  thn  country  just 
before  and  after  liis  nap,  the  difierence  would  have 
been  more  manifest.  About  300  yards  from  here 
there  is  a  very  large  field  of  Trifolium  in  full  bloom  ; 
and,  as  if  to  be  kind  to  my  bees,  the  owner  of  the  said 
Trifolium  has  fixed  a  few  hurdles  at  one  corner,  and 
allowed  his  sheep  to  feed  therein.  The  hurdles  are 
moved  a  little  each  day,  and  so  the  Trifolium  will 
last  the  sheep  and  the  bees  at  least  a  fortnight.  By- 
the-bye,  do  I  owe  the  farmer  anything  for  this? 
They  of  America  would  say  Yes.  A  little  while 
ago  a  clergyman  told  me  that  the  fact  of  keeping 
bees  made  the  owner  a  confirmed  thief.  This  made 
me  feel  unhappy,  and  led  to  contemplation.  Then 
methought  a  large  (very  large)  number  of  the  clergy 
keep  bees  themselves,  and  I  received  comfort. 

But  the  Jubilee  pasturage — well,  there  is  plenty 
of  it,  of  all  kinds.  In  the  cool  of  the  evening,  yes- 
terday, I  had  a  spin  of  about  twenty  miles  on  a 
tricycle,  mostly  through  Savernake  Forest,  so  had 
ample  opportunities  of  seeing  what  there  was  for  the 
bees.  Large  quantities  of  Kape  in  some  places,  and 
something  for  our  pets  iu  all.  In  the  forest  itself 
many  trees  were  full  of  bees,  and  it  sounded  as 
though  a  swarm  were  up  there.  One  advantage  of 
the  season  being  late  this  year  is  that  there  was 
little  or  no  gap  between  the  fruit  blossoms  and  the 
flowering  of  Trifolium  and  Kape.  AVhite  Clover  is 
also  appearing,  and  when  that  is  over  there  will  be 
the  glorious  Lime  trees.  If  the  weather  continues 
favourable  there  will  be  continuous  pasturage  now 
till  the  end  of  July.  So  the  bees  are  working  with 
a  will,  and  mean  business,  and  if  you  get  near  the 
hives  in  the  heat  of  the  day  now  their  stings  will 
probably  be  felt.  AlineJ  are  iu  no  amiable  mood, 
and  will  not,  if  they  can  help  it,  brook  much  inter- 
ference ;  but  as  I  always  considered  discretion  the 
better  part  of  valour,  like  Shakspeare's  immortal 
Falstaft",  I  go  to  them  veiled  and  gloved,  and 
therefore  invulnerable.  While  on  this  subject,  I 
would  say,  do  not  open  the  liives  more  often  than 
necessary  for  supering,  and  do  not  disturb  the  brood 


nest.  Moreover,  if  you  are  practising  the  reversinjj 
system  it  is  not  necessary  to  reverse  the  hive  every 
ten  minutes.  The  rest  I  will  set  in  order  another 
time.   Walter  C'hitfi/,  PcwM-y,  June  21. 


The  Flower  Garden. 

The  flower  beds  should  receive  a  good  soaking  of 
water  during  this  parching  weather — not  surface 
dribbles,  but  sufficient  to  reach  the  roots.  When  the 
soil  is  sufliciently  dry  the  hoe  should  be  run  tlirough 
the  beds  to  loosen  the  surface,  otherwise  it  will  get 
baked  with  the  sun,  and  the  plants  will  not  thrive. 
Subtropicals  must  receive  special  attention,  in  order 
to  induce  a  good  growth  ;  frequent  waterings  will  be 
necessary,  and  a  mulch  of  manure  or  other  material 
will  greatly  assist  them.  Stakes  should  be  provided 
for  such  tall  growers  as  Cannabis.  Ilicinus,  Wigandias, 
&c.,  or  else  the  wind  will  injure  them.  Edgings  of 
Cerastium  should  be  frequently  flattened  down  and 
trimmed.  Constant  pinching  will  be  requisite  to 
keep  tlie  lines  well  defined  in  carpet  beds.  Peg  out 
the  shoots  of  Petunias,  Verbenas,  and  other  squatty 
growers,  to  fill  up  all  vacant  places.  The  shoots  of 
creepers  should  be  regulated  and  secured  against 
breakage  by  the  wind.  Lay  in  sufficient  young 
shoots  to  furnish  all  vacancies,  and  remove  all  others. 
No  more  siiould  be  retained  than  is  requisite,  and 
free  play  of  air  and  light  should  be  afforded  to  secure 
well-ripened  wood,  on  which  depends  the  next 
season's  display  of  bloom.  Hedges  may  now  be 
trimmed,  also  any  plants  in  tubs  or  planted  out 
which  are  of  a  formal  character;  those  should  not 
be  too  severely  cut,  else  they  are  rendered  severely 
stiff;  such  large-leaved  subjects  as  Bays  and  Laurels 
are  better  trimmed  with  the  knife,  as  the  shears  dis- 
figure the  foliage.  Mignonette  may  still  be  sown  for 
late  flowering,  and  many  of  tlie  other  hardy  sorts  of 
annuals.  Stakes  should  be  placed  to  the  taller 
growing  sorts,  to  prevent  them  from  falling  over. 
A  sowing  of  East  Lothian  Intermediate  Stocks  should 
be  made  for  early  spring  flowering.  Any  rare  or 
scarce  plants  should  be  propagated  from  cuttings  or 
layers. 

Kiiododendrons,  Azaleas,  and  other  plants  which 
were  forced  and  planted  out  in  the  beds  must  have 
water  supplied  ;  the  dry  soil  around  the  balls 
speedily  absorbs  the  moisture  contained  in  the  balls 
of  the  plants.  The  present  is  a  good  time  to  increase 
the  stock  of  any  favourite  Khododendrons,  This  may 
be  done  in  the  ordinary  manner  of  layering;  they 
will,  however,  emit  roots  freely  if  the  branches  be 
brought  in  contact  with  the  ground,  and  a  mound  of 
peat  soil  be  placed  over  the  shoots.  Rhododendrons 
which  are  overstepping  their  bounds  may  be  cut-in  ; 
they  will  very  speedily  break  into  growth,  although 
they  will  not  bloom  from  the  growths  made  this 
season. 

Continue  to  tie  up  shoots  of  Dahlias  and  Holly- 
hocks as  they  require ;  see  they  do  not  suffer  for 
want  of  water,  or  the  lower  leaves  will  drop  off. 
Where  those  are  intended  for  exhibition  they  should 
be  heavily  mulched  with  some  well-rotted  manure,  a 
couple  of  inches  of  soil  laid  over  the  top  will  keep 
all  sweet. 

Herbaceous  plants  will  be  much  benefited  by 
copious  waterings.  Such  plants  as  Phloxes,  Helian- 
thus,  and  Asters  speedily  extract  all  the  moisture 
within  their  reach,  and  if  allowed  to  become  yellow 
at  the  base  the  prospect  of  flowering  is  not  a  bright 
one. 

Roses  will  be  much  benefited  by  liberal  doses  of 
manure-w^ater  and  frequent  syringings  overhead  ; 
should  mildew  appear,  syringe  the  plants  with  a  little 
Gishurst  in  the  water  last  thing  at  night,  and  syringe 
with  clear  water  in  the  morning.  Remove  all  shoots 
from  the  stems  of  standard  Roses  by  rubbing  as  soon 
as  they  are  visible,  and  root  up  all  suckers  as  they 
appear.  It  is  better  to  follow  such  up  as  far  as 
possible,  and  twist  them  off;  if  cut  over,  they  will 
appear  the  next  time  with  two  or  three  shoots. 
Prick  oft*  the  Roses  from  the  trees  as  they  fully 
expand,  to  prevent  the  petals  blowing  all  over  the 
place.  Shorten  back  all  strong  shoots  to  ten  or 
twelve  eyes.  Those  will  throw  out  two  or  three 
moderate  shoots  and  bloom  later  on.  Tie  up  the 
necessary  quantity  of  young  shoots  on  ])illar  Rosea 
and  walls,  and  remove  the  rest.  }V.  M.  HuUiie, 
Luton  IIou. 


July  2,  18Si.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


15 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


as  soon  ae  they  require  them.  Make  successional 
sowiugs  and  plantings  Avhere  desirable.  H.  W.  Ward, 
Longford  Castle. 


Summer  Pruning  Feuit  Tbees. — This  may  now 
be  taken  in  hand,  commencing  on  those  trees  oc- 
cupying the  south  and  west  walls,  and  afterwards 
proceeding  to  attend  to  those  on  north  and  east  walls. 
The  pruning  should  be  done  at  three  different  times, 
the  lower  part,  as  high  as  a  man  can  reach,  being 
operated  upon  first ;  a  few  days  after  another  portion 
of  the  trees,  higher  still,  should  be  gone  over;  and 
the  third  time  the  top  branches.  This  is  by  far  a  more 
judicious  way  than  taking  the  whole  of  the  growth 
from  the  trees  at  one  time,  which  gives  too  sudden  a 
check.  In  the  case  of  most  fruit  trees,  they  should 
not  be  pruned-in  closer  than  from  four  to  five  joints 
from  the  base  of  each  shoot,  so  as  to  allow  of  their 
being  cut  closer  in  at  the  winter  pruning ;  and  by 
leaving  them  this  length,  should  any  of  them 
break  into  fresh  growth  again,  which  is  generally  at 
the  extreme  point,  it  can  be  removed  at  the  winter 
pruning.  By  attending  to  this  operation  the  trees 
are  afibrded  opportunity  for  the  tliorough  ripen- 
ing of  their  fruiting  shoots  ;  the  same  rule  also 
applies  to  pyramid  Pears,  Plums,  &c.  Any  trees 
that  are  grown  on  the  cordon  system  sliould  receive 
attention,  their  shoots,  while  they  are  pliable,  being 
pinched  in,  and  tied  down.  The  breastwood  of 
Apricots  and  Plums  may  now  be  spurred  back, 
taking  care  not  to  cut-in  too  closely.  Currants, 
where  grown  on  walls  for  late  supply,  may  be  pruned 
to  about  three  joints.  Currant  bushes  are  greatly 
benefited  by  having  their  young  shoots  thinned  out, 
leaving  only  sufficient  for  the  formation  and  exten- 
sion of  the  trees.  Newly  grafted  trees  may  now 
have  the  ties  binding  the  grafts  taken  off,  and  in  the 
case  of  strong-growing  varieties  be  retied,  to  prevent 
them  from  being  blown  off.  Morello  Cherries  should 
be  looked  over  again,  and  all  unnecessary  wood  cut 
away.  Piuching-in  need  not  be  done,  as  the  trees 
form  spurs  naturally.  E.  Ward,  Hcwcll,  BroM$grove, 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


Melons. — As  with  every  other  branch  of  industry 
fio  with  gardening ;  details,  if  success  is  to  be  attained, 
must  be  carried  out  in  accordance  with  the  special 
circumstances  surrounding  each  individual  case,  and 
for  this  reason  repetition  in  Calendar  writing  is 
necessarily  unavoidable  and  dry,  and  must,  under  the 
force  of  circumstances,  continue  to  be  so,  therefore, 
under  these  circumstances  we  shall  have  to  reiterate 
former  remarks  in  the  present  paper.  The  weather 
which  we  have  had  during  the  last  fortnight  and  are 
still  having,  has  been  most  favourable,  not  only  to 
Melon  culture,  but  for  fruit  culture  under  glass 
generally.  Having  been  favoured  with  a  clear  sky 
and  powerful  sunshine  everyday  during  that  period,  all 
that  was  necessary  in  addition  to  keeping  the  plants 
sufficiently  moist  at  the  roots  and  syringed  thoroughly 
overhead  (where  they  were  not  in  flower  or  the 
fruits  approaching  maturity)  first  thing  in  the  morn- 
ing and  again  at  shutting-up  time,  and  water  being 
distributed  over  the  pathways,  &c.,  occasionally  be- 
tween times,  was  to  ventilate  slightly  the  houses, 
pits,  and  frames,  soon  after  7  a.m.  after- 
wards opening  the  ventilators  to  their  fullest 
capacity  by  10  a.m.,  and  leaving  them  so,  until 
nearly  4  p.m.,  when  they  should  be  closed  a  little, 
preparatory  to  closing  them  shortly  afterwards. 
In  the  case  of  houses  in  which  the  plants  are 
either  in  flower  or  ripening  their  fruits,  in  opposi- 
tion to  this  kind  of  treatment,  a  rather  dry  and 
airy  atmosphere  should  be  maintained.  Plants 
grown  under  such  favourable  conditions  as  those 
indicated,  cannot  make  otherwise  than  satisfac- 
tory growth.  The  necessary  thinning,  tying, 
stopping,  and  arranging  of  the  shoots  should  be 
regularly  attended  to  ;  and  with  these  details  no 
pressure  of  work — which  is  felt  more  or  less  in  the 
majority  of  places  just  now — should  be  allowed  to 
interfere.  Plants  in  flower  should,  as  already 
stated,  be  given  a  somewhat  dry  and  airy  atmo- 
sphere, the  blossoms  being  fertilised  at  mid-day,  until 
they  have  set  their  fruit.  Plants  swelling  their 
fruits  should  be  assisted  by  liberal  supplies  of  liquid 
manure,  in  an  under  rather  than  an  over  strong 
state,  being  given  at  the  roots  when  considered 
necessary.  See  that  successional  plantings  are 
landed  up  as  soon  as  the  roots  push  through  the 
sides  of  the  mounds,  and  that  the  supports  are  put 
to  the  fruits  (as  recommended  in  a  previous  Calendar) 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


PELAnooNiuMs. — WIku  show  and  fancy  varieties 
cease  to  bloom  they  should  be  placed  out-of-doors  in 
a  sunny  situation  upon  a  bed  of  ashes,  and  for  about 
the  space  of  three  weeks  kept  tolerably  dry  at  the 
root,  so  that  their  growths  may  be  gradually  con- 
solidated, and  the  shoots  be  cut  down  to  within  three 
joints  of  the  base.  After  this  is  done  a  cool  frame  or 
house  is  the  best  place  for  the  plants,  and  they  should 
be  syringed  every  afternoon  and  kept  dry  at  tlie  roots 
until  growth  begins  again,  when  they  must  be 
turned  out  of  their  pots,  have  a  great  portion  of  the 
soil  removed  from  their  roots,  these  slightly  trimmed 
in,  and  be  replaced  into  clean  well-drained  pots.  The 
compost  should  consist  of  fibrous  loam  freely  mixed 
with  sand  and  a  little  decayed  manure,  and  the 
potting  must  be  made  quite  firm.  For  a  few  weeks, 
until  the  roots  push,  the  structure  should  be  kept  rather 
close,  the  plants  being  syringed  daily,  and  but  sparingly 
watered.  To  raise  a  young  stock  of  plants  clean 
■well-ripened  shoots  should  be  selected  when  the 
plants  are  cut  back,  which,  after  being  trimmed, 
should  be  inserted  in  pots  firmly  filled  with  fine 
loam  and  leaf-soil  liberally  mixed  with  sand,  and 
having  its  surface  covered  with  fine  sand  to  exclude 
air;  very  little  water  will  be  needed  until  the  cuttings 
are  rooted,  and  a  cool  frame  where  they  can  have 
partial  shade  and  enough  air  to  prevent  damping  off" 
should  be  afforded  them. 

i>prin>/-struci-  Zonals. — Such  of  these  as  are  in- 
tended for  winter  flowering  will  now  need  a  final 
shift  into  7-inch  pots,  the  blossom  spikes  should  be 
removed  as  they  appear,  and  the  strong  growths 
stopped  to  cause  a  branching  habit.  A  situation  in 
a  light,  airy  pit,  where  they  are  near  the  glass,  and 
afforded  plenty  of  space,  will  suit  their  requirements  ; 
and,  in  order  to  keep  them  robust,  liquid  manure 
may  be  regularly  administered  after  the  pots  are 
well  filled  with  roots. 

CiNEBARIAS. 

Plants  of  these  raised  now,  will  grow  to  a  useful 
size,  and  form  a  serviceable  succession  to  the  earlier 
raised  plants.  These  older  plants  must  on  no 
account  have  their  potting  deferred,  for  if  the  plants 
get  stunted  by  being  pot-bound  tiiey  are  seldom 
creditable  afterwards.  Keep  them  in  a  moist,  cool 
pit,  shaded  from  sunshine,  freely  ventilated  in  the 
daytime  to  promote  sturdy  growth.  Syringe  over- 
head every  fine  evening,  fumigating  lightly  and  fre- 
quently to  keep  doAvn  aphis.  A  sowing  of  Primulas 
for  spring  flowering  may  have  attention  now,  and  the 
plants  from  early  sowings,  if  in  fit  condition,  should 
receive  their  final  shift  into  6-inch  pots,  the  soil  used 
being  good  loam,  with  a  fair  amount  of  leaf-soil  and 
sand  added.  The  after-treatment  should  be  similar  to 
that  advised  for  Cinerarias  ;  care  should,  however,  be 
taken  to  prevent  the  soil  becoming  pasty  by  water- 
ing or  syringing,  and  the  shading  should  not  be 
heavy,  or  a  sickly  growth  will  be  made.  A  sowing 
of  Jliles'  Mignonette  for  winter  flowering  may  be 
made  also.  The  mode  we  adopt  is  to  prepare  as 
many  60-sized  pots  as  is  the  number  of  plants  re- 
quired, and  reduce  the  seedlings  to  one  plant  in  a 
pot ;  these  are  repotted  frequently,  soon  after  the 
roots  are  found  to  reach  the  sides  of  the  pots,  the 
final  shift  being  into  10-inch  pots,  and  the  compost 
— fibry  loam,  mixed  with  crushed  mortar,  decomposed 
manure,  and  gritty  sand — is  thoroughly  consolidated 
by  ramming.   Thomas  Coombcr,  Hcndre  Gardens. 


The  Kitchen  Garden. 


CucuMnEits,  either  in  frames  or  pits  bearing 
fruit,  will  require  an  abundance  of  water  at  the  roots, 
aided  by  liquid  or  artificial  manure.  Top-dressings 
of  rich  compost  should  be  added  from  time  to  time, 
together  with  an  abundance  of  atmospheric  moisture, 
especially  at  closing  time;  later  in  the  evening, 
during  hot  weather,  a  little  nir  should  be  admitted 
and  maintained  throughout  the  night.  Keep  the 
growths  stopped,  tied  and  regulated,  so  as  to  prevent 
overcrowding,  removing  all  discoloured  and  old 
leaves,  and  be  careful  not  to  overcrop  in  the  earlier 


General  Work. — Hoeing  between  growing  crops  is 
a  very  necessary  operation,  especially  after  heavy 
rainfalls,  when,  as  a  consequence,  the  surface  has 
become  caked  and  hard  ;  frequent  stirrings  with 
the  Dutch-hoe  are  therefore  essential  for  keeping  the 
plants  in  a  healthy  condition,  and  for  destroying 
weeds.  Give  attention  to  growing  crops,  watering, 
clearing  the  ground  from  early  crops,  and  preparing 
it  for  successional  ones.  After  early  Potatos,  Tur- 
nips. Coleworts,  Cabbage.  &c.,  make  good  succession 
crops.  Coleworts  can  be  pricked  thickly  from  3  to  4 
inches  apart,  in  rows  a  foot  as  under,  and  afterwards 
thinned  to  proper  distances  for  successional  purposes. 
Herbs. — Seedlings  of  those  which  were  sown  out- 
side can,  if  required,  be  thinned  and  transplanted 
to  other  beds.  For  drying  and  storing,  gather  the 
individual  kinds  as  they  come  into  bloom,  in  dry 
weather,  and  spread  out  thinly  on  boards  in  a  dry 
airy  structure.  Such  herbs  as  are  required  for  use  in 
a  greeu  state,  as  Mint,  Sorrel,  Chives,  &c.,  should  be 
provided  for,  by  having  a  portion  of  tlie  plants  cut 
over  close  to  the  ground,  and  allowed  to  start  iuto 
fresh  growth. 

Seakale. — Those  plants  intended  for  lifting  and 
forcing  should  be  finally  looked  over,  and  where 
there  are  several  growths  to  a  plant,  all  but  one  or 
two  of  them  removed.  Where  the  ground  was  well 
manured  previous  to  planting,  very  little,  if  any,  top- 
dressing  will  be  needed ;  but  in  the  case  of  poor 
soils,  and  where  the  plants  are  not  making  satis- 
factory growth,  a  top-dressing  of  nitrate  of  soda  may 
be  given,  sown  broadcast  at  the  rate  of  from  4  to 
3  cwt.  per  acre.  Fish  manure  is  also  good  for  this 
crop,  and  can  be  used  in  the  same  proportion  per 
acre. 

Asparagus. — Cutting  for  the  season  will  generally 
have  ceased ;  the  beds,  therefore,  should  be  tho- 
roughly cleared  of  weeds  before  the  foliage  becomes 
too  dense.  This  may  be  accomplished  either  by 
light  top-dressings  of  salt,  or  by  hoeing  and  weed- 
ing; afterwards  a  top-dressing  of  artificial  manure 
may  be  given,  which  can  be  hoed  or  forked  in,  and 
afterwards,  in  the  absence  of  rain,  watered.  When 
means  and  convenience  will  allow,  waterings  of 
liquid  manure,  or  sewage,  during  hot  weather  would 
be  very  beneficial,  but  as  applications  of  this 
kind  are  possible  only  in  certain  cases,  and  under 
certain  conditions,  top-dressing  of  some  kind,  as 
described  above,  is  the  most  practicable,  and  most 
generally  adopted.  Where  the  after-growth  is  very 
luxuriant  some  support  should  be  given,  to  prevent 
the  stems  being  broken  by  wind  and  rain,  and  some 
of  the  largest  growths  may  be  shortened  somewhat. 

Globe  Artichokes. — Those  that  are  forming  heads 
will  be  benefited  by  waterings  with  liquid  manure, 
afterwards  mulching  with  rotten  dung,  and  a  portion 
of  the  numerous  suckers  should  be  removed  from  the 
old  stools,  leaving  from  four  to  five  to  each.  In 
some  instances  it  will  be  found  necessary  to  thin 
out,  not  only  a  portion  of  the  fiower-spikes,  but  also 
some  of  the  too  thickly  placed  flower-buds,  in  order 
to  obtain  large,  fleshy,  well-developed  flower-heads. 

To/iiato.s. — The  main  shoots  of  these  should  for 
some  time  be  encouraged  to  extend  over  the  space 
allotted  them,  removing  surplus  lateral  shoots  that 
are  too  thickly  placed,  and  retaining  a  sufficient 
number  for  fruit  bearing  ;  these,  as  they  show  flower, 
should  be  stopped  to  one  joint  above.  Later  on, 
when  the  fruit  has  set,  a  portion  of  the  foliage  should 
also  be  removed,  or  curtailed,  in  order  to  expose  the 
fruits  to  light  and  sun.  During  dry  weather  copious 
waterings  must  be  given ;  and  at  a  later  stage,  to 
assist  the  plants  in  swelling  their  fniits,  manure 
should  be  given,  either  in  the  shape  of  a  liquid  or  by 
top-dressings.  To  keep  the  foliage  free  from  red- 
spider  and  aphis,  the  plants  must  be  syringed  over- 
head with  clear  tepid  water,  or  diluted  tobacco-juice. 
This  should  be  done  on  warm  evenings,  or  after- 
noons two  or  three  times  weekly,  or  as  occasion  may 
require. 

Watering. — Choose  the  latter  part  of  the  day  for 
this  work,  which,  when  once  commenced,  must  be 
effectually  and  regularly  performed.  Mulchings 
during  hot  dry  weather  should  be  afforded  all  grow- 
ing crops.  John  Austen,  Witley  Court  Gardens, 


Chrysty's  Beetle  Poison.— Messrs.   Thos. 

Christy  &  Co.,  25,  Lime  Street.  E.C.,  lately  sent 
us  a  sample  box  of  a  new  powder  introduced  by  them 
for  the  destruction  of  crickets  and  cockroaches, 
requesting  us  to  try  it.  This  we  have  done,  and  with 
great  success.  Messrs.  Christy  report  that  it  has 
been  tried  with  equal  success  in  Cucumber-frames, 
and  that,  so  far  as  they  know,  it  is  innocuous  to  cats 
or  hedgehogs,    We  should  like  to  see  it  tried  on  ants. 


\ 


16 


TIJE    GABDENEB8'     CHBONICLE. 


[JuM  2,  1887. 


SUBSCRIBERS     TO 

rSE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 
who  experience  any  diffimdty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  requested 
to  communicate  with  the  Publisher  (in  cases  of 
delay  in  the  delivery  by  post,  the  cover  should  be 
forwarded  with  complaint), 

W.  RICHARDS,   41,    Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


MEETINGS. 

C  Royal    BotQuic    Society  :    General 


/Royal    BotQu: 
JT-Iv    bJ      Meeting. 
■"•"     "S  RoyalHorticu 

(.     berry  J't'te  s 


SHOWS. 

July  4 — Ketteriug  Horticultural  (two  days). 
National   Eose   Society   at   South 
Kensington. 
July  5^  Victoria    Park,     Portsea,     Flower 
Show  in  Aiil  of  Local  Hospitals 
(three  days). 
/  Ealing.  Acton,  and  Hanwell. 
\  Wimbledon  and  District. 
WEDNESDAY,    JULY  0.'  Brighton  and  Sussex  (three  days), 
j  Lee  and  Blackheath  (two  days). 
{  Sutton  Ease  Society. 

f  Farningham  Rose  and  Horticultural 
Winchester,  Ipswich,  and  Romford 

I      Horticultural. 
Hitchiu  Rose,    Bath  Floral    /V(e.. 

I      Reigate  and  Malvern  Rose. 
Roval    Botanic  Society :    Evening 

I     A'<«. 

SATURDAY,         JULY  9— Crystal  Palace  Rose. 

SALES 

-  1  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe   & 
■^  ^      Morris'  Rooms. 

{Clearance  of  Plants  at  the  Nur- 
sery. 114,  Loughborough  Road, 
Brighton,  by  Pruther 

of    Colombian, 
other    Orchids 
Stevens'  Rooms. 


MONDAY, 
TUESDAY, 


THURSD.IY,       July 


TUESDAY, 
•WEDNESDAY. 
THURSDAY, 
FRIDAY, 


July 
July 
July 
July 


:  Morris, 


( Importatic 


As  will  be  seen  from  our  report 
The  Royal  jjj  ^  previous  page,  the  meeting  of 
"society  ™  ^^'^  lloyal  Horticultural  Society  on 
Tuesday  last  left  things  pretty 
much  as  they  were  at  the  annual  meeting,  so 
far  as  any  practical  result  is  concerned.  The 
one  important  conclusion  arrived  at  was  an 
unanimous  vote  that  the  Council  be  instructed 
to  take  steps  to  find  some  central  site  for  the 
Society's  ofhces  and  the  Lindley  Library.  This 
means  that  the  Society,  as  represented  by  the 
Fellows  present,  are  of  opinion  that  steps  should 
be  taken  to  dissolve  the  connection  with  South 
Kensington.  Bearing  in  mind  the  disastrous 
results  of  that  connection  in  the  past,  the  not 
very  warm  reply  of  Her  Majesty  to  the  letter 
addressed  to  her  by  the  Council,  the  very  uncer- 
tain state  of  the  negotiations  with  the  Council 
of  the  Albert  Hall,  the  miserable  offers  of  the 
18.51  Commissioners,  who  throughout  their  whole 
connection  with  the  Society  have  acted  towards  it 
pretty  much  in  the  same  spirit  as  some  bad  Irish 
landlords  are  reputed  to  do,  and  the  certainty  that 
within  a  few  months — perhaps  weeks — the  present 
offices  and  library  will  be  demolished,  it  is  difficult 
to  see  what  other  results  could  have  been  arrived 
at.  Not  one  word  was  said  about  the  Imperial 
Institute,  wherein  probably  rooms  might  be  ulti- 
mately obtained,  and  in  which,  at  any  rate,  the 
Society  should  in  some  way  be  represented — but 
much  and  rightly  so  as  to  the  necessity 
of  maintaining  and  developing  Chiswick  at 
all  hazards.  It  was  even  proposed  to  retire 
there  altogether.  This,  however,  could  only  be  a 
temporary  resource,  for  in  spite  of  the  accessi- 
bility of  the  gardens  now,  we  can  but  think 
that    Chiswick    would    prove    an    inconvenient 


regular  place  of  meeting  for  the  committees, 
while  the  library  would  be  even  more  inaccessible 
than  it  now  is.  Jloreover,  it  is  not  absolutely 
clear  from  the  trust  deed  that  the  library  could 
be  legally  removed  to  Chiswick,  unless  the  phrase 
"  Royal  Horticultural  Gardens,"  by  which  was 
meant,  at  the  time,  the  South  Kensington  Gar- 
dens only,  could  be  extended  so  as  to  cover  the 
Chiswick  garden  as  well.  Be  this  as  it  may,  the 
general  feeling  was  that  a  central  site  for  offices, 
meeting  rooms,  and  library  should  be  sought, 
and  that  the  Society  should  continue  its 
useful  work  at  Chiswick.  No  doubt  some  such 
an  arrangement  is  highly  desirable,  and  what  we 
all  want,  but  the  question  is — How  can  it  be 
effected  P  This  question,  in  spite  of  its  supreme 
importance,  was  not  so  much  as  hinted  at. 
A  number  of  sites  more  or  less  convenient 
for  the  purpose  were  named,  but  the  enormous 
cost  involved  implies  difficulties  which  all  recog- 
nise, but  which  no  one  as  yet  has,  puljlicly  at 
least,  shown  a  way  of  overcoming.  Meanwhile, 
Fellows  are  falling  off  rapidly,  and  the  financial 
outlook  is  such  that  it  is  estimated  that  at  the 
close  of  the  year  there  will  be  a  deficit  of  .£1000. 
Large  as  this  amount  is,  it  is  not  very  alarming, 
if  a  well  planned  scheme  be  devised  without  loss 
of  time — a  scheme  which,  if  fairly  practicable, 
will  doubtless  arrest  the  efflux  of  Fellows,  and 
secure  an  influx  of  new  ones.  As  a  place  of 
fashionable  resort,  the  Conmiissioners'  gardens 
at  Kensington  have  dismally  failed,  the  practical 
and  scientific  work  of  the  Society  at  Chiswick  and 
at  the  committees  has  not  failed — quite  the  con- 
trary. Any  deficiencies  in  these  matters  have 
arisen  from  the  disastrous  entanglements  with  the 
Commissioners  at  Kensington,  from  the  great  cost 
requisite  to  maintain  a  place  of  entertainment,  the 
holding  of  big  flower  shows,  and  consequently  the 
heavy  prize  expenditure  in  the  past. 

Those  in  favour  of  the  removal  of  the 
Society  to  some  central  site  in  or  near  the  City 
are  of  opinion  that  the  City  people  would 
supply  an  element  of  support  which  the  A\'est- 
end  "denizens  have  failed  to  do.  Perhaps 
they  might ;  meanwhile  the  condition  of  the 
Society  shows  that  it  has  to  a  large  extent  lost 
touch  with  country  horticulturists — that  it  is 
looked  on  as  metropolitan  rather  than  na- 
tional. A  striking  illustration  of  this  may  be 
cited.  On  the  very  same  day  a  meeting  was  held 
of  nurserymen  to  discuss  the  rating  question,  at 
which  several  provincial  representatives  were 
present — few,  if  any  of  whom,  were  at  the  prior 
meeting  at  Kensington,  in  which  one  would 
think  they  ought  to  have  been  almost  equally 
interested.  The  central  offices  and  the  majority 
of  the  meetings  must,  however,  be  in  London, 
but  the  success  of  the  Koyal  Agricultural 
Society  shows  that  the  efforts  of  such  a  body 
to  be  of  use  to  the  nation  at  large  must 
not  be  confined  to  the  metropolitan  area.  The 
past  history  of  the  Society,  too,  shows  that 
the  band  and  flower  show  business  has  been 
a  disastrous  failure.  We  cannot  say  we  regret 
this,  for  this  is  not  the  proper  business  of  a 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  but  should  be  left 
to  Buffalo  Bill  or  some  other  caterer  for  public 
amusement.  The  most  practical  thing  to  do  for 
the  moment,  presuming  the  present  offices  are 
to  be  destroyed,  is  to  retire  to  Chiswick  en 
ttttetidant.  A  good  deal  more  might,  by  the 
way,  be  done  in  stimulating  local  support  in 
that  rapidly  increasing  neighbourhood.  But 
Chiswicli  has  no  place  to  house  the  library  even 
temporarily,  and  its  permanent  deposit  there 
would  be  fatal  to  its  utility. 


P.ating  of  Nu 


TiiEHis  are  two  subjects  in  parti- 
cular which  are  sore  troubles  to  the 
editors  of   the   gardening   papers, 
who,  however,  can  do  little  to  give  substantial 
relief ;   the  one  is  the  constant  complaint  as  to 
the  small  amount  paid  in  Covent  Ciarden  and 


other  markets  to  the  grower,  the  vast  difference 
between  wholesale  and  retail  prices,  and  the  un- 
trustworthiness  of  market  reports ;  the  other  is 
as  to  the  question  of  the  rating  of  nurseries, 
market  gardens,  greenhouses,  and  other  buildings 
for  trade  purposes.  The  former  matter  we  do  not 
intend  to  touch  on  on  this  occasion  ;  the  latter 
affair  seems  attaining  a  condition  when  a  satis- 
factory settlement  may  be  hoped  for. 

A  meeting  of  great  importance  to  the  nursery 
trade  was  held  at  the  Horticultural  Club  on 
Tuesday  evening  last,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Nursery  and  Seed  Trade  Protection  Association. 
The  chair  was  occupied  by  Mr.  Ixobam,  of 
Huntingdon,  who  detailed  the  grievances  under 
which  the  trade  lies  from  the  diversity  of  prac- 
tice in  the  matter  of  assessment.  This  diversity 
gives  rise  in  not  a  few  cases  to  great  injustice, 
but  worse  than  that  is,  perhaps,  the  absence  of 
any  fixed  or  guiding  principle.  There  is  not  only 
a  difference  according  as  the  property  is  within  or 
without  the  metropolitan  area,  and  as  to  whether 
it  applies  to  particular  rates  only  or  to  all  rates, 
but  one  assessor  adopts  one  plan,  one  another,  of 
arriving  at  a  claim,  few  of  them  having  any  real 
knowledge  of  the  nature  of  a  nurseryman's  busi- 
ness, and  the  requirements  of  his  trade.  The 
meeting  was  fairly  well  attended,  especially  by 
nurserymen  from  the  provinces. 

Numerous  statements  were  made  as  to  the 
inconsistencies,  anomalies,  and  inequalities — of 
the  present  absence  of  system.  A  few  instances 
must  suffice  :  —  One  gentleman  in  Middlesex 
stated  that  he  paid  £20  a  year  rent,  and  was 
assessed  at  £45.  Another  paid  £15  as  rent,  and 
was  assessed  at  £70.  A  Yorkshire  nurseryman 
stated  that  he  was  assessed  at  11  per  cent  above 
his  rental.  A  nurseryman  in  Kent  occupying 
a  quarter  of  an  acre  at  .£8  8s.,  was  assessed 
at  £17.  He  appealed  in  vain,  and  was  after- 
wards put  up  to  £20.  Again  he  appealed,  but  in 
vain.  In  Surrey  a  case  was  mentioned  where 
the  rental  was  £195,  the  assessment  being  £235. 

But  the  actual  amounts  were  not  so  much 
complained  of  as  the  varied  mode  of  assessment, 
and,  as  we  have  said,  the  absence  of  'guiding 
principles.  It  was  pointed  out  by  many  of  the 
speakers  that  the  equitable  method  would 
be  in  all  cases  to  consider  glass-houses  as 
constituting  (as  they  really  do)  trade  fixtures, 
representing  so  much  industrial  capital  which  the 
tenant  may  remove  at  his  will.  Such  erections, 
even  if  built  into  the  ground,  are  chattels  dis- 
tinct and  separate  from  the  freehold.  The 
injustice  of  assessing  these  erections  at  a  rate 
higher  than  is  paid  in  the  case  of  other  traders 
was  insisted  on. 

Mr.  Haynes,  of  Penge,  detailed  his  experiences, 
which,  being  within  the  metropolitan  area,  are 
in  so  far  different  from  those  which  obtain  in 
the  rural  districts.  Mr.  Haynes  contended  (and 
his  contention  is  borne  out  by  the  A^'orthing 
case)  that  he  was  legally  obliged  to  pay  only  on 
one-fonrth  of  the  estimated  value — for  all  rates, 
the  poor  rate  not  excepted.  Mr.  Haynes 
had  not  only  refused  to  pay  the  excess, 
but  was  engaged  in  an  attempt  to  make 
the  authorities  refund  three-fourths  of  the 
amount  which  they  had  improperly  taken 
from  him.  It  was  even  admitted  by  the 
authorities  that  they  had  so  mulcted  the  com- 
plainant, and  Mr.  Hayes  felt  confident  that  he 
should  win  his  case  and  be  recouped  the  surplus 
payments  he  had  made. 

Mr.  Beeb,  of  Worthing,  gave  the  history  of 
the  famous  Worthing  case  (see  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  1887,  pp.  422,  676),  and  pointed  out 
the  confusion  that  exists  in  many  cases  between 
assessment  and    rating,    laying    it    down    that 


JcLT  2,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEBS'    CHBONICLE. 


17 


nothing  can  be  assessed  except  realty,  which  is 
inseparable  from  the  freehold.  "Whatever  be- 
longs to  the  freehold  is  chargeable  to  the  poor, 
but  trade  buildings  are  not  part  of  the  freehold, 
and  therefore  not  chargeable.  Many  speakers 
alluded  to  the  capriciousness  of  the  present 
methods,  and  suggested  that  a  deputation  should 
wait  on  the  President  of  the  Local  Government 
Board,  and  that  a  test  case  should  be  fought  out 
in  the  law  courts,  the  Society  guaranteeing  the 
necessary  expenses.  Some  differences  of  opinion 
manifested  themselves  on  points  of  detail,  but  none 
on  general   principles,  and    IH    th?  end  tlje  fw'- 


&  Co.),  Mr.  J.  WooJ-Iiigrara  (Htmtingdon),  Mr. 
Haynes  (Penge).  Mr.  Beer  (Worthing),  Mr.  Pearson 
(Chilwell),  Mr.  Williams  (Salisbury),  Mr.  Horsman 
(Bradford),  Mr.  Lowe  (Uxbridge),  Mr.  Bennett 
(Shepperton),  Mr.  Bunyard  (Maidstone),  with  power 
to  add  to  their  number. 

••  3.  That  a  guarantee  fund  be  raised  for  the  purpose 
of  effectually  carrying  out  the  previous  resolutions. 
Tile  form  of  tlie  guarantee  to  be  as  follows  : — '  We, 
tlie  undersigned.  Iieveby  guarantee  to  oontribute  to 
the  eifpenses  of  the  moveraent  for  reducing  the 
assessments  on  nurseries  and  market  gardens,  re- 
solved upon  at  a  meeting  of  nurserymen  and  market 
gardeners,  held  at  the  llorticuUvftl  Club,  on  Tue-s- 


requirements  of  these  plants  as  the  older  drier  houses 
used  to  be.  One  objection  we  often  hear  raised  is 
that  the  plants  are  the  same  all  the  year  round,  and 
that  they  offer,  in  consequence,  a  monotonous  aspect. 
This,  however,  is  only  partially  true ;  no  grower  of 
tliese  plants  who  appreciates  them  will  endorse  the 
remark,  and  even  if  it  were  so  the  growth  of  a  suffi- 
ciently varied  collection  would  obviate  the  defect. 
To  the  real  plant-lover,  for  instance,  tlie  Succulent- 
hoiise  at  Kew  offers  as  gxeat  attractions  as  any  other 
part  of  the  establishment,  and  we  have  noticed  that 
numbers  of  the  general  public,  with  no  special  know- 
ledge of  plants,  are  often  better  able  to  appreciate  and 


Fig.  4. — gauden  in  Arizona,  with  succulents. 


lowing  resolutions  were  carried  without  a  dissen- 
tient voice : — 

"  1.  That  this  meeting  of  nurser}'men  and  market 
gardeners,  representing  the  London  and  provincial 
trades,  hereby  protest  against  the  excessive  rating  of 
nurseries  and  market  gardens,  and  the  absence  of 
any  basis  on  which  the  assessments  are  founded,  and 
are  of  opinion  that  the  matter  is  one  which  calls  for 
combined  action  with  a  view  to  taking  such  steps  as 
may  be  necessary  for  placing  the  assessments  on  a 
well-defined  basis,  and  pledge  themselves  to  do  all 
in  their  power  to  effect  this  purpose. 

"  2.  That  the  following  gentlemen  be  appointed  a 
committee  for  the  purpose  of  caiTying  out  the  pre- 
vious resolution,  viz.: — Mr.  Shannan  (Messrs.  Carter 


day,  June  28,  1887,  to  the  extent  of  the  amounts  set 
opposite  to  our  respective  names  below  (such  sums 
not  to  exceed  £10).'  " 

Votes  of  thanks  to  the  committee  of  the 
Horticultural  Club  for  the  use  of  the  room,  and 
to  the  Chairman  for  presiding,  were  passed 
nem.  con. 


Cactuses  in  Arizona.— Cactuses  have  to  a 

large  extent  gone  out  of  fashion  in  this  country  in 
spite  of  their  quaint  forms  and  gorgeous  flowers.  In 
truth  our  moist  climate  and  dull  skies  are  not 
propitious  to  them,  and  our  modern  houses  with  all 
their  improvements  are  not  so  well  suited  for  the 


understand  the  significance  of  these  plants,  if  we 
may  so  express  it,  than  they  are  in  the  case  of  Orchids. 
In  many  gardens  on  the  Riviera  these  succulent 
plants  thrive  a  merveille,  indeed,  the  view  we  now 
give  of  a  collection  of  these  plants  in  a  garden  in  the 
territory  of  Arizona  (fig.  4)  might  pass  for  a  bed 
in  the  garden  of  the  Villa  Thuret  at  Antibes  or  in 
the  garden  of  Mr.  Hanbuht  at  La  Mortola. 

The  London  Parks.— A  Select  Committee  of 
the  House  of  Commons  recently  passed  the  preamble 
of  the  London  Parks  Bill,  which  provides  that  Vic- 
toria Park,  Battersea  Park,  Kennington  Park,  Beth- 
nal  Green  Park,  Westminster  Bridge,  and  the  Thames 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Jdlt  2,  1887. 


(Chelsea)  Embankment,  which  have  hitherto  been 
maintained  by  the  Commissioners  of  Works,  shall 
now  be  maintained  out  of  tlie  local  rates.  In  the 
petition  of  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  against 
the  Bill,  it  was  mentioned  that  the  transfer  of  the 
parks  would  entail  a  burden  on  the  rates  of  £10,000 
a  3'ear. 

Flowers   in  Season.— Jlr.  Wahe  has  again 

sent  us  a  box  of  a  few  of  the  flowers  to  be  seen  in  his 
nursery  at  Tottenham,  the  gem  of  all  being  a  single 
white  P;^ony — a  splendid  iiower,  with  clear  white 
petals  of  good  substance  ;  there  was  a  profusion  of 
bright  yellow  stamens  in  the  centre,  making  a 
brilliant  effect,  and  a  delicate  scent  is  another 
attraction  possessed  by  P.  albiflora.  Doubtless  as  a 
contrast,  blooms  of  P.  officinalis  lobata  were  sent.  Inula 
glandulosa,  golden-yellow,  and  Hemerocallis  flava, 
bright  yellow,  are  pretty ;  H.  Dumortieri  has  smaller 
flowers  than  flava,  with  a  touch  of  brown  in  them  ; 
Heuchera  sanguinea,  very  rich  and  novel  in  colour,  is  a 
useful  plant.  There  were  also  Papaver  bracteatum  and 
its  var.  prajcox,  which  is  not  of  such  a  dazzling  and  eye- 
burning  colour ;  Delphinium  nudicaule,  although  old. 
is  not  very  frequently  seen.  A  large  bunch  of  varieties 
of  Centaurea  montana  completed  the  assortment. — 
We  received  a  few  days  since  from  Mr.  R.  W. 
Proctor,  of  Ashgate  Road,  Chesterfield,  a  number 
of  Pansies  of  refined  colouring  and  good  forms,  some 
of  them  being  named,  others  seedlings  without  names. 
There  was  little  ditference  between  the  two.  We 
think  that  when  such  beautiful  flowers  can  be  raised 
from  seed — which,  by  the  way,  should  be  sown  now — 
the  general  grower  need  not  trouble  himself  with 
named  kinds.  Seedlings  produce  the  more  vigorous 
plants,  and  the  flowering  season  is  longer  than  that 
of  plants  raised  in  other  ways.  Mr.  Peoctok  will 
excuse  us  when  we  tell  him  that  the  German 
Pansies  alluded  to  by  us  a  fortnight  past  do  exceed 
his  in  size  of  flower  and  substance  of  petal,  some  of 
them  being  likewise  five-spotted — that  is,  they  have 
one  spot  on  each  petal. — A  box  of  beautiful  Pajonies 
(herbaceous)  from  Kelway  &  Son,  Langport,  So- 
merset, tends  only  to  confirm  the  good  opinion  we 
had  formed  of  their  strain  of  these  plants  from  the 
specimens  we  had  noted  at  the  various  flower  shows. 
The  blooms  sent  are  splendid  specimens,  delightfully 
fragrant,  and  of  a  satiny  te.xture  of  petal,  which 
renders  description  of  their  colours  difficult,  The 
best  appear  to  be  the  following,  and  they  may  be 
divided  into  three  sections,  viz.,  the  single  or  semi- 
double  ;  the  kinds  with  large  flat  guard-petals,  with 
dense  boss  of  smaller  petals  in  the  centre  ;  and  those 
in  which  the  guard  and  inner  petals  are  more  uni- 
form, making  up  a  dense  globular  head.  Of  the 
single,  Dercyllus  has  two  rows  of  rose-coloured 
petals  flushed  with  purple,  and  rich  yellow  centre  ; 
Afterglow,  purplish-crimson,  with  yellow  middle ; 
and  Cyclops  is  rosy-crimson  with  yellow  middle, 
having  in  its  centre  a  few  purplish  streaks.  Of  tlie 
double  kinds  with  large  flat  guard-petals  Lady 
Leonora  Bramwell  is  pale  rosy-lilac  tipped  with 
cream-colour ;  Pi'incess  Beatrice  has  light  rose 
guard-petals,  densely  tufted  white  boss,  and  rose 
centre ;  Marcella  has  large  white  outer  petals,  prim- 
rose inner  petals,  and  purple  centre  ;  and  Felginus 
is  rose,  the  crisped  inner  petals  being  tipped  with 
creamy-white.  Of  the  globular-headed  section  we 
liked  best  Fabia,  blush  shaded  rosy-lilac ;  Dryades, 
violet  tinted  rose  ;  Empress  Queen,  a  grand  double 
pure  white ;  Cygnet,  white,  with  rose  and  blush 
variegated  centre ;  and  Pearl,  white,  with  blush 
tinge  on  the  outer  petals. 

Botanical  Stations  in  the  West  Indies. 

, — The  last  number  of  the  Kew  Bitlletin  is  devoted  to 
the  question  of  the  means  to  be  adopted  to  counter- 
act the  depression  that  exists  in  the  Sugar  industry 
of  the  West  India  Islands.  The  selling  price  of 
Sugar  is  now  below  the  cost  of  production,  and  the 
colonies  in  question  are  in  consequence  turning  their 
attention  to  some  other  possible  objects  of  profitable 
cultivation — such  as  Cocoa,  tropical  fruits.  Coffee, 
spices,  fibres,  Tobacco,  &c.  In  order  the  better  to 
carry  out  these  objects  it  is  proposed  to  create  small 


botanical  establishments  in  each  island  for  experi- 
mental purposes,  and  as  a  means  of  diffusing  a 
knowledge  of  the  resources  available,  and  of  the  best 
method  of  turning  them  to  account.  The  object,  in 
fact,  is  to  establish  a  botanical  federation  for  purely 
economic  purpose^,  so  that  each  island  m.ay  act  more 
economically  and  effectively  than  if  it  were  left 
entirely  to  its  own  resources.  A  similar  federation 
might  be  adopted  in  the  case  of  the  West  African 
colonies.  In  each  case  Kew  would  deal  with  the 
recognised  colonial  centre,  much  labour  would  be 
s.aved,  while  work  would  be  systematiscd  and  ren- 
dered more  directly  elfective. 

Boil  Your  Milk.— It  is  now  decidedly  proved 
that  scarlet  fever  is  due  to  the  multiplication  within 
the  body  of  minute  plants  (micrococci)  which  are 
introduced  with  milk  from  unhealthy  cows.  These 
creatures  are,  however,  killed  by  boiling  the  milk. 
In  one  case  a  lodger  died  after  drinking  unboiled 
infected  milk,  while  the  landlady,  who  drank  the 
same  milk  boiled,  experienced  no  ill  elfect.  By 
itself  this  case  proves  little,  but  in  association  with 
Dr.  Klein's  careful  experiments  and  observations 
it  goes  to  prove  the  truth  of  the  proposition. 

CheIRANTHUS  MarSHALLIANUS.— We  learn 
that  this  form  has  this  season  been  found  in  the 
Edinburgh  Botanical  Garden  growing  on  C.  alpinus, 
of  which  it  is,  therefore,  to  be  considered  as  a  sport. 

The   Vegetable  Sheep.— A  small  plant  of 

this  very  interesting  plant  is  growing  under  glass  in 
the  Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh.  This  is  no 
relation  to  the  Tartarian  lamb  we  used  to  liear  of 
once  upon  a  time. 

Mr.  J.  Waterers  Rhododendron  Show. 
— Lovers  of  Rhododendrons  would  do  well  to  pay  a 
visit  to  Cadogan  Gardens,  Sloane  Street,  Chelsea.S.W., 
and  see  Mr.  iTohn  Waterer's  show  of  these  plants, 
which  is  at  this  time  at  its  best.  This  year,  as  in 
former  ones,  Mr.  W.\terer  shows  some  new  varieties 
of  great  merit,  and  of  them  Princess  Margaret  is  one 
of  the  best,  with  brilliant  crimson  flowers.  Duchess 
of  Connaught  has  fine  large  trusses,  and  large  white 
flowers  with  a  lemon  blotch,  which  lends  brilliancy 
to  the  flower.  Another  handsome  variety  is  Duke 
of  Connaught,  with  a  pale  crimson  flower,  the  margin 
being  a  very  deep  shade  of  the  same  colour.  Edward 
W.  Waterer  should  be  obtained  by  growers  ;  it  is 
rosy-pink  with  a  deep  blotch,  and  bears  heavy  trusses. 
A  specially  noticeable  plant  on  account  of  the  fine 
shaped  pyramidal  truss — indeed  it  is  the  best  shaped 
of  all  the  varieties — is  Duchess  of  Bedford  ;  it  is 
whitish-pink  with  rose-pink  margin.  Countess  of 
Normanton,  pure  white,  spotted  brown,  is  excellent, 
and  shows  up  very  well ;  Baron  Schroder,  plum-red 
with  buff',  if  not  so  eff'ective  in  colour  as  some 
sorts,  is  very  distinct  and  deserves  notice  on  that 
account.  One  of  very  striking  and  pleasing  appear- 
ance is  Michael  Waterer,  an  intense  cherry-red  and 
a  very  free-flowerer.  These  are  some  of  the  finest 
sorts,  and  among  all  these  Kate  Waterer  still  stands 
out  in  the  front  rank,  but  its  hardihood  is  uncertain. 
Other  noticeable  varieties  are  Chionoides,  white  with 
slight  yellow  blotch,  as  good  a  white  as  there  is  : 
Fastuosum  fl.-pl.,  semi-double,  lilac,  loose  in  truss 
and  vigorous  grower ;  Lady  Eleanor  Cathcart,  pale 
flesh-cherry  with  a  deeper  blotch  ;  Marchioness  of 
Hcadford,  white  suffused  witli  pinkish-rose,  and 
chocolate  blotch  ;  and  Mrs.  Tom  Agnew,  white  with 
jiure  enierald-green,  very  effective. 

Azaleas,  Hardy.— Anything  that  prolongs  the 
season  of  Azaleas  must  be  welcomed  by  all  garden 
lovers.  We  have  already  alluded  to  the  great  improve- 
ments that  have  been  made  by  Mr.  Anthoky  Waterer 
in  the  development  of  the  Rhododendron  and  Azaleas. 
The  introduction  or  re-introduction  of  Azalea  occi- 
dentalis,  and  its  use  in  crossing,  has  resulted  in  the 
production  of  varieties  of  firmer  foliage,  produced 
with  the  flowers,  of  later  blooming  habit,  with  flowers 
of  clearer  colour,  greater  substance,  and  equally 
agreeable   perfume.      Mr,   Wateber  sends   us  from 


Knap  Hill  a  box  of  Azaleas  which,  considering  the 
unusually  hot  and  dry  season,  are  very  remarkable. 
For  brilliancy  of  colour,  size,  substance,  and  per- 
fume of  flower,  they  are  among  the  best  we  have 
seen ;  some  of  these  are  crosses  between  A.  occiden- 
talis,  A.  mollis,  and  the  Ghent  Azaleas,  others  are 
varieties  of  the  latter. 

Royal  Botanic   Society.— It  is  announced 

that,  in  consequence  of  a  State  Ball  having  been 
ordered  for  Wednesday,  July  6,  the  date  proposed  for 
the  evening. /ftf,  II.S.H.  the  President  has,  with  the 
consent  of  the  Council,  fixed  the  date  of  the  even- 
ing/ac  for  Thursday,  July  7,  to  enable  himself.  Her 
Royal  Highness  tlie  Princess  Mary,  Duchess  of 
Teck,  and  others  to  attend.  All  tickets  issued  for 
the  fitc  will  be  available  on  July  7.  A  special  pro- 
menade will  take  place  at  the  gardens  on  the  6th. 

Forecasting    the   Weather.  —  Mr.  B.  G. 

Jenkins  has  contributed  to  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Belgium  a  paper  the  object  of  which  is  to  prove  that 
the  moon  has  an  influence  on  the  weather,  and  is  indeed 
the  actual  cause  of  its  variations,  by  showing  that  the 
moon  has  a  cycle  of  sixty-two  years,  and  the  weather 
a  coincident  cycle,  in  other  words,  that  the  move- 
ments of  the  moon  in  I8S7  are  practically  identical 
with  those  of  1825,  and  that  the  weather  of  1825  is 
being  repeated  in  1887.  If  this  can  be  borne  out  all 
we  have  to  do  when  desirous  of  forecasting  the  weather 
is  to  look  back  to  the  weather  records  of  sixty-two 
years  ago.  On  turning,  however,  to  Miss  Ormerod's 
reductions  of  the  Cobham  Journals  we  find  that  for 
the  month  of  June,  1825,  the  temperature  was  2° 
deficient,  and  that  rain  fell  on  ten  days  to  the  extent 
of  M'J  inch,  rather  more  than  half  the  average.  We 
fear  that  this  does  not  tally  well  with  Mr.  Jenkins' 
remarks.  At  Cobham,  for  July,  1825,  the  tem- 
perature was  2°  in  excess,  and  with  scarcely  any 
rain.  It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  the  present 
July  will  be  of  the  same  character.  Mr.  Jen- 
kins' forecast  for  January,  1887,  as  reprinted,  was 
a  very  close  approximation  indeed  to  the  actual 
fact. 

Cambridge. — Xev/  plant-houses  and  a  small 
research  laboratory  are  to  be  erected  in  the  Botanic 
Garden.  It  is  hoped  that  a  new  class-room  for 
practical  botanical  research  will  be  erected. 

Manchester  Exhibition.— For  the  six  weeks 

the  Exliibition  has  been  open  the  numbers  exceed 
those  at  the  Kensington  show  last  year.  It  is  a 
success  in  every  sense  of  the  word. 

Hay  Fever. — According  to  Dr.  Morell  Mac- 
kenzie, this  troublesome  disease  is  almost  invariably 
caused  by  the  pollen  of  certain  grasses,  especi- 
ally Anthoxanthum  odoratum,  IIolcus  avenaceus 
[  ?  Avena  elatior.  Ed.];  Alopccurus  pratensis,  Poa 
fertilis  [?],  P.  trivialis,  P.  nemoralis  [?],  and  Lo- 
lium  perenne.  The  complaint  seems  to  have  ori- 
ginated in  this  country  and  to  afl'ect  especially  the 
Anglo-Saxon  race  and  especially  the  more  cultured 
members  of  it.  We  have  ventured  to  put  a  ?  to  some 
of  the  names  of  the  grasses,  which  seem  either  in- 
correct or  unlikely  to  be  among  the  culprits.  We 
have  not  seen  the  original  work  of  Dr.  Mackenzie, 
and  are,  hence,  at  a  loss  to  know  how  he  distinguishes 
the  pollen  of  these  grasses  one  from  another.  The 
method  of  collecting  them  is  to  smear  some  glycerine 
on  an  ordinary  slide,  expose  it  to  the  air,  and  after  a 
given  time  to  count  the  number  of  grains  in  a  square 
centimetre.  "  Artemisia  maritima  "  or  its  variety,  A. 
gallica,  are  credited  with  producing  like  effects  near 
the  coast,  and  also  the  Rose,  some  people  being  sub- 
ject to  "  Rose  cold." 

Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institu- 
tion.— The  annual  festival  of  the  Society  was  held 
on  Wednesday  evening  last,  under  the  presidency  of 
Baron  Ferdinand  de  Rothschild,  M.P..  supported 
by  Sir  Robert  Peel,  and  a  large  comijany  of  horti- 
culturists and  their  friends.  The  Baron  sketched  the 
history  of  gardening  from  the  time  of  Adabi  to  that  of 


JcLT  2,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


19 


Paxton,  Moohe,  Turner,  Philip  Frost,  and  Zadok 
Stevens  ;  asserted  the  superiority  of  Britisli  forced 
flowers  and  fruits  over  Continental  ones.  Sir  RonEUT 
Peel  complimented  the  Chairman  and  the  Treasurer. 
Mr.  Hahkv  Veitch  was  made  happy  by  a  substantial 
addition  to  the  fund,  as  detailed  more  at  length  in 
another  column. 

Rev.  Canon  Hole.— The  Fall  Mall  Ga:Me 
announced  in  its  Tuesday's  issue  that  the  Bishopric 
of  Nova  Scotia  has  been  offered  to  the  Reverend 
Canon. 

Gardeners'  Orphan  Fund.— We  have  re- 
ceived a  promise  of  a  donation  of  £10  10s.  from  Mr. 
W.  Bull  to  this  fund,  with  an  annual  subscription 
of  £1  Is.  Mr.  W.  Bull,  Jun.,  also  subscribes  1  guinea 
annually. 

A  New  Oil  Seed.— Within  the  last  few  days  I 
have  had  submitted  to  me,  says  Mr.  Jackson,  from  two 
distinct  firms  at  Liverpool,  samples  of  oil-seeds  from 
the  River  Niger,  with  a  request  to  be  informed  as  to 
their  name  and  properties.  These  seeds  prove  to  be 
those  of  Lophira  alata,  a  hard-wooded  Dipterocarpous 
tree  of  Senegambia,  Sierra  Leoue,  and  the  Niger. 
The  seeds  as  imported  are  carefully  denuded  of  tiieir 
woody  shells  and  winged  calyx-lobes  ;  they  contain 
a  quantity  of  oil.  On  the  Niger  the  natives  e.xprcss 
this  oil  and  use  it  for  cooking  purposes,  as  well  as 
for  anointing  their  hair.  From  samples  contained 
in  the  museum  at  Kew  it  would  seem  that  these 
seeds  have  been  before  imported  into  this  country, 
but  many  years  since  ;  whether  they  will  now  be- 
come a  regular  article  of  commerce  remains  to  be 
seen. 

Flowers  of  Tan.— For  this  most  destructive 
pest  M.  Gaston  Malet  recommends  the  use  of  a 
solution  of  copper-sulphate  (blue  vitriol),  2  grammes 
to  the  litre  of  water  (say  half  a  drachm  to  a  quart). 

The  Fruit  Trade  of  Tonga,  Fiji  Islands. 

— Under  the  head  of  green  fruit  it  is  stated  that 
Bananas  and  Pines  were,  during  the  last  quarter  of 
the  year  18SG  only  an  insignificant  item  of  export 
from  Tonga,  Fiji  Islands,  amounting  to  only  £25. 
The  Tongan  Government,  however,  have  planted 
60,000  Bananas,  the  fruits  of  which  are  intended  for 
exportation  to  Sydney  and  New  Zealand,  so  that 
Fiji  may  expect  during  the  present  year  a  consider- 
able competition  in  this  line,  and  as  the  Orange 
crop  is  reported  to  be  most  abundant,  the  exporta- 
tion of  fruit  during  the  present  year  is  expected, 
should  no  hurricane  occur,  to  attain  an  importance 
which  it  never  has  before  attained. 

Bury  St.  Edmunds  and  West  Suffolk 
Horticultural  Society:   June  23  and  24.— 

This  Society,  of  which  our  old  friend,  Mr.  Petee 
Grieve,  formerly  of  Culford  Hall,  has  been  the 
Hon.  Secretary  for  six  years  past,  held  its  annual 
Bummer  show  on  the  above  date  in  the  Botanical 
Gardens.  It  was  a  little  smaller  than  usual,  owing 
to  the  retarding  character  of  the  season,  still,  it  was 
considered  satisfactory,  and  attracted  a  goodly 
number  of  visitors. 

The  Big  Bouquet.— We  are  informed  that 
photographs  of  the  Queen's  bouquet  may  be  had  of 
Jlessrs.  KoucH  &  Co.,  Norfolk  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Twelve  good  Rhododendrons.— Rhododen- 
drons are  now  so  numerous  that  selection  becomes 
difficult,  but  there  are  some  first-class  varieties  which 
compel  admiration.  Among  many  others  at  the 
Knap  Hill  Nurseries  the  following  were  specially 
noticeable : — Sigismund  Rucker,  claret,  with  deep 
purple  spots ;  Jas.  JI.  Brooks,  crimson,  with  olive- 
green  spots  ;  Mrs.  Price  Land,  delicate  pink,  with 
yellowish  spots;  Lady  Gray  Egerton,  delicate  lilac  ; 
Queen,  white ;  Mrs.  John  Clutton,  white  ;  Minnie, 
white,  with  orange  blotch  ;  Mrs.  Simpson,  white,  with 
orange  and  purple  spots  ;  Sappho,  white,  with  deep 
purple  blotch  ;  Scipio,  magnificent  rose,  with  dark 


spots ;  Florence,  rosy-lilac,  white  eye ;  Martin  Sutton, 
rich  glowing  crimson  ;  Alex.  Dancer,  an  old  variety 
with  rosy-lilac  flowers. 

Watering  with  Warm  Water  has  often  been 
proposed,  and  every  gardener  prefers  to  use  water  of 
no  lower  temperature  than  that  of  his  house.  It 
does  not  appear,  however,  according  to  the  experi- 
ments of  Jlr.  DvBowsKi,  that  any  material  good 
effect  arises  in  practice  from  the  use  of  warm  water 
(20°— 30^  C,  68°— 8(3°  F.),  because  the  ettect  is 
merely  temporary,  and  a  short  time  after  application 
the  soil  returns  to  its  original  temperature.  The 
experiments  of  the  physiologist  in  the  laboratory  give 
different  results,  because  the  temperature  is  main- 
tained throughout  at  one  level,  which  would  hardly 
be  practicable  in  stoves,  except,  of  course,  in  the 
case  of  water-plants. 

The  Plymouth  Strawberry.— We  are  in- 
debted to  Miss  Owen  for  specimens  of  this  curiosity, 
in  which  all  the  parts  of  the  flower  are  represented 
by  more  or  less  perfect  leaves,  which,  although  they 
render  the  fruit  of  no  "  vse  for  meate,"  as  Parkin- 
son says,  yet  are  "  pleasant  to  beholde  and  fit  for  a 
gentlewoman  to  weare  on  her  arme  as  a  raritie."  Dr. 
HoGQ,  in  a  note  inserted  in  Dr.  JIasters'  Vcyt'tahlc 
Teraioluyy,  p.  27.3,  speaks  of  the  plant  as  a  botanical 
Dodo,  which  had  disappeared  and  become  extinct, 
even  Ducuesne  having  seen  only  a  dried  specimen. 
We  refer  the  reader  to  the  note  before-mentioned, 
and  rejoice  to  learn  that  the  plant  is  still  in  exist- 
ence in  the  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh. 

The  English  Retail  Seed  Trade  and 
Sunday   Postal   Labour.— The  following  letter 

has  been  sent  to  us  for  publication  : — In  the  evidence 
given  before  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons  on  Sunday  Postal  Labour,  Mr.  Martin  J. 
Sutton,  managing  partner  of  the  firm  of  Messrs. 
Sutton  and  Sons,  Seedsmen,  Reading,  is  reported  to 
have  said  {vide  Times  of  the  18th  inst.,  and  the  Bock 
of  the  24th  inst.)  that  "Competitors  in  the  trade 
though  they  did  not  ostensibly  keep  open,  did 
receive  letters  and  despatch  goods  on  Sunday."  As 
leading  retail  seedsmen  in  the  United  Kingdom,  we 
desire,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  emphatically  to 
say  that  the  statement  made  by  Mr.  Sutton  is  both 
untrue  and  unjust.  If  (which  we  very  much  doubt) 
it  could  be  proved  any  house  is  guilty  of  the  practice, 
it  would  have  been  only  fair  on  Mr.  Sutton's  part  to 
have  given  the  name,  and  not  have  made  an  accu- 
sation which  reflects  on  the  honour  and  integrity  of 
the  entire  retail  seed  trade.  We  are,  Sir,  yours 
very  truly,  Barr  &  Son,  London ;  James  Carter  & 
Co.,  London ;  Drummond  &  Son,  Dublin ;  Drum- 
mond  &  Son,  Stirling ;  Daniels  Bros.,  Norwich ; 
Charles  Fidler,  Reading ;  Harrison  &  Son,  Leicester  ; 
Hooper  &  Co.,  London  ;  Kent  &  Brydon,  Dar- 
lington ;  Lamoureux  &  Co.,  Plymouth ;  Little  & 
Ballantvne,  Carlisle  ;  Oakshott  &  Millard,  Reading. 


Notices  of  Books. 


The    Fungus    Hunter's    Guide.     W.    Delisle 

Hay.  (Swan,  Sonnenschein,  Lowrey  &  Co.) 
This  work  is  a  kind  of  supplement  to  Mr.  Hay's 
larger  work,  Tke  Textbook  of  British  Fungi, 
noticed  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  a  few  weeks  ago. 
We  have  no  wish  to  review  this  book  unfavourably, 
and  certainly  not  unjustly,  but  we  have  several  very 
strong  objections  against  it.  As  very  little  of  the 
book  is  original,  the  somxe  of  the  material  (viz.,  Dr. 
Cooke's  Handbook),  should  have  been  acknowledged  : 
the  same  remark  applies  to  the  numerous  illustrations 
—  as  scarcely  one  is  original,  the  source  should  have 
been  indicated.  Very  little  credit  appears  to  be  due 
to  Mr.  Hay  beyond  correct  (but  unacknowledged)  tran- 
scription. We  greatly  object  to  the  new  "  popular  ' 
names,  as  they  make  the  index  to  the  larger  volume 
not  only  perfectly  valueless  but  in  the  highest  degree 
irritating.    The  second  volume,  fortvinately,  is  with- 


out the  exasperating  adjunct  of  a  new  popular  index. 
We  object  greatly  to  the  alteration  of  the  sequence 
of  species  as  given  by  Fries  ;  the  best  botanists  have 
hesitated  to  alter  this  masterpiece  of  understandable 
arrangement  constructed  by  a  master  mind  ;  why, 
then,  should  Jlr.  Hay  step  in  and  attempt  to  mar  it  ? 
It  is  conceivable  that  some  genius  may  at  some  future 
day  improve  on  the  work  of  the  great  Swedish 
master,  but  Mr.  Hay's  attempt  simply  destroys  his 
own  work,  for  if  one  wishes  to  find  a  given  fungus  in 
Jlr.  Hay's  index,  he  is  met  with  a  mad  harlequinade 
of  ghastly  humorous  new  names,  and  if  he  depends 
upon  his  memory  of  Fries'  sequence,  he  is  met  with 
a  hideous  jumble ;  everything  being  shaken  up, 
altered,  aud  furnished  with  a  whimsically-comic  new 
name.  The  author  says,  in  his  preface,  that  "  A 
very  slight  acquaintance  with  the  subject  is  all  that 
is  requisite,  in  order  to  make  practical  application  of 
tlie  information  here  afforded ;  "  but  the  author's 
own  case  proves,  that  even  with  his  own  confessed 
*'  wide  acquaintance  with  mycological  literature  "  he 
has  not  been  able  to  save  himself  from  serious  errors. 
If  "  amateur  mycologists  "  make  "  practical  applica- 
tion "  of  some  of  the  "  information"  contained  in  the 
volume  before  us,  their  carcases  will  probably  have 
to  be  examined  by  a  coroner  before  burial.  In  one  of 
the  "  keys  "  the  author  distinguishes  between  two 
kinds  of  "  parasites."  One  ^set  contains  the  "  para- 
sites on  living  plants,"  the  other  the  "  parasites  on 
dead  or  dying  plants."  Since  Cooke's  Handbuok 
was  published  nearly  twenty  years  ago.  a  vast  amount 
of  work  has  been  done  in  connection  with  the  larger 
fungi,  not  only  by  Dr.  Cooke,  but  by  the  great  master, 
Fries  himself,  and  by  other  botanists.  Mr.  Hay, 
therefore,  made  a  mistake  in  becoming  a  "  parasite 
on  a  dead  plant  "  (Dr.  Cooke's  Handbook),  he  should 
have  become  parasitical  on  a  "  living  plant,"  as  Fries' 
Ht/iiienoinycdf-'s  Eiiroptpi,  or  upon  Stevenson's  more 
recently  published  British  Fungi.  Although  the 
smaller  book  before  us  is  a  kind  of  key  to  Mr.  Hay's 
larger  book,  yet  the  two  dirt'er  somewhat  from  each 
other,  and  certain  notes  given  in  the  smaller  are  not 
mentioned  in  the  larger.  None  of  the  illustrations, 
either  of  genera  or  sub-genera,  is  furnished  with  a 
name  ;  this  is  an  extraordinary  omission,  and  by  a 
strange  coincidence.  Dr.  Cooke  (by  some  oversight) 
forgot  to  name  his  outlines  of  the  sub-genera  of  Agar- 
icu3 ;  but  if  Jlr.  Hay  had  referred  to  the  fountain- 
head,  he  could  have  secured  names  for  all.  Names  are 
most  important  both  for  genera  and  sub-genera.  The 
sub-genera  of  Agaricus  are  often  divided  and  sub- 
divided into  sections  more  or  less  defined,  and  an 
engraved  outline  cannot  be,  and  is  not,  typical  of  all 
the  species  of  any  given  sub-genus.  The  unnamed 
outline  on  p.  49  is  not  a  British  plant  at  all.  The 
book  is  very  well  printed,  and  apparently  free  from 
errors  of  the  press,  but  it  is  founded  on  work  now 
out  of  date.  As  for  the  edible  species,  perhaps  the 
less  said  of  them  the  better;  possibly  some  of  our 
very  remote  flat-headed  Palaiolithic  precursors  might 
have  been  able  (if  their  jaws  were  powerful  enough) 
to  masticate  woody  and  leathery  Polyporei,  accom- 
panied by  sheets  of  dry  rot,  peeled  from  prostrate 
logs,  with  a  dessert  of  shivering,  cold,  and  loathsome 
Tremellas  ;  but  in  the  present  day,  when  steak, 
Potatos,  and  bread  can  be  purchased  for  a  (as  some 
say)  moderate  sum,  some  of  Jlr.  Hay's  new  "  lumps 
of  delight "  will,  we  fear,  have  but  a  poor  chance  in 
the  "  survival  of  the  fittest." 


The  Herbaceous  Border, 


PRIMULA   RUSBYI. 

Amongst  many  species  of  Primrose  which  have 
flowered  here  this  spring  few  are  prettier  or  more 
satisfactory  than  P.  Rusbyi.  I  see  by  reference  to 
the  Primula  Conference  Catalogue  of  Synonyms  that 
it  is  a  native  of  New  Jlexico,  and  as  it  is  not  included 
in  Asa  Gray's  North  American  Flora,  I  conclude  it  is 
a  new  discovery.  It  is  by  far  the  best  American 
Primrose  I  have  yet  seen,  most  of  them  being  shabby 
aud  unsatisfactory.      The  flowers   are  as  large   as 


20 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  2,  1887. 


those  of  a  florist's  Phlox,  the  habit  dwarf  and 
sturdy,  and  the  colours  bright  and  dear,  reminding 
me  of  some  of  the  best  garden  varieties  of  Phlox 
subulata.  I  believe  my  specimen  was  bought  from 
Ware  in  the  spring  of  last  year,  but  it  is  not 
included  in  liis  latest  catalogue,  nor  can  I  find  it  in 
any  catalogue,  or  I  should  order  more.  In  this 
second  year  of  my  experience  of  it  I  think  it  a  most 
promising  garden  species.  It  has  been  planted  out 
in  an  exposed  situation  here  for  fifteen  months. 
C.  Wolley  Dod,  Edge  Hall,  Jane  12. 


Trillium    sessile  var.    cilifor- 1  New    Plant    and     Bulb    Co., 

nica      f     April  26. 

Violet  Victoria Chambers,  April  12. 

Zypooolax  Veitchii      Veitch,  March  22. 

■\-EGETABl,ES. 
Potato  Kevan'3  Hybrid         ...    Kevan,  Jan.  II. 


STAND    FOR    EXHIBITING 

GRAPES. 

The  plan  of  preserving  cut  bunches  of  late-keeping 

Grapes  by  immersing  their  stalks  in  bottles  of  water, 


NEW  PLANTS   CERTIFICATED 


The   JoUoroing    received    First-class    Certificate^!. 

Abies  (Picea)  excelsa  mutabilis  Veitch*  May  24. 
Adiantum  cuneatum,  Gordon's 

tasselled  Gordon,  April  12. 

Amaryllis  Ambient       Veitch,  April  26. 

„    Edith  Wynne      Veitch,  April  12. 

„     Nestor        Veitch,  March  8. 

..    Nonpareil Veitch,  April  12. 

AuricuUi  Abbe  Liszt     Douglas,  April  12. 

„    Sir  William  He-vveLt    ...  Douglas,  April  13. 

Azalea  (hardy)  Beauty  .,.  Veitch,  May  24. 

,,    (hardy)  Maiden's  Bhi.^h  Veitch,  May  24. 

„    Peacb  Blossom A.  Waterer,  May  24. 

.,    Snowflake A.  Waterer,  May  24. 

Barkeria  Vauneriana Vanner,  Jan.  11. 

Borouia  heterophylla Veitch,  March  22. 

i  Baron  F.  Rothschild.  April  12 

Cattleya  Trianaei    Schroederip-  Baron  Schroder.  April  12. 

(  F.  Wigan,  April  12. 

Chrysanthemum  Golden  Gem  Owen,  Jan.  11. 

„    Mrs.  H.  Joues     Ware,  Jan.  11. 

Cineraria  Alexander  Warwick  Gordon.  April  12. 

,.    (double)  William  Pratt  .  Pratt.  April  12. 

Ctjelogyne  Dayana        Schroder,  June  14. 

Cyclamen  Princess  of  Wale?i...  Clarke,  April  2t5. 

„    Queen  of  Crimsons        ...  Odell,  April  12. 
Cypripedium     Leeanum     su- 

perbum  Schroder,  Jan.  11. 

.,     leucorhodum        Veitch,  April  12. 

Ereraurus  robustus       Loder,  June  14. 

Fritillaria  p;illidiflora Ware,  May  10. 

Hemerocallis  Middendorfiana  .  Ware,  June  14. 

Hyacinth  La  Belle       Veitch.  March  22. 

Ixiolirion  tartaricum  ...         ...  Wtnv,  June  14. 

Kalanchoe  carnea         ^'eiteh,  Jiiii.  11. 

Korolko^via  discolor Ware,  Jan.  11. 

Lffilia  anceps  Sanderiana       ...  -j  ^^^^i^'^;  ^^^^  j^, 

„    ,,    Stella ...     ■ Schrbder,  .Tan.  11. 

Lycaste  plana  Measurei^iana...  Williams,  Feb.  S. 

Miltonia  vexillaria  radiata   ...  Schroder,  June  14. 

,,    „    leueoglossa Tautz.  April  2(j. 

Mosdevallia  lutea  oculata     ...  Tautz,  June  14. 
Mimulus,      Carter's      Jubilee 

Queen's  Prize Carter.  Mav  24. 

Narcissus  Captain  Nelson      ...  \  ^Ze!':^l'lo. 

„     cyclamineus         Barr,  Apnl  12 

,,    Gloria  Mundi      Barr.  May  10. 

,.     Glory  of  Leyden Barr,  Mav  10. 

„    .ToliMStoni Barr,  April  26 

„     :Miidanie  de  Graaf  ...  Barr,  May  10. 

Odontoglos-sum       cambridgca- 

nuni       Measures,  April  20. 

„    crispum  leopardinum   ...  Pollett,  February  a. 

,,     ,,    Thompson's  var.      ...  Thompson,  April  12. 

„    Pescatorei,  PoUetfs  var.  Pollett,  May  24. 

„    triumphaus,       Rosefield 

var Crawshay,  March  22. 

Pachystoraa  Thomp-iiODianum  .  Vanner,  Feb.  8. 

Pceonv  Banicri ^■eitch,  May  2-t. 

„    isis Veitch,  May  24. 

„    lactea        Ware,  May  24. 

„    odorata  Maria     Ware,  May  24. 

„    Zenobia Ware,  May  24. 

Pelargonium  (show)    Duke  of 

Clarence  Foster,  June  14. 

Phaltenopsis  speciosa Berkeley.  May  24. 

Primrose  Mrs.  Wilson Wilson,  April  26. 

Primula      Sieboldi,      Ware's 

white Ware,  May  10. 

,,    sinenis  Brightness         ...  .Tames,  Feb.  8. 

„     ,.     double      blue     Fern- 
leaved  Sutton,  Jan.  11. 

„     ,,    double    blue,    plain- 
leaved  Sutton,  .Tan.  11. 

„    ,,    doublerose Sutton,  Jan.  11. 

„     ..     double  scarlet  ...  Sutton,  Jan.  11, 

„     ,,    Gipsy  Queen  ...  Sutton,  Jan.  11. 

„     ,,    Purity  James,  Feb.  8. 

„     „    Rosy  Queen Sutton,  Jan.  U. 

,,     „     Snowflake      Veitch.  Feb.  8. 

„     „     White  Perfection    ...  Cannell,  Feb.  8. 

„    obtusifolia  (?)  var.  Gam- 

mieana Douglas.  April  20. 

Pteris  tremula  flaccida  ...  May,  Jan.  11. 

Pyrethrum  Aphrodite Kelway,  June  14. 

"„    Figaro       Kelway,  June  14. 

„     Florentine  Kelway,  June  14. 

„     Margaret  Moore Ware,  June  14. 

.,     JIagifien Kelway,  June  14. 

Ranunculus  rortusicfolius     ...  Loder,  May  24. 
Rhododendron     balsaminieflo- 

Tum  carneum Veitch,  March  22. 

„    La  Belle Veitch,  March  8, 

Bose  The  Bride Gilmour,  March  8. 

.,    Puritan W.  Paul  &  Son,  April  12. 

Rosa  polyantha  Golden  Fairy  Bennett,  April  12. 

„    ,,    miiiutifolia  alba      .,.  Bennett,  April  12. 


Fig.  .?.— 5RAPE  STAxr. 


'^^^>  *Vv 


FUr.  6.— GRAPES   OS  ; 


a  plan  introduced  from  France,  is  now  well  known  in 
our  gardens.  Generally  the  bottles  are  placed  on 
wooden  racks  or  shelves,  but  occasionally  light  iron 
frames  or  stands  are  employed  for  the  same  purpose, 
as  shown  at  fig.  5.  At  the  recent  Paris  Exhibition 
one  of  the  stands  was  made  use  of  for  the  purpose  of 
exhibiting  bunches  and  foliage  of  different  varieties 


of  Grapes.  The  effect  was  so  beautiful  and  so  satis- 
factory, that  we  made  a  hasty  sketch  in  our  memo- 
randum-book, which  Mr.  Worthington  Smith  has 
"  dressed,"  as  in  fig.  0. 

The  sketch  gives  a  very  good  idea  of  the  possi- 
bilities of  such  an  arrangement  for  decorative 
purposes,  but  wt-  would  ask  exhibitors  and  judges  at 
fruit  shows  whetlier  the  system  is  not  applicable  to 
exiiibiting  competing  bundles  of  Grapes  at  our  shows, 
or  of  afibrding  an  opportunity  of  comparing  bunches 
and  foliage  of  different  varieties  with  greater  facility 
than  at  present.  Certainly  no  uglier  mode  of  ex- 
hibiting Grapes  can  be  devised  than  that  generally 
employed  ;  while  the  foliage,  important  for  beauty 
and  for  purposes  of  discrimination,  is  not  shown 
at  all. 


Cultural  Memoranda. 


EICHAEDIA  iETHIOnCA. 
This  showy  decorative  greenhouse  plant  is  of  easy 
management,  and  the  proper  summer  treatment  very 
simple  ;  nevertheless  this  fact  is  not  generally  known, 
consequently  sturdy  and  floriferous  plants  resulting 
from  liberal  summer  culture,  are  not  frequently  met 
with.  Sometime  in  the  month  of  June  the  plants, 
while  moist  at  the  roots,  should  be  turned  out  of  the 
pots,  the  balls  of  earth  and  roots  be  cho])ped  in  two 
a  little  above  the  drainage,  and  then  be  divided  and 
subdivided  according  to  the  number  and  size  of  plants 
it  is  desired  to  grow.  The  divided  plants  should 
then  be  planted  in  an  open  situation  out-of- 
door  in  rows  at  from  16  inches  to  24 
inches  apart,  and  at  the  same  distance  in 
the  rows ;  putting  a  couple  of  shovelsful  of 
loam  and  one  of  short  manure,  in  tlie  proportion  of 
three  of  the  former  to  two  of  the  latter,  about  their 
roots,  making  the  earth  firm  about  them.  This 
done,  put  a  stick  to  each  plant,  and  secure  the  leaves 
thereto,  afterwards  laying  on  rotten  dnng  as  a 
mulching  2  inches  thick,  and  then  give  a  little 
water  to  settle  the  soil  about  the  roots.  The  only 
attention  they  will  require  during  the  summer  months 
is  to  keep  them  free  from  weeds  and  well  supplied 
with  water  at  the  roots  in  the  absence  of  rain.  By 
the  time  the  old  foliage  has  died  down  to  the  ground 
a  fresh  batch  of  leaves  will  start  from  the  "crowns" 
of  the  plants  beneath  the  surface  of  the  soil.  About 
the  third  week  in  August  the  id.ants  should  be 
"ringed"  by  thrusting  a  spade  into  tlie  soil  at  the 
same  distance  from  the  centre  of  the  individual 
plants  as  diameter  of  the  pots  into  which  they  should 
be  potted  a  couple  of  weeks  later.  This  will  prevent 
the  plants  from  experiencing  too  much  check  in  the 
process  of  being  potted  up.  Use  rich  soil  and  well- 
drained  pots.  H.  W.  W. 


Home  Correspondence. 


CACTUS  AND  OTHER  DAHLIAS  AT  SWANLEY 
"HOME  FOR  FLOWERS." — These  formed  a  special 
feature  at  Messrs.  Cannell's  last  autumn,  where 
I  had  an  opportunity  of  seeing — Cactus,  show,  fancy, 
pompons,  and  singles  by  the  acre.  As  during  the 
next  few  weeks  is  the  best  time  to  plant  I  will,  in 
reply  to  one  of  your  correspondents,  briefly  say  some- 
thing on  their  culture  and  the  most  desirable 
varieties.  Dahlias  have  many  enemies.  Slugs  and 
snails  will  reach  them  from  considerable  distances 
when  young  and  newly  planted — earwigs  and  otlier 
foes  later  on.  To  minimise  the  injury  from  these 
pests  whenever  possible  in  newly  made  beds  or 
borders,  encircle  tlie  young  plants  with  dry  soot 
as  a  deterrent.  It  is  common  to  procure  new  Dahlias 
and  to  dig  holes  for  them  in  beds  in  which  something 
else  is  planted  permanently,  and  allow  them  then 
to  take  care  of  themselves.  In  some  cases  there 
may  be  no  alternative,  but  when  there  is,  make  new 
beds.  In  trenching  and  digging  many  of  their 
enemies  are  bui'ied  beyond  future  mischief,  and  before 
the  eggs  of  slugs  that  may  be  near  the  surface  have 
hatched  the  Dahlias  will  have  become  more  vigorous. 
The  ground  can  hardly  be  too  deep  or  too  rich, 
unless  the  grower  objects  to  size,  when  less  manure 
need  be  dug  in.  It  is  a  mistake  to  plant  weakly 
bits  in  case  of  the  shows  or  fancies,  but  the  mistake 


JutT  2,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENEBS'    CHE  ONI  CLE. 


21 


becomes  a  blunder  in  regard  to  the  Cactus  class, 
because,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  they  will  not 
bloom  for  a  month  later.  Give  these  the  warmest 
position — southern  if  possible — from  this  point  of 
view,  and  instead  of  having  the  ground  too  rich,  to 
encourage  the  formation  of  foliage  at  the  expense  of 
blooms,  rather  depend  on  the  subsequent  application 
of  artificial  or  concentrated  manures  in  a  liquid  state. 
I  cannot  but  think  at  the  various  shows  a  special 
class  will  be  arranged  for  Cactus  Dahlias  in  future,  as 
the  number  of  varieties  to  select  from  is  increasing 
by  leaps  and  bounds.  We  are  no  longer  confined  to 
the  white  and  crimson,  desirable  as  these  are,  and 
this  brings  me  to  speak  of  the  most  desirable  selection 
for  a  small  garden.  I  think  I  may  dispose  of  singles 
by  saying  they  seem  to  have  reached  the  zenith  of 
their  popularity.  One  of  the  reasons  for  this  is  that 
worthless  seed  and  worthless  varieties  are  sold  and 
gro\vn,  and  disappointment  results ;  while  really 
brilliant  and  valuable  named  kinds,  as  easily  obtained 
and  nearly  as  cheap,  are  eschewed.  "We  strode 
across  several  acres  to  see  what  a  wondrously  brilliant 
flower  Mr.  Rose  was,  with  fantastic  pure  white  stripes 
on  a  bright  rose  ground.  Equally  as  surprising  a 
contrast  of  flowers  was  that  fine  companion  variety, 
Chihvell  Beauty,  bright  yellow,  belted  with  scarlet. 


called  "triple-double,"  white  and  black,  Mr.  Miller 
and  Germaine  Wood,  should  be  in  every  collection. 
I  liave  almost  named  enough,  and  they  so  varied,  to 
show  what  an  extensive  class  this  is  ;  but  they  were 
in  many  respects  cast  in  the  shade  by  a  dozen  shown 
us  that  we  were  informed  were  to  be  sent  as  "  the 
Jubilee  Cactus  and  decorative  Dahlias."  They  cer- 
tainly surprised  our  party,  and  included  Mr.  Hoveys 
Charming  Bride,  ivory-white,  tipped  bright  pink  ; 
Lady  Kerrison,  Picotee  edge,  amber  ground ;  of  the 
same  Picotee  character,  but  dwarf,  is  W.  J.  Abery, 
reddish  border,  white  ground.  Of  distinct  primary 
colours  may  be  noted  Lady  Marsham,  Prince  of 
Wales,  Black  Knight,  Prince  Albert  Victor,  Lady 
Thompson,  and  Lady  H.  Campbell.  As  you  have 
recently  given  a  selection  of  show  and  fancy  Dahlias, 
I  need  not  repeat  it;  all  are  grown  here,  in  gi'eat 
variety,  separate,  and  true  to  name.   W.  J.  M, 

PANSIES.  —  Our  two  engravings  (figs.  7  nnd  8) 
represent  faithfully  the  large  kinds  of  Pansies 
brought  into  commerce,  after  years  of  careful  .^elec- 
tion, by  Mr.  F.  Rcemer,  of  Quedlinburg.  For  size  of 
flower,  regularity  of  shape,  substance  in  the  petals, 
these  varieties  exceed  any  that  we  have  seen  in 
this  country.     It  may  be  mentioned  that  the  finest 


with  short  white  hairs.  It  is  found  at  altitudes  of 
13,000  to  15,000  feet  in  Sikkim  Himalaya,  on  wet 
rocks.  Even  if  the  above  treatment  could  be  given  to 
it  in  our  gardens,  and  the  plant  found  to  grow  well — 
which  is  hardly  likely — it  would  take  a  very  great 
number  of  plants  to  make  a  show  that  the  experiment 
would  not  be  tried  more  than  once.  B. 

CENTRANTHUS  RUBER.  —  The  well  -  preserved 
ruins  of  Conway  Castle  were,  less  than  a  week  ago, 
rendered  resplendent  by  the  flowers  of  the  pink  Vale- 
rian, which  lighted  up  the  railway  side  with  an 
indescribable  beauty.  For  covering  rocks  and  ruins 
this  Valerian  is  invaluable.  A.  D.  W. 

THE  QUEEN  RHODODEUDROH.^ Apropos  of  this 
fine  variety,  which  at  this  distance  of  time  since  it  was 
raised  still  stands  at  the  head  of  the  white  varieties, 
Mr.  C.  Noble  informs  me  that  it  was  one  of  a  batch  of 
seedlings  raised  during  the  time  Jfessrs.  Standish 
&  Noble  were  in  partnership,  and  that  it  flowered 
with  Mr.  Noble  after  the  partnership  was  dissolved. 
It  was  raised  from  a  cross  made  between  album 
elegans  and  pictum,  and  it  is  a  remarkable  fact  that 
the  Queen  has  never  yielded  a  seed-pod,  nor  has  it 
furnished  any   pollen   with  which  to   cross   others. 


. — GIANT   FIVE-SPOTTED   PANSY, 


Fig.   8. — I^IPROVED   TEULiEDEAU   PANSY. 


I  am  not  surprised  Messrs.  Cannell  had  First-class 
Certificates  for  these.  I  still  like  such  old  favourites 
as  White  Queen  and  Paragon,  and.  to  make  half-a- 
dozen,  add  Eclipse,  certiflcated,  if  I  remember  right, 
at  Kensington,  and  Mrs.  West,  distinct.  I  come 
next  to  the  Cactus  class.  If  specially  treated,  and 
started  into  growth  early  in  April  or  March,  they 
will  be  among  the  first  to  bloom  ;  in  any  case,  they 
cease  blooming  only  when  cut  off  by  frost.  Then, 
again,  as  a  rule,  they  are  not  so  "  lumpy  "  for  cutting 
purposes,  and  have  much  longer  and  stouter  stalks 
than  the  two  classes — shortly  to  be  amalgated — of 
shows  and  fancies.  One  of  the  oldest  is  Juarezi, 
rich  glossy  crimson,  sent  out  by  this  firm  so  long  ago 
as  1879.  Like  most  of  this  class,  to  get  full  fine 
blooms,  thin  out  the  buds.  It  is,  however,  not  as 
venerable  as  'Mr.  Salter's  white  Constance,  that  has 
seen  more  than  half  a  century  come  and  go.  There 
is  a  scarlet-crimson  form  of  this  named  Lord  Lynd- 
hurst,  both  specially  doing  well  in  poor  soil.  Many 
prefer  Mr.  Tait's  white  (called  after  him),  raised  in 
Portugal  a  few  years  since.  There  are  now  many  of 
the  floret-striped  class,  of  which  the  oldest  is  Pirita 
formosissima,  orange -yellow,  striped  or  edged  with 
scarlet.  This  differs  from  the  last  and  Glare  of  the 
Garden — the  most  floriferous  of  all — inasmuch  that 
it  will  not  come  double  unless  thinned  and  richly 
grown.    As  curiosities,  and  very  distinct,   the   bo- 


blooms  are  produced  by  seedling  plants,  and  that 
the  varieties  come  quite  true  by  this  mode  of  in- 
crease. Fig.  8  is  that  of  the  improved  Trimardeau, 
and  flg.  7  that  of  the  giant  five-spotted  Pansy.  On 
p.  640  of  our  issue  for  May  14  last  we  gave  Mr. 
Roemer's  method  of  raising  and  growing  seedlings. 

PRIMULA  SAPPHIRINA.— This  tiny  little  Prim- 
rose, smaller,  if  anything,  than  P.  minutissima, 
introduced  a  few  years  ago,  and  distributed  from  the 
Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden,  has  been  successfully 
raised  and  flowered  at  Kew  from  seeds  obtained 
along  with  many  others  from  Calcutta  last  year.  It 
is  hardly  the  kind  of  plant  to  cause  a  great  stir 
amongst  the  florists,  but  it  is  teeming  with  interest 
to  the  botanist  as  being  a  chain  in  the  link  that  will 
eventually  sweep  away  the  old  genus  Soldanella. 
In  fact  a  step  has  been  taken  in  this  direction 
already  by  JI.  Franchet,  who  has  studied  the  new 
species  collected  in  Yun-Xan,  and  found  a  few  which 
joined  the  two  genera.  P.  sapphirina  more  nearly 
resembles  a  Soldanella  than  a  Primula,  the  flowers 
being  of  the  same  shape,  drooping  and  finely  fringed. 
They  are  nearly  sessile,  two  or  three  to  a  scape,  and 
of  a  pale  blue  colour.  The  rosettes  of  leaves  are  less 
than  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  the  leaves  about  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  long,  obovate,  and  pinnatifldly 
toothed,  the  whole  plant  hoary,  or  sparingly  covered 


7?.  D.  [Another  remarkable  circumstance  was  men- 
tioned to  us  by  Mr.  A.  Waterer,  to  the  effect  that 
the  same  variety  was  raised  in  his  nursery  at  Knap 
Hill.  Ed.] 

A  BUNCH  OF  CUCUMBER  FRUITS.— We  send 
you  a  bunch  of  Cucumbers  exhibited  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Maidstone  Gardeners'  Society,  on  Wednesday 
the  22nd  ult.,  by  Mr.  Hepworth,  of  Maidstone.  There 
are  eight  fruits  from  the  one  joint,  and  the  weight 
is  13^  lb.  The  variety  is  a  seedling  of  the  exhibitor's. 
They  are  badly  off  colour  now,  but  we  are  informed 
that  this  is  owing  to  their  having  been  cut  upwards 
of  a  week  ago.  Thomas  Frost  S,-  Son.  [The  stems  were 
fasciated  from  excessive  and  disproportionate  gro^vth. 
Ed.] 

SINGLE  ROSES.— Some  of  our  loading  Rose  nur- 
serymen state  that  these  are  iu  great  demand,  and  it 
seems  difficult  to  get  too  large  a  stock.  Strange,  that 
after  our  rosarians  have  been  engaged  during  the  last 
half-century  in  doubling  the  Rose  as  much  as  possible, 
and  succeeding  in  a  remarkable  degree,  the  single 
flowers  are  becoming  popular  and  great  favourites. 
Among  them  are  the  red  and  white  forms  of  rugosa, 
for  they  are  very  strong  indeed,  flowering  in  clusters, 
and  then  followed  by  bunches  of  brilliant  red  berries 
in  autumn  and  winter  j  berberidi folia  Hardii,  yellow 


22 


THE    GARBENEnS'    chhonicle. 


[JcLY  2,  1887. 


with  maroon  spots  ;  the  cropper  and  yellow  Austrian 
Briers  ;  Paul's  single  crimson  and  single  white  Ca- 
mellia japonica,  pure  white,  with  large  yellow  stamens; 
the  pretty  white  Japanese  peryantha ;  and  finally, 
Macartney,  with  its  bright,  shining  evergi-ecn 
foliage,  and  large  pure  white  blossoms.  If  any 
one  requires  a  handsome  object  for  a  dwarf  wall, 
and  the  situation  is  otherwise  favourable,  let  them 
plant  the  last-named.  Paul's  crimson  and  white  are 
both  perpetual  bloomers,  and  they  would  make  a 
chai-ming  bed.  Now  that  the  single  Dahlias  are 
declining  in  the  popular  estimation,  the  single 
Roses  promise  to  come  in  and  take  their  place. 
The  best  form  of  plant  of  any  of  the  single 
varieties  is,  as  pot  plants,  worked  in  well-established 
stocks  of  the  seedling  Brier,  such  that  could  be 
planted  out  in  the  open  at  once  without  suffering  a 
check.  7f.  D. 

HARDY  PERENNIAL  POPPIES.  —  Although  the 
various  annual  Pojipies  are  frequently  met  with  in 
gardens,  the  more  gorgeous  and  lasting  hardy  peren- 
nial forms  are  seldom  seen  outside  of  botanical 
gardens  or  places  where  extensive  collections  of 
herbaceous  plants  are  a  specialty.  In  these  days, 
when  ocstheticism  has  given  such  prominence  to  the 
Sunflower,  &c.,  it  seems  strange  that  these  gorgeous 
plants  should  have  been  so  long  overlooked— more 
especially  when  it  is  considered  they  have  a  further 
claim  to  recognition  on  the  score  of  ornamental 
foliage.  Papaver  bracteatum,  a  n.itive  of  tlie 
rocky  defiles  of  Siberia,  is  the  tallest  and  the 
hardiest  (if  we  except  Iceland  Poppies)  of  its  class. 
It  is  distinguishable  by  its  bracts,  as  the 
name  implies,  and  by  its  dee]>  crimson-scarlet 
flowers,  borne  on  robust  stalks  from  3  to  4  feet  iu 
height.  It  blooms  during  the  months  of  June  and 
Julv,  when,  spring  flowers  having  passed  away,  it 
cannot  fail  to  be  appreciated.  P.  orientale,  though 
sometimes  mistaken  for  P.  bracteatum,  is  very  dis- 
tinct from  it.  It  is  of  shorter  growth,  rarely  obtain- 
ing to  a  height  of  3  feet.  Its  blooms  are  red,  and 
large,  and  very  showy,  whilst  the  much  divided 
leaves  are  verj-  distinct  from  the  generality  of 
cultivated  garden  plants.  The  blooms  when  cut 
last  well  in  water,  which  is  a  great  advantage. 
Perennial  Poppies  propagate  readily  by  means  of 
numerous  suckers,  which  form  around  the  old 
stools.  The  plants  delight  in  deep  rich  soil. 
William  Earley. 

INDIAN  PINKS. — It  would  be  interesting  to  know 
the  exact  origin  of  tliat  section  of  double  Indian 
Pink  known  as  Dianthusimperialis.  Either  it  is  a  selec- 
tion from  the  ordinary  double  Indian  Pink,  D.  chinen- 
sis,  or  it  is  the  result  of  a  cross  between  this  and  one 
of  the  mule  Pinks,  if  that  is  possible.  D.  imperialis 
grows  to  about  the  heiglit  of  a  foot,  and  has  bright 
crimson  compact  double  flowers  ;  a  variety  named 
atrosanguineus  has  rich  vermilion  flowers,  verj- 
bright  and  effective ;  imperialis  pictus  has  white 
flowers  with  slight  rosy  markings  ;  albus  is  pure 
white.  Another  closely  "allied  to  this  group  is  called 
D.  Dunnetti  splendens  grandiflora,  also  double,  and 
of  a  brilliant  red  colour.  All  here  may  be  said  to 
be  hardy  biennials,  flowering  the  same  year  if  sown 
early  eiiougli,  and  if  the  plants  have  grown  into  size 
and  come  through  the  winter  well  they  are  objects 
of  great  beauty  the  second  year.  The  ordinary  D. 
chinensis  (from  which,  perhaps,  the  foregoing  are 
only  choice  selections),  have  a  great  variety,  both 
double  and  single,  but  they  are  not  so  often  met 
with  in  gardens  as  they  deserve  to  be.  Any  one 
who  gi'ows  them  can  come  and  cut  again,  and  by  no 
means  exhaust  the  capacities  for  blooming  tlie  I'lants 
appear  to  possess.  D.  Heddewigii,  it  is  well  known, 
is  a  fine  selection  from  the  foregoing,  and  took  the 
public  by  storm  when  it  was  first  (listributed  some 
thirty  years  ago  ;  the  first  selection  was  the  fringed 
edged  laciniatus,  and  others  followed.  Some  of  the 
most  distinct  varieties  are  Eastern  Queen,  Crimson 
Queen,  Brilliant,  and  Diadematus,  the  last  having 
charming  striped  and  laced  flowers.  Of  late  years  a 
pure  wliite  variety  has  been  obtained,  but  whether  it 
will  remain  true  to  character  remains  to  be  seen. 
The  Dianthuses  are,  as  a  rule,  much  too  thickly 
sown,  or  rather  the  ])lants  are  not  sufliciently  thinned 
out,  and  if  the  gi-ound  be  poor,  the  blossoms  are 
meagre  and  jjoor,  instead  of  being  large,  stout,  and 
rich.  If  only  individual  plants  were  allowed  to 
occupy  the  space  too  often  given  to  four  or  five,  and 
they  were  cultivated  instead  of  lieing  neglected,  what 
a  reward  would  follow.  If  some  common  flowers,  as 
they  are  termed,  had  articulate  voici',  what  a  volume 
of  protest  against  neglect  would  go  up  from  some 
gardens  ?  B.  D, 


THE  GOOSE'BERRY  CATERPILLAR.— The  sugges- 
tion that  Hellebore  powder  should  be  used  to  dress 
Gooseberry  bushes  for  the  destruction  of  caterpillars 
is  one  happily  rarely  adopted,  and  specially  is  it  not 
so  in  market  gardi'ns.  Happily,  too,  considerable 
mischief  to  the  bushes  by  caterpillars  is  not  common, 
so  that  drastic  antidotes  are  seldom  required.  But 
when  the  pest  does  rage,  market  men  prefer  even 
dirty  soot,  to  poisonous  Hellebore  powder.  But  the 
best  antidote  is  found  in  handpicking,  joined  to  well 
shaking  the  bushes  and  destroying  those  caterpillars 
which  tall.  As  a  preventive,  however,  it  is  an  excel- 
lent ])lan  during  the  winter  to  lightly  fork  off  the 
surface-soil  from  under  the  bushes,  give  the  ground 
about  the  roots  a  good  dressing  of  soot,  dig  deeply 
in  the  surface-soil  thus  removed,  replacing  that  with 
some  brought  up  between  the  rows — also,  as  the 
bushes  leaf,  keeping  the  surface  of  the  soil  beneath 
them  well  stirred  with  hoes,  so  that  the  insects,  whether 
active  or  dormant,  may  be  exposed  to  the  birds  or 
weather.  The  Dutch  lioe  is  an  admirable  implement 
for  use  under  and  about  Gooseberry  and  Currant 
bushes.  If  the  chrysalis  from  which  the  moth 
comes  can  be  destroyed  during  the  winter,  there 
will  be  fewer  eggs  laid  during  the  summer.  'We 
find  sparrows  and  other  small  birds  play  havoc  with 
caterpillars  during  the  breeding  season.  A.  D. 

THE  SELF-HELP  SCHEME.— It  was  not  my  in- 
tention to  have  trespassed  further  upon  your  space 
concerning  this  subject,  at  present ;  but  "  A.  D.'s  '' 
courteous  letter  induces  me  to  crave  your  indulgence 
again.  He  is  quite  right  when  he  supposes  that  I 
w-ant  to  find  a  safe  basis  for  my  scheme  before 
launching  it,  and  that  I  would  also  like  the  opinions 
of  the  gardeners  themselves.  I  presume  he  alludes  to 
the  Orphan  Fund  when  he  says,  if  a  similar  course 
had  been  taken  by  the  promotersof  other  movements 
the  risk  of  failure  would  have  been  spared  them  ;  I 
am  a  supporter  of  Mr.  Penny's  movement,  and  would 
have  a  great  pleasure  in  seeing  it  prosper.  Their 
object  is  excellent,  but  they  seem  to  have  started  at 
the  ^vrong  end.  Gardeners  require  something  that 
will  alleviate  their  condition  and  be  directly  to  their 
own  interest  during  life,  and  when  that  is  provided 
they  will  be  in  a  better  position  and  more  capable  of 
providing  for  their  children  in  case  these  are  left 
orphans.  I  am  not  certain  as  to  "  A.  D.'s  "  meaning 
when  he  says,  the  best  men  will  not  associate  them- 
selves with  such  a  society  as  the  Self-Help,  and  think 
he  is  wanting  in  his  usual  courtesy  to  the  promoters, 
when  he  says  only  the  most  needy  would  do  so. 
I  presume  he  means  by  the  best  men  those  who  have 
succeeded  in  securing  good  and  prominent  positions. 
I  think  those  are  tlie  very  men  who  will  take  it  up 
warmly,  and  give  it  their  support ;  for  these  men 
feel  the  degradation  of  being  obliged  to  work  as 
ordinary  labourers  when  out  of  employment,  more 
than  an  ordinary  gardener  would.  However,  if  the 
class  thought  it' beneath  them  to  become  ordinary 
members,  and  thus  associate  themselves  with  the 
mass,  perhaps  the  et^prit  dc  corps  existing  among 
gardeners  might  imluce  them  to  become  honorary 
members,  liaying  a  trifling  sum  annu.ally,  and  giving 
their  moral  "support  for  the  benefit  of  their  less  for- 
tunate brethren,  many  of  whom  were  their  old  bothy 
associates.  But,  as  li  matter  of  fact,  I  may  mention 
that  it  was  the  pitiable  aspect  of  some  of  these  men 
labouring  in  a  nursery  that  gave  me  the  idea  of 
forming  this  society,  and  I  am  assured  by  private 
correspondents— many  of  them  occupying  good 
positions— that  wheu'the  Self  Help  is  started  it  will 
have  their  hearty  support.  "  A.  D."  admits  that  the 
mass  of  gardeners  are  as  well  paid  as  mechanics. 
If  I  thought  it  desirable  I  could  easily  prove  that 
thev  are  a  good  deal  better  off;  but  his  admission 
is  sufticient  for  my  purpose.  Most  artisans  are 
members  of  their  several  societies,  which  are  very 
strong,  and  similar  in  their  objects  to  the  one  I 
propose,  with  the  exception  that  some  of  them 
interfere  with  the  rate  of  wages  earned  by  their 
members.  The  Self  Help  will  not  and  cannot  do 
this,  as  gardeners  are  usually  paid  according  to  the 
extent  and  requirements  of  the  garden  of  which  they 
have  charge;  and  there  will  always  be  men,  who 
by  steady  industry  and  attention  to  their  duties,  asso- 
ciated with  a  studious  and  observant  mind,  will  raise 
themselves  above  their  fellows,  and  make  their  pro- 
fession a  science  as  well  as  an  art,  thereby  command- 
ing a  higher  wage  than  the  rank  and  file  of  gar- 
deners. Consequently  a  gardener's  society  could  not 
well  interfere  with  the  wage  question.  In  reference 
to  "  A.  D.'s  "  allusion  to  the  proverbial  straws,  I  think 
gardeners  are  better  off  in  this  res]iect  than  the 
mechanics,  who  have  high  house-rent  to  pay,  water 
rates,  poor's  rates,  gas  bills,  coal  bills,  and  have  to 


pay  exorbitant  prices  for  small  necessaries  that  arc 
usually  provided  for  gardeners.  But  I  am  not  going 
to  argue  about  trifles,  and  "A.  D."  is  quite  welcome 
to  this  one,  which  I  think  gardeners  will  be  better 
able  to  bear  when  in  a  situation  than  a  whole  cart- 
load when  he  is  out  of  employment.  "  A.  D."  seems 
to  think  that  I  know  little  of  the  average  gardener 
or  the  pay  he  receives  ;  but  I  have  spent  fifteen 
years  in  a  bothy  as  apprentice,  journeyman,  and  fore- 
man, in  England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  Wales  ;  I 
have  likewise  been  propagator  in  the  houses  of  a 
North  of  England  nursery,  and  foreman  in  a  large 
establishment  which  grows  seed  for  the  wholesale 
trade — I  have  filled  the  position  of  single-handed 
gardener  where  help  is  given  (no  cow),  and  likewise 
the  position  of  steward  over  a  large  estate,  keeping 
the  estate  books,  and  I  have  close  upon  a  hundred 
men  on  my  pay-sheet,  and  solely  under  my  charge ; 
I  have  likewise  rushed  "stuff'for'Covent  Garden  in  an 
atmosphere  that  would  have  suited  a  native  of  Bengal ; 
consequently,  I  ought  to  know  something  of  the 
average  gardener  and  his  earnings,  which  I  have  no 
doubt  "  A.  D.,"  with  his  usual  fairness,  will  admit. 
I  have  nothing  to  say  against  a  gardener  putting 
business  in  tlie  way  of  a  nurseryman  who  may 
have  done  him  a  kindness,  so  long  as  it  is 
consistent  with  his  employer's  interest  tor  him  to  do 
so  ;  the  removal  of  any  cause  for  being  under  any 
obligation  to  the  nurseryman  would  be  better,  and 
would  leave  the  gardener  at  liberty  to  make  his 
purchases  on  the  most  advantageous  terms — a  state  of 
things  which  does  not  exist  at  present.  "  A.  D.'s '' 
allusion  to  the  nurserymen's  good  nature  I  consider 
a  pretty  good  joke,  although  rather  a  grim  one  to 
those  concerned,  and  I  can  fancy  the  surprise  of  some 
of  my  gardening  acquaintances  on  reading  that 
portion  of  his  letter.  I  am  in  correspondence  with 
secretaries  of  other  societies  similar  to  the  one  I 
propose  to  start,  and  hope  to  be  able  to  furnish 
useful  information  shortly.  I  have  been  travelling  a 
good  deal  during  the  last  few  weeks,  and  have  come 
in  contact  with  numbers  of  gardeners,  who,  I  find, 
are,  as  a  rule,  very  favourably  disposed  towards  the 
formation  of  the  self-help  scheme  ;  but  some  of  them 
have  objections  which  are  amusing  in  some  cases, 
and  not  complimentary  to  myself  in  others.  One  old 
gardener  told  me,  when  I  casually  mentioned  the 
subject  to  him,  that  he  quite  agreed  with  "  Forester," 
but  thought  that  he  was  trying  to  float  the  "  concern  " 
for  his  own  benefit  in  some  way  or  other.  For  th*? 
enlightenment  of  the  dubious  ones  I  may  mention 
that  I  shall  be  in  no  way  benefited  by  the  formation 
of  this  society  personally,  but,  contrariwise,  that  my 
advocacy  has  been  otherwise  than  to  my  own  advan- 
tage. However,  if  determination  and  energy,  com- 
bined with  money  sufficient  to  cover  preliminary 
expenses,  will  establish  it,  it  shall  be  done  ;  and  in 
the  meantime  I  should  be  thankful  if  either  "  A.  D.'' 
or  any  other  practical  man  will  give  it  his  concen- 
trated thought.  Forester.  [We  would  intimate  to 
our  correspondent  that  the  Orphan  Fund  has  become 
a  fact,  and  the  Gardeners'  Benevolent^has  long  been 
one.  Our  own  opinion  is,  that  affiliation  to  the 
Foresters'  or  some  similar  society  would  better  meet 
Foreiler's  views  than  another  Gardeners'  Societv. 
Ed.1 

CAULIFLOWERS  ON  UNDRAINED  LANDS.  —  It 
has  long  been  maintained  that  stiff,  somewhat 
heavy  land  is  preferable  for  the  culture  of  Broccoli, 
whereas  deeply  worked,  somewhat  light  and  highly 
enriched  soils  suit  the  Cauliflower  best.  When  it 
is  considered  how  very  nearly  allied  are  Broccoli 
and  Cauliflowers,  especially  in  regard  to  Walcheren 
and  Snow's  Winter  White  Broccoli  and  Veitch's 
Autumn  Giant  Cauliflower,  it  becomes  somewhat 
difficult  to  account  for  this.  No  members  of 
the  vegetable  kingdom  are  possessed  of  greater 
adaptability  than  Brassicas,  as  may  be  noted  by  all 
who  take  the  trouble  to  observe  how  each  crop, 
whether  of  Cabbage,  Savoy,  Cauliflower,  or  Broccoli, 
even  as  regards  the  more  fixed  types,  varies,  accord- 
ing as  cultural  influences  are  brought  to  bear.  These 
variations  are  often  mistakenly  attributed  to  good 
or  bad  strains  of  seed,  as  though  the  progeny  of 
superior  ancestry,  ensured  by  high  culture,  could 
counterbalance  the  results  of  inferior  cultural  or 
climatic  influences.  The  fact  is,  Brassicas,  divide  or 
sub-divide  them  as  we  will,  are  hard  to  destroy.  Sea- 
kale  which  lies  buried  in  the  sands  of  the  seashore 
for  more  than  half  the  year,  the  Broccolis  subsist- 
ing like  indigenous  weeds  on  our  chalky  coast  cliffs  ; 
afford  many  a  dish  to  the  poor  folk  dwelling  in 
coast  towns,  amply  prove  the  hardy  nature  of  the 
plants,  quite  apart  from  man's  handiwork.  Coming 
nearer    home,    however,    how    marvellously    great 


Jot,i  2,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 


23 


are  the  differences  between  one  kind  of  culture  and 
another.  Ou  one  side  of  the  highway  may  be  seen 
cattle  Cabbages  rivalling  in  size  those  the  Yankee 
artist  depicted,  which  would  require  a  railway  truck 
for  the  conveyance  of  each  one  ;  on  the  other  side, 
produce  miserably  small.  Observe  further,  for  each 
crop  the  laud  was  prepared  by  manuring  and  by 
the  usual  breaking  up.  So  far  as  my  observations 
go  I  may  say  that  Cauliflowers  are  averse  from  deep, 
loose,  over-rich  and  damp  soils  and  subsoils,  but 
succeed  in  such  as  are  somewhat  hard  or  poor. 
Over  the  hedge  beyond  my  orchard  there  was 
recently  a  remarkable  instance  of  want  of  success 
attending  good  culture  and  conditions  favourable, 
except  for  one  important  consideration.  The 
crop  consisted  of  about  5  acres  of  Autumn  Giant 
Cauliflower,  growing  upon  an  open  sunny  site,  which 
a  decade  or  so  since  formed  a  portion  of  Hainhault 
Forest.  Like  all  disused  forest  lands  the  soil  has  a 
large  amount  of  inherent  fertility,  and  having  been 
well  prepared  for  the  crop  after  corn  and  Fotatos, 
was  considered  by  the  tenant  oivner  to  be  the  most 
desirably  situated  amongst  some  hundreds  of  acres 
of  variable  land  for  the  paying  crop  of  what  market 
gardeners  called  "white  heads."  Xo  expense  had 
been  spared  to  make  this  crop  a  marked  success,  yet 
the  result  was  a  failure,  but  one  that  was  as  instruc- 
tive to  the  mind  as  it  was  damaging  to  the  pocket 
of  the  grower.  The  crop  showed  great  luxuriance 
of  leaf,  but  instead  of  producing  such  fine  heads  as 
are  desired  in  the  market  during  the  months  of 
October  and  part  of  November,  the  plants  lagged 
during  the  early  summer  months,  and  the  crop 
eventually  proved  small  in  quantity  and  poor  in 
quality.  Now  as  to  the  cause  of  this  failure.  The 
market  gardener  to  whom  the  land  belongs  knew 
that  water  lay  there  slightly,  and  thought  it  would 
be  rather  benelicial  than  otherwise  in  summer  time ;  but 
the  water  kept  the  land  too  cool  for  Cauliflowers.  It 
was  the  want  of  drainage  alone  that  ruined  the  crop. 
A  useful  lesson  may  be  got  from  the  above  fact. 
Horticulturists  are  too  prone  to  plant  summer  Cauli- 
flowers, whether  autumn  or  spring  sown,  upon  too 
light  soils.  Yet  they  are  ever  ready  to  choose  the 
stifTest  soil  and  the  coldest  site  in  the  gai'den  in 
which  to  plant  Broccoli.  The  result  is  oUm 
witnessed  that  verj''  poor  Cauliflower  crops  are  pro- 
duced, and  not  too  good  Broccoli  either,  and,  as 
intimated,  they  are  apt  to  see  an  explanation  in 
the  assumption  that  the  seed  was  an  of  inferior 
strain,  that  the  plants  had  stood  too  long  in  the  seed- 
bed, or  that  the  place  the  plants  grew  in  was  too 
shaded.  My  inference  is  that  better  results  would 
be  gained  if  we  consider  that  the  needs  of  both 
are  identical :  both  require  a  deep,  rich,  firm  soil, 
which  ought  to  be  well  drained,  and  therefore  warm. 
Now,  in  the  majority  of  old  kitchen  gardens  the 
soil  has  been  so  worked  and  used  that  its  natural 
consistency  has  been  destroyed.  I  would  correct  this 
by  choosing,  where  possible,  a  warm  site,  and,  what 
is  more  important,  one  having  a  warm^ — that  is,  a 
porous — subsoil.  Manure  and  prepare  it  a  consider- 
able time  before  tiie  crop  is  to  be  planted.  Some 
years  ago  I  stated  in  these  pages  that  the  best  place 
whereon  to  plant  autumn-sown  Cabbage  plants  was 
an  old  Onion  bed,  no  digging  being  neces.sary ;  and 
I  have  since  been  shown  remarkable  results  there- 
from by  Mr.  Judd  and  others.  This  applies  more 
particularly  to  light  soils.  If,  therefore,  it  suits 
Cabbages  it  will  also  suit  Cauliflowers  and  Broccoli. 
It  may  be  taken  for  granted  that  where  cultural 
skill  has  failed  the  cause  of  failure  may  not  infre- 
quently be  traced  to  cold,  waterlogged  subsoils,  to 
remedy  which  thorough  drainage  of  the  soil  is 
required  to  warm  the  soil  and  fit  it  for  this  and  other 
half-hardy  crops  of  vegetables.  William  Earley,  Iff ord. 


Societies. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

JtJKE  28. — The  meetings  of  the  committees  were 
held  as  usual  in  the  conservatory  at  South  Kensington, 
the  occasion  being  well  utilised  by  some  noted 
growers  of  hardy  plants  near  town  to  bring  before 
the  visitors  very  full  displays  of  what  is  best  worthy 
of  notice.  These  flowers — mostly  cut — gave  just  that 
touch  of  colour  to  the  evergreens  of  the  conservatory 
which  was  needed;  and  the  visitors,  attracted  doubt- 
less in  many  instances  by  a  curiosity  as  to  the  affairs 
of  the  Society  that  were  known  to  be  under  discussion 
were  more  numerous  than  they  have  been  on  some 
former  occasions  during  the  present  year. 


The  duties  of  the  Fruit  Committee  'vere  particularly 
light,  some  Strawberries  and  Apples  being  the  only 
objects  requiring  their  attention. 

Scientific    Committee . 

Present:  Dr.M.T.  Masters  in  the  chair  ;  Present: 
Mr.  Pascoe,  Mr.  McLachlan,  Mr.  O'Brien,  Mr. 
Ridley,  Dr.  Lowe,  Mr.  Lynch,  Colonel  Clarke,  and 
Kev.  G.  Henslow,  Hon.  Sec. 

Loniccra  pubescent,  hi/b, — Colonel  Clarke  exhibited 
sprays  of  a  hybrid  raised  between  this  species  and 
L.  italica.  The  plant  possesses  the  perfoliate  foliage 
of  the  latter,  the  male  parent,  as  well  as  the 
climbing  habit  and  scent.  It  has  small  yellowish 
flowers. 

BulbophjUum  barhigeriim. — This  Orchid,  like  B. 
Calamarii,  is  remarkable  for  the  peculiarity  of  having 
an  oscillating  labellum  covered  with  fine  slender 
gland-tipped  hairs,  which  perhaps  act  as  a  kind 
of  sweep  net  for  flies.  Kemarklng  on  the  me- 
chanical movements  of  the  labella  of  Orchids,  Mr. 
O'Brien  called  attention  to  the  interesting  fact  that 
he  had  more  than  once  observed  a  spontaneous 
movement  in  the  "  tails  "'  of  Masdevallia  corniculata. 
On  watching  them  closely  they  moved  backward  and 
forward  slowly,  but  occasionally  with  a  jerk.  This 
peculiarity  does  not  appear  to  have  been  previously 
noticed. 

Masdevallia  Simula.— 'Sir.  O'Brien  alluded  to  a 
plant  of  this  minutely  flowered  Orchid,  as  also  to 
specimens  of  Catasetum  atratum. 

Liquidamhar  sft/raa'Jliia. — Dr.  Lowe  called  atten- 
tion to  the  rarity  of  this  plant  in  modern  gardens, 
although  it  was  frequently  grown  in  old  ones.  He 
exhibited  a  branch  from  an  old  garden  at  Putney 
adjoining  another  in  which  was  a  Thorn  said  to  have 
been  planted  by  Oliver  Cromwell. 

Hclickrysum  {Swammcrdamia)  antcnnaria.  —  A 
shrub  with  snow-white  masses  of  small  flowers,  was 
also  sent  by  Miss  Owen. 

Monstrous  Floiucrs. — Double  forms  of  Silene  inflata, 
and  Paionia  prolifera  superba,  with  floral  bud  issuing 
from  the  open  carpels,  exhibited  by  Mr.  Ware;  and 
a  semi-double  Chrysanthemum  Leucanthemum  occur- 
ring wild,  from  Jlr.  Saltmarsh.  In  this  form  the 
additional  ligulate  florets  were  very  narrow,  resem- 
bling Japanese  forms  of  Chrysanthemum.  Dr. 
Masters  observed  that  it  was  known  to  occur  much 
more  "  double  "  than  in  the  present  form,  and  Mr. 
Lynch  had  seen  it  with  all  the  florets  "tubular,"  i.e., 
in  the  "  quilled  "  form. 

Liliicm  bulhiferum. — Miss  Owen  sent  flowers  with 
anthers  malformed.  It  was  suggested  by  the  Secre- 
tary that  it  might  be  due  to  enlargement  of  the  aerial 
bulbs  (none  of  which  were  sent),  as  he  had  known 
cases  where  hypertrophy  of  the  bulbs  caused  com- 
plete atrophy  of  the  flowers. 

Miltotna  vcxillaria,  exhibited  by  Mr.  Hollington, 
showed  the  peculiarity  of  the  markings  (the  so-called 
insect  "  path-flnders  ")  of  the  labellum  repeated  in 
various  degrees  upon  the  sepals  and  petals.  This 
was,  however,  not  coupled  with  any  attempt  at  a 
pelorian  condition  of  the  flower.  A  Botanical 
Certiflcate  was  awarded  the  exhibitor. 

Cattleya  Wagneri. — Mr.  Smee  exhibited  a  blossom 
in  which  the  median  sepal  was  adherent  to  the 
column  of  the  flower. 

Aceras  anthropophora. — Mr.  Ridley  exhibited  mal- 
formed specimens,  which  he  undertook  to  examine, 
and  report  upon  at  a  future  meeting. 

Plants  Exhibited. — From  Mr.  Veitch  came  Stvrax 
japonica  and  the  Japanese  Syringa,  the  former  being 
a  very  free-flowering  shrub,  with  white,  scented 
flowers.  Mr.  Lynch  showed  the  following  from  the 
Cambridge  Botanic  Gardens: — Polemonium  flavum, 
Cecropia  stapeliaBformis,  with  a  long,  tubular, 
slender-rayed  and  spotted  corolla  ;  Helianthus 
occidentalis,  Melia  Azedarach,  Cerasus  virginiana, 
Myrsiphyllum  asparagoides,  in  fruit ;  Echeandra 
eleutherandra,  Dichapogon  strictus,  Hymenocallis 
HaiTisianus,  with  very  slender  perianth  leaves  and 
reduced  corona ;  Fontanesia  californica,  a  free- 
flowering  shrub,  with  minute  flowers.  A  vote  of 
thanks  and  a  Botanical  Certificate  for  the  last- 
mentioned  plant,  were  unanimously  awarded  to  Mr. 
Lynch  for  his  interesting  exhibits. 


Floral  Committee. 

Present :  Shirley  Hibberd,  Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  W.  Wilks,  J.  Walker,  H.  Herbst.  H.  M. 
Lowe,  R.  Dean,  C.  Noble,  C.  Pilcher,  J.  Dominy, 
H.  M.  Pollett,  J.O'Brien,  T.  Baines,  E.  Hill.  H. 
Turner,  J,  Douglas,  G.  Paul,  H.  Bennett,  W.  Gold- 


ring,    J.  Hudson,   Dr.   M.   T.  Masters,  and   A.   F. 
Lendy. 

Quite  a  large  number  of  Orchids,  many  of  them 
consisting  of  scarce  or  rare  species,  came  from  Sir 
Trevor  Lawrence's  garden,  Burford  Lodge,  Dorking. 
The  vigour  and  health  of  these  speak  much  for 
Mr.  Bickerstatfe's  skill  and  knowedge.  A  plant  of  the 
remarkable  Bulbophyllum  barbigerum,  from  Sierra 
Leone,  was  shown,  carrying  a  spike  of  flowers,  only 
one  of  which  was  expanded  ;  the  lip,  which  is  of  long 
narrow  form,  is  furnished  with  rows  of  whitish  hairs 
at  the  sides,  and  a  tuft  of  purplish  hairs,  exceedingly 
flne,  at  the  tip.  The  least  movement  of  the  air 
causes  a  corresponding  motion  in  the  pivotted  lip. 
A  number  of  beautiful  forms  of  Masdevallias  were 
shown,  the  majority  being  remarkable  for  the 
size  of  the  plants  and  flowers,  and  the  number  of 
the  latter.  We  may  mention  M.  Harryana,  Bull's 
blood,  the  original*  plant ;  M.  H.  purpurea,  M.  H. 
regalis,  and  M.  H.  sanguinea,  a  large,  with  many 
of  its  brilliant  blooms  ;  Restrepia  elegans,  with 
a  few  flowers  open,  the  golden  lip,  with  its  minute 
spots  of  purplish-brown,  being  the  remarkable  and 
almost  visible  part  of  the  flower  ;  Aerides  Godefroyrc, 
a  good-sized  raceme  of  flowers,  rose-purple  and 
white;  Galeandra  dives,  the  white  throat  contrasting 
with  the  primrose-yellow  of  the  outside  ;  Oncidium 
Karwinskyi,  syn.  0.  maculatura  ;  Coelogyne  Schil- 
leriana.  having  greenish-yellow  sepals  and  petals,  and 
oval,  primrose-coloured  lip,  with  wings  of  purple  and 
throat  of  white  :  the  lip  has  a  triangular  design 
in  brown  dots  at  the  base ;  Lycaste  Deppei  puncta- 
tissima,  with  pale  rose-coloured  sepals :  the  lip  is 
yellow  with  crimson  dots.  There  were  several  flne 
Cypripediums,  as  C.  Swanianum.  C.  caudatum,  a  well 
furnished  plant ;  a  magnificent  plant  of  C.  super- 
ciiiare,  robust,  with  fine  well  developed  slippers  ;  C. 
Hookera3,  remarkable  for  its  rosy-purple  petals ; 
Cattleya  glgas  Sanderiana,  showing  the  splendid  lip 
of  this  variety  in  its  best  form  ;  Phaljcnopsis  Jlariaj ; 
Pleurothallius  sp.,  a  small  chocolate-brown  flower  ; 
Galeandra  nivalis,  an  epiphytal  species  of  great 
rarity,  jjroducing  racemes  of  flowers  about  2  inches 
in  length,  with  narrow  reflexed  sepals  and  petals  of 
olive  colour  :  the  lip  is  expanded  and  marked  with  a 
violet  coloured  blotch.  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  Studley 
House,  Shepherd's  Bush  (gr.,  Mr.  Cowley),  exhibited 
the  remarkably  pale  coloured  Cattleya  labiata  leuco- 
phlaja ;  the  flowers  have  the  palest  lilac  hue  on  sepals 
and  petals,  the  lip  being  pale  purple — a  set  of  tints 
to  most  observers  distasteful ;  Aerides  Leonis,  a  plant 
bearing  a  single  spike;  andPhal^nopsisMariie.  A  well 
grown  plant  of  Miltonia  vexillaria  regina  came  from 
T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq.,  Woodhatch  Lodge,  Reigate 
(gr.,  Mr.  Ridout) ;  the  plant  had  two  spikes  of  bright 
rose  coloured  flowers.  Xevile  Wyatt,  Esq.,  Lake 
House,  Cheltenham  (gr.,  Mr.  Simcoe),  exhibited  a 
plant  of  Cattleya  gigas  of  fine  proportions,  bearing 
on  its  four  spikes  twenty-six  gigantic  blooms,  one 
spike  bearing  no  fewer  than  nine  flowers.  (A 
Bronze  Banksian  Medal.)  An  Odontoglossum 
crispum  from  F.  Wigan,  Esq.,  Clare  Lawn,  East 
Sheen  (gr.,  Mr.  D.  East),  was  remarkable  for  the 
size  and  substance  of  its  flowers.  Dendrobium  poly- 
phlebium  was  likewise  brought  from  the  same  collec- 
tion. Miltonia  vexillaria,  HoUington's  variety,  was 
shown  by  A.  J.  Hollington,  Esq,  Forty  Hill,  Enfield, 
(gr.,  Mr.  Ayling) .  It  is  a  large  pale  rose-coloured  form . 
Miitonia  vexillaria,  Page's  variety  ,was  shown  by 
Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea  ;  the  white  lip  is 
of  the  normal  size,  but  the  upper  parts  of  the  flower 
are  reduced  to  half  the  usual  dimensions,  and  are  of  a 
light  rose  tint,  denser  towards  the  base. 

Miscellaneous. — The  last-named  firm  exhibited 
Syringa  japonica,  a  hardy  shrub  furnished  with  dense 
plumes  of  small  creamy-white  flowers :  flowering 
shoots  of  Andromeda  speciosa  pulverulenta,  copiously 
hung  with  Lily  of  the  Valley-like  bells  ;  and  shoots 
of  Styrax  japonica,  loaded  with  pretty  flowers  of 
snowy  whiteness.  Some  tuberous  Begonias  came 
from  0.  P.  Hodges,  Esq.,  Lachine,  Chislehurst — 
Gaston  Wirix,  semi-double,  white,  and  Gilbert,  a 
double-flowered  scarlet,  of  good  quality.  The  hand- 
some hardy  Acacia  Decaisneana  was  shown  in  cut 
branches,  loaded  with  its  pink  and  white  ra- 
cemes. It  was  shown  by  Mr.  C.  Noble,  Bagshot. 
Several  baskets  of  Carnations  came  from  Mr.  H.  B. 
May,  Dyson's  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton  ;  these  con- 
sisted of  Miss  Joliffe ;  the  old  crimson  Clove  ;  Dr. 
Raymond,  like  this  in  colour ;  Mdlle.  Carle,  a  good 
white  flower  ;  and  Belle  Halliday,  a  sulphur-coloured 
regular  flower.  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  Great  Gearies.  Ilford, 
exhibited  a  Picotee  of  his  raising — Agnes  Chauiber, 
pink,  edged  yellow ;  and  Almira,  a  yellow  Carnation, 
flaked  rose,  full,  regular,  large  in  each  instance. 
Mr.  H.  Bennett,  Rose  grower,  Shepperton,  exhibited 


24 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  2,  1887. 


Pedigree  seedling  Tea  IJose  Priacess  Beatrice,  a  well- 
perfuraed  creamy-white  flower,  witli  salmon-buff 
centre ;  P.  S.  T.  William  Francis  Bennett,  crimson, 
half-double,  but  very  pleasing  in  the  filbert-shaped 
bud  ;  and  P.  S.  T.  Cleopatra,  a  flesh-pink  flower,  full, 
large,  but  most  pleasing  in  the  bud  stage.  The  now 
■well  known  so-called  Shirley  Pojipies,  very  bright 
and  frail,  came  from  Kev.  W.  Wilks,  Shirley  Vicarage  ; 
several  improved  forms  of  Dianthus  plumosus  came 
from  Mr.  R.  Dean,  Ealing,  as  did  two  hybrids  of 
Chrysanthemum  coronarium. 

Groups. — That  of  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons,  Lang- 
port,  Somerset,  consisted  mainly  of  herbaceous 
PiBonies.  Delphiniums,  and  Gaillardias,  amongst  the 
former  Glory  of  Somerset,  a  large,  full  pink,  obtained 
a  certificate,  but  others  of  merit  were  nivalis,  a  white, 
with  thread-like  inner  petals ;  Empress  Queen, 
white  and  faint  rose,  and  Cabrera,  a  deep  purplish- 
crimson.  The  best  Delphininms  were  Charmont,  dark 
metallic  blue  ;  Britannia,  of  a  Gentian  blue,  with  white 
petals  at  the  centre;  Cleobula,  of  cccrulean  blue; 
Cherub,  single,pale  blue ;  Dromio,bright  blueand  white. 
In  Gaillardias  we  may  name  Vivian  Grey,  a  bright 
yellow,  single ;  Diana,  scarlet  and  yellow ;  Galopin, 
like  the  earlier  G.  Laurenziana.  A  boxful  of  Iris 
Kaempferi  were  likewise  shown.  (Bronze  Bjinksian 
Medal.)  JNIessrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt, 
showed  well  in  hardy  plants,  their  group  comprising 
Lilies,  several  fine  Delphiniums,  Geum  coccineum 
fl.-pl.,  a  number  of  excellent  varieties  of  herbaceous 
Pseonies,  Phlox  ovata.  Lychnis  viscaria  splendens 
plena,  Pentstemon  pubescens,  Orobus  lath)Toides, 
with  deep  blue  spikes  of  flowers;  Vilmorins  strain 
of  Poppies,  &c.  Rose  Lady  Alice,  H.P.,  tender 
pink  inner  petals,  and  outer  ones  white,  very  full, 
like  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam,  from  which  it  is  a 
sport,  came  from  this  nursery.  (Silver  Banksian 
Medal.)  Mr.  T.  Ware,  Tottenham,  had  by  far  the 
handsomest  gi'oup  of  hardy  flowers,  too  numerous 
in  varieties  for  us  to  do  more  tlian  dip  here 
and  there.  Heuchera  sauguinea  has  slender  flowers, 
on  long  footstalks,  scarlet — fine  for  clumps  or  as 
cut  blooms ;  Martagon  Lilies,  amongst  them 
L.  M.  album  ;  Primula  capitata  crispa,  a  round  com- 
pact truss,  of  the  darkest  blue  colour,  the  leaves 
laciniated  and  crisped  at  the  edge,  and  very  mealy 
beneath ;  Lathyrus  grandiflorus,  an  im})roved  Ever- 
lasting Pea :  Ornithogalum  aureum  lacteum,  many 
varieties  of  Gaillardia  picta  Diana — Seedling  No. 
2  and  Adonis  being  distinct  ones.  The  variety  of 
Lilium  pomponium  is  an  improvement  on  ,  the 
usual  form  seen  in  gardens,  the  flowers  being 
brighter  and  larger.  (Silver  Banksian  Medal.) 
The  group  of  hardy  plants  from  the  nursery 
of  Messrs.  Barr  &  Son  consisted  of  Pajonies, 
Spanish  Iris,  Iceland  Poppies,  Liliums  of  many 
kinds.  Ranunculus  flowers,  now  so  rarely  seen, 
Ornithogalum  hyacintha  lactea,  a  telling  flower  with 
long  erect  spikes  of  white  flowers,  &c.  (A  Bronze 
Medal.) 

FiEST-CLASs  Certificates. 

To  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  for  Heuchera  sanguinea. 

To  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P.,  for  Cypripedium 
superciliare. 

To  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  for  Rose  H.P.  "Lady 
Alice." 

To  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  for  Cattleya  labiata 
leucophliea. 

To  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  for  Aerides  expansum 
Leonis. 

To  Messrs.  .J.  Veitch  &  Son,  for  Syringa  japonica. 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Gaillardia  "  Vivian 
Grey." 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Pseony  "  Glory  of 
Somerset." 

To  Messrs,  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Delphinium 
"  Britannia." 

To  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  for  Delphinium 
"  Charmont," 

To  Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Son,  for  Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum,  semi-duplex. 

To  Mr.  H.  Bennett,  for  Rose  (Tea)  "  Cleopatra." 

CuLTDnAL  Commendation". 
To  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  Bart.,  M.P.,  for  a  group  of 
Orchids. 

To  Mr.  Ridout,  for  Miltonia  vexiU.aria  "  Regina." 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present:  H.  Veitch,  Esq.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  .J.  Lee,  .J.  Fitt,  J.  Woodbridge,  G.  T.  Miles, 
W.  Warren,  J.  Burnett,  G.  Norman,  W.  Paul,  ,1. 
Smith,  T,  .T.  Saltmarsh,  T.  B.  Haywood,  Harrison 
Weir,  P.  Crowley,  and  R.  D.  Blackmore. 


Mr.  John  Watkins,  Pomona  r.arm,  Withington, 
Herefordshire,  showed  twelve  varieties  of  Apples, 
season  18S6,  some  ol  them  in  fairly  good  condition 
as  regarded  appearance. 

Mr.  Clarke,  fruit  grower,  Twickenham,  received  a 
Cultural  Commendation  for  some  punnets  of  Straw- 
berry Pauline,  a  sightly  fruit  of  bright  crimson,  with 
the  seeds  not  prominent ;  it  is  not  too  handsome  in 
shape,  but  it  is  six  days  earlier  than  President, 
grown  out-of-doors,  as  these  were. 

Mr.  Goodacre,  gr.,  Eh'aston  Castle,  showed  Rock- 
ferry  Black  Hamburgh  ;  it  is  stated  to  be  fourteen 
days  earlier  than  the  ordinary  Il.amburgh,  makes 
well-shouldered  bunches,  as  had  the  one  shown,  and 
retains  its  colour  well  after  being  cut  and  stored  ; 
Lockington  Hall  Muscat  is  an  early  form  of  the 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  is  identical  with  it  iu 
colour,  form,  and  size  of  berry. 

Special  Prizes. 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.,  for  Melon  Blenheim  Orange  : 
—1st,  Mr.  T.  Lockie,  The  Gardens,  Oakley  Court, 
Windsor;  2nd,  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward.  The  Gardens, 
Longford  Castle,  Salisbury  ;  3rd,  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite, 
Glenhurst  Gardens,  Esher. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  for  best  brace  of  Melons : 
— 1st,  Mr.  .7.  H.  Goodacre,  Elvaston  Castle  Gardens, 
Derby;  2nd.  Mr.  C.  .1.  Waite;  3rd,  Mi.  T.  Lockie. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  for  Brace  of  Melons : — 1st, 
Mr.  .J.  H.  Goodacre  ;  2nd,  Mr.  T.  Lockie. 

None  of  the  Melons  could  be  called  first-class  as 
to  flavour,  and  some  seemed  scarcely  to  be  true  to 
name. 

Brace  of  Carter's  Model  Cucumber ; — 1st,  Mr.  T. 
Lockie ;  2nd,  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite  ;  3rd,  Mr.  G.  Collins, 
gr.  to  J.  A.  Rose,  Esq.,  Wandsworth  Common,  S.W. 
Capital  samples  every  one. 


THE    GARDENERS'    ROYAL    BENEVO- 
LENT INSTITUTION. 

The  forty-fourth  anniversary  festival  of  the  above 
Institution  was  held  at  the  "  Albion,"  Aldersgate 
Street,  on  Wednesday  last,  Bjiron  Ferdinand  de 
Rothschild,  M.P.,  in  the  chair.  After  the  usual  loyal 
toasts  had  been  duly  honoured,  the  Chairman  said  he 
had  to  propose  "  Success  and  Prosperity  to  the  Gar- 
deners' Royal  Benevolent  Institution."  and  said 
that  certainly  there  was  no  Institution  which  could 
appeal  more  fully  to  their  sympathy  and  support 
than  this.  From  time  immemorial  gardening  had 
been  the  object  and  occupation  of  the  human  race. 
Horticulture  and  gardening,  however,  could  not 
exist  without  gardeners.  It  was  not  right,  therefore, 
that  those  who  derived  gratification  from  their 
gardens,  should  forget  the  gardeners  to  whom 
they  owed  so  much.  The  majority  of  gardeners 
no  doubt  relied  and  depended  on  their  salaries, 
but  they  were  all  subject  to  the  ills  that  flesh 
is  heir  to,  and,  like  many  other  professional  men, 
gardeners  often  found  themselves,  owing  to  mis- 
fortune, in  dire  distress,  and  it  was  for  the 
benefit  of  those  who  had  assisted  so  much 
in  developing  the  pleasure  and  joys  of  their  lives 
that  they  were  met  there  to  afibrd  assistance  in  time 
of  need.  He  had  great  pleasure  in  announcing  that 
the  Institution  was  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Last 
year's  income  from  annual  subscriptions  amounted 
to  £1350.  There  was  not  a  single  class  of  Her 
Majesty's  subjects  which  had  not  received  some 
kindly  treatment  on  the  present  glorious  and  auspi- 
cious occasion,  and  the  gardeners  were  not  to  lie 
left  out  in  the  cold?  It  had  been  wisely  thought 
that  they  should  provide  a  .Jubilee  bonus  for  the 
unsuccessful  candidates  at  the  late  election  and  to 
all  the  pensioners.  They  wanted,  for  this  purpose, 
something  like  £1200,  and  although  they  had  got 
some  portion  of  this,  they  had  not  got  the  whole, 
but  he  hoped  during  the  evening  to  be  able  to 
announce  that  they  had  made  up  the  amount  neces- 
sary for  providing  this  .Jubilee  grant. 

After  some  general  remarks  on  the  progress  made 
by  the  Institution  from  its  commencement,  the 
Chairman  expressed  a  hope  that  the  liberality  of 
those  present  that  evening  would  enable  them  to 
extend  the  number  of  pensioners. 

Mr.  Harry  Veitch,  as  Treasurer  of  the  Institution 
begged  to  thank  the  subscribers  generally  for  the 
generous  way  in  which  they  had  supported  it  during 
the  past  year.  He  hoped  that  the  result  of  their 
liberal  contributious  that  evening  would  enable  them 
to  elect  the  eleven  applicants  whom  they  had  not 
been  able  to  elect  up  to  the  present.  It  should  not 
be  forgotten  that  nothing  was  paid  in  the  shape  of 
commission  on  the  money  collected,  which  was  so 


often  done  in  other  Institutions  of  the  kind  :  they 
had  no  payments  to  make  beyond  that  to  the 
Secretary. 

Sir  Robert  Peel  then  proposed  the  health  of  the 
Chairman,  thanking  him  especially  for  the  excellent 
speech  he  had  made  on  behalf  of  the  Institution. 

The  Secretary  announced  that  they  had  received 
subscriptions  amounting  to  £1450,  one  very  pleasing 
circumstance  being  that  £750  of  that  amount  had 
come  from  the  gardeners  themselves. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  among  those 
present : — John  Lee,  Father  of  the  Institution ; 
Harry  J.  Veitch,  Esq.,  Treasurer;  Sir  Robfrt  Peel, 
Bart.,  Christopher  Sykes,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Major  G. 
Lambert,  Prime  Warden,  Goldsmith's  Company ; 
Major  Russell  Gole,  Maxwell  T.  Masters,  Esq.,  M.D., 
Herbert  J.  Adams,  Esq.,  B.  S.  Williams,  Esq.,  Shirley 
Hibberd,  Esq.,  N.  N.  Sherwood,  Esq.,  The  Hon.  Mr. 
Leveen,  Sydney;  George  Anderson,  Esq.,  Sydney; 
J.  F.  Meston,  Esq.,  W.  J.  Nutting,  Esq.,  F.  G.  Ivey, 
Esq.,  -John  Laing,  Esq.,  W.  T.  Baker,  Esq.,  .John  R. 
Bourne,  Esq.,  Thomas  F.  Peacock,  Esq.,  Solicitor 
to  the  Institution  ;  William  Houghton,  Esq. ;  George 
Monro,  Esq.,  Arnold  Moss,  Esq.  (Wrench  &  Sons), 
George  Deal,  Esq.,  Arthur  Covell,  Esq.,  F.  W.  Foord, 
Esq.,  T.  A.  Dickson,  Esq,,  &c. 


ROYAL   OXFORDSHIRE   HORTICUL- 
TURAL. 

JoNE  21. — This  exhibition,  which  always  forms  a 
part  of  the  programme  of  the  Commemoration  Week 
at  Cxford,  was  held  in  the  beautiful  grounds  of  St. 
John's  College.  The  grounds  are  about  5  acres  in 
extent ;  they  have  some  fine  trees,  and  are  well 
adapted  for  a  site  of  a  horticultural  exhibition. 

Three  spacious  tents  were  required  to  take  the 
exhibits,  and  certain  prizes  were  open  to  all  England. 
These  included  nine  stove  and  gi-eenhouse  plants  in 
flower,  and  here  Mr.  .James  Cypher,  Cheltenham, 
added  one  more  triumph  to  his  already  long  list, 
jnitting  up  an  excellent  group,  consisting  of  Ixora 
Pilgrirai.  I.  Williamsi,  A]ihelexis  macrantha  pur- 
purea. Erica  tricolor  AVilsoni,  E.  depressa,  Clero- 
dendron  Balfourianum,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  and 
Anthurium  Scherzerianum  'Wardii.  2nd,  Mr.  H. 
James,  Castle  Nursery,  Lower  Norwood,  who  had  a 
magnificent  Erica  Cavendishiana,  E.  Massoni  major, 
Darwinia  fuchsioides,  Anthurium  Scherzerianum,  and 
Stephanotis  floribunda.  Mr.  W.  Chapman,  gr.  to 
J.  Spode,  Esq.,  Hawksyard  Park,  Rugeley,  set  up  a 
fine  gi'oup  of  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  in- 
cluding some  very  fine  Ericas,  not  for  competi- 
tion, to  which  an  extra  prize  was  awarded.  M"-. 
Cypher  had  the  best  six  Cape  Heaths — a  very 
good  lot.  Show  Pelargoniums  were  also  invited 
in  groups  of  twelve,  and  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal 
Nursery,  Slough,  put  up  a  fine  lot,  including 
striking  specimens  of  The  Baron,  Edward  Perkins, 
Confessor,  Amethyst,  finely  coloured ;  Mr.  .J.  Hayes, 
Gold  Mine,  Sister  of  Mercy,  Despot,  and  Comtesse 
de  Choisseul.  2nd,  the  Rev.  the  Warden  of  Wadham 
College,  with  a  very  creditable  lot.  Mr,  Turner  was 
the  only  exhibitor  of  twelve  fancy  Pelargoniums, 
having  some  charming  specimens  of  Queen  of  the 
Hellenes,  Ellen  Beck,  The  Shah,  Mrs.  Langtry, 
Nelly  Fordham,  Sims  Reeves,  &c. 

Mr.  George  Prince,  Market  Street,  Oxford, 
had  the  best  twenty-four  Roses  in  triplets,  staging 
delightful  flowers  of  Jean  Ducher,  Souvenir  de 
Therese,  Levet,  Rubens.  Anna  Olivier,  Lady  Mary 
Fitzwilliam,  Violette  Bruyere,  Perle  des  .Jardins, 
Francois  Kruger,  Alba  rosea,  Madame  de  Walter- 
ville,  Madame  Cusin,  and  Catherine  Mermet. 

The  best  three  pieces  for  table  decoration  came 
from  Mr.  .John  Matlock,  nurseryman,  Headington. 

The  Rev.  H.  A.  Pickard,  Avondale,  Canterbury 
Road,  had  the  best  hand  bouquet. 

Spechiieii  Plants. — In  the  classes  for  members,  the 
best  specimen  stove  plants  was  Bougainvillea  glabra, 
from  Mr.  Thomas  Arnall,  Headington  Hill  ;  a  good 
plant  of  Taberntcmontana  coron.aria  fl,-pl.,  but  with- 
out the  exhibitor's  name  attaclied.  The  best  speci- 
men greenhouse  plant  was  a  wonderfully  fine  plant 
of  Ivy-lcaved  Pelargonium  iNIadame  Crousse,  trained 
cone-shaped,  shown  by  Mr,  Matlock;  C.  D.  Ball, 
Esq.,  The  Limes,  Witney,  being  2nd.  with  an  excel- 
lent tuberous-rooted  Begonia.  Mr.  G.  Jacob,  Mill 
Lane  Nursery,  Witney,  had  the  best  specimen  stove 
plant,  staging  a  fine  piece  of  Encephalartos  villosus ; 
Mr.  Arnall  being  2nd,  witli  Latania  borbonica. 
Specimen  hardy  plants  were  also  well  shown  ;  Pyre- 
thrums,  Lilium  auratum,  and  Hydrangea  hortensis 
variegata  being  the  best  subjects. 

Miscellaneous  Flowerinr/  Plants. — These    included 


Jm-T  2,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


25 


Gloxinias,  Achimenes,  Calceolarias,  and  bedding 
Pelargoniums,  some  good  tricolor  varieties,  and  Ivy- 
leaved  types  being  well  shown.  Fuchsias  were  a 
good  feature ;  Mr.  John  Walker,  nurseryman,  Thame, 
wa«  1st,  with  six  well  grown  and  flowered  plants  ;  Mr. 
M.  Jefferies,  nurseryman,  Summerton,  being  a  good 
2nd.  They  were  shown  in  threes.  Tuberous-rooted 
Begonias  were  a  good  feature  also — Mr.  Richard 
Price,  Headington,  being  a  good  1st.  A  First-class 
Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
Koyal  Nursery,  Slough,  for  fancy  Pelargonium  Am- 
bassadress, shown  in  excellent  condition. 

Foliaged  Plants. — These  were  confined  to  Ferns, 
both  exotic  and  hardy,  and  while  both  were  in  good 
condition,  the  last-named  were  especially  fresh  and 
bright,  and  composed  of  good  species  and  varieties. 

Cut  Flowers. — The  interest  centered  greatly  in  tlie 
competition  for  the  Veitch  Memorial  Frizes  for 
twenty-four  Roses,  distinct  varieties.  The  medal 
and  the  handsome  1st  prize  were  won  by  Dr. 
Bywater  "Ward,  Warneford  Asylum,  with  a  nice, 
fresh,  bright  lot  of  flowers,  including  Devoniensis, 
Thomas  Mills,  Marguerite  Gibot,  La  France, 
Etoile  de  Lyon,  Madame  Bravy,  General  Jack, 
Charles  Lefebvre,  Innocenta  Pirola,  &c.  Mr.  Geo. 
Prince  ofl*ered  special  prizes  of  eighteen  distinct 
Tea  Roses  arranged  in  an  epergne,  and  here 
Miss  Watson  Taylor  was  1st.  Special  prizes  were 
also  ofi'ered  for  eighteen  hand  bouquets,  Mr.  Matlock 
being  1st.  Cut  flowers  in  bunches,  buttonholes, 
zonal  Pelargoniums,  Ranunculus,  Roses  in  smaller 
classes,  Pinks,  Pansies,  and  Pyrethrums,  and  various 
hardy  perennials  were  also  present. 

Fruit. — This  department  was  somewhat  limited  in 
quantity.  The  best  three  bunches  of  white  Grapes 
came  from  Mr,  G.  Parker,  The  Gardens,  Great  Tew, 
who  had  Duke  of  Buccleuch  ;  C.  W.  Harcourt,  Esq., 
Nuneham  Park,  being  2nd,  with  Foster's  Seedling. 
Mr.  Parker  had  the  best  three  bunches  of  black 
Grapes,  having  good  Black  Hamburgh  ;  E.  W.  Har- 
court, Esq.,  being  2nd,  with  the  same.  The  best 
Peaches  were  Royal  George  and  Grosse  Mignonne  ; 
the  best  Nectarines,  Stanwick  Elruge  and  Newing- 
ton  ;  good  British  Queen,  and  Sir  J.  Paxton  Straw- 
berries were  also  shown.  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons' 
special  prizes  for  the  best  fruit  of  a  Melon  sent  out 
by  them  resulted  in  Mr.  Robins,  gr.  to  E.  D.  Lee, 
Esq.,  Hartnell  Park,  Aylesbury,  being  placed  1st, 
with  Invincible,  scarlet-flesh  ;  Mr.  J.  Gough,  gr.  to 
Sir  W.  Throckmorton,  Buckland  Park,  Faringdon, 
being  2nd,  with  Hero  of  Lockinge. 

I'egetabhs. — These  were  numerously  shown,  and  in 
fairly  good  condition.  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Son's 
special  prizes  for  a  brace  of  their  Cucumbers  brought 
five  competitors  ;  F.  Rymer  Hall,  Esq..  Summerhill 
Villa,  Oxford,  being  1st,  with  Puriey  Park ;  Mr.  G. 
Pearce,  gr.  to  C.  A.  Hanlev,  Esq.,  The  Mount, 
Oxford,  being  2nd,  with  Improved  Telegraph. 
Messrs.  Webb  &  Son,  seed  merchants,  Stourbridge, 
also  ofi'ered  special  prizes  for  the  best  six  dishes  of 
vegetables,  and  their  prizes  were  well  competed  for. 
Mr.  H.  Wingrove,  gr.  to  R.  N.  Byass,  Esq.,  Rousham 
Park,  Oxford,  was  1st.  Messrs.  W.  Wood  &  Son, 
Wood  Green,  and  W.  Colchester,  Ipswich,  ofi'ered 
special  prizes  for  subjects  grown  by  their  manures. 


RICHMOND   HOBTICULTUBAL. 

June  29. — The  annual  summer  exhibition  of  this 
popular  suburban  Society  was  held  in  the  old  Deer 
Park  in  delightful  weather,  the  strong  force  of  the 
sun  being  toned  by  thin  clouds.  In  spite  of  this 
fact,  however,  and  the  attractions  of  a  good  show 
with  plenty  ot  music,  the  attendance  was  hardly  up 
to  the  average,  the  Jubilee  rejoicings  of  the  previous 
week  having  to  some  extent  anticipated  the  Society's 
attractions.  A  splendid  collection  of  hardy  orna- 
mental foliage  trees  and  shrubs  came  from  Messrs. 
C.  Lee  &  Sons,  Hammersmith  ;  a  nice  gi'oup  of  plants 
from  Messrs.  Jackson  &  Son,  Kingston,  including 
numerous  capital  Ericas ;  a  group  of  Messrs.  Laing 
&  Son's  grand  Begonias,  single  and  double,  inter- 
mixed with  good  foliaged  plants  ;  also  a  brilliant 
collection  of  Orchids  sent  by  Mr.  H.  Little,  of  St. 
Margarets,  full  of  grace  and  beauty.  Of  competitive 
groups,  the  best,  covering  100  feet,  came  from  Messrs. 
Hooper  &  Co.,  Twickenham,  Mr.  A.  Brown,  of  Rich- 
mond, and  Mr.  James,  of  Norwood.  These  were  all 
good,  the  first-named  one  exceptionally  so,  being  in 
Mr.  Bruckhaus'  best  style.  It  also  received  one  of 
the  special  Jubilee  Medals.  A  large  number  of  other 
groups  were  also  shown,  of  the  usual  type. 

Orchids  in  competition  were  unusually  fine,  Mr, 
H.  Little  coming  1st  with  a  big  tub  of  Cattleya 
Mendelii,  and  a  good   plant   of   C.   Sanderi  ;    also 


Lselia  purpurata,  Miltonia  vexillaria,  a  big  pan  of 
Cypripedium  barbatum  grandiflorum,  and  Cattleya 
imbricata,  a  by  no  means  striking  form  ;  this  col- 
lection also  received  a  Jubilee  Medal.  Mr.  H. 
James  was  2nd,  having  Cattleya  Mendelii,  Brassia 
verrucosa,  Epidendrum  bellinum  majus,  &c.,  all 
good  pieces. 

Stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  flower  were  not 
good,  the  best  six,  in  the  estimation  of  the  judges — 
presumably,  because  including  a  veritable  giant  of  an 
Erica  Cavendishii,  some  6  feet  through — came  from 
Mr.  James,  but  his  other  plants  were  not  strong. 
Messrs.  Jackson  &  Son  had  six  nice  even  plants, 
including  Pimelea  diosmaifolia,  Darwinia  fuch- 
sioides,  the  pretty  Boronia  elatior,  &c. ;  and  in 
another  class,  Mr.  Bates,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Meek, 
Poulett  Lodge,  Twickenham,  was  an  easy  1st, 
with  six  plants,  including  good  AUamanda 
Hendersonii,  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  Den- 
drobium  uobile,  BougainviUea  glabra,  &c.  This 
collection  also  obtained  a  Jubilee  Medal.  The  best 
specimen  plant  was  a  big  Darwinia  fuchsioides  from 
Mr.  James ;  a  small  Erica  Cavendishii  and  a  gigantic 
white  Marguerite,  grandly  flowered,  coming  2nd  and 
3rd.  Ornamental  foliage-plants.  Ferns,  Palms, 
Coleus,  &c.,  were  so  strong  in  numbers  as  to  be  the 
weak  point  of  the  show  :  they  were  repeated  ad 
nauseam,  no  one  caring  for  them ;  we  dismiss  them 
as  curtlv.  On  the  other  hand.  Pelargoniums  were 
in  unusually  fine  form,  the  six  shows  from  Mr. 
Turner,  of  Slough,  maintaining  the  old  Slough 
traditions,  the  plants  being  some  3  feet  through, 
grandly  flowered,  and  the  blooms  showing  all  that 
beautiful  finish  whicli  Slough  is  so  famous  for. 
The  kinds  were — Emperor,  Prince  Leopold,  Sister 
of  Mercy,  Gold  Mine,  Incomparable,  and  Lady 
of  the  Lake.  Mr.  Little  came  2nd,  with 
even  more  profusely  bloomed  plants,  but  lacking 
quality  ;  two  of  these  were  seedlings,  with  Dorothy 
Shackle,  Lady  Isabel,  Triomphe  de  St.  Maude, 
Comtesse  de  Choiseul,  and  Dr.  Diamond.  In  the 
fincy  class,  Mr.  Little  took  1st  place,  with  good-sized 
plants,  profusely  bloomed  ;  Mr.  Turner  coming  next 
with  smaller  but  more  perfect  plants,  and  showing 
better  quality  of  flower. 

Zonal  Pelargoniums  were  also  in  strong  force,  Mr. 
Little  having  the  best  six  plants.  In  another  class 
the  same  exhibitor  was  1st  for  a  gsoup  of  show 
Pelargoniums  in  small  pots,  making  a  gay  collection. 
Fuchsias  were  of  moderate  quality,  and  far  below 
the  usual  Richmond  standard. 

The  best  si.x  Begonias  came  from  Mr.  Little — 
reallv  first-class  specimens ;  and  Mr.  Waite,  gr.  to 
the  Hon.  Colonel  Talbot,  Esher,  had  it  all  his  own 
way  in  two  classes  for  nine  Gloxinias,  having  superb 
plants,  finely  flowered,  and  of  good  quality. 

Cut  fiowers  were  in  strong  force,  fine  collections  of 
hardy  flowers  coming  from  Messrs.  Collins  &  Gabriel. 
Capital  Roses  from  Messrs.  Lee  &  Sons,  and  from 
Mr.  H.  Bennett,  of  Shepperton,  the  latter  having 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam  in  grand  form,  and  good 
flowers  of  Princess  Beatrice,  W.  F.  Bennett,  &c.  Mr. 
W.  Taylor,  of  Hampton,  also  showed  cut  Roses.  In 
the  competitive  classes  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son, 
Cheshunt,  were  1st  in  the  class  for  thirty  trebles, 
being  closelv  run  by  Mr.  Turner,  all  the  flowers 
being  fresh'  and  pleasing.  Amongst  them  were 
Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Alphonse  Soupert,  Fran- 
<;ois  Levet,  Dr.  Andry,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Sunset, 
Madame  Lacharme,  Marie  Kady,  Captain  Christy, 
Violette  Bowyer,  Marie  Baum.ann,  &c.  In  the  open 
class  for  twenty-four  trebles  these  competitors  occu- 
pied the  same  position,  although  we  tliought  the 
places  should  have  been  reversed.  Here  again 
the  flowers  were  fresh  and  very  beautiful.  In  the 
amateurs'  class  Mr.  T.  N.  Girdlestone,  Sunningdale, 
and  Mr.  R.  West,  Reigate,  had  the  best  boxes.  Local 
flowers  were  shown  largely,  but  call  for  no  remark. 
Bouquets  were  good,  Mrs.  11.  B.  Smith,  of  Ealing, 
showing  some  in  mauve  and  bro\VTi  and  scarlet  and 
brown,  with  other  curious  combinations.  Mr.  Chard, 
of  Stoke  Newington,  and  Mr.  Perkins,  of  Coventry, 
had  the  best  bouquets  in  one  class ;  and  in  another, 
with  their  positions  reversed,  had  the  best  again. 
Table  decorations  were  of  the  usual  order,  a  few 
stands  being  good,  many  indifferent,  and  some  set 
tables  for  ten  persons  were  by  no  means  worth  the 
good  prizes  ofi'ered. 

Fruit  was  generally  excellent,  the  best  six  dishes 
coming  from  Mr.  Cakebread,  gr.  to  Sir  P.  Rose, 
Penn,  who  had  white  and  black  Grapes,  and  superb 
Peaches,  Nectarines,  &c.  The  best  three  bunches 
of  black  Grapes  — really  superb  Black  Hamburghs — 
came  from  Mr.  Osman,  Ottershaw  Gardens.  Chertsey, 
who  also  had  the  best  whites  in  Buckland  Sweetwater. 
In  other  classes  Mr.  Bates  had  the  best  blacks  with 


neat  Alicante,  and  of  whites  good  Foster's  Seedlings. 
Other  fruits  were  excellent,  and  from  Mr.  Rivers, 
Sawbridgeworth,  came  a  beautiful  collection  of 
twenty  dishes  of  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Cherries,  &c., 
worthy  of  all  admiration.  Mr.  Waite  had  the  best 
Tomatos  in  Sutton's  Perfection,  and  his  1st  prize 
coUectionsof  vegetables— twelve,  eight,  and  six  dishes 
respectively — the  two  latter  for  prizes  offered  by 
Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  and  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons, 
were  truly  first-rate,  and  commanded  the  warmest 
praise. 

AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  ANB   INDUS- 
TRIAL SOCIETY,  KANDY. 

The  exhibition  of  this  Society  was  held  on  May 
6  and  7,  in  a  large  and  spacious  building  erected  upon 
the  esplanade,  and  reflected  great  credit  on  the  de- 
signer. Major  Byrde.  His  Excellency  the  Governor 
and  Lady  Gordon,  with  aides-de-camp,  did  not  come 
until  the  second  day,  when  they  were  conducted  by 
the  Hon.  W.  E.  Sharp,  Dr.  Trimen,  and  other  mem- 
bers of  the  committee  through  the  exhibition,  and  at 
4.30  P.M.  Lady  Gordon  gave  away  the  prizes—gold, 
silver,  and  bronze  medals— to  the  successful  exhibitors. 

Garden  perennials,  in  pots,  were  fairly  repre- 
sented, with  some  fine  exhibits  from  one  of  our  best 
growers,  Mr.  J.  "V.  H.  Owen,  who  brought  nothing  but 
perfect  plants,  showing  Gloxinias,  Pelargoniums, 
Fuchsias,  and  Lilium  auratum.  Mrs.  Baker  and  Mr. 
Thwaites,  Newera  EUiya,  tabled  several  choice  plants, 
and  the  large  collections  of  Begonias  sent  by  Messrs. 
Pate  and  Jonklaas,  added  much  to  this  class. 

Garden  annuals  were  mostly  poorly  represented, 
with  the  exception  of  some  good  plants  of  Violets 
and  Cinerarias,  from  Mrs.  Baker,  Messrs.  Whyte,  &c. 

Ferns.— In  an  island  with  such  a  heavy  r.ainfall 
and  plenteous  dews,  it  cannot  be  a  surprise  that  Ferns, 
luxuriate  in  their  full  verdure,  and  the  plants  ex- 
hibited were  splendid,  witli  many  grand  and  r.are 
varieties.  The  chief  awards  were  honestly  carried 
oir  by  Mr.  Pate,  Colombo,  and  a  fine  young  lot 
of  Adiantums  were  shown  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Lewis, 
which  will  in  another  year  be  hard  to  equal. 

Cut  Flowers  were  splendidly  shown  and  in  fine 
variety,  the  Roses  from  Mr.  Tabor  and  Mr.  Hadden 
were  lovely,  also  the  exhibits  from  Mrs.  Baker,  Mr. 
Thwaites,  and  Dr.  Livera.  Mr.  Owen  was  in  the 
front  rank  with  a  good  collection  grown  from 
"  Carter's  seeds  "  ;  and  Mr.  Huxley  fully  represented 
due  justice  to  Cannell  &  Sons'  choice  flowers.  Bou- 
quets were  fine  and  largely  exhibited.  Two  fine 
boxes  of  splendid  flowers  were  sent,  for  exhibition 
only,  by  Mr.  Nock,  Hakgalda,  and  would  have  done 
credit  to  the  grower  in  London  or  Edinburgh. 

Vegctahles. — There  are  few  places  in  the  East 
can  i-ival  this  little  island  for  vegetables,  but  the 
display  on  this  occasion  was  anything  but  creditable 
as  regards  the  entries.  Mr.  Knight,  Messrs.  Whyte 
and  Young  had  collections  of  good  marketable  stuft". 

Fruit. — Owing  to  pilfering  on  the  railway  Mr. 
Cotton's  fine  fruit  was  never  seen,  which  was 
much  to  be  regretted,  for  his  Apples,  Plums,  and 
Peaches.  &c.,  are  a  great  feature  in  showing  off  this 
class.     The  entries  for  native  fruits  was  fairly  good. 

Preserved  Fruits,  cj'c.— It  is  the  first  time  this  class 
was  placed  in  the  catalogue,  and  it  will  require 
some  time  before  the  slow  oriental  intellect  becomes 
educated  to  the  preserving  process. 

Natioe  Products  were  numerously  entered,  and 
some  fine  collections  of  Paddy  and  other  small  gi-ains, 
with  fine  Areca-nuts  and  Cocoa-nuts. 

Estate  Products. — It  was  much  to  be  regretted  that 
one  of  the  most  important  classes  should  have  been 
represented  by  only  a  few  miserable  samples  of  our 
great  world-famed  products.  Still,  there  are  reasons 
for  the  lack  of  competitors,  owing  to  some  difi'erence 
of  opinion  with  regard  to  the  postponement  of  the  ex- 
hibition. Cardamoms  were  a  good  competition,  also 
some  fine  Cinchona  barks.  It  was  very  gratifying 
to  find  that  Mr.  Barber's  Teas  still  hold  their  own 
again,  and  were  honoured  with  the  Gold  Medal. 
Vanilla,  indiarubber,  cinnamon,  tobacco,  cigars,  and 
very  fine  samples  of  Annatto  dye,  were  exhibited. 
Tea  machinery  was  confined  to  three  exhibits,  the 
principal  set  being  Jackson's  machines.  A  new  tea 
grader  was  shown  for  the  first  time  by  Captain 
Williams.  Some  fine  cattle  added  an  interesting 
part  to  the  show,  and  the  Kandian  villager  with  his 
bufialo  oiled  up  for  the  occasion  afibrded  consider- 
able amusement.  A  few  good  pens  of  poultry,  and 
the  wild  animals  exhibited  by  Mr.  Waller,  were  great 
attractions. 

Arts,  4-c. — This  class  was  adorned  with  many  fine 
articles  of  splendid  taste  and  workmanship,  the  gold 
and  silver  work  being  highly  patronised  by  visitors. 


26 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  %  1887. 


The  brass,  ivory,  wood,  and  pottery  representing 
many  quaint  patterns.  The  silver  salver  lent  bj  His 
Excellency  the  Governor,  and  made  by  an  ordinary 
village  silversmith,  is  beautiful  and  clear  in  design. 
One  of  the  special  features  connected  with  the 
exhibition  falls  to  the  artistic  and  graceful  native 
decorations,  which  could  not  but  please  the  eye  of 
the  most  fastidious.  J.  A. 

[The  schedule  of  the  show  forwarded  by  our  cor- 
respondent was  full  of  items  of  interest,  and  showed 
well  how  Englishmen  transplant  their  home  ideas 
and  English  plants  into  distant  lands.  Prizes 
are  given — we  suppose  in  some  instances  for  senti- 
mental reasons — to  plants  which  would  seem  ill- 
adapted  to  so  warm  a  climate  as  that  of  Ceylon.  We 
noted  Daisies,  Pansies,  and  Violets  amongst  cut 
flowers,  and  many  kinds  of  vegetables  that  are 
common  at  home.  We  strongly  counsel  the  managers 
to  develope  the  local  resources  of  the  country,  and 
not  try  and  raise  bad  imitations  of  European  flowers. 
Ed.] 


MEAN  TEMPERATrKE  OBSER\'ED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
ING THE  n'EEK  ENDING  JULY  9.  (AVERAGE 
OF  FORTY-THREE  YEARS.) 


The  Weather. 


[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  .32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
deprees — a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperature. 

Above  or 

Accumulated. 

below  the 

u 

Jwt-s      Ujt-s 

Mean  for 

^M 

S  c^  aj^ 

the    week 

%,* 

•o,* 

ending 

:;^ 

i! 

June  27. 

si 

ove  42 

mMea 

4. 

ow  42 

4, 

■<£      mi 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day-  1  Day- 

ducing  Districts. 

dog. 

rteg. 

deg.     deg. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

2  above 

96 

0 

-f  IBoU    37 

I.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

3  above 

118 

0 

-1-  165  U-     41 

2.  England,  N.E.... 

1  below 

100 

0 

■^    28 -1-    82 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

1  below 

97 

0 

—    78  -f  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

0  (aver.) 

123 

0 

—    30l-f  166 

5.  England.  S. 

2  below 

112 

0 

-  n\+  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.   ... 

o  above 

133 

0 

-1-    97-1-    47 

7.  England.N.W.... 

3  above 

130 

0 

-1-     li:-l-  118 

8.  England,  S.W. ... 

2  above 

130 

0 

+       a^+  172 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

5  above 

IJfi 

0 

-1-  176' -f-    23 

10.  Ireland.  S.       ... 

6  above 

138 

0 

(-  142  +    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

1  below 

115 

0 

-    83+    77 

Bright 

SlTNbHINE. 

^ 

« 

DlBTSIOTa. 

a^- 

.2^ 

hi 

^gi 

i2^' 

mI 

"*(=»  i 

z 

r 

S|l 

|i| 

Pn 

ncipal    Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Tenths   of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0 

Scotland,  N.    ... 

6  less 

101 

18.0 

.■■9 

25 

1. 

Scotland,  E.    ... 

7  less 

74 

8.9 

59 

34 

2. 

England,  N.E.  ... 

6  less 

70 

6.5 

47 

33 

3. 

England.  E.     ... 

6  less 

67 

7.3 

43 

38 

4. 

Midland  Cos.  ... 

6  less 

65 

8.0 

61 

34 

6. 

England,  S. 

5  less 

64 

8.1 

52 

37 

Pr 

Bcipal  Grazing,  &c.. 
Districts. 

8. 

Scotland,  W.  ... 

6  less 

79 

15,6 

69 

36 

7. 

ENGLAia),N.W.... 

6  less 

64 

9.9 

72 

37 

8 

England,  S.W.... 

7  less 

67 

9.0 

72 

45 

9 

Ireland,  N. 

7  less 

74 

11.4 

79 

37 

10 

Ireland,  S. 

6  less 

65 

10.9 

80 

44 

- 

Channel  Islands 

5  less 

76 

8.3 

61 

49 

Mean  for  the  week 


THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  June  27,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  urallier  lias  continued  fine  and  dry  in  all 
parts  of  the  kingdom.  Over  all  the  more  western 
districts  the  sky  was  brilliantly  clear,  but  over  the 
eastern  counties  of  England  rather  more  cloudy  con- 
ditions prevailed. 

"  The  temperature  has  again  been  above  the  mean 
over  Scotland,  and  in  all  the  'Grazing'  districts,  but 
in  the  eastern,  central,  and  southern  districts  of 
England,  it  has  been  either  just  equal  to,  or 
a  few  degrees  below,  the  normal  value  for  the 
time  of  year.  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which 
were  recorded  on  somewhat  irregular  dates,  varied 
from  69°  in  the  'Channel  Islands,'  to  80°  in 
England,  N.W,,'  86°  jn  the  'Hfidland  Counties,' 
and  '  Ireland,  N.,'  88°  in  '  Scotland,  E.,'  and  92° 
in  '  Ireland,  S.,  (at  Kilkenny).  On  the  south 
and  south-eastern  coasts  of  England  the  maxima 
were  generally  low,  the  values  on  some  days 
being  no  higher  than  65°  to  58°.  The  ab- 
solute minima,  which  were  recorded  at  most 
stations  either  on  the  21st  or  27th,  were  low  for  the 
season,  the  readings  ranging  from  34°  in  '  England, 
N.W.,  to  43°  in  'England,  S.W.,'  and  45°  in  the 
'  Channel  Islands.'  During  the  early  morning  of  the 
27th,  the  thermometer  on  the  grass  fell  to  below 
freezing  point  at  some  of  tho  southern  stations. 

"  Rainfall  has  again  been  entirely  absent  from 
England  and  Ireland,  and  extremely  slight  in 
Scotland. 

"  Bright  sunshine  shows  a  decrease  from  that  of  last 
week  over  the  greater  part  of  England,  and  an  increase 
in  Ireland  and  Scotland.  The  percentage  of  the 
possible  amount  of  duration  was  still  very  high 
generally,  ranging  from  79  to  80  in  Ireland,  and 
from  59  to  69  in  Scotland,  while  over  England  it 
ranged  from  43  (in  '  England,  E,'),  to  72  (in  '  England, 
N.'W.  and  S.W.')." 


SAMUEL  SPALDING.— We  dic-|)ly  regret  to  have 
to  announce  the  sudden  death,  from  heart  disease,  of 
Mr.  SiMtraL  Spalding,  the  senior  partner  in  the 
firm  of  Messrs.  Spalding  &  Hodge,  which  occurred 
at  Adelaide,  on  Sunday,  the  19th  ult. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


%*  Correspondents  will  greatly  oblifre  by  sending 
early  intelligence  of  local  events  likely  to  be  of 
interest  to  our  readers,  or  which  it  is  desirable  to 
bring  under  the  notice  of  horticulturists. 

Intelligent  Readers,  do  please  Note  that  letters 
relating  to  Ad\t:rtisements.  or  to  the  supply  of 
the  Paper,  should  he  addressed  to  the  Purlisher, 
and  that  all  communications  intended  for  publica- 
tion, as  well  as  specimens  and  plants  for  naming, 
should  be  addressed  to  the  Editor.  Such  com- 
munications should  be  written  on  one  side  only 
of  the  paper,  and  sent  as  early  in  the  week  as  pos- 
sible. Correspondents  sending  newspapers  should 
be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs  they  wish  the 
Editor  to  see. 

Begonia  Leaves  Disfigured:  J.  1  .C.  The  leaves 
were  greatly  infested  with  white  thrips,  and  per- 
haps red-spider ;  syringing  with  tobacco-water 
diluted  with  water  will  rid  the  foliage  of  the 
insects. 

Book  on  Orchids  :  H.  C.  The  cheapest,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  best  at  the  price,  is  The  Orchid 
Manual,  by  B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria  Nurseries, 
Upper  Holloway,  London,  N. 

Green   Gooseberries  :     .V.     No    special  varietv    is 


grown  for  this  purpose.  Crown  Bob  is  one  of  the 
best;  varieties  with  upright  habit  of  gi'owth  are 
preferred.  A  new  sort,  as  we  learn  Irom  Mr. 
Bunyard,  of  Maidstone,  being  ten  days  earlier  than 
the  older  sorts,  realised  for  the  proprietor  at  the 
rate  of  no  less  than  £30()  an  acre.  Industry  is 
another  most  prolific  kind. 
Insects  :  H.  G.  M.  The  tops  of  your  early  Potatos 
are  attacked  by  a  small  caterpillar,  which  is  so 
shrivelled  up  and  dried  that  we  cannot  satisfac- 
torily determine  what  it  is.  It  looks  like  the  very 
young  larva  of  one  of  tlie  small  long-horned 
beetles,  with  which  it  also  agrees  in  making  bur- 
rows down  the  stems  of  the  plant.  Please  send 
other  living  specimens  to  Frof.  Westwood,  Oxford. 
/.  0.  W. 

Larel  Rest:  Storrie  ^  Storrie.  A  useful  little  in- 
vention, but  which  should  be  made  of  stronger 
wire  for  larger  labels. 

Names  of  Plants:  As  the  identification  of  plants 
often  demands  time  which  cannot  be  spared  from 
other  duties,  correspondents  whose  plants  are  not 
named  in  the  current  number  are  requested  to 
consult  the  one  next  following. — H.  Syringa  Josi- 
kea. — J.  Jtmes.  Dendrobium  heterocarpum  philip- 
pense  :  a  very  good  variety  of  it. — E.  H.  I,  Pyrus 
aria  var. ;  2,  P.  aria  var.  gneca ;  3,  P.  aria  var.  Jatifolia; 
4,  Crat^gus  (must  have  flowers  or  fniit) ;  .5,  Cn- 
pressusmacrocarpa;  6,  Raphiolepis  ovata. — Rejmh- 
lican.  Stanhopea  tigrina ;  also,  1,  Trifolium  incar- 
natum  ;  2,  Lotus  corniculatus  ;  3.  Solanum  dulca- 
mara.— C.  W.  Strickland.  I,  Scilla  nutans;  2, 
Hyacinthus  dubius,  and  Spirica  bella. — H.  M.  V. 
Pyrus  terminalis  (the  wild  Service  Tree,  or 
Swallow  Pear. —  IF.  Earley.  1.  Scutellaria  hastata; 
2,  Aristolochia  clematitis ;  3,  A.  rotunda;  4, 
Serapias  lingua;  5,  Orchis  laxiflora. — /.  K.  1, 
Habenaria  chlorantha  ;  2,  Orchis  apifera  ;  3, 
Orchis  conop.sca;  4,  Aira  caespitosa.  Pray  do  not 
dig  up  any  more  roots  ;  it  is  too  bad  of  you. — Miss 
Owen.  Allium  subhirsutum  and  Geranium  arme- 
num. — Camd,en.  Tamarix  gallica,  excellent  for 
seaside  planting. —  G.  L.  C.  1,  Tradescantia  vir- 
ginica;  2,  Dianthus  cresius ;  3,  Geranium  sangni- 
neum ;  4.  Lychnis  Flos  Jovis;  5,  Centranthus 
ruber. — Miss  D.  The  seed-bearing  catkins  of  a 
Poplar,  probably  the  Canada  Poplar. — J.  }V.  S.  <f 
Co.  1.  Oncidium  incurvum  ;  2,  cannot  be  recog- 
nised, specimen  too  poor  ;  3,  Maxillana  tenuifolia; 
4,  M.  densa. —  Westfield.  Masdevallia  Harryana. — 
R.  M.  Dendrobium  moschatum. — J.  Earl.  1  and 
2,  varieties  of  Oncidium  varicosum  ;  3,  Oncidium 
raniferum  ;  4,  Epidendrum  variegatum  ;  5,  Colax 
viridis ;  6,  Scuticaria  Hadweni.  —  J.  D.  Akebia 
quinata. —  W?n.  Cox.  Periploca  graica  (climber), 
Astrantia  major. 
Peach  Splitting  :  Old  Subscriber.  This  is  usually 
caused  by  exuberant  growth,  whereby  the  kernel 
swells,  cracking  the  stone,  whicli  in  turn  causes  a 
rupture  of  the  flesh.  Avoiding  excessive  moisture 
at  the  root,  about  the  stoning  period,  and  lifting 
the  trees,  afterwards  planting  near  the  surface  of 
the  soil,  will  usually  effect  a  cure. 
Single    Pyrethrums  :    JV.    Caudwell.      Bright    and 

showy  varieties. 
Small  Green  Caterpillar  :  J.  W.  Killing  cater- 
pillars is  about  as  thankless  a  task  as  killing  flies, 
but  you  can  do  much  good  by  searching  for  the 
colonies  of  eggs  on  the  under-side  of  Cabbage  and 
other  leaves,  when  thousands  may  be  destroyed  by 
squeezing  them  between  the  finger  and  thumb. 
Powdered  quicklime  and  soot,  applied  in  the  even- 
ing, may  kill  the  small  caterpillars,  and  make 
herbage  distasteful  to  all. 

Traps  for  Woodlice  :  C.  H.  Small  pots,  or  pieces 
of  drain-pipe,  filled  with  hay,  to  be  emptied  daily. 

Tomato  Bloom  fFALLiNG  off  :  J.  Trinder.  Send 
specimen  of  bloom,  and  shoots  to  show  growth, 
together  with  particulars  of  cultivation  followed. 

Trof^olum  :  H.  Cannell.  Yes  ;  your  blooms  of 
double  Tropajolum  of  a  deep  brownish -red  are 
novel,  striking,  and  very  good  of  their  kind. 

Yellow  Azaleas:  W.  The  finest  we  have  seen  this 
season  is  decidedly  Nancy  Waterer.  The  flowers 
are  large,  of  good  substance,  clear  colour,  and 
delicious  fragrance. 


CATALOGUES    RECEIVED. 

G.  VAN  TuBERGEN,  Jr..  Zwanenburg,  Haarlem, 
Holland — Flowering  Roots  (Wholesale  Cata- 
logue"). 


Jtot  2,  im.] 


TEE    GARDENEBS'     CNRONIGLE. 


27 


Otto  Mann,  Leipzig,  Germany — Bulbs  and  Tuberous 
Plants  (Wholesale  List). 


Communications  Received.— W. .t.  m.— k.  W.  Adlam,  Natal, 
with  photographs.— Storie&Storie.—W.  K.—H.E.— Messrs. 
Oakshott  &  Miller.— Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons.— A.  D.  W.— 
R.  D.— L.  A.  L.— E.  Shooner.- G.  A,  Walker.— C.  Wilson.— 
H.  E.— E.  P.— H.  R. :  in  this  ease,  where  no  principle  is 
involved,  the  law  of  general,  not  national,  convenience 
comes  into  play,— J.  C.  S.— J.  V.  V.— J.  Z.—3.  V.  V.— J.  V. 
&.  Sons.— T.  A.— H.  C— W.  T— J,  C— W.  F.,  Jamaica.— 
A.  R.,  next  week. 


DIED,  on  the  23rd  ult.,  at  Longham  Hall,  Nor- 
folk, Anne,  widow  of  John  Sutton  Hastings,  Esq., 
and  sister  of  the  late  Dr.  Lindley,  in  her  eighty- 
seventh  year.     Tasmanian  papers,  please  copy. 

On  the  23rd  ult.,  at  Rue  Sablee  6,  Rouen, 

Madame  John  Wood,  iiie  Isabelle  Duncan,  widow 
of  the  late  -John  Wood,  nurseryman,  of  that  town, 
aged  eighty-one. 


Markets. 


COJ'Eyr  GARDEN,  June  30. 

We  cannot  accept  aiiy  editorial  responsibility  for  the  subjoined 
reports,  which,  however,  are  furnished  to  us  reguhirly 
every  Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal 
salesmen,  who  revise  the  list,  and  who  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
represent  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our 
report.  The  prices  depend  upon  the  quality  of  the  samples, 
the  supply  in  the  market,  and  they  fluctuate,  not  only 
from  day  to  day,  but  often  several  times  in  one  day.  and 
therefore  the  prices  quoted  as  averages  for  the  past  week 
must  not  be  taken  aa  indicating  the  particular  prices  at 
any  particular  date,  and  stilt  less  can  they  be  taken  as 
guides  to  the  prices  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Heavy  supplies  of  outdoor  Strawberries  to  hand 
this  week,  considerably  atfecting  values  of  hothouse 
goods,  especially  Grapes,  which  are  reaching  us  far 
in  excess  of  the  demand,  and  are  only  cleared  in 
buyers'  favour.  Trade  brisk.  James  Webber,  Whole- 
sale Apple  Market. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz. 
Calceolaria,  duzen  ... 
Cinerarias,  per  doz... 
Cyperus.  per  dozen  . 
Dracaena  terminal  is, 

per  dozen '. 

—  viridis,  per  doz 


Ericj 


KuonjTnus,  in    var., 
per  dozen 

per  dozen 

Ferns,  invariety,  per 

Ficus  elastica,  each  . 
Foliage  plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  doz. 


»  0-18  0  !  Heliotrope,  dozen  ...  4  0-08 
10-90!  Hydrangeas,  dox.  ...  9  0-12  0 
i  0-  9  0  I  Lilium  longiflorum, 

\  0-12  0  I      per  dozen 24  0-36  0 

Lobelias,  dozen      ..,4  0-6  0 
)  0-60  0    Marguerite      Daisy, 

t  0-24  0  I      per  dozen 6  0-12  0 

I  Mignonette,  doz.    ...  6  0-90 

;  0-30  0  I  Musk,  per  dozen    ...  3  0-  6  0 

I  Myrtles,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  0 

6  0-18  0  I  Palms,  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  0 

j  Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-15  0 

6  0-24  0  ]    —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

I    —  Ivv-leaved,   doz.  4  0-60 

4  0-18  0  !  Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-90 

1  6-  7  0  I  Roses,    various,     per 

dozen         18  0-30  0 

2  0-10  0  Scented  Verbena. doz.  4  0-60 
4  0-12  0  I  Spiraa,  per  dozen  ...  9  0-12  0 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesa: 


I  Prices. 


Abutilons,  12  bun  ...  ; 
Anemone,  12  bun.  ...  ; 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  ^ 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  ( 
Carnations,  12  blms.  ( 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  : 
Day  Lily,  12  bun.  ...  - 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  '■. 
Gardenias.  12  blooms  ] 
Heliotropes,  12  spr.  ( 
Iris,  various,  12  bun,  t 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  ( 
Lilac,  12  bunches  ...  ^ 
Lilium    longiflornm, 

12  blooms ; 

Marguerites,  per  12 


bunches 


Mignonette.  12  bun.  3  0-  t 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...  2  0-  ^ 
Pansies,  12  bunches  2  0-  i 
1, 12  spr.  0  6-  ] 


Pinks,  coloured  and 
white,  12  bun.      ...2  0-' 

Primulas,  double,  12 
sprays       0  9-  1 

Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  0-  t 

Koses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-  '. 

—  coloured,  dozen.  2  0-  < 

—  red.perdozen  ...06-! 

—  Saffrano, dozen...  1  0-  '. 
Spiraea,  12  bunches..  6  0-  ! 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-  • 
Tropaeolums,  12  bun.  1  0-  : 
Tuberoses.  12 blms....  1  0-  , 


Vegetables— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  per  doz...  4  0-  ... 
A-sparagus,  English, 

per  loo       5  0-  ... 

Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  1  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  1  0-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  spring, 

each  0  9-  ... 

Celery,  per  bundle , 
Cucumbers,  each 
Endive,  per  dozen 
Green  Mint,  bunch, 
Herbs,  per  bunch  , 
Leeks,  per  bunch  , 
Lettuce,  per  dozen , 


16-20 
0  6-10 
3  0-... 
0  4-  ... 
0  4-  ... 
0  3-  ... 
16-20 


Lettuce,  C-03.,  each...  0  2-  ... 

Mushrooms,  punnet  16-20 
Mustard    and  Cress, 

punnet       0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel...  4  0-  ... 

Parsley,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 

Peas,  per  quart       ...  1  6-  ... 

Potatos,  per  cwt.    ...  4  0-50 

,,    kidney,  percwt.  4  0-50 

Rhubarb,  per  bundle  0  6-  ... 

Shallots,  per  lb.      ...  0  3-  ... 

Spinach.perbushel...  2  0-  ... 

Sprue,  bundle         ...  1  0-  ... 

Tomatos,  per  lb.      ...  1  6-  ... 

Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  4-  ... 


Potatos. — Old  samples  much  lower ;  new  very  plentiful  from 
■Terssy  and  Cherbourg,  prices  ranging  from  8s.  to  12.s.  per  cwt. 


Fbuit.— Average  Whole3ai.e  Prices. 


Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  2  0-  ;i  0 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  10-20 
Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  eaoh  ...  1  6-  4  6 


Peaches,  dozen  ...  4  0-12  0 
Pine-apples,  Eng. ,1b.  10-16 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  0  3-10 


SEEDS. 

London:  June  )i}d.  —  Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  report  to- 
day's market  thinly  attended,  with  almost  a  complete 
absence  of  business.  Just  now  the  consumptive 
sowing  requirements  are  almost  nil,  whilst  no  specu- 
lation has  developed  itself.  New  French  Trifolium 
promises  to  be  cheap.  There  is  no  change  to  be 
noted  in  either  Mustard  or  Rape  seed.  Blue  boiling 
Peas  sell  slowly  on  former  terms.  In  feeding 
Linseed  there  is  but  little  business  doing. 


CORN. 

Averages. — Official  statement  showing  the  average 
prices  ot  British  corn,  imperial  measure,  in  the  week 
ended  June  25  ;— Wheat,  35s.  Id. ;  Barley,  205.  Id. ; 
Oats,  165.  9rf.  For  the  corresponding  week  iu  1886  : 
—Wheat,  31s.  Id. ;  Barley,  24s.  \\d. ;  Oats,  295.  lOd. 


FRUIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London):  June  29. ^Fairly  good 
supplies  and  trade  rather  slow  at  undermentioned 
quotations: — Gooseberries,  2^.  ?jd.  to  2s.  9rf.  per  half- 
sieve  ;  Cabbages,  2s.  to  'As.  Qd.  per  tally  ;  Spinach, 
Is.  to  Is.  Qd.  per  sieve  ;  Cos  Lettuce,  9rf.  to  Is.  3rf. 
do,  ;  bunch  Radishes,  2^.  3f7.  to  Ss.  3d.  per  tally; 
Greens,  Is.  to  Is.  Gd.  per  dozen  bunches  ;  Turnips, 
4s.  to  Gs.  do.;  Carrots,  4s.  to  6s.  do.;  Rhubarb, 
Is.  Qd.  to  2s.  do, ;  Spring  Onions,  2s.  to  2s.  Gd.  do. ; 
Peas,  5s.  to  6s.  Gd.  per  sack. 

Stratford  :  June  28. — The  trade  and  supply  to 
the  market  during  the  past  week  have  been  good. 
Quotations  : — Mangels,  8s.  to  15s.  per  ton  ;  Onions, 
spring,  3s.  to  3s.  Gd.  per  dozen ;  Watercress,  Gd.  per 
dozen  ;  Cherries,  4s.  Qd.to  5s.  per  flat ;  Strawberries, 
4s.  9rf.  to  5s.  per  dozen  punnets  ;  Dutch  Cucumbers, 
2s.  to  2s.  Gd.  per  dozen  ;  Gooseberries,  2s.  9d.  to  3s. 
per  half-sieve  ;  Peas,  5s.  dd.  to  Gs.  per  bag ;  Lettuce, 
lOf^.  to  Is.  2d.  per  scoie. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  June  28.— Moderate 
supplies  and  a  dull  trade.  Magnum  Bonums.  old, 
SOs.  to  90s. ;  Regents,  70s.  to  90s. ;  Champions.  60s. 
to  SOs.  per  ton ;  new  Jersey  kidney,  125.  to  13s.  ; 
Lisbon,  round,  8s.  to  10s.  ;  Malta  round,  8s.  to  10s. ; 
Cherbourg,  9s.  to  13s.  per  cwt. 

Columbia  (East  London):  June  29. — Quotations: 
— New :  Jersey  kidneys.  12s.  to  13s.  Gd. ;  do.  founds, 
7s.  Gd.  to  8s.  Gd.  ■  Cherbourg  kidneys,  12s.  to  Hs. ; 
do.  rounds,  7s.  Gd.  to  Ss.  ;  St.  Malo  kidneys,  lis.  to 
12s.  Gd.  ;  do.  rounds,  6s.  Gd.  to  7s.  per  cwt.  Old : 
Magnums,  50s.  to  90s. ;  Champions,  50s.  to  70s. ; 
Victorias,  90s.  to  120s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  June  28. — New :  Jersey  kidneys,  lis.  6^' 
to  12s.;  do.  Lisbons,  9s.  to  9s.  Gd.;  do.  Cherbourg. 
8s.  to  8s.  Gd. ;  do.  St.  Malo,  7s.  Gd.  to  8s.  6*:^.  per  cwt. 
Old  :  English  Magnums,  75s.  to  100s.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week 
consisted  of  2224  half-boxes  from  Cadiz,  3364  do. 
Lisbon,  114  bags  Ghent,  50  packages  Valencia. 

HAY. 

Averages. — The  following  are  the  averages  of  the 
prices  obtained  at  the  various  metropolitan  markets 
during  the  past  week: — Clover,  prime,  84s.  to  100s.; 
inferior,  70s.  to  84s.  ;  hay,  prime,  70s.  to  92s.  ; 
inferior,  45s.  to  65s. ;  and  straw,  30s.  to  48s.  per  load. 


Azalea  indica  Novelties. —  At  the  Vienna 
Horticultural  Society's  show  on  April  21,  several  new 
varieties  of  Azalea  indica  were  observed  which  are 
likely  to  find  admirers,  viz.,  Ebomia,  a  pure  white  ; 
Violacea  superbissima,  a  beautiful  violet  colour  ;  and 
the  magnificent  Scarlet  Rose ;  and  lastly,  Comte 
de  Paris,  which  was  remarkable  for  its  enormous 
blossoms,  finely  marked,  and  with  an  uncommonly 
broad  white  edge. 


TREPHOporORCHIDS. 

For  Potting,  Rafts.  Blocks.  &c.    To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN   FIELD,   F.R.B.S., 

75a,    Q  U  K  E  N     V  I  C  T  0  K  I  a    STREET.    E.G. ;    and 

SWAN    TLACE,    OLD    KENT   RO.U),  S.E. 


CATALOGUE  o(  all  Hoeticiilturai.  Requisites  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  descriptions. 

EPPS'S    SELECTED    PEAT 

Is  acknowleHgeJ  to  be  the  best  for  all  kinds  of  CHOICE 
PLANTS.  FERNS.  HEATHS.  &c. ;  anil  their 

Specially  Selected  do.  for  Orchids, 

by  innumerable  nnsolioi  ted  Testimonials.  Rhododendron  PEAT, 
LEAF-MOULD,  LOAM.  SAND.  SPHAGNUM.  COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE.  CHARCOAL.  &c.,  and  all  kinds  of  Garden  Requisites, 
and  NURSERY  STOCK.    For  Price  List  and  Testimonials. 

EPPS  &  CO.,    BINGWOOD,    HANTS. 

MYOCOM  FLY  GUM. 


Catches  FLIES,  MOSQUITOS,  WASPS,  &c. 

Sample  Box,  Post-free  for  Is. 

T.  CHRISTY  &  CO.,  25,  Lime  St.,  London,  E.G. 


^^CUPROLENE," 


WEED  DESTROYER. 


A  NEW  DISCOVERY.— The  Cheapest,  Best,  and  Most 
Effectual  Preparation  for  Killing  Weeds,  Dandelions,  Moss,  &c., 
oil  Carriage  Drives,  Garden  Walks,  or  wherever  they  may  exist. 

No  disturbance  of  gravel.     Saves  labour,  time,  and  money. 
Supersedes  all  other  preparations. 

Messrs.  Richard  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester,  the  extensive 
and  well-known  nurserymen,  write  us: — "We  are  pleeised  to 
say  that  your  Weed  Killer  is  very  effective,  cleanly  to  use,  and 
the  best  we  ever  tried." 

CupROLEXE  is  used  with  the  greatest  success  in  all  parts  o 
the  United  Kingdom.    Testimonials  on  application. 
Prices,  Carriage  Paid  to  any  Station. 

4  galls.,  sufficient  for  100  gulls,  of  water     ...£»    G     0 


16 


400 


5  per  Cent.  Disct.  for  Cash ;  carriage  paid  on  returns  of  16  gallfl. 

100  galls,  will  cover  an  area  of  about  50  yards  x  50  yards. 

Sole  Pkoprietors  and  Manufacturers. 

DEIGHTON  &  CO.,  Agricultural  Chemists.  Bridgnorth. 

JENSEN'S^ 

Every  [Train    ferlilizea  becauso    the  Gunno  is  perfectly 
pure.     It  is  most  economical,  one  pan  of  Manure  to 
100  pavtB  of  soil  being  ample  for  (. 


Write  for  Pamphlet,  Te; 


tials  and  Instructions. 


FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker's  analysis  Ruaranteed.     FISII-POTASH 
contains  Ammonia,  Pliosidiates  anil   Potash  in  largo 
proportions,    which    are   the    principal    elements  of 
fertiUzation. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is.;   in  Baus,  71bs..  2s.  ;    141bs., 

4s. :  28  lbs.,  6s.  6d.;  515  lbs.,  10s.  6d.  :  1  cwt., 

16s.;   2  cwt.,  30s.,  carriage  paid.     Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 

p  ISHURST    COMPOUND,   used   by  leading 

VT  Gardeners  since  1859  against  Ked  Spider,  Mildew, 
Tbrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes,  Is.,  3s.,  and  10.5.  Gd. 

GISHITRSTINE  ke^ps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6d.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


28 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  2,  1887. 


PEAT,  LOAM,  SAND,  &c.— Splendid  Brown 
Fibrous  PEAT  (full  of  fibre).  95.  per  yard  ;  Yellow  Fibrous 
lOAM  (best  in  England),  10s.  per  ton  ;  SILVER  SAND  (coarie 
and  fine).  10s.  per  ton.      Each  in  truckloads.     COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE  REFUSE.  20s.  per  large  truckload.    Send  for  List. 
BKDiKWOKTH  and  SONS,  ReadinR. 

G 'GARDEN  and  FARM  REQUISITES.— 
i  Archangel.  Petersburg,  Garden  and  Packing  MAT.S  of 
every  description.  RAFFIA,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  CLOTH  ; 
GREENHOUSE  SHADINGS  of  all  kinds;  PEAT,  LOAJJ, 
SILVER-SAND,  and  COCOA-FrBP.E  REFUSE;  GARDEN 
NETTING  and  TOOLS ;  RICK-CLOTHS  and  TARPAULINS 
for  sale  or  hire;  MARQUEE,  TENT,  and  FLAG  Makers; 
.TUBLLEE  TENT,  25s.  each,  complete. 

SLY,  DIBBLE  and  CO.,  129,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E, 
Illustrated  Catalogues  post-free. 

ANNED  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  Ud.  per 

yard ;  10s.  per  100  yards ;  25  yards  2  yards  wide  post- 
free  4s. ;  4  yards  wide,  3d.  per  yard  ;  20s.  per  100.  NEW 
TWINE  NETTING,  1  inch  mesh,  1  yard  wide,  2d. ;  2  yards 
wide,  3d. ;  4  yards  wide,  6<(,  per  yard.  COTTON  NETTING, 
£4  inches  wide,  19  meshes  to  square  inch,  ^d.  per  yard  (best 
article  to  protect  fruit  trees,  &e.).  BAT  FOLDING  NETS,  on 
Bamboo  poles,  20s.     CLAP  NET.S.  for  birds,  :iOs. 

W.  CULLINGFORD,  Forest  Gate,  London,  E. 

-if\f\  MILES   of    GARDEN    NETTING  for 

1\J\J  Protecting  FRUIT  TREES,  SEED-BEDS,  PLANTS, 
FLOWERS,  &c..  1-inch  mesh,  100  yards  by  2  yards,  or  50  yards 
by  4  yards,  price  10s.  each,  carriage  paid.  Hundreds  of  Testi- 
monials. Any  size  made  to  order.  Trade  supplied.  Special 
quotations  for  large  quantities.  LAWN  TENNIS  BOUNDARY 
NETS,  HAMMOCKS,  FLAGS,  CRICKET,  SALMON,  RABBIT, 
and  FISHING  NETS. 

ABBOTT  AND  CO..  Net  Manufacturers.  Lowestoft. 


RIGBY,  WAINWRIGHT  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS, 

Neptune  Works,  Manchester, 

Cotton     Wool    and      Wadding 

for  Florists  and  Nurserymen. 

Send  for  Samples  and  Prices. 


GARDEN  SHADINGS,  SKb^J^' 

RUSSIA  MATS,  RAFFIA,  PEAT, 

SAND,     COCOA    FIBRE    REFUSE,    &c., 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 
CATALOG  IE  on  APPLICATION. 


JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135,  COMMERCIAL  STREET,   LONDON.  E. 

TiMAS'SiRAiNiHC  TRELLISES 

No.  .SI.     GALVANISED  AFTER  MADE. 

For  Training  Peas  instead  of 

Training  Plants  to  Walls,  &c. 
Jx  Panels. 

6  feet  by  3  feet  ...  2S.  each. 
6  feet  bv  4  feet  ...  38.  ea.li. 
6  feet  by  6  feet  ...  43.  each. 
Also  used  for  training  plants, 
made  any  size  to  order. 
3-inch      2-inch      l»-inch  mesh. 

Sad.         4d.  45d,         per  foot  super. 

GALVANISED     WIRE     NETTING. 

Improved  Mai'luiic-miidc. 

Greatly  Reduced  Prices  per  Roll  of  60  Yards. 


ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE 
on  application. 


J.   J.   THOMAS   &   CO., 

87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.G.; 
Works :    362,    EDGWARE     ROAD,    LONDON,    W. 


THOS.     W.     ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKfi,  STOURBRIDGE, 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  43. 3d.  ea 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  6rf.  each. 
Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  List  on  application. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL, 


Garden  Engine  and 

Water-Barrow 

Combined 

This  implement  i  well 
adapted  for  both  large 
and  small  gardens  It 
is  strong  and  well  m-ule 
and  not  liable  to  get 
out  of  order. 
CASH  PRICES 
{Carriage  Paid) 
15  gallon  size,  *!  15! 


20 


f4     5s 


JW  1" 
:;!   Every  requisite  for 
"5  the  tiarden  &  Pleas  ire 
.-,^  lirounds  manufacturei 
"   bv  ourselves. 

NEW  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  sent  firee 


You  Should  Use 


NURSERY  WATER  POTS 

:ei  ;rresders8iT«=ts.""'''"'" 


WARNER'S  WATER  BARROWS. 
WARNER'S     AQUAJECTS. 

The  very  Best.       Lists  aud  Prui-s  of 

JOHN       WARNER      and      SONS, 

CRESCENT  FOUNDRY,  CRIPPLEGATE,  LONDON,  E.C. 
gf"  Manufacturers  of  Prize  Medal  GARDEN  ENGINES  and 
SYRINGES,  all  the  very  best  quality. 


HILL    & 

BLACK 


SMITH'S 

VARNISH 


for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  coat. 

Used  in  all  Loudon  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing ;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 


/^  A   TTH^  TCi  A7         Every  ca^^k  bears  the  above  Registered 
VIx  U  J- IUmS  M        Trade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 


HILL      &      SMITH, 

Brlerley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118    Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47,  Dawson  Street.  Dublin. 


STEVEN      BROS      &    C° 
HOT        WATER        APP.'XRATUS. 


HY.     VAN      &      CO. 

(The  Old  it  I    ni  nH    j  e  in  the  Tra  le   Eitd    1780). 

17,   Tooley    St  eet     London    Bridge,   S.E. 


//      Ir  ted  C4T-iL0Gr  E^  Post  free 
PROTECTION  FOR  FRUIT  AND  FLOWERS. 

GARDEN  NETTING,  2  Yards  wide,  Ijrf.,  or  per  100  yards, 
10s.  1  ditto,  4  yards  wide,  3d.,  or  per  100  yards,  20s. 

SCRIM  CANVAS,  1  yard  wide,  3d. ;  IJ  yard,  4Ji. ;  >od 
2  Yards,  6tf.  per  yard. 

TIFFANY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  3s.  Gd.  per  piece. 

SHADING  BLINDS  niade  up  any  size. 

RICK  CLOTHS.  TARPAULINS,  Corn  and  Potato  SACKS. 
FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  for  S.ile  or  Hire. 

TOBACCO  PAPER.  RAFFIA,  and  Garden  MATS  of  all  kinds. 

BECKETT    BROS., 


CHELMSFORD. 


+  UPPER  THAMES    S^     LONDON.  E.C 


lU  by  8  ft.  £7  7  0 
lo  by  10  ft.  11  1.5  0 
20  by  12  ft.  17  4  6 

LEAN-TO  and  THREE-QUABTEIt  SPAN 
PIT  FRAMES  equall 


ensth.  Width. 

30  by  12  ft.  £23  19     6 

40  by  14  ft,     34     U     0 

50  by  14  ft.     42     1     0 

above. 


i  prici 


MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P    P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL  -COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 

GARDEN     REQUISITES.  — Sticks,    Labels, 
Virgin  Cork,  Raffia,  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Manures.  &c.     Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.90.  Lower  Thames  Street.  London,  E.C. 


Accidents   at   Home  and   Abroad. 

Railway  Acci.l'Mils.EmpIover's  l.iabilit  v.  insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
COMPANY,  64,  CornhiU.  London.  Income,  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,350,000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums— favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Office,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C.  ;  Head 
Office,  64,  CornhiU,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


Completion  of  "  FamUlar  Garden  Flowers." 

Nu\vn-;uly,™mpl.'t.Mn.'ihan,l.umeVolumrs.  prii.-  I2s.(v/.each. 

FAMILIAR     GARDEN     FLOWERS, 

Wilh    Iii-s,n|,hvc  Text  hv  SiiinLiv  IIlliIiEKD.  and  2(10  Full- 
.,    fn.m     llrigiiKil    I'ainliiigs  by   F.  E. 


.  F.L.iL 


The  descriptions  of  the  flowers  are  admirable,  and  the 
coloured  plates  are  executed  in  the  highest  style  of  art." — 
Court  Circular. 

"  Nothing  could  be  more  lovely  than  the  coloured  plates. "~ 
Jo/,n  Pull. 

'  •  The  pictures  are  beautifully  drawn  and  coloured.  The  work 
i.f  re.Tl  interest,  and  is  so  beautiful  that  it  may  be  stronj^ly 


y/if  Qu. 


book  for  ladies  and  all  young  people. 


Uniform  with  this  Work. 
FAMILIAR  WILD  BIRDS.     Ist  and  2nd  Series,  12s. 6<i.  each. 
FAMILIAR  WILD  FLOWERS.    6  Series.    12s.6rf.eaoh. 
FAMILIAR  TREES.    1st  Series.    12s.  6rf. 
CASSELLAIIDCOMPANY(Lim.),LudgateHiU,London,E.C. 


Jtot  2,  1887.] 


THE     GAB  DENE  RS'     CHRONICLE. 


29 


CROMPTON  &  FAWKES, 

HOETICULTHKAi  BUILDERS  AND 
HEATINQ  ENGINEERS, 

CHELMSFORD. 


Inexpensive  Artistic 
Architectural 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Particulars  and  Price  of  Conservatory 
to  annexed  design  (which  can  be  supplied 
from  £33  178.).  also  profusely  Illustrated 
liOOK.containingnumerous  other  Designs 
t)f  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Ranges 
uf  Hothouses,  Vineries,  Forcing  Houses. 
&c.,  recently  erected,  fitted,  and  heated 
by  us  in  different  part-a  of  the  country 
post-tree  on  applicatioD. 

Clients  waited  on  and  Surveys  made  in 
any  part  of  thecountry.  Plans,  Estimates, 
minute  details,  and  reliable  suggestions 
and  information  regarding  every  descrip- 
tion of  Horticultural  Buildings — based  on 
many  years  experience — supplied  free  of 

The  efficiency  of  allHeating  Apparatus, 
Boilers,  Fittings,  &.C.,  designed  and  con- 
structed by  us  guaranteed. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  Of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES.  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


tH   to 


HOT-WATER     APPARATUS    for     WARMING     CHURCHES,    SCHOOLS,     PUBUC     BUILDINGS,     MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS.  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


Please  send  me  "  Thb  Gaedenees'  Chhonicle  "  ■'or  . 


w. 


RICHARDS, 

U,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,  W.C. 

1887. 

Months, 


commencing ,/or  which  1  enclose  P.  0.0, . 

IS*  Please  Note  that  aU  Copies  sent  Direct  ftom  tills  Office  must  tie  paid  for  In  advance.  ^ 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  :— 13  Months,  16s. ;   8  Months,  7s.  6d. ;  3  Months,  3s:  9d. ;   Post-free. 

FOREISN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (ezcepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17s.  id.  for  12  Months.    India  and  China,  19s,  6i 

Receipts  for  less  than  six  months'  subscription  will  not  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.0.0.  to  be  made  pat/able  at  the  Post  Office, 
42,     DRURY    LANE,     London,     to    W.     RICHARDS. 
Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


RoBher'B  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
, KITCHEN  GARDENS, 
they  harbour  no  Slugs 
Insects,  take  up  little  i 
and  once  put  down  inci 
further  labour  or  expense, 
do  "grown"  Edgings,  conse-  /^"-t^T:. 
quently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E. ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W.  j 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,   and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  VPALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,   for  Lining   Walls   of   Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinde.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSUER  AKD  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SI      L    ^V     E     R         S     A      N      D  , 
fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  jwst,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pit-s  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied   at  lowest  rates  i 
quantities. 


>  anj 


A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3d3  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  IG-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneoua 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  EARMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

34,  St.  Jobn  Street,  West  Smlthlleld,  London,  E.C. 

stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chronicle. 

DOULTON  &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH   POTTERY,  LONDON,  S.E, 

VASES,  PEDESTALS,  FOUNTAINS, 

GARDEN  EDGINGS,  ^c,  in 

IMPERISHABLE    TERRA    COTTA. 


Tiles  for  Linmg  Walls  of  Conservatories, 
ART  POTTERY,  inchiding  JARDINIERES, 

Table  Decorations  and  Vases,  Fonntalns,  &c., 

for  the  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WARE,  LAMBETH  FAIENCE,  AND  THE  NEW 

SILICON  WARE. 


Show  Rooms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  and  packirig  free,  and  delivered  to  any  London  Station 

100  squares  of  Glass,  cLuality  guaranteed. 


\^ 

by  SJ  for  10/-  for  14/- 

„  9  „  10/-  „  14/- 

i-i 

„  10  „  11/-  „  16/6 

14 

„  ID  „  13/-  „  19/- 

14 

„  12  „  17/6  „  24/- 

la 

„  13  „  13/-  „  20/- 

18 

„  12  „  21/-  „  31/- 

12 


24/- 


3.5/- 


or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  «, 
or  250  squares  8^  by  6^,  or  220 
squares,  9^  by  6^,  or  170  squares, 
9  by  7i,  or  150  squares,  10  by  8, 
for  105.  Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 
over  £3. 


Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  miied  for  U! 
n  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  bd.  per  pound.    Special  quotatic 
jiven  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     ROBINSOIf, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND    GLASS    WAREHODSE, 
14,  Moor  Lane,  Cripplegate,  London,  RC. 


30 


THE     GARi)ENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


[Jthlt  i,  1887. 


THE  CARDENERXCHRONICLL 

Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

■  ■     -•  *     Jhad  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines 

,  £0 

3 

0 

15  Lines. . 

£0      8 

6 

6       „ 

.     0 

a 

(i 

16      „     .. 

0      0 

U 

6       „ 

0 

4 

0 

17      „     . . 

0    9 

6 

7      „ 

;  0 

4 

fi 

18      „     . . 

•0  lb 

U 

8      „ 

.     0 

5 

0 

19      „     .. 

0  10- 

ti 

9      „ 

,    n 

5 

6 

20      „     .  . 

0  11 

U 

10      „ 

.     0 

6 

0 

21       „     . . 

0  11 

b 

11       .. 

.     0 

6 

6 

22      „     . . 

0  12 

0 

12      „ 

,    n 

7 

0 

23      „     . 

0  12 

b 

13      „ 

,     0 

7 

6 

24      „     . 

0  13 

0 

14      „ 

.     0 

8 

0 

25      „     . 

0  13 

ti 

AND 

SIXPENO 

E  FOR  EV 

:rv  additional 

LIXE. 

U  set  acr 

D33  two  Columns,  t 

18  lowest  charae  ■( 

yill  be  20s 

U  set  acro3 

three  Columns,  t 

he  lowest  charge 

will  be  30s. 

Page 

£S;     Ha.fPage, 

£4  Ulj. ;     Colum 

n,  £:i. 

GARDENERS  and  OTHERS  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  words,  inoludiuf;  name  and  address,  Is.  6(/.,  aud  6'1.  for 

every  additional  lule  (about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE  ADVERTISE.MENTS  MU3T  BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT  NOTfCE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-ojfices,  (U 
cut  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births.  Deaths  and  Marriages.  5s.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MUST  reach  tne   Office 

by  Thursday  noon. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  KixciDOM :   12  Months,  153. ;   6  Months. 

7s.  6d. :  3  Months.  3s.  9d. 

Foreign   (.■Iceptill^■   India  and  China):    includini;  Postage, 

178.  6d.  for  12  .Months:   India  and  China.  193.  6d. 
Post-office    Orders    to  be    made    payable    at   the  Post   Office 

42,  DRUKY  LANE.  W.C.  to  W.  Richards. 


Fdblishino  Ofpick  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  WellinRfon  Street,  SIrand,  London.  W.C. 


JMg.- 


k-f  ■  S^i-'SiBisA^fey-^^dZ.^  1 


WILUAIVIS    BROS.   &   CO., 

77,     PERSHORE     STREET, 

B  I  R  M  I  N  G  HAM. 

Complete  Price  List  on  ctjiplicution. 


TROPICAL    AGRICULTURIST, 

A  MONTHLY  RECORD  OF  INFORMATION 

FOR  PLANTERS 

Of  Tea,  Cacao,  C'inchofia.   Cojfee.  Indiariibber,  Sugar,  Palms, 

Cotton,  Cardamoms.  Kola,  Coca,  Cinnamon,  Ntctmegs^ 

Fibrous  Plants,  and  other  Products  suited 

for  Cultivation  in  the  Tropics. 

Published  at  Oiserufj- Office.  Colombo,  Ceylou,  onoraboutthe 

Ist  Of  each  month.    Commeuced  in  June,  1881. 
The   "Tropical  Agriculturist"  has  now  an  assured 
position  in  its  large  circulation  in  Ceylon,  Southern  and 


America,  Natal,  Maxiritius,  and  the  West  Indies.  From  all 
sub-tropical  planting  settlements  we  have  had  cordial  approval 
of  the  publication  aud  an  encouraging  measure  of  support.  The 
Englisli,  Indian,  aud  Colouial  Press  have  spoken  in  commenda- 
tory terms  of  the  T.  A.,  as  also  Directors  of  Public  Gardens 
from  Sir  .Joseph  Hooker.  F.R.S.,  downwards,  and  so  have  all 
Planters. 

t^  No  Planter  should  be  without  it. 
Rates  of  Subacription,  including  Postage,  in  advance : 

£1  sterling.     Rupees  VJ.     Dollar:*  6. 

Single  Copies.  2s..  or  Kl  ;  Back  Copies,  3s..  or  K1.50. 

Any  one  of  the    Four  Volumes  completed   (1881-2,    1882-3. 

1883-4,  1884-5),  bound  in  cloth,  lettered,  witli  Comprehensive 

ludex,  for  £l  10.s-.  (or  R18)^  carriage  prepaid. 

THE  TROPICAL  AGBICCLTUIiLST . 
As  a  medium  for  English,  AmericaQ,  and  Australian 
ADVERTISEMENTS  of  goods  suitable  for  the  tropics,  India 
as  well  as  Ceylon,  the  Straits  Settlements,  Java,  and  West 
Indies  (Central  America  being  included  in  that  term),  or 
connected  with  agriculture,  the  Tropical  Agriculturist  stands 
unrivalled,  the  work  being  constantly  in  tlie  hands  of  Native 
as  well  as  European  ana  American  Agriculturists.  Being  a 
IMonthly  Periodical  the  Tropical  Agriculturist  lies  on  the 
table  aiiil  is  very  often  referred  to  during  each  month — a  fact 
wUii-h  AdvtTti^ers  will  know  how  to  appreciate. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Teiselton  Dyer.  F.L.S.,  C.M.G.,  Director  of 
Kew(_;;irdens,  writing  of  the  T.  ^.,  refers  to  itas  "anastonishing 
verything  relating  to  the  Economic  Botany  of 


repertory  of 
theKa^t'." 

i-:r  1- 


)  bett. 


)r  the  Sale  of  Plants.  Seeds,  Mncliinery.  Implements, 
.1  in  Tropical  (Tea,  Sugar,  Fibres.  &c.)  Agriculture, 
Advertising  Medium  exists. 


Rates  for  Advertisements  :— 

[Nine  words  to  a  line]. 

Twelve  Lines  and  under,  per  Line 9d.  (8  annas) 

About  Twelve  Lines  „         arf.  (7  annas) 

(Quarter  Page  (once)    ...        17s.  KIO  )      5  per  Cent,  off 
Half  ,,        .,        ...£l    8s.    E17  Hor  each  additional 

Whole         £-2    Os.     1124  \  insertion 

1^^  T-^T  ;.''iT  rn:itr:irts  special  reductions. 
CommunicalM'fi  \  h  ortiseraents  and  Subscriptions 

for  the"Ti;'  I  i       i      ■   ^  i    '■  i.  n'RlST  "  may  be  addressed  to 
A,  M.  AND  J.  M-  l."i   -'  '^.  r..;Mmbo. 
J.  HADDON  ANi*  i-u..  ;;,  iiuuvt'rie  Street,  London,  E.C. 
G.  STREET  AND  CO.,  ;iU,  Cornhill,  London.  E.C. 

Or  AjT-Tits  in  all  parts  of  the  World. 

THE    SYDNEY   MAIL. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  — 

INTEKCOLOXIAL  on.l  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  tlie  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated  BELL'S 
LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TURF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Drawn  and  engraved  especi- 
ally for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.    (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE,  PASTORAL,  HORTICULTURE. 

CiOLD  FIELDS  and  MINING  generally. 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS. 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 

TALES  bv  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRALIAN 
AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.    DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CIRCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 
The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 

Australian  Colonies.  New  Zealand,  Polynesia,  &c.     It  contains 

a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 

Subscription  in  Advance,  £1  6b.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  6(/. ;  Stamped,  Id. 
Publishing  Office— Hunter  Street,  Sydney.  New  Soutli  Wales. 

ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  for  tlie 
SYDNEY  MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL  :— 

London  Messrs.  Geo.  Street  &  Co.,  yo,  Cornhill.  E.C. 

Mr.   F.  Algar,   8,   Clement's  Lane,   Lombard 

Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.   Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.   Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street.  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  186,  Strand. 

Bristol  James  and    Henry    Grace,    Royal   Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchester...  James  and  Henry  Grace.  73,  Market  Street. 
Edisburuh   ...  Robertson  &  Sc  rtt,  13,  Hanover  Street. 

Glasoow W.    Porteous    &    Co.,    IS,    Royal    Exchange 

Plate 
1^"  Copies   of  each  Journal  are  filed   at  the 
aliuce  Offices/or  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


Belgian.  

BULLETIN  d'ARBORlCULTURE, 
Ae  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHEEE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  BuRTE- 
NICH,  F.  Paynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  and  H.  J.  VAN  HUiLE, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.     Post  paid.  10s.  per  annum. 

H.  J.  VAN  HULLE.  Botanical  Gardens.  Ghent,  Belgium. 


AN  ESTABLISHED  well-known  Floral 
Advertiser  (conducting  business  by  advertising)  WISHES 
a  PARTNER  with  £oU0 — develope  neucleus  excellent  business. 
— VANDY'K,  28,  Langham  Street,  London,  W. 


WANTED,  a  WORKING  FOREMAN,  Mar- 
ket or  otherwise.  One  who  can  produce  all  Choice 
Cut  Flowers,  Plants,  and  Frnit,  &c.— E.  T.,  Gun  Hill,  Chid- 
dingly,  Sussex. 


WANTED,  an  energetic  Man,  as  WORKING 
FOREMAN  for  a  Small  Nursery.  Must  understand 
Cucumbers  and  Tomatos.  and  Growing  Soft-wooded  Plants.— 
Address,  with  full  particulars,  FOREMAN,  Mr.  Stuart,  Florist, 
Seven  Sisters  Road,  N.  

\\7ANTED,  a  single  MAN,  to  live  in  Bothy 

V  T  and  take  sole  charge  of  Glass  in  a  Small  Nursery  : 
must  be  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  Indoor  Plants,  good 
Propagator,  able  to  make  Wreaths,  Bouquets,  &c. — Apply, 
stating  wages,  to  KENT  and  BRYDON,  Darlington. 


Rose  Grower. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  who  has  worked 
among  Koses.  One  with  knowledge  of  Inside  Work 
preferred.  If  satisfactory  situation  will  be  permanent.  Good 
wages.— WM.  CORP,  Sandygate,  Sheffield. 


"\^7ANTED,  a  good,  industrious,  middle-aged 

VV  Man,  as  GENERAL  PLANT  GROWER.  Onewitha 
bov  from  14  to  16  vears  old.  to  assist,  preferred.  Liberal  wages 
given  to  a  suitable  man.— G.  STEVENS,  St.  John's  Nursery, 
Putney,  S.W. 


WANTED,  a  steady  MAN  (age  20),  accus- 
tomed to  Growing  for  Market  Grapes,  Cucumbers, 
Toraatos,  Tea  Roses,  Ferns,  and  Cut  Flowers  generally. 
Wage-.  IMS.  weekly.— A.  Z.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,  AT  ONCE,   TWO  sharp  young 

MEN — one  for  Ferns  and  one  for  Palms.  Must  have 
been  in  Nursery.— W.  ICETON,  Granard  Gardens,  Putney  Park 
Lane,  Roehampton.  S.W. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  to  assist  in  the 
Houses,  principallv  Orchid-;  and  Grapes.  Wages  lbs. 
per  week.  No  bothy.-  -E.  AYLINU,  Forty  Hill,  Enfield, 
Middlesex. 


WANTED,  a  strong  industrious  YOUTH, 
to  attend  to  Fruit  Trees  on  Walls  and  Assist  in 
Kitchen  Garden,  Also  take  share  in  duty  work.  Wages,  10.v. 
per  week,  with  Bothy.  Premium  required.— W.  L.  BIRD,  The 
Gardens,  Norton  Hall,  Daventry. 


WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  several  good  GRAPE 
THINNERS.— Mr.    E.    BENNETT,    The    Vineyard, 
Potter's  Bar,  N. 

WANTED,  a  quick,  active,  young  MAN,  for 
the  Houses.  Must  have  good  character.— G.  BENNETT, 
Brent  Hill  Nursery,  Hanwell. 

ANAGER   REQUIRED   for   an  old-estab- 

lished  Florist's  in  the  West-End.  Must  he  energetic 
and  trustworthy,  and  thoroughly  understand  the  business. 
One  to  live  on  the  premises  preferred.  No  objection  to  Man 
and  Wife,  the  latter  to  assist  in  the  shop. — Apply  by  letter, 
stating  experience,  to  THOS .  R.  WOOLFE.  1.5,  King  Street,  E.C. 

Nursery  Clerk. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  efficient  MAN.— 
-Vpply,  stating  age,  qualifications,  salary  expected, 
with  other  particulars,  NURSERY,  Messrs.  Jacob  Wrench  & 
Sons,  London  Bridge,  London,  E.C. 

A^rANTED,  for  a  Wholesale  Seed  Establish- 
VV  meat,  an  ASSISTANT  CORRESPONDING  CLERK, 
who  thoroughly  understands  French  and  German,  a  knowledge 
of  the  Danish  Language  also  useful. — Address  applications, 
stating  experience  ami  salary  required,  to  "FOREIGNER." 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Omce,  41,  WeBington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

"V^ ANTED,   a  CLERK,  for   Correspondence 

V  V  nnd  Invoices,  in  extensive  Nursery,  principally  out- 
door stock. — W.  L.,  Messrs.  Protheroe  &  Morris,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 

Florists'  and  Fruiterers'  Shopman. 

WANTED,    a    thorough  good  HAND,  used 
to  good  Trade— Fruit,  Plants,  Seeds,  &c.— Floral  Hall, 
George  Street,  Richmond. 

ANTED,    several    young    MEN,    in    the 

Florist    Flower    Department,     at    once.— THOMAS 
S.  WARE.  Hale  Farm  Nursery.  Tottenham. 

WANTED,  in  a  Flower  Market,  a  good 
WREATH  and  BOUQUET  MAKER:  a  young  man 
with  some  knowledge  of  Plants  preferred.— F.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Florists. 

WANTED,  a  LADY,  or  married  COUPLE, 
to  take  Management  of  Branch  Shop,  where  a  quick 
trade  is  done.  Will  have  to  Deposit  some  Capital  as  guarantee. 
—Letters  to  E.  S.  O.,  Hieatt  &  Son,  Covent  Qordcn,  W.C. 


w 


ANTED,  in  a  Nursery,  a  HANDY  MAN, 


JcLT  2,  1887.] 


THE     OAB.DENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


31 


GABDENING    APPOINTMENTS. 

Me.  K.  I'egbik,  formerly  of  Ilavensbury,  has 
been  appointed  to  take  charge  of  the  estate  of 
Mrs.  MiLN's,  at  West  End  House,  Sunninghill. 

Through  the  death  of  the  late  Lord  Gebabd, 
Mr.  Skenk,  after  thirty-four  years'  service  as 
Gardener  and  Forester  at  Garswood,  has  left, 
and  his  son-in-law,  Mr.  Thomas  Griffiths,  has 
been  appointed  to  the  garden  department. 

Mr.  Allan  Hunter,  for  the  last  five  years 
Propagator  in  the  Zoological  Society's  Gardens, 
Regent's  Park,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gar- 
dener and  Forester  to  A.  J.  Scott,  Esq.,  Rother- 
field  Park,  Alton,  Hants. 

Mr.  Henry  Applin,  from  the  Hewell  Gar- 
dens, Bromsgrove,  has  been  engaged  as  Head 
Gardener  to  Mr.  W.  Wingpield,  Sherwater 
Court,  AVoking. 


WANT     PLACES. 


Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOjVniEND  with  every  cooti- 
dence,  energetic  aud  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  tirst-rate  Establislimenta, 
or  Single-handed  aituatioiis,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged. — JOHN  LAING 
AND  CO..  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS.  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CAKTKR  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  JIEN. 
several  of  wliom  are  personally  ^y•:\\  kIlo^\  n  t..>  .Mt-^srs.  Carter. 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  1*37  smii  I'.w,  Hit:h  HoIlMjrn,  W.C. 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  BailifTs.  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SOA'  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 


qui 


recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  GentI 
riug  either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-ch 
1  by  applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son.  Highgate  Nurseries, 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  anuouuce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
%c. — St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worn-ster. 

HE      LIVERPOOL      HORTICULTURAL 

CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  MAX.  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments 

RCHID  GEO  WER,or  HEAD  GARDENER. 

— Age  30,  married;  ten  years'  thorough  experience  in 
the  largest  and  best  kept  Collections,  Highly  recommended 
by  one  of  the  First  Growers  of  the  day.  Excellent  characters. 
—A.  B.  C.  5.  Parade,  Teddington,  S.W. 

ARDENER     (Head),     or     ORCHID 

GROWER. — Age  39,  married,  youngest  child  10  years ; 
thorougblv  practical.  Good  experience.  Well  recommended. 
—HEAD  GARDENER,  Exotic  Nursery,  Chigwell.  Essex. 

ARDENER  (Head).— H.  Mann,  Grantham, 

late  Head  Gardener  to  Sir  W.  E.  Welby  Gregory,  Bart., 
Denton  Manor,  is  desirous  of  re- engagement.  Highly  recom- 
mended by  late  employers,  clergymen,  &c. 

AUDENER   (Head).— Age  40,  single;   has 

filled  a  similar  situation  ;  good  testimonials  as  to  Fruit 
and  Flowers.  Good  references. — A.  F.,  27,  Carlisle  Place, 
London,  W. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Age  33,  married,  no 

family;  eight  years  with  one  of  the  most  successful 
exliibitors.  Good  Plant  Grower ;  well  up  in  Ericas.  Thoroughly 
competent  throughout.  Excellent  references. — T.  A.,  2, 
Whitby  Villas.  Sansome  Walk,  Worcester. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Age  35,  married,  two 

children ;  twenty  years'  practical  experience.  Ener- 
getic, industrious,  trustworthy,  and  has  first-class  abilities 
and  personal  character.  A  good  Garden  and  Glass  is  sought 
after  more  thau  high  wages.  Total  abstainer. — INDUS- 
TRIOUS, F.  Price,  Ewell  Road,  Surbiton. 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;    age  28,  single.— 

H.  Downing,  Gardener,  Norbury  Park,  near  Dorking, 
Surrey,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man a  thoroughly  experienced  man  in  all  branches.  He  is 
very  steady  aud  respectable,  and  can  have  most  excellent 
character  from  here  and  other  places  where  he  has  been  living 
as  Foreman.     Shall  be  pleased  to  answer  any  inquiries. 

GARDENER  (HEAD),^where  help  is  given. — 
The  Advertiser  can  highly  recommend  a  practical  liard- 
working  trustworthy  man.  Abstainer.  Other  references 
given.— OLIVER  GOLDSMITH,  Polesden.  Dorking,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head);  married,  no  family. — 
A  Gkntleman  wishes  to  highly  recommend  his  late 
Head  Gardener,  John  Gore,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring 
the'services  of  a  thorough  practical  Gardener.— JOHN  GORE, 
Polegate,  Sussex. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  30.  —  J.  C. 
Macphebson,  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  LordLondes- 
borough,  Northerwood,  Lyndhurst,  Hants,  would  be  plea.sed  to 
recommend  his  Foreman  (F.  Taylor)  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man requiring  the  services  of  a  thorough  practical  man.  Two 
years'  good  character,  with  good  testimonials  from  previous 
employers. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  one 
or  two  others  are  kept.— Age  30,  single;  fourteen 
years'  experience  with  Fruits,  Flowers,  and  ^''egetables. — W. 
KING,  Foxley  Gardens.  Hereford, 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  three 
or  four  are  kept, — Age  Zh;  thoroughly  experienced. 
Good  testimonials,  and  five  years'  character. — W.  PECK, 
Curylls,  Fay  Gate,  Horsham. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 

or  three  are  kept. — Married,  no  family ;  is  open  to  engage 
with  any  Lady  or  Gontlemnu  as  above.  —  Mr.  MEUKV- 
WEATHER,  The  Nurseries,  Southwell,  Notts. 


G -I  ARDENER  (Head  AVorking).  — Eighteen 
X  years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches.  Character 
will  bear  strictest  investigation.  Capable  of  Managing  a 
Large  or  Small  Place,  where  three  or  more  are  kept. — T.  W. 
DAFFON,  New  Road.  Solihull.  Birmingham.    ' 


p  ARDENER     (Head    Working).— Mr. 

V_X  Forbes,  Gardener  to  W.  Drury  Lowe,  Esq.,  Locke  Park, 
near  Derby,  can  highly  recommend  his  Foreman,  Frederick 
Reney,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  Gar- 
dener.    Fourteen  years'  experience. — Address  as  above. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Age  3l>^ 

married;  has  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  profession 
in  all  branches.  Five  and  a  lialf  years'  first-class  references 
from  present  and  previous  employers.— HEAD  GARDENER, 
Dunston  House,  Penkridge,  Staffs. 


GARDENER  (Head  AVorking,  or  good 
SiXGLE-HANDKD).— Age  35,  married;  thoroughly  ex- 
perienced in  Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  Grapes,  FruitH,  and 
Flowers.  Four  years'  good  character  from  last  situation. — 
C.  SHARP,  2,  Putney  Bridge  Road,  Wandsworth.  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Wobking,  or  good 
SlNULE-HAN^DED).  — Age  27,  single;  experienced  in 
Vines,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Three  years'  excellent 
character. — A.  M.,  Fairview  Cottage,  Garfield  Street,  Clap- 
ham  Road,  Bedford. 

GARDENER,  where  help  is  given.— Age  29, 
married  when  suited  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all 
branches.  Well  up  in  Vineries  and  Peach-houses.  Good 
references;  five  and  a  half  years'  from  present  employer. 
Abstainer.- A.  SMITH,  1,  East  Bank  Road,  New  Hampton, 
Middlesex. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Under),  in 
the  Houses  or  Out. — Age  23;    good  character. — S.    W., 
97,  Lambeth  Walk.  Lambeth,  S.E.- 

GARDENER  (Single-handed).  —  Under- 
stands general  routine  of  Gardening.  Strong,  willing, 
and  obliging.  Excellent  character.  Good  experience. — J. 
ELLIS,  29,  Rectory  Road,  Parsons  Green,  Fulham,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (good  Single-handed).  — 
Married,  no  family ;  understands  Vines,  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Garden.  Good  Character. — G.  L.,  10,  Camden  Cot- 
tages, White  Horse  Hill,  Chislehurst,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (good  Single-handed,  or  where 
help  is  given). — Age  33,  married;  thoroughly  practical 
in  all  branches.  Eighteen  years'  experience.  Wife  could  do 
Needlework  or  Washing  if  required.  Good  characters. — W.  C, 
28,  Effra  Parade,  Brixton.  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). — 
Age  28,  single  ;  ten  years'  experience.  Six  and  a  half 
years'  first-class  character.-— J.  Y.,  51,  Bradford  Road,  Well's 
Road,  Sydenham,  Kent. 

r^  ARDENER  (Second  or  Single-handed). 

VJ  — Age  2.T;  ten  years'  experience  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession.  Good  character.  —  McLAREN,  The  Gardens, 
Beech  Lodge,  Watford,  Herts. 

ARDENER  (Under),    Inside    and    Out.— 

Age  22 :  four  years'  good  personal  character.     Six  years' 
experience.— B.  WELCH,  7,  Stanhope  Koad,  North  Finchley. 

GARDENER  (Under,  in  large  establishment, 
or   Single-handed). — Age   24  ;     good   references. — 
FRED.  NEVILLE,  near  Gas  Works,  Bishop's  StorttorJ,  Herts. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  25 ; 
eleven  years'  experience  in  all  branches.      First-class 
references.— G.  LEWIS.  32,  The  Mount,  Frankwell,  Shrewsbury. 

FOREMAN. — Age  22 ;  seven  years'  experience 
in  all  branches.    Good  Grape  Thinner.    Excellent  charac- 
ter.—E.  C,  24.  Lot's  Koad,  Chelsea.  S.W, 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  private 
estiiblishment, — Seven  years'  experience  ;  well  up  in 
Propagating  and  Growing  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Good  character. — For  further  particulars,  please  apply  to 
H.  CKUX,  Camden  Nursery,  Sissinghurst,  Kent. 

ROWER  of   Hard  and   Soft-wooded  Plants 

for  Market  purposes. — Young  and  practical.     Six  years' 
experience. — W.  H.,  The  Nursery,  Wembley,  Harrow. 

To  Gentlemen  and  Nurserymen. 

FRUIT  GROWER.— Used  to  Vines,  Early  and 
Late  Peaches,  Tomatos.  Cucumbers,  Mushroom  Ridges 
and  Frames.  Handy  at  Repairs;  good  Glazier  and  Painter. 
No  objection  in  small  place  to  keep  Houses  in  Repair  in  slack 
time.  Disengaged  shortly.— GARDENER,  24,  MTanor  Lane, 
Lee,  Kent. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses,  in  a 
good  Garden  establishment.- Age  22 ;  eight  years'  expe- 
rience. Two  years  present  place.  Highly  recommended. — 
F.  PRICE,  Ewell  Road,  Surbiton. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment,— Age  21 ;  two  years  in  lastsituation  witha  Noble- 
man. Can  be  well  recommended.— R.  WEBR,  Post  Office, 
Duxford,  Cambs. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  22  ;  five  years'  experience.  Good  knowledge  of  Fruits 
and  Flowers.  Three  years'  character  in  last  situation.  — 
CHARLES  SMITH,  Smalley,  Derby. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  establishment  of  Lady 
or  Gentleman. — Age  22  ;  seven  years'  experience.     Good 
character,- HENKY  KEKR,  Ladygate,  Breightmet,  Bolton. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;  age  21.— 
Alfred  Smets,  The  Gardens,  WoUescote  House,  near 
Stourbridge,  wishes  to  recommend  a  steady  and  obliging  young 
man  as  above.    Three  years'  good  character, 

JOURNEYMAN,   or    SECOND    in    a    small 
place.— Age  2h;    well   recommended.— H.  APPLETON, 
Easby  Abbey.  Richmond,  Yorkshire. 

To  NurserymezL 

B UDDER  and   GRAFTER.— Age  23;   eight 
years    with  W.   Paul.     Good  references.— H.    PIPER, 
Framfield,  Hawkhurst,  Sussex. 

TO  NURSERY'MEN,  &c.— A  young  Man  (age 
23),  used  to  General  Work  in  a  Nursery,  requires  a  per- 
manent situation.  Thoroughly  respectable.  Good  references. 
—ABSTAINER,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W,C. 

'yO      NURSERYMEN     and    MARKET 

X     GROWERS.— A  situation   in   a  Market  Firm   wanted. 


'I^'O    NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,   by  a  youth 

JL  (age  18),  a  situation  in  a  Nursery.  Three  years'  good 
character  from  last  situation. — A.  MAJOR,  Ivy  Laue,  Stainea 
Road,  Hounslow,  Middlesex. 

'^rO  HEAD  GARDENERS.— Lewis  Jordan, 

X  Brampton  Park  Gardens,  Huntingdon,  will  be  glad  to 
recommend  a  strong  active  young  man,  age  20  ;  used  to  General 
Gardening. 

^rO    GARDENERS   and  NURSERYMEN.— 

X.      A  young  Man  (age  20)  i 
Nursery.  Goodcharac 

O      GENTLEMEN      and      MARKET 

GARDENERS.- Wanted  by  a  respectable  young  man  a 
situation  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden  or  a  Market  Gardener's 
Business,  and  make  himself  generally  useful.  Outdoor  work 
preferred.- J.  MARSTON,  Enderby,  near  Leicester, 

Seed  and  Nursery  Trade. 

MANAGER, — Advertiser,  well  known  in  the 
Trade,  requires  re-engagement  as  Manager;  highest 
references,  and  can  introduce  valuable  connection.  Would 
not  object  to  '*  work  up  "  a  new  or  deteriorating  establish- 
ment.— Address,  in  strictest  confidence,  NOVELTY.  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

BOOK-KEEPER.— Wanted,  by  a  man  of  much 
experience,  a  position  as  Book-keeper,  Highest  refer- 
ences as  to  ability,  stability,  and  integrity. — J.  B.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

To  Seedsmen. 

SHOPMAN  (Head,  or  Second).— Thorough 
knowledge  of  Seed  Trade,  and  capable  of  keeping  a  set  of 
Books,  First-class  references  from  present  and  past  employers. 
— A.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 


.^i 


'  HOPMAN  ;   age  22. — Thos.  Butcher  can  re- 

Kj  commend  A,  Naylor  to  any  Firm  requiring  a  reliable 
hand,  having  had  four  years'  general  Counter-work  with  him. 
He  has  a  fair  knowledge  of  Plants,  and  their  value.  Can 
Assist  at  Books.- A.  NAYLOR,  Thos.  Butcher,  London  Road 
Nursery,  Croydon, 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant).— Age  21 ;  five  years' 
experience.      Good    knowledge    of    Plants  and  General 
Nursery  Stock,— JNO.  HARDING,  St.  Neots,  Hunts. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant). — Age  19;  five  years' 
experience.  Can  assist  in  Flower  Department.  Good 
references. — A.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

O     ESTATE     OWNERS.— Wanted,    by     a 

young  Man,  situation  as  Painter,  Glazier,  Grainer,  Sec, 
on  Estate,  or  other  permanent  position.  Good  all-round  hand. 
Abstainer. — G.  H.,  Gardeners'  Chrorticle  Office,  44,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


HOLLO  WAY'S  PILLS.  — The  stomach  and 
its  troubles  cause  more  discomfort  and  bring  more 
unhappiness  than  is  commonly  supposed.  The  thousand  ills 
that  settle  there  may  be  prevented  or  dislodged  by  the 
judicious  use  of  these  purifying  Pills,  which  act  as  a  sure, 
gentle,  anti-acid  aperient,  without  annoying  the  nerves  of  the 
most  susceptible  or  irritating  the  most  delicate  organisation. 
Holloway's  Pilis  will  bestow  comfort  and  confer  relief  on  every 
headache,  dyspeptic,  and  sickly  sufferer,  whose  tortures  make 
him  a  burden  to  himself  and  a  bugbear  to  his  friends.  These 
Pills  have  long  been  the  popular  remedy  for  a  weak  stomach, 
for  a  disordered  liver,  ora  paralysed  digestion,  which  yield  with- 
out difficulty  to  their  regulating,  pui^iying,  and  tonic  qualities. 


32 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONIC  L  E, 


[July  2,  1887. 


ARNER'S      CELEBRATED 

JUAJECTS 

Two  Prize  Medals 
awardpd  (Ticutta  Ex- 
hib  t    n    :«'^3-4. 

\  ery  easy   to    work, 
•strong — the    best    Im- 
plement   of     it3    type, 
steiti         '  ■ 
\  ery  simple  durable 
for    years 


I  I  k,  ell  for 
it  and  I  think  l>  tl  uroughly  le^d  r  iig  i  uw  t  may  la  t  20 
moie  — \ours  ri^  \  e  tfiiUy  (Signed)         W    Brookes. 

JOHN  \^  ARNLR  and  SONS    H>draulic  and  Hort  cultural 
Engl  neers,     Maiiufacturera     of     Oarden     Eng  ne3,     Syr     Ley 
Fouiitjiins,  &c..  The  Crescent  Foundry,  Cripplegate,  Londo 
E.C.,  and  The  Foundry  Works.  Walton-on-the-Naze,  Essex 

To  be  obtaiue<i    of  every  Ironmonger  and   Plumber    n    tl  e 
Kinj^dom. 


PORTABLE     CUCTJMBER    FRAMES. 

I>     HAL  LI  DAY      and      CU.    desire    to 
V«     draw  special  attention   to  their    Cutumber   Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have  a  large  stock,   ready  glazed  and 
painted.     They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  : —  £  s.  d. 

2-light  frame,  8  feet  by  6  feet  1  p^^vit,.,  i  3  10  0 
3-lightframe.l3feetby6feetV„™7_fJ  5  5  0 
6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet )  ^^*  (      10    0    0 

The  glass  is  nailed  ;iii-I  puHi-d  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  propurtionat^'l)'  Liw  i>rices. 

B.     HALLIDAY      <&      CO., 

Hotho.ii.-  Huild.Ti  nnd  Engineers. 

ROYAL     HdllTRir/rritAL     WORKS,     MroDLETON. 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent,  Mr.  H.  SEELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 
2,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW   LONDON,  E  C 


W  H  LASCFLLFS  AND  CO  «  11  g  ve  Eitimatei  for  eierj 
d«!>criptionof  HORTICLLllPAL  WORK  free  of  charge  and 
send  competent  a-ssi  tants  when  ntcei'mry 

TASCELLES     NEW    ROCKWORK     material    in    Tarioiu 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


Established, 


1818. 


HENRY  HOPE, 

JJorticultural  Builder  and 
JJot-nater  tCngincer, 

06,  Lionel  St.,  Blrmlngliam. 

Plana  and  Kstimateaon 
application. 
1  Workmen  sent  to  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 


"ARCHIMEDEAN- 
AMERICAN  LAWN  MOWERS. 

highesFprize 


Paris  Exhibition,  1878 ; 

and   the    JURY,   in   their  REPORT, 

"  Tlie  '  ARCHIMEDEAN'  did  the 

BEST  WORK  of  any  Lawn 

Mower  exhibited." 

SydneyExhibition,1879-80 
Melbourne  Exhibition/80-1 

opinions  of  the  Press: 

•'  Far  superior  to  any  of  oura." — 
Vide  The  Field. 

"  Remarkably  easy  to  work." — 
Vide  Gardentrs'  Magazine. 

"The  quickest,  most  simple,  and 
most  efficient  mower  ever  used."— 
\'ide  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

"  We  feel  bound  to  recommend  it  to 
our  readers  as  one  of  the  best  mowers 
we  have  as  vet  made  acquaintance 
with."— Vide /Yorai  n'orld. 


PRICES     FROM 

25s, 


SELLING 
AGENTS 


WILLIAMS  &  CO    (Limited),  Manufacturers  and  Patentees 

J.  G.  ROLLINS  &  CO.(LiMiTED)."^^ 

OLD    SWAN    WHARF,    LONDON,    E.G. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,    NORWICH, 

HORTICULTURAL   BUILDERS  aiul  HEATING   ENGINEERS. 

Oiir  GBEEXHOr.SES  and  HEAT- 
ING APPARATUS  are  Erected  in 
every  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

Complete  Ranges  of 

VINERIES 

PEACH    HOUSES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c., 


GARDEN    FRAMES 

of  every  variety  in  stock. 
General  CATALOGUE  Post-free. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE  BUILDERS  and  HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses.  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  coustrurttMi  on  on 

porfectiou  of  growing  hoiLwy.  uud  lor  iiructuiil  utility,  ecuuoiuy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.    We 
and  that  the  vkry  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  <h"'iK'i'''l  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firr 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Uoilers,  erected,  audsuccesa  guarautet 

in  all  ca-ses.    Melou  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  E^timatei  and  Catalog  nex  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 
Our  Masim  is  and  always  has  be«D— 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS, 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addres-ied  to  "  The  Editor;  "  Advertiaements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Offlce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  Londdn,  W.C. 
Printed  by  Willlim  Richabds,  at  the  OPQce  of  Messrs.  Bridbur?,  Aonew  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  Couaty  of  Middlesex,  and  published  by  th« 
id  WlLLLLM  BlOHARDS,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellingtoa  Street,  Pariah  of  St.  Paul'a,  Coveat  Oardeo,  in  the  said  Oount7.— SaTURDAT,  July  3,  18S7.    Agent  for  Manchester— JoHM  Hetwood. 


Established  i84i, 


No.  28.-VOL.  II.  {^Z} 


SATURDAY,  JULY  9,  1887. 


[Regt.  as  a  Newspaper. (PRICE    3d. 

■^  r   F       ^    POST-IBEII,  3id. 


CONTENTS. 


Sotanical  Magazine 

Codouopsia  ovata 

Cypripedium      Lawrence- 

anum  var.  steuosema  ... 

Darwin  medal        

Diaerium  bicomutum 
Exhibition-box,  House's... 

Florists' Flowers 

Forestry      

Fruit  growing       

Fruits  under  glass 
Gardeners'   Orphan   Fund 
Gardening  appointmeut... 
Hardy  fruit  garden 

„     plants,  stray  noteson 
Imperial  Institute 

Iris  Boissieri         

Irish  garden,  an    ... 

Ivy  on  and  under  trees  ... 

Lychnis,  a  hybrid 

Market  fruit  

Moore,  the  late  Mr.  T.    .. 
Notylia  Bungerothii 

Orchid  notes  

PiEonies,  Tree       

Penrhyn  Castle  Gardens 
Plant  portraits      


56 


Plants  and  their  culture    . 

„     certificated 

Phytolacca  electrica 
Red-spider  on  Vines 
Rose  of  Jericho      

.,  show,  the       

Roses  in  pots         

Schomburgkia   Thomsoni- 


Seeds,  preservation  of 

Serkys  Tea 

Silene  pusilla        

Societies : — 

Kational  Rose    

Sunbury  and  Shepperton 

Torquay 

Tacsonia,  hybrid 

Tonquin  Beans      

Trees  and  shrubs 

Tulips,  Florists'    

Vintage  at  Rheims 
Watering  outdoor  plants, 

philosophy  of     

West  Indian  forest,  a 


Illustrations. 

1  bicomutum        

Pasony,  trpe,  Louise  Mouchelet , 

Peach  curl 

Silene  pusilla  

Vintage  at  Rheims , 


NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.— All  Numbers 
of  the  "  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "from  January  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 


Now  ready,  in  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

rHE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  WellingtOD  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


ALEXANDRA        PALACE, 
London.  N. 
GREAT    ROSE   SHOW,    JULY    H,   15,  and  16.      Entries 
Close  July  7,  1887.   For  Schedules  and  full  particulars,  apply  to 
J.  S.  COOKE.  Secretary  of  the  Show,  Alexandra  Palace,  N. 

RIGHTON     and     SUSSEX     FLORICUL- 

TORAL  and  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 
GRAND  SUMMER  EXHIBITION,  JULY  6  and  7,  at  the 
Royal  Pavilion.  Ist  prize  for  10  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
£10.  Ist  prize  for  8  Orchids,  £5.  lat  prize  for  12  Foliaged 
Plants,  £i.  1st  prize  for  48  Roses,  £5.  1st  prize  for  Collection 
of  Fruit,  £5.    Schedules  of  prizes  ready. 

EDWARD  CARPEITTER,  Secretary. 
Secretary's  Office  :  9ti,  St.  James'  Street, 
Eri|;hton,  March  28,  1887. 

ATIONAL         ROSE        SOCIETY 

OF  ENGLAND. 

GRAND  EXHIBITION 

will  be  held  in  the 

WAVERLEY  MARKET,   EDINBURGH, 

WEDNESDAY,  July  13,  1887  ; 

In  connection  with  the  SUMMER  SHOW  of  the 

OYAL      CALEDONIAN      HORTICULTURAL      SOCIETY. 

For  Schedules,  &c.,  apply  to  SECRETARY,  Koyal  Caledonian 

Horticultural  Society,  18,  Waverley  Market,  Edinburgh. 


BIRMINGHAM     BOTANICAL 
and  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY'. 
A  ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held  in  the  Gardens,  Edgbaston,  on 
THURSDAY    and    FRIDAY,    July    14    and    15,    1887.       For 
Schedules  of  Prizes  apply  to 

W.  B.  LATHAM,  Curator. 


HIGHGATE    HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  FLOWER  SHOW  will  be  held  (by  permission 
of  the  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts)  in  the  Grounds  of  Holly  Lodge, 
HighKate,  N.,  on  THURSDAY,  July  21. 

Admission  ;— From  1  o'clock  till  3  o'clock,  2s.  M.  ;    from 
3  o'clock  till  5  o'clock.  Is. ;    from  5  o'clock  till  8  o'clock,  6rf. 
Children  half-price. 
Two  Bands  in  attendance.    Refreshments  on  the  Grounds. 


ROYAL     JUBILEE     EXHIBITION, 
Manchester. 
A  GRAND  ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held  on  FRIDAY,  July  22. 
For  Schedules,  &c.,  apply  to  the  undersigned, 
BRUCE  FINDLAY',  Royal  Botanical  Gardens,  Manchester. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION. 
The  EIGHTH  GRAND  SUMMER  EXHIBITION  of  PLANTS. 
FLOWERS,  FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES,  will  be  held  in  Sefton 
Park,  on  SATURDAY,  July  30.  and  Bank  Holiday,  AUGUST  1. 
Entries  Close  July  23.  Schedules  of  Prizes  can  be  had  on  appli- 
cation to 


THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY  of  SOUTHAMPTON. 
GREAT  SUMMER  SHOW.  SATURDAY  and  MONDAY, 
July  30  and  August  1.  THREE  HUNDRED  POUNDS  in 
PRIZES,  including  £18,  £15,  and  £12,  for  12  Plants  ;  £o  5s., 
£3,  £2  10s.,  and  £1  10s.  for  6  Dishes  of  Fruit;  and  others 
equally  liberal.    Entries  Close  July  23. 

C.  S.  FUIDGE,  Secretary. 
Heckfield  House,  Bevois  Hill.  Southampton. 


WELLINGBOROUGH.— 
A  GRAND  FLORAL  and  HORTICULTURAL  SHOW 
will  be  held  at  Wellingborough,  on  THURSDAY  and  FRIDAY, 
August  4  and  6,  1887.  Open  to  all  England.  Schedules  of 
Prizes  are  now  ready,  and  may  be  obtained  of 

CHAS.J.  K.  WOOLSTONand  l^^^  g^^ 


Wellingborough.    THOMAS  PENDERED, 


V^UMMER        SHOW      at      SUTTON, 

O    AUGUST  10,  1887.     Open  to  all.     12  Plants,  £8,  £6,  £3. 
Other  large  prizes.    Open  to  all.     Particulars  and  Schedules  of 
Mr.  W.  R.  CHURCH,  Sutton,  Surrey. 


>RIMULA,    Double  White,    5s.    per   dozen, 

36s.    per   100. 

Price  for  quantities  on  application. 

Terms,  Cash  with  Order. 

TAYXOK  AXD  CO.,  Nurserj-men.  Timperley.  Cheshire. 


LARGE   SPECIMEN  PLANTS    CHEAP.— 
20     CAMELLIAS,     leading     varieties;      10     fine     Tree 
FERNS,    12  Specimen   Exhibition    HEATHS,  ORCHIDS,  Sic. 
Particulars  from  J.  B.  YOUNG.  Bridge  of  Allan. 


New  Roses  In  Fats. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  sorts  now  ready, 

Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA    and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  5-inch  pots,  carefully 

packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  153. 
HALF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  8s. 
EWING  AND  CO., 
Sea  View  Nurseries,    Havant,    Hampahire. 


PEACHES  !  NECTARINES  !  GRAPES  !  &c. 
— Highest  Market  Prices  guaranteed  for  really  good  and 
well  packed  fruit  of  above.— WISE  and  RIDES,  Covent  Garden. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 
Nurserymen,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,    Covent    Garden,    W.C,    are    open    to    RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 


WANTED,  Large  PALMS,  TREE  FERNS, 
and  other  large  ORNAMENTAL  FOLIAGED  PLANTS, 
in  EXCHANGE  for  ORCHIDS  or  OTHER  PLANTS.  Send  full 
particulars  to 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  COMPANY  (John 
Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston, 
Liverpool. 


CamelUas,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons.  Palms,  OTcUds, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

(^         VUYLSTEKE,        Nubsebyman, 

\J^  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


Fancy  and  Shcv  Fansles  and  Violas. 

JOHN  DOWNIE  (late  of  the  Firm  of  Downie 
&  Laird)  invites  inspection  of  his  magnificent  coUectioa 
of  the  above  at  his  Beechill  Nursery.  Murrayfield,  Edinburgh. 
Quality  only  grown. 

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growng  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS— "  PTERIS,"  LONDON. 

E    L    W    A    Y         AND         SON. 

KELWAY'S    "MODEL"    CALCEOLARIA. 
KELWAY'S    "MODEL"    CINERARIA. 
Price  of  Seed  on  application. 
LangiKirt,   Somerset. 

A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamserops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 
G.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 

I     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now    ready,  and 
be  had  free  on  application  to 
Messrs.   R.   SILBERRAD  AND    SON,  25,   Savage  Gardens, 


K 


C 


Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— 
Eighteenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  Is.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  10s.  per  100.  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Volonte  Nationaie  alba, 
the  best  winter  white  PELARGONIUM,  strong  rooted  plants, 

'  JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 


Rhododendrons. 

JOHN  WATERER  and  SON'S  EXHIBITION 
of  these  Plants  is  now  on  View  Daily,  at  the  Gardens  of 
Cadogan  Place,  Sloan e  Street. 

Admittance.  One  Shilling. 


H 


Begonias  a  Specialty. 
T  AING'S  BEGONIAS.— Awarded  the  Jubilee 

J-^     Gold  Medal  at  Manchester,  and  two  Gold  Medals  by  the 
Royal    Horticultural    Society   previously,    also  26    First-class 
Certificates  this  season,  to  our  novelties,  being  evidence  of 
quality.     Descriptive  Price  LIST  free  on  application. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

AND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 

above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

STRAWBERRIES  for  Forcing.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  maybe  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3d.—W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Drifheld. 

lELD    AND     HEARSON'S    NICOTYL 

VAPORISER.      For    the    Destruction    of   Aphis,    &c., 
WrrHOUT  SMOKE.    CATALOGUE  post-free. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.,   75a.  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
E.C. ;  Dep6t.  Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists.  Seedsmen.  Horticultural  Builders.  &c. 

Plants,  Flowkrs,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.    WELCH   begs  to    call    particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING    BOOKS.     MAGAZINES,     CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 
ADDRESS; — 25,    Wellington    Street,    Strand,  Loudon,    W.C. 


34 


THE     GABDENEFS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JDI.T  9,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 


Friday  Next. 
VAIUABLE   ESTABLISHED   ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instru.'ted  by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London, 
E.G..  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  15,  at  half-past  12  o'clock 
precisely,  a  splendid  and  healthy  lot  of  rare  and  valuable 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS.  Amongst  many  others  the  follow- 
ing will  be  offered  : — 


Dendrobium        iniundibulum, 

Odontoglossum       Alexandrse, 

fine  specimen 

very  distinct  variety 

,,     Brymeriaiium 

Cattleya  Mossiee  matutina 

,,    thyrsiflonim.  fine  speci- 

„    Acltlandiff 

men 

»,    giga^,  splendid  speaimen 

,,    crassinode,     m     flower, 

,,    maxima  Peruviensis 

marvellous  variety 

„    Gaskelhana.        splendid 

Cypripedium  caudatum,  large 

plants,  well  sheathed 

plant 

Sobralia  macrantha 

,.    prffi-stana 

Oncidium      nigratum,      large 

,,     stenophyllum 

plant 

„    Sedeni  auperbum 

Galeandra  Baueri 

Paphinia  grandis 

Masdevallia  acrochordonia 

Odontoglossum      Hrnbyanum, 

,,     elephanticeps 

rare 

And  many  other  choice  Orchids 

On  view  morning  of  Sa 

e,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Flowering  Orchids.    Special  Sale,  July  26. 

MESSRS.  PRUTHEKOE  and  MURRIS 
desire  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS  in  Flower  or  Bud  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY, 
July  26,  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  NOTICE  of 
ENTRIES  as  early  as  posssble^ 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7344.) 
SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden. 
W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  July  13,  at  half-past  12 
o'clock  precisely,  a  hne  lot  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  and 
BUD,  comprising  Cattleya  Sanderiana,  C.  Gaakelliana ;  rare 
Cypripediums;  hne  forms  of  Odontoglossum  Pescatorei  and  O. 
Alexandree,  O.  vexillarium.  with  fifteen  spikes ;  Lffilia  elegans, 
Oncidium  macrauthum,  Dendrobium  thyrsillorum,  and  Disa 
grandiHora,  a  lew  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7444.) 

VALUABLE      IMPORTED      ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his  SALE 
by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  July  13,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander, 
valuable  Importations  of  the  following  ORCHIDS,  the  whole 
of  which  are  in  excellent  condition ; — Cattleya  velutina,  C. 
.superba  splendens,  Rio  Negro  variety ;  Epidendrum  bicornu- 
tum,  Stanhopea,  probably  new ;  Epidendrum  Stamfordianum, 
Oncidium  iridifolium,  a  very  pretty  free-blooming  species; 
Zygopetalum  rostratum,  Bifrenaria,  species ;  Cyrtopodium, 
species ;  Burlingtonia  f  ragrans,  Oncidium  varicosum  Rogersii, 
several  Epidendrums,  of  sorts,  and  other  choice  Orchids.  Also 
consignments  of  Oncidium  Sarcodes,  Sophronitis  grandiflora, 
and  Cattleya  Aclandise,  just  received  direct. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7445.) 
CATTLEYA  SANDERIANA,  an  importation  of  this  most  beau- 
tiful Cattleya  in  fine  condition ;  C.  MOSSLE,  C.  MEN- 
DELn,  ODONTOGLOSSUM  CRISPUM,  the  best  type  and 
in  splendid  order;  PILU.M.S'A  NOBILIS,  LYCASTE  SKIN- 
NERI,  ODONTOGLOSSUM  GRANDE,  &c.,  from  Messrs. 
Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  the  above  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  July  14.  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7445.) 

L^LIA  Pl'KPURATA,  &c. 

MR,  J.  0.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT.  July  14, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely.  Ijy  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander, 
L^LLA  PURPURATA,  ju-l  r.  .I'.i  m  .xtra  tiue  condition  ; 
the  masses  are  very  comi      i      .      :  large,   and  of  line 

shape.      Also  fine    impun  ,     ,        ,  I. .llowing  rare    aud 

desirable  species: —  CAT  11.1.1  \  Is  I  i  UMEDIA,  C.  LEO- 
POLDIl.  GO.SGORA  SPECU-,.5,  Z'i u.  Ji  i.lALUM  SPECIES, 
ONCIDIUM  MARSHALLIANUM,  large  bulbed  pieces;  O. 
CRISPUM,  CATILEYA  HARRISONM,  ZYGOPETALUM 
CRINITUM.  snLTONIA  REGNELLI,  STANHOPEA  SPE- 
CIES, and  many  other  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


London,  S.£. 

TO    BE    SOLD,    a    capital    NURSERY.    2h 
Acres  of  GROUND.  7  GREENHOUSES  and  RESIDENCE. 
Bent  £4i.    Price  JEIUO,  including  STOCK. 

Full  Particulars  of  PKOTHEKOE  and  MORRIS,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 

OR   SALE,  a  good  established   SEED  and 

NURSERY  BUSINESS  in  Y'orkshire.  There  is  a  large 
aud  profitable  Farm  and  Market  Garden  Seed  Business  done, 
as  well  as  a  Branch  Shop  in  a  most  fashionable  Watering  Place. 
To  a  practical  business  man  with  capital  this  is  a  rare  oppor- 
tunity. If  not  Disposed  of,  a  suitable  PARTNER  may  be  taken. 
For  full  particulars.  Sec,  address,  S„  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E.C. 


FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imrie's 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-known  NURSERY 
BUSINESS  so  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 
Trees  and  Shrubs.  Further  particulars  on  application  to 
IMRIE  AND  COMPANY,  The  Nurseries,  Ayr,  N.B. 


FOR   SALE,  a  MARKET  NURSERY,  -well 
stocked.     Long  lea.se.     At  valuation,  or  a  PARTNER 
ACCEPTED.    Freehold  could  be  Purchased. 

A.  B.,  28,  Coleoso  Road,  Clajiton  Park,  London,  N. 


To  Gardeners,  Florists,  and  Others. 

TO     BE      DISPOSED     OF,     the     unexpired 
LEASE.  20  years,  of  a  small  compart  FLORIST'S  BUSI- 
NESS, consisting  of  five  well-heated  Greenhouses ;  large  Garden. 
For  particulars  apply  to  E.    OSMAN,   Goldsworth    Road, 
Woking,  Surrey. 


To  Florists. 

TO  BE  LET,  for  the  Culture  and  Exhibition 
of  Flowers  and  Plants  under  Ghiss.  an  extensive  area  of 
LAND  adjoining  Kennington  Park,  in  front  of  South  Place  and 
Newington  Terrace. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  MEYNELL  AND  PEMBERTON,  Solicitors. 
20,  Whitehall  Place,  S.W.;  or,  to  Mes.srs.  BRIANT  and  SONS, 
Estate  Agents,  200.  Kennington  Park  Road,  S.E. 

To  Florists  and  Others. 

TO  BE  LET,  at  Hampton,  Jliddlesex,  Detached 
HOUSE,  Coach-house,  and  Stable,  with  2  to  3  ACRES 
of  good  Loamy  LAND,  Gravel  Subsoil.  Excellent  supply  of 
well-water.  Rent,  with  2  Acres,  50  Guineas  per  annum,  on 
lease.     Apply,  by  letter,  to 

W.  H.  HUTCHINSON,  St.  Mary's  Road,  Long  Ditton. 

''PO   LET,  a  small,  compact  NURSERY  and 

JL  SEED  BUSINESS.  Well  situated  in  a  large  town  short 
distance  from  London.  Cash  required  £250,  which  includes 
Stock.  Fittings,  and  Fixtures ;  also  good  Horse  and  Van. 

Full  particulars  of  HORTUS,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Straud.  W.C. 


GARDENERS'  ORPHAN  FUND. 

N  OTIC  E. 

The  FIRST  GENERAL  MEETING 
of  the  Supporters  of  this  Fund  will  be  held  in 
the  Conservatory  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  South  Kensington, S.W.,  on  TUESDAY, 
July  12,  at  3  P.M.,  to  receive  and  adopt  the 
Report  of  the  Provisional  Committee,  as  a  basis 
upon  which  to  establish  the  Gardeners'  Orphan 
F"'und ;  to  elect  Officers,  Executive  Committee,  &c. 

It  is  hoped  that  all  sympathisers  with  the 
movement  will  make  it  convenient  to  attend. 

A.  F.  BARRON,  Hon.  Secretary. 


GERMAN  LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY.— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.     Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DASIMAisN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


O  AMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect 

O     House.  Belper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  tlie  following,  of 
which  he  makes  a  Specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  —  PRIMULAS  —PRIMULAS.  —  Grand  Premier 
Prize  and  Covent  Garden  strains  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
Pure  White.  Carmine,  Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  &c.  Fine  large 
trusses  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers ;  strong  plants,  to  bloom 
well,  lj.3rf.  per  doz;  extra  strong,  Ix.  6rf.;  9s.perl00.    All  free. 

CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS.  —  Bull's 
celebrated  prize  strain,  dwarf,  compact  habit  aud  most 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants, 
la.  3d  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong,  l5.  6d. ;  its.  per  100.     All  free, 

CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN.  —  Same  grand 
strain  and  from  the  same  celebrated  growers  that  I  have  sent 
out  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  witli  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit.  1  year  old  plants,  Is.Cd. 
per  dozen;  extra  strong,  2s.;  10s.  per  100.  All  carriage  free. 
SAMUEL  SHEPPEKSON.  Flurist.  I'rD4i..H't    House.  Belper. 


HOOPER   &    CO.,    Lim., 

COVENT    GABDEN   LONDON. 


Sow  Now  for  Early  Flowering  in  Spring. 

KOEMER'S    SUPEKi;     I'Rl/E     I'ANSIES. 
'    ty  Tlie  finest  strain  of  Pansies  in  tlie  world.  ^1 
C.\TALOGUE  gratia  and  postfree  on  application. 
FEIEUR.  KOE.MER.  Seed  Grower,  Quedlinburg,  tiermany. 


"  '  Q IR  WATKIN '  is  the  best  and  largest  Nar-  " 

V^  "  ciss,  also  deliciously  scented.  Special  prices  also  " 
"  of  '  Emperor  '  Narciss,  and  all  other  Flowering  Bulbs  on" 
"  application." 

JAS.  DICKSON  &  BONS.  *'  Newton  "  Nurseries.  Chester. 
^i\  i\i\i\    CLEMATIS,   in  Pots,   of   all   the 

OV/^V/V.'\/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  ore  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  125.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5|-inrh  pots,  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  appli.ation.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  S''.'(i  MiTrli;iTi(s.  Worcester. 


EAST  LOTHIAN  INTERMEDIATE  STOCKS. 

THOMAS  METli\  i';N  AND  SUNS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  th..-  iiWve.  in  flve  varieties, 
viz..  Scarlet,  Purple.  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-lpiived, 
at  Is.,  2s.  6rf.,  and  59.  each  colour.  Price  to  the  Trade  on 
application. 

By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 


BEGONIAS. 

For  bedding-out  or  pots,  splendid  varieties.     These  are  seed- 
lings that  can  be  thoroufjhly  recommended. 

Per  dozen,  4s.,  post-free. 

GLOXINIAS. 

Seedlings  of  our  magniticent  strains,  not  eijualled  by  any  in 
existence  that  we  are  aware  of.     The  most  superb  of  house 

plants.  In   thumb-pots,  6s.   dozen. 

PETUNIA  HOOPER'S  EMPRESS. 

A  lovely  soft  pink.  pHrte.tly  double,  and  of  splendid  habit. 

Is.  each ;  7s.  6d.  dozen. 

SGHUBERTIA  GRANDIFLORA. 

A  new  plant  of  gre:it  merit,  destined  to  take  a  prominent 
position  as  one  of  the  best  noveltie-S  introduced  for  many  years. 
It  flowers  profusely  in  clusters,  shape  of  the  Allamanda,  pure 
white,  deliciously  scented,  and  lasting  a  long  time  in  water  ; 
flowers  large  and  of  good  substance.  For  cut  blooms  and 
decorative  purposes  it  is  unique  ;  the  culture  most  simple  in 
the  ordinary  greenhouse  or  conservatory. 

lOs.  6d.  and  218.  each. 
HOOPER  &  CO.,  Limited,  Covent  Garden. 
rOR     PRESENT     &     LATER     SOWING. 

CHOICEST  FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

Superb  Strains  of  AURICULA,  BEGONIA, 
CALCEOLARIA,      CINERARIA,     CARNA- 
TION, GLOXINIA,  PRIMULA,  &c.,  the  finest 
in  cultivation,  per  packet  Is.,  is.  Qd.,  and  '2s.  &d. 
Seeds  &  Plants  of  every  description. 

Priced   CiTALOGUES  post-free. 

"James  Dickson  <&  Sons," 

"ROYAL"    SEED    WAREHOUSE, 

108      EASTGATE       ST., 
CHESTER. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,   containing   "Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive      "List    of    New,    Ra.be,    Aia> 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Habdy  Nobth  AMERiciK  Ferms," 

free  on  application. 


W.   &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


15,000  TEA  ROSES, 

Consisting  of  the  following  and  numerous 

other  varieties, 

AH  fine  plants,  in  5}  and  6  Incli  pots  :— 

Souvenir  de  Paul  Nehon 
Isabella  Sprunt 
Madam  Bravv 
Waltham  Climber  No.  2 
Sunset 

NiPHETOS 

Gloire  de  Dijon 

Madame  Cusine 

Thk  Pet 

Puke  of  Connaught 

Adam 

Alba  rosea 

goubault 

Waltham  Climber  No.  3 

Climbing  Devoniensis 

12s.,  15s.,  &18s.  per  doz.,  according  to  size. 
The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be 
unsurpassed  by  any  in  the  country :  they  are 
clean,  healthy,  and  vigorous,  and,  should  any 
purchaser  be  dissatisfied  -with  them,  they  may  be 
at  once  returned. 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 
LISTS,  with  full  particular. %  pout-free,  on 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE    VINEYARD    k   NURSERIES, 
GARSTON,  NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


Mar^chal  Niel 

Pekle  des  Jardins 

Safrano 

Reint.  Marie  Hexbiette 

Comtesse  de  Nadaillac 

Souvenir  d'un  Ami 

Catkerine  Mermet 

HOM^RE 

Waltham  Climber  No.  1 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam 
W.  A.  Richardson 
Perle  de  Lyon 
Etoile  de  Lton 
Madame  Lambard 
Devoniensis 


JuLT  9.  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


35 


WINE         GROWERS'         AGENTS. 


JOHN  C.  HANDS  &  CO., 

Old-established  Wine  and  Spirit  Merchants. 

GOOD      DINNER      CLARETS     fi'om      12s.    6d.     per     dozen. 

SOLE    AGENTS    F(IR 

GEVENCEY  CHAMPAGNE  (Sp^cialitt^),  30s.  per  dozeu. 


99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 


FINEST      LILY      OF      THE      VALLEY 
CROWNS    for  Early  Forcing,   by    Oustay  A,   Schultz, 
Berlin.    For  price  wTite  to 

JACOB  Ajro  VALENTIN,  h6.  Cheapside,  London.  E.C. 


CARTERS' 

VICTORIA  PRIZE  CALCEOLARIA. 

AWARDED 

First  Prize   (opeu  to  Eng- 
hiii.n,  Crystal  Palace     ...  188.3 

Tlie    Second    Prize,    Royal 
Horticultural  Society    ...  188.T 

The  Extra    Prize,    Crystal 
Palace         1884 

Bronze  Medal,    Royal    Bo- 
tanic Society        1884 

Large  Bronze  Medal,  Royal 
Botanic  Society 1883 

Banksian     Medal,      Roval 
Horticultural  Society  * ...  ISS.^ 

The  Silver  Medal.  Ceylon...  1887 
FINEST    MIXED    SEED, 

Price  Is.  6d.,  2a.  6d.,  3s.  6(1.,  &  5s.  pkt.,  post-free. 

SEEDS>rEV  TO  H.M.    THE  QUEEN  AND  H.R.H.   THE 


Pri: 


:  OF  Wales. 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


Appointed  by 


Special  Warrant. 


SUPERB    STRAINS    OF 

FLORISTS'   FLOWERS. 

The  following  are  saved  regardless  of  trouble  and  eipense,  from 
the  moat  refined  and  beautiful  strains  in  existence  ;~ 

PRIMULAS  in  variety,  CINERARIAS,  CAL- 
CEOLARIAS, GLOXINIAS,  BEGONIAS, 
CARNATIONS,  AURICULAS,  POLYAN- 
THUS, &c.,  per  packet,  \s.,  Is.  Sd.,  and  2s.  6rf. 

Illustrated  Descriptwe  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons, 

THE  QUEEN'S  SEEDSMEN, 

CHESTER. 

SPECIALTIES. 

TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 

CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TKACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion. Price,  6^.  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  6d.  per 
cake  :  free  by  parcel  post.  Is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  withoursignatureattached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Ni 


A  WONDERFUL  SIGHT  OF  FLOWERS. 


Wiring  mw  ■See^U. 


HOME    OF    FLOWERS. 


HCAjSTNELL  AND  SONS  having  partially 
•  discontinued  exhibiting,  their  Stock  has  increa.sed  im- 
mensely, and  the  Nursery  never  looked  so  glorious  and  complete 
as  now.  Our  BEGONIAS.  PELARGONIUMS,  VERBENAS, 
FUCHSIAS.  COLEUS.  PETUNIaS.  ACHDIENES.  CARNA- 
TIONS, PICOTEES.  CANNAS.  ROSES,  PANSIES.  HER- 
BACEOUS, ALPINE,  and  other  numerous  plants  are  blooming 
lovely,  and  the  finest  floral  sight  ever  seen.  The  many 
novelties  form  a  most  important  feature  all  in  the  trade  should 
see.  The  three  first-mentioned  families  are  the  finest  and  most 
exquisite  ever  seen,  and  as  regards  ne;ir  perfectiou  they  stand 
far  ahead  of  any  hitherto  exhibited. 


H.  CANNELL  &  SONS, 

SWAN  LEY,     KENT, 


New  Fern,  Adlantiim  cuneatum  elegans. 
pHAKLES     KKKSHAW     now     offers     this 

\J  beautiful  FERN,  which  will  probably  supersede  all  others 
for  cutting  and  decorative  purposes.  Mr.  Moore  says :—"  This 
is  an  elegant  variety  of  the  old  favourite  Adiantum  cuneatum  ; 
its  light  airy  appearance  gives  it  a  perfect  claim  to  the  title  of 
elegans  which  we  propose  to  apply  to  it." 

Extra  strong  plants,  a  foot  across,  with  from  ,30  to  50  fronds, 
each.  2s.  6rf.,  or  free  per  parcel  post,  3s.     Price  to  the  Trade 
on  application. 
CHARLES  KERSHAW,  The  Slead  Syke  Nurseries,  Brighouse. 


PEAT   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 
Verj'  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Mascal  Estate,  North  Cray,  Kent. 

G GARDEN  and  FARM  REQUISITES.— 
W  Archangel,  Petersburg,  Garden  and  Packing  MATS  of 
e%-ery  description.  KAFFIA,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  CLOTH  ; 
GREENHOUSE  SHADINGS  of  all  kinds;  PEAT,  LOAM, 
SILVER-SAND,  and  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE;  GARDEN 
NETTING  and  TOOLS ;  RICK-CLOTHS  and  TARPAULINS 
for  sale  or  hire;  MARQUEE,  TENT,  and  FLAG  Makers; 
JUBILEE  TENT,  26s.  each,  complete. 

SLY,  DIBBLE  and  CO..  129,   Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Illustrated  Catalogues  post-free. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

TWU   PrIZK  JlEDiLS.  

Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.    (All  sacka  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ...    hs.  per  sack  ;  h  sacks  for  22s.  6rf. 

PEAT,  best  black  librouM     ...  \&,<ad.    ,,        5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    6s.  6rf.    ,,        5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...      ^ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best      (is.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  6i.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    id:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialite)      id.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack  ...    6s.  per  bushel. 

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-^  In  bags. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  ^.^^ -^ 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  fTins.  71b.  141b.  281b.  661b.  1  cwt. 
Fruits,  Vegetables,  &c.     ...J    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality        1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    3/-    6/6    10/6    17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  U.  per  bushel 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  Is.  each ;  10  sacks,  t»s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s.  ■ 
30  sacks.  26s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail. 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONBON,  E. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

4rf.  per  bushel ;  ion  fur  25.?. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40.S', ;  4-bushel  bugs,  4rf.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  6ii.  per  sack ;  6  sacks, 
25s.  ;  sacks,  4rf.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  6  sacks,  22s.  j  sacks, 
id.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  M.  per  bushel;  16s.  per  half 
ton ;  26s.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags,  4rf.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  suck. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRGIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  cjilled  Ui,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

SEALED  BAGS  ONLY, 

7  lb.       14  lb.      28  lb.       56  lb.        1  cwt. 


2/6    4/6    7/6  12/6   20/- 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE  MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,    LONDON,    E. 


MYOCQM  FLY  GUM. 

Catches  FLIES,  MOSQUITOS,  WASPS,  &c. 

Sample  Box,  Post-free  for  Is. 

T.  CHRISTY  &  CO.,  2.5,  Lime  St.,  London,  E.C, 
THE       ACME 


a^a^ 


Safe  and  Sure. 

WEED-KILLER,  for  destroying  Weeds  on  Carriage  Drives, 
Garden  Walks,  Stable  Yards,  &c.  Prices:  Per  gallon,  2^., 
tins  included  ;  5  gallons,  l.s.  6rf.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallons,  Is  4rf. 
per  gallon.  Special  quotations  for  larger  quantities.  One 
gallon  makes  2tj  gallons, 

WORM-KILLER,  for  eradicating  worms  from  Tennis 
Courts,  Lawns,  and  Plants  in  Pots.  Prices;  In  bottles, 
Is.  Zd.  and  2s.  6*^  ;  per  gallon.  6s. 

KENTISH    GARDEN    MANURE. 

FOR  ATNES,  PLANTS  IN  POTS,  VEGETABLES,  &c. 

Guaranteed  to  Analysis  by  Mr.  Bernard  Dyer,  B.Sc,  F.C.S., 
F.I.C.  London,  Official  Analyst  to  the  Essex.  Devon,  Notts, 
and  other  Agricultural  Societies.  Highly  recommended.  The 
best  Horticultural  Manure  in  the  mariiet. 

Prices:  In  tins,  M.,   Is.,  and  2s.  6rf. ;    in  bags,  containing 
28  lb.,  7s.  6rf.;  ditto.  1  cwt.,  25s.     Sample  tin,  m.,  post-free. 
THE    KENTISH    SOLUBLE    MANURE. 

For  use  in  Conservatories  and  on  Plants  in  rooms.  No  dis- 
agreeable smell.  A  perfect  plant  food.  In  tins,  \id.,  %d.,  and 
2s. ;  in  bags,  containing  28  lb.,  7s.     Sample  tin,  post-free,  6d. 

KENTISH    LAWN    FERTILISER. 

Imparts     permanent    improvement    to    LAWNS,     CRICKET 

GROUNDS,  &c.     t'8  lb.,  bs. ;  66  lb.,  8s.  6d. ;  1  cwt.,  15s. 

THE    "INVICTA"    INSECTICIDE. 

For  destroying  insects  and  parasites  on   Plants  and  Trees, 

such  as  mealy-bug,  scale,  thrips,  red  spider,  American  blight, 

&c.     In  tins.  Is.  3d.  and  2s.  6rf ;  per  gallon,  9s.     Small  tins 

make  upwards  of  14  gallons  of  wa.sh. 

THE    "INVICTA"    MILDEW    DESTROYER. 

An  unfailing  remeily  lor  mould  and  mildew  on  Roses,  Vines, 
&c.     In  tins.  Is,  and  'Js. 


Particulars  free  from  the  Manufacturers, 

THE  AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 

TON^BRIDGE,     KENT. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

Address,  H.  A.  GRINDROD,  Tonbridge. 


36 


THE     OABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JoiY  9,  1887. 


CARTERS' 

BRILLIANT  pRIZ_E  QINERARIA. 


Mh 


r  Medal  Royal  Botanic 
ety 


Banksian     Medal.     Royal 

Hurticultural  Society ... 
t-xfru  and  Seuind  Prize, 

<-  rjstal  Pala<e 

L  ir^e  Bronze  Medal,  Royal 

li  tuniL  feoLiety 

Bunk:,!  in     Medal.     Royal 

li  rtiLultural  Society  ... 
Ba   ksuin     Medal.    Royal 

HurtKultural  Society  ... 

Laif^e Blunge Meilal.Ko>al  Butanic  Soiiety 

FINEST  MIXED  SEED,  containing  Every  Shade  of  Colour, 

Price  is.  6d.,  2b.  6d.,  3s.  6d.  &  6a.  pkt..  post-free 

)  H.R.H.  THE 


883 


TO  H.M.    THE    Qli 


1 237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


"HARTLAND'S'irish  Grown  DAFFODILS. 

CORK,  lUKLANU. 

LISTS  now  ready.      Wliulp^ale  and  Retail  Offers. 

GRAND    BULBS    Of    "GIANT    IRISH    PRINCESS," 

for  Forcing.     Grown  on  muideu  loam. 


ROSES    IN     POTS 


all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18s.  to  36«.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


£5  FIRST  PRIZL/v. 


fX/  "  HOW 

vJ/to  win." 


The  Finest,  Largest,  ami  Earliest       ^^. 
Cabbage    in     cultivation.        It  ^^^C 
weighs  4    lb.  on  May  C,  and 
28  lb.  in  autumn.     Another 
Grand    Competition    wi 
talie  place  July  C,  1888. 
No     Entry     Mou 
Open  to  all.     Par-    X    v 
ticularawithSr    ' 


Price: 

la.  per  oz., 

Free. 


S>'/ 


Mr.  D.  Inolis, 
Howick  Hall, 
nner   of  last   year's 
gratis  with  Seed. 


xi^/iVlEIN'SJVIARVEL  ONION, 


the  it.s 

6d.  per  pkt.,  post-free. 


STUART     &     MEIN, 

KELSO,    SCOTLAND. 


SUTTON'SSEEDS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


GARDENERS^   ORPHAN    FUND. 

Donations  and  Subscriptions  already  Promised  or  Sent. 
THIRD     LIST. 


.,  Harborne  Road, 

,  Carron  Houne,  Falkirk 
;r.  Shandou,  Alnwii 
The    Warren.    Bushey 


Spinka,  \V..  Royal  Ni 

Edgbajiton 
Temple.  W.,  (iardene 
Thompson,  J.,  Gardeu 
Tbompson.    H.    S.    J., 

Heath,  Herts     ... 
Thorn.  W.,  Gardener,  Newton  Don,  Kelso 
Tillvard,  G.  B.,   Gardener,   Brocklesby    Park, 

"Ulceby     

tidale,  J..  Gardener,  Elford  Hall,  Tamworth... 
VowUi,  W.,  Gardener,  Copgrove  Hall.  Leeda... 
Vicary.  W..  Gardener,  Sudbury  House,  Ham- 

meramith.  W 

Veitcb  Sc  Son,  R.,  Royal  Nursery,  Exeter 
Vert.  J.,  Grdur.,  Audley  End.  Saffron  Waldeu 
Weutworth.    J.    F.    L'.    Vernon,    Wentworth 

Castle,  Barni^iley 


',  New  Lodge,  Hawk- 
Inwood   House,  Hen 


Whibley,  A.,    Gard^ 

hurst.  Kent 
Wilkins.  T.,   Gardene 

stridge,  Blaudford 
Walier.  R.,  Gardener.  Gleustal  Castle.  Li 
Webb,  John,  The  Arboretum,  Wood  Lane,  Isle- 
Ward,  T.  C.  ii'.  M.  PoUett  &  Co.,  42  to  48,  Fann 

Street,  E.C 

Wallis.  J.,  Grdr.,  Keele  Hall,  Newcastle.  Staff 
Woodbridge,  J.,  Gardener,  Syon  House,  Brent- 
ford. W 

Wynne.  B.,  17.  Catherine  Street.  Strand,  W.C, 
Young  Men,  Trentham  Hall  Gardens,  Stoke-on- 
Trent        

Young,  N,.  Gardener,  Abberley  Hall,  Stourport 
Miles.  G.  T.,  Grdnr.,  Wycombe  Abbey,  Bucks  1 
Peed  &  Sons,  J.,  Roupell  Park  Nurseries.  S.W.  1 
Brewer.  W.  J.,  c.    o.   H.  M.    Pollett  &    Co., 

Fann  Street,  E.C 

Roberts,  C.  F.,  Gardener,  Copse  Hill,MoretoU' 

i  n-Marsh ... 
Snelling.  D.,  Grdnr.,  Laleham  House,  Staines 
Alexander,  D.,  Gardener,  Brankstone  Grange, 

Alloa,  N.B 

Adama.  W.,  Gardener,  Lyme  Hall,  Stockport 
Aahwood,    H..   Gardener,    Pinewood,  Witley. 

Godalming        

Ajcher.W..  Grdnr..  Hill  House,  Saffron  Walden 
Allsop,  J.,  Gardener,  Dalton  Hall,  Hull 
Armstrong.  J..  Gardener, The  Landing.  Newby 

Bridge,  Ulverstoa       

Alford,  J..  Gardener.  Pyt  House,  Tiabury 
Armstrong,  A.,  Grdnr.,  Ember  Court,  Thames 

Ditton      

Allen,  W.,  Grdnr..  Normanhurst Court,  Battle 
Anness,  T.,  Gardener,  Keswick,  Norwich 
Aslett,  G.,  Gardener.  Warren  Wood,  Hattield . 
Allen,  L.,  Gardener.  Buckhurat,  Wokingham  . 
Anderson.    J.,     The    Cottage,    Gibson's    Hill, 

Norwood  

Allen  Sl  Sons,  John,  Ivy  Bridge  ...         

Arnold,  J.,  Gardener.  Mereden  Hall,  Knutitford 
Amys,  J.,  Gardener,  Hamble  Cliff,  Netley 
Amateur  Gardener,  Bury  St.  EdmundB 
Appleton,G.,The  Gardens,  Tranby  Croft,  Hull 
AUis,  G.  R..  Gardener,  Old  Warden  Park.  Big- 
gleswade...          

Allan,  W.,  Gardener,  Barton  Hall,  Bury  St, 

Edmunds  

"Anonymous,"  Abingdon 

Bailey,  F.  A.,  Grdnr., Rode  Hall. Stoke-on-Trent 
Brown.  W.,  Grdnr.,  Prideaui  Place,  Padstow 

Bull.  F.,  Clairville,  Birkdale       

Bloxham.    G.,    Gardener,    Brickhill    Manor, 

Bletchley 
Blears.  J.,  Gardener,  The  Flosh,  Cieator  vid 

Caruf orth 
Bolas,  G.,  Grdnr.,  Hopton  Hall,  Wirksworth.. 
Batchelor.  H.,  Grdnr.,  Catton  Park.  Norwich 
Brunt.  G.,  Gardener,  Bretby  Park.  Burtou-on 

Trent        

Batts,  C.  Ashley  Clinton,  Lymington 

Bettbsworth.    T.,    Gardener,    Burton   Grange 

Cheahunt.  Herts  

Brownell,  T..    Gardener.   Ryecroft,  Bray,  Co, 

Wickli 
Boatwright,  C,  Gardener,  Moor  Park,  Farn- 

ham,  Surrey       

Bott,  A.,  Bilting,  Wye,  Kent      ... 
Beesley.  J.,  Gardener,  Denbies,  Dorkinj 
Barry.  J.,  1.  Annandale  Road.  Chiswic! 
Burt.  J.,  16.  May  Banlt  Villas,  Hither  Green, 

Lewisham  

Bastin.  G.,  Gardener.  Farm  Hill,  near  Stroud 
Barker,   A.,  Gardener,  Walworth  Castle,  Dar- 

Bisaett,  .1..  Gardener,  Oonholt  Park,  Andov 
Br.-ese,  W.  C.  Grdnr.,  Moreton  Hall,  Congleton 
Bilker.  J.,  Gorey  Lodge,  Grouville,  Jersey 
Barnett,  C,  Gardener,  Hilton  Park,  Wolvei 

iiampton 
Biggs,  E.,  Gard..  Frome,  Whitfield.  Dorchester 
Browning,  A.,  St.  Mary'*  Isle,  Kirkcudbright 


0  10  0 
0  10  6 
0  10    0 


0    6    0 

0     6     0 


Budd.  G.,  Grdnr.,  Wadhurst  Park,  Wadhurst       ... 

Burt,  G.,  Gardener,  Sunningdale,  Ascot      

Blaney,  J.,  Grdnr..  Huntley  Manor,  Gloucester    ... 

Bone.  J.,  Garaener,  Latimers,  Chesham      

Bowler.  J.,  Gardener,  Caldecote,  Nuneaton 
Bartley.J,.  Gardr.,  Wentworth  Castle,  Barualey    .. 
Baldwin,     W.     O.,     Gardener,      Munden     House, 

Watford         

Beckett,  C,  Gardener.  Juniper  Hill,  Dorking 
Berry,  J.,  Gardener,  Hall  Place,  Tonbridge 
Burgesi,  J.,  Grd.,  StitchworkPark.Nawmarket     .. 
Bartleman,     A..    Gardener,     Longridge    Towers, 

Berwick-on-Tweed 

Buckerfield,  T.,    Gardener,  Shirburn  Castle,  Tits- 
worth,  Oxon 

Button,  H.,Ro/el  Manor  Lodge,  St.  Martin's,  Jersey 
Bradley,  E.  H.,  The  Woodland  Gardens,  Bradford  . 
Berry,  J.,  Gardener,  Woodville  Hall.  Dover 

Brockman,  F.  D..  Beachboro'  Park,  Hythe 

Bailey,  J.,  Gardener.  Lypiatt  Park.  Stroud 
Brown,  A.  J..  The  Lodge,  Finches,  Lindtield,  Sussex 
Brummell.  S.,  Overley,  Wellington.  Salop 
Burgess,  A.,  Gardener,  Palmerstown,  Straffan,  Co. 

Kildare  

Bannister,  G.  H.,  Gardener, The  Shrubbery,  Baaing- 

Batea,  W.,  Gardener,  Poulett  Lodge,  Twickenham 
Barkway,  C,  Gardener,  Flixton  Hall,  Bungay     ... 
Brittain,  E.  J.,  Waterloo  Nursery,  Salisbury 
Blaudford,   N..   Gardener,    Moor    Hill,    Weatend, 

Southampton 

Byng,  Mrs.,  Haines  Hill,  Twyford 

Bentley,  C,  Gardener,  The  Cedars,  Roehampton.., 
Brown,  G.,  Gardener.  Dravton  House,  Thrapston  ,. 
Ballhatchet.  A.  J..  Gardener,  Fulham  Palace,  S.W, 
Burton.  E..  Gardener.  Limetield,  Kirkby  Lonsdale 
Butler.  J.,  Orchard  I.aue  Gardens,  Sittingbourne  .., 
Barlow,  Miss,  Titan  Barrow.  Bathford.  Balh 
Beckett.  E.,  Gardener,  Aldenliam    Park,    Elstree, 

Herts 

Clark,  J.,  Gardener,  Ribbleton  Hall,  Preston 
Cballen.  E..  Gardener,  Bonningtons.  Ware 
Constable.  F..  Grdnr.,  Redgrave  Hall,  Diss,  Suffolk 
Carr,  W.,  Gardener,  Hawkstoiie,  Shrewsbury 
Chettleburgh,  Gardener,  Worstead  House,  Norwich 
Cleal,  F.  C,  Gardener,  Dover  Court.  Southsea 
Coombs,  H.,  Bnntingsdale,  Market  Drayton 
Carter,  J.,  Gardener,  Arlington  Court,  Barnstapb 
Constable,  H..  Gardener,  Dagnam  Park,  Romford .. 
Cawdton,  G.,   Gardener,  Crayford  House.  Cra>'ford 
Chambers,  J.,  Gardener,  Kinnersley  Manor,  Reigate 
Coe.   H..  Grdnr..  Henley  Park,  Henley-on-Thames 
Chisholm.   W.  H.,  Gardener,  Oxon   Hoath  Park, 

Tonbridge       

Carson.  W.  G..  Gardener,  Normanby  Hall.  Middles- 

borough-on-Tees       

Cann.  L.,  Gardener.  Hopton  Hall.  Lovat.  Yarmouth 
Calder,  A..  Gardener,  Vaynol.  Bangor.  N.  Wales., 
Corbett,  G..  Gardener,  Heaton  Grange.  Bolton  .., 
Cromar,      G.,    Gardener,    Mount    Alyn,    Rassett, 

Wrexham       

Clayton,  H.  J.,  Grdnr..  Grimston  Park.  Tadcastei 
Condie.  J..  Gardener,  Brook  Hall,  Harrow  Weald. 

Stanmore        

Clark,  J.,  Gardener,  Studley  Royal,  Ripen  ... 
Cooke.  S.,  Gardener,  Rosetield.  Seveuoaks  ... 
Conacher,  W.,  Gardener,  St.  Fort,  Newport, Dundee 
Clarke,  J.  C.  Gardener,  Cothelstone  House,  Taun- 
ton. Somerset 
Clarke,  J..  Gardener.  Shadwell  Court,  Thetford  .., 
Cakebread.  H.,  Gardener,  Rayners,  Penu,  Bucks  .. 
Curtis,  G.,  Gardener.  Timsbury  Manor.  Romsey  .., 
Cotterell.  W.,  Gardener,  Y'otes  Court,  Mereworth. 

Maidstone      

Claydon.  G.,  Gardener,  Woodbury,  Sandy 

Chadwick.   E.,   Gardener,    Hanger    Hill    House, 

Ealing , 

Coster,  H.,  Gardaner,  Froyle  Park.  Alton 

Culverwell,  G.,  Gardener,  Newcastle,  Ballymahon, 

Co.  Longford 

Cramond,  A.,  Gardener,  Knoyle  Hoxise,  Salisbury 
Corbett,  J..  Gardener,  Fawley  Court,  Henley- 
Thames  

Clarke,  F..  Gardener,  Lowther  Castle,  Penrith 

Crofts.  J..  Gardener,  Rheola,  Neath 

Cox.W..  Grdnr.,  The  Warren.  Bushey  Heath.  Herts 
Cronk.  R.  H,,  Gardener, Cranford  House,  Hounslow 
Coomber,  T.,  Gardener,  The  Hendre.  Monmouth 
Christiw,  A.  D.,  Gardener,  The  Castle,  Warwick 
Cornford,  J.,  Grdnr..  Quex  Park.  Birchington.Kent 
Cameron,  J.,  Gardener,  Auchterarder  House,  Auch- 

terarder  

Copp,  G.  H.,  Gardener.  Holnest  House,  Sherborne, 

Carroll,  J.,  Gardener.  Titan  Barrow,  Bathford,  Bath 
Clement,  G..  Gardener.  Haseley  Manor,  Warwick 
Castle.  S.,  West  Lynn  Vineyard,  Lynn 
Christison,    W.,    Gardener,     Honewood,    Chisle- 

Cooper,  C,  Stonefield  Nursery,  Aldridge.  Walsall, 
Carpenter,  G..  Grdnr.,  Rydens,  Walton- ou-Thames 


Further  Donations  and  Subscriptions  will  be  thankfully  received  by 

A.  F.  BABBONy  Honorary  Secretary, 

KOYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY'S    GARDENS,    CHISWICK,    LONDON,    W. 


JniT  9,  1887.1 


TEE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


37 


STANDEN'S  MANURE 

Established  20   Years. 

THIS  OLD-ESTABLISHED  MANURE 
is  acknowledged  by  the  leading  practical  Gardeners  in 
the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies  to  exceed  all  others  in 
general  fertilising  properties  and  staying  powera.  It  promotes 
a  rapid,  healthy,  and  robust  growth  to  plants  generally.  For 
Vines  it  cannot  be  too  highly  recommended,  and  this  fact  is 
fiUly  sustained  from  the  resiult  obtained  by  its  use  in  the  hands 
of  some  of  the  most  successful  Grape  growers.  It  is  a  clean 
and  dry  Powder,  with  very  little  smell,  which  renders  it  par- 
ticularly adaptable  for  ladies  interested  in  plant  culture. 

The  highly  fertilising  properties  of  this  Manure  render  its 
money  vahte  in  comparison  with  other  manures  at  least  double  ; 
and  users  will  find  that  very  small  quantities  unll  produce 
favourable  results. 

Sold  in  new  and  enlarged  Tins,  1/-,  2/6, 
5/6,  10/6,  and  21/-  each.  ;  and  in  Kegs  at 
reduced  prices— 281b.,  12,6;  561b.,  23/-; 
1121b.,  42/-  each. 

May  be  obtained  from  Kursetymen  and  Seedsmen  in 
the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Manufacturers, 


CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd. 


London,  E.C. 


ELLIOTT'S    IMPROVED 

"SUMMER  CLOUD"  SHADING 

For  Glass  Structures  that  require  Shading. 

It  combines  EFFICACY  with  APPEARANCE,  CONVE- 
NIENCE with  ECONOMY,  and  its  effects  are  LASTING. 

Sold  in  packets,  Is.  each,  with  full  directions  for  use,  and  in 
bags,  7  lb..  125. ;  14  lb.,  22s. ;  may  be  obtained  from  all  Seeds- 
men and  Nurserymen. 

Sole  Manufacturers  and  Proprietors, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

London,  E.C. 


Many  years'  experience  has  proved 
this  article  the  most  certain  and 
efficacious  remedy  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  Daisies  and  Weedson  Lawns. 
If  used  according  to  the  directions, 
it  cannot  fail  to  produce  a  healthy 
and  luxuriant  growth  of  grass  in 
one  application  ;  and  to  enable  the 
article  to  be  in  more  general  use  it 
is  now  offered  at  the  following 

REDUCED   PRICES, 


Sold  by  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 


Sole  Manufacturers, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd. 

London,   E.C. 


SEE  THAT  YOU  OBTAIN 

FOWLER'S    LAWN     SAND, 

AU  Fackagee  having  the  name  plainly  attached. 


ORCHID  EXHIBITION. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  sights 
in  London, 

ORCHIDS.— The    PRIVATE    VIEW   of 
^^     Mr.  William  Bull's  ORCHID  EXHrnmON  is  open 

to  Patrons  of    the    Establishment,    every    TUESDAY, 

THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY.  10  to  6  o'clock,  throuKh- 

out  JULY. 
Establishment  for  New  and  Kare  Plants,  636,  King's 

Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


ORCHIDS.— The    PUBLIC    EXHIBITION 
^-^     of  ORCHIDS  is   open  to  the  Public,   every  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY,  10  to  6  o'clock,  through- 
out JULY'.    Admission,  each  day,  2s.  6(2. 


/^RGHIDSm — A    vision    of   loveliness    unpa- 
^^     ralleled  in  Europe. 


ORCHIDS. — "Must  be  seen  to  be  realised." 

ORCHIDS. — "A  scene  of  the  greatest  Orchidic 
^"^     beauty,  baffling  description,  and  defying  exaggeration." 


/^RC  H I  DSi — Specimens  in  Flower  from  Brazil, 
^^     Colombia,  Mexico,  Ecuador,  Madagascar,  Assam,  Peru, 
Costa  Rica,  Venezuela,  West  Indies,  Burmah,  Borneo, 
and  various  other  parts  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 


ORCHIDS.— The  Exhibition  is  worth  going 
^^     any  distance  to  see  at 

MR.  WILLIAM  BULL'S 

ESTABLISHMENT   FOE   NEW    AND   RARE   PLANTS, 
636.  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  Loudon,  S.W. 


BEGONIA  EXHIBITION 

The  Grandest  Floral  Display 
in  London. 


Open  to  the  Public  every  day  (Sundays  excepted),  from 
July  to  September,  9  a.m.  to  7  p.m.  dally. 


ADMISSION      FREE. 


OUR  EXHIBITIONS  OF  BEGONIAS 

Have  been  celebrated  for  their  varied  beauty  and 
extent  for  the  past  few  years,  but  the  COLLEC- 
TION now  on  view  is  superior  to  any  of  the  kind 
ever  yet  seen,  both  in  single  and  double  varieties, 
the  shades  of  colour  being  quite  indescribable, 
and  must  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 


All  lovers  of  flowers  are  cordially  Invited. 


Nearest  Railway  Stations  are  Catford  Bridge.  Mid  Kent  Line 
(S.E.R.).  from  Charing  Cross,  Waterloo,  Cannon  Street  and 
London  Bridge  ;  and  Forest  Hill  (L.B.&S.C.E.).  from  Victoria. 
Kensington  and  West  End,  Croydon,  &c. ;  also  from  Liverpool 
Street. 


JOHN     LAING    &    CO., 

Begonia  Specialists  and  Nurserymen, 

FOREST  HILL,  LONDON,  S.E. 


Now  ready,  In  clotli,  lis.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I..  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNK.  IR87. 
W.   RICHARDS,   41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.O. 


As  a  Supplement 

TO  THE 

GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE 

FOR 

Next  Week,  July  16, 

TVILL  BE 

Published    a    Full   Page    Engraving 

OF    THE 

Royal  Jubilee  Bouquet. 


SATURDAY,  JULY  0,  1887. 


AN  IRISH  GARDEN;  A  RETRO- 
SPECT. 
JUNE  4.  —  The  longed-for  moisture  has 
come  at  last !  A  night  of  gentle  rain 
has  given  a  sparkle  to  the  morning  hours 
each  leaf  and  flower  empearled  or  diamond-set 
with  the  rain-drops  of  the  night.  All  Nature 
rejoices.  In  the  wood,  the  cuckoo's  call  is  heard, 
the  thrush  is  trilling  forth  its  liquid  notes,  and 
overhead  the  white  breast  of  the  swallow  gleams 
against  the  sky  as  it  skims  the  air. 

Foremost  among  the  opening  Irises  in  the 
garden  is  the  white  Florentine,  so  like  a  bit  of 
old  Venetian  glass  that  I  wonder  to  myself  if  it 
may  not  be  that  long  ago,  from  its  lovely  curves 
and  opal  hue,  was  modelled  some  rare,  half 
lucent  piece  of  antique  glass,  whose  pattern  still 
is  traced  through  varied  forms  yet  found  in 
Venice.  Especially  under  lamp-light  s  this 
suggestion  of  translucency  most  noticeable. 

The  Banksia  Hose  is  now  in  bloom,  th ;  cold 
winds  having  this  year  come  later,  for  if  they  are 
so  early  as  to  nip  the  buds  that  hold  the  blossom, 
farewell  to  any  hope  of  flowers ;  but  should 
the  little  bloom-cluster  be  already  formed,  it 
seems  able  to  stand  the  blast.  Very  lovely 
are  these  wild  wreaths  of  soft,  pale  amber 
blossoms,  tossed  up  against  the  old  grey  wall, 
and  leaping  as  if  to  reach  the  deep  blue  sky 
beyond.  Long  sprays  are  beautiful  when  cut 
and  brought  indoors,  as  then  the  little  Roses 
open  out  more  fully,  and  remain  for  a  con- 
siderable time  fresh  and  fair.  The  long  drought 
has  sadly  marred  the  blooming  of  the  yellow 
Himalayan  Poppy,  the  blossoms  have  remained 
so  thickly  clustered,  that,  though  individually 
very  large,  they  cannot  open  with  any  grace, 
from  being  too  closely  pressed  together.  This 
Poppy  is  moisture-loving,  and  when  this  need  is 
supplied  there  is  a  marked  difference  in  the  free- 
dom of  growth,  all  the  side  branches  blossoming 
at  the  same  time  as  the  centre  one,  like  some 
large  candelabra  hung  with  yellow  lamps.  Near 
the  group  of  Indian  Poppies,  Veronica  Hulkeana 
is  in  flower  ;  the  winter's  blast  always  robs  it  of 
some  branches,  but  when  these  are  cut   away 


38 


THE     GABDENEBS'     GEBONIGLE. 


[July  9,  1887. 


enough  are  left  to  give  soft  spikes  of  pale  mauve 
blossoms.  It  grows  freely  from  cuttings  taken 
now,  wintered  in  a  cold  frame,  and  planted  out 
in  spring.  If  fastened  against  a  wall,  the  warmth 
and  shelter  thus  afforded  greatly  help  its  safe 
passage  through  the  frosts  of  winter.  Heuchera 
sanguinea  has  been  in  flower  for  several  weeks. 
It  has  great  staying  power,  for  its  delicate  sprays 
of  carmine  blossom  are  still  perfect,  and  in  a  cut 
state  associate  charmingly  with  Veronica  Hul- 
keana,  and  a  few  dark  satin  leaves  from  Heuchera 
Richardsoni. 

During  the  storms  of  hail  that  swept  the 
garden  towards  the  end  of  May,  a  large  plant  of 
Papaver  orientale  was  beaten  down ;  but  as 
Nature,  where  she  mends,  always  makes  the  rent 
more  beautiful  than  when  entire,  so  the  Poppies 
fallen  among  the  snowy  Saxifrages,  set  in  the 
rock  fragments  that  mark  the  walk,  are  still  more 
beautiful  to-day,  opening  their  fiery  petals  among 
the  pure  white  blossoms. 

It  is  pleasant  sometimes  to  see  one's  garden 
from  a  distance,  or  rather,  where  one's  garden 
lies,  while  yet  it  is  invisible.  In  a  short  excur- 
sion to-day  have  I  thus  been  gazing  back.  The 
day  is-  cloudless.  The  air  calm,  with  a  liquid 
clearness  that  seems  to  drink  in  colour  from 
every  ray  of  sunlight.  Out  from  .shore  there  is 
a  stretch  of  yellow  sand  breaking  the  tideway's 
onward  rush  in  stormy  hours.  But  to-day  all 
sound  is  hushed,  peace  rests  upon  the  sea,  and 
the  ridge  of  sand  looks  like  a  golden  band  across 
the  tranquil  water.  Beyond  the  sands  the  tide 
is  flowing  close  to  shore,  of  a  turquoise-blue. 
Above  the  rocky  cliffs  are  purple  and  reddish 
hued,  darkening  as  they  rise  with  Heather  not 
yet  in  bloom,  and  Gorse  which  still  bears  tracery 
of  gold.  To  the  north  the  sloping  ground  is 
pasture  land,  bright  fields  of  springing  corn,  and 
groves  of  Elm,  and  Ash,  and  Beechen  trees,  close 
nestling  from  the  blast  of  winter  days ;  while 
above  all,  from  the  very  summit,  ascends  a  thick 
soft  cloud  of  pale  grey  smoke,  rising  slowly  as 
from  a  crater's  centre  into  the  deep  azure  sky. 
We  know  it  is  some  spot  made  desolate  by  the 
burning  of  green  Gorse  and  Heather,  and  yet  this 
cloudy  pillar  rising  aloft  into  the  blue  zenith 
makes  the  scene  more  perfect. 

June  24. — Three  weeks  of  burning  sun  without 
cloud  or  shower  has  brought  an  agony  of  thir.st 
amongst  the  flowers.  Deep  fissures  are  rent  in 
the  ground,  and  the  earth  is  baked  hard  like 
bricks.  Only  the  Roses  do  not  seem  to  care,  and 
are  blossoming  with  bewildering  luxuriance. 
The  Reve  d'Or  is  flowing  over  on  either  side  the 
paling  which  .supports  it  in  long  wreaths  of 
golden  blossoms ;  no  pruning-knife  has  touched 
it,  consequently  every  branch  is  covered  with 
buds  and  blossoms  hanging  down  in  long  fes- 
toons or  tossed  aloft  in  spreading  branches, 
hundreds  of  flowers  being  open  together  in  the 
sunshine.  The  old  Gloire  de  Dijon  is  also  laden 
with  blossoms,  but  with  its  stronger  habit  has 
not  the  airy  grace  of  the  Reve  d'Or.  W.  A. 
Richardson  does  not  bear  the  full  blaze  of  sun- 
shine so  readily ;  though  the  flowers  seem  larger 
and  opening  out  in  softer  fulness,  yet  the  deep 
apricot  colour  fades  in  the  mid-day  glare,  leaving 
only  the  glow  of  orange-red  enclosed  mid  the 
centre  petals.  The  enchanting  colour  can,  however, 
be  retained  during  scorching  weather  by  gather- 
ing the  buds  just  as  they  open  and  bringing  them 
within  the  shade  and  coolness  of  the  house. 

Iris  Susiana,  planted  two  years  ago,  is  in  flower 
for  the  first  time.  It  has  never  received  any  pro- 
tection through  the  severest  frosts,  and,  growing 
in  the  open  border,  has  sent  up  a  strong  spike 
bearing  one  large  blossom.  What  a  contrast  to 
the  sombre  beauty  of  this  mourning  Iris  are  the 


fluttering  petals  of  the  Flag  species,  dyed  with 
purple  and  blue  and  yellow,  with  every  changeful 
hue,  as  they  merge  from  deep  red-bronze  through 
gold  to  yellow,  faint  as  the  first  soft  rays  of 
dawn ;  and  from  purple,  rich  as  a  royal  robe,  to 
lilac,  so  pale  as  but  to  o'erflush  the  white.  Then 
the  exquisite  tracery  on  the  petals ! — who  can  tell 
what  subtlety  of  curve  and  line,  what  infinite 
variety  of  marking  is  pictured  there  !  Nature's 
pencil  on  the  Iris  leaf  is  inspired. 

An  immense  tree  of  Escallonia  macrantha  is 
now  all  rose  colour  with  blossom,  the  shining 
green  leaves  being  scarcely  visible.  As  a  hedge 
the  Escallonia  affords  invaluable  shelter  from 
wind,  but  as  it  has  to  be  clipped  within  bounds 
every  summer,  it  does  not  bear  the  propor- 
tion of  flowers  which  an  unpruned  tree  pro- 
duces ;  but  still  there  are  enough  rose-coral 
blossoms  through  the  vivid  green  to  make  it 
very  attractive  in  the  month  of  .Tune,  and  later 
on  the  dark  foliage  is  a  fine  background  for 
white  flowers.  At  present  Mrs.  Sinkins,  that 
snowball  Pink,  is  in  masses  just  in  front  of  such 
a  hedge.  The  Escallonia  is  easily  propagated  by 
cuttings,  which,  once  struck,  grow  with  extreme 
rapidity ;  but  as  it  greatly  resents  being  moved, 
for  a  hedge  it  is  well  to  strike  the  cuttings  where 
they  are  to  remain.  Around  the  tree  the  air  is 
quite  aromatic  and  resonant  with  the  busy  hum 
of  large  wild  bees  collecting  honey,  and  to-day 
the  humming-bird  moth  is  darting  among,  and 
hovering  above  each  blossom,  while  its  trunk 
pierces  to  their  very  depth. 

What  a  weird-looking  plant  is  the  Lizard 
Orchis  (0.  hircina),  with  its  twisted,  cloven 
tongues  of  purple-red,  as  if  hissing  at  one  from 
the  sardonic  face  within  the  cowl.  Sixty  of 
these  long,  tortuous  tongues,  are  already  shot 
out,  while  twenty  more  flowers  are  waiting  to 
unclose. 

Among  Pseonies,  the  single  white  albi  flora 
looks  like  a  bride.  The  petals  are  of  a  dazzling 
whiteness,  nearly  always  nine  in  number,  in- 
dented round  the  edge,  and  slightly  lobed,  while 
in  the  centre  is  a  rich  golden  tassel  of  stamens, 
over  which  the  petals  half  close  at  dusk,  opening 
wide  in  the  morning  sunshine,  as  a  disc  measuring 
8  inches  across.  There  is  no  fairer  blossom  in 
the  garden.  L.  A.  L. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


SCHOMBUEGKIA  THOMSONIANA,  n.  sp* 
If  this  was  not  a  Schomburgkia,  how  it  would  be 
admired !  .But  "  Schomburgkias  take  too  much  space, 
and  they  never  flower."  Go  to  Sunbury  House,  to 
Major  Lendy.  there  they  flower.  "Well,  that  is  an 
exception  ;  they  also  flower  with  Mr.  H.  T.  Ross  ;  " 
but  they  do  not  do  their  annual  duty,  hence 
they  are  disregarded.  What  can  you  say  against 
this  ?  Would  it  not  be  better  to  see  how  they  have 
to  be  treated,  and  finally  is  not  Lcelia  superbiens 
itself  a  Schomburgkia  tip-top,  if  there  is  any  charac- 
ter of  the  "genus?"  I  learn  the  habit  is  just  that 
of  Schomburgkia  tibicinis,  yet  the  plant  is  not  quite 
so  large.  Panicle  with  fifteen  flowers  nearly  like  those 
of  Schomburgkia  tibicinis.  Sepals  ligulate,  a  little 
wavy,  lightest  yellow  inside,  outside  light  yellow  at  the 
borders,  with  green  mid-nerve  at  the  top,  all  the  disc 
lightest  mauve,  with  numerous  very  small  white  dots. 
Petals  light  sulphur,  with  some  dark  purple  lines  and 
streaks  in  the  mid-line  outside.  Lip  trifid,  side-laciniae 

*  Schomburgkia  Tkomsoniana,  n.  sp, — Afflnis  SL-homburgkiro 
tibicinis,  Bat.;  planta  minor;  infloresoentia  p.iniculata; 
flepalig  tepalisque  ligalatis  acutia  undulatis;  labello  trifido. 
laciniis  lateralibus  triangulis  extrorsum  obtusatis,  laciuia 
raediana  ligulata  emarginata  valde  crispa,  carinis  ternis  a 
basi  versus  apicem  lacinise  medianw  in  disco  hujus  superiori 
granulatis ;  anthera  vertice  emarginnta.  Bletia  Thomsouiana, 
Rchb.  f.  H.  G.  Rrhb.  f. 


blunt,  rounded,  angulate,  mid-lacinia  ligulate,  emar- 
ginate,  exceedingly  wavy.  There  are  three  obscure 
keels  passing  from  the  base  of  the  lip  nearly  to  its 
apex,  blackish-purple,  except  on  the  superior  half  of 
the  mid-lacinia,  where  they  are  light  yellow  on  a 
small  white  area,  granulate  at  once.  The  disc  as 
well  as  the  anterior  lacinia,  excepting  what  is  just 
stated,  is  dark  blackish-purple,  and  on  the  side  of  the 
mid-area  there  are  numerous  oblique  short  radiating 
lines,  as  also  outside  on  the  angle.  Column  light 
green  and  streaked  with  a  little  purple  outside.  Front 
side  white,  with  purple  parallel  lines  at  the  base. 
Anther  bilobed  at  the  top.  This  gay  plant  was  ex- 
hibited last  year  at  the  Liverpool  Horticultural 
Exhibition.  The  possessor  is  W.  J.  Thomson,  Esq., 
of  St.  Helen's,  Lancashire.  A  fine  inflorescence  of  it 
was  sent  this  year  to  Mr.  J.  Day,  who,  after  having 
drawn  it,  most  kindly  sent  me  the  lovely  beauty.  I 
am  very  pleased  to  call  it  Thomsoniana,  I  had,  how- 
ever, known  the  plant  before  Mr.  Day's  present,  as 
Mr.  J.  O'Brien  had  favoured  me  with  some  flowers 
of  it  from  the  same  source.  H.  G.  Bchb.f. 

NOTYLIA    BUNOEROTHII,  n.  Sp* 

A  very  neat  botanical  curiosity.  Tt  has  very  large 
and  broad  oblong  equal  bulbs  and  broad  leaves, 
nearly  equalling  a  span  in  length  by  2  to  3  inehes 
in  width.  In  the  two  specimens  at  hand  the  long, 
many-flowered  peduncle  has  a  second,  or  even  a 
third,  nearly  equal  inflorescence  as  a  branch  rising 
from  the  sheath  underneath.  The  flowers  are  closely 
packed  and  numerous.  They  are  yellowish-green. 
Dorsal  sepal  very  falcate.  Petals  linear,  falcate,  green 
at  the  top,  white  at  the  base,  with  an  orange  eye- 
spot  at  the  base.  Lip  small,  very  like  that  of  Notylia 
micrantha  white,  not  hastate  or  sagitatte  at  all,  but 
the  lacinia  is  singularly  rounded.  It  is  a  discovery 
of  Mr.  Bungeroth,  and  was  kindly  sent  to  me  by 
Messrs.  Linden  of  "  L'Horticulture  Internationale  " 
at  Brussels.  K  G.  Bchh.f. 

CVPRIPEDIUM    LawRENCEANUM    {Echh.  f.)  STENOSE- 

MiuM,  n.  var. 

Mr.  Tautz,StudIey  House,  GoldhawkRoad.  London, 
W.,  has  kindly  sent  me  this.  It  is,  as  I  learn,  an 
introduction  of  Messrs.  Hugh  Low  &  Co.  The  upper 
sepal  is  far  narrower  than  in  the  typical  plant ;  it  is 
nearly  elliptic.  The  consequence  is,  of  course,  tha^ 
the  nerves  run  close  together,  and  are  far  straighter. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  we  may  learn  whether  the 
whole  importation  is  alike,  or  whether  this  is  a 
single  aberring  plant.  H.  G.  Hchb.f. 

Iris  Boissieri. 

Mr.  A.  W.  Tait,  of  Oporto,  who  is  doing  so  much 
to  extend  our  knowledge  of  the  flora  of  Portugal, 
found  two  or  three  years  back  in  the  Gerez  Moun- 
tains, at  an  altitude  of  600  to  900  metres,  an  Iris 
(Xiphion)  which  has  been  recognised  by  Professor 
Henriquez,  of  Coirabra,  as  a  new  species,  and  named 
by  him  Iris  Boissieri.  Mr.  Tait  kindly  sent  me  a  few 
bulbs,  which  have  recently  flowered. 

I.  Boissieri  is  closely  allied  to  I.  filifolia,  but 
differs  in  having  a  very  distinct  tube  above  the 
ovary,  in  having  broader  more  obovate  inner  perianth 
segments,  in  the  claw  of  the  outer  perianth  segment 
being  long  and  narrow,  and  furnished  with  a  very 
distinct  beard,  which  stretches  far  on  into  the  lamina, 
and  in  colour.  It  is,  as  far  as  I  know,  the  only 
bulbous  Iris  (Xiphion)  bearing  a  beard. 

Besides  the  botanical  and  morphological  interest 
which  it  possesses,  it  is  a  very  welcome  addition  to 
our  bulbous  Irises,  being  extremely  handsome  ;  the 
rich  blue-purple  marked  with  deeper  red-purple 
veins  of  the  lamina  of  the  fall  contrasts  pleasantly 
with  the  rich  golden  hue  of  the  "  signal,"  which 
is    broad    and    conspicuous,     and    the    purple     of 

"  Notylia  Bungerotkii,  n.  sp. — Aff.  N.  IniEe  ;  pseudobulbis 
oblongis  rugosis;  folis  cuneato-oblongis  obtuse  acutia  latis ; 
pedunculo  ramoso  (an  semper?) ;  floribua  densissiniis  ;  sepalo 
iraparifornicatofalcato,  sepalis  lateralibus  ante  medium  bifidis. 
laciniis  angustis  rectis ;  tepalis  lineari-falcatis,  labello  bre- 
vissime  unguiculato  oblongo  acuto,  sepali-t  bene  breviori ; 
col'imna  laevi.  In  America  fequin.  det.  exc.  Bungeroth. 
H.G.Jtekb.f, 


Jdlt  9,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


39 


the  standards  is  also  very  fine.  The  bulbs, 
which  were  in  the  open  in  my  garden  all  the  last 
winter,  have  flowered  as  well  or  better  than  those 
in  a  frame  ;  so  that  the  plant  is  probably  hardy. 
It  flowers  rather  earlier  than  I.  Xiphion  (Spanish 
Iris)  coming  between  it  and  I.  tingitana.  Mr.  Taifc 
may  be  congratulated  on  his  happy  discovery.  M, 
Foster,  Shelf  ord,  Jidy  4. 


NEW  PLANTS  CERTIFICATED 


%*  B.C..  Botanical  Certificate:  F.C.,  Floral  Certificate : 
either  being  equal  to  a  First-class  Certificate. 
Abies  canadensis  argentea 

, .     excelaa  mutabi  Us 
Adiantum        CapiUus- Veneris 

Mariesii  

Amaryllis  Edith  Wynne 

„    Her  Majesty        

„    Hilda        

.,    Hon.    and   Rev.    J.    T. 
Boscawen       

,,    Oriflamme  

„    Titania      

,,    R.  D.  Blackmore 
Auricula  (show)  Montrose     . . . 

,,     (show)       Rev.      Charles 
King«.]ev  

,.    (show)  Tiresias 

Begonia  alba  magna 

,,     Ducheas  of  Edinburgh  ... 

.,     Duke  of  Edinburgh 

,,    marginata  

,,     Mrs.  Apthorpe    ... 

„     Prince  of  Wales 

„    Princess  of  Wales 

„     Princess  Louise 

,,    Princess  Roval    

„    Queen  Victoria 

, ,     Scarlet  Perfection 

,,    Terra  Cotta         

Boronia  heterophylla 

Cattleya  Mendel ii  graudis    ... 


limbata 
,.    Mrs.  Little 
Mossise,  Darnel's 


Chamsedorea  syuecanthus 
Cineraria  Ariel  ...         

,,    Blue  Bonnet        

„     Eclipse      

„    niuminator         

„    Jubilee      

„    Royalty 

,,     Stella         

Coleus  Jubilee 

Cyclamen     persicum     majes 

„    Queen  of  the  Crimsons.. 

,,     Royal  Jubilee      

Dendrobium  polyphlebium 
Diplazium  hians 
Gloxinia  Alfred  Outram 
Ilex  aquifolium  insigne 
Junlperus  canadensis  aurea 
LEelia  grandis    

,,     purpurata  Cypheri 
Wyattiana 


Veitch  &  Son,  June  15— B.C. 
Veitch  &  Son.  April  20— F.C. 
Veitch  &.  Son,  March  23— F.C. 
J.  Douglas,  April  20— F.C. 

Veitch  &  Son.  March  23— F.C. 
J.  Douglas.  March  23— F.C. 
Veitch  &  Son,  March  23— F.C. 
Paul  &  Son,  April  20— F.C. 
J.  Douglas,  April  20— F.C. 


J.  Douglas,  April  20— F.C. 
J.  Douglas.  April  20— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15-B.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  May  18— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  May  18— F.C. 
Laing  Sc  Co.,  June  15 — B.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  May  18— F.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15— B.C. 
Laing  &  Co.,  June  15— F.C. 
Veitch  &  Son,  March  23— B.C. 
Hill.  May  18— B.C. 
Bethell,  June  15— B.C. 
Hill,  Mav  18— B.C. 
ety    Elliott.  June  15— B.C. 


B.  S.  Williams.  May  18— B.C.] 
James,  April  20— F.C. 
James,  March  23— F.C. 
James,  April  20— F.C. 
James,  March  23— F.C. 
James,  April  20— F.C. 
James.  April  20— F.C. 
James,  March  23— F.C. 
Chitty,  June  15— F.C. 


J.  Odell.  April  20— F.C. 

J.  Odell,  April  12— F.C. 
...    J.  Odell.  March  23— F.C. 
...     R.  B.  White,  June  15— B.C. 
...     Veitch  &  Son.  June  15— B.C. 
...     B.  S.  Williams.  May  18— F.C. 
...     Veitch  &  Son,  June  15— B.C. 
...     Veitch  &  Son.  June  15— B.C. 
...    B.  S.  Williams,  May  18— B.C. 
...     Cypher,  May  18— B.C. 
...     Cypher,  May  18— B.C. 
Masdevallia  Harryaua  graudis     Sander  &  Co.,  June  15 — B.C. 
Narcissus  cyclamineus  ...     Barr  &  Son,  April  20— B.C. 

Odontoglossum         Andersoni- 

'      '  B.  S,  Williams.  May  18— B.C. 

Sander  &  Co.,  June  15 — ^B.G. 

Blair.  June  15— B.C. 

May  18— B.C. 

R.  B.  Lemon.  March  22— B.C. 

Ware,  May  18— F.C. 

Ware,  May  18— F.C. 

Ware,  May  18— F.C. 

Ware,  May  18— F.C. 


,,     Jacombianum      

Oncidium  Brunleesianum 
Peeony  (Tree)  Maria 

„    ,,    odorata  

„    ,,    rosea  odorata 

,,     ,,     Triomphe  de  Milan.. 
Pelargonium  (fancy)  i 


C.  Turner,  June  15— F.C. 

C.  Turner,  June  15- F.C. 

E.  B.  Foster,  June  15— F.C. 

.     Turner.  May  18— F.C. 

E.  B.  Foster,  June  15— F.C. 


..    (show)  Duke  of  Clarence, 
.,    .,    Magpie 

,,    ,,    Marion  

Primula   obtusifolia  (?)  Gam- 

Pteris  Mayi       

„    tremula  fiaccida 

Pyrethrmn  Aphrodite 

„    Figaro       

„    Florentine  

,,     Merry  Hampton 
Rhododendron     balsammeeflo- 

, ,     luteo-roscura 

Rose  (Tea)  Miss  Edith  Gifford  Turner,  May  18— F.C. 

„    (H.P.)  Puritan '  "   ~             -    - 

Selagiuella  gracilis       

Sequoia     sempervirens    albo- 

spicata Veitch  &  Son,  June  15 — B.C. 

Thuia  gigantea  aurea Veitch  &  Son,  June  15 — B.C. 

TroUius  Fortune!  fl.-pl.           ...  Ware,  May  18— F.C. 

Viburnum  phcatum    Veitch  &  Son,  June  15 — B.C. 


J.  Douglas,  April  20— B.C. 
H.  B.  May,  April  20— B.C. 
H.  B.  May,  April  20— B.C. 
Kelway  &  Sons,  June  15— F.C. 
Kelway  &  Sons,  June  15 — F.C. 
Kelway  &  Sons,  June  15— F.C. 
Xelway  &.  Sons.  June  15— F.C. 
Kelway  &  Sons.  June  15— F.C. 


TRADE   MEMORANDUM. 

C.  FouLON  &  Co.,  late  of  3,  Throgmorton  Avenue, 
London,  E.G.,  are  requested  to  furnish  their  present 


SERKYS     TEA. 

Under  the  above  name,  a  medicinal  tea  has 
attracted  some  attention  of  late — though  if  we  are 
to  believe  all  that  is  said  of  it,  its  use  is  of  great 
antiquity.  It  is  advertised  as  "Dr.  de  Gardarien's 
Serkys  of  Asia,  or  Sultanas  Imperial  Tea,  Preserver 
of  Health,  Youth,  and  Beauty,"  and  in  the  printed 
description  which  accompanies  each  packet,  the 
following  statement  is  given : — "  This  great  treasure 
until  now  enveloped  in  mystery,  was  discovered  by 
the  dervish  who  first  brought  to  light  the  qualities  of 
Moka,  and  by  him  presented  to  the  Sultan  Osman  I. 
It  is  a  tea  made  from  some  of  the  most  refreshing 
and  balsamic  plants  which  grow  at  the  feet  of  the 
mountains  of  Mecca  and  Lebanon.  It  has  all  the 
beneficent  qualities  of  the  herbs  of  these  countries, 
and  the  Sultanas,  jealous  of  their  youth  and  beauty, 
kept  the  secret  for  themselves  alone. 

"The  tea  is  very  refreshing.  It  facilitates  the 
digestion,  hardens  the  flesh,  clears  the  complexion, 
and  gives  it  the  transparency  and  freshness  of  the 
Kose.  The  assiduous  use  of  this  tea  night  and 
morning  will  be  followed  with  success  in  every  case 
even  when  used  by  ladies  of  advanced  age.  It  has 
the  advantage  of  possessing  a  most  agreeable  taste, 
which  has  rendered  it  the  favourite  beverage  of  the 
Sultanas." 

The  following  extract  is  then  given  from  the  works 
of  Paul  Lucas,  who,  in  the  history  of  his  third  journey 
to  the  East,  made  by  order  of  Louis  XIV.,  thus 
■writes  : — "  In  my  last  travels  in  the  East  I  discovered 
the  plants  from  which  the  Serkys  is  made.  I  was 
ignorant  then  that  these  plants  were  known  in  the 
seraglio,  and  that  the  Sultanas  used  them  extensively. 
The  Serkys  is  taken  like  ordinary  tea  with  rum, 
cream.  Sec.  After  a  slight  infusion  the  water 
becomes  amber-coloured.  The  tea  has  so  many 
different  tastes  that  it  would  be  difficult  to  define 
them ;  it  is  very  delicious,  and  unlike  anything  we 
have  in  Europe.  I  am  assured  that  the  Sultanas 
who  use  it  very  frequently  long  remain  young  and 
rosy.  I  was  enabled  to  convince  myself  of  the  truth 
of  this  assertion.  My  quality  of  physician  to  the 
King  of  France  gained  me  the  favour  of  an  intro- 
duction to  the  widow  of  Hassan  Pacha,  who  was 
dangerously  ill.  Knowing  that  it  was  the  custom  for 
the  two  oldest  ladies  of  the  seraglio  to  wait  upon  the 
Sultana,  what  was  my  surprise  to  see  with  her  two 
young  persons  of  twenty-five  or  thirty  years.  I 
expressed  my  surprise  to  the  people  near  me,  and  to 
the  doctor  of  her  Highness,  who  was  one  of  my 
friends ;  they  laughed,  and  assured  me  that  the  two 
ladies  I  believed  to  be  so  young  were  more  than 
sixty  years  old,  and  that  it  was  the  continual 
drinking  of  the  Serkys  which  had  produced  such  an 
effect.  When  I  had  cured  the  Sultana  by  means  of 
a  plant  which  grows  on  Mount  Argeis,  I  asked  her 
through  my  friend  the  doctor  for  some  of  this  mar- 
vellous tea,  and  she  gave  me  a  certain  quantity,  to 
show  her  gratitude. 

"  I  do  not  intend  to  publish  here  the  miracles  to 
be  ^vrought  by  means  of  Serkys,  but  after  having 
carefully  examined  it  I  am  able  to  state  that  it  is  a 
most  excellent  drink  for  the  health  ;  that  it  renews 
and  purifies  the  blood,  thus  preventing  all  skin 
diseases  ;  that  its  constant  use  preserves  the  skin  in 
all  its  primitive  vigour,  and  keeps  ofi"  the  germs  of 
all  diseases,  thus  maintaining  the  purity  and  fresh- 
ness of  youth,  and  constituting  a  real  beauty,  and  so 
making  all  persons  who  use  it  frequently  appear 
young  and  beautiful." 

The  tea,  or  rather  the  infusion,  is  prepared  in  the 
same  way  as  Chinese  tea.  It  is  recommended  to 
allow  it  to  steep  or  draw  not  more  than  three  or  four 
minutes,  and  to  sweeten  according  to  taste.  It  is 
sold  in  packets  at  a  high  price,  the  chief  depot  being 
in  Paris,  with  agencies  in  London.  Probably  for  the 
purpose  of  preventing  the  identification  of  the  plants 
used  the  leaves  are  broken  up  into  very  small 
particles.  Upon  infusing  a  sample  a  strong  smell  of 
sage  is  given  off,  and  the  fl^avour  of  the  infusion  con- 
firms the  presence  of  this  plant,  though  the  leaves 
are   so  much  broken  that  only  occasional  particles 


are  found.  Upon  microscopical  examination  Pro- 
fessor Oliver  detected  the  seeds  of  a  Chenopodium 
probably  C.  ambrosioides,  the  leaf  of  which  also 
seems  to  be  present,  mixed,  however,  with  various 
other  leaves  apparently  to  increase  its  bulk.  John  R. 
Jackson,  Museum,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 


THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  WATER- 
ING OUTDOOR  PLANTS. 

Two  acknowledged  agencies  in  vigorous  and 
healthy  plant  growth  are  heat  and  moisture  ;  plants 
growing  out-of-doors  must  usually  take  the  heat  as 
they  find  it,  and  as  we  cannot  increase  this  element 
our  object  should  be  not  to  diminish  it.  Moisture, 
on  the  other  hand,  is  more  under  our  control,  but  if 
we  exercise  that  control  and  water  our  plants  during 
dry  weather  in  the  evening,  we  do  so  at  the  expense 
of  a  great  portion  of  the  heat  we  decide  to  preserve. 
Two  influences  are  thus  brought  into  operation  in 
cooling  down  the  plants  and  retarding  their  gro^vth, 
which  we  vainly  endeavour  to  urge  forward  by 
moisture  ;  these  are,  evaporation  and  radiation. 

Evaporation  is  the  more  rapid  in  proportion  to 
the  dryness  of  the  air,  and  therefore  it  is  most  active 
when  the  necessity  for  watering  is  the  most  urgent ; 
but  evaporation  cannot  take  place  without  producing 
cold,  and  that  cold  is  proportionate  to  the  rapidity 
of  the  evaporating  process. 

Chemistry  points  out  the  reason  of  this,  vapour 
having  a  greater  capacity  for  heat  than  water,  the 
heat,  sensible  in  the  water,  becomes  latent  in  its 
vapour,  and  the  temperature  falls — additional  heat, 
to  keep  up  the  temperature,  not  being  quickly  enough 
supplied  by  the  surrounding  media. 

What  then,  is  the  practical  effect  of  an  evening's 
watering?  The  air  is  dry  from  the  heat  of  the  day, 
and  evaporation  goes  on  briskly  ;  the  temperature 
consequently  falls,  and  the  plants  are  chilled,  as 
there  are  no  sun's  rays  to  communicate  fresh  warmth. 
The  growth  of  plants  thus  treated  is  sometimes 
even  more  unsatisfactory  than  that  of  others  grow- 
ing in  apparently  arid  soil,  which  have  been  allowed 
to  take  their  chance. 

The  other  source  of  diminished  temperature  we 
referred  to  was  radiation.  Every  warm  body  tends 
continually  to  throw  off  its  heat  to  all  other  bodies 
of  lower  warmth,  near  or  remote. 

But  radiation  in  meteorology  is  more  particularly 
confined  to  "  the  radiation  of  heat  from  the  surface 
of  the  earth  and  objects  on  it  into  a  clear  sky." 

We  kuow  that  all  objects  do  not  radiate  heat  with 
equal  rapidity :  rough  surfaces  do  it  more  readily 
than  smooth,  and  dark  surfaces  than  those  of  a 
lighter  shade  of  colour.  If  we  apply  this  knowledge 
to  the  process  of  watering,  we  shall  find  that  almost 
all  soils  are  darkened  in  their  colour  by  moisture, 
and  therefore  by  the  practice  of  evening  watering  we 
put  the  soil  into  the  best  possible  condition  for 
getting  cooled  down  during  the  night.  It  is  thus 
that  the  combined  influence  of  evaporation  and 
radiation  exerts  itself  in  thwarting  the  very  desire 
of  such  as  thoughtlessly  practise  evening  watering, 
although  we  know  it  is  too  frequently  believed  that, 
so  long  as  plants  get  water,  it  is  entirely  a  matter  of 
indifference  when  it  is  applied. 

On  the  other  hand,  by  adopting  morning  water- 
ings, there  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  evaporation 
will  go  on  much  more  freely,  but  the  atmosphere 
is  becoming  warmer  instead  of  colder,  and  the  sun's 
rays  exert  their  counteracting  influence. 

The  darkened  surface  of  the  soil — that  very  condi- 
tion which  makes  the  ground  throw  off  its  heat  more 
readily  during  the  night — causes  it  to  imbibe  the 
heat  of  the  sun's  rays  by  day  with  increased  facility, 
so  that  we  have  the  greatest  amount  of  the  fostering 
agencies  of  heat  and  moisture  for  successful  plant- 
growth. 

Artificial  waterings,  to  be  most  effective,  should  be 
copious  and  abundant,  and  applied  either  in  early 
morning  or  during  a  dull  day. 

Water  that  has  been  previously  exposed  to  the 
sun's   rays  is  always   preferable  to  that  freshly  ob- 


40 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[July  9,  1887. 


tained  from  a  cold  tank  or  well,  owinp;  to  the  chill 
imparted  to  the  circulatory  fluid  of  the  plants  by  the 
application  of  such  low  temperatured  water.  J.  J.  W. 


FLORISTS'    TULIPS. 

Will  this  gorgeous  flower  ever  be  grown  in  the 
South  of  England  again  ?  Time  was  when  there  was 
a  considerable  circle  of  leading  and  a  number  of 
small  growers  within  the  county  of  Middlesex — when 
John  Edwards  at  HoUoway,  Henry  Groom  and 
Henry  Goldham  at  Clapham,  the  brothers  La%vrence 
at  Hampton,  S.  Sanders  at  Staines,  and  others,  grew 
fine  and  varied  collections  ;  while  at  Walworth, 
Camberwell,  and  other  suburbs,  small  collections 
were  grown  by  less  ambitious  enthusiasts.  As  late  as 
1864  I  saw  small  beds  in  some  of  the  back  gardens 
of  the  houses  in  the  south  side  of  the  Walworth 
Road,  as  I  travelled  by  the  London,  Chatham,  and 
Dover  Railway.  To  the  best  of  my  knowledge  Mid- 
dlesex does  not  contain  a  collection  of  named  florists' 
Tulips;  and  1  do  not  know  of  a  single  grower  south 
of  Warwick — at  least  one  who  grows  for  exhibition. 
In  Cheshire,  Lancashire,  and  Yorkshire,  the  interest 
in  this  flower  is  still  maintained,  as  was  shown  in  the 
extent  of  the  recent  Tulip  show  at  Manchester,  and 
in  the  fact  that  while  some  old  exhibitors  could  not 
compete,  owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  season,  some 
new  ones  put  in  a  first  appearance,  to  the  encourage- 
ment of  the  principal  supporters  of  the  show. 

New  Tulips  grow  by  slow  degrees.  A.  few  pro- 
mising unnamed  seedlings  were  shown  on  this  occa- 
sion, but  nothing  of  a  distinct  and  striking  character 
that  would  justify  the  bestowal  of  a  certificate. 
Feathered  flowers,  generally  scarce,  appeared  to  be 
unusually  numerous — more  so  than  the  flamed  flowers. 
Breeders  were  fairly  numerous,  but  unless  it  is  in  the 
case  of  a  well-known  strain  that  can  be  depended 
upon,  many  breeders  when  they  change  to  rectifled 
flowers  show  poor  and  unsatisfactory  results,  while 
ugly  and  dull  coloured  ones  will  be  transformed  into 
floral  gems  of  the  first  water. 

In  the  way  of  feathered  bizarres  a  few  were  shown 
in  fine  form;  prominent  was  Commander,  very  fine 
on  this  occasion,  the  golden  ground  and  rich  dark 
feathering  being  good,  and  there  was  lacking  the 
stained  stamens  that  frequently  mar  the  beauty 
of  the  variety.  Masterpiece  was  in  excellent  form, 
with  its  dark,  almost  black,  feathering.  General 
Grant,  one  of  the  late  John  Hepworth's  seedlings,  has 
a  deep  yellow  ground,  and  brilliant  red  feather,  but 
is  a  little  dull  at  the  base.  William  Wilson  (Hardy), 
was  very  good.  Asclepias  (Thurstan),  is  a  good 
feathered  bizarres.  Garibaldi  is  one  of  the  best 
feathered  bizarres;  and  a  few  good  blooms  of  Sir 
Joseph  Faxton  were  shown  in  this  character.  Flamed 
bizarres  were  lesi  numerous  ;  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  a 
fine  old  and  reliable  variety,  was  numerously  shown, 
and  selected  as  the  premier  flamed  flower  of  the 
show.  It  appears  to  be  something  like  a  tradition 
among  the  Northern  judges  that  this  variety  should 
be  selected  to  occupy  this  proud  position.  Car- 
buncle, broken  by  Mr.  S.  Barlow,  is  a  remarkably 
fine  flower,  large,  fine  form,  and  so  pure  at  the  base 
as  not  to  require  bleaching.  It  was  thought  by  good 
judges  to  have  been  the  best  flamed  flower  in  the 
entire  show.  Dr.  Hardy  was  very  fine  ;  and  Poly- 
phemus, a  flower  seventy  or  eighty  years  old  at  least, 
very  finely  marked.  Orion  was  finely  marked  also, 
but  showed  touches  of  the  greenness  at  the  base  to 
which  it  is  subject.  Ajax  and  William  Lea  were 
both  in  fairly  good  form. 

Feathered  roses,  as  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Horner  has 
aptly  remarked,  are  among  the  fairest  and  gentlest 
of  the  show  Tulip,  and  the  custom  of  giving  thera 
feminine  names  is  a  general  one.  Annie  McGregor 
was  very  fine  in  shape  and  marking  ;  and  it  is  one  of 
the  best  feathered  roses  in  cultivation.  Mr.  Thurs- 
tan (Thurstan)  is  really  beautiful  in  a  feathered 
state  with  its  bright  scarlet-crimson  marking;  good 
form  and  pure  in  the  ground.  Nanny  Gibson  was 
very  good,  but  it  was  frequently  disfigured  by  a 
bluish  marking  in  the  ground.  Mrs.  Lomax,  or 
Mabel,   and    old    Heroine   were  very   good.      Julia 


Farnese  isja  very^useful  variety,  pure  in  the  ground 
with  a  bright  scarlet,  thick  and  broad,  or  what  is 
termed  a  "  plated  "  feather.  Modesty  and  Industry 
were  both  very  good.  The  leading  flamed  roses 
were  Annie  McGregor,  as  good  flamed  as  feathered  ; 
Mrs.  Lea,  a  very  scarce  variety,  was  also  well 
shown;  Lady  Catherine  Gordon  is  an  old  variety, 
shown  in  very  flne  form,  but  too  young,  as  it  required 
more  time  for  the  base  to  bleach.  Aglaia  is  an  old 
but  good  and  useful  early  variety,  but  with  narrow 
petals. 

Feathered  byblo?mens,  always  a  scarce  class,  were, 
with  one  or  two  exceptions,  weakly  shown.  Mrs. 
Cooper  was  very  fine  indeed,  and  should  have  had 
the  honour  of  being  selected  as  the  premier  feathered 
flower,  being  undoubtedly  the  flnest  feathered  bybloe- 
men  in  cultivation,  and  so  constant  as  to  rarely 
produce  a  rough  flower.  A  seedling  (Woolley)  is  of 
the  style  of  Friar  Tuck,  and  is  a  distinct  well  made 
and  useful  flower.  Bessie  is  a  good  flower,  but 
requires  time  for  the  base  to  bleach  ;  it  was  then 
shown  with  stained  bottoms  in  consequence.  Mrs. 
Jackson,  with  its  glossy  black  feathering,  was  very 
pure  ;  Adonis  was  fairly  well  shown. 

Of  bizarre  breeder  Tulips  the  best  were  Sir  J. 
Paxton,  Horatio,  a  grand  breeder,  said  to  have  been 
raised  by  the  late  Richard  Headly  ;  William  Lea, 
very  fine,  and  William  Wilson,  of  a  kind  of  leathery- 
yellow  colour,  with  a  brownish  edge.  The  three 
best  bizarre  breeders  are  Sir  J.  Paxton,  Dr.  Hardy, 
a  little  small  but  very  correct,  and  Horatio.  The 
three  best  byblcemen  breeders  are  Alice  Grey,  light 
lilac,  always  good;  Glory  of  Stakehill,  undoubtedly 
the  champion  of  the  class  ;  and  Beauty  of  Litchurch. 
David  Jackson  should  be  noted  as  an  early  variety. 
The  three  best  rose  breeders  are  Mrs.  Barlow,  a 
beautiful  flower;  Mabel,  and  Miss  Burdett  Coutts, 
one  of  the  best ;  Annie  McGregor  is  very  good,  of  a 
pleasing  bright  rose  colour,  very  pure  at  the  base. 

In  addition,  Mr.  James  Thurstan,  of  Cardiff, 
secured  prizes  for  seedling  breeders,  bizarres,  roses, 
and  byblocmens  ;  and  the  Rev.  F.  D.  Horner  had 
some  promising  seedlings  also.  Some  seedling  recti- 
fied flowers  were  shown  by  Messrs.  D.  WooUey  and 
W.  Dyraock,  of  Stockport.  R.  D. 


New  Inventions. 


HOUSE'S  REGISTERED  EXHIBITION-BOX. 
Mh.  John  House,  Eastgate  Nurseries,  Peter- 
borough, has  just  registered  an  exhibition-box  for 
Roses  and  other  cut  flowers,  which,  if  generally 
adopted  by  the  Rose-growing  and  exhibiting  frater- 
nity, would  do  much  to  improve  the  unsightly  appear- 
ance of  some  of  our  leading  Rose  shows.  Who  has  not 
had  their  sense  of  fitness  in  things  greatly  outraged 
when  attending  an  exhibition  of  Roses,  by  seeing 
lines  of  boxes  of  different  sizes,  heights,  and  colours, 
holding  flowers  arranged  in  tubes  on  moss,  the 
flowers  at  varying  elevations,  and  the  moss  too  often 
slovenly  placed  under  the  flowers,  and  frequently  of 
a  colour  that  detracts  from,  rather  than  adds  to,  the 
effectiveness  of  the  blooms.  Then  in  some  localities 
good  moss  is  very  difficult  to  obtain,  and  this  con- 
sideration induced  Mr.  House  to  set  about  finding  a 
substitute.  He  states  that  moss  cannot  be  got 
within  20  miles  of  Peterborough,  and,  indeed,  no- 
where on  the  limestone  formation,  but  only 
where  there  is  a  moist  clay  or  retentive  loam. 
Mr.  House  utilises  the  regulation  Rose-box  with 
its  olive-green  colour,  and  adds  a  stand  which 
fits  into  it,  made  of  plain  deal  in  the  form  of 
a  shallow  box  without  a  bottom,  with  rounded 
edges  and  perforated  holes  for  the  flowers.  Over 
this  is  spread  a  dark  moss-green  carpet-like  ma- 
terial, manufactured  expressly  for  the  purpose,  from 
which  water  runs  as  from  a  duck's  back,  and  which 
does  not  soon  soil ;  and  brass  or  zinc  rims  are  placed 
round  the  tube-holes.  The  material  is  stret^-hed 
tightly  over  the  stand,  and  it  is  raised  about  three- 
quarters  of  an  inch  above  the  box.  By  means  of  the 
patent  tubes  so  much  used  the  flowers  can  be  raised 


to  any  desired  level,  and  Mr.  House  has  added  a  clip 
to  take  the  name  of  the  variety.  This  clip,  which 
while  sufliciently  elevated  to  enable  the  name  to  be 
easily  read,  is  yet  low  enough  down  not  to  affect  the 
effectiveness  of  the  stand.  Mr.  House  has  in  the 
windows  of  his  shop  in  Eastgate  Street  two  of  these 
boxes,  one  filled  wholly  with  Marechal  Niel,  the 
other  with  various  coloured  Roses  ;  and  whether  the 
blooms  be  light  or  dark,  the  colour  of  the  material 
used  appears  to  throw  up  the  flowers  to  the  best 
advantage.  If  this  box  could  come  into  general 
use,  the  improved  neatness  and  order  seen  in 
lines  of  stands  of  cut  Roses  could  not  fail  to  strike 
the  observer.  A  stand  will  last  a  long  time,  and  the 
difficulty  of  obtaining  nice  fresh  green  moss  is 
obviated  altogether.  It  is  Mr.  House's  intention  to 
exhibit  his  boxes  at  the  leading  Rose  shows.  7?.  D, 


THE  VINTAGE  AT  RHEIMS. 

Qdite  apart  from  the  delight  experienced  by  those 
privileged  to  see  that  vision  of  loveliness,  the  west 
front  of  Rheims  Cathedral,  and  to  enjoy  the  exqui- 
site proportions  of  that  edifice,  is  the  pleasure  to  be 
gained  by  a  survey  of  the  details  which  go  to  make 
up  so  harmonious  a  whole.  These  details  make  up 
a  wonderful  story-book,  crowded  with  information  as 
to  the  thoughts,  feelings,  and  doings  of  our  ances- 
tors. The  whole  business  of  their  lives  is  illus- 
trated, and  its  motive-force  suggested.  At  Rheims,  in 
the  midst  of  the  champagne  district,  it  is  not  won- 
derful that  Vine  culture  should  be  represented.  Our 
illustration  (fig.  9)  is  taken  from  a  capital,  probably 
of  the  later  part  of  the  twelfth,  or  earlier  portion  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  The  camel  is  probably  a 
reminiscence  of  the  Crusades,  for  these  creatures 
did  not  roam  in  the  vineyards  of  eastern  France  at 
any  time  within  mortal  memory. 


A  WEST  INDIAN  FOREST. 

(Concluded  from  p.  J  O.J 

We  are  awakened  by  Mr.  William  coming  into 
the  room  with  a  stable-lamp  to  look  at  the  clock. 
After  announcing  in  a  melancholy  voice  that  it  is 
10  minutes  past  4,  he  takes  himself  off.  The  sand- 
flies are  at  their  worst,  and  sleep  being  impossible,  I 
lie  awake  (as  I  find  my  companion  has  been  doing 
all  night)  watching  Orion  through  the  window 
shining  with  glorious  brilliancy,  gradually  to  fade 
before  the  coming  dawn.  A  night  bird  is  feeding  on 
moths  or  okher  prey  outside,  making  a  strange  clatter 
on  the  roof,  along  which  he  sweeps  or  runs  at  fre- 
quent intervals.  I  could  see  him  circling  in  the  grey 
dawn  outside  between  each  charge.  But  it  is  time 
to  be  up,  and  after  a  bucketful  of  cold  water  by  way 
of  bath,  we  get  ready.  Mr.  Striker's  brother  is  wait- 
ing for  us  on  his  ass  outside,  and  the  expedition  soon 
starts.  We  have  a  most  interesting  morning's  ride,  and 
I  shall  never  forget  the  unearthly  beauty  of  the  first 
mile  of  it.  Great  masses  of  mountain  mist  sweep 
across  our  path  and  fill  the  woods,  clinging  among 
the  foliage.  These  clouds  come  and  go  about  us  like 
palpable  shadows,  and  \vrap  up  the  unfamiliar  trees 
as  with  a  shroud.  Steam  is  rising  from  the  fever 
swamps  in  the  valleys,  and  the  "morning  on  the 
mountain  tops  '"  is  not  the  glad  golden  glory  of  the 
valley-loving  poet,  but  a  clammy  spectral  thing  one 
feels  the  cold  touch  of.  The  stillness  is  broken  by  a 
barking  sound  in  some  high  trees  we  have  just 
passed  ;  the  boy  whispers  to  me,  "  Macaque,"  and  we 
draw  under  cover  to  watch  for  the  monkeys.  I  see 
a  dark  body  swing  i)ast  far  aloft ;  they  have  gone  off 
in  another  direction,  and  my  chance  for  this  time 
is  lost.  We  duly  reach  the  sulphur  spring  in  a  dried- 
up  river  bed,  and  return  without  anything  of  par- 
ticular interest  occurring,  if  I  may  say  so  of  a  journey 
through  woods  containing  things  novel  to  me  at 
every  hand. 

Our  forenoon  excursion  leads  us  round  the  lake. 
Surely  any  human  being  can  go  round  a  lake  without 
losing  himself — about  the  length  of  the  Serpentine 
and  twice  its  breadth.  Even  when  lost  it  is  the 
usual  course  to  travel  more  or  less  in  a  circle — 
though  the  circle  need  not  be  the  one  intended.     To 


Jolt  n,  1887.] 


TEE     GABDEXEnS'     'CIIBONICLE. 


41 


keep  sucli  a  course  in  the  "  high  woods  "  with  a  rare 
glimpse  of  the  water  and  with  the  diversions  of 
catching  lizards  and  other  collecting  to  disturb  one's 
sense  of  direction,  is  anything  but  easy.  Cox  and 
Cassar  do  not  like  handling  them,  but  on  assuring 
them  of  the  harmless  nature  of  the  prey  and  offering 
a  small  reward  a  head  they  are  equal  to  the  occasion. 
Our  plan  is  as  follows; — I  advance  first  with  a 
long  Bamboo  in  one  hand  and  a  cutlass  in  the  other, 
though  there  is  little  undergrowth  to  begin  with. 
"When  a  lizard  is  "  spotted  "  I  liold  up  my  hand  and 
Cox  and  C:vsar  join  me.  The  lizard  is  perched  on 
the  trunk  of  a  tree  ;  as  the  stick  is  brought  near  him 
to  swoop  him  off  he  darts  upwards  in  a  spiral  course 
round  the  tree  for  6  or  8  feet.  I  can  still  reach  him, 
however,  and  as  soon  as  he  stops,  down  he  comes  to 
the  ground,  where  Cox  and  Caesar  await  him  like 
cats.  Then  follows  an  exciting  chase  among  dead 
leaves  and  branches,  and  sometimes  he  is  not  cap- 
tured before  he  has  ascended  another  tree,  and  the 
operation  with  the  Bamboo  gone  through  again.     AVe 


every  few  yards  a  sluggish  stream  w'.th  deep  black  mud 
at  the  bottom  and  sides  to  be  jumped.  Balisiers 
(Cannas)  are  growing  as  densely  as  they  may  between, 
and  but  for  their  binding  it  together,  the  mud  would 
be  continuously  soft  and  treacherous.  We  cut  a  path 
through  these  and  go  out  of  our  way  to  find  fallen 
tree  trunks  to  cross  by,  more  on  account  of  the 
heavily  laden  negroes  than  for  ourselves.  All  this 
leads  to  considerable  uncertainty  as  to  our  course 
since  we  have  been  out  of  sight  of  the  lake 
for  a  long  time,  and  the  tortuous  courses  of  the 
streams  are  no  guide,  and  their  current  impercep- 
tible. It  is  not  a  pleasant  place  to  be  lost  in,  and 
we  think  of  yesterday's  experience  as  a  small  matti.-r. 
However,  we  push  on  hopefully  across  this  steaming 
swamp,  and  cut  and  slash  and  stumble  from  one 
jump  to  the  next.  One  or  other  of  us  is  constantly 
coming  to  grief  in  tiie  mud,  and  we  present  a  woful 
spectacle  as,  bes]3attercd,  perspiring,  and  gasping,  we 
clear  our  way  through  this  great  natural  forcing- 
house.     {My  next  visit  to  this  swamp  had  the  added 


will  take  a  stroll  in  puris  Jiafuralibtts  for  a  few 
minutes,  he  will  adequately  atone  for  the  gravest 
offence.  Soon  afterwards  we  come  upon  known 
country,  and  so  back  to  the  hut  and  the  friendly 
Striker.   G.  Murray, 


Fig.    0.— SCULPTtJEE   in    EHEIMS   cathedral   SHOWIKG   THE  TINTAOE.      (sEE  P,    40.) 


find  this  more  certain  than  fishing  for  him  with  a 
noose  at  the  end  of  the  Bamboo,  which  is  best  when 
one  is  alone.  When  captured  he  is  placed  in  a 
Bamboo  joint  with  a  cloth  tied  over  the  open  end 
(the  diaphragm  forming  the  bottom  of  this  collecting 
case).  If  two  or  more  be  put  into  the  same  Bamboo 
they  will  certainly  fight  and  spoil  each  other  of  their 
tails — and  thus  ruin  themselves  as  specimens  of  their 
kind,  for  the  lizard  has  no  ambition  to  be  regarded  as 
the  type  of  his  race  any  more  than  I  have  to  exchange 
places  with  Professor  Flower's  Homo  sapiens  in  the 
Natural  History  Museum.  The  hunt  goes  on  with 
much  excitement  and  success  until  we  suddenly 
leave  lizard  country  and  reach  the  marshy  ground 
at  the  back  of  the  lake,  where  it  receives  the 
drainage  from  the  high  peak  we  ascended  yester- 
day. Just  as  we  reach  it,  and  when  I  am 
well  in  advance,  admiring  the  vast  trunks  and 
buttresses  of  a  group  of  Silk-cotton  trees  we  hear 
the  barking  of  monkeys  in  the  branches  above  us, 
and  I  see  several  sapajous  swing  themselves  off  with 
great  rapidity  in  the  branches  far  above  us.  My 
companions  are  too  late.  We  now  enter  upon  a 
long  and  trying  march  across  a  terrible  swamp  with 


discomfort  of  a  drenching  tropical  rain,  which  was 
more  than  balanced,  however,  by  a  greater  cer- 
tainty as  to  my  course.)  The  negroes  follow  in 
our  steps  with  wonderful  steadiness,  and  when 
the  last  jump  has  been  cleared  and  the  last 
Balisier  cut  down,  we  reach  only  a  clump  of 
fallen  trunks,  amid  a  luxuriance  of  tall  Razor- 
grass.  If  the  swamp  were  the  "  deep  sea,''  the  Kazor- 
gi-ass  is  "the  devil,"  and  we  stand  between  them 
without  a  spark  of  sympathy  from  our  followers, 
whose  naked  pachydermatous  bodies  defy  Kazor- 
grass,  which  cuts  us  deeply.  To  make  matters 
worse,  my  leggings  and  knee-breeches,  though  of 
course  they  usually  overlapped,  have  parted  company, 
displaying  a  circle  round  my  knees  an  inch  or  two 
in  breadth.  All  attempts  to  rig  these  are  unavail- 
ing, and  our  handkerchiefs  have  been  tied  over 
Bamboo  joints  with  lizards  in  them,  which  could  not 
be  sacrificed.  "With  a  courage  instilled  into  me  by 
the  swamp  behind  I  advance.  When  it  is  over  my 
knees  look  as  if  I  had  been  wearing  garters  such  as 
some  Inquisitor  of  old  might  have  invented.  If  any  one 
is  anxious  to  do  penance  in  an  original  and  highly 
effective  way  I  can  direct  him  to  a  spot  where,  if  h^ 


Roses. 

ROSES    IN    POTS. 

I  WROTE  on  the  treatment  of  Koscs  in  pots  on 
March  12,  at  a  time  wlieii  they  were  cither  in  flower 
in  the  greenhouse,  or  being  forced  into  flower  in  the 
early  vineries  or  otlier  structures.  Tlie  out-of-doors 
Koses  are  now  in  flower,  and  at  such  a  time  there  is 
some  probability  of  those  in  pots  being  neglected. 
They  ought  to  be  placed  out-of-doors,  in  a  convenient 
position  as  regards  watering,  and  should  not  suffer 
from  want  of  water  at  any  time.  The  danger  consists 
in  tlie  leavss  being  injured  by  the  parasitical  attacks 
of  insects,  or  mildew,  or  rust. 

The  most  insidious  attack  is  to  be  feared  from  red- 
spider,  other  parasites,  such  as  greenfly,  mildew,  and 
the  pretty-coloured  orange  fungus,  are  easily  de- 
tected ;  but  too  often  the  red-spider  is  not  observed 
until  the  leaves  become  yellow.  It  attacks  the  older, 
lower  leaves  on  the  growths  first,  and  as  these 
become  exhausted  and  drop  off  it  rapidly  spreads 
upwards.  It  generally  appears  as  soon  as  the  hot, 
dry  weather  sets  in,  and  as  a  preventive  the  leaves 
should  be  daily  syringed  ;  this  not  only  prevents  the 
spider  from  doing  any  material  injury  but  to  a  large 
extent  wards  off  the  other  ills  that  Rose  leaves  are 
heir  to.  Most  gardeners  and  amateurs  know  well 
how  to  destroy  insect  and  other  pests.  The  greatest 
difficulty  at  this  season  is  to  find  time  to  apply  the 
remedies  when  so  many  things,  even  in  small  gar- 
dens, require  attention.  The  plants  require  con- 
siderable supplies  of  water,  as  well  overhead  as  at 
the  roots,  during  these  pi"olonged  seasons  of  drought ; 
the  pots  may  be  plunged  partially  or  wholly  in 
ashes,  or  some  similar  material ;  but  not  in  cocoa- 
nut-fibre  refuse,  which  does  not  answer  so  well  to 
plunge  plants  in  during  the  summer  months  as  it 
does  for  winter. 

The  early  forced  plants,  or  even  those  that  bloomed 
later,  may  now  be  repotted.  The  object  of  this  is  to 
get  them  well  established  in  the  pots  in  which  they 
are  to  flower  during  the  winter.  Unless  they  have 
become  well  rooted  into  the  new  potting  material, 
they  cannot  be  expected  to  flower  very  strongly  in 
winter  when  days  are  dark  and  the  hours  of  sun- 
shine few.  VTe  grow  for  pot-culture  the  largest  pro- 
portion of  Tea-scented  varieties,  and  as  these  have 
so  much  increased  in  variety  and  beauty  during  the 
last  few  years — the  reddish  colours  being  prominent 
amongst  them — there  is,  therefore,  less  need  to  grow 
hybrid  perpetuals,  unless  indeed  the  owner  prefers 
them  to  Teas,  which  is  quite  probable,  as  the  rich 
colour  of  the  flowers  of  some,  as  well  as  their  distinct 
and  grateful  perfume,  makes  them  the  most  esteemed 
of  spring  flowers. 

Compai-isons  are  out  of  ]ilace,  but  there  are 
few  Orchids  that  would  be  chosen  before  a  well  grown 
forced  Rose  bush  in  the  spring  months.  The  English- 
raised  Tea  Roses  now  compete  successfully  with  the 
best  of  the  Continental  varieties.  Mr.  Bennett,  of 
Shepperton,  has  sent  out,  and  has  yet  in  bis  posses- 
sion, many  of  superior  merit.  Cleopatra,  exhibited  at 
South  Kensington  and  at  Richmond  quite  recently, 
is  of  the  President  type,  but  the  flowers  stand  erect, 
and  the  deep,  shell-like  petals  of  a  rosy-salmon 
colour,  and  of  great  substance,  surpass  that  good  old 
variety.  Princess  Beatrice  is  quite  distinct  in 
character,  but  has  proved  to  be  quite  as  valuable  as 
a  summer  Rose  as  it  had  previously  shown  its 
merits  for  early  spring  forcing.  The  stems  of 
many  of  the  flowers  of  Tea  Roses  are  not  strong 
enough  to  hold  the  flowers  erect :  Princess  Beatrici! 
has  not  this  fault,  but  has  as  stout  flower-stems  as 
some  of  the  hybrid  perpetuals  :  the  flowers  are  also 
full,  and  of  the  colour  of  Madame  Falcot.  This  fine 
varietv  received  a  First-class  Certificate   in  Margli 


42 


THE    GARDEnBns'     CtljROl^lCLE. 


[July  9,  1887. 


last  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  and  another  First-class  at 
Richmond  on  June  29.  As  the  Rose  shows  are  just 
commencing,  it  would  be  premature  to  comment  on 
the  new  Continental  varieties  until  they  are  over, 
and  information  has  been  obtained  from  growers  in 
distant  localities.  Jas.  Bonr/la^. 


RED    SPIDER    ON   VINES. 

I  TOOK  much  interest  in  the  discussion  in 
a  former  number  about  red-sjnder  on  Vines,  and 
confess  I  was  a  little  surprised  at  seeing  such  able 
cultivators  declare  their  inability  to  master  it.  It 
was  the  fact,  and  not  its  publication,  that  surprised 
me,  for  I  fully  approve  of  making  one's  failures 
known  .as  well  as  one's  successes  ;  it  is  less  common, 
but  without  comparison  the  most  instructive  prac- 
tice. I  do  not  pretend  to  teach  Englishmen  tlie 
management  of  vineries,  as  most  of  what  I  know 
about  it  I  have  got  from  them,  still  there  are  a  few 
points  not  yet  mentioned  which  I  consider  of  some 
importance  in  this  relation. 

Of  course  I  have  suffered  from  red-spider  on  Vines 
as  well  as  on  Peaches,  Figs,  and  Strawberries,  but 
not  without  being  able  to  account  for  it,  or  having 
myself  to  blame.  For  instance,  early  pot- Vines 
in  the  Pine-stove ;  at  about  tlie  blooming  period 
they  touch  a  slielf  with  ripening  Strawberries  for  two 
or  three  weeks,  and  of  course  get  badly  affected,  and 
are  not  afterwards  easily  cured ;  but  Vines  over- 
lianging  tlie  front  path  in  tlie  same  house  (the  shelf 
is  at  the  back)  are  quite  free.  In  an  early  vinery  I 
planted  new  sorts  (to  us)  on  my  arrival  here ; 
I  have,  amongst  others,  got  Duke  of  Buccleuch  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  (not  fit  companions).  The 
Duke  is  much  valued  for  its  noble  apjjearance  ;  and 
the  consumption  of  water  at  the  root  being  lessened 
when  it  commences  to  ripen,  all  water  in  any  form 
being  withheld  to  prevent  cracking,  then  of  course 
red-spider  turns  up,  and  is  able  to  injure  the  late 
ripening  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  But  before  that 
period  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  red-spider  ;  still 
there  are  in  the  same  house,  in  the  earlier  periods, 
forced  things,  such  as  Strawberries,  Figs,  and  Beans 
in  pots.  These  are  facts,  and  of  course  do  not  give 
any  information  ;  it  is  in  accounting  for  these  facts 
I  find  the  above-mentioned  points. 

To  commence  at  the  beginning,  all  forcing-houses 
are  at  starting  time  whitewashed,  and  the  woodwork 
"washed  with  soap-water ;  but  every  good  cultivator 
does  that ;  next  comes  one  of  my  points.  Kvery  bit 
of  Vine  is  painted  with  a  mixture  of  lime  (slaked  or 
hot),  soot,  soap,  sulphur,  and — where  there  is  any 
fear  of  aphis,  as  on  Peaches  and  Cherries — tobacco 
and  quassia -water.  This  is  made  of  the  consistency 
of  thin  paint  and  applied  with  a  brush.  The  ingre- 
dients, perhaps,  look  numerous,  but  they  are  easily 
got  together,  and  do  not  cost  much  ;  the  quantitv  of 
each  is  not  of  much  importance — they  are  never 
weiglied  liere.  Take  lime  and  soot  as  the  body,  and 
in  such  proportion  that  the  colour  becomes  a  natural 
grey-brown  ;  add  some  soap  to  make  it  sticky  and  able 
to  keep  on  the  rods  for  the  season  ;  a  handful  of 
flowers  of  sulphur  to  a  couple  of  gallons  of  the  mix- 
ture will  be  sufficient.  Had  I  .any  fear  of  mildew  on 
Vines  I  should  use  more  sulphur;  still  this  mixture 
is  often  used  on  pipes  and  flues  where  Roses  or 
Strawberries  are  forced.  It  does  not  prevent  mildew 
on  these,  as  it  is  seldom  applied  before  mildew  is 
seen,  but  wlien  applied  at  intervals  keeps  it  in  clieck. 
I  always  make  a  great  point  of  getting  this  applied 
during  the  winter  (still  the  temperature  must  be 
above  the  freezing-point)  to  all  Vines,  Peaches, 
Figs,  and  fruit  trees  in  pots,  and  I  am  sure  I  am 
well  repaid  for  the  trouble. 

Last  spring  I  liad  a  good  example  in  the  orchard- 
house.  About  a  dozen  Pear  trees  in  pots  did  not 
get  their  apjilication.  They  were  not  syringed  much 
before  blooming,  and  not  at  all  during  that  period 
and  for  perhaps  several  days  after,  'When  the 
leaves  appeared  I  noticed  a  great  difference  between 
these  and  the  painted  ones ;  they  were  badly  affected 
with  spider,  and  the  painted  ones  quite  free.     This 


application  makes  a  good  start,  but  of  course  it  is 
not  a  preventive  for  the  whole  season ;  but  before 
entering  on  such  a  one  I  should  like  to  relate  what 
an  old  nobleman  and  landed  proprietor  (a  relation  of 
my  employer)  once  asked  me.  We  were  looking  at 
some  Oranges  in  pots  badly  affected  with  mealy- 
bugs. (This  culture  is  not  old  here,  and  I  confess  it 
is  generally  a  non-success  ;  in  this  respect  I  envy  Mr. 
Douglas.  Apropos  of  mealy-bugs,  has  any  one  ever 
seen  them,  on  Vines,  for  instance,  survive  a  few 
degrees  of  frost?)  I  spoke  about  the  trouble  of 
keeping  them  clean  ;  "  but, "  he  said,  "is  it  not  with 
plants  as  with  animals  ?  If  I  have  got  a  healthy 
and  strong  young  animal  it  never  gets  vermin,  but  a 
weak  and  sickly  one  always  does."  I  answered  that 
it  was  difficult  to  say  what  was  the  cause,  but  I  be- 
lieved there  was  something  in  it,  and  I  believe  so 
still.  This  is  not  meant  as  a  teaching  to  English 
Vine  gi'owers,  for  I  believe  their  Vines  are  generally 
as  strong  and  healthy  as  they  can  be,  still  I  find  it  a 
useful  axiom  to  keep  in  mind  in  all  cases. 

I  have  re.ad  several  English  books  about  Vines, 
and  never  miss  an  article  on  that  subject  in  the 
Gardeners  Chronicle ;  in  fact,  most  knowledge  in 
that  way  is  of  English  origin,  and  generally  I  have 
not  lost  by  acting  accordingly;  but  one  advice 
that  always  struck  me  I  never  adopted  or  understood. 
I  mean  the  almost  universal  rule  that  you,  at  closing 
time,  shall  damp  down  your  vineries  and  then  leave 
them  for  the  night.  At  first  I  thought  by  "closing 
time  "  was  meant  when  the  establishment  was  closed, 
and  in  that  case  there  was  not  much  to  object  to ; 
still  when  that  is,  as  in  most  cases  iu  England,  at 
6  o'clock,  I  thought  it  rather  early ;  but  I  learnt 
afterwards  that  the  meaning  was  when  the  vinery 
was  closed  —  that  is,  about  4  p.m.,  or  perhaps 
before,  and  after  that  I  could  not  understand  the 
practice  at  all,  and  only  wonder  that  these  serious 
complaints  of  attacks  by  red-spider  have  not  ap- 
peared before.  What  will  the  proportion  of  humidity 
in  the  atmosphere  be  in  such  a  vinery  during  the 
night,  especially  in  cold  nights,  with  much  fire-heat? 
Has  any  one  ever  tried  it  by  a  hygrometer?  I 
should  think  the  air  would  be  parching  dry  for  many 
hours,  and  the  vinery  the  best  possible  breeding- 
place  for  red-spider;  the  results  point  in  that 
direction. 

I  have  many  objections  to  tliis  early  damping,  but 
there  are  three  very  strong  ones,  and  they  will  be 
sufficient.  I.  The  air  will  be  dry,  and  thereby 
favonr  red-spider.  That  this  really  is  the  case  I  do 
not  think  needs  any  proof;  simple  observation  will 
show  it,  and  a  little  reasoning  makes  it  very  easy  to 
be  understood.  That  dryness  and  heat,  especially 
from  pipes  or  flues,  foster  or  favour  red-s])ider  I  take 
for  granted.  That  the  atmosi)here  in  a  glass  struc- 
ture cannot  keep  its  humidity  for  fifteen  hours 
(from  4  P.M.  to  7  a.m.),  when  the  outside  air,  .and 
thereby  the  glass  surface,  is  cold,  I  find  obvious. 
Only  look  at  the  quantity  of  water  condensed  on  the 
inner  surface  ;  that  is,  of  course,  taken  from  the 
atmosphere  inside  ;  besides,  part  of  the  applied  water 
is  absorbed  by  tiie  soil  and  walls,  and  some  will 
escape  by  the  always  existing  interch-ange  of  air. 
Put  all  these  losses  together,  and  you  will  find  the 
inside  air  must  be  very  dry  long  before  the  next 
morning.  I  am  well  aware  of  a  few  facts  tending  in 
the  opposite  direction,  viz.,  when  the  air  is  saturated 
with  vapour  at  a  high  temperature  it  may  lose  water 
as  the  temperature  falls,  and  still  be  saturated,  but 
the  temperature  does  not  fall  much  in  a  vinerv: 
really  wet  soil  and  walls  may  yield  humidity  instead 
of  absorbing,  still  this  source  does  not  last  long 
when  the  pipes  are  hot.  The  conditions  of  the  case 
are  altered  only  at  that  period  when  there  is  little 
difference  between  the  inside  and  outside  tempera- 
tures; and  will  allow  that  it  is  possible  then  to  keep 
a  humid  atmosphere  through  tlie  night  by  damping 
at  4  P.M.  In  this  respect  there  certainly  is  some 
difference  between  England  and  Sweden;  here  it  is 
not  at  all  of  rare  occurrence  that  during  February 
and  March  an  uncovered  vinery  must  be  kept  at  50° 
to  55°,  while  outside  it  is  .TO°  to  40°  Fahr.  of  frost. 
An  Englishman  should  just  behold  the  layer  of  ice 


which  after  such  a  night  covers  the  glass  inside  to 
understand  what  the  atmosphere  is  losing  in  water 
during  a  very  cold  night. 

2.  I  think  it  more  natural,  and  therefore  healthier 
(the  spider  question  aside),  for  plants  in  general  to 
rest  in  a  humid  and  cooler  atmosphere  during  the 
night.  I  do  not  think  anybody — at  all  events,  not 
many  gardeners — will  protest  against  this  sentence, 
and  I  therefore  shall  not  offer  much  reasoning. 

I  should  only  like  to  remark  that  when  we  have 
the  same  end  in  view  as  Nature,  or,  as  in  this  case, 
only  wish  Grapes  as  good  as  can  be  grown  in  the 
open  in  Nature's  most  favoured  spots — say  South 
Europe — then  we  can  do  nothing  better  than  imitate 
as  closely  as  possible  the  climate  of  these  spots. 
Now,  does  anybody  mean  to  say  that  the  atmosphere 
there  is  not  almost  saturated  with  vapour  during 
most  nights  and  the  Vines  covered  with  dew  ? 
Moreover,  I  should  think  the  temperature  will  often  be 
lower  during  the  night  than  an  English  vinery  usually 
is.  But,  it  may  be  said,  we  have  not  got  the  Italian 
sky  and  sun  during  the  day,  and  that  is  why  we  must 
alter  our  night  treatment  accordingly,  and  keep  our 
Vines  warmer  and  drier  ;  I  do  not,  however,  sec  the 
force  of  that  reasoning,  the  deficiency  in  daytime  we 
cannot  at  all  make  up  at  night.  I  would  rather  say, 
deficiency  at  day  deficiency  at  night  too.  The  best 
we  can  do  to  counteract  our  worse  climate  is,  besides 
the  glass-covering,  to  give  our  Vines  the  most  pos- 
sible sun  and  light,  supplemented  by  fire-heat  and  not 
too  humid  an  atmosphere  during  daytime.  One 
thing  that  makes  up  for  the  less  intensity  of  the 
sun's  rays  in  our  much  longer  days  (here,  the  south 
of  Sweden,  ])erhaps  a  little  more  so  than  in  Eng- 
land) ;  so,  on  the  whole,  we  are  not  so  mucli  worse 
situated,  but  then  we  must  not  make  the  day  shorter 
than  it  really  is.     That  belongs  to  my  next  point. 

3.  I  consider  it  a  very  b.ad  economy  of  the  plants' 
time  to  let  them  off  at  4  o'clock,  and  we  almost  do 
this  by  damping  at  that  time.  This,  perhaps,  sounds 
a  little  strange  to  many  readers,  and  I  suppose  the 
most  part  do  not  think  it  of  such  importance  as  I 
do,  or  as  it  really  is.  I  shall  try  to  explain  my 
thoughts  without  going  too  far  into  the  physiology 
of  plants,  especially  as  I  do  not  think  physiolo- 
gists ever  paid  much  attention  to  this  subject — at 
all  events,  I  do  not  find  anything  bearing  direct  on 
it  in  Sach's  Textbook.  I  take  it  for  granted  th.it 
the  most  important  work  of  plants  is  done  under 
the  influence  of  light  and  heat  by  converting 
carbonic  acid  into  carbo-hydrates,  and  by  evapo- 
rating water ;  this  last  operation  must  necessarily 
accompany  the  first  one  in  order  to  give  substance 
to  the  parts  of  plants  formed.  Only  look  at  the 
quantity  of  water  absorbed,  and  the  need  of  its 
evaporation  through  the  leaves  will  be  evident.  I 
should  think  these  two  kinds  of  work  go  together, 
and  be  in  just  proportion  to  give  sound  and  strong 
plants.  But  to  come  to  an  end :  when  the  atmo- 
sphere is  saturated  there  will  be  no  evaporation,  and 
by  damping  down  at  4  p.m.  we  certainly  saturate  it, 
and  thereby  stop  the  plant's  work  for  the  dav. 
The  air  gets  dry  again  by-and~by,  as  I  urged  above, 
but  not  before  night,  and  then  the  plant's  work  is 
of  a  different  character  (distributing  and  perhaps 
altering  the  products  of  the  day),  and  would  most 
likely  be  best  performed  in  a  humid  atmosphere. 
This  question,  about  the  effects  on  plant -life  of 
different  hygromctrical  states  in  the  atmosphere,  is,  I 
think,  a  difficult  and  neglected  one.  Gardeners 
could  do  mucli  themselves  to  solve  it  by  always  keep- 
ing hygrometers  in  their  houses ;  the  apparatus  is 
neither  e.xpensive  nor  difficult  to  mnn.age.  One  thing 
more :  this  damping  at  4  p.m.  will  tend  to  lessen  the 
plant's  work;  I  allude  to  the  bedewing  and  thereby 
darkening  of  the  glass  that  always  accompanies  it.  I 
do  not  think  we  need  entertain  any  fear  of  giving  the 
plants  too  long  a  working  day,  I'emembering  the 
length  of  days  at  high  latitudes,  and  the  quick  and 
satisfactory  growth  made. 

It  will  be  understood  from  what  I  have  said 
that  my  practice  differs  somewliat  from  that  of 
my  English  colleagues.  Like  tliem  I  rarely  syringe 
Vines  after  growth  has  well  commenced.  The 
vineries   are   closed    when    the    temperature    other- 


Jci.Y  0,  1887.] 


TSlE    GA'RDENEBS'    C}Il?OmCLE. 


43 


wise  would  fall  below  86°  Fahr.,  say,  about  half-past 
3  o'clock,  when  it  often  rises  to  90°,  but  no  fiamping 
is  done  before  7  to  half-past  7,  when  we  leave  offworV 
-  -then  it  is  done  thoroughly,  and  in  cold  nights,  early 
in  the  season,  n.irain  at  10  o'clock.  The  night  tempera- 
ture from  the  blooming  period  onwards  is  about  (>.'i^. 
The  consequence  of  this  treatment  is  that  I  generally 
have  the  pleasure  to  see  every  leaf  furnished  with 
drops  of  dew  (or  exudation)  in  the  morning.  l>ampiug 
in  the  morning  is  only  done  when  we  use  much  fire-heat 
early  in  the  season;  and  during  the  daytime  we  only 
damp  once,  about  mid-day,  when  the  sun  is  hot :  in 
dull  warm  days  not  at  all.  In  the  orchard-house  we 
are  carrying  this  late  application  of  water  still 
further.  The  man  who  attends  to  that  has  always, 
during  June  and  July,  to  syringe  just  before  the  sun 
is  leaving  the  house,  or  about  8.30  p.m.  I  like  to  see 
some  water  still  on  the  leaves  in  the  morning,  and 
yet  do  not  syringe  then. 

On  the  whole,  I  am  a  believer  in  a  humid  and 
rather  cool  state  of  the  atmosphere  at  night,  and  in 
the  longest  possible  day  with  a  warm  and  rather  dry 
air.  Of  course  it  will  not  do  equally  well  for  every- 
thing, at  all  seasons,  but  it  will  do  for  Vines,  and  it 
will  certainly  keep  down  red-spider.  A  little  am- 
monia will  tend  to  keep  plants  robust  and  healthy, 
and  also  aid  in  preventing  red-spider  appearing. 
Very  little  is  sufficient ;  it  needs  not  to  be  plain  to 
our  senses.  It  is  best  applied  as  urine  (human  or 
animal),  a  little  in  the  troughs,  or  on  the  borders, 
once  or  twice  a-week  will  be  sufficient.  Failing 
prevention,  the  best  cure  is  syringing  with  clean 
water  as  long  as  necessary  ;  but  that  should  not  be 
many  weeks,  when  it  is  done  on  its  firPt  appearance, 
and  not  too  early  at  night,  ^f.  P.  Andsrsen,  U'rams- 
Gumarstorp,  SwcrJm. 


PENRHYN    CASTLE    GARDENS. 

Some  time  since  I  had  the  pleasure  of  walking 
through  these  beautiful  gardens  with  Mr.  W.  Speed, 
who  has  so  long  and  so  successfully  had  charge  over 
them.  The  first  place  we  went  to  was  the  small 
flower  garden,  a  short  distance  from  the  Castle.  It 
is  situated  in  a  dell,  and  is  well  sheltered  by  shrubs 
and  walls,  and  from  the  north  by  a  range  of  plant- 
houses.  Having  left  a  north-midland  county  only  the 
previous  day,  where  we  are  only  free  from  frost  for 
three  months  in  the  year,  yon  may  imagine  the  plea- 
sant surprise  it  was  to  us  to  see  a  large  plant  of 
Choisyaternata  on  a  wall  covered  with  bloom,  with 
leaves  as  large  and  as  glossy  as  those  of  an  Escallouia, 
and  filling  the  air  with  delicious  pertume.  On  another 
wall,  facing  west,  was  a  healthy  plant  of  Lapageria 
rosea,  which  last  year  bore  upwards  of  200  blooms  ;  it 
is  in  a  healthy  condition,  and  now  starting  fully  into 
growth.  On  another  wall  are  good-sized  Camellia 
trees,  seemingly  quite  at  home,  and  which,  I  under- 
stand, give  quantities  of  bloom  every  year.  Here  also 
are  to  be  seen  huge  bushes  of  the  old  Fuchsia  Kiccar- 
toni,  which  in  the  autumn  must  be  a  fine  sight. 

In  one  corner  of  this  garden  is  a  specimen  of 
Charaairops  humilis,  from  15  to  18  feet  high.  It 
h;is  been  planted  about  ten  years,  and  is  in  a  flourish- 
ing condition.  This  garden  is  planted  with  summer 
bedding  plants  in  geometrically-shaped  beds  that 
are  bordered  with  Box.  I  have  a  lively  recollection 
of  having  seen  this  garden  in  full  beauty  many  years 
ago,  and  of  the  pleasing  effect  it  produced  on  my 
mind  at  the  time.  There  are  many  more  half-hardy 
plants  in  this  garden  which,  further  from  the  sea-coast, 
are  only  met  with  in  glasshouses.  The  plant-houses 
here  contain  some  excellent  specimens  of  Palms  and 
other  useful  plants  in  a  healthy  and  clean  condition, 
and  the  roof  of  the  plant  stove  is  gay  with  climbing 
plants  in  bloom,  especially  noticeable  just  now  being 
Bougainvillea  glabra,  Clerodendrons,  Ipomcea  Hors- 
falliie,  and  Fassiflora  quadrangularis,  the  latter  bear- 
ing a  good  crop  of  fruit.  From  these  we  walked 
towards  the  carriage-drive  leading  from  Llandegai, 
where  are  te  be  seen  some  of  the  Conifers  for  which 
Penrhyn  has  long  been  famous.  The  Douglas  Spruce 
here  are  magnificent  specimens,  with  enormous 
trunks  and  spread  of  branches,  but  scarcely  so  high 


as  I  have  serti  ■elset\'heT?.  The  other  rare  and  fine 
spCCitner.s,  of  "ft-hich  I  only  had  a  glimpse,  impress 
a  Jlidland  man  not  so  much  with  their  size  as  witli 
their  free  and  kindly  growth — at  first  sight  making 
them  almost  unrecognisable  from  the  same  species 
grown  in  colder  districts.  One  specimen  of  Cupressus 
Lawsoniana  I  was  especiallv  pleased  with— a  most 
distinct  form,  and  worthy  to  be  classed  as  a  distinct 
variety. 

The  grass  margins  of  this  carriage  drive  are 
here  and  there  planted  with  native  Ferns,  Blue- 
bells, Primroses,  and  Datfodils,  and  as  seen,  when 
most  of  them  were  in  flower,  and  the  Ferns 
developing  their  young  fronds,  with  most  pleasing 
effect.  Some  may  object  to  this  way  of  planting  the 
margins  of  drives,  on  account  of  the  rather  rough 
and  untidy  appearance  later  on  ;  and  it  may  also  be 
urged  that  it  is  contrary  to  good  taste  to  bring  into 
too  strong  a  light  plants  the  nature  of  which  is  to 
love  shade  and  seclusion  ;  still,  at  the  risk  of  erring 
on  these  points,  I  think  it  is  well  to  bring  these 
"  lovely  stars  of  earth  "  into  more  prominence  for  the 
enjoyment  of  the  many  who  otherwise,  perhaps, 
would  not  see  them  at  all.  On  the  way  towards  the 
Castle  we  pass  by  many  beautiful  trees,  the  ground 
underneath  some  of  them  being  planted  with  Squills, 
Primroses,  and  Ferns,  and  the  space  between  them 
and  the  Castle  is  spanned  by  such  a  lovely  green 
sward  seldom  seen  away  from  a  moist  climate,  such 
as  this  is.  Of  trees  and  shrubs  near  the  Castle  I 
was  particularly  pleased  with  the  robust,  healthy, 
and  tree-like  appearance  of  the  Sweet  Bay ;  here  it 
grows  in  great  luxuriance  (with  us  it  is  grown  in 
pots,  and  is  preserved  under  glass  in  winter).  The 
Escallonia  so  seldom  seen  away  from  coast  places, 
is  here  perfectly  at  home,  and  no  shrub  is  pleasanter 
to  look  upon.  The  Laurustinus  are  grand  masses, 
with  still  a  scattering  of  bloom  on,  and  with  abund- 
ant indications  that  a  short  time  ago  they  must 
have  been  veritable  banks  of  bloom,  surpassing  the 
Bouvardia  in  purity. 

To  describe  the  view  from  the  carriage  entrance 
in  front  of  the  Castle  is  inflnitely  beyond  my  power 
of  expression,  but  as  there  are  those  who  may 
not  have  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  seeing  it.  I 
may  give  some  idea  of  its  beauty.  The  sky  line 
takes  in  a  great  portion  of  the  western  side  of 
the  Carnarvonshire  mountains,  and  includes  Pen- 
maen  Mawr,  Great  Orme's  Head,  Llandudno,  and  I 
think  a  portion  of  Puffin  Island  with  a  wide  stretch 
of  the  Irish  Sea  in  the  foreground  ;  and  immediately 
below  the  Castle,  reaching  to  the  river  "  Ogwen,"  is 
a  fine  belt  of  forest  trees  the  tops  of  which  only  are 
seen  from  this  height.  How  beautiful  and  effective 
the  autumnal  tints  must  be  here,  carpeting  the  space 
from  the  Castle  to  the  river  with  indescribable 
beauty.  The  kitchen  garden  is  only  u  short  distance 
from  the  Castle,  on  entering  which  one  is  at  once 
impressed  with  the  order  and  good  keeping  of  this 
department  (as  of  all  the  others).  The  Box  edging, 
which  does  well  here,  is  kept  in  nice  order,  and 
looked  especially  well,  the  young  growth  being 
so  pleasing.  Another  strong  feature  in  the  gar- 
den is  the  large  quantity  and  infinite  variety  of 
hardy  plants  to  be  seen  on  every  hand,  investing  the 
garden  with  an  old-fashioned  interest  full  of  rest  and 
enjoyment,  which  is  wanting  in  many  of  our  more 
modern  gardens. 

Vegetable  crops  were  looking  well  here  and  fully  a 
month  earlier  than  in  the  Midlands,  the  onlv  crops 
which  appear  to  fail  being  Celery  and  Onions ; 
failures  are  frequent  in  the  latter,  but  in  the  former 
rarely  heard  of.  After  the  favourable  account  given 
of  the  climate  and  of  the  growth  of  the  coniferous 
trees,  your  readers  will  be  unprepared  to  hear  that 
good  crops  of  outdoor  fruit  (excepting  bush  fniit^.are 
the  exception  instead  of  the  rule.  This  I  believe 
is  mainly  accounted  for  owing  to  the  severity  of 
the  wind  and  sometimes  hailstorms  in  spring ;  a  few 
days  previous  to  my  visit  one  of  these  storms  had 
taken  place,  and  it  was  pitiful  to  see  the  damage 
done  to  the  Pear  and  Apple  blossoms,  the  only 
chance  of  a  crop  being  the  few  later  blooms  not  yet 
expanded, 


Grapes  in  all  stages  were  looking  well  here. 
I  believe  !Mr.  Speed  generally  succeeds  in  making 
the  old  and  the  new  Grapes  shake  hands  every  spring 
— a  feat  oftener  heard  of  than  seen  accomplished, 
although  I  am  far  from  saying  there  is  much  diffi- 
culty in  this,  provided  the  accommodation  and  the 
facilities  are  at  hand.  He  had  a  few  Lady  Downe's 
left  in  good  condition  and  also  a  most  excellent 
house  of  Black  Hamburghs.  a  portion  of  which  is 
now  ripe. 

In  few  places  have  I  seen  Vines  under  better  com- 
mand than  they  are  here,  each  Vine  all  through  the 
vineries  was  carrying  from  eight  to  ten  fine  lumpy 
bunches,  and  the  strong  and  healthy  appearance  of  the 
Vines  gave  sure  indication  that  they  will  be  finished 
in  good  form.  Madresfield  Court,  which  still  gives 
trouble  to  some  growers,  succeeds  admirably  here, 
giving  no  trouble  as  regards  splitting,  and  certainly 
promising  in  due  course  to  give  grand  bunches.  Mr. 
Speed  is  opposed  to  the  system  of  close  pruning  to 
one  or  two  up,  and  practises  the  more  enlightened 
way  of  pruning  to  the  plumpest  eyes  where  the  finest 
leaves  have  been  developed.  This  practice,  as  we  all 
know,  necessitates  having  a  number  of  long  spurs 
and  sometimes  give  a  confused  and  untidy  appearance 
to  the  Vines,  but  here  this  objection  is  got  over  by 
tying  these  spurs  to  the  stem  of  the  Vine  in  a  neat 
manner,  which  to  my  mind  is  more  pleasing  even  than 
having  one  single  stick  of  a  stem. 

Peaches  are  also  well  done  here.  Jlost  Peach 
growers  are  now  well  convinced  of  the  advantages 
attending  the  frequent  lifting  of  Peach  trees  and 
giving  them  at  each  lifting  a  quantity  of  fresh  turf 
where  it  is  procurable,  and  where  it  is  not  the  advan- 
tages of  replanting  are  always  attended  with  improved 
results  if  the  work  is  carefully  and  intelligently  done, 
and  the  best  time  in  my  opinion  to  carry  out  the 
work  is  immediately  after  the  fall  of  the  leaf 
and  not,  as  some  recommend,  while  the  leaves  are 
still  green,  for  the  reason  that  the  function  of 
the  leaf  in  perfecting  and  maturing  the  buds  is 
arrested  before  the  work  is  completed,  to  the  detri- 
ment of  the  buds  and  the  subsequent  crop  of  fruit. 
Few  gardeners  can  be  stronger  advocates  of  this 
practice  than  I  am,  but  I  was  scarcely  prepared  to 
hear  from  Mr.  Speed  that  he  lifts  all  his  Peach 
trees  under  glass  every  year — certainly,  as  far  as 
their  appearance  on  my  visit  indicated,  with  satis- 
factory results.  It  must  be  remembered  when  this 
practice  is  regularly  carried  out  that  the  roots  of 
the  trees  were  much  circumscribed  and  that  the 
labour  of  lifting  even  large  trees  is  only  light,  com- 
pared to  lifting  trees  where  roots  are  permitted 
uncontrolled  liberty. 

Penrhyn  has  always  been  famous  for  its  Pine- 
apples. They  are  still  well  grown  here,  but  net 
quite  in  such  large  quantities  as  of  old.  Figs  and 
Melons  were  looking  well,  and  indeed  all  other  early 
crops  under  glass.   Tourist. 


Scotland. 

THE  GLASGOW  NECKOFOLIS. 

JtTDGiNG  by  the  piles  and  monnments  of  tomb- 
stones in  this  choice  spot,  the  ancient  text  scarcely 
fittingly  applies  :  — 

'■  The  living  know  that  they  must  die. 
Rut  all  the  dead  forgotten  lie." 

The  tens  of  thousands  of  pounds  that  hare  been 
spent  in  the  area  of  this  Xecropolis  by  relatives  and 
friends,  to  commemorate  either  affection  or  worth,  or 
both  combined,  must  strike  every  observer,  and 
points  to  an  accumulation  of  wealth  in  a  comparatively 
limited  area. 

There  is  nothing  gloomy  or  churlish  about  our 
modern  cemeteries,  for  with  diversity  of  feature 
in  configuration,  and  something  approaching  to 
method  in  decoration  with  living  trees,  shrubs, 
and  flowers,  well  made  carriage  drives  and 
walks,   good    green  turf,   and    nothing  offensive  in 


44 


THE     GAIiDENERS'     CHBONIULE. 


[Jci.T  '.),  1887. 


the  shape  of  eye-lines,  there  is  much  to  interest  the 
general  sight-seer ;  in  fact,  it  forms  no  unimportant 
part  of  progressive  gardening  art. 

The  Necropolis  in  question  is  situated  in  what  was 
once  the  most  fashionable  precinct  of  the  city,  but 
fashionable  Glasgow,  as  in  most  other  cities,  is  moving 
westwards,  and  this  division,  once  surrounded  with 
green  fields,  is  enveloped  with  public  works,  with 
piles  of  chimneys  belching  forth  clouds  of  smoke, 
which  make  seeing  at  any  distance  somewhat  diffi- 
cult. The  site  is  excellent,  being  somewhat  undu- 
lating, and  rising  to  a  point  235  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  city  proper. 

The  City  Improvement  Committee  have  widened 
many  of  the  streets  and  demolished  the  old  buildings, 
making  the  drives  from  the  principal  hotels  more 
spacious.  It  has  latterly  become  a  fashionable  pro- 
menade, no  doubt  somewhat  benefited  by  its  imme- 
diate proximity  to  the  venerated  Cathedral  or  Church 
of  St.  Mungo,  and  the  Barony  Church,  so  long  pre- 
sided over  bv  the  late  Dr.  Norman  McLeod.  A 
stone  bridge  about  30  feet  high  witli  a  span  of  50  feet 
connects  the  cathedral  grounds  with  the  Necropolis, 
and  in  a  recess  on  a  tablet  with  liandsome  pediment 
is  the  following  inscription  ;— "  The  adjoining  bridge 
was  erected  by  the  Merchants  House  of  Glasgow,  to 
afford  proper  entrance  to  their  new  cemetery,  com- 
bining convenient  access  to  tlie  grounds,  with  suit- 
able decoration  to  the  venerable  cathedral  and 
surrounding  scenery,  to  unite  the  tombs  of  many 
generations  who  have  gone  before  with  the  rest- 
ing places  destined  for  generations  yet  nnborn,  Sec. 
A.D.,1833." 

The  proprietors  seem  to  have  done  the  most  in 
the  way  of  tree  decoration,  the  lines  being  particu- 
larly bald — ^^lingular  indeed  in  tliis  respect.  In  salient 
points,  however,  that  could  not  well  be  utilised  for 
tombs  are  quantities  of  sucli  kind  of  trees  as  are 
found  to  stand  the  smoky  atmosphere  best.  Among 
them  are  both  white  and  red  Hawthorn,  Balsam, 
and  black  Italian  Poplar,  Huntingdon  Willow,  and 
some  of  the  weeping  forms,  tlie  Bird  Cherry,  Elms — 
than  which  apparently  nothing  seemed  in  better  folia- 
tion—the Kowan  tree.  Lilacs.  Scarcely  a  liealthy 
evergi-een  was  visible.  Ivies,  however,  seem  to 
clamber  over  the  precipices,  especially  the  Irish  Ivy, 
in  quite  delightful  gi-eenery.  From  the  nature  of  the 
ground  several  retaining  walls  have  been  built  to 
utilise  ground  and  maintain  the  design  of  different 
levels  at  different  elevations.  Wealth  seems  to  have 
selected  the  plateau  at  the  top,  for  there  piles  upon 
piles  of  granite  monuments  rise  Cleopatra-needle- 
like. While  these  predominate,  there  are  quantities 
surmounted  witli  vases  with  ornamental  drapery,  and 
still  few  or  no  flowers  ;  plenty  of  wreaths  and  crosses 
for  the  newly  buried— far  more,  however,  of  the 
natural  than  of  artificial  flowers,  which,  although  more 
enduring,  have  not  the  power,  in  climates  of  this  kind, 
of  withstanding  varnishing  for  any  great  length  of 
time.  The  intersecting  divisions  are  necessarily 
formal,  being  about  30  feet  in  width,  divided  in  two, 
with  14  feet  drives  separating  the  double  lines.  One 
cannot  help  feeling,  in  surveying  these  grounds, 
whose  abundance  of  keeping  nower  is  apparent,  that 
there  is  not  that  style  nor  finish,  in  so  far  as  the 
gardening  department  is  considered,  of  keejiing  the 
eye-lines,  whether  straight  or  wavy,  in  tlie  condition 
they  ought  to  be.  And  surely  the  intersecting 
drives  and  walks  might  be  treated  to  a  better 
description  of  surfacing  than  coal  ashes.  The  prin- 
cipal drive  is  well  made,  properly  macadamised  with 
the  necessary  stone  gutters  and  conduits  for  water 
runs  and  escape.  As  the  city  extends,  so  does  the 
Necropolis,  which  will  soon,  like  its  near  neighbeur, 
the  burial-ground  round  about  the  Cathedral,  become 
inconveniently  crowded.  The  one  is  a  small  jilace, 
the  otlier  covers  about  20  acres,  and  it  only  foini.'s 
one  of  a  round  dozen  within  the  precincts  of  Glasgow 
and  its  suburban  area. 

The  Cathedral  is  considered  one  of  the  most  per- 
fect specimens  of  Gothic  architecture  in  the  kingdom. 
It  was  commenced  in  1123,  finished  in  1197,  rebuilt 
between  1223,  and  12G0,  repaired  and  renewed  in 

1848.    Although  burials  are  in  a  great  measure  dis- 


continued withi'i  the  grounds,  there  is  an  occasional 
one  still.  It  is  conspicuous  by  its  .ibsence  of  raised 
monuments,  all  the  tombstones  within  the  principal 
frontage  being  laid  flat.  On  the  wall  bounding  it  on 
the  east  are  some  remarkable  monuments,  many 
w^hich  we  cannot  decipher,  others  are  quite  obliterated. 
It  is,  of  course,  a  long  period  to  jump  from  1123  to 
1B12,  but  that  is  the  oldest  dated  one  that  could  be 
deciphered.  As  to  the  style  of  the  earlier  monu- 
mental sculptors  of  the  seventeenth  century,  there  is 
a  somewhat  singular  likeness  in  design  and  size  to 
the  new  fashionable  drawing-room  mantelpieces — 
elaborate,  no  doubt,  in  its  way.  but  Old  Father  Time 
skeletonising  the  members  of  the  architectural 
design.  The  one  in  the  best  state  of  preservation, 
dated  a.d.  1012,  is  to  the  memory  of  Doctor  Peter 
Low,  the  founder  of  the  Faculty  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons.  A. 


SILENE  PUSILLA. 

Ik  the  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  10)  we  have 
one  member  of  this  cliarming  genus,  so  much  prized 
by  all  lovers  of  their  alpine  garden;  and  though  not 
bv  any  means  the  showiest  of  the  dwarf  growing 
kinds,  it  fully  compensates  for  this  want  in  the  pro- 
fuseness  of  its  flowers,  and  the  certainty  with  which 


Fig.  10.— siLt:NE  pusilla  :  flowers  whitk. 


they  are  produced  year  after  year.  Like  S.  acanlis, 
S.  Pumilio,  S.  Schafta,  and  others,  it  is  easily 
managed  on  a  well-built  rockery — that  is,  where  the 
stones  are  so  placed  as  to  ensure  perfect  drainage, 
and  also  as  a  means  of  giving  tlie  tiny  cushions  the 
necessarv  protection  from  the  cold  spring  winds,  &c. 
Thorough  drainage  is  perhaps  the  chief  desideratum, 
but  surface  moisture  should  also  be  guarded  against 
during  the  winter  season ;  fogs,  &c.,  unless  the 
plants  are  protected  with  small  squares  of  glass, 
being  a  source  of  great  evil.  The  illustration 
gives  a  good  idea  of  the  size,  habit,  and  profuse 
flowering  of  Silene  pusilla,  it  rarely  exceeding 
1  inch  or  1^  incli,  the  flowers  packed  so  closely  as 
to  entirely  hide  the  foliage.  It  makes  a  charming 
little  pot-plant,  and  when  well  cared  for  makes  a 
fine  alpine  exhibition  group.  A  native  of  the  Alps, 
and  may  be  increased  either  by  division  of  the  root 
or  from  seeds.  For  the  specimen  from  which  the 
illustration  was  taken  we  have  to  thank  Messrs.  J. 
Backhouse  &  Co..  York. 


HUNNEMANNIA  FUMARIIFOLIA.— A  good  Co- 
loured figure  of  this  pretty  I'apnvcr.ad  is  given  in  the 
Garden  for  .June  11.  The  foli.Tge  isglaucous  and  deeply 
divided,  like  tliat  of  an  only  Eschscholtzia.  The 
flowers  are  primrose-yellow,  the  stamens,  obscurely 
indicated  in  the  plate,  of  a  rich  orange  colour.  Mr, 
Gumbleton  treats  it  as  a  "  half-hardy  biennial,"  seed 
bf  ing  sown  in  a  cool  house.  It  is  a  native  of  Mexico, 


FLORISTS'  Flowers. 


TUBEROUS  BEGONIAS. 

Fon  furnishing  a  greenhouse  quickly  with  showy 
flowering  plants,  these  are  unsurpassed.  They  are 
easily  grown,  and  can  be  kept  through  the  winter 
with  the  least  trouble.  They  are  recommended  to 
amateurs  of  limited  experience  because  they  are 
easily  cultivated,  and  to  gardeners  because  they  re- 
quire but  little  attention  during  the  busy  season,  be- 
yond repotting  once  into  good  ricli  loam,  such  as  is 
used  for  Fuchsias  or  Pelargoniums.  A  little  peat  is  use- 
ful to  keep  the  loam  in  a  porous  state  if  is  of  a  heavy 
nature.  We  find  the  following  compost  causes 
vigorous  growth,  but  not  too  niucli : — Four  parts  loam 
(decayed  turf),  one  part  peat  or  leaf-mould,  one  part 
sand,  and  one  part  stable  manure.  The  plants  will 
grow  and  flower  freely,  whatever  part  of  the  house 
tiiey  may  be  placed  in,  but  well  proportioned  speci- 
mens, such  as  would  take  the  highest  position  in  a 
good  competition,  are  only  to  be  produced  by  placing 
tlie  plants  near  to  the  glass  in  an  airy  house,  and 
shading  them  lightly  from  bright  sunshine  during 
the  hottest  part  of  the  day.  These  plants  are  now  at 
their  greatest  beauty,  and  when  seen  as  exhibited  by 
Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Society's 
exhibition  on  June  15,  in  their  group  of  plants,  the 
effect  produced  was  very  beautiful,  and  such  as 
no  other  class  of  jilants  could  give.  A  class 
was  set  apart  for  specimen  plants  of  this  class  of 
Begonias,  but  they  were  not  so  effective  exhibited  in 
that  way ;  but  in  this  respect  they  do  not  differ 
materially  from  Pelargoniums.  Cinerarias.  Calceo- 
larias, or  any  other  plants  of  tliis  kind  shown  in 
masses,  wliich  are  certainly  more  effective  when 
tastefully  aiTanged  with  other  plants. 

On  the  occasion  in  question  Messrs.  Laing  exhi- 
bited the  best  collection  of  new  double  varieties  ever 
seen  togetlier  in  one  place.  Not  only  were  the 
flowers  remarkably  well  formed  and  sufliciently 
double,  but  the  colours  were  also  very  rich  and 
varied.  No  fewer  than,  six  First-class  Floricultural 
Certificates  were  awarded  to  double  varieties. 
They  were  marginata,  rose  with  a  creamy  centre, 
flowers  very  double ;  Princess  Koyal,  large,  full, 
cream-coloured  flowers ;  Mrs.  Apthorpe,  salmon, 
greenisli  centre,  large,  well  formed,  full  flowers ; 
Scarlet  Perfection,  rich  bright  scarlet  flowers,  very- 
full,  outer  petals  well  defined  ;  Alba  magna,  a  lovely 
white  variety  :  Terra  Cotta,  orange-red,  flowers  very 
full.  Three  single  varieties  were  also  Certificated, 
viz.:  —  Duchess  of  Edinburgh  rich  reddish-buff; 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  dark  crimson,  very  large  well- 
formed  flowers ;  Princess  Louise,  white,  large  round 
flowers,  with  petals  of  great  substance. 

Those  who  would  be  successful  in  the  culture  of 
tliese  plants,  would  do  well  to  purchase  a  few  of  the 
verv  best  varieties  in  cultivation,  and  proceed  at 
once  to  save  seeds  and  raise  seedlings.  Their 
growth  is  very  rapid,  and  it  does  not  take  long  to 
produce  dozens  of  handsome  and  distinct  varieties. 
The  pleasures  of  hope  are  kept  alive  in  the  minds  o 
those  anticipating  the  flowering  of  seedlings,  and 
those  pleasures  are  increased  tenfold  when  the 
flowers  of  some  surpassingly  beautiful  variety  open 
as  a  reward.  J.  Doru/hf. 


DIACRIUM    BICORNUTUM. 

The  old  section  of  Epidendrum,  called  by  Lindley 
Diacrium,  has  been  elevated  by  Bentham  to  the 
rank  of  a  distinct  genus  (Joicrii.  Linn.  Hoc  xviii., 
p.  312),  on  account  of  the  peculiar  bicornute  label- 
ium,  which  is  neither  adnate  to  the  column  nor 
yet  parallel  with  it.  It  includes  three  or  four  species 
or  marked  varieties,  of  which  the  present  one  is  the 
best  known.  It  is  a  very  handsome  species  (fig.  11 
represents  a  single  flower,  natural  size),  and  was 
originally  figured  and  described  as  Epidendrum 
bicornutum  (Hooker  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  3332),  from  a 
specimen  which  flowered  in  April,  1834,  in  the  col- 
lection of  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  at  Wentworth.     It  has 


Jfly  9,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENFFS'     CHBONIGLE. 


45 


also  been  recently  figured  in  the  Orchid  Albmn 
it.  157),  where  Mr.  15.  S.  Williams  remarks  that  it  has 
lately  been  rare  in  collections,  though  formerly  it 
used  to  appear  at  the  London  exliibltions,  where  it 
was  always  admired  by  Orchid  growers.  He  adds, 
'■  We  ourselves  exhibited  it  for  many  years  at  Chis- 
wick  and  the  Kegent's  Park  shows,  taking  prizes 
with  the  same  plant  for  several  successive  years." 

It  is  sometimes  considered  difficult  to  cultivate, 
but  Mr.  Williams  observes  that  when  once  it  is 
started  after  importation  he  finds  no  difficulty  in 
growing  it,  and  that  if  it  only  gets  the  treatment  it 
likes  it  grows  freely  enough.  Pie  recommends  that 
it  should  be  grown  in  rougli  peat  and  sphagnum  with 
a  little  charcoal,  in  a  well-drained  basket,  or  on  a 
block,  and  placed  in  a  hot  stove  near  the  rafters, 
where  it  will  get  plenty  of  light  and  warmth.  It 
requires  a  good  supply  of  water  when  in  a  growing 
state,  bnt  when  at  rest  sufficient  only  should  be  given 
to  keep  the  pseudobulbs  and  leaves  plump.  It 
grows  about  a  foot  high,  producing  from  the  ends  of 
the  pseudobulbs  erect  racemes  of  numerous  large  and 
highly  fragrant  flowers.  The  colour  is  white,  the  lip 
alone  bearing  a  number  of  small  purple  spots,  and 
the  two  peculiar  horns  on  the  disc,  which  are  hollow 
underneath,  being  yellow.  It  was  originally  im- 
ported from  Trinidad,  where  it  is  said  to  be  abundant 
along  the  coast,  growing  on  rocks  and  decayed  trees. 
It  also  occurs  in  Tobago  and  the  Boca  islands,  and  in 
British  Guiana.  The  figure  was  prepared  from  a  fine 
specimen,  which  is  flowering  freely  ia  the  Kew 
collection.  H.  A.  H. 


"THE   BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE." 

(Contimtedfi-om  p.  12  J 

North  Amehicax  Annual  Plants. — To  Thomas 
Drammond  and  David  Douglas  (both  of  whom  lost 
their  lives  in  the  pursuit  of  Floral  belong,  in  a  very 
large  measure,  the  honour  and  fame  of  introducinj^ 
into  English  gardens  the  lovely  annuals  of  the 
southern  and  more  particularly  of  the  south-westerH 
regions  of  North  America.  Going  back  to  plate 
3441  (1835)  we  see  a  beautiful  representation  of  a 
very  dark  variety  of  the  charmingly  variable  Phlox 
Drummondi.  Quickly  following  on  this  come  Gilia 
tricolor  (pi.  .'J463),  Coreopsis  diversifolia  (pi,  3474i, 
Nemophila  insignis  (pi,  3485),  Collinsia  bicolor 
(pi.  34«8),  Leptosiphon  androsaceus  (pi.  3491),  Lim- 
nanthes  Douglasii  (pi.  .j5J4),  and  Clarkia  pulchella 
(pi.  3592). 

Agave  americana  var.  foliis  variegatis  (pi.  3654 1 
is  well  worth  turning  to,  as  the  accompanying  lettei-- 
press  contains  the  history  of  the  flowering  of  various 
plants  in  different  parts  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
together  with  an  account  of  the  economic  products  of 
this  and  other  species  which  are  peculiar  to  America, 
and  chiefly  to  the  Mexican  region. 

I  can  hardly  pass  pi.  3781,  a  lovely  Mexican  Bou- 
vardia,  here  named  splendens,  though  it  had  years 
previously  (pi,  1854)  been  figured  from  a  miserable 
specimen  under  its  proper  name  of  B.  triphylla. 
Bouvardias  are  evidently  much  better  cultivated  now 
than  formerly. 

West  Australian  Plants, 
Previously  to  1840  several  collectors  had  visited 
West  Australia,  and  a  considerable  number  of  West 
Australian  plants  had  been  figured  in  the  Magazine 
from  time  to  time ;  but  it  was  at  about  this 
date  that  the  singular  and  brilliantly  coloured 
flowers  of  this  region  began  literally  to  pour  into 
this  country,  and  chiefly  from  one  source,  from  James 
Drummond,  a  brother  of  Thomas,  to  whom  I  have 
already  alluded.  In  1839,  Dr.  Lindley  published  in 
the  form  of  an  appendix  to  the  Botanical  Eegister,  a 
sketch  of  the  vegetation  of  the  Swan  Kiver  Colony, 
with  coloured  figures  of  eighteen  characteristic 
plants.  This  sketch  was  based  upon  a  collection  of 
about  1000  species  of  dried  plants  communicated  by 
James  Drummond,  who  subsequently  contributed  a 
long  series  of  extremely  interesting  letters  on  the 
flora  of  Western  Australia  to  Hooker's  Journal  of 
Botany,  London  Journal  of  Botany,  and  Kew  Journal 
of  Botany,  daring  a  ]  eriod  of  fourteen  years,  from 


1839  to  1853.  There  is  something  specially  attrac- 
tive in  these  unpretending  letters,  and  from  the  time 
1  first  read  them  1  have  had  a  great  longing  to  visit 
Australia.  Drummond  not  only  made  very  exten- 
sive collections  of  dried  jdants,  he  also  was  the 
means  of  introducing  manv  ornamental  species  into 
English  gardens.  Among  peculiar  and  striking 
West  Australian  plants  figured  in  the  JIagazine  of 
this  period  I  may  mention  Anigozanthus  Manglesii, 
Kangaroo  Feet  of  the  colonists  (pi.  3875),  Brachy- 
come  iberidifolia  (pi.  3S7(i),  Calectasia  cyanea,  per- 
haps the  most  highly  coloured  of  the  Kush  family 
(pi.  3834) ;  Helichrysum  niveum  (pi.  3857),  Boronia 
crenulata  (pi.  3914),  Marianthus  caruleo-punctatus 
(pi.  3893),  Pimelea  spectabilis  (pi.  3950),  Podotheca 
gnaphaIioides(pl.3920),Stylidiumciliatum(pl.3&S3), 
S.  recurvum  (pi.  3913),  Gastrolobium  acutum 
(pi.  4040),  and  three  or  four  years  later  the  very 
showy  Eucalyptus  macrocarpa  (pi.  4.3.33),  a  species 
likely  soon  to  become  extinct. 

The  seventieth  volume  terminates  the  second 
series  of  the  Magazine,  which  was  then  (1845)  trans- 
ferred from  Samuel  Curtis  to  Keeve  Brothers,  and  is 
still  held  by  the  same  firm ;  and  the  titlepage  of 
the  first  volume  of  the  third  series  presents  a  view 
of  the  great  Palm-house  at  Kew  (though  it  was  not 


Fllj.    11.— DIACRIL"\[  UICOI  MT\  M      FLOWERS    WHITE.     (SEE 


then  built),  which  has  appeared  ever  since.  Another 
important  change  was  made  in  the  same  volume, 
plate  4174  and  onward  being  lithographed  instead  of 
engraved  on  copper.  Fitch  acting  as  his  own 
lithographer.  Further  there  was  issued  with  this 
and  the  next  three  volumes  a  new  series  of  the 
Companion  to  the  Botanical  Magazine,  consisting  of 
miscellaneous  information,  commencing  with  a  report 
on  the  "  Present  Condition  and  Future  Prospects  of 
the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Kew,"  which  is  par- 
ticularly interesting.  Previously,  in  1835-6,  two 
separate  volumes,  bearing  the  same  title,  had  been 
published.  Volume  Ixxiv.  contains  indexes  to 
volumes  Ixiv.  to  Ixxiv.  inclusive,  in  two  sets.  A 
noticeable  feature  in  this  and  succeeding  volumes  is 
the  inclusion  of  a  much  larger  proportion  of  hothouse 
plants  than  heretofore ;  and  in  the  seventy-fifth 
volume  the  descriptive  and  historical  matter  is  supple- 
mented by  remarks  on  the  cultivation  of  the  plants 
signed  "J.  S."  This  was  John  Smith,  who  entered  the 
gardens  in  1820,  and  retired  from  the  curatorship  in 
1864  in  consequence  of  failing  sight.  He  still  sur- 
vives, and  his  loss  of  sight  is  in  some  measured  alle- 
viated by  a  vivid  recollection  of  even  the  most 
trifling  events  in  the  history  of  the  gardens  during 
his  long  service.*  These  notes  were  discontinued 
early  in  the  seventy-eighth  volume. 

*  Quite  recently  he  has  jiriiit..il  and  privately  circulated  a 
little  book  entitled  liecords  of  the  lioyal  Botanic  Gardens,  Kew, 
which  emljodies  some  interesting  particulars,  though  they  are 


Notable  Travellers  and  Collectors. 

Looking  through  the  volume  for  l.'^.^2  we  meet  with 
quite  a  new  set  of  names'  of  travellers,  nurserymen, 
private  growers,  and  gardeners,  who  contributed  to 
its  pages.  Tlius,  Wright,  who  collected  in  Texas 
and  New  Mexico,  and  afterwards  in  Cuba,  and  else- 
where ;  Dr.  ,J.  D.  (now  Sir  Joseph)  Hooker,  who 
went  to  India  in  1847 ;  Thwaites,  who  was  for  many 
years  Director  of  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Peradeniya, 
Ceylon  ;  Ronald  Gunn,  who  collected  extensively  in 
Tasmania  ;  .James  Veitch,  who  was  still  at  Exeter,  as 
well  as  Lucombe  and  Pince  ;  Fortune  and  Standish, 
names  intimately  connected  with  the  introduction 
and  cultivation  of  Chinese  and  Japanese  plants ; 
AVilliam  and  Thomas  Lobb,  collectors  for  Veitch  ; 
Dr.  Wallich,  of  the  Calcutta  Gardens  ;  Rollisson, 
.Jackson,  and  Hugh  Low,  famous  nurserymen,  and 
many  other  persons  too  numerous  to  mention  ! 

Proceeding  with  a  review  of  a  few  of  the  most 
noteworthy  plants  figured,  we  are  first  arrested  by 
the  sacred  Lotus,  Nelumbium  sjieciosum  (pi.  3916-7), 
though  a  very  dingy  representation  of  it  appeared  in 
the  Magazine  as  long  previously  as  1806  (pi.  903), 
and  it  was  introduced  by  Sir  .1.  Banks  as  early  as 
1784;  Achimenes  longiflora  (pi. 3980),  A.  multiiiora 
(pi.  3993),  and  A.  grandiflora  (pi.  4012),  A.  pedun- 
culata  (pi.  4077),  and  A.  picta  (4126),  and  Sinningia 
(Gloxinia)  Youngiana  (pi.  4954),  are  a  few  of  the 
favourite  GesneraccK  of  years  ago.*  many  of  which 
were  introduced  by  Hartweg. 

The  "  Glory  of  the  Table  Mountain,"  Disa  grandi- 
flora, appears  at  4073,  and  Disa  comuta,  a  blue  and 
white  flowered  s]>ecies,  at  4091.  I  had  almost  over- 
looked the  classical  Stephanotis  floribunda  (pi.  4058), 
which  Mrs.  Lawrence,  of  Ealing  Park,  had  the  grati- 
fication of  introducing  to  the  stoves  of  this  country, 
and  in  whose  garden  it  flowered  profusely  as  early 
as  1843.  The  strikingly  handsome  Asiatic  genus 
.Eschynanthus,  is  represented  by  four  species,  which 
appeared  in  rapid  succession.  The  first  was  JE. 
r>obbianus  (pi.  4260),  followed  by  JE.  pulcher  (pi. 
4264),  JE.  speciosus  (pi.  4320),  and  JE.  longiflorus 
(pl.  4328). 

Returning  to  the  beginning  of  the  seventy-third 
volume,  in  which  are  the  two  plates  last  cited,  we 
behold  the  Victoria  Water  Lily, 

Victoria  eeqia. 
Horticultural  triumphs  have  been  great  and  un- 
ceasing during  the  present  century,  but  none,  pro- 
bably, caused  so  great  a  sensation  as  the  first 
flowering  of  the  great  Water  Lily  at  Chatsworth  in 
1849,  under  the  care  of  Joseph  Paxton  and  George 
Eyles.  Persons  who  possess  the  Gardeners*  Chronicle 
for  that  year  will  find  fall  particulars  of  the  circum- 
stance, and  of  the  greater  successes  of  subsequent 
years  at  Chatsworth,  Syou  House,  and  Ivew.  I  can- 
not give  the  history  of  this  noble  plant  here,  though 
it  seems  specially  appropriate  to  add  a  few  words 
more  respecting  it.  It  appears  to  have  been  first 
observed  by  Haenke  at  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  though  this  fact  was  not  made  known  till 
some  forty  years  later ;  and  it  was  not  till  1837  that 
the  botanical  world  was  familiarised  with  it.  Sir 
Robert  Schomburgk  discovered  it  in  British  Guiana 
early  in  the  year  named,  and  transmitted  a  descrip- 
tion and  drawings  of  it  to  the  Geographical 
Society  of  London,  suggesting  the  name  Nympha:a 
Victoria.  The  drawings  were  placed  in  Dr. 
Lindley's  hands,  and  he,  detecting  characters 
of  sufficient  importance  to  give  the  plant  inde- 
pendent generic  rank,  proposed  naming  it  Victoria 
Regia,  a  proposal  graciously  accepted  by  Her  Majesty. 
Accordingly,  in  August,  1837,  there  appeared  a 
coloured  plate,  of  atlas  folio  size,  together  with  full 
description,  dedication,  and  history.  This  memoir 
was  privatelv  printed,  and  the  entire  issue  consisted 
of  only  twenty-five  copies,  one  of  which  is  at  Kew, 
from  the  library  of  Sir   William   Hooker.     Subse- 

not  given  in  the  most  accessible  form.  Mr.  Smiths  first 
enumeration  of  the  Ferns  cultivated  in  the  Royal  Gardens, 
Kew.  appeared  in  the  Companion  to  the  Mof/azine,  Iixii. 
(1846),  p.  7—39. 

*  Achimenes  coccinea  syn.  Cyrilla  pulchella,  is  figured  in  an 
early  volume  of  the  Magazine,  pl.  3T4. 


46 


THE    GAB  DENE  RS'     CHBONICLE. 


[July  9,  1887. 


quently,  in  1851,  the  Victoria  Kegia  was  magni- 
licently  illustrated  by  Fitch,  in  a  very  full  historical 
and  descriptive  memoir  by  the  elder  Hooker.  It  had 
previously  been  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
plates  4i7.')  to  4i7f*,  from  materials  supplied  by 
Schomburgk  and  Bridges.  Two  of  the  seeds  sent 
home  by  Bridges  in  clay  germinated  at  Kew  in 
October,  1846,  but  the  plants  perished  in  December. 
In  1849  numerous  plants  were  raised  at  Kew  from 
seeds  obtained  through  the  agency  of  Dr.  Eodie 
and  Mr.  Lachie,  of  Demerara,  and  it  was  one  of 
these  that  flowered  at  Chatsworth.  Plants  from 
the  same  batch  tiowered  later  at  Syon  House  and 
Kew.    W.IS.H. 

(To  be  continued.) 


FRUIT    GROWING. 

At  a  meeting  held  at  Mancliester,  during  the  last 
spring,  Mr.  Ed.  Baillie,  of  Chester,  delivered  an 
address  on  the  question  of  fruit-growing,  which, 
he  said,  has  occupied  the  public  mind  for  sonie 
time.  It  has  not  been  made,  as  it  ought  to  be. 
a  national  question,  nor  h.is  it  received,  as  it 
ought  to  have  received,  national  aid ;  probably 
because  it  is  one  of  those  questions  which  depend 
upon  a  good  many  minor  things,  as  we  shall 
perhaps  see  as  we  go  on.  I  do  not  know  what 
your  Lancashire  orchards  are  like  ;  but  the  Cheshire 
orchards  are  fit  for  very  little  from  an  economic 
point  of  view.  The  tyjjical  farmer's  orchard  in  our 
County  is  a  very  interesting  place — from  an  anti- 
quarian point  of  view.  The  trees — venerable  speci- 
mens of  antiquity — have  been  there  for  1  don't  know 
how  long,  disregarded  and  neglected.  They  are 
certainly  supposed  to  be  fruit-bearing  trees,  but  what 
tliey  bear  fruit  for  is  somewhat  difficult  to  determine, 
because  the  fruit  is  not,  by  any  means,  of  that 
quality  which  would  commend  itself  to  either  the 
market  or  the  farmers'  households.  In  manv  of  the 
Herefordshire  orchards  the  Apples  find  their  way 
into  the  pig-trough  ;  and  the  only  use  of  many 
Cheshire  orchards  is  to  supply  the  farmboy's  dump- 
ling with  palat.ible  padding.  Let  rae  give  you  an 
instance  of  what  can  be  done  in  Cheshire  by  industry 
and  good  method.  This  last  summer,  in  our  own 
neighbourhood  of  Chester,  I  had  occasion  to  go  over 
a  fruit  farm  of  about  1.S  acres  in  extent.  The  owner 
began  life  as  a  labourer,  and,  not  many  years  ago,  he 
bought  the  entire  property  with  the  savings  from  the 
profits  earned  by  cultivating  this  little  estate.  He 
grew  Pears,  within  ten  miles  of  Chester,  quite  as  fine 
as  tlie  finest  Pears  I  have  seen  from  Jersey,  and 
Strawberries  equal  to  any  that  are  supplied  to  either 
the  Liverpool  or  the  London  market.  He  had  served 
his  time  with  the  great  American  fruit  grower, 
E.  P.  Roe,  who  has  written  a  great  deal  upon  the 
cultivation  of  small  fruits,  and  he  grew  better  Straw- 
berries tlian  were  produced  by  that  distinguished 
American  grower  at  the  time  he  was  in  his  service. 
The  secret  of  his  success  was  that  he  took  special 
pains  in  producing,  picking,  and  in  packing  his 
fruits  ;  when  other  people  had  to  bring  back  from 
the  market  many  and  many  a  load  unsold,  he  was 
always  to  be  found  returning  early  in  the  day,  having 
sold  everything. 

The  Vegetarian  Society  has,  very  rightly,  advo- 
cated the  more  extended  cultivation  of  fruit  on 
hedges  and  railway  embankments,  and  other  eligible 
places  at  present  unused.  Xow  let  us  consider 
where  this  question  of  fruit  growing  touches  upon 
matters  of  national  importance.  The  most  promi- 
nent of  these  is  the  labour  question.  Take  the  case 
of  the  farm  of  13  acres,  which  I  have  just  men- 
tioned ;  the  main  secret  of  its  success  is  the  amount 
of  careful  labour  bestowed  on  the  soil  and  its  pro- 
duce ;  the  owner  employs  as  many  men  upon  bis 
13  acres  as  are  usually  employed  on  a  farm  of  300  or 
400  acres,  with  the  appliances  of  mechanism  which 
entef  so  largely  into  the  system  of  modern  agri- 
culture. 1  will  not  say  here,  and  now,  anything 
about  the  happy  employment  of  the  people,  but  it  is 
a  question  worth  more  than  passing  consideration 
whether  or  no  our  population  shall  be  happily  and 


healthily  employed.  Fruit-growing  certainly  com- 
mends itself  from  this  point  of  view.  Other  im- 
])ortant  problems  upon  which  the  question  of  fiiiit- 
growing  touches  are  those  of  the  national  food 
supply,  and  of  the  right  and  best  use  of  tlie  land. 
Then  comes  the  question  whether  Apple-farming,  or 
fruit-farming  of  any  kind,  is  really  a  "good  thing" 
from  a  commercial  standpoint.  It  will  pay,  and  ])ay 
well,  if  it  is  properly  done  ;  but  whether  it  is  best, 
from  that  comprehensive  view  which  takes  in  ulti- 
mate issues,  for  a  man  to  put  his  money  in  fields  Ol- 
factories is  aquestion  which  I  must  treat  very  gently 
here,  remembering  I  am  not  now  in  a  rural  district, 
but  in  a  manufacturing  city.  ^Vith  regard  to  ]n'o- 
duction,  it  must  be  remembered  that  cultivation  of 
the  soil  never  admits  of  the  accumulation  of  a 
fortune  by  juggling;  but  if  a  man  works,  and  works 
honestly  and  rightly,  he  will  have  a  return  propor- 
tionate to  his  labour.  Where  the  labourer  is  brought 
into  direct  contact  with  the  soil  the  chances  of 
success  lie  in  his  own  hands,  and  de])end  on  his  own 
industry.  Sense  also  is  necessary,  as  well  as  in- 
dustry ;  there  is  no  use  attempting  to  grow  badly  in 
tlie  North  what  tliey  can  grow  very  well  in  the 
South.  We  must  cultivate  such  fruits  as  are  best 
fitted  for  our  soil,  our  situation,  and  our  markets. 

The  choice  of  situation  for  a  fruit  farm  is  also  a 
matter  in  which  common  sense  must  be  exercised. 
Many  people  are  utterly  regardless  as  to  the  aspect 
in  which  the  farm,  or  garden,  or  orchard  is  placed. 
And  when  all  the  conditions  of  successful  production 
have  been  secured,  the  next  thing  is  to  obtain  right 
methods  of  distribution.  It  is  a  distinct  blot  upon 
our  commercial  system  that  there  should  be  seasons 
when  there  seems  to  be  too  much  of  everything  ; 
seasons  when  the  fruit-grower  cannot  dispose  of  the 
bountiful  produce  of  his  land;  whilst  at  the  same 
time  that  the  grower  has  fruit  going  to  waste  it  mav 
be  impossible  to  buy  fruit  at  all  in  a  market-place 
not  far  distant.  The  cause  of  this  condition  of 
afi'airs  lies  mainly  in  the  fact  that  the  cost  of  car- 
riage is  60  enormous  as  to  absorb  all  profits  on  the 
fruit  conveyed.  It  is  a  most  apjialling  fact  that  you 
can  actually  get  consignments  brought  from  far 
inland  across  the  Atlantic  to  any  of  the  British  ports 
for  less  than  it  costs  to  get  similar  consignments  of 
fruit  taken  from  one  English  town  to  another  in  a 
neighbom-ing  county.  The  question  of  the  reform 
of  railway  rates  has  been  brought  before  the  public, 
but  I  am  sorry  to  say  without  any  apparent  chance 
at  present  of  success.  So  completely  is  the  home 
grower  handicapped  in  his  competition  with  the 
foreigner  by  the  rate  of  carriage  that  has  to  be  paid 
in  England,  that  one  English  fruit  grower,  I  hear, 
actually  ships  his  fruit  to  Rotterdam  and  thence  to 
London.  By  so  doing  he  can  clear  a  profit,  and  this 
he  finds  he  cannot  do  if  he  sends  his  fruit  direct  to 
London  across  English  soil.  It  seems  to  rae  a  most 
ridiculous  thing  that  a  fruit-grower  should  have  to 
do  this.  In  spite,  however,  of  the  exorbitant  charges 
for  caiTiage,  profits  are,  as  I  have  told  you,  to  be 
made  in  fruit-growing.  Archdeacon  Lea,  a  writer 
on  fruit-farming,  gives  an  epitome  of  his  fourteen 
years'  work  with  3  acres.  He  has  given  the  results 
of  good  seasons  and  adverse  seasons  ;  and  he  savs 
that  in  his  worst  season  he  made  £6  6s.  3rf., 
and  in  his  best  £79  9i.  Wd.  nett  profits.  That  is 
just  by  ordinary  fruit-growing  iu  a  district  where  he 
is  badly  placed  as  regards  markets.  There  are  also 
numbers  of  growers  making  handsome  profits  from 
Strawberry-growing,  and  that  alone;  and  I  believe 
other  departments  of  fruit  will  pay  equally  well, 
thougli  I  do  not  believe  that  in  fruit-growing,  with 
its  present  ditficulties,  such  large  profits  can  be 
cleared  as  in  ordinary  commerce.  At  present,  how- 
ever, a  fair  comparison  can  hardly  be  made,  so 
urgently  is  the  distributing  system  in  need  of  reform. 
The  first  improvement  that  I  should  propose  would 
be  to  establish  centres  of  sale.  These  centres  of 
distribution  should  be  formed  in  the  great  centres  of 
population  ;  they  should  be  in  Manchester,  Liver- 
pool, Birmingham,  and  so  on.  I  am  well  within  the 
truth  when  I  say  that  during  this  last  year  there 
must  hftve   been  hundrecls  of  growers  in  our  own 


district  who  actually  could  not  dispose  of  their  fruit 
on  any  terms  whatever.  At  the  proposed  centres  of 
sale  a  man  should  be  able  to  get  any  kind  of  fruit  he 
wants.  This  would  involve  the  sale  of  fruit  by 
sample.  Why  should  not  a  gi'ower  of  fruit  be  tru.«ted 
to  supply  goods  equal  to  sample  as  well  as  a  grower 
of  corn  ?  And  sale  by  sample  would  in  turn  involve 
another  improvement,  namely,  the  exercise  of  care 
in  packing  the  fruit.  In  this  respect  our  English 
growers  are  lamentably  behind  the  foreigners. 

Again,  proper  methods  of  preserving  and  drying 
fruit  should  be  brought  into  use  ;  and  here,  too,  we 
are  fearfully  behind  America  and  other  countries, 
which  at  present  send  over  large  quantities  of  tinned 
and  preserved  fruits  to  our  English  markets.  Here 
I  must  say  something  about  the  question  of  foreign 
competition.  I  am  not  going  to  say  anything  that 
could  be  construed  into  a  political  signification.  I 
am  not  going  to  argue  for  "free  trade  "  or  "fair 
trade ;"  my  point  does  not  involve  impost  duties,  or 
any  conditions  of  that  nature.  But  certainly  we  are 
very  unfairly  handicapped  in  the  matter  of  foreign 
competition.  I  do  not  blame  national  Governments, 
however,  so  much  as  I  blame  households  and  indi- 
viduals. It  is  not  a  question  so  much  for  Govern- 
ments as  it  is  a  question  for  ourselves.  The  last 
time  I  went  up  to  London,  in  the  autumn  of  the 
year,  I  took  good  care  to  ask,  by  way  of  experiment, 
for  English  fruits  at  every  station  we  stopped  at ; 
and  I  could  not  get  a  British  Apple  or  a  Pear  at  any 
station  between  Chester  and  London.  I  could  get 
Jersey  Pears  at  id.  a-piece,  and  paper  trays  of  what 
thw  called  French  Plums  for  which  I  paid  6rf.  a  tray. 
I  say  advisedly  Orf.  a  tray,  for  the  tray  was  the  only 
part  \vorth  having,  the  Plums  themselves  were  but 
skin,  and  stone,  and  sourness.  Now,  if  every  one 
were  to  ask,  as  I  did,  for  English  fruit,  and  insist 
upon  getting  it,  or  refuse  to  buy,  we  should  cease  to 
find  it  the  case  that  foreign  fruit,  often  of  the  worst 
possible  quality,  and  always  at  an  exorbitant  price, 
is  the  only  thing  to  be  had.  The  other  day  I  went 
to  the  grocer's  for  some  American  Newtown  Pippin 
Apples,  for  which  he  charged  'id.  a  pound.  I  was 
victimised,  perhaps,  but  he  got  his  price.  1  bought 
splendid  Blenheim  Pippins.  British  gro\vn,  to  my 
thinking  ten  times  better  than  the  American  Apples, 
for  \hd.  per  pound,  and  more  beautiful-looking 
fruit.  Why  are  the  American  Apples  sold  at  a 
higher  price  than  the  superior  English  fruit?  Be- 
cause everybody  asks  for  American  Apples,  and 
nobody  asks  for  English  ones  ;  and  because  foreign 
fruit  is  everywhere  disjdayed,  and  English 
fruit  nowhere  to  be  seen.  In  large  centres,  such 
as  JIanchester,  Liverpool,  and  Birmingham,  the 
buyer  is  everywhere  to  be  blamed  in  this  respect ; 
but  in  London  especially  so.  The  last  time  I  was 
in  London  I  went  to  most  of  the  fruiterers'  shops, 
and  I  could  not  find  more  than  two  or  three  varie- 
ties of  British  fruit ;  but  on  hucksters'  barrows  and 
in  every  fruiterer's  shop  you  could  find  American 
Apples  and  imported  fruits.  You  will  see  the  evil 
of  this  state  of  things  if  I  put  before  you,  in  imagi- 
nation, a  parallel  case  in  a  parable.  Supposing  one 
of  our  Cheshire  farmers  were  to  go  to  Holland  for 
his  butter,  to  Australia  for  his  meat,  to  France  and 
America  for  his  eggs  and  fruit;  and  the  farmer's 
wife  were  to  spend  all  her  pin-money  upon  fringes 
and  finery  from  Paris — where  do  you  think  the 
farmer  would  be  ?  England  is  very  much  in  the 
position  of  the  foolish  farmer,  going  abroad  for 
things  which  can  be  produced  at  home.  It  is  an 
undoubted  fact  that  we  are  paying  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  pounds  away  for  foreign  butter,  eggs, 
and  milk,  when  such  produce  may  be  obtained  within 
our  own  shores ;  and  yet  the  farmers  at  home  do  not 
know  how  to  make  ends  meet.  How  are  they  to 
be  helped  to  better  their  position  ?  In  my  opinion 
one  way  would  be  by  technical  education.  We  ought 
to  have  people  educated  for  the  trade  of  fruit-raisiug, 
just  as  we  already  have  workmen  educated  in  the 
trades  in  which  we  are  able  to  maintain  a  supremacy 
over  other  countries ;  we  ought  to  have  teachers  at 
work  in  the  field  as  well  as  in  the  schools  of 
textile  art  and  fabric.     And  even  in  towns  the  art  of 


Jnr  9,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


47 


gardening  can,  and  should  be,  taught  and  encou- 
raged. Much  might  be  done  by  means  of  exhibitions 
to  teach  people  what  can  be  done  in  a  garden. 
Exhibitions  are  beginning,  too,  to  raise  the  standard 
of  fruit.  Such  exhibitions  as  that  which  was  held  at 
Chiswick  ouglit  to  be  held  in  various  centres. 

Finally,  there  is  another  work  to  be  under- 
taken. I  allude  to  the  work  of  educating  the 
people  as  to  the  food  value  of  fruits.  I  havr- 
lately  been  reading  a  book  which  I  recommend 
to  all  who  are  interested  in  the  education  of 
the  people  in  habits  of  thrift,  economy,  and 
in  the  use  of  fruit  as  food — Mrs.  Butler's  Life  of 
Oberlin.  What  was  done  in  Switzerland  by  this 
truly  great  man  ought  to  be  done  in  our  own 
country  by  every  earnest  pastor  of  tlie  people.  Our 
town  populations  are  as  yet  indifferent  to  the  value 
of  fruit.  At  Chester  I  got  some  of  our  city  mis- 
sionaries to  make  inquiries  as  to  the  quantity  of  fruit 
partaken  of  by  the  poorer  classes  in  different  dis- 
tricts. They  rejjorted  to  me  that  they  visited 
in  Chester,  I  think,  109  people,  and  out  of  all  that 
number  the  total  amount  of  fruit  that  was  consumed 
amounted  to  sixty  quarts  of  all  kinds  for  the  pre- 
ceding twelve  months  !  I  think  it  is  terrible  that 
the  population  visited  by  city  missionaries  sliould  be 
absolutely  devoid  of  understanding  as  to  the  food 
value  of  fruit. 

Let  our  temperance  friends  undertake  this  noble 
work  of  positive  education.  Let  us  show  the  labour- 
ing man's  wife  that  drink  is  not  needful ;  that  fruit 
is  even  a  cheaper  and  better  luxun*.  Purity  and 
simplicity  of  life  is,  I  believe,  to  be  secured  in  a  very 
large  degree  by  the  extended  cultivation  and  use 
of  fruits.  In  the  first  place,  by  providing  the 
workers  with  healthful  occupations;  by  putting 
before  the  public  in  the  markets  a  form  of 
food  which  ought  to  be  a  considerable  factor  in  a 
simple  and  healthful  diet ;  and  by  encouraging  its  use 
in  domestic  circles  where  its  value  is  not  known.  In 
short,  it  is  much  better  to  turn  England  into  a  garden 
than  into  a  slaughter-house. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 


ODONTOGLOSSUMS  AT  SUDBURY  HOUSE. 

One  of  the  loveliest  floral  displays  one  can  possibly 
see  is  a  houseful  of  flowering  plants  of  Miltonia 
vexillaria,  unquestionably  the  queen  of  the  whole 
genus.  Such  a  sight  I  enjoyed  the  other  day  in 
Mr.  Peacock's  "village  of  glass"  in  the  rear  of  his 
residence,  Sudbury  House,  Hammersmith.  For 
several  years  this  Miltonia  has  been  one  of  the 
special  features  of  this  rich  Orchid  collection,  but 
this  season  I  think  that  the  display  has  been  finer 
than  ever,  the  plants  being  in  such  rude  health  as 
the  massive  growths  and  broad  foliage  indicate.  On 
seeing  these  hundreds  of  splendid  plants  one  is  apt  to 
ask  why  it  is  that  so  many  fail  in  growing  this  Orchid 
to  perfection,  for  one  may  visit  twenty  Orchid  col- 
lections and  not  see  a  dozen  healthy  plants  of  this 
finest  of  Miltonias.  Mr.  Vicary,  the  gardener,  may 
have  some  secret  to  tell  with  respect  to  the  treat- 
ment he  gives  his  plants,  but  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  there  is  nothing  beyond  the  close  attention  he 
pays  to  the  requirements  of  the  plants  as  regards 
watering,  and  an  incessant  watching  for  the  first 
thrips,  which  never  comes.  Every  experienced 
Orchid  grower  knows  that  the  deadliest  enemy  to 
this  Orchid,  and  indeed  Odontoglossum  Roezlii,  O. 
Phala^nopsis,  and  other  species  of  the  same  section, 
is  thrips,  and  if  the  young  and  very  tender  foliage  is 
once  attacked  by  it  the  plant  is  weakened  for  a  whole 
season.  Mr.  Vicary's  practice  is  simple  ;  he  wisely 
thinks  prevention  is  better  than  cure,  so  he  dips  the 
plants  in  a  weak  solution  of  tobacco-water  periodically. 
When  the  plants  are  in  bloom  the  operation  is  of 
course  suspended  for  a  time,  and  other  preventive  mea- 
sures taken  to  keep  the  pests  away.  It  may  interest 
some  would-be  cultivator  of  this  Orchid  to  knowthat 
the  house  in  which  Mr.  Peacock's  plants  are  grown  is 
long  and  narrow,  placed  against  a  wall,  facing,  I  be- 


lieve, due  north-east,  but  plenty  of  light  is  derived 
from  behind.  The  house  is  therefore  never  very  hot 
even  at  midsummer,  and  the  atmospheric  conditions 
as  regards  moisture  can  be  nicely  adjusted.  The 
plants  occupy  the  front  stage  close  under  the  roof, 
and  ample  provision  is  made  under  the  stages  and  in 
the  paths  for  abundant  evaporation.  The  plants 
occupy  the  same  house  throughout  the  year,  and 
there  is  no  fuss  made  about  shifting  them  from 
summer  to  winter  quarters  as  in  some  collections. 
There  are  no  fewer  than  7000  flowers  and  buds,  and 
some  of  the  plants  are  huge  specimens,  with  tall, 
many-flowered  spikes,  which  spread  on  all  sides  of 
the  plants  in  a  most  graceful  way. 

As  one  may  suppose,  there  are  numerous  distinct 
varieties  in  such  a  large  assemblage  of  plants  ;  somi^ 
of  the  forms  bear  uncommonly  large  flowers,  others 
are  very  light — almost  white,  in  fact— while  others 
are,  on  the  contrary,  of  an  intensely  deep  rose-pink — 
some  would  call  it  crimson,  and  a  few  combine  both 
light  and  dark  tints  in  the  same  flowers.  Every 
season  some  new  form  flowers  for  the  first  time  in 
this  collection,  and  if  an  attempt  were  made  to  give 
to  each  a  distinctive  name  the  list  of  names  indi- 
cating superlative  beauty  would  soon  be  exhausted. 
What  would  Bowman,  the  original  discoverer  of  this 
Orchid,  have  said  had  he  lived  to  see  such  a  gather- 
ing of  it  in  a  hothouse  ;  and  probably  Chesterton,  to 
whom  we  owe  its  introduction,  did  not  dream  that 
his  greatest  "  find  "  would  create  such  a  sight  as  this 
in  the  short  space  of  fifteen  years.  Mr.  Peacock's 
display  of  Miltonia  vexillaria  was  of  course  supple- 
mented by  numbers  of  other  species  in  bloom. 
Odontoglossum  crispum  was  in  abundance,  there 
being  quite  a  thicket  of  spikes  in  each  house  de- 
voted to  this  one  species  of  Orchid.  The  beautiful 
O.  Phalicnopsis,  which  is  so  difiicult  to  manage,  is 
here  one  of  the  specialties  of  the  place;  for  the  pre- 
cise treatment  it  likes  was  found  out  long  ago.  The 
housefuls  of  Oncidiuras,  Phalienopsids,  Dendrobes, 
Cattleyas,  Masdevallias,  all  added  to  the  great  dis- 
play in  this  Orchid  garden;  but  the  predominating 
feature  about  which  I  have  written  so  engrossed 
my  attention  that  I  did  not  notice  much  beyond 
them.  G. 

Cattleta  labiata  Warnerii. 

In  the  notes  on  the  Woodhatch  collection  of 
Orchids  it  is  stated  that  this  species  does  not  flower 
freely  in  some  collections.  It  is  a  fact  that  many 
growers  do  not  succeed  with  it.  There  is  no  reason 
whatever  why  the  plants  should  not  flower  freely 
enough  if  they  receive  the  treatment  they  require. 
The  plants  have  now  made  their  growth,  and  are 
either  in  flower  or  have  passed  through  that  stage, 
and  are  entering  into  the  period  of  rest,  which  ought 
to  be  a  lengthened  one.  The  plants  must  be  kept  at 
this  time  in  a  light  position  in  the  Cattleya-house, 
and  receive  but  very  little  water  at  the  roots.  This 
treatment  is  continued  for  four  or  five  months,  as 
the  plants  do  not  start  into  very  strong  growth  until 
January.  In  this  respect  C.  Warnerii  differs  from 
C.  Mendelii  and  C.  Mossioe  ;  the  two  latter  begin  to 
make  tlie  next  season's  bulbs  even  before  they  pass 
out  of  flower,  and  require  a  moist,  warm  atmosphere, 
with  plenty  of  water  at  the  roots.  The  mistake  is 
made  by  inexperienced  cultivators  of  treating  all  of 
them  alike,  with  the  natural  result  that  C.  Warnerii 
will  not  flower.  Give  it  a  good  resting  period  until 
Christmas.  At  that  time  the  plants  will  start  to 
grow,  and  even  before  the  pseudobulbs  are  quite 
developed  the  flowers  may  be  seen  in  the  sheath. 
They  come  in  just  after  Mossiie  and  Mendelii. 


we  flower  almost  as  freiily  as  Cattleya  Mossla;.  It 
flowers  as  freely  in  its  native  country,  and  there  is  no 
reason  why  it  should  not  do  so  in  our  hot  houses.  It  is 
all  a  matter  of  treatment.  The  plants  of  this  species 
and  of  L.  autumnalis  require  the  same  cultural  de- 
tails, viz.,  a  position  near  the  glass  in  an  interme- 
diate-house, summer  and  winter.  All  the  plants  are 
potted  in  the  usual  way,  in  good  peat  and  sphagnum. 
They  are  well  watered  during  the  growing  period,  but 
scarcely  receive  any  shade ;  a,  very  light  tiffany  screen 


is  placed  over  the  glass,  in  hot  sunny  weather,  such 
as  a  very  light  cloud  would  cause  drifting  before  the 
sun.  The  house  gets  very  hot  at  this  season,  and  is 
shut  up  early  in  the  afternoon  to  produce  a  high  tem- 
perature. This  is  desirable  at  present  for  the  pur- 
pose of  maturing  the  pseudobulbs.  The  leaves  of 
the  plants  ought  almost  to  touch  the  glass. 

0.  Miltonia  Koezlii. 
This  handsome  species  has  now  passed  out  of 
flower,  and  all  the  plants  of  it  have  been  repotted- 
I  have  tried  this  and  also  M.  vexillaria  by  potting 
them  once  only  in  two  years,  but  I  fancy  they  do 
better  when  repotted  annually.  There  may  be  some 
difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  best  time  to  perform 
the  operation  of  potting,  and  I  have  found  the  plants 
to  do  quite  as  well  when  they  were  disturbed  in 
autumn,  as  they  do  if  shifted  into  fresh  pots  now. 
It  is  easier  to  err  on  the  side  of  under  than  on  that 
of  over-potting.  J.  Douglas. 

Orchids  at  Freeland,  Perth,  N.B. 

To  admirers  of  Orchids  a  visit  to  the  residence  of 
C.  L.  Wood,  Esq.,  would  at  any  time  be  \\'orth  a 
long  journey,  and  at  the  present  time  especially  so, 
as  there  is  a  gorgeous  display  of  flowers,  particularly 
in  the  cool  house.  The  collection  of  Orchids  at 
Freeland  has  for  several  years  been  under  the  care- 
ful management  of  Mr.  lioutledge,  and  during  that 
time  has  been  steadily  increasing  in  extent.  Odon- 
toglossums  form  an  important  item,  there  being  over 
a  hundred  fine  spikes  of  0.  crispum  alone  in  full 
bloom,  while  as  many  more  still  remain  unopened. 
Several  of  the  plants  bore  from  seven  to  nine  spikes, 
with  an  average  of  eight  blooms  on  a  spike  ;  one 
plant  noticed  had  a  fine  spike  bearing  thirteen  fully 
expanded  flowers,  many  of  them  measuring  4^  by 
5  inches.  Amongst  the  other  Odontoglots  observed 
were  a  nice  plant  of  0.  cirrosum,  with  a  couple  of 
spikes,  each  carrying  a  dozen  fine  flowers  ;  O. 
(Miltonia)  vexillarium,  with  six  spikes,  bearing  five 
blooms  each,  most  of  them  measuring  4}  by  3^ 
inches,  and  very  finely  coloured  ;  and  0.  cordatum, 
an  old  but  very  useful  variety,  was  also  finely 
flowered.  A  very  fine  specimen  of  0.  Kuckerianum, 
with  two  spikes  bearing  seventy  blooms,  was  just 
over,  as  were  also  a  number  of  fine  plants  of 
0.  hystrix.  0.  Pescatorei  had  still  a  few  spikes 
of  very  chaste  flowers,  and  in  the  same  house 
were  a  number  of  plants  of  Masdevallia  Harry- 
ana  growing  in  7-iuch  pots,  each  carrying  on  an 
average  from  thirty-five  to  forty  flowers,  which 
looked  bright  and  showy  among  the  Odontoglots. 

Disa  grandiflora,  showing  a  number  of  strong 
healthy  flower-spikes,  will  soon  be  bright  with  its 
crimson  flowers.  Several  of  these  plants  were 
growing  in  baskets,  and  producing  quantities  of 
growths  both  at  the  sides  and  bottoms  ;  any  one 
desirous  of  increasing  their  stock  of  this  beautiful 
Orchid  might  adopt  the  basket  system  with  advan- 
tage. Amongst  the  Cypripediums,  a  number  of 
plants  of  Lawrenceanum  were  finely  flowered,  while 
farther  along  a  nice  healthy  piece  of  Godefroyie  with 
several  neat  blooms  was  observed.  C.  Stonei,  C, 
ciliolare,  and  C.  Veitchianum  were  also  well  repre- 
sented. C.  niveum  was,  however,  the  prettiest  of 
the  lot,  a  neat  little  plant  bearing  half  a  dozen  chaste 
blooms — a  gem.  Among  the  Dendrobes,  D.  Farmeri, 
with  four  long  drooping  racemes,  each  bearing  from 
thirty  to  thirty-five  fully  expanded  flowers,  was  very 
effective.  D.  Dearei,  with  its  snowy  blossoms,  was 
also  very  attractive  ;  D.  Jaraesianum,  which  is  often 
seen  grown  in  warm  quarters,  is  here  doing  splendidly 
in  the  Odontoglossum-house,  making  strong  solid 
bulbs. 

Cattleyas  were  nearly  all  over,  a  few  flowers  only 
remaining  to  show  what  had  been  ;  one  plant  of  C. 
Mossiie  chiriquensis,  with  three  spikes  of  fine  flowers 
measuring  7|  inches  by  8  inches,  was  really  hand- 
some, the  individual  blooms  being  fine  in  texture 
and  richly  coloured ;  C.  Mendelii  was  also  well 
flowered.  Lielia  elegans,  a  general  favourite  every- 
where, is  also  represented  by  a  numbei'  of  robust 
healthy  plants  in  flower.  W.  L, 


48 


THE     GABDEKEBS'     CIinnXIfLE. 


[July  9,  18H7. 


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forwarded  toith  complaint), 

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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


iRoval  Iloiticultural  Society  :  Cnun- 
cil;    nnd    Scientific,    Fruit    ami 
..-,       Floral  Committees. 

J  Gar(teiu'r,s'  Orphan  Fund:  General 
[      Meeting. 

SHOWS. 

.IfLV  12.! 


WEDXESD.VY,  .Tuly  l'!-' 


',  Jloulsey  Horticultural. 

(Tlii.in.  1;  ll.>-lM  iiltural. 

THURSDAY, 

.Ill.v 

j^;  l::i;               .          -niral  and  Hiirti- 

1  Ali:^.iL..li,.  lal.icc  Uoae  Show  (three 
'.     day»). 

FRIDAY, 

.TfLV 

("West  of  Scotland  Ro«arians. 
, .  I  Hereford  and  West  of  England  Ro«e. 
'•^)HuU  Amateur  Horticultural   (two 

(     days). 

SALES 

WEDNESDAY, 

,  .Tl-LY 

,,  (  Orchids  in    Flower,   Imported   Or- 
^^\     chids,  &c.,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

THURSDAY. 

JlLY 

,  I  I  Importation  of  Orchids,  at  Stevens* 

FRIDAY, 

.Il-LY 

..(Established  Orchids,   at  rrothcroe 
'^  i     &  Morris' Rooms. 

EVERYTHI.VG   is   now  in  train,    de- 
Gardeners'  J     .1         1  1  T  1  T 

Orphan  Fund  *'"'^  buve  been  disoussed,  redis- 
cussed,  and  discussed  again,  so 
that  the  provisional  committee  will  be  able  to 
present  to  the  general  meeting  on  the  12th  inst. 
a  scheme  which,  however  it  may  work  out  in 
practice,  is  neither  crude  nor  ill-digested.  The 
general  meeting  will  be  held  in  the  Conservatory 
at  South  Kensington  on  Tuesday  next,  July  12,  at 
3  P.M.,  when,  it  is  stated.  Sir  .Julian  Golds.mid, 
M.P.,  the  President  of  the  Fund,  will  take  the 
chair.  The  provisional  committee  will,  we  appre- 
hend, give  an  account  of  their  labours,  and  will 
submit  the  proposed  rules  (copies  of  which 
have  been  circulated),  for  adoption  by  the 
meeting.  The  provisional  Treasurer  or  one  of 
the  Secretaries  will  probably  submit  a  financial 
statement,  and  it  will  then  be  for  the  meeting  to 
ratify  the  proceedings  of  the  provisional  com- 


mittee, to  propose  amendments,  or  even  the  rejec- 
tion of  the  scheme,  if  they  think  fit.  Of  this  last 
alternative,  however,  we  have  no  fear.  T\'hat  we 
do  earnestly  hope  is  that  if  not  a  very  large  (but  the 
larger  the  better)  yet  a  very  representative  meeting 
will  be  assembled  to  release  the  provisional  com- 
mittee, and  appoint  a  permanent  one.  "We  hope  to 
see  the  Councils  of  the  Koyal  Horticultural 
Society,  the  Royal  Botanic  Society,  the  National 
Hose,  and  Chrysanthemum,  and,  indeed,  of  all 
the  Societies  and  Institutes  connected  with  Hor- 
ticulture, officially  represented.  The  Provisional 
Committee  and  its  Chairman  have  done  their 
work  eagerly  and  well,  from  a  sense  of  the 
excellence  of  the  cause ;  the  best  way  in  which 
the  community  can  express  their  gratitude  to 
Mr.  Penny  and  the  originators  of  the  pro- 
posal— to  Mr.  Deal  and  his  associates,  who  have 
directed  its  evolution  to  the  present  stage,  is  to 
attend  in  their  numbers,  or  if  not  able  to  do  so, 
to  help  the  helpless  by  their  subscriptions,  and 
cheer  the  future  Executive  by  their  support. 
The  names  of  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.,  Suaem.vx, 
and  CuTi.EU  should  have  been  added  to  the  sub- 
scription list  in  our  last  issue. 


The  proceedir.gs  in  th  :•   whilom 
instHute'"      garden  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 

Society  on  the  occasion  of  the 
deposit  of  the  foundation  stone  of  the  buildings 
for  the  Imperial  Institute,  by  Her  Majesty, 
were  stately  enough,  and,  so  far  as  they  went,  of 
good  augury  for  the  future.  There  is  still,  how- 
ever, a  vagueness  about  what  is  proposed  and 
how  it  is  to  be  effected  that  will  at  any  rate  defer 
its  success.  For  one  thing  not  a  word  as  far  as 
we  can  gather  was  said  about  Horticulture.  A\'e 
venture  to  affirm,  however,  that  of  all  the  sul- 
jeots  which  will  come  within  the  purview  of  an 
Indo-Colonial  Institute  such  as  this  is  to  be,  none 
is  of  more  importance  than  the  culture  of  plants 
for  economic  or  ornamental  purposes. 

We  have  repeatedly  mentioned  the  boon  which 
the  botanists  of  India  and  the  botanists  at  Kew 
have  conferred  on  the  Empire.  Look  at  the 
Cinchona  interest,  the  Tea  industry.  Cotton  cul- 
ture, the  search  for  and  culture  of  Rubber  trees, 
and  a  dozen  other  matters,  some  of  which  would 
have  been  wholly  impossible  except  for  the 
labours  of  the  botanists  and  culturists.  Horti- 
culture, then,  in  this  broad  sense  should  have  no 
small  share  in  the  Imperial  Institute,  and  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  as  the  representative 
of  scientitio  horticulture,  should  see  that  it 
is  not  left  out  in  the  cold.  Lord  Salisbury,  as 
the  mouthpiece  of  the  Connnissioners  for  the 
Exhibition  of  IS.jl,  addressed  Her  Majesty  as 
to  the  work  that  has  been  done  at  South  Ken- 
sington, and  made  incidental  allusion  to  the 
Pioyal  Horticultural  Society.  He  took  credit  to 
the  Commissioners  for  having  granted  sites  or 
otherwise  aided  some  eight  institutions  of  various 
Icinds,  but  he  said  nothing  of  the  way  in  which 
the  Commissioners  have  beggared  the  Society, 
after  having  compelled  it  to  borrow  money  and 
build  costly  structures  on  their  land,  from  which 
the  Society  derives  no  benefit,  and  from  which 
it  is  to  be  expelled — well,  from  which  it  is 
to  go  shortly  ;  he  said  nothing  about  the 
contest  to  secure  the  rights  of  the  debenture- 
holders — a  contest  which  proved  the  honesty  of 
the  Society,  but  at  the  cost  of  its  resources,  which 
left  it  honour,  but  no  peace — a  contest,  in  fact, 


which  left  the  Society  practically  penniless,  and 
which  left  the  landlords  in  possession  of  build- 
ings erected,  in  great  part  at  least,  by  the  tenants. 

The  Society  as  a  fashionable  resort  has,  it  is 
true,  been  a  failure,  but  no  one  conversant  with 
its  work  in  practical  horticulture  will  admit  that 
it  has  been  anything  but  a  success  in  this  parti- 
cular. Its  conunittees  work  diligently  and  well 
throughout  the  year,  without  fee  or  reward.  They 
do  work  on  a  scale  and  in  a  degree  which  no  other 
body  in  the  kingdom  attempts  to  do ;  the  Chis- 
wick  trials,  moreover,  are  of  service  to  the  whole 
community,  and,  in  fact,  the  whole  practical  work 
of  the  Society  is  one  of  direct  utility :  and  yet 
having  been  beggared,  mainly  by  the  action  of  the 
Commissioners,  it  is  not  to  be  allowed  a  slice  of  that 
territory  which  nine  other  institutions,  it  appears, 
are  to  enjoy  or  do  enjoy.  Two  or  three  of  these 
institutions  are  doing  magnificent  work,  but  as 
to  the  remainder,  while  we  are  far  from  wishing 
to  speak  in  dLsparagement  of  them,  there  is  not 
one  whose  work  hitherto  can,  or  could,  compare 
in  practical  utility  to  the  nation  to  that  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society.  Surely  if  these 
institutions  are  entitled  to  sites,  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society  has  certainly  a  prior  and  in 
our  opinion  a  stronger  claim.  The  Marquis  of 
Salisbury,  of  course,  may  be  expected  to  know 
about  as  much  as  the  man  in  the  moon  of  the 
work  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  but 
surely  there  must  have  been  some  among  the 
scientific  members  of  the  Conunission  to  whom  the 
treatment  accorded  to  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  must  have  brought  a  blush  of  shame,  that 
is,  if  members  of  a  body  corporate  are  susceptible 
of  vascular  dilatations  of  that  kind.  Blushing  is, 
it  is  said,  due  to  the  sudden  paralysis  of  certain 
nerves,  which  anatomists  call  sympathetic,  and  the 
consequent  repletion  of  the  blood-vessels.  No 
one  will  accuse  the  Commissioners  of  being  sym- 
pathetic, so  it  is  probable  that  this  particular 
branch  of  their  nervous  system  is  defective.  This 
would  not  be  of  so  much  consequence  if  their 
sense  of  justice  were  not  also,  as  it  would  seem, 
correspondingly  impaired. 


The  managers  of  that  earnest 
Show""  ^"'^  ^^'^"  M^ii^Sed  Society,  the 
Kational  Rose  Society,  may  be 
congratulated  on  the  success  of  their  venture  on 
Tuesday  last.  In  spite  of  predictions  of  climatic 
evil,  which  seemed  only  too  likely  to  be  justified, 
a  good  exhibition  was  got  together.  The  Teas 
were  wonderfully  beautiful ;  Countess  de  Nadail- 
lac  must  be  saluted  as  theQueenof  the  year,  Ulrich 
Brunner  as  the  King,  while  llessrs.  Haekness  S: 
Son,  of  Bedale,  may  be  congratulated  on  having 
won  the  Trophy  Clip.  The  Pauls,  Cants,  Tur- 
ners, Cbanstons,  have  had  so  many  successes, 
both  in  this  and  in  past  years,  that  they  will  not 
grudge  a  Yorkshire  firm  the  honour  they  have 
won,  and  rosarians  will  rejoice  that  the  empire  of 
Queeii  Rose  is  thus  conspicuously  seen  to  be 
daily  extending.  A  full  report  of  the  show  is 
given  in  another  column  ;  but  amid  all  the  formal 
lines  of  twenty-fours  and  thirty-sixes,  the  fault- 
less Merveilles  de  Lyon,  the  geometric  A.  K. 
Williams  and  others,  over  whose  points  the 
enthusiast  lingers  in  rapture,  we  may  be  allowed 
to  mention  the  charm  conferred  by  the  boxes  of 
"  garden  Roses."  The  sight  of  them  is  comparable 
to  a  ramble  in  the  woods  in  summer  in  contrast 
with  attendance  at  a  St.-ite  ceremonial  in  full 
uniform.  Comparisons,  however,  are  inappro- 
priate ;  but  among  these  garden  Roses  was  one 
— "  The  Garland  " — of  such  exceeding  beauty, 
that  it  is  a  duty  to  those  who  love  their  gardens  to 
mention  it.     The  beautiful  JIacartnev  Rose  was 


Jii-X  0,  1887.] 


THE     GAB  DENE  I?  S'     CHRONICLE. 


49 


conspicuous  by  it«  absence,  or  if  present  it  escaped 
our  observation. 

The  way  in  which  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  neglects,  or,  as  in  this  case,  ignores  its 
opportunities,  is  only  to  be  explained  by  the 
creeping  paralysis  which  is  steadily  stealing  over 
t.  Kosarians  from  most  parts  of  the  island  were 
present,  but  for  all  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  did  on  this  occasion  the  meeting  might 
have  been  one  of  tallow-chandlers  on  Salisbury 
Plain.  The  Society  complains  of  its  loss  of  influ- 
ence in  the  provinces  and  of  the  multiplication  of 
special  societies  which  are  absorbing  the  interest 
of  which  it  ought  to  have  the  largest  share,  but 
the  proceedings  on  Tuesday  seem  to  afford  a  good 
reason  for  the  want  of  sympathy  on  either  side. 


admirably.  Being  vigorous  gi-owers  -Ivhen  in  health, 
care  should  be  taken  to  furnish  an  ample  supply  of 
rich  loam  when  planted,  and  afterwards  to  assist  the 
plants  when  this  beconips  exhausted  witli  top-dress- 
ings of  loam  and  manure. 

The    Late    Mr.    Thomas   Moore.  —  Many 

persons  desirous  to  jiosscss  some  memento  of  this 
indefatigable  worker  in  horticultural  matters  may 
like  to  learn  that  liis  library  has  been  disposed  of 
entire  to  Mr.  'Wheldo.s-,  Great  Queen  Street,  by 
whom,  with  the  assistance  of  a  competent  botanist, 
Mr.  James  Collins,  it  has  been  catalogued  for  sale. 
Mr.  Moore's  library  was  very  complete  in  books  of 
general  botanical  reference,  and,  of  course,  was  un- 
usually rich  in  works  relating  to  horticulture  and  to 


the  conclusion  that  the  germinating  power  of  a  seed 
is  proportionate  to  the  amount  of  nitrogen  it  received 
during  its  formation,  and  which  it  has  retained 
during  its  period  of  dormant  activity.  To  preserve 
the  vitality  of  a  seed,  M.  Dir  Brvssos  counsels  that 
it  shall  be  kept  so  that  the  agents  which  facilitate 
germination — heat  and  moisture — shall  not  be  able  to 
affect  them.  The  Count  lays  special  stress  on  the 
necessity  for  keeping  the  seed  at  a  low  temperature. 

Market  Fruit.— We  are  frequently  requested 
by  dissatisfied  fruit-growers  to  publish  their  some- 
time just  complaints  in  reference  to  the  prices 
returned  to  them  by  Covent  Garden  salesmen  ;  but 
on  Friday  last  we  were  shown  such  a  sample  of  bad 
packing  as  would  give  cause,  if  it  were  common,  for 


.'^^ji:rv 


iW:'(\^ 


Fig.  12. — teee  p.eosy  locise  mocchelet. 


Tree  PyeONIES.— Our  illustration,  fig.  12,  repre- 
sents a  fine  specimen  of  Tree  Posony  Louise  Mouche- 
let,  growing  in  the  gardens  at  Weirleigh,  Brenchley, 
the  residence  of  A.  Sassoon,  Esq.  The  plant  is 
about  5  feet  high,  and  is  fullv  7  feet  in  width. 
When  last  in  bloom  it  was  a  magnificent  sight,  carry- 
ing over  fifty  flowers,  wliich  averaged  8  inches  across. 
Paionies  being,  amongst  flowering  shrubs,  the  earliest 
to  begin  to  grow,  require  some  protection  from  cold 
winds  and  spring  frosts,  and  are  best  planted  where 
they  receive  protection  on  the  north  and  east  sides. 
It  is  needless  to  say  that  Tree  Pieonies  are  amongst 
the  most  gorgeons  of  flowering  shrubs  ;  and  althougli 
spring  tender  when  standing  in  perfectly  open  situa- 
tions, yet  they  are  capable  of  adding  much  to  the  inte- 
rest and  beauty  of  the  early  summer  garden  when  judi- 
ciously planted.  When  planted  in  unhealed  houses, 
glass  corridors,  and  tlie  like  places,  where  the  plants 
make    growth    unharmed    by   frosts,  they   succeed 


Ferns.  The  monument  to  be  erected  in  the  Bromp- 
ton  Cemetery  is  approaching  completion,  and  still 
there  is  an  opportunity  for  those  who  have  not 
already  done  so  to  contribute  to  the  memorial  of  one 
of  the  soundest  horticulturists  the  country  has  pro- 
duced. Messrs.  Hakky  Veitch,  King's  Road,  Clielsea, 
and  Dr.  Mastehs,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  have  the 
matter  in  hand. 

Preservation  of  Seeds. — M.  le  Comte  m-> 
BoYssoN,  well  known  as  a  ])ractical  Orchid  grower, 
recommends  from  his  own  experience  that  old  seeds 
of  doubtful  germinating  power  should  be  soaked  for 
thirty-six  hours  in  some  liquid  containing  nitrogen, 
e,q.,  one  gramme  of  guano  to  a  litre  of  water.  The 
experiment  was  varied  in  different  manners,  but 
always  witji  tlie  same  satisfactory  result.  Reflecting 
on  this  and  on  the  occasional  long  prolongation  of 
vitalitv  in  buried    seeds,  ^f.  Dtj   Buvssov   came    to 


wholesale  complaint  by  the  salesmen  against  the 
senders  of  choice  fruit.  The  fruit  was  Peaches  of 
fair  size,  and  quite  ripe  when  sent — that  of  itself  a 
mistake,  as  fruit  intended  to  be  kept  a  day  or  two 
for  sale  should  be  gathered  previous  to  perfect  ripe- 
ness. Cotton-wool  was  employed  as  the  packing 
material,  but  in  too  small  quantity.  The  bottom  of 
the  wooden  bo.x  which  held  the  fruits  was  so  thinly 
lined  with  the  wool  that  the  base  of  the  fruits  was  in 
all  cases  entirely  reduced  to  pulp  by  concussion  with 
the  wood,  and  they  were  only  separated  from  each 
other  at  the  sides  by  thin  rolls  of  wool,  and  not 
wrapped  in  tissue-paper,  but  were  in  contact  with 
wool  everywhere.  Now  here  was  about  £1  worth  of 
fruit  rendered  unsaleable  by  unsatisfactory  packing. 
It  cannot  too  often  be  repeated,  that  the  best  pack- 
ing material  is  well  picked,  fine,  partially  dry  moss, 
free  from  dust  and  any  substances  that  would  bruise 
the  fruit :  and  such  fruit  as  Melons,  Peaches,  Xec- 


50 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONIGLE. 


[July  9,  1887. 


tarines,  Figs,  ripe  Pears,  Grenadillas,  and  Pine- 
apples, should  be  wrapped  in  tissue-paper  previous 
to  embedding  in  the  moss.  A  layer  of  at  least 
1  inch  in  thickness  when  pressed  sliould  intervene 
between  the  sides  and  bottom  of  the  box  and  the 
fruit,  except  in  the  case  of  heavy  fruit,  such  as  the 
first  and  last  above  named,  when  4  inches  of  packing 
moss  would  not  be  excessive.  Grapes  should  be 
packed  tightly  at  the  sides  with  moss — but  separated 
from  it  by  smooth  paper — to  prevent  movement,  but 
should  receive  no  packing  material  at  the  top,  and 
are  safest  when  placed  in  a  cross-handled  basket. 

"  Phytolacca  electrica.— This  is  the  name 

of  a  new  plant  lately  discovered  to  have  electrical 
properties,  and  described  by  some  of  the  German 
journals.  It  gives  a  slight  electric  shock  to  the 
hand  when  its  stalk  is  broken,  and  it  affects  the 
magnetic  needle,  disturbing  it  considerably  if  brouglit 
very  near.  Its  energy  varies  during  the  day,  being 
strongest  at  about  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  and 
fading  away  to  nothing  at  night."  "We  take  the 
above  from  Burgoyne,  Bhrbidge  &  Co.'s  Trade 
List;  but  we  are  of  course  not  responsible  for  the 
accuracy  of  the  statement. 

Scottish  Seed  and  Nursery  Associa- 
tion.— A  committei'  minting  of  tlie  above  Associa- 
tion was  held  at  Knowetiekl,  Carlisle,  on  -Tune  29, 
Mr.  James  Watt,  who  is  President  of  the  Associa- 
tion for  the  year,  in  the  chair.  After  the  business 
of  the  meeting  was  concluded  an  inspection  of 
Messrs.  Little  &  Ballantyne's  nurseries  was  made, 
Mr.  "Watt  afterwards  entertaining  at  Knowefield  the 
members  who  represented  the  leading  Scotch  houses 
from  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  and  other  towns,  to 
dinner.  The  Mayor  of  Carlisle  was  amongst  the 
guests  who  joined  the  dinner  party. 

Germination  of  Brazil  Nuts  (Bertholletia 

exeelsa). — With  a  view  to  introducing  into  Queens- 
land this  valuable  tree  a  large  quantity  of  freshly 
imported  seeds  was  purchased  for  Kew  from  a  Lon- 
don wholesale  house,  and  at  once  packed  in  cases 
with  moist  soil,  and  forwarded  to  the  Botanical 
(lardens  at  Brisbane.  To  test  the  seeds  a  sowing 
was  made  at  Kew  at  the  same  time.  Several  of 
these  germinated  a  few  weeks  after  they  were  sown, 
whilst  others  have  I'emained  in  the  soil  without 
showing  any  signs  of  growth  till  the  beginning  of 
this  month.  We  have  in  this  a  proof  that  under 
certain  favourable  conditions  the  seeds  of  the  Brazil 
Nut  will  keep  fresh,  and  retain  the  power  to  germi- 
nate, for  at  least  two  years.  As  these  seeds  are 
generally  considered  among  those  which  soonest  lose 
their  germinating  power,  owing  to  the  large  quantity 
of  oil  they  contain,  it  is  worth  recording  that  tliey 
may  be  kept  fresh  for  a  period  of  two  years  at  least. 

Tuberous  Begonias  at  South  Kensing- 
ton.—  We  understand  that  Messrs.  Joun  Laing 
&  Co.,  Stanstead  Park  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  intend 
making  a  large  display  of  double  and  single  flower- 
ing Begonias  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
meeting  on  July  12. 

TonQUIN  Beans. — The  Tonquin,  or,  as  it  is  some- 
times called,  the  Tonga  Bean,  the  seed  of  Dipterj'X 
odorata,  Willd.,  is  well  known  for  its  fragrance, 
resembliug  that  of  newly-mown  hay,  and  hence  it 
was  much  valued,  at  one  time,  for  scenting  snuff,  and 
at  the  present  time  for  sachets  and  handkerchief 
perfumes.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  Guiana,  and  grows 
to  a  height  of  from  GO  to  70  feet,  with  a  diameter 
of  from  1  to  2  feet.  The  wood  is  very  hard  and 
durable,  and  is  said  to  bear  a  greater  sti'ain  than 
any  other  wood  in  the  colony.  It  is  chiefly  used 
for  shafts,  mill  wheels,  cogs,  &c.  The  principal 
value  of  the  tree,  however,  is  for  the  seeds,  the 
best  qualities  of  which  always  fetch  a  high  price 
in  the  English  market,  the  finest  Angostura  Beans 
realising  at  the  present  time  &•.  Qd.  jjer  pound 
wholesale,  the  second  and  third  qualities  fetching 
4s.  and  2s.  respectively.  In  a  rejjort  on  the  trade 
of  the  State    of  Bolivar   for  the   year  1886   it   is 


stated  that  the  crop  of  Beans  was  unusually  large 
and  far  exceeded  the  crops  of  the  previous  five 
years.  The  quantity  of  Beans  collected  in  the  great 
forests  of  the  territory  of  Caura  and  prepared  for 
exportation  exceeded  350,000  lb.  weight.  The  total 
quantity  exported  from  Ciudad  Bolivar,  according  to 
the  retmrns  of  the  agents  of  the  parties  who 
hold  the  exclusive  privilege  of  collecting  and 
exporting  the  vegetable  products  of  the  above-named 
territory,  was  298,000  lb.  nett  weight.  Previous  to 
the  year  188.3,  before  the  collecting  and  exporting 
this  valuable  fruit  became  a  monopoly,  the  mer- 
chants of  Ciudad  Bolivar  paid  the  Government  an 
export  duty  of  .35  cents  per  pound — three  and  a  half 
times  as  much  as  that  now  paid  by  the  parties  hold- 
ing the  exclusive  privilege  of  exporting  this  seed.  The 
quantities  exported  fluctuate  considerably,  as  will  be 
seen  from  the  following  statement :— 1882,  89,965  lb. ; 
1883,1.5.3,1.381b.:  1884,150.6811b.;  1885,35.325  1b.; 
1886.  298.01X1  lb. 

Mushroom  Gathering.— In  the  Queen's  Bench 

Division,  on  Tuesday,  July  5,  before  Mr.  Justice 
A.  L.  Smith  and  Mr.  Justice  Wills,  the  case  of 
Gardenek  )'.  Maxsbridge  was  heard.  The  case  canu' 
before  their  lordships  some  time  ago,  and  judgment 
was  now  delivered.  Mr.  Justice  Smith  said  that  in 
the  opinion  of  the  Court  tlie  mere  gathering  of 
Mushrooms  was  not  an  offence  contemplated  by  the 
Act  under  which  the  proceedings  were  taken.  Some 
actual  damage  must  be  shown  to  accrue  to  the  real 
property,  and  it  was  not  an  offence  to  destroy  uncul- 
tivated roots  or  plants.  It  could  not  be  supposed 
that  while  the  Legislature  only  punished  damage  to 
cultivated  plants  with  one  month's  imprisonment 
the  gathering  of  ilushrooms  would  render  a  person 
liable  to  two  months'  imprisonment,  as  he  would  be 
under  the  Act  under  which  these  proceedings  were 
taken.  The  Justices  were  therefore  right  in  refusing 
to  convict,  and  the  remedy  of  the  ajjplicant  was  by 
a  civil  action  for  trespass  in  the  county  court,  and 
not  by  criminal  proceedings.  The  appeal  would 
therefore  be  dismissed,  with  costs. 

The    Natural  Families   of  Plants.— We 

have  already  referred  on  more  than  one  occasion  to 
the  very  comprehensive  work  now  issuing  in  separate 
parts  by  Engelmann,  of  Leipsig,  under  the  editorship 
of  Professors  Exgler  and  Peantl.  The  last  part 
before  us  is  devoted  to  the  grasses,  and  is  the  work 
of  Professor  Hackeli,,  of  St.  Piilten.  The  structure 
and  mode  of  growth  of  all  parts  of  the  ])lant,  the 
peculiarities  of  the  flower  and  seed,  are  given  in 
detail,  as  well  as  notes  on  the  geographical  distribu- 
tion and  classification  of  the  species.  The  charac- 
ters of  each  genus  are  given  with  copious  reference 
to  interesting  species,  and  illustrated  by  numerous 
excellent  woodcuts.  These  latter  render  the  book 
useful  to  those  who  do  not  read  German ;  but  in  any 
case  the  work  is  indispensable  to  botanists.  It  is 
more  like  a  modern  edition  of  Lindley's  Vcgctahle 
Kingdom  than  any  book  we  know,  but  more  extended 
in  scope,  and  of  course  up  to  date  in  point  of 
information. 

Hybrid  Tacsonia.— Mr.  Smythe,  of  Basing 
Park  Gardens,  obligingly  sends  us  flowers  of  a  new 
hybrid  raised  by  him  out  of  T.  insignis  by  the  pollen 
of  T.  Volxemii.  "  After  many  years'  trial,"  says  Mr. 
Smythe,  "  I  have  succeeded  in  getting  a  cross  from 
insignis.  The  seed  ripened  on  February  17,  1885. 
1  had  one  hundred  seeds.  All  appeared  good,  and 
were  sown  at  once,  but  I  only  raised  four  plants  up 
— three  dropped  ott'.  I  only  saved  one  plant,  which 
is  now  in  flower.  You  will  see  by  the  enclosed 
flower  that  the-  anthers  have  a  narrow  petal  at  the 
back  of  the  stamen  which  gives  the  flowers  a  second 
row  of  petals,  much  smaller.  The  colour  of  the  flowers 
is  different  to  that  of  either  of  the  parent  plants, 
and  it  has  leaves  of  three  different  shapes."  The 
foliagi'  of  the  hybrid  is  like  that  of  T.  insignis, 
but  some  of  the  leaves  are  tri-parted  (as  happens 
sometimes  in  T.  insignis,  though  the  first  specimens 
seen  had  all  simple  leaves).  The  bracts  are  also  like 
those  of  insignis.    Tlie  colour  of  the  flower  is  dif- 


ferent from  that  of  either  parent,  the  sepals  have  the 
slender  awn  of  "Volxemii,  rather  than  the  stout, 
sickle-shaped  process  of  insignis.  The  blue  threads 
of  the  upper  corona  are  like  those  of  insignis.  while 
those  at  the  base  of  the  tube  are  those  of  Volxemii. 
The  stamens  are  deformed  and  petaloid,  and  above 
the  place  where  they  are  given  off  is  a  succulent 
deep  blue  corona,  with  laciniate  lobes,  of  which  there 
are  no  indications  in  either  parent,  and  which  is 
therefore  quite  abnormal,  as  are  also  the  petaloid 
anthers.  The  ovary  has  the  shape  of  that  of 
Volxemii,  and  the  ovules  are  normal.  Without 
I'Utering  into  further  detail,  it  may  be  stated  that  the 
flower  is  intermediate  between  its  parents.  Of  its 
use  as  a  decorative  plant  and  its  habit  we  can  of 
course  say  nothing,  having  only  seen  a  single  flower. 
One  great  aim  with  raisers  should  be  to  gain  a  hardy 
variety ;  and  if  only  the  right  species  could  be 
obtained,  we  should  have  no  doubt  that  such  a  result 
might  be  .attained. 

The   Seed    Trade   and   Sunday   Postal 

Labour. — We  have  received  the  following  commu- 
nication upon  this  subject : — 

•'  Sir, — I  shall  be  obliged  by  your  kindly  inserting 
the  enclosed  short  letter,  addressed  by  me  to  the 
Tillies,  which  has  not  yet  appeared. 

"  Yours  obediently,  "  Martix  .1.  Suttok. 

"  Dvson's  Wood,  Kidmore,  near  Reading, 
"  July  1,  1887." 

[Cop;,.] 

"Dvson's  Wood,  Kidmore.  near  Reading. 

(To  the  Editor  of  the  Times.) 

"  .Sir. — I  was  surprised  to  see  a  paragraph  in  your 

issue  of  the  18th  ult.,  in  which  reference  is  made  to 

evidence  given  by  me  before  a  Select  Committee  of 

the  House  of  Commons  on  Sunday  Postal  Labour. 

"  Although  in  the  main  accurate,  I  must  request 
you  to  allow  me  to  say  that  when  asked  as  to  the 
]H-aetice  of  other  seed  firms  as  regards  executing 
orders  on  Sundays,  I  was  most  careful  to  state  that  I 
did  not  know  that  any  single  firm  worked  on  Sunday, 
although  I  assented  to  the  proposition  of  a  member  of 
the  committee,  that  if  they  did  my  firm  might  to 
some  small  extent  be  a  loser. — Your  obedient  servant, 
"  Martin  J.  Suttox.'' 

The  paragraph  inserted  by  us  at  p.  838  of  our  last 
volume,  was  sent  to  us  by  Jlessrs.  Sotton,  with  an 
intimation  that  the  Times'  report  therein  alluded  to 
was  inaccurate.  We  did  not  see  the  original  report 
in  the  Tii/irs,  but  we  printed  the  corrected  version 
sent  to  us  by  Messrs.  Suttox,  and  in  which  there  is 
certainly  no  allusion  to  the  practice,  or  alleged  prac- 
tice, of  other  firms  commented  on  at  p.  19. 

Contributions  to  the  History  of"  Wars.'' 

— This  title  heads  a  communication  to  the  Phar- 
?tiac£utical  J'utrnal.  by  Professor  Flcckigeh.  Both 
the  journal  and  the  author  have  hitherto  appeared 
to  be  of  a  very  pacific  nature.  Reference  to  the  ]ia]>er 
assures  us  that  no  change  has  taken  place.  Under 
the  term  "  wars  "  are  meant  certain  glands  on  the  pods 
of  Flemingia  rhodocarpa  of  Southern  India.  This 
and  similar  substances  have  been  used  for  centuries 
in  India  as  a  remedy  for  tape-worm  and  for  certain 
forms  of  skin  disease. 

Cape  Town  Botanic  Gardens.— This  g.arden 

has  a  Government  subvention  of  £500,  increased  by 
voluntary  subscriptions  to  £554.  To  make  both 
ends  meet  the  garden  has  to  carry  on  a  commercial 
speculation  fatal  to  the  true  interests  of  the  estab- 
lishment, and  one  not  calculated  to  ensure  the  good- 
will of  the  legitimate  traders.  The  Director  con- 
tinues to  afford  information  on  plants  likely  to  be 
useful  in  the  colonies  for  sheep-feeding  and  other 
purposes.     The  herbarium  is  in  good  condition. 

■■  On  the  Tubercular  Swellings  on  the 

Roots  of  Vicia  FABA."— An  abstract  of  Professor 
Marsu-ill  Ward's  paper,  already  referred  to,  is 
given  in  yature,  from  which  we  extract  the  following 
particulars ; — 

"  The  curious  tubercle-like  swellings  on  the  roots 
of  Vicia  and  other  Leguminosic,  have  long  been  a 


July  9,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEBS'    CHFONICLE. 


51 


puzzle  to  botanists  and  agriculturists.  They  have 
even  been  described  as  normal  structures  by  some 
observers.  The  general  opinion,  however,  has  been 
that  they  are  not  so.  Erikssex  and  WonoNix  at  one 
time  thought  they  contained  bacteria ;  Kixo  and 
others  ascribed  them  to  a  myxomycete ;  }*'rank 
and  others  had  also  observed  certain  extremely 
minute  hyphx  in  their  tissues  ;  but  no  one  had  been 
able  to  discover  the  connection  between  the  tubercles 
and  a  fungus.  By  special  methods  of  culture  and 
observations  extending  over  some  time.  Professor 
M.\RSHALL  Ward  has  discovered  that  the  tubercles 
of  Vicia  Faba  contain  a  fungus  of  a  very  definite 
kind,  and  he  exhibited  preparations,  showing  the 
structure  of  the  tubercles  and  fungus,  and  tlie 
entrance  of  the  infecting  hypha  into  the  root-hairs 
of  the  plant;  this  infecting  hypha  passes  down  tin- 
root-hair  and  across  the  cortex,  and  then  breaks  uj} 
into  finer  hypluv,  from  the  ends  of  which  are 
budded  extremely  minute  germ-like  bodies,  whicli 
Woronix  mistook  for  bacteria.  They  are  not 
Bacteria,  howeve]-,  but  present  more  resemblance  to 
the  buds  discovered  by  Brefeld  in  the  Ustilaginea;. 
Tlie  autlior  has  succeeded  in  artificially  infecting  the 
roots  of  Beans  with  the  fungus,  and  finds  tliat 
the  minute  infecting  spores  are  to  be  met  with  in  all 
kinds  of  soil,  so  that  it  is  a  matter  of  some  difficulty 
to  obtain  roots  which  are  not  attacked  by  the  fungus. 
Tliis  can  be  done  by  burning  the  soil,  and  by  means 
of  pure  water  cultures.  The  affinities  of  the  tungus 
are  with  the  Ustilaginea;.  and  the  case  is  a,  very  re- 
markable instance  of  symbiosis." 

In  some  cases,  as  observed  by  Mr.  "Worthixgtox 
Smith,  similar  swellings  may  be  the  result  of  the 
attacks  of  nematoid  worms,  as  in  the  too  familiar 
Cucumber  disease. 

Botanical  Specimens.— We  have  previously 

called  attention  to  the  useful  prep.arations  made  by 
Mr.  BuvsMANN,  of  Middelburg,  Holland,  for  bota- 
nical purposes.  His  object  is  specially  to  provide 
specimens  showing  the  particular  characteristics 
which  distinguish  allied  species  one  from  another,  or 
which  render  the  plant  useful  in  medicine  or  the 
arts.  In  addition,  Mr,  Buvsmann  supplies  living 
plants  and  seeds  of  "  all  the  plants  of  the  whole 
world,"  and  collectors  of  special  genera  or  of  repre- 
sentative plants  of  dift'ereut  countries  may  apply  to 
liim  to  have  their  wants  supplied.  Mr.  BcvssLiXx's 
specimens  are  calculated  to  render  great  service  to 
botanical  students. 

English   Grass   Seeds    in    France.  ^  The 

Societe  des  Agriculteurs  de  France,  whicli  sent  a 
Commission  to  the  Poitiers  show  to  adjudge  a  num- 
ber of  special  prizes  which  it  had  voted,  has  awarded 
a  Gold  Medal  and  a  money  prize  of  £40  to  JI. 
Malapert  for  the  excellence  of  his  stud  farm 
pasturages.  In  their  report  the  Commission  state 
that  70  acres  of  new  grass  land  have  been  laid  down, 
and  that  they  now  look  so  well  that  it  would  be  im- 
possible to  tell  the  old  from  the  new.  The  seeds 
used  came  from  the  English  firm  of  jAitES  Cartes  & 
Co.,  in  High  Holborn.  Two  interesting  and  im- 
portant facts  are  associated  with  this  subject,  the 
fii'st  as  showing  that  our  French  neighbours  are  not 
slow  to  take  advantage  of  the  improvement  in  the 
quality  of  permanent  grass  seeds,  as  well  as  the 
improved  system  of  adapting  the  grass  seeds  to  the 
soil,  The  second  feature  being  the  fact,  that  the 
above  award  is  valuable  as  a  recognition  of  the 
superior  quality  of  pastitres  foi'med  with  grass  and 
Clover  seeds. 

Exhibition  of  the  National  Rose  So- 
ciety AT  Edinburgh.— The  arrangements  for 
the  Exhibition  of  the  National  Rose  Society, 
to  be  held  at  Edinburgh  in  connection  with  the 
Summer  Show  of  the  Koyal  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society,  are  now  in  a  forward  state,  and  from  the 
numerous  entries  made  from  all  parts  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  the  exhibition  promises  to  be  most  suc- 
cessful. The  Waverley  Market  Hall  will  be  crowded 
with  such  a  brilliant  display  of  the  "  Queen  of 
Flowers  "  as  has  never  before  been  seen  north  of  the 
Tweed,  and  the  numerous  other  exhibits,  for  which 
room  must  be  found,  will  tax  its  capacious  area  to 
its  utmost  limits.    The   splendid  display,  and  the 


keen  competition  for  the  valuable  prizes  offered,  are 
sure  to  attract  hosts  of  visitors,  and  especially 
rosarians,  from  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  warm 
weather  experienced  in  Scotland  last  month,  and  the 
copious  showers  of  this  week,  have  given  Scott  isli 
Rose  growers  a  better  chance  thin  usual  to  competi' 
with  their  neighbours  from  mora  favoured  climes,  so 
that  the  competition  jiromises  to  be  more  than 
ordinarily  close  and  interesting. 

Flowers  in  Season.— Linum  salsoides  forms 

little  Erica-like  tufts  a  few  inches  high,  and  at  this 
season  sends  forth  its  delicate  wiry  flowering  stems, 
about  6  inches  high,  bearing  in  great  profusion  large 
bell-shaped  or  funnel-shaped  pure  white  blossoms 
with  dark  centres  or  eyes,  A  few  plants  of  this 
beautiful  and  rare  alpine  Flax  are  flowering  most 
profusely  at  the  York  Nurseries,  where  Messrs.  Back- 
KocsF.  hope  to  harvest  a  crop  of  seed. 

New  Public  Park,    Bilston.— Mr.  William 

Hall,  of  Bilston,  has  generously  presented  the  town 
witli  22  acres  of  ground,  within  ten  minutes'  walk  of 
the  Bilston  Town  Hall,  as  a  Jubilee  gift  for  a  public 
park.  It  was  decided  to  offer  two  prizes  of  20  and 
10  guineas  for  the  design  for  laying  out  the  same, 
which,  owing  to  the  nature  of  the  ground,  was  a 
task  of  unusual  difficulty.  The  1st  prize  has  been 
awarded  to  Messrs.  W.  Barron  &  Sox,  of  Elvaston 
Nurseries,  Borrowash,  Derby ;  and  the  2nd  to  ilr.  W. 
MiLXER,  Crystal  Palace  School  of  Landscape  Gar- 
dening, Sydenham. 

Opening  of  the  Brunswick    Park,  Wed. 

NESBURY. — This  park,  which  has  just  been  com- 
pleted at  a  cost  of  about  £6000,  from  the  designs  of 
Messrs.  Willlim  Bahrox  &  Son,  Elvaston  Nurseries, 
Borrowash,  Derby,  has  just  been  formally  opened  by 
the  Mayor  of  Wednesbury  (Alderman  Williams;. 
Messrs.  Baerox  were  assisted  in  their  design  for 
the  lodge  by  Mr.  W.  H.  R-U)F0rd,  of  Nottingliam. 
The  park  is  about  25  acres  in  extent,  and  is  finely 
undulated,  a  commanding  mound,  50  feet  in  height, 
which  was  formerly  a  most  unsightly  pit-hill,  has  been 
very  eff'ectively  treated.  Two  lakes  have  been  con- 
structed, and  a  cricket-ground,  tennis-lawns,  bowling- 
greens,  band-stands,  shelters,  &c.,  provided. 

Bisulphide  of  Carbon.— It  is  well  known  that 

this  substance  has  proved  among  the  most  eflScient 
means  of  combating  the  Phylloxera.  JI.  Remillv, 
of  Versailles,  now  uses  it  as  a  remedy  for  May-bugs 
and  mole-crickets,  as  well  as  for  root  fungi.  The  drug 
is  used  in  the  form  of  capsules,  which  contain  each  from 
5  to  2a  grammes  of  sulphide  of  carbon.  The  gradual 
dissolution  in  the  soil  of  the  gelatine  capsules  permits 
of  the  slow  escape  of  the  vapour,  and  the  destruction 
of  the  insect  without  injury  to  the  root— so  it  is  said. 
We  should  like  to  see  the  capsules  tried  in  the  case 
of  Cucumbers  aft'ected  with  the  root  disease. 

Rose  of  Jericho.— The  dried  and  shrivelled 
plant  of  Anastatica,  which  on  being  placed  in  water 
swells  and  resumes  its  original  form,  is  known  to 
most  people.  Jlicroscopical  investigation  affords 
little  explanation  of  this  peculiarity,  but  if  a  slice 
prepared  for  the  microscope  be  treated  with  chlor- 
iodide  of  zinc  or  iodine  and  sulphuric  acid,  one  side 
of  the  cells  (the  external)  remains  uncoloured,  while 
the  inner  side  becomes  blue.  This  latter,  then,  is 
pure  cellulose,  while  the  outer  side  is  lignified. 
Hence,  says  M.  Leclekc  do  Sablon,  while  the  pm-e 
cellulose  absorbs  much  water,  the  other  woody  por- 
tion absorbs  comparatively  little,  and  thus  a  diSer- 
ence  in  the  form  of  the  cells,  owing  to  an  unequal 
amount  of  swelling,  takes  place.  Of  course  the  efiect 
is  purely  mechanical ;  the  plant  does  not  come  to 
life  again,  except  in  the  imagination  of  popular 
lecturers. 

The  Darwin  IVIedal.— At  the  annual  meeting 
of  tlie  Midland  Union  of  Natural  History  Societies, 
held  on  Wednesday,  July  6,  at  Malvern,  the  Darwin 
Medal,  which  is  this  year  set  apart  for  Archxology, 
was  awarded  to  Mr.  Edwaed  W.  Babseb,  M,A.,  of 


King  Edward's  High  School,  Birmingham,  for  his 
paper  on  "  The  Monumental  Brasses  of  Warwick- 
shire." The  adjudicators  were  the  Very  Rev.  J.  J.  ^ 
Stewart  Peeowne,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough ; 
M,  H.  Bloxham,  Esq. ;  John  Amphlett,  Esq. ; 
W.  II.  ncir.xAN,  Esq. ;  and  J.  A.  Cossixs,  Esq,  The 
adjudicators'  report  speaks  in  higli  terms  of  the 
value  and  interest  of  the  paper,  and  comments  upon 
the  care  and  ability  evidenced  in  its  preparation. 
The  Darwin  Medal  was  founded  in  1880  by  the  Mid- 
land Union  of  Natural  History  and  other  scientific 
societies  for  the  purpose  of  encouraging  original 
research  by  members  of  the  societies  forming  the 
Union.  The  scheme  was  submitted  to  Mr.  Charles 
Darwix,  and  received  his  cordi.al  approval.  With  his 
permission  the  prize  was  named  after  him.  The 
subjects  for  which  the  Medal  is  awarded  are  geology, 
archajology,  zoology,  and  botany.  It  has  been  pre- 
viously gained  four  times— in  1881,  by  Mr.  Edward 
Wilson,  F.G.S.,  for  geological  research  ;  in  1882, 
by  Professor  A.  M.  M.arshall,  D.Sc.  (of  Owen's 
College),  and  Mr.  W.  P.  Marshall,  il.I.C.E.,  for 
their  investigations  into  the  life-history  of  the 
••  Pennatulida ;  "  in  1884,  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Grove,  B.A.. 
for  a  monogiaph  on  the  "  Pilobolidie,"  and  other 
botanical  papers ;  and  in  1885,  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Har- 
rison, F.G.S.,  for  geological  research.  It  was  not 
awarded  in  ISS.'i  or  in  1886.  The  Jledal  is  a  hand- 
some one,  the  dies  for  which  were  engraved  by  Mr. 
Joseph  JIoore,  of  Birmingham.  On  the  obverse  is 
a  finely  executed  bas-relief  bust  of  Charles  Dar- 
win, and  on  the  other  a  branch  of  coral,  commemo- 
rative of  an  important  research  made  by  the  great 
naturalist.  This  is  the  first  time  the  Jledal  has 
been  awarded  to  an  archaeologist. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.  at  the  New- 
castle Exhibition.— The  exhibits  of  grasses,  living 
and  dried  ;  of  seeds,  both  agricultural  and  garden,  and 
of  such  roots  of  the  previous  year  as  can  be  kept  to 
the  present  time,  occupy  an  important  place  in  the 
above  Exhibition.  English  grown  Tobacco,  the  cul- 
tivation of  which,  as  is  well  known,  Messi-s.  Carter 
&  Co.  have  done  so  much  to  foster,  is  likewise  shown 
in  quantity,  comprising  the  best  varieties. 

Publications  RecEWED.— Awards  of  the  Floral 
and  Fruit  Committees,  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
from  February  12,  1884.  to  Hay  24,  1887  (London  : 
The  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  South  Kensington). 
— All  About  Indiarubber  and  Gutta-xxrcha,  2nd 
edition  (Colombo,  Ceylon  :  A.  M.  &  J.  Fergdson, 
Ceylon  Observer  Office ;  London :  John  Haddon  & 
Co.,  Bouverie  Street). — Annual  Report  on  the  Botani- 
cal and  Afforestation  Department,  Homy  Kong.  By 
Ch.  Ford,  F.L.S.  (Hong  Kong :  Noronha  &  Co., 
Government  Printers).  —  Ceylon  Botanic  Garden 
Administration  Reports,  lS8(i  (Part  IV.,  Miscellaneous). 
By  Dr.  II.  Teimsn  (Ceylon  Botanic  Garden).  — fttr 
I'ublic  Expenditure:  Speech  by  Lord  Randolph 
Chuechill,  M.P.  (London  :  G.  RonTLEDOE  &  Sons, 
Ludgate  Hill).  —  On  the  Physiology  of  Plants,  by 
Sachs  ;  and  Comparative  Morphology  and  Biology  of 
the  Fungi  Myceto:oa  and  Bacteria,  by  De  Bajiv. 
(Oxford  :  Clarendon  Press).— Jfy  Microscope,  by  A 
Quekett  Club  JIan.  (London :  Ropeb  &  Dbowlet, 
29,  Ludgate  Hill,  E.C.) 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


Vineries. — The  work  to  be  done  from  this  date 
until  the  Grapes  are  cut  will  be  chiefly  of  a  routine 
character.  The  Vines  will  require  being  looked  over 
once  or  twice  a  week,  and  the  lateral  and  sublateral 
shoots  pinched  back,  except  in  the  case  of  Madresfield 
Court,  which  should  be  allowed  to  make  lateral 
growth  unchecked,  as  by  so  doing,  and  with  a  free 
circulation  of  buoyant  air  when  the  Grapes  com- 
mence colouring,  the  berries  of  this  fine  Grape  will 
be  prevented  from  cracking.  Copious  supplies  of 
liquid  manure  should  be  given  every  ten  days  to  all 
kinds  of  Vines  swelling  their  crops,  and  the  interior 
of  the  vineries  kept  damp  by  the  use  of  the  syringe  and 
tepid  water.     Close  abont  4  p.m.,  allowing  the  tem- 


THE     G'AnnEXEJiS'     CHBONICLE. 


[.Tli.y  0,  1887. 


perature  to  run  up  to  90°,  with  abundant  moisture  in 
the  air  of  the  house. 

Later  Houses.  —  A  less  moist  atmosphere  witli 
freer  ventilation  should  rule  in  houses  as  soon 
as  the  berries  begin  to  colour,  persevering  in 
and  increasing  these  conditions  until  the  Grapes 
are  cut.  Water,  however,  should  be  distributed 
over  the  surface  of  the  border  and  pathways 
two  or  three  times  a  day  during  briglit  sunny 
weather,  so  as  to  ]>reserve  the  leaves  as  well  as  the 
Grapes  in  a  healtliy  condition.  The  bunches  of 
late  Grapes  should  be  examined,  removing  any 
small  stoneless  berries.  "Where  large  bunches  of 
Gros  Guillaume,  Trebbiano,  and  other  varieties  of 
Grapes  carrying  bunches,  are  tied  out  to  develope, 
they  should  be  looked  over  once  or  twice  a  week 
while  growing,  and,  if  necessary,  have  additional  ties 
put  to  them,  so  that  the  weight  of  the  shoulders  may 
be  duly  distributed ;  for  in  the  event  of  any  of  the 
horizontal  points  of  the  bunches  so  tied,  inclining 
ever  so  little  to  the  perpendicular  from  the  point  of 
support,  loss  of  those  parts  of  the  bunch  would 
probably  ensue,  in  consequence  of  injury  to  the  stalk 
at  the  point  of  contact  with  the  tie. 

Earlj/  Vines  which  have  been  cleared  of  their  crops 
should  be  copiously  syringed  overhead  in  the  morning 
and  late  in  the  afternoon  of  bright  days,  so  as  to 
dislodge  any  red-spider  that  may  be  on  the  leaves, 
as  well  as  to  maintain  the  latter  in  a  fresh  state  as 
long  as  possible ;  they  should  have  abundance  of 
fresh  air  admitted  to  them  day  and  night,  in  order  to 
prevent  the  Vines  from  starting  into  growth,  and  be 
kept  well  supplied  with  clear  water  at  tlie  roots. 
H.  IK  Ward,  Longford  Caf/lr. 


Forestry. 


OPERATIONS      BENEFICIAL     TO 

PLANTATIONS. 

Many,  indeed  t!ie  majority  of  persons,  are  under 
the  impression  that  woodland  work  during  the 
summer  months  is  quite  at  a  standstill,  but  that  is  a 
mistake,  for  what  with  barking  and  pi-uuing,  de- 
scribed in  our  notes  during  Slav  and  .June,  and 
which  are  appropriate  only  to  the  summer,  the  work 
of  the  woodman  may  well  be  considered  as  arduous 
indeed.  Not  only  must  barking  and  pruning  be 
attended  to  in  due  season,  but  there  are  a  score  of 
other  necessary  opei-ations  staring  the  forester  in  the 
face  which,  if  not  attended  to  at  the  proper  time, 
cause  loss  and  the  relegation  of  sucli  work  to  the 
next  year. 

Amongst  the  woodland  operations  of  the  present 
month  may  be  mentioned  the  cutting  over  of  all 
unnecessary  saplings,  the  scouring  and  cleaning  of 
drains  and  ditches ;  preventing  or  lessening  the 
ravages  committed  by  insect  pests ;  and  the  cutting 
over  of  rough  growing  grasses  or  other  vegetation 
that  may  be  likely  to  interfere  with  the  growth  of 
young  trees.  But  this  is  not  all,  for  another  and 
important  summer  operation,  and  one  that  is  often 
left  till  later  in  the  season,  is  the  marking  of  trees 
to  be  felled  at  the  proper  season.  This  kind  of  work 
can  be  far  better  done  now  when  the  foliage  is  at 
its  thickest  than  at  any  otiier  time. 

Cutting  of  Saplings. — For  various  reasons  this  work 
can  be  more  advantageously  performed  at  the  present 
than  any  other  season  of  tlie  year.  It  consists  mainlv 
in  cutting  over,  close  to  the  ground,  all  weak  and 
straggling  shoots  whether  tliese  are  chance  seedlings 
or  suckers  from  standing  timber,  or  old  stools,  and 
which,  if  left  would  dejirive  their  neighbours  of  light 
and  nourishment. 

In  all  cases  it  may  not,  however,  be  necessary  to 
cut  over  such  undergrowtli  too  close  to  tlie  ground  ; 
for  where,  as  is  usually  the  case,  game-keeping  and 
forestry  go  hand  in  hand,  then  by  all  means  cut  over 
the  saplings  at  such  a  height  and  in  sucli  a  way  that 
the  thickest  possible  covert  may  be  insured  in  future 
years.  From  this  it  must  not,  however,  be  inferred 
that  saplings  of  the  Sycamore,  Ash,  and  Elm  will, 
particularly  in  a  young  state,  artbrd  much  shelter  to 
game  however  they  may  be  cut  over,  this  remark 
referring  more  directly  to  older  stools  of  the  Hazel, 
Elder,  Lime,  and  such-like  trees  which  when  deprived 
of  their  leading  shoots  usually  send  out  numbers  of  side 
branches,  and  so  form  a  dense  mass  of  low  underwood. 
Always  make  a  clean  cut  in  heading  down  saplings, 
as  by  so  doing  the  health  of  the  stock  operated  npon 
is  not  injured  to  any  great  extent,  and  young  shoots 
are  thrown  out  with  more  freedom  than  if  a  ragged 
wound  be  made. 


Scouring  of  Drains. — This  is  an  operation  that  is 
too  often  neglected,  few  persons  seeming  to  take  into 
consideration  what  an  amount  of  mischief  is  caused 
by  neglecting  an  annual  cleaning  of  all  woodland 
drains  and  ditches.  A  few  of  these  evils  will  now  be 
pointed  out.  By  allowing  woodland  debris  generally, 
accumulations  of  leaves,  branches  and  weeds  to  take 
possession  of  water  channels  the  passage  of  the  water 
is  obstructed,  and  Hooding  of  the  adjacent  ground 
sometimes  takes  place,  this  in  its  turn  causing 
a  low  temperature  and  the  souring  of  the  soil,  to 
be  followed  by  the  death  of  many  kinds  of  trees. 
Again,  where  the  mouths  of  closed  drains  are  not 
looked  to  frequently,  and  accumulations  of  leaves 
and  twigs  removed  from  the  gratings,  it  too  often 
happens  that,  during  heavy  rains  the  force  of  water 
presses  so  heavily  on  the  collected  debris,  that  some 
of  it  is  carried  into  the  built  drain,  where  it  lodges, 
causing  both  loss  of  money  and  time  in  setting 
matters  right,  all  of  which  might  have  been  avoided 
by  timely  attention.  All  Bramble.-,  Ferns,  and 
rough  grasses  should  first  be  cut  and  cleared  from 
the  margins  of  the  ditches,  after  which  the  operator 
starts  at  the  mouth  or  outlet  of  the  drain  and  works 
up  stream,  removing  all  accumulations  of  rubbish  as 
he  proceeds,  and  throwing  it  well  back  from  the 
ditch.  The  bottom  and  sides  of  the  drains  should  be 
left  level,  any  inequalities  preventing  the  free  flow  of 
water.  In  addition  to  his  shovel,  spade,  and  hook, 
the  drainer  should  be  supplied  with  a  light  drag 
to  use  in  removing  heavy  accumulations.  He 
should  likewise  be  provided  with  a  piece  of  plank 
about  3  feet  in  length  on  which  to  stand  at  the 
bottom  of  the  drain  whilst  throwing  out  the  mud 
and  rotten  leaves,  thus  preventing  the  deep  impres- 
.sions  left  by  footmarks  on  the  soft  bottom  of  the 
drain.  All  cleanings  from  woodland  ditches  should 
be  spread  thinly  and  evenly  over  the  surrounding 
ground,  where  it  will  act  as  a  manure.  AVhere  iron 
gratings  are  not  used  at  the  mouths  of  closed  drains 
a  few  stout  stakes  driven  in  a  line  across  stream,  and 
at  say  2  inches  apart,  will  serve  the  same  purpose 
A.  D.  Webster. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


EUCHARIS  AND  PANCEATR'M. 

In  our  notes  of  March  19  last,  was  described  tlie 
mode  of  potting  we  adopted  with  some  Eucharis  that 
were  unsatisfactory  through  the  bulbs  being  potted  too 
deeply.  The  plants  have  been  kept  in  a  brisk  stove 
temperature,  and  well  up  to  the  glass,  being  slightly 
shaded  and  syringed  daily,  but  sparingly  watered  un- 
til root  progress  was  apparent.  The  improvement  in 
their  condition  is  manifest  by  the  strength,  colour, 
and  plentiful  formation  of  foliage,  as  well  as  the 
quantity  of  surface  roots  seen.  Healthy  plants  that 
have  not  been  repotted  this  season  will  need  copious 
supplies  of  water  while  making  their  growth,  and  will 
be  greatly  assisted  by  periodical  waterings  with 
liquid  manure  :  by  stinting  the  supply  of  water  after 
the  growth  is  completed  the  plants  may  be  caused  to 
blossom  profusely  without  subjecting  them  to  a  lower 
temperature,  as  is  sometimes  practised.  Our  plants 
of  Pancratium  fragrans  and  P.  ovatum  liave  received 
cultural  treatment  similar  to  that  given  to  the 
Eucharis,  and  are  now  pushing  numerous  flower- 
spikes.  These  strong  growing  bulbs  are  also  bene- 
fited by  doses  of  liquid  manure  during  the  summer 
months  ;  and  the  beauty  of  their  blossoms  will  be 
jirolonged  if,  when  they  unfold,  the  plants  are  moved 
to  a  cooler  and  dryer  situation  than  that  of  the  stove. 
Young  plants  of  either  of  these  subjects  that  require 
repotting  should  be  shifted  early  enough  for  their 
roots  to  take  possession  of  the  soil  before  winter, 

Caladiuins. — In  order  to  keep  late  started  plants  in 
good  condition  until  late  in  the  season,  they  must  be 
afforded  timely  shifts  and  frequent  waterings  with 
liquid  manure,  and  be  kept  in  a  light  position,  with 
plenty  of  space  to  develope,  and  be  lightly  shaded. 
C.  minus  erubescens  is  a  valuable  variety  for  decora- 
tive purposes ;  its  dwarf  habit  and  small  foliage — 
crimson  edged  with  green — makes  it  a  charming 
companion  for  C.  argyrites. 

Cgciamtn. — The  plants  that  have  been  kept  in  cool 
pits  since  flowering  last  spring,  and  have  not  suffered 
from  want  of  moisture  will  now  be  moving,  and  the 
tubers  should  be  shaken  out  of  their  pots  and  shifted 
into  pots  one  size  larger  ;  ample  drainage  should  be 
provided,  and  the  compost— sweet  loam  mixed  with  a 
fair  quantity  of  leaf  soil  and  sand— should  be  ])ressed 
tolerably  linn.     Young  plants  that  were  raised  from 


seed  last  snmmer  and  have  been  kept  growing, 
should  also  be  in  a  fit  condition  to  be  moved  into 
their  flowering  pots,  which  may  be  a  inches  in 
diameter.  After  potting  replace  the  plants  near  to 
the  glass  upon  a  bed  of  ashes,  in  a  rather  close,  cool 
frame.  Keep  them  moist  at  the  roots,  shaded,  and 
syringe  overhead,  when  the  lights  are  closed  for 
the  day,  well  moistening  the  ashes  and  sides  of  the 
box  at  the  same  time,  affording  a  more  free  ventila- 
tion after  the  roots  have  taken  well  to  the  fresh  soil. 
Seeds  may  be  sown  any  time  during  the  present  or 
ensuing  month  in  well-drained  pans  filled  with  fine 
moderately  light  soil,  embedding  them  lightly.  The 
pans  may  be  placed  in  a  warm  frame  or  pit,  and  the 
soil  kept  moist  and  shaded.  The  varieties  of  C. 
giganteum,  which  can  now  be  procured  in  fine  form 
and  distinct  colours,  are  more  effective  than  the  ordi- 
nary type.   Thomas  Conmber,  lietiilre.  Mnnmout/is/iire. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


STRAWBERRY   RUNNERS. 

Where  fresh  plantations  are  to  be  planted  in  early 
autumn  the  runners  should  now  be  inserted  into  GO's, 
wliich  should  be  crocked  and  filled  to  within  an  inch 
of  the  rim  with  fine  loam,  and  placed  in  every 
alternate  row  in  the  beds,  so  as  not  to  hinder  the 
gathering  of  the  fruit ;  the  strongest  of  the  runners 
being  layered  one  into  each  pot,  securing  them  by 
peg  or  a  piece  of  stone,  cutting  the  runners  off 
beyond  the  one  selected.  With  attention  in  water- 
ing daily  the  runners  will  soon  form  strong  plants, 
filling  the  pots  with  roots.  As  soon  as  sufficiently 
strong  enough  they  should  be  severed  from  the  old 
plants  and  taken  to  some  open  space,  and  duly 
attended  to  in  watering  till  the  ground  intended  for 
their  occupation  is  ready,  when  tliey  should  be  imme- 
diately planted.  This  is  a  far  more  satisfactory  way 
than  taking  the  runners  in  a  hap-hazard  fashion  from 
the  old  plants  when  required  for  planting  out  without 
any  ]>revious  preparation.  Strawberry  fruits  now 
need  to  be  gathered  daily.  Remove  the  nets  also 
occasionally  to  pull  up  weeds  and  cut  off  useless 
runners.  Heavy  waterings  will  be  required  during 
the  dry  weather  to  lengthen  out  the  supply  of  fruit. 
IJeds  of  late  varieties  will  soon  require  to  have  the 
nets  placed  over  thera.  E.  Ward.  Hctvell  Grunge, 
Bvomsyrovv. 


Trees  and  Shrubs-    - 

OLEARIA  TRAVERSII. 

We  owe  to  the  kindness  of  the  Rev.  T.  Barty  the 
opportunity  of  seeing  a  flowering  specimen  of  this 
shrub  grown  near  Stranraer.  It  is  a  native  of  the 
Chatham  Islands,  where  it  foi-ms  a  low  tree.  The 
branches  and  under-surface  of  the  leaves  are  covered 
with  fine  white  silky  down.  The  leaves  are  leathery, 
oblong-lanceolate,  sharply  pointed,  usually  entire, 
but  in  some  cases  have  a  minutely  serrulate  edge. 
The  flower-heads  are  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long, 
cream-coloured,  very  numerous,  and  borne  on  short 
much  branched  axillary  panicles.  Mr.  Lindsay,  of 
the  Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh,  informs  us 
that  it  is  the  first  time  the  shrub  has  bloomed  in  this 
country.  According  to  Mr.  Travers  it  forms  the 
chief  wood  of  the  country,  where  it  is  called  Ake 
Ake.  The  shrub  was  originally  described  by  Baron 
von  Mueller,  and  aftenvards  by  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker,  in 
the  Handhonic  of  the  Xeui  Zealand  Flora. 

The  Seevice  Tree. 
There  is  a  fine  specimen  of  Pyrus  Sorbus  in  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  Chiswick. 
As  an  ornamental  tree  its  large  green  buds  strongly 
recommend  it  in  winter,  as  do  its  lobed  leaves  at 
the  present  time,  and  in  the  autumn  it  possesses  a 
further  interest  and  beauty  by  its  large  and  numerous 
tlusters  of  rich  brown  fruit. 

A  Fine  AvENfE  of  Limes. 
IVrhapsat  no  place  within  such  easy  distance  of  the 
great  city  is  there  to  be  found  such  a  grand  avenue  of 
Limes  as  that  at  Chiswick,  in  \vhat  is  known  as  the 
Duke's  Avenue — a  public  thoroughfare,  and  the  a))- 
proacli  to  the  Marquis  of  Bute's  residence,  Chiswick 


July  0,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'  \dHRONICLE. 


53 


. ^, 

years  ago  by  Mr.  \V.  Thompson,  lof  Ipswich,  who 
introduces  many  a  choice  plant,  •which  does  not  find 
its  way  into  general  cultivation  as  quickly  as  it  ouglit 
to  do. 

Giant  Poppies. — The  best  and  largest  and  stoutest 
form  of  tliese  is  the  old  blood-red  flower,  first  intro- 
duced forty  years  ago  as  Papaver  bracteatum.  It  is 
comparatively  scarce  in  gardens,  and  often  does  not 
come  true  from  seed,  because  there  are  so  many  dif- 
ferent colours  in  the  same  flower  generally  within 


House — itself  so  rich  and  varied  in  tree  growtli.  The 
avenue  is  about  GOO  yards  in  length,  pleasantly  wind- 
ing, so  that  it  appears  to  be  of  gi'eatei'  length  than  it 
reallv  is.  B. 


STRAY     NOTES    ON     HARDY 

TLAXTS. 

With  some  hesitation  I  send  notes  of  a  few  less 

common  hardy  plants  lately  or  now  in  flower  in  my 


Mr^  -'kO 


Vj^k^^b^        %,Stiji^'3l^  ^    S    AD   ,IAT 


i'lG.    13. — PEACH   CUEL.       (SEE    '■  ASSWEES   TO   COEHESPONDENTS,"  P.   57.) 

,  healthy  portion  ;  B.  distorted  portion  of  a  leaf  :  c,  section  of  healthy  leaf,  magnified  ;  n.  section  of  unhealthy  leaf, 
ivith  fungus  at  E  ;  at  F  is  sliown  the  fimgus  still  more  highly  magnilied. 


garden  in  Cheshire.  1  ofti^n  think  the  contents  of 
my  flower-beds  are  already  fully  recorded,  as  I 
seldom  now  meet  with  anything  new  amongst  hardy 
plants ;  but  when  from  time  to  time  plants  which 
have  been  growing  here  for  several  years  receive 
certificates  as  novelties  [or  as  meritorious  subjects. 
Ed.]  from  the  Eoyal  Horticultural  Floral  Com- 
mittee, I  feel  as  if  I  had  neglected  a  gardener's 
duty  in  not  having  sooner  made  them  known. 
"We  have  an  example  of  this  in  Hemerocallis  Mid- 
dendorfiana,  which  received  a  First-class  Certifi- 
cate lately.     This  plant  was  distributed  about  ten 


reach  of  It,  but  it  is  best  to  increase  it  from  side 
shoots  or  pieces  of  root.  It  should  be  known  that 
the  colour  has  nothing  to  do  with  difference  of 
species.  The  late  E.  Boissier,  who  studied  P. 
orientale  and  P.  bracteatum  in  their  own  homes, 
tells  us  that  the  presence  or  absence  of  bracts  below 
the  fiower  is  the  only  distinction.  Bracts  are  very 
infectious  ;  in  fact,  it  is  many  years  since  I  have  seen 
a  giant  Poppy  without  bracts  in  a  garden.  There 
are  different  colours,  from  light  orange  to  deep  red  ; 
thei-e  are  weak  and  strong  forms,  and  so  on,  but 
with  very  rare  and  isolated  exceptions  they  all  belong 


to     bracteatum.    or     are     more     probably    garden 
mongrels. 

Alpine  Piiih. — Of  these  I  have  several  good  and 
dwarf  early  flowering  forms.  Some  of  them  produce 
no  seed  iit  all,  being  probably  hybrids ;  others  bear 
seed,  and  the  seedlings  depart  from  the  type  of  the 
parent.  Most  gardeners  think  they  know  Dianthus 
alpinus.  D.  neglectus  and  D.  glacialis,  and  yet  the 
plants  sold  by  these  names  vary  under  each  name 
greatly,  the  second  and  third  being  very  difficult  to 
get  true.  The  earliest  and  best  of  all  I  have  seen  is 
sold  by  Messrs.  Backhouse  for  D.  glacialis ;  but  it  is 
really  a  barren  hybrid,  nearer  to  D.  alpinus  than  to 
D.  glacialis,  but  probably  between  the  two.  All 
througli  Jlay  it  is  smothered  with  large  flowers 
having  stalks  about  2  inches  high,  and  is  easy  to 
keep  but  not  easy  to  increase.  The  three  kinds 
named  above  are  the  three  best  of  their  class,  and  if 
not  alwtiys  true  to  the  type  are  often  improvements 
on  it :  any  seeds  ripened  by  them  should  be  sown  as 
soon  as  ripe. 

Androsaces  have  been  unusually  good  this  spring. 
A.  camea,  A.  lactea,  A.  vitaliana,  A.  Laggeri,  A. 
villosa.  both  the  Pyrenean  form  from  Gavarnie,  with 
white  flowers  and  a  pink  eye,  and  the  comparatively 
giant,  shaggy  form  from  the  Himalayas,  which  we 
are  told  is  the  same  species — all  these  have  lived 
out  sheltered  on  rockeries  by  projecting  stones  above 
them,  and  have  flowered  well.  A.  lanuginosa  looks 
healthy,  but  is  only  just  coming  into  flower.  The 
best  of  all  has  been  A.  sarmentosa.  which  seems  to 
have  grown  out  of  its  habit  of  dying  of  damp  in 
winter.  In  one  recess  I  have  a  plant  covering  per- 
haps 2  square  feet  on  which,  for  two  springs  I  have 
had  about  -00  trusses  of  flowers.  This,  too,  is  under 
tlie  ledge  of  a  projecting  stone,  an  invaluable  help 
in  growing  most  of  this  genus.  C.  Wolhij  I)oil,  Eihje 
Hall,  Malpas,  June  21. 

(7b  bt  continued.) 


Home  Correspondence. 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— I  have  110 
wish  to  enter  into  this  maze — for  once  in,  the  getting 
out  is  hopeless — but  I  do  wish  to  call  attention  to  a 
plain  fact  sugfrested  by  the  National  Kose  Society's 
exhibition,  to-day.  This  exhibition  draws  together  a 
larger  number  of  horticulturists  from  various  parts  of 
tiie  kingdom  than  any  other  held  at  South  Kensing- 
ton during  the  year,  and  one  might  have  expected 
that  some  little  courtesy  and  deference  would  have 
been  shown  to  it — but  neither  tlie  President  nor  any 
member  of  the  Council  was  present  to  show  that  they 
cared  one  straw  ior  tlie  Society  (Mr.  Boscawen  in- 
deed was  there,  but  it  was  by  special  request  of  the 
committee  to  act  as  judge  J,  and  some  may  have  come 
in  the  afternoon,  when  their  presence  could  not  in 
any  way  be  considered  of  any  advantage  to  the 
Society.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  National 
Rose  Society  deliberately  cast  in  their  lot  with  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society,  taking  less  advanta- 
geous terms  than  they  were  offered  elsewhere,  be- 
cause it  was  considered  to  be  the  centre  to  which  all 
such  societies  should  converge.  I  fear  this  is  not  an 
isolated  instance  of  that  insouciance  and  semi-aristo- 
cratism  which  have  had  no  small  share  in  bringing 
about  the  present  state  of  things.  Indignans.  [We 
certainly  saw  one  other  member  of  the  Council  pre- 
sent in  the  morning  besides  the  Superintendent  and 
Assistant-Secretary,  but  it  was  a  pity  that  the  occa- 
sion was  not  turned  to  better  account.  Ed.] 

The  work  carried  on  at  Chiswick  has  fi'e- 

quently  been  spoken  of,  and  can  only  be  spoken  of  in 
accents  of  praise.  I  may  be  allowed  to  say  tliat  on  the 
occasion  of  a  recent  visit  all  seemed  to  be  in  perfect 
order.  The  vegetable  trials  are  most  valuable  and 
most  interesting.  Amongst  the  other  novelties  Dean's 
Cauliflower  (Snowball  ?)  attracted  my  special  atten- 
tion. I  never  saw  such  a  picture ;  its  dwarfness,  its 
purity  of  strain  are  admirable.  How  was  it  that  no 
certificate  was  awarded  it?  C.N. 

CODONOPSIS  OVATA. — I  do  not  know  whether 
the  movements  of  Codonopsis  ovata  have  been 
noticed  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  but  they  seem 
to  be  a  singularly  interesting  instance  of  adaptation 
to  insect  fertilisation.  In  the  unopened  flowers  the 
stampns  arp  upright,  closely  surrounding  the  pistil; 


54 


TBE    GAB  DENE  RS'     CHRONICLE. 


ticLT  9,  1887. 


in  the  fuU-bloHii  flower  the  pollen  is  seen  adhering 
to  the  outer  side  of  the  stigma  in  masses,  exactly  as 
if  still  attached  to  the  anther  cases,  but  on  closer 
observation  the  stamens  are  seen  to  have  become 
entirely  detached  from  the  pollen,  and  to  have  fallen 
back  on  the  bell-shaped  corolla.  Xext,  as  the  flower 
grows  older  tiie  three-lobed  stigma  opens,  and  each 
lobe  rolls  back,  entirely  covei'ing  the  pollen,  so  that 
without  pulling  the  flower  to  ])ieces  not  a  trace  of  it 
is  to  be  seen.  At  the  yellow  and  black  base  of  the 
bluish-grey  corolla  there  seems  to  be  a  good  deal  of 
honey,  as  disagreeable  in  taste  as  the  whole  plant'  is 
in  smell.  This  yellow  and  black  colouring  probably 
attracts  insects  at  once  to  the  right  spot  for  honey, 
and  in  reaching  it  tliey  must  easily  disturb  the 
reflexed  stigmatic  lobe  and  carry  the  pollen  of  an 
older  blossom  to  the  stigma  of  a  younger  one.  I 
send  flowers  in  different  stages  of  growth.  We  grow 
it  here  in  very  damp  peat.  C  M.  0.  [Cursory  exa- 
mination of  the  specimens  sent  enables  us  to  confirm 
tile  accuracy  of  this  very  curious  observation.  In 
olden  times  the  deposit  of  so  much  pollen  actually 
on  the  stigma  would  have  been  accepted  as  proof 
positive  of  what  is  now  called  self-fertilisation,  but, 
as  our  correspondent's  observations  show,  the  infe- 
rence would  have  been  an  erroneous  one.  Kd.] 

PHYTEUMA  COMOSUM.— I  enclose  a  photograph 
of  a  bit  of  limestone  rocker,-  in  my  garden,  showing 
tile  best  grown  clump  of  Phyteuma  comosum  in 
flower  which  I  hav^  seen  in  cultivation  ;  indeed,  the 
flower  surpassed  even  in  size,  and  equalled  or  nearly 
equalled  in  colour,  any  I  have  seen  in  the  southern 
Alps.  They  were  planted  at  the  time  the  rookery 
was  constnicted  in  the  only  way  in  which  the  posi- 
tion of  their  natural  growth  can  be  imitated,  that  is. 
with  the  roots  growing  horizontally,  or  only  slightly 
downwards  in  a  narrow  flssure.  The  roots  were  laid 
flat  on  the  top  of  the  stone,  covered  with  old  raoi'tar, 
or  "  lime-rubbish,"  and  another  stone  placed  abovi> 
them,  the  crown  of  the  plant  being  left  at  the  edge. 
as  in  Nature,  so  as  to  seem  growing  in  the  face  of  an 
almost  perpendicular  rock.  The  plants  in  flower 
presented  a  spectacle  of  singular  lieauty.  E.  H.  [The 
photograph  shows  a  beautiful  patch  of  this  curious 
plant  quite  at  home.  We  should  have  gladly  repre- 
sented the  illustration,  but  on  a  smaller  scale  it  is 
almost  exactiv  like  the  page  plate  given  at  p.  81.  .Tulv 
17,  1886.  Ed.] 

CHAM/EROPS  FORTUNEI  FLOWERING.— A  fine 
specimen  of  this  Palm  has  been  in  various  stages  of 
flower  throughout  the  wliole  month  of  June  in  the 
rock  garden  at  Bayfordbury.  It  proves  to  be  a  male 
plant,  and  has  produced  four  strong  flower-stems 
divided  into  several  beautiful  golden  heads  of 
blossom,  and  about  2  feet  in  length.  These  were 
suddenly  pushed  up  from  the  upjier  ])art  of  the  stem 
after  the  cold  weatlier  ceased  in  tlie  end  of  May,  and 
this  apparently  exhaustive  effort  does  not  seem  to 
have  affected  in  any  degree  its  usual  vigour  of  growth, 
which  I  rather  feared  might  have  been  the  case. 
This  tree  was  planted  in  its  present  position  in  188(1. 
and  has  been  slightly  ])rotected  each  year,  chiefly 
with  a  view  of  keejiing  the  leading  shoots  drv 
in  winter,  but  always  open  to  the  air  and  frost 
at  the  sides,  so  that  it  may  be  fairly  considered 
to  be  hardy  in  this  part  of  England,  never- 
theless, it  might  be  desirable  in  some  situations 
to  protect  the  top  by  tying  the  upper  fronds  together 
to  form  a  sort  of  pent  roof,  as  before  mentioned. 
The  flowering  of  this  Palm  has  not  been  unfrequent, 
I  believe,  in  some  of  the  southern  counties,  and  1 
should  be  glad  to  know  what  instances  there  may 
have  been  of  its  doing  so  in  the  vicinitv  of  or  north 
of  London,   li'.  /f.  Baker.     [It  flowers  at  Kew.  Ed.] 

HARDINESS  OF  A  GREENHOUSE  BEGONIA.— Last 
autumn  a  numljer  of  window  plants  in  pots  were 
placed  by  me,  as  no  good  and  dying,  or  dead,  in  an 
exposed  ])lace  in  my  garden.  Amongst  these  a 
Begonia  in  the  style  of  Hex  has  survived  the  late 
long  and  trying  winter,  and  is  now  growing  very 
well,  after  being  also  badly  neglected  during  the  late 
hot  and  dry  weather.  Of  several  plants  of  Euonymus 
Puropa!US  placed  as  no  good  in  company  witli  the 
Uegonia,  one  was  killed  by  the  frost.  W.  G.  S. 

THE  FRUIT  CROPS.— The  variations  of  tempera- 
ture, whicli  at  all  times  mark  our  summer  seasons, 
have  so  far  been  specially  noticeable  this  year.  A 
considerable  spell  of  unusual  heat  for  the  month  of 
June,  which  was  of  a  truly  forcing  character,  being 
followed  by  cold  nights. aiul  even  Midsummer  Day 
itself  was  a  dull  leailen  morning,  with  easterly  wind 
so  cold  that  March  might  ha\e  well  envied  .lii'ne  the 


visitation.  The  heat  told  with  good  eflFect  generally 
in  forcing  the  Wheat  into  bloom,  in  developing 
healthy  growth  in  the  Hops,  in  accelerating  the  lag- 
gard growth  of  Potatos  and  vegetables  generally,  and 
not  least  in  setting  and  swelling  the  hardy  fruit.  But 
the  same  heat  seems  to  have  been  severely  thinning  of 
the  latter  crop,  as  is  now  plainly  evidenced,  for  many 
Apple  trees,  literally  masses  of  bloom,  now  show- 
fruit  sparsely  set.  Others,  and  especially  the  early 
sorts,  are  more  abundantly  fruited,  but  many  trees 
are  barren.  Pears  are  generally  plentiful  without 
being  at  all  dense.  Plums  on  ordinary  prolific  kinds 
abundant  so  far,  but  on  Green  Uages  and  choicer 
sorts  thin.  Cherries  are  pretty  plentiful,  especially 
on  Morellos.  Gooseberries  a  moderate  crop  but 
of  finer  fruit.  Red  Currants  abundant.  Black 
t'urrants  very  thin  indeed.  Kaspberries  full  of 
bloom,  whilst  Strawberries,  promising  a  heavy 
crop,  are  now  wanting  rain,  the  long  spell  of 
heat  having  tested  these  comparatively  shallow 
rooting  ]>Iants  severely.  Watering  may  make 
amends  in  small  gardens,  but  acres  cannot  be  so 
treated,  hence  the  cloudy  skies  with  promise  of  rain 
is  welcome  for  these  fruits.  A  really  good  washing 
rainfall  of  some  twelve  hours  duration  would  just 
now  be  most  advantageous,  for  insects  have  bred 
rapidly  under  the  drying  influences  of  east  winds 
and  parching  sunshine  ;  and  as  drought  is  reaching 
the  roots  of  the  trees  also  a  check  to  the  swelling  of 
tile  fruit  is  feared,  unless  the  moisture  comes  soon  ; 
even  slight  falls  of  rain  in  purifying  the  air,  soften- 
ing the  foliage,  and  cleaning  the  trees  are  most 
valuable.  Just  now  Cherries  and  Plums  are  stoning, 
and  at  such  a  time  soft  rains  are  very  valuable, 
(ienerally  there  seems  to  be  good  promise  of  most 
kinds  of  fruit,  w-ith  the  particular  exception  of  Black 
Currants,  which  have  rarely  been  thinner  than  this 
year.  A  few  weeks  will  tell  the  tale  accurately,  but 
it  seems  absolutely  certain  that  there  will  be  quite 
as  much  fruit  as  can  be  profitably  disposed  of,  and 
more  seems  to  be  of  advantage  to  no  one.  The 
earlier  gatherings  of  Peas,  though  rather  later  than 
usual,  have  been  very  good,  the  pods  filling  well. 
All  later  Peas  look  remarkably  ivell,  and  one 
more  good  rainfall  w-ould  serve  to  establish  them 
thoroughly.  Potatos  came  veiy  late  and  exceedingly 
irregular,  but  have  improved  greatly  during  tin-  p;i>t 
two  weeks,  although  the  later  planted  are  yet  unready 
for  earthing,  so  protracted,  as  a  rule,  has  bc.n  tlie 
growth.  Other  vegetables,  though  late,  are  looking 
very  well,  and  throughout  market  gardens  winter 
plants  are  abundant,  and  waiting  rain  to  enable  them 
to  be  ]>l.'inted  out  in  vast  quantities  for  winter  crops. 
A.  II. 

DOUBLE-FLOWERED  LILIUM  BULBIFERUM.— Last 
year  I  promised  to  let  you  know  how  my  double 
Lilium  bulbiferum  behaved  this  year.  Wei],  it  has 
borne  a  large  umbel  of  single  flowers.  There  is  no 
mistake  about  it.  as  the  bulb  was  carefullv  marked. 
Upon  another  plant,  however,  amongst  a  number  of 
single  fiowers  was  one  semi-double  one  with  two 
pistils.  This,  I  think,  explains  the  double  floiver 
of  last  year.  It  w-as  the  amalgamation  of  two 
flowers,  though,  if  I  recollect,  it  contained  only  one 
pistil.  Janics  Sjioir  Wltall. 

IVY  GROWING  UPON  AND  UNDER  TREES.— In- 
quiries are  frequently  made  concerning  Ivy  under 
both  of  the  above  conditions,  and  first,  as  to  whether 
its  growth  upon  the  tree  itself  is  in  any  way  inju- 
rious. From  my  own  experience  I  should  not  con- 
sider it  to  be  so  when  the  tree  on  which  it  grows  has 
quite  or  nearly  arrived  at  a  mature  age,  and  in 
positions  where  ornament  and  picturesque  effect  is 
an  object ;  old  trees  covered  with  Ivy  have  always  a 
very  beautiful  appearance.  Next,  with  regard  to  the 
fear  of  injurious  results  caused  by  the  Ivy.  It  must 
be  taken  into  consideration  that  Ivy,  unlike  many 
other  climbing  pl.-ints,  only  clings  to  the  surface  of 
the  rough  bark  by  tiny  roots,  which  can  derive  no 
nonrislinieut  from  the  tree,  but  only  from  the  ground 
below,  whereas  the  tree  itself  seeks  its  nutriment 
from  the  same  source,  but  far  beyond  and  below-  any 
jiart  ever  reached  by  the  Ivy  ;  but  in  the  case  of 
many  other  plants  which  take  possession  of  trees 
and  shrubs,  by  turning  round  their  stems  and 
branches,  considerable  injury  must  always  be  ex- 
pected simply  from  strangulation.  \\i  corrobo- 
ration of  the  statement  that  trees  are  not 
necessarily  injured  by  Ivy  even  in  excess,  I  mav 
mention  that  in  the  shrubberies  at  Bayfordbuiy 
there  are  many  Irecs  of  great  age  u|)on  which  Ivy 
has  long  been  sufl'ered  to  grow,  but  all  are  in  pi-rfect 
health,  although  thickly  clothed  to  more  than  half 
their  height  with  a  luxuriant  mantle  of  Ivy.     These 


are  principally  coniferous,  and  one  of  them — a  Silver 
Fir  of  120  feet  in  height,  another  a  fine  Scotch  Pine 
81  feet  in  height,  and  11  feet  6  inches  in  girth  of 
stem  exclusive  of  Ivy.  two  large  stems  of  which  girth 
each  2  feet  6  inches.  This  tree  has  healthy  dark 
green  foliage  rising  25  feet  above,  and  contrasting 
finely  with  the  light  green  mass  of  Ivy  which  clothes 
the  greater  portion  of  the  stem  below  with  a 
diameter  of  foliage  amounting  to  24  feet.  With 
respect  to  the  growth  of  Ivy  on  younger  trees,  or  on 
fine  old  specimens  such  as  our  Cedars  of  Lebanon, 
it  should  be  studiously  avoided,  but  used  as  a  carpet 
lielow-  nothing  can  be  more  desirable  and  beautiful. 
It  grows  spontaneously  under  most  of  the  Cedars 
and  Yew  trees,  and  is  occasionally  mown  to  keep  it 
close,  but  the  greatest  care  is  taken  to  prevent  it 
f'l'oni  creeping  up  any  stems  of  trees  where  it  is  not 
specially  desired,  or  has  already  obtained  an  ancient 
claim  for  protection.   W.  R.  Baker. 

HOYA  IMPERIAUS.— In  your  issue  of  June  25, 
p.  8o8,  you  mention  Hoya  imperialis  flowering  at 
Gunnersbury  as  a  rare  thing.  I  have  had  a  plant  of 
it  in  my  stove-roof  for  the  last  ten  years,  and  it  has 
flowered  freely  every  year  with  only  ordinary  treat- 
ment, and  is  now  showing  well  for  flower.  It  carries 
from  six  to  ten  flowers  on  one  truss,  about  1.^  inch 
in  diameter,  thick  fleshy  red  flowers,  and,  as  in 
other  Hoyas,  flowers  over  and  over  again,  in  the 
same  stalk.  Philip  Cmvhij,  Croyrloii. 


Societies. 


THE    NATIONAL    ROSE 

Tuesday.  Jcly  ."i. — The  meeting  of  the  above  im- 
portant Society  took  place  in  the  conservatory  at 
South  Kensington,  under  the  best  possible  conditions, 
the  weather  being  cool  as  compared  with  the  tropical 
heat  of  the  preceding  days,  and  ample  space  being 
found  in  the  building  and  the  adjoining  con-idors 
for  unimpeded  locomotion.  As  might  be  exjiected, 
the  flowers — which,  by  the  way,  were  almost  as 
numerous  as  in  previous  years — showed  how  inimical 
In  tliem  had  been  the  cold  untoward  spring  weather, 
and  the  drought  which  had  reigned  during  the  month 
of.lune.  The  blooms  were  smaller  than  usual  in  all 
types,  and  the  petals  thinner,  the  H.P.'s  show-ing 
these  shortcomings  more  markedly  than  the  Teas 
and  hybrid  Teas.  One  good  ett'ect  of  the  drought 
and  heat  w-as  observed  on  Hose  Her  Majesty,  which 
had  thereby  become  reduced  to  quite  reasonable 
proportions — a  hint  to  adopt  a  starvation  nyime 
w-itli  this  Kose  in  the  future,  at  least  just  previous  to 
flowering.  Of  all  the  Roses  seen,  we  think  the 
palm  for  all-round  superiority  this  year  must  le 
awarded  to  Ulrich  Brunner.  We  do  not  remember 
ever  having  seen  such  poor  examples  of  Mnn'ihal 
Niel.  The  attendance  was  very  good  during  the 
latter  part  of  the  afternoon. 

Xitrseri/mcii.. — In  the  leading  class  for  seventy-two, 
single  trusses,  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons,  Bedale, 
'i'orks,  carried  oft' the  highest  award  in  a  competition 
of  five.  Their  stand  was  made  up  of  good  clean  and 
bright  blooms,  but  rather  small ;  however,  there  were 
no  poor  ones  shown  in  it— Comtesse  de  Nadaillac, 
Madame  de  Watteville.  Madame  Willermoz,  Souvenir 
d'un  Ami,  and  Sultan  of  Zanzibar,  were  particularlv 
noticeable,  and  other  good  blooms  were  Mons.  E.  Y. 
Teas,  Ulrich  Brunner,  Dr.  Sewell,  Antoine  Ducher, 
Jean  Ducher,  Etienne  Levet.  Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
La  France,  and  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam.  JIi-.  B.  J. 
Cant,  Colchester,  came  in  as  a  close  2nd,  having  a 
neat  lot  of  blooms  —  Madame  Prosper  Imngier, 
General  Jacqueminot,  Her  Majesty,  Ulrich  Brunner, 
Madame  G.  Luizet,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  M.arquise 
de  Castellane,  Madame  Ducher,  and  Harrison  Weir, 
being  well  shown  in  this  lot.  The  3rd  place  was 
occupied  by  Mr.  F.  Cant,  Colchester,  who  made  a 
fixir  show  with  a  good  selection — Etienne  Levet  and 
Madame  de  Watteville  were  the  finest  blooms. 

Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  came  to  the  front  place  for  forty- 
eight  varieties  in  threes,  and  exhibited  a  stand  'in 
which  all  the  blooms  were  good,  the  most  noticeable 
being  Madame  de  Watteville,  Fran(;ois  Michelon, 
Marechal  Niil,  Modamr  Prosper  Langicr,  Dr.  Andry, 
Her  Miijestv.  I  IimIi  nnniner,  Madame  G.  Luizet, 
He  was  follouid  l.v  M,>m^,  Paul  &  Son,  who  included 
good  siimples  of  A.  K.  Willinnis,  IlerMaiesty,  Ulrich 
Brunner,  Marcicha)  Kill,  Fn        ■--■■■      '- 


de  Castellane.  Madaim 
Carriere.  Victor '\''erdiii 
the   on]    ]pri/.e    falling 


Michelon,  Marquise 
Boildeau,  Abel 
e  de  Xadaillac  ; 
Jlr.    C.    Turner,    Roval 


id  f 


,tri.v  0,  18ST 


THE    GASDENEnS'\  (BHlROh^tCLE. 


55 


Nurseries.  Slough,  the  blooms  being  sadly  hurt  by 
the  heat,  but  Caraille  BeruarJin,  Madame  M. 
Verdier.  and  Etienne  Levet  were  well  shown. 

Tlie  best  forty-eight  in  single  trusses  were  from 
Jlessrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  How  House  Nurseries. 
Cambridge,  a  very  briglit  lot  of  blooms,  fully  deserving 
the  award:  Ulrich  Brunuer,  Hippolite  Jamain, 
Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  JIarie  Baumann,  Etienne 
Levet,  Madame  Cusin.  and  Pier  Majesty,  were 
among  the  best  shown,  -nd.  Messrs.  Curtis,  t^and- 
ford  &  Co..  Tor([uay,  who  showed  a  ci'editable  col- 
lection, and  included  good  blooms  of  ^Madame 
Gabriel  Luizet,  Prince  Arthur,  Alfred  Dumesnil, 
Duke  of  Teck,  Duke  of  Wellington,  David  Pradel ; 
yrd  place  was  accorded  to  Messis.  John  Cranston  & 
Co.,  King's  Acre,  Hereford,  for  a  collection  of  some 
large  blooms — iladarae  Marie  Rady,  Reynolds  Hole, 
Mens.  Allred  Dumesnil.  A.  K.  Williams,  and  Her 
Majesty,  were  good  specimens. 

^Ir.  H.  Merryweather.  Southwell,  contributed  the 
best  twenty-four  distinct  single  trusses,  having  some 
capital  blooms,  one,  Ulrich  Brunner,  receiving  the 
Silver  Medal  as  the  best  H.P.  Rose  in  the  nurserymen's 
classes ;  other  good  blooms  were  Pride  of  Reigate, 
Madame  Prosper  Langier.  Ni]>hetos,  Countess  of  Rose- 
bery,  Madame  G.  Luizet,  Charles  Lefebvre,  La  France, 
JIdlle.  Marie  Kady — a  first-rate  lot ;  2nd,  J.  Mattock, 
Xew  Headington  Nursery,  Oxford,  who  also  showed 
well — Ulrich  Brunner,  Dr.  Hogg,  Ciueen  of  Queens. 
Duke  of  Wellington,  and  Magna  Charta  being 
his  finest  examples.  Messrs.  J.  Jeffries  had  the 
best  twenty-four  in  threes,  leading  well  with 
good  blooms  of  Niphetos,  Etienne  Levet,  Madame 
Marie  Verdier,  L'lrich  Brunner,  Merveille  de  Lyon, 
Madame  G.  Luizet,  Rosieriste  Jacobs,  Cannes,  La 
Coquette,  and  Mr.s.  Charles  Wood  ;  a  good  2nd  to 
him  was  made  by  Messrs.  Cranston  &  Co..  King's 
Acre  Nurseries,  Hereford,  with  a  good  lot ;  blooms 
of  Marquise  de  Castellane,  Alphonse  Soupert. 
Baroness  Rothschild,  "Victor  Verdier,  Mdlle  Jlarie 
Rady.  Countess  of  O.xford,  and  Annie  Laxton  being 
of  particular  merit.  3rd,  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons. 
Bath,  sliowing  good  blooms  but  rather  small. 

Tea   and  Noisette,   Niikseeyjiex. 

In  the  Tea  and  Noisette  division  there  was  a  large 
display  of  blooms,  and  in  many  cases  the  exhibits 
were  of  first-rate  quality.  In  the  largest  class — that 
for  twenty-four  Tea  or  Noisette  blooms,  single 
trusses — there  was  a  capital  show.  Mr.  G.  Prince, 
Market  Street,  Oxford,  and  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  both 
showing  very  w'ell,  and  receiving  equal  1st.  Mr. 
Prince's  blooms  of  Comtesse  de  Xadaillac,  Innocent  a 
Pirola  (large),  and  Princess  of  Wales,  were  vei-y 
fine  ;  and  other  good  ones  were  Anna  Olivier,  Mare- 
chal  Niel.  La  Boule  d'Or.  Jean  Ducher.  Niphetos, 
and  Madame  A.  Jacquier. 

In  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant's  stand  the  most  noteworthy 
samjiles  were  iladame  de  Watteville,  Jules  Finger. 
Marechal  Niel,  Claudin  Levet,  Comtesse  de  Nadail- 
lac,  Catherine  Merraet,  and  Madame  Caroline  Knster. 
No  2nd  was  granted  in  this  class,  and  the  3rd  prize  was 
awarded  to  the  collection  from  Mr.  F.  Cant — 
Niphetos.  Madame  de  W^atteville,  ]\ladame  Cusin. 
and  Grace  Darlmg,  were  his  best. 

The  following  class  was  for  eighteen  Teas  or  Nois- 
ettes, single  trusses,  and  these  were  best  shown  by 
Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co..  Madame  Cusin  being  ver}- 
richly  coloured :  also  noticeable  were  Souvenir  de 
Madame  Pernet,  Madame  de  Watteville,  and  Com- 
tesse de  Nadaillac.  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons  came 
in  a  capital  2nd,  showing  very  creditable  blooms  of 
Catherine  Mermet.  Madame  de  Watteville,  and 
Madame  Cusin.  Then  came  a  class  for  twelve  single 
trusses  of  any  Tea  or  Noisette  (Marechal  Niel  ex- 
cepted), and  here  the  1st  fell  to  Mr,  F.  Cant  for 
very  fine  blooms  of  Souvenir  d'Elise,  large  and  strong, 
and  of  a  good  colour  ;  Mr.  G.  Prince  taking  2nd 
with  splendid  flowers  of  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac.  also 
verj-  heavily  coloured  ;  3rd,  Jlessrs.  Paul  &  Son,  with 
large  clear  Niphetos.  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  showing  good 
Catherine  Mermet.  received  the  4th  prize.  This 
was  a  good  class  and  the  competition,  which 
was  large,  ran  close  throughout.  This  last  ex- 
hibitor took  the  lead  in  the  class  for  eighteen 
Teas  or  Noisettes  in  threes,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami, 
Catherine  Mermet,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Ma- 
dame Cusin,  Devonieusis.  Madame  de  Watteville 
being  meritorious  examples.  A  good  2nd  was  made 
by  Mr.  F.  Cant,  showing  similar  good  blooms ;  3rd, 
Mr.  G.  Prince,  with  a  nice  lot  of  flowers,  and  had  in 
his  boxes  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  a  grand  specimen, 
for  which  he  received  the  Silver  Medal  for  the  best 
Tea  or  Noisette  in  the  nurserymen's  division. 

A>im/ciirs. — A   capital    disiday  was   made    in  tliis 


section  of  the  show,  and  in  tte  leading  class  for 
forty-eight  blooms  the  coUectiOQ  of  W.  J.  Grant. 
Esq.,  Hope  End  Farm,  Ledbury,' Hereford,  received 
the  premier  award,  for  a  fine  lot  of  large  blooms, 
brilliant  in  colour.  Those  best  shown  were  A.  K. 
Williams,  Star  of  Waltham,  Madame  Crapelet, 
Madame  G.  Luizet,  JIadame  Eugene  Vei'dier, 
Marquise  de  Castellaue,  Ulricli  Brunner.  and  Her 
Majesty.  A  close  2nd  was  ia\.de  by  the  Rev.  .1. 
H.  Pemberton  Havering,  Komfi^rd,  who  had  in  his 
stall  a  good  Ulrich  Brunner  (^ to  .which  tlie  Medal  for 
best  H.P.  in  the  amateur's  division  was  giv(n), 
Francois  Michelon,  JIadamoisellfe  E.  Verdier,  Annie 
Laxton,  Henri  Ledechaux.  Beauty  of  Waltham,  and 
Baroness  Rothschild,  were  also  capital  blooms  ;  3rd 
going  to  T.  B.  Hall,  Es(|..  Larcll  Wood,  Rock  Ferry, 
having  brilliant  blooms. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  inthrees,  'W.  J.  Grant, 
Esq..  was  again  to  the  front,  shoeing  as  in  the  previous 
class.  A  good  2nd  was  made  by  T.  W.  Girdlestone, 
Esq.,  Sunningdale.  Bucks,  whose  Ulrick  Brunner. 
Madame  G.  Luizet,  Frant^oisi  Michelon,  Camille 
Bernardin,  Marechal  Niel,  and  Miss  Edith  Gift'ard, 
were  particularly  noticeable.  The  3rd  place  was 
accorded  to  Mr."  S.  P.  Budd,  8,  Gay  Street,  Bath.  E. 
B.  Lindsell,  Esq.,  Bearton,  Hitdiin,  staged  a  capital 
lot  in  the  class  for  thirty-six  Jingles,  and  took  1st, 
receiving  also  the  Silver  "Jledal  for  the  best  Tea  or 
Noisette,  taking  it  with  a  magnificent  fiower  of 
Comtesse  de  Nadaillac.  shown  in  this  lot,  while 
others  of  merit  were  Ulrich  Brunner,  Gabriel  Luizet, 
Marechal  Niel,  Beauty  of  Waltham,  Dr.  Sewell, 
Alphonse  Soupert.  A  fair  2nd  was  Mrs.  Waterlow. 
Great  Doods,  Reigate  (gr..  Mr.  Brown),  who  had 
Ulrich  Brunner  as  her  best.  3rd,'W.  H.Wakeley.  Esq., 
Lacklands,  Rainham,  who  had  a  fair  lot  of  blooms. 
For  twenty-four  singles  Mr.  C.  J.  Day.  Rowton. 
Chester,  received  1st  honours  with  a  neat  lot  of 
strong,  brilliant  flowered  specimens — Louis  van 
Houtte.  Merveille  de  Lyon.  Dr,  Sewell.  and  Marie 
Kady  were  his  finest ;  2nd,  G.  Christy,  Esq.. 
Buckland  Lodge.  Westerham.  with  good  blooms  of 
La  France  and  Mrs.  Baker  ;  3rd,  Mr.  R.  Gray,  gr.  to 
Earl  Stanhope,  Chevening.  Sevenoaks.  who  showed 
nice  blooms  of  Madame  G.  Lnizet  and  Marie  Rady. 
The  best  twelve  in  threes  were  from  W.  H.  Wakely, 
Esq.,  who  had  good  JIadame  G.  Luizet.  Mons. 
Noman,  and  Baroness  Rothschild — a  good  lot  on  the 
whole  :  a  very  close  2nd  was  E.  B.  Lindsell.  Esq., 
showing  fine  Marechal  Niel.  Baroness  Rothschild, 
and  Ulrich  Brunner. 

The  exhibitors  in  the  next  four  competitions  were 
not  permitted  to  compete  in  the  six  previous  classes. 
For  eighteen  distinct,  single  trusses,  the  1st  prize 
fell  to  the  Rev.  L.  Garnett,  Christleton,  Chester,  the 
best  flowers  in  the  box  being  Louis  van  Houtte, 
La  France  (a  flower  not  frequently  observed  in  other 
lots),  Marie  Cointet,  and  Abel  Carriere  ;  2nd,  E. 
Mawley,  Esq.,  Rosebank.  Berkhamstead.with  Countess 
of  Oxford,  Marguerite  de  St.  Amand,  Dupuy  Jamain. 
Ulrich  Brunner,  and  JIadame  G.  Luizet.  Miss  Baker, 
Holmfels,  Reigate,  was  3rd.  some  of  her  blooms  being 
of  excellent  quality,  as  Ulrich  Brunner,  JIadame  G. 
Luizet  and  Helen  Paul.  There  were  nine  lots  shown. 

The  best  for  the  twelve  distinct  single  trusses  was 
Rev.  A.  Cheales,  Brockham  Vicarage,  Surrey,  his 
best  examples  being  C.  Lefebvre,  Captain  Christy, 
Lady  JIary  Fitzwilliam.  Countess  of  Rosebery, 
JIarie  Baumann,  and  Etienne  Levet.  Jlr.  H. 
Wallis,  Brentwood,  followed — Jean  Liabaud.  Jules 
Finger,  JIarie  Cointet,  and  A.  K.  Williams  :  this  was 
one  of  the  freshest  stands.  Jlr.  H.  Shoesmith,  gr., 
Saltwood  Rectory,  Hythe.  took  the  3rd  prize — best 
— Her  JIajestyand  Duchesse  de  Vallombrosa.  There 
were  eight  competitors. 

J.  Bateman,  Esq.,  72.  Twisden  Road.  Highgate 
Road,  was  the  winner  in  the  class  for  nine  distinct 
trusses — U.  Brunner,  Lady  M.  Fitzwilliam,  Camille 
Bernardin.  Francois  Jlichelou,  JIadame  G.  Leizet, 
and  Baroness  Rothschild.  T.  T.  Burnaby  Atkins, 
Esq.,  Ilalstead  Place.  Sevenoaks,  was  the  1st  prize- 
taker  in  tlie  class  for  six  single  trusses — Ulrich 
Brunner,  JIarie  Baumann.  and  Baroness  Rothschild 
being  the  choicest  examples. 

Extra  Classes. — For  six  distinct  single  trusses, 
open  only  to  amateurs  who  have  never  won  a  prize 
at  an  exhibition  of  the  Society,  the  1st  prize  was 
taken  by  0.  G.  Orpen,  Esq.,  Hillside,  Colchester, 
with  small  flowers,  the  Isest  of  which  were  JIadame 
Cusin  and  Princess  of  Wales  ;  W.  D.  Freshfield,  Esq., 
Parkside,  Reigate,  took  the  2nd  prize.  ,T.  Bateman, 
Esq.,  took  the  premier  prize  for  six  distinct  Roses, 
gi'own  within  eight  miles  of  Charing  Cross ;  Ulrich 
Brunner,  Etienne  Levet,  aud  Duchess  of  Vallombrosa 
were  best.  Mr.  Northover,  Haslemere,  Wimbledon, 
was  2nd. 


Six  new  Roses,  distinct,  single  trusses — sorts  for 
the  first  time  in  an  English  nurseryman's  list  in  the 
spring  of  1884. — Jlr.  H.  Shoesmith  took  the  1st  prize, 
with  Her  Majesty,  Benoit  Comte,  fine  in  colour  but 
of  a  small  size  ;  Clara  Cochet,  a  Rose  not  full  enough 
in  the  centre :  Dr.  Dor.  a  small  crimson  flower ; 
and  JIadame  Watteville.  2nd,  J.  Bateman,  Esq. :  in 
his  box  were  Geo.  Dickson,  a  beautiful  bright  rose- 
coloured  flower  ;  JIadame  Willenstein,  a  dark 
crimson  ;  and  Her  JIajesty  being  the  three  best. 

Six  single  trusses  of  any  H.P. — J.  G.  Fowler,  Esq., 
Glebelands,  Woodford,  Essex,  was  1st,  witii  Ulrich 
Brunner ;  2nd.  W.  J.  Grant  with  the  same  kind  ; 
3rd,  T.  B.  Hall,  Esq.,  Larchwood,  Rock  Ferry,  with 
La  France. 

A-MATEUKS. 

Tea  and,  Noisette  diviaioti. — Eighteen  Teas  and 
Noisettes,  distinct,  single  trusses. — 1st,  Rev.  F.  P. 
Roberts,  Scole  Rectory,  Norfolk,  with  flowers  mostly 
of  good  quality,  the  choicest  being  .Souvenir  d'Elise. 
Caroline  Knster,  Innocenta  Pirola,  and  Alba  rosea  ; 
E.  JI.  Bethune,  Esq.,  Denne  Park.  Horsham  (gr., 
Jlr.  H.  Harris),  was  2nd,  with  an  almost  equally  good 
collection — Catherine  Jlerinet,  Hon.  Edith  Giffard, 
Souvenir  de  Paul  N(Sron,  Perle  des  Jardins.  were  the 
finest. 

Twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes,  single  trusses. — 
A.  J.  Waterlow,  Esq.,  Great  Doods,  Reigate, 
was  1st  with  well  assorted  flowers,  the  best 
of  which  were  Belle  Lyonaise,  Jean  Ducher, 
Princess  of  Wales.  Francesca  Ivriiger,  Caroline 
Knster.  Catherine  Mermet,  Souvenir  d'un 
Ami,  Letty  Coles,  a  flne  Rose,  with  deep  rose-pink 
centre  petals;  Innocenta  Pirola,  and  .Souvenir  d'Elise 
Vardon — all  flowers  fresh,  good,  and  of  uniform  size. 
2nd.  G,  Christy.  Esq.,  Buckland  Lodge.  Westerham, 
with  blooms  full,  large,  and  of  fairly  good  substance, 
the  best  being  Souvenir  d'un  Ami.  Alba  rosea, 
Niphetos,  Souvenir  d'Elise  Vardon,  JIarie  van  Houtte ; 
Rev.  A.  Foster  Jlelliar.  Sproughton  Rectory,  Ipswich, 
3rd,  with  blooms  somewhat  over  blo^vu,  the  best 
being  Caroline  Kuster,  Madame  JIargottin,  Madame 
Angele  Jacques,  a  well  formed  flower  of  deep  rose 
colour — a  nice  thing.  There  were  ten  competitors 
in  the  above  class. 

Nine  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct,  single  trusses. — 
The  1st  prize  fell  to  the  Rev.  L.  Garnett,  with  a  nice 
bo.x  containing  good  flowers  of  Madame  Cusin,  Com- 
tesse de  Nadaillac.  JIadame  Willermoz.  and  Souvenir 
d'un  Ami ;  Allred  Slaughter.  Esq..  Jarris  Villa. 
Steyning,  took  the  2nd  honours — Boule  d'Or,  Etoili; 
de  Lyon,  Abbe  Roustan,  a  very  diaphanous  Rose,  the 
colour  very  pale  flesh  ;  Miss  Baker  (gr.  Jlr.  Budgeu), 
was  3rd.  with  flowers  that  were  at  their  best  on  Jlon- 
day.  Princess  Vera  was  noted  as  a  pretty  white 
Rose.  Reine  de  Portugal,  a  pale  bufl^  should  be  at 
its  best  as  a  half-opened  flower,  and  JIarcellan  Roda, 
a  white  Rose  with  good  points. 

Six  Teas  or  Noisettes,  distinct,  single  trusses. — 
1st,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Standish  Hore,  Rose  Hill, 
St.  Asaph,  with  good  blooms  of  Souvenir  d'Elise 
Vardon.  Hon.  E.  Gifliird.  JIadame  Cusin.  and 
Nipiietos.     There  w^ere  eleven  competitors. 

The  next  competition  was  a  larger  one — twelve 
Teas  or  Noisettes,  three  trusses  of  each.  In  this  the 
1st  prize  was  taken  by  T.  B.  Haywood,  Esq.,  Wood- 
hatch  Lodge,  Reigate  (gr.,  Jlr,  Ridout),  the  best 
trusses  being  JI.  Niel.  C.  Jlermet  (one  of  the  best  in 
the  show  of  its  kind).  Hon.  E.  Gift'ard.  JIadame  H. 
Jamain.  aud  Princess  of  Wales  ;  2nd,  Rev.  F.  P. 
Burnside — JIadame  Bravy,  Jules  Finger,  Jlarc^chal 
Niel,  Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  and  JIadame  de  Watte- 
ville were  the  finest.     There  were  six  lots. 

Open   Class. 

A  collection  of  garden  Roses,  all  hybrid  perpetuals 
to  be  excluded,  also  all  Teas  and  Noisettes  men- 
tioned in  the  National  Rose  Society's  list  of  exhi- 
bition Roses :  not  more  than  twenty-four  varieties, 
three  trusses. — In  this  class  there  were  nine  com- 
jietitors.  the  1st  prize  going  to  Julius  Sladden,  Esq.. 
Badsey,  Evesham.  This  was  a  good  representative 
collection,  and  consisted  of  Princess  Royal,  moss: 
Noisette  Narcisse,  w^hite  ;  La  Seduisante,  pale  pink  ; 
Rosea  alba,  Old  Blush,  Crimson  China,  Belle  Mayon- 
naise, York  and  Lancaster,  &c. 

Twelve  bunches  of  Moss  and  Provence  Roses,  not 
less  than  eight  varieties,  and  not  less  than  three 
trusses  to  a  bunch. — Here  Jlessrs.  Paul  &  Son. 
Cheshunt,  were  1st,  with  a  fine  collection  of  about  a 
dozen  varieties  ;  Blanche  Jloreau.  a  very  mossy  white 
Rose,  and  Angelique  Quentin,  pink,  with  very  pale- 
coloured  moss,  being  the  more  distinct  of  them  ; 
2nd,  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  JIaidstone.     In  this 


56 


THE     GARDENEHS'     VlinONICLE. 


[July  0,  1887. 


lot  Little  Gem,  a  showy  crimson ;  Unique  Provence, 
and  Celine,  were  sorts  not  so  frequently  met  with  as 
they  merit. 

Twelve  bunches  of  Roses  suitable  for  buttonholes, 
not  less  than  six  varieties,  nor  less  than  three  trusses 
to  a  bunch. — Mr.  John  Mattock,  New  Headington  Nur- 
sery, Oxford,  took  the  1st  prize  in  this  useful  class 
with  Jean  Pernet,  Devoniensis,  Comtesse  Nadaillac, 
Niphetos,  Madame  Falcot,  Eubens,  W.  A.  liichard- 
son,  Homere,  Marie  van  Houtte,  Ma  Capucin, 
W.  F.  Bennett,  Souvenir  de  Paul  Neron.  2nd, 
Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons,  Bedale.  Yorkshire,  nice 
fresh  buds  of  La  Kosiere.  Madame  Lambard,  Madame 
Willennoz,  &c.  .3rd.  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co. — 
lieine  Marie  Henriette,  a  deep  crimson  bud,  was  a 
noteworthy  sort  in  this  lot.  Eight  lots  were  exhibited. 

New  Roses  since  1884,  distinct,  single  trusses. — 
Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  Torquay,  were  1st, 
showing  Her  Majesty,  General  Appert,  Baroness 
Nathaniel  de  Rothschild,  Laurent  de  Rills,  a  deep 
rose,  good  form  ;  Princess  Amelia  d'(,)rleans,  Victor 
Hugo,  Madame  Norman  Neruda,  Madame  Baulot, 
Comtesse  Frigneuse,  Souvenir  de  Victor  Hugo,  The 
Bride,  Raoul  Guillard,  all  excellent  examples,  not  over- 
blown. Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries, Cheshunt, 
took  2nd  place  with  Ella  Gordon,  Pride  of  Reigate, 
American  Beauty,  Clara  Cocliet,  Marshal  P.  Wilder, 
Mary  Bennett,  Comtesse  Cahen  d'Anvers.  Mr.  B. 
R.  Cant,  Colchester,  took  ord  prize — Souvenir 
d'Alphonse  Lavalle  and  Madame  Massecault. 

Any  new  Rose. — 1st,  Mr.  B.  Cant,  with  Madame 
de  Watteville.  The  flower  has  a  pleasing  tint  of  the 
]>alest  pink  edged  with  a  deeper  shade.  2nd,  Messrs. 
Cooling  &  Sons,  witli  Her  Majesty,  with  capital 
blooms  and  foliage  ;  .'Jrd,  Mr.  H.  Bennett,  Shepper- 
ton,  with  Pedigree  Seedling  Tea  Rose  Printess 
Beatrice,  a  fawn-coloured  neat  and  pretty  flower. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  vellow  Rose. — 1st. 
Mr,  B.  R.  Cant,  with  Mar&hal  Niel. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  white  Rose. — 1st,  Mr. 
B.  R.  Cant,  with  Merveille  de  Lyon. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  crimson  Rose. — 1st, 
Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  C!o.,  Avith  Marie  Rady. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  crimson  velvety 
variety. — 1st,  Messrs.  Cranston  &  Co.,  King's  Acre, 
Hereford,  with  Abel  Carriere. 

Twelve  single  trusses  of  any  Rose. — 1st,  Mr.  H. 
Bennett,  with  Pedigree  Hybrid  Tea  Lady  Mary  Fitz- 
william. 

MisceUaneinif. — 'i'hese  exliibits  were  by  no  means 
numerous,  the  most  attractive  being  tluit  of  Messrs. 
Charles  Lee  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  &c..  which  con- 
sisted of  a  group  of  various  ornamental  leaved  shrubs. 
Oaks,  Planes,  Jlaples,  in  variety,  and  purple-leaved 
Peaches,  Plums,  and  Beech,  with  others — a  very 
pleasing  group  and  in  its  own  way  as  interesting  as 
the  Roses.  Several  good  specimens  of  Orchis  foliosa 
in  flower  came  from  the  Society's  gaiden  at  Chiswick, 
and  from  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  a  Carnation,  Pink  Mal- 
maison,  very  large  blooms  and  delicate  colouring. 


SUNBUBY    AND    SHEPPEBTON 
HOBTICULTUBAL. 

June  30. — In  deliglitful  weatlier  tlie  tourtli  sum- 
mer exliibition  of  this  Society  was  held  in  the 
grounds  of  Sunbury  Court,  the  residence  of  Colonel 
Harfield.  This  pretty  place  is  close  to  the  Thames, 
and  trees  seem  to  feel  the  benefit  of  the  nearness  of 
moisture,  as  all  kinds  thrive  adrairal>ly  ;  this  is  espe- 
cially the  case  with  Conifera;,  of  which  there  are  many 
tine  and  handsome  examples,  Cedrus  atlantica  and 
Deodara  being  particularly  attractive.  The  show 
was  held  in  several  rather  small  tents,  thus  destroy- 
ing effect.  The  lateness  of  the  season  had  evidently 
told  upon  the  cottager's  exhibits,  as  these  made  a  very 
]ioor  display.  Curiously  enougli  the  schedule  con- 
tains not  a  single  special  prize,  whilst  the  classes  are 
almost  entirely  limited  to  two  prizes  only. 

Orchi'h.  —  The  only  collection  of  Orchids  was 
from  Major  Lendy,  Sunbury,  to  whom  the  1st  prize 
naturally  fell,  the  gallant  exhibitor  liaving  a  grand 
piece  of  Cattleya  Mossiaj  witli  forty  expanded 
blooms ;  also  good  Cattleya  gigas  Sanderiana,  Ltelia 
purpurata,  and  Dendrobiums,  densiflorura,  thyrsi- 
florum,and  chrysotoxum.  As  single  flowering  plants 
of  any  kind  the  Major  had  a  beautiful  clump  of  Laslia 
purpurata  for  the  1st  prize,  Mr.  Child,  of  Claygate, 
coming  next  with  a  fair  Anthurium  Scherzerianum. 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plan/s. — Mr.  Reeves,  gr.  to 
W.  Hewett,  Esq.,  Oatlands  Park,  luid  the  best  six 
stove  and  greenliouse  ])lants  in  Dendrobium  nobile, 
Statice  profusa,  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  Erica 
Cavendishii,  scarlet  Azaleas,  &c, ;  Mr.  Reed,  gr.  to 
Mrs.    Fettitt,   Walton,   was     2nd,    h.^ving     sevei'al 


Azaleas  in  good  bloom,  Mr.  Sutton,  gr.  to  J.  S. 
Sassoon,  Esq.,,  Walton,  had  the  best  six  foliage 
plants ;  and  Mr.  Reeves  the  best  six  Ferns,  which 
were  largely  shown — half-a-dozen  Adiantums  from 
Mr.  Taylor,"  Sunbury,  being  very  meritorious.  Mr. 
Reed  was  again  to  the  front  with  four  very  finely 
flowered  pyramid  Fuchsias,  comprising  such  good 
kinds  as  elegans  and  Alfred  Dimsdale,  reds; 
and  Beauty  of  the  West  and  Talma,  whites.  The 
best  six  Coleus,  very  well  grown  pyramids,  came 
from  Mr.  Waite,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Colonel  Talbot, 
Esher,  who  also  liad  the  best  six  double  zonal  Pelar- 
goniums, good  plants  of  Victor  Hugo,  Mrs.  Levers, 
Colonel  Pomerie,  Mr.  G.  Sowagie.  C.  H.  Wagner,  &c. 
Mr.  Child,  Claygite,  had  the  2nd  best,  but  was  a 
good  1st  with  six  capital  pans  of  Achimenes,  deco- 
rative plants  too  seldom  seen  in  good  form.  Mr. 
Bowden,  Sunbury,  was  1st  with  twelve  Gloxinias, 
medium-sized  plants,  some  of  fine  quality ;  Mr. 
Waite  coming  2n(],  with  larger  plants,  but  rather 
shaken  witli  travelling.  The  decorative  groups 
were  very  pleasinn;,  though  far  from  being  novel ; 
the  best  was  arranged  by  Major  Lendy 's  gardener,  Mr. 
West,  a  quantity  of  good  Orchids  in  this  telling 
eifectively.  Mr.  Reeves  and  Mr.Thomas  (gr.to  Colonel 
Harfield)  were  placed  equal  2nd  with  neat,  g.ay  groups. 
Mr.  West  was  wi-U  to  the  front  in  the  classes  for 
single  and  double  Begonias  in  pots,  having  fine  kinds 
in  both  cases  of  Laing's  gi-and  strain.  Messrs. 
Hooper  &  Co.,  Twickenham,  sent  a  beautiful  group  of 
<lecorative  plants  ;  Messrs.  Collins  &  Gabriel,  Hamp- 
ton, a  capital  collection  of  hardy  flowers;  and  Mr. 
Will  Tayler,  Hampton,  a  box  of  good  Roses. 

Cut  Flowers. — In  competitive  cut  flowers  Major 
Lendy  was  the  only  exhibitor  in  the  class  for  twenty- 
four  cut  Orchids,  in  kinds,  showing  a  beautiful  lot, 
Orchids  being  a  pretty  safe  class  here  for  tlie  Major. 

Hoses. — Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  was  the  only  ex- 
hibitor in  the  class  for  forty-eight  cut  Roses, 
although  the  1st  prize  was  £5.  The  flowers 
were  fresh  and  much  admired,  but  in  the  face  of  the 
report  elsewhere,  need  no  further  reference  here. 
The  best  local  Roses  came  from  Mr.  Warwick,  gr. 
to  J.  P.  Hitching,  Esq.,  Hampton,  whose  blooms  are 
always  first-rate.  The  same  exhibitor  was  1st  witli 
twelve  kinds,  and  also  in  the  class  for  six  of  any  one 
kind,  against  good  competition,  he  had  the  best,  in 
!^ome  beautiful  blooms  of  General  Jacqueminot — 
very  good  La  France,  from  Mr.  Butler,  Haliford,  being 
2nd,  this  later  variety,  with  finer  blooms,  taking  the 
1st  place  for  Miss  Richens,  Ottershall,  in  another 
class.  Some  good  collections  of  cut  flowers  were 
sliown,  the  best  being  from  Mr.  Carpenter,  gr.  to  C. 
J.  Abbott.  Esq..  Walton. 

Vegetahles  anrl  Fruits. — Tlie  result  was  here  good 
Ists  in  two  classes  for  twelve  kinds  of  vegetables,  but 
being  shown  in  large  baskets  very  much  detracted  from 
the  good  effect  the  vegetables  otherwise  would  have 
made.  Mr.  Reed,  and  Mr.  Palmer,  gr.  to  W.  F. 
Hume  Dick,  Esq.,  Thames  Ditton,  were  capital  2nds 
ill  these  classes  ;  l\Ir.  Hookings,  gr.  to  Sir  William 
Tliompson,  West  Molesey,  showed  six  good  Midons, 
and  in  the  single  fruit  class  was  1st  with  a  small  but 
delicious  Longleat  Perfection,  Eastuor  Castle  com- 
ing 2nd.  The  best  Strawberries  were  President, 
from  the  Rev.  H.  Vigne.  Sunbury  ;  the  same  kind 
from  Major  Lendy  being  2nd.  A  handsome  dish  of 
The  Captain,  lacked  flavour.  Noblesse  and  Grosse 
Mignonne  were  thi'  best  Peaches.  Mr.  Head  was 
1st  with  white  Grapes,  showing  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria, Mr.  Osraan  having  very  good  Foster's  vSeed- 
ling  for  2nd,  whilst  he  was  an  easy  1st  in  black 
kinds  with  flue  bnnches  of  Hamburgh.  Mr.  Hookings 
and  Mr.  Waite  liad  the  best  Tomatos  in  Sutton's 
Perfection. 


TOBaXJAY   HOBTIOTTLTUEAL. 

Summer  Show.  —  The  Torquay  Horticultural 
Society  held  its  Rose  and  summer  show  on  Wednes- 
day and  Thursday,  June  20  and  30,  on  the  grounds 
of  Apsley  House.  The  exhibits,  which  were  fairly 
large  in  number,  were  placed  iri  two  marquees,  the 
largest  of  which,  100  feet  by  40  feet,  containing  the 
Roses,  was,  of  course,  the  centre  of  attraction. 
There  were  sixty  classes,  and  the  exliibits  were  good, 
considering  the  dry  weather  that  has  been  expe- 
rienced of  late.  The  exhibitors  of  cut  blooms 
appeared  to  be  the  chief  sufferers  on  .account  of  the 
dry  weather;  the  plants, fruit,  and  vegetables  looking 
none  the  worse  for  the  long  drought.  No  prizes 
were  ofi'ered  by  the  Society  for  the  productions  by 
nurserymen ;  the  competitions  were  confined  to 
amateurs  only.  For  Roses  Dr.  S.  P.  Budd,  of  Bath 
(Mr.     Georgf     Campbell,     gr.),     secured     six    1st 


prizes  in  the  six  classes  in  which  he  com- 
peted. Dr.  Budd's  collection  of  forty-eight  dis- 
tinct varieties  made  a  ]iretty  show,  and  in  another 
class  he  exhibited  twelve  exquisite  blooms  of  a 
delicate  pink  Rose  known  as  Monsieur  Mondu. 
For  plants  Miss  Loch,  of  Villa  Como  (Mr.  H. 
Yelland,  gr.),  was  successful  in  taking  no  fewer  than 
ten  1st  and  two  2nd  prizes.  Miss  Loch's  collection 
included  some  beautiful  specimens  of  exotic  Ferns 
and  zonal  Pelargoniums.  Mr.  P.  B.  Drinkwater,  of 
Lyncombe  (Mr.  J.  Hunt,  gr.),  and  Mr.  J.  W. 
Kimber,  Cockington  (Mr.  F.  Feiris,  gr.),  were  also 
very  successful  in  taking  prizes,  more  especially 
in  the  zonale  Pelargonium  classes.  The  last-men- 
tioned gentleman  had  a  very  pretty  exhibition  of 
Gloxinias,  which  were  much  admired.  For  Orchids 
in  bloom  the  honours  were  divided  between  Mr. 
Morton  Sparke  (Mr.  Geo.  Medland,  gr.).  Captain 
Fane-Tucker  (Mr.  Sloraan,  gr.),  and  Mr.  Layers 
(Ml-.  G.  Lee,  gr.).  Mr.  Morton  Sparke  and  Mr. 
Lavers  also  exhibited  some  Orchids  in  their  not-for- 
competition  collections.  The  cut  blooms  commanded 
a  great  deal  of  attention ;  Mr.  Jlorton  Sparke  took 
1st  prize  for  a  pretty  collection  of  twelve  distinct 
varieties,  whilst  Mrs.  Ensor.  of  Exeter,  came  2nd 
with  a  prettily  arranged  truss  containing  a  centre 
of  an  Allamanda,  which  was  surrounded  by  the  more 
sombre-hued  Ericas,  Lap.agerias,  and  Begonias. 

Mr.  W.  B.  Fortescue  succeeded  in  taking  1st  prizes 
for  black  Grapes,  Nectarines,  Peaches,  a  Melon,  and 
a  collection  of  six  kinds;  whilst  Mr.  F.  H.  Plumptre, 
of  Teignbridge  House,  near  Newton  (Mr.  G.  Teed. 
gr.),  was  successful  in  taking  1st  honours  in  Straw- 
berries, Cherries,  Currants  and  Gooseberries.  In 
the  vegetable  classes,  Mr.  H.  B.  Saniuelson,  Chelston 
Cross,  exhibited  some  excellent  specimens,  whilst 
Mr.  J.  Rodford,  Higher  Terrace,  secured  1st  prize  for 
two  Cucumbers. 

Although  the  nurserymen  did  not  compete,  the 
following  exhibited  their  productions:  —  Messrs. 
Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  Devon  Rosery  ;  Messrs.  Horn 
&  Sons,  Plainmoor  Nurseries  ;  Mr.  J.  Mitchell,  Ella- 
combe;  Messrs.  Phillips  &  Co..  Torbay  Nurseries; 
Mr.  W.  B.  Smale,  Central  Horticultural  Dapot ;  and 
Mr.  R.  Veitch,  E.xeter.  Each  nurseryman's  collection 
was  good,  the  majority  of  them  showing  cut  blooms 
and  plants  ;  whilst  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co. 
exhibited  cut  blooms  of  Roses  alone,  in  about  a 
dozen  trusses,  and  amongst  them  were  seen  speci- 
mens of  the  new  Rose  Her  Majesty,  and  the  curious 
green  Rose  in  full  bloom. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

Angk.dcum  CAro.^TCM,  Orchidophik,  March. 

Apple  Redee's  Golden"  Reinette,  Gartenflora, 
t.  1246. 

BouvAEDiA  HTBRiDA,  Hogarth,  Gartenjlora,  May, 
t.  1247. 

CvMDiDiuM  GiGANTEUH,  Orchid  A/hum,  t.  284. 

Hadenaria  MILITARI5,  Orchid  Album,  t.  281. 

LvcASTE  Skinneei  v.\r.  Reginje,  Orchid  Album 
t.  283. 

Vanda  covrulea.  Orchid  Album,  t.  282. 


HYBRID    LYCHNIS. 

"  I  SEND  herewith  specimens  of  a  hybrid  Lychnis 
which  originated  naturally  in  my  garden  here,  two 
years  ago,  and  which  is  obviously  the  result  of  a  cross 
between  L.  coronaria  and  L.  Flos-jovis.  I  also  send 
specimens  of  the  parents  for  comparison.  The  hybrid 
is  very  superior  as  a  decorative  plant  to  either  parent. 
The  habit  resembles  L.  Flos-jovis,  though  the  plant 
is  larger.  The  flowers  are  as  large  as  those  of  L. 
coronaria,  but  are  far  more  brilliant  in  colour,  being 
of  a  lighter  and  more  rosy-purple.  In  fact  it  is  one 
of  the  most  striking  plants  in  a  mixed  border  that  I 
know,  the  colour  being  very  conspicuous,  and  it  is  a 
very  valuable  acquisition  to  the  herbaceous  border, 
and  it  is  a  first-rate  town  plant.  So  far  I  have  not 
been  able  to  obtain  good  seed  from  it  (as  might  have 
been  expected  from  a  Iiybrid),  but  liave  found  no 
difficulty  in  propagating  it  by  division,  Alfred  0. 
Walker." 

This  note  was  accompanied  by  excellent  specimens 
of  the  hybrid  Campion  and  its  parents.  The  moststrik- 
ing  dift'erences  are  in  the  inflorescence,  for  the  shape 
of  the  leaves  and  the  colour  of  the  flowers  are  so  variable 
in  dift'erent  specimens  of  a  Lychnis  coronaria  judging 
from    those    growing    in    our   own    garden,    or  at 


July  9,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CSRONICLE. 


57 


'\f' 


Chiswick,  that  no  great  dependence  can  be  placed 
upon  them.  Speaking  generally,  however,  the  leaves 
of  L.  coronaria  are  broadly  ovate,  while  those  of  L. 
Flos-jovis  are  lanceolate,  while  those  of  the  hybrid 
are  ovate  lanceolate. 

The  inflorescence  of  all  three  plants  is  what  is 
known  as  a  "dichasium,"  that  is,  an  in6orescence 
in  which  the  central  stem  of  the  plant  ends 
in  a  single  flower,  as  in  1,  while  another 
single  flower,  or  it  may  be  a  group  of  flowers, 
is  produced  below  the  original  flower  on 
either  side — 2,  2.  The  terminal  or  central 
flower,  1.  opens  first,  the  lateral  flowers, 
2,  2,  open  subsequently.  With  this,  it  is  hoped 
not  too  technical  description,  the  difference  be- 
tween the  plants  can  be  the  more  readily  under- 
stood. In  L.  coronaria  the  central  flowerstalk  is  4  to 
6  inches  long,  and  is  terminated  by  the  only  flower 
of  the  system  open.  Of  the  two  side  branches, 
2,  2,  one  is  always  longer  and  better  developed  than 
the  other,  thus  showing  an  approach  to  another  form 
of  inflorescence  called  a  "  sympode,"  a  matter  of 
considerable  interest  to  the  botanist. 

In  the  hybrid  the  central  flowerstalk  is  only  about 
2  inches  long,  and  the  two  side  branches,  2,  2,  are 
about  of  equal  length  each  bearing  a  group  of  flowers 
of  which  the  central  one  is  open  and  not  far  behind 
the  primary  flower,  1.  So  that,  as  a  matter  of  fact, 
where  in  L.  coronaria  we  should  have  only  one 
flower  open  at  a  time,  there  are  in  the  hybrid  certainly 
two  equally  developed  at  the  same  time,  and  perhaps 
three.     This  is  of  itself  an  advantage. 

In  L.  Flos-jovis  the  central  flowerstalk,  1 .  is  exceed- 
ingly short,  and  the  two  side  branches,  2. 2,  are  of  equal 
length,  each  bearing  densely  packed  groups  of  flowers, 
arranged  precisely  on  the  same  general  plan,  though 
more  numerous.  Hence  the  inflorescence  of  the 
hybrid  is  quite  intermediate  between  that  of  its 
parents. 

A  few  other  points  may  also  be  mentioned.  The 
rounded  calyx  of  L.  coronaria  is  marked  by  five  very 
prominent  ribs  {and  other  intermediate  lese  con- 
spicuous ones) ;  the  calyx  of  the  hybrid  is  less 
rounded,  but  marked  in  the  same  way,  though  less 
conspicuously  ;  the  cal)^:  of  L.  Flos-jovis  is  cylindri- 
cal, and  marked  with  fifteen  nearly  equal  ribs,  tinted 
brown. 

The  petals  (disregarding  the  colour,  which  is 
variable)  of  L.  coronaria  have  a  narrow  stalk. 
expanding  into  a  roundish  wedge-shaped  blade 
slightly  crenulated  at  the  edge,  and  with  two  small 
triangular  tooth-like  scales  projecting  from  the  face 
of  the  petal  at  the  junction  of  the  blade  and  the  stalk. 

The  petals  of  the  hybrid  are  of  similar  shape,  but 
smaller,  more  deeply  lobed,  and  with  the  scales  more 
slender.  The  petals  of  L.  Flos-jovis  are  smaller, 
still  more  deeply  lobed,  and  the  scales  more  slender. 

In  all  three  the  stamens  are  ten  in  number,  five  of 
the  ten  (in  the  first  instance,  at  least)  longer 
than  the  others,  and  dispersing  their  pollen  before 
the  stigma  of  the  same  flower  is  ripe  (proterandrous). 
"Whether  the  stigma  can  be  fertilised  by  the  pollen 
of  the  five  shorter  and  more  tardily  developed  sta- 
mens, we  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain. 

In  looking  at  the  stamens  one  use  of  the  tooth- 
like scales  on  the  face  of  the  petals  becomes  appa- 
rent. Generally  speaking  these  scales  lie  more  or 
less  parallel  to  the  blade  of  the  petal,  but  when  the 
anthers  are  mature  and  ready  to  discharge  their 
pollen  the  scales  in  question  stand  erect  and  form  a 
palisade  all  round  the  anthers,  which  occupy  the 
throat  of  the  flower  as  in  a  thrum-eyed  Primrose. 
Now,  this  palisade  would  have  a  double  purpose — 
it  would  keep  out  thrips  and  ants  from  robbing  the 
pollen  to  no  purpose,  while  it  would  form  a  channel 
or  tube  down  which  the  proboscis  of  a  useful  butterfly 
might  readily  be  extended  in  the  search  for  honey. 
MuUer  says  the  flowers  of  allied  plants  are  fertilised 
by  butterflies,  and  gives  a  list  of  those  he  has  observed 
frequenting  these  flowers.  As  the  structural  arrange- 
ments he  describes  are  the  same  as  in  the  flowers 
before  us,  there  can  be  little  doubt  they  are  adapted 
to  the  same  class  of  insects.  Miiller,  however,  says 
nothing  about  the  purport  of  the  scales.  In  any 
case  Mr.  Walker's  hybrid  has  the  twofold  interest  of 
a  decorative  plant  and  of  one  whose  structure  and 


mechanism  offer  special  attractions  to  those  inter- 
ested in  the  life-history  of  plants.  Those  who  have 
the  two  species  in  their  gardens  to  refer  to  will  have 
no  diflicuity  in  following  our  statements  ;  those  who 
have  not  may  be  referred  to  t.  24  of  the  Bot.  Mag. 
(L.  coronaria),  and  t.  3'JS  (Flos-jovis).  The  genus 
Agrostemma,  to  which  both  these  plants  were  attri- 
buted, is  now  reduced  to  Lychnis.  No  such  hybrid 
is  described  in  Dr.  Focke's  classical  treatise. 
M,  T.  M. 


The  Weather. 


MEAN  TEMPERATtlRE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
ING THE  WEEK  ENDING  JULY  16.  (AVERAGE 
OF  FORTY-THKEE  YEARS.) 


July  10   ... 

...   es^.a 

July  14 

..    6.3».3 

„    U   ... 

...    63°.3 

„   15 

.    63''.4 

„    12   ... 
„    13  ... 

...    63°.3 
...    63°.3 

.,    16 

Mean  for  the  week 

..    63''.4 
..    63°  ,3 

[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32'  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degreea — a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


TEBn»EEATUBE. 

Above  or 

Accumulated. 

Sri 

Sd 

below  the 

u 

4J.-S 

SI 

Mean  for 
the     week 

J,  Si 

°SlJ' 

is  fltU 

S.Et^ 

ending 

..f 

July  4. 

11     11 

<i:    |a.j: 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day-  !  Day- 

ducing  Districts. 

Aeg. 

deg. 

deg.  J  deg. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

3  above 

110 

0 

+  195  +    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.     ... 

6  above 

141 

0 

+  197  -(■     41 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

5  above 

151 

0 

+     6r-|-     83 

3.  England,  E. 

3  above 

153 

0 

—    53-1-  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.   „. 

4  above 

159 

0 

-1-      l\+  166 

5.  England,  S.      ... 

3  above 

151 

0 

—    5l'-(-  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 

Districts. 

6.  SCOTXAND,  W.     ... 

3  above 

121 

0 

+  106  +    47 

7.  England.N.W.... 

3  above 

139 

0 

+    33  4-  118 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

2  above 

140 

0 

-1-    2o'-|-  172 

9.  Ireland,  N.       ... 

3  above 

137 

0 

+  203  +     23 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

4  above 

151 

0 

f  179  -1-    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

3  above 

148 

0 

-    55-1-    77 

Bainfau. 

Bkiqht 

sunshihe. 

Districts. 

ia  . 

L 

^d 

iii 

ill 

Principal     Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Tenths    of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

2  less 

106 

18.4 

15 

24 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

3  less 

75 

9.1 

39 

35 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

2  less 

71 

6.8 

43 

32 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

4  less 

68 

7.4 

63 

40 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

4  less 

66 

8.2 

65 

30 

5.  England,  S. 

4  less 

65 

8.1 

69 

38 

Principal  Grazing.  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

4  less 

82 

15.9 

33 

36 

7.  England,N.W.... 

6  less 

65 

9.9 

58 

38 

8.  England.  S.W.... 

7  less 

67 

9.0 

76 

47 

9.  Ireland.  N. 

3  less 

76 

11.8 

25 

36 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

5  less 

66 

11.1 

45 

44 

—  Channel  Islands 

4  less 

77 

8.3 

70 

60 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  July  4,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  weather  continued  very  fine  and  dry  in 
almost  all  parts  of  the  kingdom  until  nearly  the  close 
of  the  period.  In  the  extreme  north  and  north-west 
of  Scotland,  however,  the  sky  was  generally  cloudy 
or  overcast,  with  occasional  slight  falls  of  rain.  By 
the  end  of  the  week  the  unsettled  conditions  extend 
to  almost  all  our  coasts,  and  brought  some  rain  to 
all  our  northern  districts,  and  some  showers  to  most 
of  our  southern  and  south-eastern  stations.  In  a 
few  places  slight  thunder  and  lightning  were  expe- 
rienced. 

"  The  tempcra/ure  has  been  above  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  excess  ranging  from  2°  in  '  England, 
S.W.,'to  5°  in  'England,  N.E.,'  and  'Scotland,  E.' 
The  highest  of  the  daily  maxima  (which  were  regis- 
tered on  the  .3rd  or  4t'h  in  England,  and  earlier  in 
the  week  over  Ireland  and  Scotland)  varied  between 
77°  and  82°  in  Scotland,  80°  and  82°  in  Ireland,  and 
82°  and  89°  over  England.  The  lowest  of  the  daily 
minima,  which  were  recorded  on  somewhat  irregular 
dates,  ranged  from  40°  in  '  Scotland,  E.,'  and  43°  in 
'  England.  S.,'  to  52°  in  the  Channel  Islands. 

Rainfall  has  again  been  less  than  the  mean  in  all 
districts.  It  was  almost  entirely  absent  during  the 
greater  part  of  the  week,  but  at  its  close  was  rather 
general,  though  not  heavy. 

"  Bright  sunshine  has  been  less  prevalent  than  of 
late  in  most  districts,  especially  over  Ireland  and 
Scotland.  The  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  varied  from  15  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'  and  25  in 
'  Ireland,  N.,'  to  63  in  'England,  E.,'  70  in  the 
'  Channel  Islands,'  and  76  in  '  England,  S.W.' 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


^^*  Correspondents  will  greatly  oblige  by  sending 
early  intellisjence  of  local  events  likely  to  be  of 
interest  to  our  readers,  or  which  it  is  desirable  to 
bring  under  the  notice  of  horticulturists. 


Almond  Leaves  :  A  Subscriber.  A  bad  case  of 
"  blister,"  such  as  occurs  on  Peaches.  It  is  due  to 
the  attacks  of  a  fungus  (Ascomyces  deformans). 
See  p.  53. 

America  :  Yorkshire.  Gardeners''  Monthly  (Phila- 
delphia). 

Begonias  :  G.  F.  There  is  no  end  to  the  diversities 
witnessed  in  double  Begonias.  Many  of  the  forms 
have  been  described  aud  illustrated  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle. 

Box  :  E.  J.  In  the  absence  of  particulars  we  cannot 
say  why  one  kind  of  Box  grows  and  the  other  does 
not. 

Cut  Flower  Trade  :  F.  W.  D.  To  answer  your 
question  we  should  need  to  be  in  the  trade  our- 
selves. Much  depends  on  your  knowledge  and 
experience,  the  market  facilities,  amount  of  rent, 
rates  and  taxes.  Unless  you  are  experienced  wa 
should  strongly  dissuade  you  from  attempting  to 
get  profit  from  an  acre  of  land,  either  for  hardy 
iiowers  or  fruit,  as  you  propose. 

Flower  Show  Reports  :  Messrs.  JV.  ^-  Soji.  We 
cannot  undertake  to  notice  all  or  any  of  the  ex- 
hibits at  a  show.  Our  reporters  select  those  details 
which  they  think  most  worthy  of  notice. 

Grass:  Mrs.  A.J).    Cannot  identify  it. 

Influence  of  a  Warm  Climate  on  English  Plants  : 
G.  S.  M.  Often  rapid  deterioration,  sometimes 
the  reverse,  as  in  the  case  of  our  weeds  introduced 
into  New  Zealand  and  Australia.  As  to  your 
second  question,  an  autumn  flowering  plant  would 
probably  in  the  end  flower  in  the  Australian 
autumn,  but  thorough  acclimatation  would  first 
ensue. 

Names  of  Fruit  :  .G.  W.  C.  Nectarine  Pitmaston 
Orange  ;  Peach  Grosse  Mignonne ;  but  it  is  not 
possible  to  be  certain  without  a  knowledge  of  the 
flowers  and  leaves  of  these  fruits. 

Na5[es  of  Plants  :  W.  B.  S.  Benthamia  fragifera. 
— A  Young  Gardener.  1,  Crats'gus  tanacetifolia  ; 
2,  Chimonanthus  fragrans  (Carolina  Alspice)  ;  3. 
Rhus  cotinus  (Wig-plant)  ;    4,  Andromeda  spinu- 


58 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[JtTLT  9,  1887. 


losa  ;  5,  A.  pulverulenta ;  6,  Symphytum  asperri- 
mum. — R.  A.  1,  Claytonia  perfoliata  ;  2,  Medicago 
denticulata.  Another  time  please  send  better 
specimens. —  W.  A.  K.  1,  Juniperus  recurva  ;  2, 
Abies  Douglasii,  golden  variety  ;  3,  Spiraea  sorbi- 
folia ;  4,  Gongora  sp. — P.  W.  M.  Pyrus  pinnati- 
fida.  See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  October  20,  1883, 
p.  493. —  W.  P.  1,  Colutea  arborescens  ;  2,  Ver- 
onica (next  week)  ;  3,  Saxifraga  Wallacei ;  4, 
Veronica  Traversii ;  6,  Rhus  Typhinum. — Repub- 
lican. 1,  Fhleum  pratense ;  2,  Calamagrostis 
lanceolata  ;  3,  Avena  elatior  ;  4,  Aira  caespitosa  ; 
5,  Poa  pratensis  ;  6,  Agrostis  vulgaris.  —  J.  W.  0. 
1,  Geranium  pratense;  2,  G.  macrorhizum;  3, 
Papaver  alpinum  ;  4,  Onobrychis  sativa  ;  5,  Oxalis 
etricta  ;  6,  Cerastium  arvense. — Lymington.  Ly- 
cium  barbarum.— ^.  W.  1,  2,  3,  Poa  trivialis  ; 
4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  Poa  pratensis ;  9,  Kceleria  cristata ; 
but  we  cannot  be  certain  from  panicles  only. 

Notice  to  Quit  Service  :  C.  F.  Unless  you  have 
an  agreement  in  writing  to  receive  so  much  salary 
per  annum,  we  fear  you  cannot  claim  more  than  a 
week's  notice,  or  its  equivalent  in  pay,  house-rent, 
&c.  As  a  yearly  servant  you  could  claim  a 
month's  pay  or  notice. 

Paraffin  Oil  :  R.  J.  There  is  more  risk  incurred 
in  using  this  substance  than  there  is  with  petro- 
leum oil.  One  part  petroleum  thoroughly  incor- 
porated with  a  little  milk,  and  added  to  80  parts 
of  soft  water,  will  destroy  or  drive  away  aphides. 
It  may  be  used  rather  stronger  as  a  winter  dress- 
ing. In  using  the  mixture  with  a  syringe  keep 
the  contents  of  the  can  in  motion  by  the  use  of  a 
second  syringe. 

PoTATos  :  R.  V.  tf  S.  The  tubers  had  been  eaten  by 
wireworra  or  some  such  marauder,  the  foliage  by 
caterpillars.     We  could  not  find  either  at  work. 

Richmond  Rose  Show — Correction  :  The  thirty 
trebles  contest,  line  31  from  bottom  of  middle 
column,  p.  25 — substitute  Mr.  W.  Rumsey,  Joyn- 
ing's  Nursery,  for  Mr.  Turner. 

Roses  :  R.  J.  The  leaves  are  atFected  by  the  com- 
mon Rose-rust.  You  can  employ  flowers  of  sul- 
phur against  it,  and  copious  waterings  in  dry 
weather  will  ward  off  attacks. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED, 

John  R.  Box,  118,  North  End,  Croydon,  London — 
Bulbs. 

Thos.  Methven  &  Sons,  15,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, N.B. — Bulbs  and  Roots. 

W.  B.  Hartland,  24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork,  Ireland 
—Daffodils  (Abridged  List). 

R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  17,  Frederick  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, N.B.— Dutch  Bulbs. 


Communications  Received  :— Dobbie  &  Co.  (next  week).— 
Francis  Hatchett.— Pansy  Grower  (will  report  next  week). — 
W.  E.  G.— F.  Degen  (offer  declined  with  thanks).— N.  J.  B. 
— W.  S.  &  Co.— J.  G.— C.  W.  D.— R.  A.  R.— W.  Morgan, 
Pukekohe,  N.Z.— Messrs.  Sutton.— A.  O.  W.—W.  E.  G.  (we 
shall  be  obliged  for  a  specimen). — Messrs.  Carter  (Trifolium). 
—J.  G.  B.— J.  W.— Prof.  Henri ques.-Mr.  Justice  Weatherbe, 
N.S.— G.  N.—  Dr.  Crie.  Rennes.— M.  Regnier,  Fontenay  sous 
bois.— H.  B.  B.— J.  C.  Brad  Quimperle.— J.  O.  B.— J.  R.— 
G.  M.  W.— A.  G.  J.  (letter  wiU  follow).— W.  B.  H.— J.  C.  S. 
— R.  L.,  Edinburgh  (many  thanks). — A,  D.  W. — Messrs.  West 
&  Co.— .T.  V.  v.— J.  C— H.  Cleghorn.- H.  W.  W.  (with 
thanks).— H.  R.,  Plymouth.— W.  H.— E.  C— G.  P.— A.  R.— 
M.  D.  (many  thanks). — F.  Griineberg,  Frankfort-u-M. 


DIED,  at  Whitwell,  Nottinghamshire,  on  June  30, 
aged  ninety  years,  Ann  Helen,  widow  of  William 
TiLLERY,  late  of  Welbeck  Gardens.  She  was  buried 
at  Cuckney. 


lARKETS. 


COVENT  GARDEN,  July  7. 

We  cannot  accept  any  editorial  responsibility  for  the  subjoined 
reports,  which,  however,  are  furnished  to  us  reguljirly 
every  Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal 
salesmen,  who  revise  the  list,  and  who  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
represent  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our 
report.  The  prices  depend  upon  the  quality  of  the  samples. 
the  supply  in  the  market,  and  they  fluctuate,  not  only 
from  day  to  day,  but  often  several  times  in  one  day.  and 
therefore  the  prices  quoted  as  averages  for  the  past  week 
must  not  betaken  as  indicating  the  particular  prices  at 
any  particular  date,  and  still  less  can  they  be  taken  as 
guides  to  the  prices  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Strawberries  from  the  Home  Counties  are  now 
in  full  gathering  and  good  supply,  making  fair  aver- 
age prices.    Grapes  still  bad  sale,  and  hardly  cleared 


at   very  low  rites.      Business   not  quite   so  brisk. 
James  Webber^  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Pkioes. 


Cherries,  J-sieve  ...40-60 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  10-26 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  0  9-16 
Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  each  ...  1  6-  4  6 


Peaches,  dozen  ...  4  0-12  0 
Pine-apples,Eng.,lb.  10-16 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  0  4-  0  8 


Vegetables— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  per  doz...  4  0-  ... 
Asparagus,   English, 

per  100       5  0-  ... 

Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  9-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 

Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  9-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  spring, 

Celery,  per  bundle .. 
Cucumbers,  each  .. 
Endive,  per  dozen  .. 
Green  Mint,  bunch.. 
Herbs,  per  bunch  .. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen .. 


0  9-  ... 
16-30 
0  6-10 
3  0-  ... 
0  4-  ... 
0  4-  ... 
0  3-  ... 
16-20 


Lettuce,  Cos.,  each...  0  2-  ... 

Mushrooms,  punnet  16-20 
Mustard    and  Cress, 

punnet       0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel ...  4  0-  ... 

Parsley,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 

Peas,  per  quart       ...  1  0-  ... 

Potatos,  per  cwt.    ...  4  0-  5  0 

,,    kidney,  percwt.  4  0-50 

Rhubarb,  per  bundle  0  6-  ... 

Shallots,  per  lb.       ...  0  3-  ... 

Spinach,  per  bushel...  3  0-  ... 

Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     ...  1  6-  ... 

Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  4-... 


Potatos. — Old  samples  much  lower;  new  very  plentiful  from 
Jersey  and  Cherbourg,  prices  ranging  from  8s.  to  12s.  per  cwt. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  PRioEa. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ...  4 
Cinerarias,  per  doz...  6 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
Draceena  terminal  is, 

per  dozen 30 

—  viridis,  per  doz. 


0-18  0 
0-9  0 
0-9  0 
0-12  0 


Erici 


per 


dozen 

Euonymus,  in  var., 
per  dozen 6  ( 

Evergreens,  in  var., 
per  dozen 6  ( 

Ferns,  in  variety,  per 
dozen         4  ( 

Ficus  elastica.  each  .  1  ( 

Foliage  plants,  vari- 
ous, each 2  ( 

Fuchsias,  doz.         ...  4  ( 


Heliotrope,  dozen  ...  4  0-08 
Hydrangeas,  doz.  ...  9  0-12  0 
Lilium  longiflorum. 

per  dozen 24  0-36  0 

,40-60 

!  6  0-12  0 
.60-90 
.30-60 
.  6  0-12  0 
each  2  6-21  0 
,  dozen  6  0-15  0 


per  dozen 
Mignonette,  doz. 
Musk,  per  dozen 
Myrtles,  per  dozen 

Pelargon; 

—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

—  Ivy-leaved,   doz.  4  0-60 
Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-90 


dozen  18  0-30  0 

Scented  Verbena.doz.  4  0-60 
Spireea,  per  dozen  ...  9  0-12  0 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons,  12  bun   ... 

ArumLili'esriSblms". 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  blms. 
Cornflower,  12  bun. 
Day  Lily,  12  bun.  ... 
Eucharis,  per  dozen 
Gardenias.  12  blooms 
Heliotropes,  12  spr. 
Iris,  various,  12  bun, 
.Tasmine,  white,  bun. 
Lilac,  12  bunches  ... 
Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms 

Marguerites,  per   12 


2  0-40 

2  0-40 

3  0-50 
0  6-10 
0  9-20 

2  0-30 

4  0-60 
4  0-60 
10-30 
0  6-10 
6  0-12  0 
0  6-09 
4  0-80 

3  0-60 


Mignonette.  13  bun.  3  0-  t 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...2  0-^ 
Pansies,  12  bunches  2  0-  i 
Pelargoniums,  12  spr.  0  6-  1 
Pinks,   coloured  and 

white,  ]2bun.  ...  2  0-' 
Primulas,  double,  12 

sprays       0  9-1 

Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  0-  f 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  ft-  1 

—  coloured,  dozen.  2  0-  ^ 

—  red.  per  dozen  ...0  6-1 

—  Saffrano,  dozen...  1  0-  ] 
Spiraea,  12  bunches..  6  0-  5 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-  ^. 
Tropseolums,  12  bun.  1  0-  : 
Tuberoses.  12blm3....  1  0-  . 


SEEDS. 


London:  Jtdy  6. —  Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  write  that 
as  usual  during  the  month  of  July  very  little  business 
is  just  now  passing  in  farm  seeds.  Rather  more 
attention  is  being  devoted  to  Trifolium  incarnatum, 
on  account  of  the  drought,  and  consequently  prices 
are  hardening  somewhat.  Clover  seeds  are  at 
present  quite  neglected.  In  Canary  and  Hemp  seed 
there  is  nothing  fresh  to  note.  Owing  to  the  un- 
satisfactory reports  of  the  growing  crop,  fine  samples 
of  blue  Peas  have  become  scarce,  and  find  ready 
buyers.  There  is  no  change  in  either  Mustard  or 
Rape  seed. 

CORN. 

Averages. — Official  statement  showing  the  average 
prices  of  British  corn,  imperial  measure,  in  the  week 
ended  July  2  :— Wheat,  35s.;  Barley,  20s.  10^.; 
Oats,  17s.  ^d.  For  the  corresponding  week  in  1886  : 
—Wheat,  31s. ;  Barley,  24s.  2d. ;  Oats,  21s.  U. 


FRUIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  July  6. — Rather  short 
supply  of  vegetables,  &c.,  with  a  fair  demand.  Old 
Potato  trade  still  verv  dull ;  new  Potatos  in  request. 
Quotations: — Gooseberries,  l.s.  9rf.  to  25.  6rf.  per  half- 
sieve  ;  Strawberries  2s.  6rf.  to  35.  Qd.  per  peck ; 
Cabbages,  Is.  9(i.  to  3s.  per  tally ;  Spinach,  Is.  to 
\s.  ^d.  per  sieve  ;  bunch  Greens.  Is.  to  Is.  6^^.  per 
dozen  bunches;    Radishes,  2s.  ^d.  to  3s.  per  tally; 


bunch  Onions,  2s.  6rf.  to  3s.  6^2.  per  dozen  bunches  ; 
Lettuce,  6rf.  to  Is.  Zd.  per  score;  Rhubarb,  Is.  6(f. 
to  25.  per  dozen  bundles  ;  foreign  Onions,  4s.  to 
6s.  ^d.  per  cwt. 

Stratford  :  July  4. — Good  supplies  met  with  a 
brisk  trade  at  the  undermentioned  prices : — Cabbages, 
2s.  to  35.  per  tally  ;  Greens,  Is.  Qd.  per  dozen  bunches ; 
Mangels,  Ss.  to  15s.  per  ton ;  Onions,  spring,  3s.  6rf. 
to  45.  per  dozen  bundles;  Watercress,  6cf.  do.;  early 
Carrots,  'Ss.  do.;  do.  Turnips,  2s.  6£?.  do. ;  Goose- 
berries, 2s.  per  half-sieve  ;  do.  3s.  ^d.  to  4s.  per  sieve  ; 
Strawberries,  3s,  Qd.  to  4s.  ^d.  per  basket ;  Cherries, 
3s.  Qd.to  4s.  per  half  fiat ;  Cucumbers,  25.  per  dozen  ; 
Lettuce,  8ti.  per  scoie ;  Peas,  Ss.  to  Gs.  per  bag. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  July  5. —English 
new  Potatos  short,  but  from  Jersey  and  France  there 
are  fair  arrivals,  which  command  a  steady  sale. 
Picked  samples  of  old  bring  long  pricet,  but  of  other 
grades  there  are  few  buyers.  Quotations : — Old ; 
Magnum  Bonums,  60s.  to  95s. ;  Regents,  70s.  to  90s. 
per  ton.  New :  Jersey  kidneys,  125.  to  13s. ;  Malta 
rounds,  Ss.  to  9s. ;  Lisbon,  rounds,  7s.  to  9s.  per  cwt. 

Columbia  (East  London):  July  6. — Quotations: 
— Old  :  York  and  Lincoln  Magnum  Bonums,  55s.  to 
90s. ;  Kent  and  Sun-ey  do.,  55s.  to  ^bs. :  Cambridge- 
shire do.,  5i)s.  to  90s. ;  Scotch  do.,  70s.  to  lOOs.  ; 
Victorias,  85s.  to  955.  per  ton.  New  :  St.  Malo  kid- 
neys, ll5.  6d.  to  135, ;  do.  rounds,  7s.  to  Ss. ;  Cher- 
bourg kidneys,  12s,  Qd,  to  15s.  Qd. ;  do.  rounds,  8s. 
to  Ss.  Qd.  ;  Jersey  kidneys,  13s.  to  14s. ;  do.  rounda, 
8s.  to  9s.  per  cwt. 

Stratford  :  July  4. — Old :  English,  70s.  to  lOOs. 
per  ton.  New:  Jersey  kidneys,  lis.  Qd.  to  13s. ;  do. 
rounds,  7s.  Gd.  to  8s. ;  do. .  St.  Malo,  8s.  to  8s,  6rf. ; 
do.  Cherbourg,  Ss.  6d.  to  9s.  per  cwt. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week 
consisted  of  1856  cases  from  Bordeaux,  1519  cases 
Cherbourg,  143  Malta,  1928  packages  Jersey,  23 
packages  Valencia,  155  half-boxes  Lisbon,  12  baskets 
Algiers,  25  baskets  Rotterdam. 


HAY. 

-The  following  are  the  averages  of  the 
prices  obtained  at  the  various  metropolitan  markets 
during  the  past  week : — Clover,  prime,  90s.  to 
1025.  Qd. ;  inferior,  Q5s.  to  865, ;  hay,  prime,  70s. 
to  92s.  ;  inferior,  45s.  to  65s. ;  and  straw,  30s.  to  48s. 
per  load. 


Insect  Washes  — 2.c.,  to  Wash  them  Off. 
— Mr.  W.  G.  Klee,  the  California  State  Inspector  of 
Fruit  Pests,  issues  a  bulletin  relative  to  the  use  of 
washes  which  is  full  of  practical  value.  In  reference 
to  the  woolly  aphis,  the  direction,  based  on  years  of 
experience,  is  the  use  of  gas-lime,  or  the  refuse  from 
gasworks,  which  serves  both  as  a  cure  for  the  pests 
and  a  fertiliser.  Use  from  1.1  to  3  shovelfuls  of 
fresh  gas-lime  around  the  tree,  covering  a  space 
about  a  foot  in  diameter.  Do  not  pile  the  lime 
about  the  tree,  as  it  may  scald  the  bark.  Place  a 
shovelful  of  fresh  ashes  around  the  tree  to  prevent 
the  migration  of  the  pest  from  the  root  to  the 
branchep.  The  gas-lime  should  be  applied  as  early 
as  possible  to  get  the  benefit  of  the  spring  rains. 
For  the  insects  in  the  summer  use  washes,  but  if  the 
red  lady-bugs  are  numerous  trust  the  business  to 
them.  The  winter  and  spring  work  for  the  codlin- 
moth  is  to  remove  the  earth  around  the  trees,  and 
scrape  the  bark.  If  the  trunk  has  rough  bark  it 
should  be  scraped,  and  if  it  be  infested  with  mosses 
it  should  be  sprayed  with  a  weak  lye  solution.  The 
first  brood  of  Peach-worms  bore  into  the  young 
limbs,  the  second  into  the  fruit.  The  bulk  of  the 
pupae  evidently  harbour  iu  the  ground,  hence  dusting 
with  gas-lime,  as  for  the  woolly  aphis,  might  prove 
a  benefit.  Infected  lirabs  should  be  cut  off  and 
burned.  It  is  in  the  spring  that  the  pests  show 
their  work  most  plainly  in  the  withering  young 
shoots.  These  should  be  removed  and  burned. 
American  Agriculturist. 


JuiT'  9, 


THE     GARDENEB8'     ^CHRONICLE. 


^89 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS    ARTICLES    ON    ALL    DEPARTMENTS    OF 

GARDENING, 

NOTICES  OF  ALL  HORTICULTURAL  MATTERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST 

EEPOETS   of   EXHIBITIONS,    EEVIEWS   of   BOOKS,    and 
HOME,    COLONIAL,    and   FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Original  lUustratioas  by  W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,  W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  W.  J.  WELCH,  and  Others. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  the  following,  out    of  many  hundreds, 

may  be  named  : — 


ALPINE  PLANTS  ^- 

BACKHOUSE,  J. 

BALL,  J.,  F.R.S. 

CHURCHILL,  G.  C,  Clifton,  Bristol. 

CORREVON,  H.,  Geneva. 

DEWAB,  D.,  Kew. 

DOD,  Rev.  C.  W. 

JENKINS,  E.,  Potter. 

AMATEUR    GARDENING;— 

BADGER,  E.  \V. 

BOYLE,  lion.  Mrs.  E.  V.  B. 

"  S.  BRIGLD." 

BRIGHT,     the    late    H.    A.    ("Note 

from  a  Lancashire  Garden"). 
CLAEKE.  Col.  Trevor. 
EWBANK.  Rev.  H„  Ryde. 
LOWNE,  B.  T. 
OWEN,  Miss,  Knockmullen. 
PHILBRICK,  Q.C. 


ARBORETUM  ;- 

BARRON,  W.,  Borrowa.«h. 
LAVALLEE.  Alphonse.  the  late. 
NICHOLSON,  G.,  Curator,  Royal  Gar- 
dens, Kew. 
SARGENT,  Prof.,  Boston,  U.S.A. 
WEBSTER.  A.  D. 
YOUNG,  Maurice. 


BEE-KEEPING  : 


CHEMISTRY  -.- 

CHURCH,  Prof.,  Kew. 
DEHERAIN,  Prof.,  Paris. 
DYER,  Bernard. 
GILBERT,  Prof.,  Rothamsted. 
LA  WES,  Sir  J.,  Rothamsted. 
WARINGTON,  R.,  Eothamalod. 
WILLIS.  J.  J. 

DISEASES    OF    PLANTS  :- 

ARTHUR,  Prof.,  New  York. 
BASTIAN,  Dr.  Charlton,  F.R.S. 
BEI.IERINCK.  Prof.,  Wageningen. 
BERKELEY,  Rev.  M.  .T.,  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD,  T.  S..  F.E.S.,  the  late. 
COOKE.  Dr.  M.  C. 
MURRAY,  G.,  British  Museum. 
PAGET.  Sir  James,  F.R.S. 
PHILIPPS,  W. 

PLOWRIGHT,  C.  B.,  (Fungi). 
SMITH,  W.  G. 
SORAUEE,  Prof..  Proskan. 
WARD.    Prof.     MarshaU,     School     of 
Forestry. 


BAKER,  J.  G.,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

DRUERY,  C. 

HEMSLEY,  A. 

MOORE,  T.,  Botanic  Gardens,  Chelsea. 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS  :- 

DEAN,  R.,  Ealing. 
DODWELL,  E.  S..  Oxford. 
D'OMBRAIN,  Rev.  H,  H. 
DOUGLAS.  J.,  niord. 
DOWNIE,  J.,  Edinburgh. 


HORNER.  Rev. 
MOLYNEUX.  E. 
PAUL.  G.,  Paisley. 
TURNER,  C,  the  late. 


FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE  :- 

ANDRE.  E..  Paris. 

ANTOINE.  F.,  the  late,  Vienna. 

BENNET.  H..  M.D.,  Mentone. 

BERGMAN,  E.,  FerriSres. 

BONAVU,  C.  Lucknow. 

CARUEL.  Prof..  Florence. 

CASPARY,  Prof.,  Koenigsberg. 

DE  JIAR,  J.  A.,  Boston,  U.S.A. 

DRUDE.  Prof.,  Dresden. 

DUCHARTRE.  Prof.,  Paris. 

EICHLER,    Prof.,    Director,    Imperial 
Botanic  Gardens,  Berlin. 

FENZI.  Cav.  E.,  Florence. 

HANBURY.  T.,  Mentone. 

HENKIQUEZ,  Prof.,  Coimbra. 

JOLY'.  C.  Paris. 

KOLB,  Max,  Munich. 

KRELAGE,  E.  H.,  Haarlem. 

LANGE,  Prof.,  Copenhagen. 
MEEHAN,  T.,  Philadelphia. 
MONTEmo,  Chev.,  Lisbon. 
MOREEN,  the  lat«  Prof.,  Liege. 
NAUDIN,  C.  Antibes. 
NELSON,  C.  J.,  Orange  Free  State. 
OLIVEIRA,  J.  D.',  Oporto. 
OLH'ER.  Captain  S.  P..  Madagascar. 
PLANCHON.  Prof..  Montpellier. 
PYNAERT,  E..  Ghent. 
REGEL,  E..  St.  Petersburg. 
RODIGAS,  E..  Ghent. 
SURINGAR,  Prof.,  Leyden. 
TROUBETZKOI,  Prince  (Eucalyptus). 
VILMORIN,  H.  de,  Paris. 
WITTMACK,  Dr.,  Berlin. 
WOLKENSTEIN,  St,  Petersburg. 

FORESTRY  ;- 

BRACE.  C.  J.,  France. 
FR.INCE,  C,  S.,  Aberdeen. 
MICHIE,  C.  Y.,  CuUen,  Aberdeen. 
WEBSTER,  A.  D.,  Carnarvonshire. 

FRUIT    CULTURE:— 

BARRON,  A.  P.,  Chiswick. 
BLACKMORE,  R.  D. 
BUNYARD,  G.,  Maidstone,  Kent. 
CHEAL,  J.,  Crawley,  Sussex. 
RIVfiRS,  T.  F. 
WAJID,  E..  Hewell  Grange. 

GARDEN    BOTANY  :- 

BAKER,  .1.  G.,  F.R.S. 

BALFOUR,  Prof.,  Oxford. 

BALL,  J.,  F.R.S. 

BENTH-A.-M.  the  late  G.,  F.R.S. 

BROWN,  N.  E.,  Herbarium,  Kew. 

BURBIDGE,  F.  W.,  Botanic  Gardens, 

Dublin. 
CLARKE,  Col.  Trevor. 
CLARKE.  C.  B.,  F.R.S. 
COOKE,  Dr.  (Fungi). 
CORNU,  Prof.  Max,  Paris. 
DEC.AISNE.  the  late  Prof..  Paris. 
DE  CANDOLLE,  A.,  Geneva. 
DYER,    W.    T.    T.,    Director,    Royal 

Gardens,  Kew. 
ELLACOMBE,  Rev.  Canon. 
ELWES.  H.  J.  (Lilies).  [fers). 

ENGELMANN,  the  late  Dr.  6.  (Coni- 
FRANCHET,  Paris. 
GRAY,  Prof.  Asa,  Boston,  U.S.A. 
HEMSLEY,  W.  B.,  Kew, 
HOOKER.    Sir    J.    D..    K.C.S.L.    late 

Director,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
.TACKSON,    Museum,    Royal    Gardens, 

Kew  (Economic  Botany). 
LEICHTLIN,  Max,  Baden-Baden. 
M.IW,  G.  (Crocus).    [Gardens,  Kew. 
MOEKIS,  D.,  Assistant  Director,  Royal 


GARDEN  BOTANY  :- 

NAITDIN,  C.  Antibes. 
OLIVER,  Prof.,  F.R.S. 
RIDLEY,  H.,  British  Museum. 
ROLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
SMITH,  W.  G.  (Fungi). 
STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens. 
STRICKLAND,  Sir  C, 
TODABO,  Baron,  Palermo. 
WATSON,  Sereno.  Boston,  U.S.A. 

GARDEN   INSECTS  :- 

MACLACHLAN,  E.,  F.R.S.,  Pres.  Ent. 

Soc. 
inCHAEL,  A.  E.,  F.R.S. 
\VESTWOOD,  Prof.,  F.R.S. 

HERBACEOUS    PLANTS  :- 

BARR,  P.,  Covent  Garden. 
CREWE,  Kev.  H.  Harpur,  the  late. 
DOD,  Rev.  C.  W. 
ELLACOMBE,  Rev.  Canon. 
ELWES,  H.  J..  Cirencester. 
HARTLAND,  B.aylor.  Cork. 
PERRY'.  Tottenham. 
POTTER,  W.,  York. 
WLLSON.  G.  F..  F.R.S. 

INDIA   AND    THE    COLONIES  :— 

ADLAM,  H.,  Natal. 

BANCROFT.  G.,  M.D..  Queensland. 

BENNETT,  G.,  M.D.,  Sydney. 

BONA  VIA,  Dr.,  N.  W.  P.,  India. 

COOPER,  Sir  Dan,,  Bart..  Sydney. 

DUTHIE.  J.  F.,  Saharunpore. 

HART,  J.,  Jamaica. 

IM  THURN,  Everard,  British  Guiana. 

KING,    Dr.,    Director,    Royal    Botanic 

Gardens.  Calcutta. 
JIIACOWAN,  Prof..  Cape  Town 
MUELLER,      Baron     Sir     Ferd.     V., 

Melbourne. 
MURTON,  H.  J.,  Siam. 
PRESTO.  H.,  Trinidad. 
SCHOMBURGK,  Dr.,  Adelaide. 
SMITH.  T.,  New  Zealand. 
SYME.  G..  Jamaica. 
TRIMEN,  H.,  Ceylon. 

LANDSCAPE    GARDENING  :- 

ANDRE,  E.,  Paris. 
BOSCAWEN,  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T. 
BURVENIOH.  F..  Ghent. 
JACKMAN,  J.,  Woking. 
JULIAN,  G.  Richards. 


ANDERSON,  J.,  Mcadowbank. 
BACKHOUSE.  I.,  York. 
BRADSHAW,  A„  Waddesdon  Gardsns. 
BULL.  W. 
B0LLEN,       B.,       Botanic       Gardens, 

BUYSSON,  il.  Le  Comte. 
CRAWSHAY,  De  B. 
LAWRENCE,  Sir  Trevor,  Bart.,  M.P., 
President,  Royal  Horticultural  Soc. 
LEE.  W..  Downside. 
LINDEN,  Lucien,  Ghent. 
O'BRIEN,  James. 
PFITZER,  Prof.,  Heidelberg. 
REICHENBACH,  Prof.,  Hamburgh. 
RIDLEY.  H.  N.,  British  Musetmi. 
SANDER,  F. 
SMEE.  A.  H. 

SWAN,  W.,  Howick  House,  Preston. 
VEITCH.  H. 
WILLIAMS,  B.  S. 
WOOLFORD,  C,  Downside. 


PRACTICAL    GARDENING  :- 

ATKINS,  J. 

AUSTEN,  J.,  Witley  Court  Gardens. 

BAILLIE,  W.  M.,  Luton  Hoo  Gardens. 

BAINES,  T. 

BAKER.  G.  [Oxford. 

BAXTER,    W.    H.,    Botanic    Gardens, 

BLAIR,  T.,  Shrubland  Gardens. 

CARMICHAEL,  A.M.,Henleyin  Arden. 

CHALLIS,  T. 

CHRISTIE,  A.,  Warwick  Castle. 

COLEMAN,      W.,      Eaatnor       Castle 
Gardens. 

COOMBER,  J.,  The  Hendre. 

COOMBER.  W.,  Regent's  Park. 

CROSSLING,    R.,    St.    Pagan's  Castle 
Gardens. 

CULITJRWELL,  W.,  Thorpe  Perrow. 

DEAN,  A.  (Potatos,  &c.). 

DEWAR,  D.,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

DOUGLAS,  J.,  Great  Gearies,  Ilford. 

DUNN.  M.,  Dalkeith. 

EARLEY,  W.,  Ilford. 

EVANS.  A.,  Lythe  Hill  Gardens. 

FES'DLAY,  B..  Manchester. 

FISH.  D.  T.,  Hardwicke  Gardens. 

FOWLER,       A.,       Caatle       Kennedy 

ERASER,  J.,  Kew.  [Gardens. 

GIBSON,  W.  M.  (Town  Gardening). 

GRIEVE,  P.,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

HARRIS,  G.,  Alnwick  Caatle. 

HEMSLEY,  A.  (Market  Plants). 

HUDSON,  J.  (Stove  Plants). 
INGRAM,  W.,  Belvoir  Gardens. 
LYNCH,     R.     J.,     Botanic    Gardens, 

Cambridge. 
MacINDOE.  J.,  Hutton  Hall. 
MELVILLE.  D.,  Dunrobin  Gardens. 
MILES.      G.      T.,      Wycombe    Abbey 

Gardens. 
MILLER,  W..  Coombe  Abbey. 
MOORE.    F.    W.,    Glasnevin    Botanic 
O'BRIEN,  T.  [Garden. 

RICHARDS,  G.  H.,  Somerley  Gardens 
ROBERTS,  J.,  Gunnersbury. 
RUST,  J.,  Bridge  Castle. 
SAUL,  M.,  York. 

SHEPPARD,  J.,  Wolverston  Gardens. 
SMITH,  J.,  Mentmore  Gardens. 
SMYTHE,  W.,  Basing  Park. 
TEMPLE.  M„  Carron  House,  N.B. 
THOMAS,  O.,  Chatsworth  Gardens. 
THOMSON,  W.,  Clovenford  (Vines). 
WALLIS,  J.,  Keele  Gardens. 
WARD,  E.,  Hewell  Grange,  Bromsgrove. 
WARD,     H.     W.,     Longford     Castle 

Gardens. 
WATSON,  W.,  Roval  Gardens,  Kew. 
WEBSTER,  J.,  Gordon  Castle  Gardens. 
WILDS.MITH,  W.,  Hecklield  Gardens. 
WILSON,  D. 
WILSON,  G.  F.  (Lilies). 


BENNETT,  H. 

D'OMBRAIN,  Rev.  H.  H. 

FISH,     D.    T.,    Hardwick,    Bury    St. 

FISHER,  Rev.  O.  [Edmunds, 

GIRDLESTON,  I.  W. 

PAUL.  G.,  Cheshunt. 

PAUL,  W..  Waltham  Cross. 

VEGETABLE    PHYSIOLOGY  - 

BENNETT,  A.  W. 
BOULGER,  Prof. 
DAKWra,  Charles,  the  late. 
FOSTEIi,  Prof.  Michael. 
GARDINEE,  W..  Cambridge. 
GLAISHEK,  James  (Meteorology.) 
HENSLOW,  Rev.  G. 


60 


TEE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  9,  1887. 


PEAT,  LOAM,  SAND,  &c.— Splendid  Brown 
Fibrous  PEAT  (full  of  fibre).  9!!.  per  yard  ;  Yellow  Fibrous 
LOAM  (best  in  England).  10s.  per  ton  ;  SILVER  SAND  (coarse 
and  fine).  10s.  per  ton.      Each  in  truckloads.     COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE  REFUSE.  20s.  per  Inrg.'  fruckload.     Send  for  List. 
BRINKWORTH    am.  SONS.  Re.idinR. 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis.  Lies.  Red  Spider,  Thrip.  Mealy 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  dc.  dc. 
DcDrrrTI  V   1   fo  file  Hands  and  Skin,  but  will  cure 
rcnrcblLf        KiuRWorm  in  Animals,  and  all  Diseases 
HARMLESS   J   produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  rombination  of  Hvdrooarbnn  Oils,  made  soluhk-  in 
Water,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  the  Roots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  Is.  fid.  ?s.  f;d.  &  4s.  Bd; 

J  gallon  7s.  6d,  1  Rallon  12b.  Cd,  or  lessin  hirpr  f|Unntities. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receint  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,   Manchester. 

Wlinl-.il-'  H...irFit.>.-r.,,:  i  ■,„:,;,-,  s.iT-in.  F.nvi  ir.  &  Co. ; 
C  E  (i.Mvv  .\- r,,  .  ,in.l  fr..rii  ;l11  til-  T.oridui,  s.'.d  Mer- 
chant, uud  «-]|nl,,;,|..  V-.it.ut  Midi.  Ill-'  Ihn,.,...  NEW 
YORK-KoiuF.B  \-  S.iN^. 

HUGHES^FiR  TREE  Obl 


Hughes' 

FIRTREE  0:L 

SPRAY  PUMP 

PRICE  25  - 


T/n  nil !  n  Ji»e 
'■/mil/  20  ft.,  and 
I  /it  soft.,  icith 
i/iint  foice. 

A  s2Jlendid 
iiib'ttitute  for  the 
6i/)mge  for  using 
Iiiiecticidc,  Price 
1  )\  A  larger 
site  foi  tcatering 
piiipoieK,  455. 
Cauiaq;G  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

I^APHICIDE 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&creamcolorSHADING 


Convpnipnt,  Inexpensive— Easily  applied  —  Lasts  nil  the 
Summer,  and  can  tlten  he  eiisily  washr-l  ..If.     '  '  '  -^ 

For  Fixinj?  Bloom  of  Azak- 
&c.,  and  for  Cut  t"lo« 


HUGHES' 
FLORAL  CEIVSENT. 


HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Prcventinpr  Vines  Bleeding  after  Pnming'. 

Vcrv  effeetual  in  prevrntinp  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

wast/-d.     In  bfittl-^s  1  .-,  nn'l  2  (5.     Per  ro^t,  3d.  extra. 

??^£r:'^;;;?;;>;:?nr;,::,x*^::  HUGHES' 
TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  effectual    in   Oreenhouses,— for   Animals  and    Bed 
Clothing.     Price.  6d..  Is.  &  2/6.    Per  post  .3d.  extra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  "?;5li5??> 

VICTORIA  &  OATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  ani  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  Vis.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6rf.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  \bs.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat.  5s.  per  bag.  FMsh  SPHAGNUM.  7s.  id.  per 
bag.    SILVER  S.IND,  coarse  or  f  ne.  l.^is.  per  ton. 

WALKEE  AND  CO..  Tarnboro'  Station.  Hants. 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIEg,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  HorticuHural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S.  (Son-inlaw  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard).  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room.  7.5a.  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.G.,  near  Mansion  HouM  Station.    Depot:  Swan  Place. 
Old  Kent  Road.  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams — "  Floricuxturb.  London."    Established  1854. 

The  Best  Manure  for  all  Horticultural  Purposes  Is 

RICHARD  MANN  and  C  0. '  S 
UNIVERSAL  FERTILISER. 
It  is  the  most  effective  and  permanent  fertili.ser  in  the 
market.  We  have  taken  over  1000  First  Prizes  for  Plants. 
Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables  grown  with  this  Manure.  In 
tins.  Is.  ;  bags,  7  lb.,  2s.  U.  ;  14  lb.,  4s.  id.  ;  28  lb.,  7s.  id.  ; 
66  lb..  12s.  id. ;  112  lb.,  20s.,  all  carriage  paid.  We  also 
supply  finest  quality  Fish  Guano,  pure  Dissolved  Bones,  and 
Crushed  Bones,  m  1  cwt.  bags,  10s.,  carriage  paid.  Dr. 
Voelcker's  Analysis  guaranteed.    Cash  with  order. 

RICHARD  MANN  and  CO.,  Howden.  Ea-st  Yorkshire. 

Orclild  Peat-a  Specialty ! 

WWOOP  AND  SON  art-  now  cutting  from 
•     THE  NEW  ESTATE  (I lie  uiily  estate  celebrated  for 
its  special  quality  of  ORCHID  PEAT). 

Send  for  .Sample.    Special  Quotations. 
Wood  Green,  London.  N. 


^'CUPROLENE,' 


WEED  DESTROYER. 


A  NEW  DISCOVERY.— The  Cheapest.  Best,  and  Most 
Erfr'tii;il  l'n>|>:ir,it  mil  lor  Kili  1115  Weeds.  Dandelions,  Moss,  &c., 
on  Carri;!"-  liri\ ,  ■■..  i.:ndcn  Walks,  or  wherever  they  may  exist. 

No  <listurbaii--e  of  gravel.     Saves  labour,  time,  and  money. 
Supersedes  all  other  preparations. 

Messrs.  Richard  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester,  the  extensive 
and  well-known  nurserymen,  write  us  ;—"  We  are  pleased  to 
say  that  your  Weed  Killer  is  very  eff.-ctive,  cleanly  to  use,  and 
the  best  we  ever  tried." 

CuPBOLENEisused  with  Iheprf.Tt.'st  success  in  .ill  parts  of 
the  United  Kingdom.     Testimoiuuls  mi  iiiii.licili.in. 

Prices,  Carriage  Paid  to  any  Station. 


4  galls.,  sufficient  for  100  gulls,  of  ■ 


.£060 

0  12     0 

1  2     0 

2  7     6 
n-ntlBga: 


TREPHO  FOR  ORCHIDS. 

For  Potting,  Rafts,  Blocks,  &c.    To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN   FIELD,   F.E.B.S., 

7.iA     QUEEN     VICTORIA    STREET.    E.C. ;    and 

SWAN   PLACE.    OLD    KENT   ROAD,  S.E. 


CATALOGUE  of  all  HORTicuBruRAL  Requisites  post^fr* 
POTTERY  of  all  descriptions. 


JENSEN'S 


Every  CT"ain   fertilizes  be 
pare-     It  is    mn«t  ecooor 

100  partft  iif  sr.il  br-in 

jiuBc    the  Gunno  if  per/ectly 
iiical.  one  part  of  Maome  to 

,'  .iiiipio  f  »r  t:ardeu  nse. 

Write  fnr   I':unphlL.t.   T- ^ 

tiriMimns    iinil    Instnirti.^nfl. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker'8  analyaiR  Rii^iriintc-a.     FISH-POTASH 
contains  Ammonia,  Pho-^phiites  ;inil    Potash  in  large 
proportions,   which    are   tM^    principal    elements   ol 
fcrtUization. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is. ;   in  Bags,  7 lbs.,  2s. :    141bs., 

4s.;  281bs.,  6s.6d.;  S61bs.,  10s. 6d.:  1  cwt., 

16s.;    2  cwt..  30s.,  carriage  paid.    Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED. 
10,  St.  Helen's  Place,  London.  E.C. 


piISHXTRST   COMPOOTTD,  used  by  leading 

v3r  Gardeners  since  IS.W  against  Red  Spider.  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  a  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Hius  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes.  I5.,  3s..  and  10s.  id. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  id.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES.  —  Sticks,    Labels, 
Virgin  Cork,  Raffia.  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes.  Rustic  Work, 
Manures,  Blc.    Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 


BOBber's  Garden  Edging  TUes. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The  plainer 
sorts  are  apecially  sxiited  for 
.KITCHEN  GARDENS,  as 
:hty  harbour  no  Slugs  or 
In.secta,  take  up  little 
and  once  put  down  ini 
further  latxiur  or  expense 
do  "grown"  Edgings,  cot 
quently  being  much  cheaper, 
GAKDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,!0  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers.  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Koad,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT     "ACME"    FRAMES. 
PLANT    COVERS,    and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :     also  for 
FOXLEYS  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Hlustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls.  Corridors,  Balconies,  &.C., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plaiu  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,   for   Lining    Walls   of    Dairies, 

Larders.  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

C     I      L    ^V     E     R         S     A      N      D  , 

O    fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.    Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

~.  KC 

3rde..  ,---_,--,  . 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade, 


THOS.    W.    ROBINSON, 

BEKXISPABK  IROMVORKS,  STOUEBEIDGE, 

THe  «"~^?t\\V'^=^      "^^  ^^^ 

"  Expansion    M^jaJn  1  \=-z^  ^"*  Quickest 

4-in  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  is.  3d.  each; 

'4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes.  9  feet  long.  4s.  6U.  each. 

Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  List  on  application. 

RICHARDSON'S 


HORTICULTURAL  BUILDINGS 

Fixed   in    any   part   of   the 
Kingdom  with  Hot-water 
*VV*V,^         Apparatus  complete. 


CATALOGUE 
FBEE. 


North  of  England  Horticultural  Works,"NwV 

DARLINGTON. 


JoLY  9,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


61 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HOKTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  KOW  LONDON,  E.C 


rSA 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  AND  CO  will  gi\  e  Estimatei  for  every 
description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of  charge  and 
send  competent  assistants  whtn  necessary 

LASCELLES'   NEW    ROCKWORK    material    in    various 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  BunliiU  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  andStages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


HY.     VAN     &     CO. 

(Tlie  Oldest  London  House  in  the  Trade,  Estd.  1780), 

17,   Tooley   Street,    London    Bridge,   S.E. 


IlUtrntei  CiT  iLOCr  £■-.  Tot  free 

PROTECTION   FOR   FRUIT   AND   FLOWERS 

GABDEN  NETTING    2  jards  ^sile    Urf     or  per  luo  >ardi, 

10s     ditto  4  yards  w  de    Jrf    or  per  100  yards  20s 
SCEIM    CANVAS    1   ^ard  wide    U       IJ   yard     l^       and 

2  yards,  6rf.  per  yard. 
TIFFAJfY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  3s.  td.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 
KICK    CLOTHS,    TARPAULINS,    Corn  and  Potato  SACKS, 

FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  tor  Sale  or  Hire. 
TOBACCO  PAPER,  RAFFIA,  and  Garden  MATS  of  all  kinds. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
CUCUMBER  FRAMES 

Are  always  in  stock,  ready  to  be  sent  o£f  on  receipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the  beat  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a  proper 
The  FRAMES  are  of  l^-inch  boards,  24  inches  high 


at  back,  and  13  inches  high  in  front,  bolted  at  the 
easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  LIGHTS  are  2  inches 
thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  one  handle  at  the  top,  and 
the  whole  painted  four  coats.  The  glaiis  is  ENGLISH  21-oz. 
weight.  PACKED  and  sent  CARRIAGE  PAID  to  any  station 
England  and  Wales,  also  to  Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry, 


No.  75.— Cucumber  and  Melon  Frame,    au  siies  in  stock. 
CASH     PRICES, 

Including  the  UaE  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.    Width.  Price. 

2-LIGHT  FRAME  8  feet  by  6  feet  ...  £3    5  0 

3  „  „        13  feet  by  6  feet  ...  4  12  6 

4  ..  „       16  feet  by  6  feet  ...  6    0  0 

5  ,,  20  feet  by  6  feet  ...  7    7  6 

6  ,,  24  feet  by  6  feet  ...  8  15  0 

Smaller  frames  are  made.    See  LISTS,  post-free. 

CATALOGUES 

of  Greenhousea,  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden  Frames  in  every 
variety,  Garden  Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  every- 
thing required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  post-free  on 
application. 

ESTIMATES  for  Greenhouses  free  ou  receipt  of  particulars. 

LADIES  and  GENTLEMEN  waited  upon  by  appointment 
in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

NORWICH;. 


w 


ARNER'S     G4.KDEN     ENGINES 

AND  W  ATER  B  IRROWS 

_        ^     Are  of  the 


tL    TJ,      W    r      r    ^    s  t    I  \1    1   t  lus  1  Hi  1   at  Calcutta, 

N  le  L  II  I  \  tnui  Anili  m  M  \  nee  Bribuit  Brussels, 
&  and  T«obiUer  Medals  i«ard  d  by  theRoyal  Horticultural 
SoLietj  Manufacturers  of  Garden  byrmgeb  Fountams  &(.. 
lUustrated  PRICE  LISTS  upon  application  to 

JOHN  WARVER  and  SUNS  H\draulic  and  HorticulturU 
Engineers  The  Crescent  Founvlrv  Cripplegate  Et  and  the 
Foundry  Works,  Walton-oii-tliw-Xiize.  Essex.  To  be  obtained 
at  every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 


STEVEN      BROS     &C> 
HOT       WATER       APPARATUS. 


LONDON.  EC 


CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  and  packing  free,  and  delivered  to  any  London  Station. 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 

15  oz.      21  oz. 
\^  by    gi  for  10/-  for  14/- 

12  „  9  „  10/-  „  14/-  or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6, 
12  ,,  10  ,,  11/-  ,,  15/6  or  250  squares  8J  by  6J,  or  220 
14  „  10  ,,  13/-  „  19/-  squares,  9J  by  6J,  or  170  squares, 
14  „  12  „  17/6  „  24/-  9  by  7J,  or  160  squares,  10  by  8, 
12  „  12  ,,  13/-  „  20/-  for  10,1.  Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 
18  „  12  „  21/-  „  31/-  over  £3. 
20    ,^12    „    24/-  „  35/- 

Glaas  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LDJSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  bd.  per  pound.    Special  quotations 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND    GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
14.  Moor  Lane.  Cripplegate,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN  SHADINGS,  '^cS.'S^' 

RUSSIA  MATS,  RAITIA,  PEAT, 
SAND,     COCOA    FIBRE    REFUSE,    &c., 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 
CATALOGUE  oil  APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135,  COMMERCIAL  STREET,  LONTON,  E. 


DOULTON  &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH   POTTERY,  LONDON,  S.E. 

VASES,  PEDESTALS,  FOUNTAINS, 

GARDEN  EDGINGS,  ^c,  in 

IMPERISHABLE     TERRA    COTTA. 


Tiles  for  Lining  Walls  of  Conservatories, 
AJiT  POTTERY,  including  JAItBINIERES, 

Table  Decorations  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &c., 

for  tlie  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WAHE,  LAMBETH  FAIENCE,  AND  THE  NEW 

SILICON  WAKE. 


Show  Rooms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 


THOMAS'S  TRAINING  TRELLISES 

No.  81.     GALVANISED  AFTER  MADE. 

For  Training  Peas  instead  of 

Training  Plants  to  Walls,  &c. 

I.v  Panels. 
6  feet  by  3  feet  ...  28.  each. 
6  feet  by  4  feet  ...  3S.  each. 
6  feet  by  6  feet  ...  4B,  each. 
Also  used  for  training  plants, 
made  any  size  to  order. 
6-inch      4-inch      S-inch      2-incli      IJ-inch  me.sh. 

2d.  3d.  3id.  4d.  4id.  per  foot  super. 

GALVANISED     WIRE     NETTING. 

Improved  Jlncliiiie-mude. 

Greatly  Reduced  Prices  per  Roll  of  60  Yards. 

2  ft.         3  ft.  4  ft.         6  ft. 

wide.      wide.       wide.       wide. 

Mesh.    s.    d.       s.    d.       s.    d.        s.    d. 

3-ln.  34  60  68  10  0 
2-ln.  46  69  90  13  6 
i;-ln.   6    6 


STEEL    BARB    WIRE. 


s.    d. 

6    0 
12    6 

i  cwt.  ...  26    0 
Special  Quotations  for  Large 
Quantities. 


100  yard  Reels 
260     , 
630     , 


J.   J.   THOMAS   &    CO., 


87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.G.; 
Works:    362,    EDGWARE    ROAD,    LONDON,    W. 

HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 


for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excelleBt  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  coat. 

Uaed  in  all  London  Parka,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing ;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  6d.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station.  Is.  8d.  per  gallon  in  casks  of  36,  20,  or 
10  gallons. 

/~fA   TJ^Tf)  A7 Every  cask  bears  the  above  Eegistered 

^-^^  J--*-yJ^y ,        Trade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 


HILL      &      SMITH 

Brierley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 


21-oz.  Foreign  of  the  ahove  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ  claas  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaueoua 
Glass  Article.H,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOITR  MERCHANTS 

34,  St,  Jolin  Street,  West  Smlthfield,  London,  E.C. 

stock  List  and  Prices  on  appliciition.     Quote  Chronicle. 


62 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHBONICLE. 


[Jdly  9,  1887. 


SILVER  SAND,  Sussex,  coarse,  24s.  and  28.*. 
per  truck  of  4  tous ;  Beilfordahirc,  .36.S. ;  and  very  best, 
40s.  per  truck  of  4  tons.  I'EAT  and  LOAM  of  the  best  quality 
by  truckloads.— W.  SHORT,  Midhurat,  SuMei. 

TANNED  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  l^d.  per 
yard;  10s.  per  100  yards;  25  yards  2  yards  wide  post- 
free  4s. :  4  yards  wide,  3(1.  per  yard  ;  20s.  per  100.  NEW 
TWINE  NETTING,  1  inch  mesh,  1  yard  wide,  2d. ;  2  yards 
wide,  M. ;  i  yards  wide.  id.  per  yard.  COTTON  NETTING, 
54  inches  wide,  19  meshes  to  square  inch.  Id.  per  yard  (best 
article  to  protect  fruit  trees,  &c.).  BAT  FOLDING  NETS,  on 
Bamboo  poles,  20s.    CLAP  NETS,  for  birds,  30s. 

W.  CULLINGFOKD,  Forest  Gate,  London,  E. 

inn  MILES   of    GARDEN    NETTING  for 

J.V/V7  Protecting  FRUIT  TREES,  SEED-BEDS,  PLANTS, 
FLOWERS.  &c.,  1-inch  mesh,  100  yards  by  2  yards,  or  60  yards 
by  4  yards,  price  10s.  each,  carriage  paid.  Hundreds  of  Testi- 
monials. Any  size  made  to  order.  Trade  supplied.  Special 
quotations  for  large  quantities.  LAWN  TENNIS  B0UND.4KY 
NETS.  HAMMOCKS,  FLAGS,  CRICKET,  SALMON,  BABBIT, 
and  FISHING  NETS. 

ABBOTT  iNT  CO.,  Net  Miinutricti.r.-ri.  Lowestoft. 

RIGBY,  WAINWRTCHT  &  C07, 

MAXUFACTUKERS, 

FSTSRE?^      Neptune  'Works,  Manchester, 
E>tlAlllrt(ja.   I 

Cotton      IVool    and      Waddi7ig 

for  Florists  and  Nur..erynien. 

Send  for  Samples  and  Prices. 


TIFFANY. 


TIFFANY. 


Fourteen  Silver 


Medals. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
Weston-super-Mare,  Manufacturer  of  TERRA  COTTA 
VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS,  BORDER 
TILES,  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality,  from  1  to  X  inches 
diameter,  stand  the  frosts,  and  seldom  turn  gree.i ;  ORCHID, 
FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING-PANS.  RHUBARB  and  SEA- 
KALE  POTS,  &c. 

Price  List  post-free.     Book  of  Designs,  Is.  6(f . 

HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,   LONDUN.  E. 


You  Should  Use 


z\ 


WARNERS  NURSERY  WATER  POTS 

WtlK  impro7ed  cpreadc 

M 


WARNER'S  WATER   BARROWS. 
WARNER'S     AQUAJECTS. 

The  very  Best.       Lists  and  Prices  oi 

JOHN        WARNER      and      SONS, 

CRESCENT  FOUNDRY,  CRIPPLEGATE,  LONDON,  E.C. 
15"  Manufacturers  of  Prize  Medal  GARDEN  ENGINES  and 
SYRINGES,  all  the  very  best  quality. 


LAWN  MOWERS 

All  the  best  makes  n  stork 
Excelsior,  Invmcible,  Godive 
Shank's.  Green's,  Ransome's, 

Garden  Skats,  Tables, 


GARDEN    ROLLERS. 

Doublt  Cylinder       "single 
20byl8in..Ws.  I  16byl6m.32s. 
22by20in.65s.     ISby  18in.35s. 
24by22iu.66s.    20by20in.45s. 
ZObva-lni.nus.  I  22by2aiu.o.'s. 

WOOD  BARROW. 

15  UiiU....  30s.  I  30  Gall....  4Hs.     Well  made  and  cheap     ...  24/6 

I  Gall...  545.     With  loose  top,  as  shown  Xiii 

O.'S  ILLUSTRATED  GARDEN  CATALOGUE 

plete  published)  free  by  Post. 

All  orders  Carriage  Paid  tu  itni/  Station,   Discount  for  Cash. 


Swing    Water-BarrowB. 


DEANE   ^  CO. 

''■'"  "st"!  e'f?""'"  I-  L  OND  ON  BR  ID  GE. 


mum  &  PAUL, 


Garden  Engine  and 

Water  Barrow 

Combined. 

ad  pt  d  fur  buth  large 

.^nd  small  gardens.     It 

13  st  rong  and  well  made 

an  1  not  liable  to  get 

out  of  ord  r 

CASH    PRICES 

(Carr  age   Paid)  : 

1-)  gallon  size,  £3  15s. 

,     £4    5s. 

.     £4  15s. 

FumpB  for  domestic 

I    g  I    len    purposes, 

rd    1  El  t  lies.  Water 

B  rrn        m  nnfaotured 

NEW  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  sent  free. 


Gather  Honey  from  Your  Flowers  " 

NEIGHBOUR'S    CELEBRATED 

BEE-HIVES 

For  taking  Honey  without 

the  Destruction  of 

the  Bees. 


Silver  Medals  and  several 
others  au^arded  to 
GEO.  NEIGHBOUR  &  SONS 


COHACE  BEEHIVE, 

as  originally  introduced  by  them, 
working  three  bell-glasses  or  tray 
of  sectional  supers,  is  neatly  and 
strongly  made  of  straw  ;  it  has 
three  windows  in  the  lower  Hive. 
This  Hive  will  be  found  to  pos- 
s-'ss  many  practical  advantages. 
and  is  more  easy  of  management 
than    any   other    that    has    been 


Price,  complete,  £1  15 
Stand  for  ditto     0  10 


THE  GUINEA    FRAME    HIVE, 

With  metal  ends  to  Standard  Frames,  and  extra  space  at  the 
sides  to  .idmit  of  chaff  or  other  packing ;  also  a  double  quilt  for 
the  cover  and  a  case  of  1  lb.    Sections  with  cover  are  included. 

Price,  vnpainted.  2lB. 

CATALOGUE  of  Improved  HIVES  and  APPLIANCES, 

with  Drawings  and  Prices. 

GEO.    NEIGHBOUR   &    SONS, 

127,  HIGH  HOLBORN,   LONDON,   W.C, 

and  149,  REGENT  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 
Kstablished  1815. 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P    P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 

Accidents   at   Home  and   Abroad. 

Railway  Accidents,  Employer's  Liability,  insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  I'ASSENGEKS'  ASSUKANOE 
COMPANY,  64,  Comhill,  London.  Income,  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,350,000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  OIBcc,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C.  j  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J,  VIAN,  Secretary. 


w 


GARDENING    APPOINTMENT. 

Mu.  W.  rKTEHS,  late  Foreman  at  Latimers, 
ha.s  been  appointed  Gardener  to  Kus.sel  Stub- 
Gis,  Esq.,  Givons  Grove,  Leatherhead,  Surrey. 

"Vr  UKiSEKYMEN      and      MARKET      GARr 

X.y  UENKKS. — An  active  experienced  Man,  able  to  take 
entire  charge,,  and  having  small  capital,  may  obtain  a  Share  of 
au  Old-established  Business  upon  beueticial  terms. — Apply, 
btating  age,  experience,  and  capital,  to  W.  1'.,  Norfolk 
Chronicle  Uttice,  Kurwieh. 

WANTED,  a  FIRST-GLASS  GARDENER. 
Must  have  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Orchids,  Stove 
Plants,  Ferns,  &c. ;  the  Forcing  of  Fruit  and  Vegetables,  and 
the  gtjneral  routine  of  Uardeuiug  iu  all  its  branches.  Un- 
exceptionable references  as  to  capabilities  and  character  indis- 
pfiisable.  Terms  £ao  per  annum.  Comiortable  house,  coals, 
uii.l  milk.— T.  F.  g.  BANNATYNK.  Somerville,  Limerick. 

/  AJNTKU,  a  GAKDExN  EK,  tor  a  City  Square. 

Good  wagea  will  be  given  to  a  superior  man,  not  under 
.ill  yeiirs  of  age.— Apply  by  lett«r  to  C.  H.,  Mr.  Parnell,  63, 
Suiiiliauipton  Kow,  W.C,  giving  references,  and  confidentially 
>.tatint,'  present  employment. 

WANTED,  as  GARDENER,  and  to  take 
Charge  of  Stock  iu  country,  a  trustworthy  married 
Man  without  family.  Wife  as  Laundress.  Cottage,  vege- 
tables, and  milk. — Write,  stating  wages  and  full  particulars, 
to  C,  Hall's  Grocery  Stores,  Jti,  Ordnance  Koad,  St.  John's 
Wood,  N.W. 

WAJSTKD,  by  the  middle  of  August,  or 
later,  a  thorough  practical  Man  as  GENERAL  PLANT 
GKOWER,  for  a  Market  Nursery.  Must  excell  in  the  Culture 
of  foinsettias,  Cyclamens,  and  Pelargoniums.  Wages,  30s. 
per  week,  and  quarterly  Bonuses  on  results.  None  need  apply 
who  cannot  produce  satisfactory  testimouials.  and  preference 
will  be  given  to  one  who  has  grown  for  Coveut  Garden. — 
TL'KNEh  BKOTHEKS.  Flori^st^,  Allerton,  Liverpool. 

Rose  Grower.  ~ 

WANTED,  a  young  iMAN,  who  has  worked 
amoog  Roses.  One  with  knowledge  of  Inside  Work 
preferred.  It  satisfactory,  situation  will  be  permanent.  Good 
wages.— WM.  CORP,  Saudygate,  Sheffield. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  to  Propagate  and 
Grow  Soft-wooded  Stuff  under  the  Foreman. — Apply, 
stating  age,  wages  required,  and  where  employed,  to  GAKA- 
WAV  ANl>  CO.,  JJurdham  Down,  Clifton,  Bristol. 

ANTED,  a  good  UHOWEK   for  Market. 

— Muit  understand  Koses,  Tomatos,  Cucumbers,  and 
Plants  for  Market.  Must  bear  a  good  character.  Abstainer 
prLleired.— State  wages  and  age  to  GKOWER,  41,  Wellington 
btrf.>i,  Strand,  W.C. 

\\ 'ANTED,  a   thorough   practical   MAN,  to 

T  T  take  charge  of  a  Nursery,  near  London.  Must  have 
t;ui.nl  references. — Address,  stutiug  wages  required,  by  letter 
u>il>,  A.  B.,  1^31.  High  Road,  Lee.  S.E. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  good  general 
Plant  Grower,  quick  at  fottiug.  Tying, and  Watering; 
al^o  I'KOPAGATOR,  used  to  Ferns,  Koses,  and  Eucharis  Houses. 
None  need  applv  unless  thoroughly  accustomed  to  Nursery 
Wurk.— WM.  TKOL'GHTON,  Nurserj-man,  Preston. 

WAN'TED; "at  on CE,  a  ROSE  BUDDEK. 
Must  be  a  thorough  good  hand,  and  used  to  Outdoor 
Nursery  Work.  State  wages  expected,  &c. — GEO.  HAVE- 
LOCK.  Abbey  Wood  Nurseries,  Belvedere,  Kent. 

XA/ANTED,    a  j'oung   MAN,    accustomed   to 

V  >  I'ottiug,  WaleniiK,  uu,l  Tviiif-.  Wag,-s  1S<.  jlt  week. 
—  li.lUAWAY  ASD  CO..  iJunlljiim  Iiu«o,  Clillou.  llnslul. 

\\/ANTED7aT  UNL'E,  one  or  two  Young 

T  T        MEN,   used  to   Potting,  Watering,   and  Tying  for 
Mr.    MtPWOOD,    Cowlf"    """     "--■'      iJ-i-lJ  — 
JIiddle.<ex 


w 


Mnrliet.— Mr.    ORPWOOD,    Cowley    Mill    Koad,     Uibridge, 


V\/" ANTED,  a  strong,  active  young  MAN,  for 

T  f  Pleasure-grounds.  One  used  to  Scythe  Work.  Wages, 
i;s.— Apply,  stating  age,  H.  PEKKIN,  Woolpits,  Ewhurst, 
Guildford. 

Nursery  Clerk. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  efficient  MAN.— 
Apply,  stating  age,  qualifications,  salary  expected, 
with  other  particulars,  NURSERY,  Messrs.  Jacob  Wrench  & 
Sonn,  London  Bridge,  London,  E.C. 

WANT     PLACES. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
&c.— St.  John's  Nu 


i^COTCH  GAUDENEK8. 

O  —John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

B~S7~WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF.  FOREMAN,  or  JOURNEY- 
MAN. Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the  above  will 
please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  test  selections  for  the 
different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 

Oardeners,  Under  Gardeners.  BalllffB,  &c. 

WM.  CUT15U811  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whosechnrarters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  abos'e  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  firstrclass 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.Cutbush  &Son,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


July  9,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


65,: 


Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  KECOMMEND  with  every  eonti- 
dence.  energetio  ami  practical  MEN  ot  teated  ability  and 
tirst-mte  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establishments, 
or  Sino-le-handei.1  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticular by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged.— JOHN  LAING 
AND  CO..  The  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Viueyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  MA.N.  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments 

ORCHID  GROWER  and  GARDENER.— 
J.  Eyes,  for  several  years  Head  Gardeuer  and  Orcliid 
Grower  to  the  late  John  Tattersall.  Esq.,  of  Quarry  Bank. 
Blackburn,  and  for  the  laat  six  years  Orchid  Grower  and  Gar- 
dener to  J.  C.  Parr,  Esq.,  of  Grappenhall,  Heyes,  Warrington, 
is  nnw  open  to  take  the  Management  of  a  Garden  where  there 


GARDENER  (Heab),  or  ORCHID 
GRO\VER.~Age  39.  married,  youngest  child  10  years  ; 
thoroughly  practical.  Good  experience.  Well  recommended. 
—HEAD  GARDENER.  Exotic  Nursery.  Chigwell.  Essex. 

GARDENER    (Head).  —  Age   31,   married; 
sixteen  years'  good  practical  experience.  Good  clianu'ter. 
— W..  18,  Hillside  Grove.  Southgnte.  N. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  40,  single ;  has 
filled  a  similar  situation  ;  good  testimonials*  as  to  Fruit 
and  Flowers.  Good  references. — A.  F.,  27,  Carlisle  Place. 
London,  W. 

ARDENER    (Head).— Mr.    Davies,    Gar- 
dener to  A.  O.  Walker.  Esq.,  Lead  Works,  Cliester,  will 
be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman,  E.  T.  Jones^  to  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiringa  practical  Gardeuer.     Two  years" 
cood  character.- Add res.s  as  alK>ve. 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Thoroughly  expe- 
rienced in  Vines,  Fruit  Trees,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants.  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Eighteen  years'  expe- 
rience. Good  references  and  character.- RUSE,  Lostwithiel. 
Cornwall.  


GARDENER  (Head). — Married;  experienced; 
thoroughly  qualified  in  all  Horticultural  branches. 
Holder  of  unsurpassable  testimonials.— Full  particulars  gladly 
furnished  on  application  to  PHILLIPS.  137,  Victoria  Road, 
Aldershot. 

GARDENER  (Head);  married,  no  family.— 
A  Gentleman  wishes  to  highly  recommend  his  late 
Head  Gardener,  John  Gore,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring 
the  services  of  a  thorough  practical  Gardener.— JOHN  GORE, 
Polegate.  Sussex. _^ 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  30.— Mr.  Ward, 
Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lady  Emily  Foley,  Stoke 
Edith  Park.  Hereford,  can  with  confidence  recommend  his 
Foreman,  Henry  Slarke,  to  any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  re- 
quiring the  services  of  a  thorough  practical  man.— Fur  par- 
ticulars  apply  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  35 ;  married,  two 
children.  Twenty  years' practical  experience  Energetic, 
industrious,  trustworthy,  and  has  first-class  abilities  and  per- 
sonal character.  A  good  Garden  and  Glass  sought  after  more 
than  high  wages.  Total  abstainer.- INDUSTRIOUS.  F.  Price. 
Ewell  &ad,  Surbiton. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Married ;  athorougly 
practical  man  ;  well  versed  in  all  branches,  including 
Orchids.  Can  be  well  recommended.  Four  and  a  half  years' 
good  character.  Abstainer. — B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office. 
41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  three  are  kept. — Married,  no  family  ;  is  open  to  engage 
with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  as  above.  —  Mr.  MERRY- 
WEATHER,  Tlie  Nurseries.  Southwell.  Notts. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  three  are  kept. — Age  27,  single ;  thoroughly  expe- 
rienced. Excellent  character.- Z.  Z.,  Wellington  Nursery, 
St.  John's  Wood.  N.W. 


G -GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Married, 
\  without  family;  desires  re-engagement  with  Lady  or 
Gentleman  requiring  theservies  of  a  good  practical  man.  Good 
references. — T..  6,  Bedford  Terrace,  East  Finchley,  N. 

GARDENER  (Heap  Working).  —  Age  35, 
married  ;  twenty  years'  experience  in  Early  aud  Lale 
Forcing.  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Management  of 
Land  and  Stock  if  required.  Good  characfj?r.— GARDENER, 
2,  Florence  Street,  Heudon^ 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).- Mr. 
F0RBE9,  Gardener  to  W.  Drury  Lowe.  Esq..  Locke  Park, 
near  Derby,  can  highly  recommend  his  Foreman.  Frederick 
Beney,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  Gar- 
dener.    Fourteen  years'  experience. — Address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working);  age  34.— 
A  Gentleman,  breaking  up  establishment,  wishes  to 
recommend  his  Gardener,  who  haa  been  with  him  five  years,  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man. 
Well  versed  in  every  department.  Wages  moderate. — J.  TIM- 
SON,  Shirley  Croft.  Grantham. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  three 
or  four  are  kept. — Age  28 ;  eleven  years"  experience 
in  first-class  establishments,  and  understands  Vines,  Peaches, 
Melons.  Cucumbers,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardens,  &c. — R.  B.,  The  Gardens.  Highams, 
Bagshot,  Sxirrey. 


GARDENER  (Head,  or  good  Single- 
handed).— Married  ;  thorough  in  itarly  and  Late 
Forcing,  Fruits.  Flowers.  Vegetables,  &c.  Stt-ady,  trust- 
worthy. Present  place  eight  aiid  a  half  years  as  Head.— H., 
19.  Bonsall  Road,  West  Derby.  Liverpool. 


GARDENER.— A  Gentleman  wishes  to  find 
a  place  for  a  Gardener  who  has  been  in  his  service  many 
years.  Industrious,  sober,  and  honest.  Excellent  at  Kitchen 
Garden  Work.— D.  JANSON,  Esq..  Northfield.  Chislehurat. 


GARDENER  (Working);  age  49.— £10  per 
cent,  from  first  year's  salary  offered  for  an  introduction 
to  a  permanent  situation  by  a  well-known  Working  Gardener. 
Highly  recommended  by  late  employers  fcr  ability,  probity, 
and  perseverance.  Southwards  essential.  —  GARDENER, 
9.  Warwick  Road,  Stratford-on-Avon. 


GARDENER  (Single-handep,  or  where 
another  is  kept). — Age  21,  single  ;  good  experience,  and 
five  years'  good  character.- W.  HESTER,  Tnrville,  Henley-on- 
Thames.  Oxon. 


GARDENER  (Second  or  Single-handed). 
— Age2.'>;  ten  years' exjierience  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession.  Good  character.— McLAREN,  Purbrook  Park, 
Coshiim.  Hants. 

GARDENER  (good  Second).  —  Age  26, 
single ;  accustomed  to  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Forcing.  &c.  Three  years'  character  from  last  place. — A.  M.. 
Fairview  Cottage,  Garfield  Street.  Bedford. 


GARDENER   (Second),   where   cottage 
or   rooms    are    found    preferred.  —  Young,    married. — 
F.  R.  F..  3.  Vernon  Cottages.  College  Street,  Putney.  S.W. 


G 


ARDENER     (Second),    in    Pleasure    or 

Kitchen,  or  botli  combined.— Age  2^;  good  references, 
years'  experience.— IJ.  WELCH,    Stanlopo  Koad,  North 


GARDENER  (Under),  Inside  or  Out.— Age 
22  ;  can  be  well  recommended.— W.  NORMAN,  Weobley, 
Herefordshire^ 

GARDENER   (Under),   in  Kitchen  Garden, 
anil    to  assist   in   the   houses.— Age  21 ;    good  -Mower. 
Two  years'good  character. — J.,  29.  Canterbury  Road,  Folkestone. 


GARDENER  (Under,  in  large  establishment. 
—Age   24  ;    good   references.- FRED.  NEVILLE,    near 
Gas  Works.  Bishop's  Stortford.  Herts. 


GARDENER  (Under),  Inside  and  Out,  in 
large  or  small  establishment. — Age  24  ;  four  years'  good 
character.— G.  W.,  Mr.  Wilkins,  Layhamea,  Hayes,  Becken- 
ham,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Under),  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  lil  ;  used  to  Inside  and  Out.  Four  years' experi- 
ence. Two  years'  good  character.  —  D.  Y..  W.  H.  Broom, 
12.  Richmond  Crescent.  Barnsbury.  London,  N. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Market  Growers. 

FOREMAN,  or  LEADING  MAN.— Age  28; 
experienced  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Grower,  expert  Budder 
and  Grafter.  General  routine  of  Nursery  Work.  Good  Sales- 
man. Highly  recommended  —J.  SPONG,  The  Gardens,  Lindis- 
farne,  Bournemouth^ 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age  llt^ ' 
twelve  years'  good  experience.  Can  be  well  recommended* 
Abstainer.— Present  address,  WILLIAM  MOYES.  Cargreen 
Hall.  Cornwall. 

FOREMAN. — Age  26;  ten  years'  experience  in 
Fruit  and  Plant  Houses.  Good  testimonials.  Two  years 
in  last  place  as  Foreman.— G.  MARSH,  46,  Woolcot  Street, 
Redland,  Bristol.   

FOREMAN,  in  a  Private  Establishment. — Age 
24  ;  well  up  in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants ;  also  Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  Flowers,  Fruit,  and 
Vegetables.  Has  a  good  knowledge  of  Orchids.  Can  be  well 
recommended. — F,  B.,  11.  Asliburnham  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

FOREMAN  (Working),  Outdoors.— Alpha 
desires  re-engagement;  well  up  in  Eoses,  Fruits,  Conifers, 
and  general  Nursery  Work.  Excellent  references.  Fifteen 
years^  experience.— Coffee  House.  Powick.  Worcester. 

OREMAN      (Working).   —  Experienced. 

Well  up  in  Growing  Grapes,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos, 
Ctioice  Cut  Flowers,  Plants,  Pelargoniums.  Bouvardias, 
Cyclamens,  and  Ferns  for  Market  or  otherwise.— E.  TULLETT, 
Horeham  Road,  by  Hawkhurst.  Sussex. 

ARKET    NURSERY    FOREMAN.— Prac- 

tical  and  successful  Propagator  and  Grower  of  Hard 
and  Soft-wooded  Stuff,  Ferns.  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Lilies. 
&c.  Good  references  from  late  and  former  employer.— F.  D., 
20,  Blurton  Road.  Lower  Clapton,  E. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR,  or  MANAGER. 
— Through  long  experience  well  acquainted  with  all 
branches  of  Horticulture.- PHILLIP,  23,  Chichester  Road, 
Northend.  Portsmouth. 


PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER.  —  Age  30; 
fifteen  years'  experience  in  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Tomatos  and  Cucumbers.  Market  Nursery  preferred.— -T.  B., 
7,  Reform  Terrace,  Park  Lane.  Tottenham,  London. 

ROPAGATOR  and   GROWER,   or    FORE- 

MAJJ,  in  a  small  Nursery. — Age  28,  married ;  fourteen 
years'  experience.  Good  references.— H.  EDEN,  2,  Westley 
Brook  Cottages,  Warwick  Road.  Acock's  Green. 

G^  ROWER,  or  ASSISTANT,  of  Vines,  Peaches, 
T  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  &('.  Eleven  years'  experience 
in  three  first-class  establishments.  Can  be  well  recommended. 
—J.  CLARK,  The  Hardwicks,  Caldecot.  Chepstow,  Mon. 

JOURNEYMAN    (First),  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  23 ;  can  be  well  recommended.— (J.  GREEP,  Green- 
cliff,  Milton,  Horrabridge,  South  Devon. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses.- 
Age  22  ;  five  years'  experience.  Good  knowledge  of  Fruits 
and  Flowers.  Three  years*  character  in  last  situation.  — 
CHARLES  SMITH,  Smolley,  Derby. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses,  in  a 
good  Garden  estabU.shment. — Age  22  ;  eight  years'  expe- 
rience. Two  years  in  present  place.  Highly  recommended. — 
F.  PRICE,  Ewell  Road,  Surbiton. 


JOURNEYMAN    (First).  — Age    23;    nine 

fj  years'  experience  Inside  and  Out.  Excellent  character 
and  references  from  previous  employers.  —  J.  SIMPSON, 
Aldborough,  Borobridge,  Yorkshire. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in    the   Houses.— Age   2f ; 
good  references.— G.  BEECHER,  Havering  Park,    near 
Romford.  Essex. 


JOURNEYMAN;   age  22.— Mr.   Biggs,   The 
Gardens,  Garnatone.  Weubley,    Herefordshire,    wishes  to 
recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in   the   Houses.— Age   21; 
six   years'   experience.     Good   character. — HEAD    GAR- 
DENER. Westbury  Manor.  Brackley. 

JOURNEY'MAN,  in   the   Houses,  in    a   good 
establishment.— Age  22.— W.    HARRIS,    The    Quarter, 
Staplehurst,  Kent. 

JOURNEYMAN     (Outdoors).— Mr.    Clarkk, 
Gardener  to   W.   H.  Pole  Carew,  Esq,,    Antony  House, 
Devonport,  can  recommend  a  first-class  man  as  such. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  or  Second 
in  a  small  place. —  Age  23;  good  ciiaracter.  Total 
abstainer.~W.  CLEAVLAND.  14.  Belsize  Park  Terrace,  Belsize 
Lane,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

TMPROVER;  age  I'J.— Mr.  Goabing,  Weald 

-L  Hall  Gardens,  Brentwood,  wishes  to  recommend  a  strong 
intelligent  youth.  Four  years'  experience  and  reference. 
Moderate  Premium. 

''PC    NURSERYMEN     and    MARKET 

_L  GARDENERS.— Advertiser,  age  27,  married,  requires  a 
situation  in  tlie  Houses  or  Outride.  Fourteen  years'  practical 
experience  in  Nursery  and  Market  Work. — Apply,  G.  S.,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

TO  NURSERYMEN  and  MARKET 
GROWERS. —Wanted  by  a  young  man  (age  21),  tax 
engagement.  Experienced  in  Soft-wooded  Propagation, Potting, 
&e.  Industrious  and  sober.  Can  be  well  recommended. — 
RU.  LAWRENCE,  Royal  Nurseries,  Merriott. 

ANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN.  — 

Wanted,  by  competent  Seedsman,  Florist,  and  Book- 
keeper, engagement  as  Manager  or  Head  Shopman.  Thirteen 
years'  experience  with  leading  firms  in  every  department. 
First-class  references.  Age  liB,  married.— CORNUTA,  Hillside, 
Canterbury  Grove.  West  Norwood,  S.E. 

SEED  TRADE.— Situation  wanted  by  a  Gentle- 
man,  with  thorough  knowledge  of  Agricultural  Seeds 
and  General  Office  Work.— SEEDSMAN,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant). — Age  21 ;  live  years' 

kJ  experience.  Good  general  knowledge  of  the  Seed  Trade 
in  all  its  branches.— .JN(».  i'EKKlNS  and  SON,  Northampton. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

BOOK-KEEPEii. — Wanted,  by  a  man  of  much 
experience,  a  position  as  Book-keeper.  Highest  refer- 
ences as  to  ability,  stability,  and  integrity. — J.  B.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  WeUingtou  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

TNVOICE  CLERK.— The  Advertiser  (age  22) 

-L  seeks  situation  as  above,  or  no  objection  to  Assist  in  General 
Office  Work.  Eight  years'  experience. — T.  JUDD,  Windmill 
Street.  Cheshunt,  N. 

''PO  FLuRISTS.— Wanted  a  situation  in  a  good 

-L  Florist  Shop.  Thoroughly  experienced  in  Plants,  Cut 
Flowers,  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making.  Age  24.  Eight  years' 
experience.  First-class  testimonials. — LOVEDAY,  Woodbine, 
Victoria  Road,  Worthing. 

''I'^O  SEEDSMEN,  &c.— Wanted  a  situation  in 

JL  a  Seed  Shop.  Six  years'  experience.  Fully  versed  in 
Garden  and  Field  Seeds,  Making-up  Flowers,  and  the  Fancy 
Trade.--G.  PIERPOINT,  18,  Railway  Street.  Lancaster. 

PACKER  (Second  or  Under),  in  a  large 
Nursery. — Well  up  in  Basket,  Bundle,  and  Packing  Cases 
for  Exportation.  Some  years  with  Cranston's  Nursery  and 
Seed  Company  (Limited).— H.  W.,  Mrs.  Heale,  86,  Whitecross 
Road,  Hereford. 

'-po     ESTATE     OWNERS.— Wanted,   by     a 

_1_     young  Man,  situation  as  Painter,  Glazier,  Grainer,  &c.. 


Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


HOLLO  WAY'S  PILLS.  —  Indigestion  and 
Liver  Complaints.  —  The  digestion  cannot  be  long  or 
seriously  disordered  without  the  derangement  being  percep- 
tible on  the  countenance.  These  Pills  prevent  both  uupleasant 
consequences  ;  they  improve  the  appetite,  and  with  the 
increase  of  desire  for  food  they  augment  the  powers  of  diges- 
tion and  assimilation  in  the  stomach.  Holloway's  Pills  deal 
most  satisfactorily  with  deranged  or  diseased  conditions  of  the 
many  organs  engaged  in  extracting  nourishment  for  our  bodies 
from  our  various  diets — as  the  liver,  stomach  and  bowels,  over 
all  of  which  they  exercise  the  most  salutary  control.  By 
resorting  at  an  early  stage  of  this  malady  to  these  purifying 
and  laxative  Pills,  the  dyspeptic  is  speedily  restored  to  health 
and  strength,  and  his  sallowness  gradually  vanishee. 


64 


TSE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  9,  1887. 


PORTABLE     PLANT     FRAMES. 

The  ubove  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
posat-ss  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  to  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  \vith  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted : — 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     £2  15    0 
12feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         ,.  ,.         .,  4  15     0 

ti  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         ..  3  \o    0 

\2  feet  long,  5  feet  wide 6  10    0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

B.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Eugiueers, 
ROYAL    HORTICULTI'RAL    WORKS,    MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent :  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedaman,  &c., 

2,  Holloway  Eoad,  N. 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER. 

Hot- water  Pipes  and 
Fittings 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

SADDLE,  VERTICAL,  and  OTHER 
BOILEBS. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangement 

For  GREENHOUSES,  &C. 

All  kinds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDBATTLIC  BAMS  AND    PUMPING  MACHINERY    FOB    ALL    PtTBPOSES. 

STABLE  and    HARNESS    ROOM    FITTINGS,    ENGINES,   BOILERS,   and    MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE    HILL    WORKS,    NEWCASTLE,    STAFFORDSHIRE. 


CONTBACTOBS    TO    HEB    MAJESTY'S    WAB    DEPABTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"   LONDON). 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


CAST-IRON     SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  AND  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated   CATALOGUE,  11  th  Edition,  price  Is. 

Price  LIST  on  application  Free. 
HOT-WATER     AND    HOT-AIR    APPARATUS 

ERECTED  COMPLETE,  OR  THE  MATERLVL  SUPPLIED, 


PATENT    RELIANCE    ROTARY 
VALVES. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


Fbom 


To 


W.  RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellinqton  Stebbt,  Strand, 
LONDON,  W.C. 


1887. 


Please     send    me     "The      Gardeners'      Chronicle"     for 


Months, 


commencing 


_,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0. 


gj^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE   UNITED  KINGDOM :  —  12  Months,  lbs. ;    6  Months,  7s.  M. ;   3  Months,  3s.  Qd. ;  Po8l>free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17s.  &d.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  19*.  6d. 

Receipts  for  lesa  than  six  months'  subscription  will  not  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.  0.0.  to  he 


at  the  Post  Office,  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


O.  C. 
July  9,  1887. 


Editorial  Communications  should  bo  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher."  at  the  OIBoe,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Oovent  Qanien.  London.  W.C. 
Printed  by  William  RloaABDS,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  BBiDBUBy,  Ao.-(KW  4  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  published  by  the 
said  WmuM  BloaABDS,  at  the  Offloe,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  ot  St.  Paul's,  Co»ent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— SAXOBOAX,  July  B,  1887.    Agent  for  Manchester— JoHS  HErwooD. 


Established  i84i 


No.  29.-VOL.  II.  gi^Z} 


SATURDAY,  JULY  16,  1887. 


/Regt.  as  a  Newspaper,  f  Price    3d. 

\WITH      SUPPLEMENT.\    P08T-FSEB,  3H. 


CONTENTS. 

I    Hardy  plants,  stray  notes 


ChamEerops  Fortune! 


Cirrbopetalum       Lendya- 

Codooopais  ovata  . 

Coelogyne  c 

Copt  Hail 

Daisies,  double  Ox-eye   ... 

Dendrobium      purpureum 

candidulum       

Ferns  and  their  varieties, 


,  the 


Forestry 

,.     School  of       79 

Fruits  under  glass           ...  77 
Gardeners'OrphanFund.eS.  80 

Gardening    appointments  90 

Goodrich  Court,  notes  at .  81 

Hatfield      79 


Illustrations. 

Bouquet,  the  Jubilee.    (See  Supplement.) 

Coelogyne  corj'mbosa         

Hatfield  House        

,,    peristyle,  or  piazza  garden 

„    avenue  of  trained  Yews     

„     Oakgat  

,,    vineyard  at 

Nail-gall  on  Lime  trees    

Vase,  Imperial  Prize  


Inventions,  new 

Kitchen  garden,  the 

Lychnis,  hybrid 

Odontoglossum    -f-    eua5< 
trum        

Orchid-hoxises        

Orchids,  Indian     

Origanum  Tournefortii  .. 
Peeonies  and  Delphiniumt 

Plants  and  their  culture 
Societies  r — 

Bath  Floral  Fete 

Braintree  

Brighton  and  Sussex    .. 

Crystal  Palace  Rose     .. 

National  Rose 

Reigate  Ro!*e       

Royal  Caledonian 

Royal  Horticultural     .. 
Technical  education 
Watering       plants,       th 


Now  ready,  in  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series.  JAN.  to  JUNE.  1887. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


HIGHGATE     HORTICULTURAL 
SOCEETY. 
The  ANNUAL  FLOWER  SHOW  vnW  be  held  (by  permission 
of  the  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts)  in  the  Grounds  of  Holly  Lodge, 
Highgate.  N.,  on  THURSDAY.  July  21. 

Admission  :— From  1  o'clock  till  3  o'clock,  2s.  Gd.  ;  from 
3  o'clock  till  5  o'clock,  Is. ;  from  5  o'Clock  till  8  o'Clock,  6(f. 
Children  half-price. 

Two  Bands  in  attendance.     Refreshments  on  the  Grounds. 

OYAL     JUBILEE      EXHIBITION, 

Manchester. 
A  GRAND  ROSE  SHOW  will  be  held  on  FRIDAY,  July  22. 
For  Schedules.  &c..  apply  to  the  undersigned. 
BRUCE  FINDLAY.  Royal  Botanical  Gardens,  Manchester. 

HE     LIVERPOOL      HORTICULTURAL 

ASSOCIATION. 
The  EIGHTH  GRAND  SUMMER  EXHIBITION  of  PLANTS, 
FLOWERS.  FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES,  will  be  held  in  Sefton 
Park,  on  SATURDAY,  July  30,  and  Bank  Holiday,  AUGUST  1. 
Entries  Close  July  23.  Schedules  of  Prizes  can  be  had  on  appli- 
cation to 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE  HORTI- 
CULTURAL SOCIETY. 
GREAT  SUMMER  SHOW,  Delapre  Park.  Northampton, 
AUGUST  1  (Bank  Holiday).— TWO  HUNDRED  and  FIFTY 
POUNDS  in  PRIZES.  For  best  Twelre  Plants.  «I6,  £10,  £.5, 
£2  105.  Central  group  for  conservatory  decoration,  £9,  £6, 
£2  10s.  Twenty-four  Roses,  £3,  £_>,  £1.  Entries  close  July  20. 
Schedules  and  full  particulars  from 
W.  B.  TROUP,  Secretary.  Northampton. 

SHROPSHIRE      HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
SUMMER    SHOW    (open    to   all),    AUGUST    17    and    18. 
Twenty  Plants,  £25,  £20.  £15.    Collection  of  Fruit,  £10,  £6. 
£3.    For  Grapes,  £44.     Collection  of  Vegetables,  8  sorts,  £5, 
£3,  £2,  £1.    Schedules  and  full  particulars  from 
Messrs.  ADNTTT  ahd  NAUNTON,  Shrewsbury,  Hon.  Sees, 


MATLOCK  BATH  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  SIXTEENTH  ANNUAL  EXHtBITION,  SATURDAY, 
August  13.  £16,  £10,  £5,  for  Group  of  Miscellaneous  Plants, 
arranged  for  effect  (250  feet).  £2.  £1,  lOi.,  8  dishes  Fruit. 
£2,  £1,  lOj..  4  bunches  Grapes ;  £.■>  5s.  for  other  Grapes;  and 
other  good  Prizes  in  open  class.     For  Schedules  apply, 

A.  CLARK,  Matlock  Bath. 


PRIMULAS  and  CINERARIAS. 
Finest  collection  of  named  kinds. 

We  have  a  few  thousands  of  the  finest  strain,  our  own  seed- 
lings, and  it  is  almost  certain  some  will  prove  far  beyond  any- 
thing before  seen,  as  they  are  all  from  our  well-known  hybrid- 
ised seed.     Unapproached  sorts. 

PRIMULAS,  U.  Gd.  per  dozen.  11*.  per  100;  in  pots,  16s. 
per  100. 

CINERARIAS.  Is.  per  dozen.  7s.  per  100;  in  pots,  12i.  per  100. 
H.  CANNELL  and  SONS.  The  Home  of  Flowers,  Swanley.  Kent. 


PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— 
Eighteenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  Is.  6d.  per  dozen  ;  10s.  per  100.  CINKRAItlAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Volonte  Nationale  alba, 
the  best  winter  white  PELARGONIUM,  strong  rooted  plants. 
Is.  each. 

JOHN  STEVENS.  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 


A  Few  Large  Healtli7 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica.     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamserops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 

E    L    W    A    Y         T^         SON, 

KELWAY-S    "MODEL"    CALCEOLARIA. 
KEL WAY'S    "MODEL"    CINERARIA. 
Price  of  Seed  on  application. 
Langport,    Somerset. 


K 


Fancy  and  Show  Fansles  and  Violas. 

JOHN  DOWNIE  (late  of  the  Firm  of  Downie 
&  Laird)  invites  inspection  of  his  magnificent  collection 
of  the  above  at  his  Beechill  Nursery,  Murrayfield,  Edinburgh. 
Quality  only  grown. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY.— 
The  Tery  best  for  forcing.     Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


The  New  Raspberry ! 

LORD  BEACONSEIELU.— A  Seedling. 
Finest  Raspberry  and  best  cropper  in  England.  First- 
class  Certificate  awarded  by  the  Roval  Horticultural  Society. 
1883.  Now  to  be  seen  in  full  fruit.  Fruitery  2J  miles  from 
Kintbury  Station,  G.W.R.  Nurserv'men  and  Gardeners  are  in- 
vited to  an  inspection.— A.  FAULKNOR,  Inkpen,  Hungerford. 

EACHES  !  NECTARINES  !  GRAPES  !  &c. 

— Highest  Market  Prices  guaranteed  for  really  good  and 
well  packed  fruit  of  above.— WISE  and  RIDES.  Covent  Garden. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 
Nurserymen,  Sidcup,  and  286.  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,    Covent    Garden,    W.C..    are    open    to    RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxesand  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION.  SIDCUP." 


WANTED,  a  few  CAMELLIAS  of  Alba 
Plena  and  Fimbriata.  good  healthy  plants,  from  3  to 
4  feet  through,  and  4  to  5  feet  high,  well  furnished  and  set 
with  bud  to  top  of  pot.  State  lowest  price.  Delivered  free  at 
Chichester  Station.— To  GARDENER.  Wood  End.  Chichester. 


WANTED,  Large  PALMS,  TREE  FERNS, 
and  other  large  ORNAMENTAL  FOLIAGED  PLANTS, 
in  EXCHANGE  for  ORCHIDS  or  OTHER  PLANTS.  Send  full 
particulars  to 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  COMPANY  (John 
Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries,  Garston, 
Liverpool. 


To  Potato  Growers  and  Others. 

WANTED,  as  soon  a.s  ready,  a  quantity  of 
New  Crop  VICTOR  POTATOS— must  be  quite  true. 
State  probable  quantity  to  offer,  and  lowest  price  for  cash, 
delivered  in  London. 

VICTOR,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Primula  cUnense,  fl.  albo-pleno. 

DOUBLE  "WHITE  PRIMUL  A.— 
From  small  pots.  30x.  per  100  ;  from  pans,  pricked  off, 
well-rooted  cuttings.  20s.  Free  to  any  railway  station  in  the 
United  Kingdom.  Good  arrival  guaranteed.  Price  for  larger 
quantities  on  application. 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jr..  Breslau,  Germany. 


ORCHIDS. — A  Clergyman  in  the  Khassiah 
Hills.  Assam,  can  send  DENDROBIUMS,  CYPRIPEDI- 
UMS,  COELOGYNES.  VANDA  CCERULEA,  &c.,  at  rea-sonable 
rates.— Address,  The  CHAPLAIN,  Shillong,  Assam,  India. 

RIMULAS,  Double  White,  tine  plants,  40«. 
per  100.    BOUVARDIAS,  in  eight  best  sorts,  good,  30».  per 
100.     TREE   CARNATION'S,  good  bushy  stuff,  of  A.  Alega- 
tiSre  (scarlet)  and  Miss  Joliffe  (best  pink),  30i.  per  100. 
W.   JACKSON,  Blakedown,  near  Kidderminster. 

PRIMULA,    Double   White,    5s.    per   dozen, 
35j.   per  100. 
Price  for  quantities  on  application. 
Terms,  Cash  with  Order. 
TAYLOR  AND  CO.,  Nurserymen.  Timperley.  Cheshire. 

Ferns— Fems-Fems. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pota,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS,"    LONDON. 

New  Boses  In  Pots. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  sorts  now  ready, 

Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA    and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  5-inch  pot9.  carefully 

packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  155. 
HALF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  85. 
EWDIG  AND  CO., 
Sea  View  Nurseries,    Havant,    Hampshire. 

Camellias.  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orclilds, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseeyman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wbolesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  A.\D  SON.  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars.  London,  E.C. 

Cheap  Hothouse  Fruit. 

PEACHES  and  NECTARINES,  6s.  per  dozen. 
Hamburgh    GRAPES,    3j.  per  pound;    White  Muscats, 
4j.  per  pound.    Fine  fruit.    Families  supplied  any  distance. 
Terms  cash  with  order. 
W.  ROWE.  Gardener,  Sawston,  near  Cambridge. 

STRAWBERRIES  for  Forcing.— W.  Lovel 
tc  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3i.— W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

To  tlie  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 

To  Orchid  Growers. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  as,  Leadenhall  Street, 
•  London,  are  offering  splendid  PEAT,  in  fact  no  better 
obtainable.  Samples  can  be  seen  at  above  address,  or  forwarded 
on  application  if  required. 

EAT,  LOAM,  SAND,  &c.— Splendid  Brown 

Fibrous  PEAT  (full  of  fibre),  9s.  per  vard  ;  Yellow  Fibrous 
LOAM  (best  in  England),  10s.  per  ton;  SILVER  SAND  (coarse 
and  fine),  10s.  per  ton.      Each  in  truckloads.     COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE  REFUSE,  20s.  per  large  truckload.    Send  for  List. 
BRINKWORTH  and  SONS,  Reading. 

lELD    AND     HEARSON'S    NICOTYL 

VAPORISER.      For    the    Destruction    of   Aphis,    &.C., 
WITHOUT  SMOKE.     CATALOGUE  post-tree. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.,   75i,  Queen  Victoria  Street, 
E.C. ;  Dep6t,  Swan  Ptace,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E. 


66 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JuLT  16,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 


Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7448.) 
OXCIDIUM    M.VC'KlNTlirM.— RECEIVED    DIKECT. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVKNS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Rooms.  ;1S,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden. 
W.C.,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  July  21,  at  liall-pist  12  o'clock 
precisely,  some  splendid  pieces  of  ONOIDIUM  MACRAN- 
THU.M  (the  best  known  variety),  collected  and  sent  home  by 
Mr.  F.  C.  Lehmann,  just  received  in  fine  condition  ;  aWo  an 
importation  ot  I,.SLIA  DAYANA,  L.  PERRINII,  ONCIBIUM 
ROGERSIl,  O.  CRISPUIM,  SOPHRONITIS,  and  other  BRA- 
ZILIAN ORCHIDS,  received  direct ;  about  100  lots  otOKCIIIDS 
in  FLOWER  and  BUD.  including  many  fine  varieties,  &c. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 

CATTLEYA    DOWIANA. 

CATTLEYA   SKINNERI. 

Received  direct  for  unreserved  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
include  in  their  SALE  on  TUESDAY  NEXT,  July  Hi.  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,    eleven  Cases  of    the    above. 


Friday  Next. 

CATTLEYA  MOSSI.^;, 
CATTLEYA  DOWIANA, 
CATTLEYA  SKINNERI. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Central  Auction  Rooms,  67  and  tiS,  Cheapside.  E.C.,  on 
FRIDAY'  NEXT,  July  22,  at  Half-past  12  o'clock  precisely, 
A  splendid  importation  of  CATTLEYA  MOSSI/E,  collected 


in  the  best  district  from  whence  come  the  finest 
the  plants  have  arrived  in  excellent  order,  are  well  leaved,  and 
of  fine  shape.  Also  a  very  fine  lot  of  the  extremely  beautiful 
and  rare  CATTLEYA  DOWIANA,  with  sound  dormant  eyes ; 
this  valuable  Orchid  is  now  very  scarce  in  its  native  habitat. 
Fine  importations  of  CATTLEYA  SKINNERI  will  also  be 
offered;  also  La'lia  purpurata,  Cattleya  Dormaniana,  C.  inter- 
media, Oiicidiuin  M:irsliallianum,  Cattleya  superba  splondens, 
Oncidiuni  iia|.iln)  iinjiis.  O.  varicosum  Rogersii,  Zygopetalum 
ro»tratiiin.  Sfaiiii.ipi.;!  ^ppcies,  and  many  other  Orchids. 
(ill  M,  «  m.inuiisr  of  Sale,  and  Cat;ilugm-9  had. 


Flowering  OrcWds.    Special  Sale,  July  26. 

MES.'-iRS.  I'KOTUEUOK  and  MORRIS 
a.jstri.  tf..itiiiounoi-  tli:it  th.-ir  NEXl'  .Sl'ECIAL  SALE  ot 
ORCHIDS  in  Flower  or  Hiid  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY. 
July  2ii.  for  which  they  will  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  NOTICE  of 
E.NTRIES  as  early  as  posssble. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

IMPORTANT  to  the  TRADE. 

MESSES.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
desire  to  notify  that  thev  have  now  arranged  to  conduct 
their  usual  SALES  of  DUTCH  BULBS  during  the  coming  season. 
The  first  six  Sales  (as  in  former  years),  will  consist  of  lots 
specially  made  up  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  Large  Buyers. 
Central  Auction  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


•Mi'\  oth.-rs. 
RIBGWAT  HOUSK   and   utlier    FREEHOLD   PROPERTY  in 
tlie  Parish  of  Cradley,  near  to  Malveru,  being  about  6  milos 
from  Malvern,  5  from  Colwall,  6  from  Bromyard,  and  lu 
from  Worcester. 

MESSRS.  GATES,  PERRENS,  and  AVOOLD- 
RIDGEarefavour..:  ■--..;...,-■■  .-■...■,-    .:.,i    -^  |.v  ■-     m-Iv 
disposed  of  by  Private  Tr.  .  :  i  \    ■    .  .   ■'-      7  .■:  |.  r 

of  the  mortgagee  of  thr  !:ii     M        '  ■ :  ;  .      ■  '■'  ■  t 

Street,  Worcester,  on  W I  P  M  -;  M  i  .  \ ..  ■■.-i  .;,  !--,.>■  i  st  .> 
o'clock,  subject  to  conaiti-.ns,  tlu-  luiiuwnig  vaiaai.i.-  !■  KEE- 
HOLD  PROfERTIES.  viz.;—. 

Lot  1.  —  RIUGWAY  HOUSE,  with  Gardens.  Hothouses, 
Cottle,  Orchard,  Outbuildings,  and  Appurteuances,  situate 
on  th*  road  from  Worcester  to  Hereford,  and  comprising  an 
area  sf  2  acre^  and  2Q  Perches,  in  the  occupation  of  Mr.  J.  W. 
Webb.  The  House  !«tand.s  amidst  charming  scenery,  command- 
ing Bplendid  views  of  the  Malvern  Range,  and  comprises  2 
Reception  Rooms,  6  Bedrooms,  and  suitable  Domestic  Offices. 
Th«  Hothouses  consist  of  a  large  Peach  House,  150  by  30  feet, 
with  span  roof ;  Fig  House,  33  feet  9  inches  by  16  feet  6  incheu ; 
long  range  of  Vineries,  150  by  ISfeet,  in  three  divisions  ;  small 
Coniervatory ;  Peach  House,  adjoining  the  back  of  the  Dwelling 
Houm;  3  Forcing  Pita,  4H  ft.  6  in.  by  8  ft.,  and  1«  by  10  feet 
respectively,  and  used  for  Tomatos;  Tomato  House.  8:jft.  6  in. 
by  13  ft.  6  in.,  and  a  large  Workshop  with  glass  roof,  used  for 
growing  Peaches.  The  whole  of  the  Hothouses  and  Pits  are  of 
recent  erection,  in  good  order,  and  are  heated  with  a  complete 
Byatem  of  Hotwatcr  Apparatus,  provided  with  Boilers  in  dupli- 
cate and  stack.  The  Soil  of  this  locality  has  been  proved  to  be 
especially  adapted  for  the  Growing  of  Grapes  and  Stone  Fruit, 
and  the  fruit  from  the  houses  on  this  lot  has  in  recent  years 
been  amongst  the  finest  that  has  been  sent  to  the  London  and 
other  markets.  The  Vines,  Peaches,  Figs,  and  Tomatos  have 
all  been  vory  carefully  trained  by  the  present  tenant,  and  there 
is  an  abundant  show  of  fruit.  The  Kitchen  Garden  Is  well 
stocked  with  all  sorts  of  Vegetables  and  Fruit  Trees.  There  is 
also  a  Cottage  and  small  Paddock  adjoining  the  Kitchen  Garden, 
and  OB  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  are  Coach  House  and 
Stabling,  Cow  Sheds,  Lime  House,  Barn,  and  other  Out- 
buildings; also  a  small  Orchard. 

Lot  2.— a  4-room  COTTAGE,  with  Bakehouse,  also  a  large 
Garden  and  Field  of  Meadow  Land  and  Orchard,  comprising  in 
nil  an  area  of  f*  acres  and  21  perches,  situate  near  the  road  from 
Worcester  to  Hereford,  near  Lot  1,  and  let  to  Mr.  Griffiths  at  a 
rent  of  £18  per  annum.  This  Land  would  make  grand  Straw- 
berry Bed-*. 

For  particulars  and  further  information  apply  to  Messrs. 
CORSER  AND  WALKER,  Solicitors,  Stourbridge;  or  the  Auctio- 
neers, Angel  Place,  Worcester;  also  Stourbridg..'  andDroitwich. 


TO  GARDENERS  and  Others.— For  SALE,  a 
smallNURSERY.wellstocked.emilesfromCoventGarden, 
cheap.— LAKE,  Vineries,  North  umber)  and  Park,  Tottenham. 


FOR  SALE,  a  good  established  SEED  and 
NURSERY  BUSINESS  in  Yorkshire.  There  is  a  large 
and  profitable  Farm  and  Market  Garden  Seed  Businrs-H  done, 
as  well  as  a  Branch  Shop  at  Scarborough.  To  a  practical 
businessman  with  capital  this  is  a  rare  opportunity.  If  not 
Disposed  of,  a  suitable  PARTNER  may  be  taken. 

For  full  particulars,  &c.,  address,  S.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son, 
Houndsditch,  London,  E.C. ;  or  to  BLACK  and  DUGGLEBY, 
Mai  ton. 


FOR  DISPOSAL,  through  ill-heath,  a  good 
MARKET  NUKSEBY  with  Cottage,  containing  about 
2J  Acres,  situate  in  Lyncombe  Vale,  Bath.  The  Glass  and 
Stock  to  be  taken  at  a  valuation.  A  Lease  will  be  granted.  A 
good  connection  for  Cut  Flowers. 

Address,  Mr.  R.  ALEXANDER,  Seedsman,  &c.,   Greenway 
Lane,  Bath. 

FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imrie's 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-known  NURSERY 
BUSINESS  so  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 
Trees  and  Shruba.  Further  particulars  on  application  td 
IMRIK    AND    COMPANY.    The    NurNeri--*.    Ayr.    N.B. 


To  Cut  Flower  and  Fruit  Growers  and  Nurserymen. 
^yo  JIK  SOLD  or  LET,  a  capital  BUSINESS, 

JL  in  the  best  part  of  the  Midlands,  (iood  House  nnd  I  'ut- 
bnildings,  :i^  acres  of  Land,  and  about  60ii0  feet  of  Gla^'-lion'-f'^, 
all  fully  stocked  and  in  full  profit— a  really  good  openiiit;;  fur  ;l 
man  with  moderate  capital, — Apply  to  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

'^PO    RE    LET,    OFFICES,   or    the    UPPER 


To  Florists. 

TO  BE  LET,  for  the  Culture  and  Exhibition 
of  Flowers  and  Plants  under  Glass,  an  extensive  area  of 
LAND  adjoining  Kennington  Park,  in  front  of  South  Place  and 
NewingtoQ  Terrace. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  MEYNELL  Aia>  PEMBERTON,  Solicitors. 
20,  Whitehall  Place,  S.W.;  or,  to  Mes-nrs.  BRIANT  AND  SONS. 
Estate  Agents,  200,  Kennington  Park  Road.  S.E. 

"^rO  LET,  the  extensive  GLASS  HOUSES  at 

-L  CastUdvkes  (within  a  mile  of  Dumfries),  well  stocked 
with  timp.-H."  I'.Mrh.-i,  N.-i  !.;iriin-i.  Fig-;,  Tomatos,  and  vi-ry 
vaUiabh-  Fluu-.T-.      Kutrv,  Awjnst  15. 

AjipK  lu  UriiJI  MACGKEGOR,  Dumfries,  N.B. 


pROTIIEROE    AND    MORRIS,     Hohticul- 

X  TURAL  MaBKET  GARDEN  and  ESTATE  AUCTIONEEKS  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.,  and  at  Leytoii- 
stone,  E.     Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 


THE    NURSERY   AND   SEED    TRADE 

ASSOCIATION    (Limited). 


RATING     OF     NURSERIES. 

AT  a  MEETING  of  NURSERYMEN  and 
MARKET  GARDENERS  held  on  .Tan.-  l's.  ]s,^7.  at  the 
Horticultural  Club,  London,  it  was  dei-i'i'>'l  '••  i  ^\--  mi.)i  -ti^ps 
as  might  be  nece-isary  for  the  purpose  ol'  ■'  .  ( ■••n 

in  the  amounts  at  which  Nurseries  and   -M  -    ir(- 

assessed,  and  also  of  obtaining  a  bnsi^  nn        .    i    ■      '       --.--*- 

ments  should  be  mndi'-     \    ('''iimnft , .    :    ■•    iIh- 

purpose  of  carrying  thi-   ■!'  ■     -     ■      ■      ■  '  ■  ;  \\  i^ 

started  to  meet  the  n-      -    .■        .  I         '     ;ii  ,il 

present  consist  of  Mr.  l;i  i  u  ■  '^^  ■■;'...■  .  ^1 , .  I:,  -^  .  i  ;  i  -".[■■p- 
perton),  Mr.  BunyaiU'  uH-^^'i-'.-ui..  ■.  -Mr.  Immi.l.-^  ,i'.n]i>_-ls 
Brothsrs,  Norwich),  Mr.  HAV.viis  (I'-ngp).  Mr.  Hursman 
(Bradford).  Mr.  LoWE  (Uxbridge),  Mr.  PEARSON  (Chilwell), 
Mr.  SaARMAN  (Carter  &  Co..  London),  Mr.  VeitcH  (Veitch 
&  Sons.  Chslsea),  and  Mr.  J.  Wood  Ingram  (Huntingdon). 
Gentlemen  who  are  willing  to  join  the  Comjuittee  or  to 
Subscribe  to  the  Guarantee  Fund  (such  guarantee  not  to 
exceed  £10)  will  please  communieat©  with  the  Secretary,  Mr. 
F.  C.  GOODCHILD,  25,  Old  Jewry,  London,  E.C. 


Begonias  a  Speeialty. 

LAING'S  BEGONIAS.— Awarded  the  Jubilee 
Gold  Medal  at  Manchester,  and  two  Gold  Medals  by  the 
Royal   Horticultural    Society  previously,   also  26    First-class 
Certificates  this  season,  to  our  novelties,  being  evidence   of 
quality.     Descriptive  Price  LIST  free  on  application. 
JOHN  L.VING  and  CO.,  Thr  Nur«^ri»s.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


Hyacintlis,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &;c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERG!':N,   .lun.,    Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATAL(»GUE    now    ready,   and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Mes-srs.   R.    SILBERRAD  AND    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


A  LADY,  having  no  further  use  for  a  Stove, 
wishes  to  DISPOSE  OF  the  undermentioned  SPECIMEN 
PLANTS:—!  Clerodendron  splendens,  1  Allamanda  Hender- 
soni,  1  Dipladenia  boliviensis,  1  Jasminum  gracillimum. 
1  Asparagus  plumosus  nanus,  8  Clerodendron  Balfourii,  1  Me- 
dinitla  magnitica,  3  Stephanotis  tloribunda,  3  Pandanus 
Veitchii,  3  Hymenocallis  macrostephana,  3  Cocos  Weddelliana, 
1  Cissus  discolor,  3  Pancratium  fragrans.  2  Ardisia  crenulata. 
1  Uymnogramma  Alstoni,  1  G.  peruvianum,  1  Ixora  Colei, 
60  Caladiums,  named,  including  several  new  varieties.  Also 
small  plants  of  Crotona,  Dractenas.  and  Plumbago  coccinea 
superba. —Full  particulars  can  be  had  by  applying  to  GAR- 
DENER, Ospringe  House,  Faversham,  Kent. 


"  '  C IR  WATKIN '  ia  the  best  and  largest  Nar-  " 

Kj  "  ciss,  also  deliciously  scented.  Special  prices  also  " 
"  of  ■  Emperor  '  Narciss,  and  all  other  Flowering  Bulbs  on  " 
"  applit^ation." 

JAfi.  DICKSON  &  SONS. "  Newton  "  Nurseries.  Chester. 


QA  A(^A   CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,   of  all  the 

OV/^V'v/V/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  llowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants  ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5i-in''h  pota,  2s.  6d. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


CAMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect 

^^     House,  Belper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  the  followiug,  of 
which  he  makes  a  Specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  —  PRIMULAS  —  PRIMULAS.  —  Grand  Premier 
Prize  and  Covent  Garden  strains  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
Pure  White,  Carmine.  Rose.  Salmon,  Crimson,  &c.  Fine  largo 
trasses  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers ;  strong  plants,  to  bloom 
well,  Is.  3rf.perdoz;  extra  strong.  Is.  6(i.;  9s.  per  100.    All  free. 

CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS.  —  Bull's 
celebrated  prize  strain,  dwarf,  compact  habit  and  most 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants, 
Is.  3t£  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong.  Is.  tjrf. ;  9s.  per  100.     All  free. 

CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN.  —  Same  grand 
strain  and  from  the  same  celebrated  growers  that  I  have  sent 
out  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  with  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit,  lyearold  plants,  is.€d. 
per  dozen  ;  extra  strong,  2s, ;  10s.  per  100.  All  carriage  free. 
SAMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper. 


CARTERS' 

BRILLIANT  PRIZE  pINERARIA. 


SilrrrMi  lalRojal Botanic 


1883 
1883 


Lirg.  Hrtii/eMrljl  UojalButj! 
HNtST  AnXFU  bEED. 


Fxtra  and  Second  Prize, 

Crystal  Palace 

Large  Bronze  Medal,  Royal 

Botanic  Society 

Binksnn    Medal,    Royal 

Hcrtii  ultural  Society  ... 

I  iiiksi  111     Medal,    Royal 

ultural  Society  ...    1886 

bOLiety 1885 

Evpry  Shade  of  Colour. 


1884 


1884 


Price  is  6d ,  23.  6d ,  3s.  6d  &  53.  pkt.,  post-free. 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


"HARTLAND'S"irisii  Grown  DAFFODILS. 

CORK,  IRELAND. 

EullN  and  List^  now  ready.   Wholesale  rind  Retail  Otters. 

GRAND     BULBS     of     "GIANT     IRISH     PRINCEPS," 

for  Forcing.    Groivu  on  maiden  loam. 


A  NNO  UN  CEMEN  T. 


Extract  from  a  report  of  H.  Cannell  &  .Sons' 

Nurseries,  in  last  week's  Gardeners'  Maf/azine: — ■ 

'*  At  Swanley  we  find  all  the  greatest  features  for  which  the 

Nurseries  have  long  been  famous  fully  maintained,  and  new 

ones  in  process  of  development. 

*'  At  the  present  time  there  are  marvellous  displays  of 
PELARGONIUMS,  GLOXINLAS,  BEGONIAS,  and  VER- 
BENAS under  glass,  and  in  the  open  the  quarters  devoted  to 
ROSES,  DEtPHINtUMS,  HERBACEOUS  PEONIES, 
VIOLAS,  BEDDING  PLANTS,  and  HARDY  HERBACEOUS 
PLANTS,  of  which  the  collection  is  remarkable  for  its  extent 
and  completeness,  are  immensely  attractive.  All  lovers  of 
/lowers  will  find  a  hatrti/  reception." 


He  Best  Manure  for  aU  Horticultural  Purposes  Is 

RI  C  H  A  K  1)  MANN  and  (J  O,  '  S 
UNIVERSAL  FERTILISER. 
It  is  the  most  effective  and  permanent  fertiliser  in  the 
market.  We  have  taken  over  1000  First  Prizes  for  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables  gro\vn  with  this  Manure.  lu 
tins.  1.!. ;  bags,  7  lb.,  2s.  id. ;  14  lb.,  4s.  6rf. ;  28  lb.,  7s.  M.; 
56  lb.,  12s.  <od. ;  112  lb.,  20s.,  all  carriage  paid.  We  also 
supply  finest  quality  Fish  Guano,  pure  Dissolved  Bones,  and 
Crushed  Bones,  in  1  cwt.  bags.  10s.,  carnage  paid.  Dr. 
Voetcker's  Analysis  guaranteed.    Cosh  with  order. 

RICHARD  MANN  AND  CO.,  Howden,  East  Yorkshire. 


FREDERICK    L.    MAY   &   CO., 


(Pi 


'Ma 


iGt 


ADVERTISING  AGENTS. 

169,  PICCjVBILLY, 
London,  W., 
RECErVE  ADVERTISEMENTS  for  all  London.  Provincial, 
Continental,  Colonial,  and  American  Newspapers  and  other 
Publications,  for  one  or  any  number  of  insertions,  and  are  pre- 
pared to  open  accounta  with  Solicitors,  Auctioneers,  and 
others  on  approval  of  references. 

Special  advantages  to  Large  Advertisers. 

Established  IS.'^O. 

Only  Address— 169,  PlcciDILLY,  London,  W. 


Jui-T  16,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


67 


GARDENERS^   ORPHAN    FUND. 

Donations  and  Subscriptions  already  Promised  or  Sent. 
FOURTH  LIST. 


Clarke,  J,,  Grardener,  Thome's  House,  Wakefield 
Clark,  R.  A.,  Flaneswood,  Sevenoaks 
Clarke,  W.,  Grdiir.,Be33borough,  Piltown,  Ireland 
Cox.    A.    R.,    Hardener,    Elm    Hall,    Wavertree. 

Liverpool       

Calthorpe,  J.  A.,  Gardener,  Sunimerville.Dunmore 

Eaat,  Waterford,  Irelaad 

Colo.  G.  T.,  Gardener,  Charters,  Suiminghill   Vil- 
lage, Ascot     

Culverwell,  W.,  Gardener,  Thorpe  Perrow,  Bedalt 
Clissold,  Ot^H.,  The  Nurseries,  Haverstock  Hill  ... 
Dowding.  fl..  Gardener,  Little  Gaddesdeu  House, 

Great  Berkhampstead        

Donnelly, E.,  Gardener,  Hinderton.Neston,  Chester 

Dixon,  M.  K..  Gardener,  Sejirles,  Uckfield 

Denning,  C,  Gardener.  Holme  Lacy,  Hereford  ... 
Dick,  W.,  Gardener,  Cattle  Dobb3,  Carrickfergus... 
Downing,  H,,  Gardener,  Norbury  Park,  Dorking... 
Davis,  H.,  Gardener,  Fairlawu  House,  Chiswick  ... 
Day.  E.  J.,  Grdur.,  Banwell  Castle,  Somersetshire 
Dilly,  T..  Gardener.  Endecliffe  Hall.  Sheffield 

Doherty,  T.,  Gardener,  Wroxton,  Banbury 

Davidson,  A.,  Cavingall.  Longside,  Aberdeen 
Dingle,  W.,  Gardener,  Kodbliaton  Hnll.  Penkridge 
Divers,  W.,  Gardener,  Wierton  House.Maitistone... 
Dight,  A.,  Gardener,  Abbotsbury  Caatle,  Dorset    ,., 
Dodds,  F.,  Gardener,  Herringswell  House,  Milden- 

hall,  Suffolk 

Duncan,  W".,  Gardener,  Bosworth  Hall,  Rugby  ... 
Death,  J..  Gardener,  Archfield  House,  Binfield  ... 
Durman.  F..  Gardener,  Harefield  House,  Bitteme, 

Southampton 

Duncan,  G.,  Gardener.WarnliamCourt,  Horsham 
Darno.  J.  C.  Grdur..  Edge  End,  Brierfield,  Burnley 
Dunnage.  Mrs.,   Albury  House,  Surbiton  Hill  Road, 

Kiugston-on-Thame3  

Driver,  W.,  Gardener.  Longford  House,  Minchin- 

hamptou        

Dodswell,  W.,  Gardener,  Grantham  House,  Putney 

Heath 

Duncan,  G,,  Gardener,  Warter  Priory,  Pocklingtoc 
Dttuncey,  J..  Grdnr..  Bucktield Gardens, Basingstok* 
Diamond,  J.  T.,  Gardener,  Dollars  House,  Hurl- 
ford.  Ayr        

Deedeman,  Mrs.  W.,  Titchfield,  Hants        

Dumper,  E.,  Gardener,  Summerville,  Limerick    .. 
Down,  J.,  Gardener,  Ashdown  Park,  East  Grinstead 
Deverill.  H.,  Royal  Seed  Stores,  Banbury    ... 
Ellis.  W.,  Grdnr..  Drakelow  Hall,  Burton-on-Trent 

EUicot,  J.,  Gardener,  Crowe  Hall,  Bath      

Ewart,  W.,  Gardener.  Apethorpe,  Wausford 
East.  D..  Gardener;  Clare  Lawn,  East  Sheen,  S.W. 
Elsworthy,  T.,  Gardener,  Court  Hey,  Broad  Green, 

Liverpool        

Everson,  F.,  Gardener,  Grove  House,  Roehampti 

Lane.  S.W 

Edwards,  F.  W.,  Tower  House.  Woolwich  ... 
Elworthy,  J.  C,  Gardener,  Nettlecombe,  Tnunton 
Edwards.  J..  Gardener,  Grittieton,  Chippenha 
Foreman.  W.,  Gardener,  Carlton  House.  Heme  Hill 
Faulkner,  Miss    S.    L.,    Westgate    House,    Long 

Milford  

Fisher,  H..  Gardener.  Flixton  Hall,  Bungay 
Francis,  J.,  Gardener,  Lilleshall  House,  Newport, 

Salop 

Fowlis,  J..  Gardener,  Wrightington  Hall,  Wig 

Lancashire 

Forrester,  W.,  Gardener,  Beech  wood,  Rochdale 
Fenn.  A.,  Gardener.  Bylaugh  Park,  East  Durham 
Fletcher,  T.,  Gardener,  The  Abbey.  Kensington.W 
Fry.  J..  Gardener.  Haydon  Hall,  Eastcote,  Pinnei 
Francis.  G.,  Grdnr.,  Cockley  Cley  Hall,  Swaffham 
Finlay,  G.,  Grdnr..  East  Layton  Hall,  Darlington  10    0 
Ford,  J.,  The  Gardens,  Highfield  Hall,  Leek 
Friend,  A.    c.  o.  Mr.  J.  Gardiner,  Gardener,  Elsha 

Hall,  Brigg 

Freeman,  Miss,  Ryton-on-Dunsmore.  Coventry 
Foreman,    H..    Gardener,    Fornham,    St.   Marti: 

Bury  St.  Edmunds  ...         ...         

Flood.  W.,  Gardener,  Wichnor  Park,  Burton-o 

Trent  

Folkard,  J..  Gardener,  Elm  Bank,  York      ... 
Frazer.  L..  Gardener,  Craigillands.  Moffat.  N.B., 
Finlay,  W.,   Gardener,  Lynton  House,  Gravesend 
Fowler,  J.,  Gardener,  Harewood  House,  Leeds 

Foster,  W.  R.,  The  Grove,  Horley      

Finch,  F.,  Gardener,  The  Hall,  Berkhamstead 
Goddard.  P.,  Gardener,  Hunton  Court,  Maidstone  10    0 
Gardner.  J.,  Gardener.  Elsham  Hall,  Brigg 
Gillies,  J.,  Gardener,  Biggar  Park,  Biggar... 
Griffith,  G.,  Gardener,  Penywern,  Aberystwith 
Gandy,  E.,  Gardener,  Stratton   Park,  Micheldever 
Greenfield,  R.,  Gardener,  The  Priory,  Warwick 
Glasscock,  W.  B.,  Gardener,  Shirley  Park,  CroydL__ 
Grant,  J.  C,  Gardener,  Argyle  Lodge.  Wimbledon 

Park 

Gilbert.  R.,  Gardener,  Burghley  House,  Stamford 
Glenuie,  R.,  Gardener,  Babworth  Hall,   Retford...  10    0 
Grant.  T.,  Grdnr..  Ossemsley,  Manor.'Christchurch    5    0 
Garner.  J.,  Gardener,  Compton  Verney,  Warwick    5 
German,  N.,  Grdnr.,  Malvern  House,  NottinghamI    ., 


Gilbey,  S..  Gardener.  Cuzenovps,  Upper  Clapton  ... 
Green,  W.,  Possingworth,  Cross-in-lhind,  Sussex... 
Greenway.    W.    R.,  Gardeuer,   Trtntham   Court, 

Stonehouse    

Glen.  G.  F.,  Gardener,  Wentworth,  Rotherham  ... 

George.  J.,  10,  Victoria  Road,  Putney  

Hodgkins,W.,  Grdnr.,  Bolton  Hey.Roby.Liverpool 
Hall.  J.,  Florist,  &c.,  Custle  Street,  Cambridge  ... 
Hussey.  J.,  Gardener.  Haines  Hill.  Twyford 
Haffenden,  J.,  Gardener.  Westerham.  Edenbridge 
Harvey,  G.,  Grdnr.,  Shrublands,  Hersham,  Walton- 

on-Thames 

Hutchison.  W.,  G.ardener,  Llywnder  Court.  Aber- 
gavenny   

Helman.  G.,  2,  Blakefield  Road,  Bromyard  Road, 

Worcester       : 

Hovell,  W..  Gardener.  Heddingtou  Hill,  Oxford  ... 
Hills.  H..  The  Gardens.  Beachboro'  Park.  Hythe... 
Hills.  D.,  Gardener.  Beachboro'  Park,  Hythe 
Hubbard,  A.,  The  Gardens,  Copt  Hall.  Epping     ... 
Hamilton,  J.,  Gardener,  Needwood  House,  Biirton- 

on-Trent         

Hope,  J.,  Gardener.  Weston- under- Lizard,  Shifnal 
Henderson,  J.,  Grdnr.,  Riddlesworth  Hall,  Thotford 

Hope,  J..  Gardener,  Coopers,  Chislehurst 

Harrison,   E.,    Gardener,    St.  Michnel's-on-Wyre, 

Garstang,  Lancashire         

Holliday.  G..  Gardener.  Castle  Hill,  Bletchingley 
Henbest,  W.,  Gardener,  Anglesea  House,  Kingston- 
on-Thames     

Halsey,  J..  Gardener,  Cowdray  Park,  Midhurst  ... 
Hodgkins,    W..    Gardener,  Silaby   Hall,  Gainford, 

Darlington 

Harris,  H..  Gardener,  Denne  Park.  Horsham 
Harding,  A.,  Gardeuer.  Orton  Hall.  Peterborough 
Hyde.  J.,  Gardener,  Watergate,  Emsworth;  Hant> 
Huxtable.  R.,  Gardener,  Barton  Grange,  Tauntou 
Herrington,  A.,  c.  o.  W.  Robinson,  Esq.,  Gravetyt 

Manor,  East  Grinstead       

Hornby,  J..  Gardener,  Heslington  Hall,  York 
Hughes,  J.,  Gardener,  Eydou  Hall.  Byfield,  North 

amptonshire 

Hutchison,  S.,  Gardener.  Haggerston  Castle,  Beal. 

Northumberland      

Hemsley,  C,  The  Gardens,  Sandringli 

I-ynn 

Hewlett,  Mrs.  A.,  Haseley  Manor,  Warwick 
Hoskins,  C,  Gardener.  Stanstead  Park,  Emsworth 

Horsefield,  J.,  Gardener,  Hey tesbury  HouHe,, Wilts 
Hayter,  A.  W..  Gardener.  The  Priory,  Reigate  .. 
Hickmott.  G.,  Grdnr.,  Huntleya,  Tunbridge  Well: 
Hoad,  S.,  Gardener,  Vicars  Hill,  Lymington 
Hathaway,  T..  Grdnr.,  Kempsey  House,  Worcester 
Harrison.  F..  Gardener.  Knowsley  House,  Prescot 
Hughes.  J..  Gardener,  Heathfield,  Bracknell 
Howes.    J..    Gardeuer,   Tulse   Hill    House,   Uppe: 

Tulse  Hill,  S.W 

Inglis.  R..  Gardener.  Borde  Hill,  Cuckfield,  Sussex 
Ireland.  W.  J..  Grdnr..  Nostell  Priory,  Wakefield 
James,  B.  T,,  Gardener,  Sandhill  Park,  Taunton 
Johnson.  A..  Gardener,  Ingress  Abbey.  Greenhithe 
Jamea,  J.,  Gardener.  Bradtield,  Cullompton 
Jupp,  W,,  Gardener.  Torfield,  Eastbourne  ...  .T 
Jefferson,  J..  Gardener,  Totley  Grange,  Sheffield.. 
Jones,  T.,  Gardener.  Elvetham  Park.  Winchfield.. 
Johnstone,  J.,  Gardener,  The  Castle,  Castleblaney, 


King': 


Jenner.  M.,  Gardener,  Ellergreeu,  Kendal... 
Johnson,  F..  Gardener.  Rufford  Old  Hall,  Ormskirk 
Journeyman,  A,  Hilton  Park,  Wolverhampton 
Jordan.  L..  Grdnr.,  Brampston  Park,  Huntingdi 
Jenkins,  W.,  Aldin  Grange,  Durham 
Journeyman.  A.  Onslow  Hall,  Shrewsbury 
Iggulden,  W.,  Grardener.  Marston  House,  Frome 
Knox,    G..    Gardener.    Port    Eliot,   St.    Germai 

Cornwall        

Kevan,  S..  Gardener.  Castle  Upton,  Templepatrick. 

Co.  Antrim     ...         ...         

Kendall.  J.,  Gardener,  Isil  Hall,  Cockermouth  .. 
Keeble,  R.,  Grdnr.,  Kingsland,  Newnham-on-Severii 
Knight,  S.  G.,  Gardener.  Halton  House,  Tring  ... 
Knowles.  J.,  6.  Mid-Kent  Cottages,  Station  Road, 

Lewisham      

Kingston,   R.    C,    Gardener,   Brant inghamthorpe, 

Brough.  E.  York       

Kirby,  C,  Gardener.  Scraptoft  Hall,  Leicester 
Kemp.  W..  Gardener,  Bush   Hill   House,  Winch- 
more  Hill,  N 

Kitchin,  E.,  Coodram,  Kilmarnock 

Leach,  E.,  Gardener,  Hin ton  Admiral.  ChTfttcSurch. 

Lawrey,  E.,  Gardener,  Down  Hall,  Bridport 

Lunt.  T.,  Ardgowan,  Greenock,  N.B 

Lumsden,  D..  Gardener.  Bloxholm  Hall,  Lincoln 
Lamer,  J..  Gardener,  Ricknian:^ worth  Park,  Rick- 

mansworth    ...         ...         ...         

Lomas.  S..  Gardener.  Heysham  Hall,  Lancaster  ... 
Lye,  J..  Gardener,  Clyffe  Hall,  Market  Lavingtoi] 
Lowe,  F.,  Gardener,  Castle  Ward,  Downpatrick, 

Ireland  ...         ...         ...         , 


Orchid  Peat— a  Specialty  ( 

WWOOD  AND  SON  are  now  cutting:  from 
•    THE  NEW  ESTATE  (the  only  estate  celebrated  for 
its  special  quality  of  ORCHID  PEAT). 

Send  for  Sample.     Special  Quotations. 
Wood  Green.  London,  N. 


Further  Donations  and  Subscriptions  will  be  thanJcfuUy  received  by 

A.  r.  BAKBON,  Honorary  Secretary, 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY'S    GARDENS,    CHISWICK,    LONDON,    W. 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Thrip.  Mealy 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  dc.  dc. 
PERFECTLY  )   ^°  *'^^  Hands  and  Pkin,  but  will  cure 
I   Kins^^orm  in  Animals,  and  all  Diseaaea 
HARfrlLESS    J   produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  combination  of  Ilvdrociirbon  Oils,  made  soluble  in 
Water,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  Infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  the  Hoots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Hiemist.^.  Is.  Gd.  Cs.  Cd.  &  ,'s.  6d; 

^  gallon  7s.  6d,  1  R-allon  I'Jri.  Cd,  or  les-  in  larg'_r  qu.iiititiea. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale:  Hoopsk  &  C<.. ,  Coanv.  Sopf.e.  Fowlei.  S:  Co.; 
C.  E.  OsMAV  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
Qhant^  and  Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses,  NEW 
YOB.K— RoLKEU  &  Sons. 


HUGHES' Fir  TREE  Oil 


Throws  a  fine 
f^praij  20  fi.,  and 
II  Jet  30  j't.,  with 
great  force. 

A  splendid 
siilstitute  for  the 
Syringe  for  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
2iis.  jL  larger 
size  for  watering 
purposes,  45.?. 
CaiTia;r3  Paid. 


For 
Glass  Houses, 


GREEN  &  CREAW  COLOR  SHADING 


Convenient,  Inexpensive— Easily  applied  — Last^i  all  the 

Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  off.    Is.,  pu.-^t  1/3. 

For  B'ixinff  Bloom  of  A^aleaa,      ■■  ■  B  (^EJ  (S^  ©  ? 

&c.,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.         rl  ^  ^n  l&^ 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  great  boon  tf-  Florists  and  all  lovers  of  Flowers.    Diles 
instantly.    Sold  in  bottles,  Is.  &  2s.     ler  post  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Preventing  Vines  Bleeding  after  rruning. 
Very  eflfectual  in  preventing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

wasted.    In  bottles  1/6  and  2/6.    Per  post,  3d.  extra. 
For  Destroying  Beetles,  Cockroaches,    U|IP|JCC' 
Crickets.  Bugs,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &c.    nUUlBUO 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 


E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  ^ffiFll'^e 

VWTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


68 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  16,  1887. 


NEMT    STRAWBERRIES     FOR    1887. 

LAXTON'S    "NOBLE  "    STRAWBERRY. 

The  only  Fruit  lohich  received  a  First-class 
Certificate  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's 
Great  Provincial  Show  at  Liverpool,  July,  1886: 
and  the  only  Fruit  Certificated  by  the  Society 
during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1887. 

A  very  large  and  handsome  regularly  formed 
flattish  globular  shaped  early  Strawberry,  coming 
in  a  few  days  after  "  King  of  the  Earlies  "  and 
"  Black  Prince,"  and  of  a  rich  and  vinous  flavour. 
Flesh  tirm,  and  without  the  objectionable  treacly 
taste  common  to  many  large  varieties.  Colour 
bright  crimson-scarlet.  Plant  very  hardy  and 
vigorous,  and  most  prolific,  nearly  every  small 
runner  producing  wonderful  tru.sses  of  large 
even-sized  fruits  with  comparatively  few  small. 
As  "  Noble  "  ripens  in  the  open  air  before  forced 
Strawberries  are  over,  the  highest  prices  have 
been  realized  for  it  in  Covent  Garden  Market 
during  the  past  three  seasons.  In  188.5  the  first 
consignments  made  4s.  per  lb. ;  in  1886, 3s.  per  lb. ; 
in  1887,  3s.  6d.  per  lb. 

PRICE— Retail,  £2  lO*.  per  100,    IO5.  per  dozen. 

Mr.  J.  Mdie,  after  trying  and  forcing  it,  says  : — "  In  my  opinion  the  most  extraordinary  and  valuable  Strawberry  in  cultivation."  [season. 

Mr.  R.  Gilbert,  Burghley,  also  having  tried  it,  says : — "  I  can  speak  of  this  truly  unique  variety  with  every  confidence,  and  intend  growing  it  largely  next 


Photograph.) 


hOBlE       (From  Photograph  ) 


LAXTON'S 


JUBILEE 


STRAWBERRY. 


A  very  distinct  and  first-class  late  variety.     Fruit,  large  and  of  fine  flavour ;  flesh,  firm ;  plant,  hardy,  vigorous,  and  very  prolific.     Coming  in  after 
"  Helena  Gloede,"  this  variety  is  well  adapted  for  late  market  work.     Stock  limited. 

PRICE— Retail,  £1  10s.  per  100,    Gs.  per  dozen. 

Runners  In  thumbs  half  price  extra.  Coloured  Plates  of  "  Noble"  (shortly),  6d.  each.  Terms,  prompt  cash.  References  required  from  unknown  correspondents. 
For  cash  with  order  packing  wUl  not  be  charged.  Orders  executed  in  strict  rotation,  and  so  far  only  as  stocks  permit.  The  Trade  will  oblige  by  inserting 
these  Strawberries  in  their  Lists.     Liberal  terms  and  electros  of  "  Noble  "  can  be  supplied.     Further  particulars  from 

THOMAS    LAXTON,  seed  and  novelty  grower,  BEDFORD. 

THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.  RICHARDS, 

41,  Wbixingion  Stbbbt,  Stband, 
LONDON,  W.C. 


1887. 


Please     send    me     "The      Gardenees'      Cheoniclk"     /or 


Months, 


commencing 


^,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0. 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance,  ""^j 

THE   UNITED  KINGDOM :  —  12  Months,  15s. ;    6  Months,  7s.  6d. ;   3  Months,  3s.  9d. ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17».  6d.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  19s.  6d. 

Receipts  for  le33  than  six  months'  subacription  will  not  be  sent  unleaa  specially  asked  for. 


P. 0.0.  to  be  tnade payable  at  the  Post  Office,  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS.   I        a 

Ohemuis,  thmild  he.  prosted  "  DRTIMMOND."  I — 


Cheques  thould  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


JciT  16.  1887.] 


TEE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


69 


ORCHID  EXHIBITION. 

One  of  the  tnost  beautiful  sights 
in  London, 

rVRCHIDS.— The   PEIVATE    VIEW   of 
^^     Mr.  William  BirLL's  ORCHID  EXHIBrriON  is  open 
to  Patrons  of    the    Establishment,    every    TUESDAY. 
THUBSDAY.  and  SATURDAY.  10  to  6  o'clock,  through- 
out JULY. 


r>RCHIDS.— The    PUBLIC    EXHIBITION 
^•'     of  ORCHIDS  is   open  to  the  Public,  every  MONDAY'. 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY.  10  to  6  o'clock,  through- 
out JULY'.    Admission,  eacli  day.  2s.  Qd. 


/^RCHIDS. — A    vision    of   loveliness    unpa- 
^^     ralleled  in  Europe. 


ORCHIDS.— "Must  be  seen  to  be  realised.' 


ORCHIDS.— "A  scene  of  the  greatest  Orchidic 
beauty,  baffling  description,  and  defying  exaggeration." 


Cy  RC  H I DS. — Specimens  in  Flower  from  Brazil, 
Colombia,  Mexico.  Ecuador.  Madagascar.  Assam.  Peru. 
Coeta  Rica.  Venezuela.  West  Indies.  Burmah.  Borneo, 
and  various  other  parts  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 


ORCHIDS.— The  Exhibition  is  worth  going 
^^     any  distance  to  see  at 

MR.  WILLIAM  BULL'S 

ESTABLISHMENT  FOR  NEW    AND  BABE  PLANTS. 
636,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
— Tjo  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tio  1.  Price,  6s.  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
I>er  bushel  for  package),  or  6rf.  per 
cak " ;  free  by  parcel  post,  Is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack* 
age*  and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  oursignatureattached. 
WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Ni 


15,000  TEA  ROSES, 

Consisting  of  the  following  and  numerous 

other  varieties, 

All  fine  plants,  in  63-  and  6  Inch  pots  :— 


Mar^chal  Nikl 

Perle  des  Jardins 

Safrano 

REitTE  Marie  Heptriette 

COMTESSE  DE  NADAILLAC 

Souvenir  u'vy  Ami 
Catherine  Mermet 

HOMERE 

Waltham  Climber  No.  1 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam 
W.  A.  Richardson 
Perle  de  Lyon 
Etoile  de  Lyok 
Madame  Lahbard 
Devoniensis 


Souvenir  de  Paul  Nehon 

Isabella  Spbunt 

Madam  Bhavy 

Waltham  Climber  No.  2 

Sunset 

Niphetos 

Gloire  de  Dijon 

Madame  Cusine 

The  Pet 

Duke  of  Connacght 

Adam 

Alba  rosea 

Goubault 

Waltham  Climber  No.  3 

Climbing  Devoniensis 


12s.,  15s.,  &  18s.  per  doz.,  according  to  size. 

The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be 
unsurpassed  by  any  in  the  country :  they  are 
clean,  healthy,  and  vigorous,  and,  should  any 
purchaser  be  dissatisfied  with  them,  they  may  be 
at  once  returned. 

Price  to  the  Trade  on  application. 

LISTS,  icith  full  particulars,  post-free,  on 

application  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  GO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE    VINEYARD   &  NUESERIES, 

GARSTON,  NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


CARTERS' 

VICTORIA  PRIZE  QALCEOLARIA. 

^^^^^^                 ATVARnTrn 

^^^^^^ui^^^^^H 

First  Prize  (open  to  Eng- 

l^^^9iMME^^^I 

land),  Crystal  Palace     ...  1883 

^^£^Vri>4SL-^!VB^^I 

The    Second    Prize,    Royal 

^IHitrr'^BafiBr^^^H 

Horticultural  Society    ...  IS.S.I 

The  Extra   Prize,    Crystal 

Palace        1884 

[Bj^^|fcyA■^^^^■jjlW       iax\\c  finr^ft.■y          1  Rfl4    | 

IKSHnP.tfKjMP&iS 

Large  Bronze  Medal,  Royal 

HnSte^BH^  ni!5MEe|l 

Botanic  Society 188,1 

^HkiWySiEHIBVj^l 

Bnnkaian     Medal,      Royal 

^Ei^^^^^HM^^^^H 

Horticultural  Society    ...  1883 

The  Silver  Medal,  Ceylon...  1887 

FINEST    MIXED    SEED. 

Price  Xs.  6d.,  2s.  6d..  3s.  6d.,  &  6s.  plrt.,  post-free. 

Seedsmen  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and  H.R.H.  the 

Prince  of  Wales. 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 

Sow  Now  for  Eaxly  nowerlng  In  Spring. 

ROExMER'S    SUPERB    PRIZE    PANSIES. 
ty  The  finest  strain  of  Pansies  in  the  world.  ^ 
CATALOGUE  gratis  and  post- tree  on  application. 
FRIEDR.  ROEMER.  Seed  Grower.  Quedlinburg,  Germany. 

ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18s.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


/«S& 


BEGONIAS 

in  Bloom. 

ROSES 

in  Bloom. 

Large  Quantities.     Inspection 

invited. 

LISTS     ON    APPLICATION. 


SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  HOSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
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THE    GARDENERS'     CHJiONICLE, 
Vol.  I..  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUN  '..  1887. 
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of 

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London,  W.C. 


SATURDAY,  JULY  16,  1887. 


THE    GAEDENERS'   OEPHAN 
FUND. 

T^HE  gardeners  of  this  country  may  be  con- 
-*-  gratulated  on  their  patriotism  and  on  their 
charity.  Of  all  the  Jubilee  proposals  and  results 
certainly  none  is  more  satisfactory  in  its  way 
than  the  establishment  of  a  fund  for  the  benefit 
of  the  orphans  of  gardeners.  It  is  a  cause  that 
no  one  can  object  to  —  its  principle  is  unassail- 
able. We  recall  with  special  gratification  the 
facts  that  the  idea  owed  its  inception  to  gardeners, 
that  the  elaboration  of  the  scheme  is  due  to  the 
labours  of  that  body,  in  association  with  others 
who,  if  not  themselves  gardeners,  live  by  and  for 
gardeners,  and  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  funds 
already  obtained  or  promised  has  been  derived 
from  actual  bond  fide  workers  in  gardens.  The 
provisional  committee  worked  harmoniously  and 
devotedly.  They  terminated  their  labours  with  a 
well  devised  programme,  and  with  a  fund  amount- 
ing to  close  on  £  1 000 ;  they  arranged  the  prel  imin- 
aries  of  the  general  meeting  at  South  Kensington 
on  the  12th,  secured  an  admirable  President,  and 
drew  up  the  resolutions  to  be  submitted  to  the 
meeting,  and  the  votes  of  thanks  to  those  who 
had  helped  them.  For  this  very  reason,  probably, 
they  omitted  to  propose  any  vote  of  thanks  to  them- 
selves! and  so  by  an  oversight  which  the  commit- 
tee will  only  condone  when  they  see  signs  of  re- 
pentance in  the  shape  of  additional  funds,  not  one 
person  in  the  meeting  raised  his  voice  in  acknow- 
ledgment of  the  services  of  Mr.  Deal  and  of  the 
members  of  the  committee.  This  acknowledg- 
ment has  indeed  been  already  made  in  the  Press ; 
but  it  would  have  been  gracious  if  some  outsider 
had  proposed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  framers 
and  promoters  of  the  scheme,  who  have  worked 
so  hard  and  so  well  in  the  cause.  The  omission 
was  evidently  clearly  accidental,  so  nothing 
further  need  be  said  about  it.  At  the  first 
general  meeting,  when  the  provisional  com- 
mittee transferred  their  duties  to  a  permanent 
organisation,  there  were  present  about  fifty 
persons  —  not  a  large  number  certainly,  but, 
considering    all    things,    a    satisfactory   assem- 


70 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JcTLY  16,  1887. 


Wage.  Gardeners  were  well  represented,  and  not 
from  the  metropolitan  counties  only,  but  from 
far-off  districts.  The  Royal  Horticultural  So- 
ciety lent  its  conservatory,  and,  better  still,  some 
of  the  members  of  its  Council  were  present,  and 
many  of  them  figure  as  Vice-Presidents,  Trustees, 
or  subscribers.  The  National  Rose,  the  National 
Chrysanthemum,  the  Auricula,  the  Carnation  So- 
cieties, the  Crystal  Palace,  the  Horticultural 
Club,  the  horticultural  Pr-ess,  and  the  Trade,  were 
duly  represented — the  Royal  Botanic  Society  made 
no  special  sign.  Sir  Julian  Goldsmid,  Bart., 
M.P.,  occupied  the  chair,  and  it  very  soon 
became  apparent  that  a  better  Chairman  could 
not  have  been  selected.  The  courtesy  and 
business-like  tact  with  which  he  managed  the 
meeting,  encouraging  useful  criticism,  checking 
irrelevance,  and  finally  summing  up  in  a  tho- 
roughly judicial  manner,  elicited  the  warmest 
admiration  from  those  present. 

The  proceedings  were  simple  enough.  Mr. 
Deal,  the  chairman  of  the  provisional  committee, 
moved  that  Sir  .Tulian  Goldsmid  take  the  chair, 
and  then  read  a  brief  statement  of  the  work  done 
already,  and  submitted  the  rules,  copies  of  which 
had  been  previously  circulated.  Mr.  Deal's  histo- 
rical statement  was  clear  and  to  the  point,  and 
when  he  had  conoluded  the  Chairman  moved  the 
adoption  of  the  report  and  rtlles)  ^oliqitiii'gj  amend- 
ments and  discussion  upon  any  points  of  detail 
that  might  arise,  and  congratulating  the  gardeners 
on  their  enterprise.  The  resolution  was  seconded 
by  Mr.  Penny,  gardener  to  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  and whasai^  with  honest  pride  that  he  stood 
there  that  day  with  very  different  feelings  to  those 
he  experienced  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  provi- 
sional connnittee  on  the  25th  Jlarch,  without 
either  fimds  or  programme.  Some  criticism  on 
points  of  detail  were  then  made  by  Mr.  Shirley 
Hibberd,  Mr.  D.  T.  Fish,  Hardwiske  Gardens  ; 
Mr.  Udale,  gardener  to  Mrs.  Grenville  Howard, 
Tamworth  ;  Mr.  Green,  gardener,  Warlies ;  and 
others,  which  were  replied  to  by  Mr.  Roupell, 
Mr.  Deal,  Mr.  Veitch,  and  the  Chairman,  with 
the  result,  among.st  other  things,  that  it  was 
arranged  that  the  annual  meeting  shall  be  held 
in  July  instead  of  in  February,  as  being  more 
convenient  to  gardeners,  and,  moreover,  per- 
mitting of  the  concurrent  holding  of  some  flower 
show  or  other  outdoor  fete,  which,  while  agree- 
able to  gardeners,  might  be  made  an  agreeable 
substitute  for  the  charity  dinner,  which  so  many 
people  would  be  glad  to  dispense  with  could 
funds  otherwise  be  raised. 

With  Mr.  Fish's  objection  to  canvassing,  buy- 
ing, and  higgling  for  votes,  and  all  the  conse- 
quent trouble,  vexation,  and  expense,  we  must 
own  (as  did  the  Chairman)  that  we  have  full 
sympathy ;  indeed,  in  principle,  every  one  con- 
curred with  Mr.  Fish,  but  circumstances  interfere 
with  the  application  of  principles,  and  the  plan 
proposed  by  the  committee,  which  was,  as  we 
know,  not  adopted  till  the  pros  and  cons  had  been 
thoroughly  threshed  out  and  the  arguments  on 
either  side  duly  weighed,  was  ultimately  adopted 
generally  as  the  best  under  the  circumstances. 

The  second  resolution,  proposed  by  Mr.  H.  J. 
Veitch,  and  seconded  by  Dr.  Masters,  after  the 
Chairman's  speech,  needed  neither  explanation 
nor  advocacy.  It  ran  thus : — "  That  Sir  Julian 
Goldsmid  be  elected  President  of  the  Gardeners' 
Orphan  Fund."  This  was,  of  course,  carried 
nem.  con. 

Mr.  Deal  then  proposed,  and  Mr.  Wynne 
seconded,  "  That  the  following  gentlemen  be 
elected  Vice-Presidents  of  the  Gardeners'  Orphan 
Fund.  viz. : — H.  J.  Adams,  Esq.,  E.  J.  Beale, 
Esq.,  W.  Bull,  Esq.,  Shirley  Hibberd,  Esq.,  Dr. 
Hogg,  Jlember  of  Council  Pi.H.S.,  Dr.  Masters, 


F.R.S.,  J.  Mcintosh,  Esq.,  H.  M.  Pollett,  Esq., 
Baron  Schroder,  Member  of  Council  R.H.S., 
Arthur  W.  ;-utton,  Esq.,  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq., 
Harry  J.  Veitch,  Esq."     (Carried.) 

Resolution  No.  4,  proposed  by  Mr.  Eraser  and 
seconded  by  Mr.  Noble,  was  to  the  effect — "  That 
S.  Courtauld,  Esq.,  Member  of  Council  R.H.S., 
J.  T.  D.  Llewelyn,  Esq.,  and  A.  H.  Smee,  Esq., 
be  elected  Trustees  of  the  Fund."     (Carried.) 

Mr.  Hibberd  then  proposed,  and  Mr.  Laing 
seconded,  a  resolution  "That  T.  B.  Haywood, 
Esq.,  Treasurer  of  the  National  Rose  Society, 
be  elected  Treasurer  of  the  Fund," 

"  That  Mr.  A.  F.  Barron,  Superintendent  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  be  elected  Secre- 
tary to  the  Fund  "  was  a  proposition  that  was  sure 
to  be  acceded  to  with  warmth,  but  Mr.  Barron's 
claims  were  well  put  by  Mr.  Richard  Dean  as 
proposer,  and  Mr.  Roberts,  gardener,  Gunners- 
bury,  as  seconder. 

Mr.  Wright,  Journal  of  Horticulture,  and  Mr. 
Richards  respectively  proposed  and  seconded  the 
proposal  "  That  Mr.  John  Fraser  and  Mr.  W. 
Sharp  be  elected  honorary  auditors."     (Carried.) 

Mr.  Fish,  gardener,  Hardwicke,  and  Mr. 
Udale,  gardener  to  Mrs.  Grenville  Howard,  then 
respectively  proposed  and  seconded,  "  That  the 
following  gentlemen  be  appointed  members  of 
the  Executive  Conmiittee,  viz. :  —  Messrs.  P. 
Barr.  W.  Bates,  H.  Cannell,  R.  Dean,  G.  Deal, 
J.  Douglas,  W.  Goldring,  W.  G.  Head,  H. 
Herbst,  W.  Holmes,  W.  Ingram,  J.  Laing,  G. 
Nicholson  (Kew),  C.  Penny,  W.  Richards,  J. 
Roberts,  W.  Roupell,  C.  H."  Sharman,  J.  Smith, 
H.  Turner,  H.  Williams,  J.  Woodbridge,  J. 
Wright  (Journal  of  Horticulture),  B.  Wynne 
(Gardenitiff  World),  be  appointed  the  Executive 
Committee." 

In  reference  to  this  resolution  it  was  men- 
tioned that  the  committee  had  power  to  add  to 
their  numbers,  and  that  probably  Messrs.  Dunn, 
Temple,  and  David  Thomson  would  join  the 
committee  as  Scottish  representatives,  while  the 
local  secretaries  to  be  appointed  in  every  district 
of  the  country  would,  by  virtue  of  their  office,  be 
elected  members  of  the  committee,  and  secure 
that  widely  diffused,  and  not  merely  local,  interest 
so  much  needed. 

"  That  a  cordial  vote  of  thanks  be  given  to  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  for  the  use  of  their 
garden  for  this  meeting  "  was  proposed  by  Mr. 
AVright  and  seconded  by  Mr.  Sharp.  (Carried.) 

Dr.  Masters,  F.R.S,,  and  Dr,  Hogg,  had  an 
easy  and  pleasant  task  in  respectively  proposing 
and  seconding  a  resolution,  "  That  a  cordial 
vote  of  thanks  be  given  to  Sir  Julian  Goldsmid 
for  his  kindness  in  taking  the  chair."  Dr. 
Masters,  having  put  the  motion,  it  was  carried 
amid  demons()rations  of  applause. 

Lastly  came  a  compliment  to  the  horticultural 
Press,  proposed  by  Mr.  AV.  Bull,  and  seconded 
by  Mr.  Ilerbst,  Mr.  "tt'ynne,  of  the  Gardening 
Wot'ld,  briefly  responded,  and  thus  was  ended 
one  of  the  mo.st  successful,  harmonious,  and  well- 
managed  meetings  it  has  ever  been  our  lot  to 
take  part  in. 

The  Gardeners'  Orphan  Fund  has  been  well 
started.  The  Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  In- 
stitution has  made  a  donation  of  ko  to  each  of 
its  hundred  and  twenty  pensioners  and  to  the 
unsuccessful  candidates  at  the  last  election.  This 
is  how  the  gardeners  and  their  friends  have  cele- 
brated the  Jubilee.  Well  done  gardeners,  though 
we  say  it ! 


Mr.  Hugh  Brooke  Low,  only  son  of  Sir  Hugh 
Low,  Her  Majesty's  Resident  at  Perak,  died  sud- 
denly in  London  recently,  at  the  age  of  thirtT-eight, 
Mr,  Bbooee  Low  was  in  the  sf  rvicft  of  the  Sarawak 
Government,  in  which  he  had  been  distinguished  as 
the  Resident  of  the  Kegang  district.  He  was  in 
England  on  leave  of  absence. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


DENDROBIUM  PUllPUREUM  (lioxh.)  CAN- 
DIDULUM.  n.  var. 
Mr.  V.  Faus,  the  enthusiastic  and  successful 
Orchid  grower  of  Baron  von  Hruby,  Teleny, 
Petschkau,  Kolin,  sends  me  a  fine  specimen  of  this 
novelty,  obtained  from  Messrs.  Linden  as  Dendro- 
bium  purpureum,  Roxb.  There  is  no  reason  to  be 
very  much  surprised  at,  or  consider  as  anything  excep- 
tional, a  rosy-amethyst  coloured  species  turning 
out  white-flowered,  yet  such  a  rare  case  gives 
great  pleasure  to  the  lucky  possessor.  The  tips 
of  the  sepals  are  of  a  very  bright  green.  Now  and 
then  the  apex  of  the  lip  has  a  lighter  hue  of  green, 
but  I  do  not  find  a  trace  of  it  in  any  of  the  petals. 
The  stalked  ovary,  of  an  amethyst  colour  in  the 
original  plant,  is  pure  wliite  in  this  one.  H.  G.  Bchb.f, 

CaLANTHE    VERATRIFOLIA  (R.  Br.)  VAR.    RegNIERI, 

71.  var. 
A  very  elegant  variety.  It  is  near  to  the  var. 
stenoloba,  but  quite  distinct  in  the  divaricate  nearly 
semi-lunate  lateral  lacinire  of  the  lip.  and  simpler 
callosity.  The  flowers  are  snow-white,  with  a  light 
ochre-coloured  lip,  which  I  find  charming.  It  was 
kindly  sent  me  by  Monsieur  Regnier.  44,  Avenue 
Marigny,  Fontenay  sous  Bois,  Seine.  I  have  a  very 
fine  plant  before  me.  No  doubt  it  was  gathered  in 
Cochin  China.  It  justly  bears  the  name  of  the 
excellent  explorer.  H.  G.  Bchb.f. 

Odontoglossum  lOPLOCON,   Bchb.  /..   Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  1884,  April  5,  p.  445. 

This  lovely  rival  to  Odontoglossum  Edwardi 
has  reappeared  at  Loochristi  with  M.  Vuylsteke. 
This  is  only  the  second  instance  I  know  of.  It 
flowered  first  in  December,  1879,  at  Mr.  Bull's,  as  I 
see  from  a  memorandum.  The  flowers,  however,  at 
least  those  which  I  obtained,  proved  monstrous  ; 
therefore  it  was  only  in  1881  that  I  could  deswibe 
the  plant.  The  blooms  were  darker  or  lighter  in 
diff'erent  years.  Mr.  W.  Bull  will  always  have  to  be 
named  as  the  first  importer  of  this  very  rare  plant. 
H.  G.  Bchb  J. 

CiRRHOPETALUM    LeNDYANUM,  n.  Sp.* 

This  is  a  charming  little  gem.  If  one  could  see  a 
stem  covered  with  it  and  its  hundreds  of  graceful 
whitish  inflorescences,  it  might  even  win  over  many  an 
amateur.  The  bulbs  are  pyriform  tetragonous,  very 
shining,  reddish,  distant.  Leaf  cuneate  oblong  acute, 
minutely  bilobed,  purple  underneath,  green  above. 
Peduncle  wirv,  red  or  green,  or  both.  Flowers 
standing  in  a  short  raceme  of  umbellate  appearance. 
Bracts  linear  subulate,  not  equal  to  the  ovaries,  pnrple, 
or  partly  so,  very  narrow  and  insignificant.  Flowers 
smaller  than  those  of  Cirrhopetalum  albidum,  R.  W., 
whitish,  with  greenish-yellow  hue.  Upper  sepal 
ligulate  acuminate,  lateral  sepals  linear  acuminate, 
free,  now  divaricate,  twice  as  long  or  still  longer  than 
unpair  sepal.  Petals  ligulate  acuminate,  nearly  as 
long  as  the  upper  sepal.  Lip  compressed,  triangular 
from  side,  abrupt  over  the  stalk,  bicarinate  on  narrow 
u])per  side.  Column  with  two  very  short  triangular 
angles  on  the  side  of  the  anther  (not  bisetose!). 

There  cannot  be  the  least  doubt  of  Cirrhopetalum 
and  Bulbophyllum  being  the  same  genus  botanically, 
provided  there  be  not  discovered  some  hitherto  unseen 
character.  This  plant  stands  nearest  to  Bulbophyllum 
radiatum,  Lindl.,  which  it  is  very  like,  but  that  is 

*  Cirrhopetalum  Lendyanutn,  n.  sp. — Rhizomate  scadente; 
pseudobulbis  baud  contiguispyriformi-t^tragonis  folio;  carnoais- 
simo  cuneato  oblongo  ncutiusculo  bilobo  ;  pediinculo  capillari 
rigido  folium  paulo  exeedente ;  floribus  racemose  umbellatig; 
bracteis  linearisetaceis  oyaria  pedicellata  non  requantibua ; 
sepalo  impari  lanceo  acumiuato;  sepalis  latcralibus  lineari 
ligtilatis  acumiuatis  duplo  longioribiia,  nunrdivaricatis,  semper 
liberia,  numquam  cootiguis;  tepahs  sepalo  impari  a^qualibus, 
labello  subcompresso.  per  discum  angustum  bicarinate,  supeme 
angiifet*  triangulo,  a  latere  triangulo  angulo  abrupto  supra 
unguem;  coluroiia  utrimiuo  miuut  eaiigulata,  net;  bi.si?to3Ji ; 
florcsalbidi  flavoviridi  nunr  anffiisi.  Col.  exc.  Leudy.  Bulbo. 
phyllum  Leudyauum.  II.  G.  llckb.J.  , 


July  16,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENERS'     CBBONICLE. 


71 


immediately  understood  bj  its  upper  sepal  being  of  the 
same  leng;th  as  lateral  sepals.  It  was  kindly  sent  by 
Major  Lendy,  Sunbury  House,  Sunbury-on-Tliames, 
whose  name  it  may  bear  as  a  mark  of  gratitude  for  a 
friendly  hospitality,  that  is  now-a-days  not  often  given 
in  England  to  little  Orchids.  And  a  little  one  it  is ! 
H.  G.Hchb.f. 

OdONTOGLOSSUM    +    EUASTRUM,    noV.+ 

This  grand  beauty  stands  near  Odontoglossum + 
Brassia.  Its  sepals  and  petals  are  still  longer,  and 
much  tapered.  The  prevailing  colour  is  white.  There 
are  some  mauve  spaces  in  long  stripes  on  the  sepals, 
and  still  more  outside.  A  few  spots,  one  to  five,  are 
to  be  seen  on  the  sepals.  They  are  cinnamon  inside, 
mauve  outside.  Petals  simply  white.  The  lip  is  quite 
peculiar  and  characteristic.  It  is  rather  heart-shaped 
over  its  stalk,  nearly  semicircular,  toothletted  outside. 
An  abrupt  long  lanceolate  lacinia  projects  from  its 
centre.  The  denticulate  indurate  sessile  lamellic 
[like  those]  of  Odontoglossum  crispum  stand  at  the 
base  of  the  lip.  They  are  sepia-brown  in  colour.  Three 
keels  stand  before  the  side,  one  conspicuously  biden- 
tate,  the  central  one  simply  acute  and  very  small. 
Some  brown  small  spots  are  scattered  over  the  disc 
and  the  base  of  the  anterior  lacinia  white,  the  disc 
around  the  callus  is  sulphur-coloured.  The  column 
has  lobed  wings,  is  light  yellowish-white,  with  a 
mauve  back. 

I  have  to  thank  Baron  von  Schroder  for  this 
remarkable  beautv — a  fresh  riddle  in  this  assemblage 
of  riddles.  H.  G.'Rchb.f. 

Origanum  Tournefortii. 

The  plant  so  called  in  gardens  has  long  been  a 
puzzle  to  cultivators  of  hardy  plants  who  have  had 
access  to  the  original  descriptions  and  figures  of  O. 
Tournefortii  proper.  The  true  plant  is  figured  in 
Sibthorp's  Fl.  Gr(^ca,569,  and  in  Andrews'  Repository, 
8,  t.  537 ;  and  also  in  Loddiges'  Cabinet,  258 ;  and 
none  of  which  figures  agree  with  the  cultivated  plant 
in  question.  The  true  O.  Tournefortii  or  Dittany  of 
Amorgos,  is  a  well-marked  plant  of  rare  merit,  with 
a  shrubby  upright  habit,  and  in  this  way  much 
resembling  O.  Dictaranus.  The  leaves  are  orbicular 
or  heart-shaped,  subcordate,  glabrous,  or  very  slightly 
ciliate,  opposite,  decussate,  subsessile,  and  glaucous- 
green  ;  flowers  very  numerous  in  a  dense  branched 
spike;  the  floral  bracts  large,  imbricated,  and  not 
brightly  coloured.  It  is  said  to  have  been  intro- 
duced as  early  as  1788  by  Dr.  Sibthorp,  and  is 
probably  now  quite  lost  to  cultivation.  O.  sipyleum 
or  Dittany  of  Mount  Sipylus,  is  another  name  we  have 
seen  this  same  plant  grown  under  in  gardens  ;  from 
which  it  is.  however,  abundantly  distinct.  It  is  herba- 
ceous in  habit,  with  a  very  lax  inflorescence  ;  leaves 
subsessile,  ovate,  acute,  perfectly  glabrous,  and  of  a 
greyish  colour.  Mr.  Miller,  we  are  told,  applied  this 
name  of  0.  Tournefortii  to  his  twelfth  sort,  and 
which  he  says  is  undoubtedly  a  variety  produced  from 
the  intermixing  the  farina  of  the  Cretan  Dittany  (O. 
Dictamnus)  with  that  of  Mount  Sipylus  (0.  sipyleum) ; 
for  the  plants  in  the  garden  belonging  to  the  Com- 
pany of  Apothecaries  were  accidentally  produced 
from  the  seeds  of  one  sjiecies,  where  both  sorts  stood 
near  each  other,  in  the  botanic  garden  of  John 
Browning.  Esq..  at  Chelsea.  This  is  undoubtedly 
the  same  as  a  dried  specimen  in  Bishop  Goodenough's 
herbarium,  labelled  as  O.  hybridum.  with  the  note, 
"  hybridum  O.  Dictamnus  matre,  O.  sipyleum  patre  ? ' 
The  plant  referred  to  both  by  Miller  and  Bishop 
Goodenough  is  unquestionably  the  same  plant  as  we 
are  now  cultivating  under  the  name  0.  Tournefortii. 
The  parentage  as  given  above  is  in  all  probability 
the  correct  one.  the  leaves  corresponding  in  shape  to 
sipyleum,  with  the  hairs  from  those  of  O,  Dictamnus. 
and  the  inflorescence  partaking  of  the  lax  character  of 
the  former  and  the  bright  colouring  of  the  latter.  D. 


Ireland. ^From  various  quarters  we  learn  that 
the  summer  has  been  as  hot  and  dry  in  the  Emerald 
Isle  as  here.  June  is  generally  a  showery  month  in 
Dublin,  but  vegetation  is  now  hmrnt  up. 


AMONG   THE   P.E0NIE6  AND 
DELPHINIUMS. 

A  FIELD  of  Pceoniea  or  Delphiniums  is  not  easily 
to  be  met  with,  unless  one  goes  to  look  for  it.  It 
has  afforded  me  great  pleasm-e  to  see  both.  The 
Pajonies  were  as  thick  as  Daisies  in  a  meadow — 
white,  blush-rose,  pale  amethyst,  pale  citrine,  crim- 
son, doubled  and  varied  in  many  ways,  some  self- 
coloured,  some  edged  paler.  The  white  colour, 
however,  predominated,  from  a  peculiarity  that  many 
have  of  opening  blush-rose  or  citrine,  and  turning 
white  before  fading.  I  went  through  several  acres 
of  them  without  counting  the  young  seedlings,  and 
was  told  it  takes  five  years  from  the  seed  for  the 
PiEony  to  come  into  full  flower. 

Among  the  finest  I  saw  were : — Galina,  pale 
amethyst ;  Lady  Bramwell,  blush-rose ;  Pelene, 
white ;  Albion,  cherry-rose,  edged  paler ;  Princess 
Beatrice,  ochre  and  rose  ;  Pearl,  white,  with  a  flesh- 
blush  ;  Ithaca,  verj'  double,  purple,  shaded  crimson  ; 
Minytus,  crimson-purple  ;  Macella,  rose,  citrine 
centre  ;  Jugurtha,  flesh-coloured  ;  Camera,  rose  ;  Dr. 
Livingtone,  grand,  and  very  double,  rose  ;  Trium- 
phans  gandavensis.  fine  double,  white. 

None  of  those  mentioned  were  single.  The  latter 
are  interesting  from  an  artistic  point  of  view,  but 
they  are  not  so  striking,  although  seemingly  in 
demand.  In  addition  to  their  grandeur  and  delicate 
tints,  the  charm  of  Piconies  is  that  many  of  them  are 
Rose-scented. 

I  do  not  think  that  sufficient  use  is  made  of  these 
fine  things.  They  require  to  be  seen  in  masses  to 
realise  the  wealth  of  decorative  materials  that  this 
genus  off'ers.  For  parks  and  gardens  there  are  not 
many  plants  to  equal  them,  the  several  species  that 
are  to  be  had  admit  of  a  long  succession  of  these 
interesting  flowers.  As  cut  flowers,  arranged  with 
large  foliage  in  large  baskets,  they  are  invaluable 
for  the  decoration  of  halls,  and  would  be  fitting  orna- 
ments for  bow-windows  in  dining  and  drawing-rooms. 
The  blush,  citrine,  and  rose-coloured  ones  would 
show  well  by  artificial  light,  and  might  also  be 
utilised,  by  an  artistic  hand,  for  table  decorations  on 
grand  occasions. 

The  Delphiniums  were  a  great  contrast  to  the 
Pffionies,  both  in  colour,  form,  and  habit.  Of 
these  also  I  saw  about  3  acres  in  all,  breast 
high,  with  their  fine  spikes  of  colour,  varying  from 
0  inches  to  2  feet,  and  ranging  from  the  deepest 
ultramarine-blue  to  the  palest  sky  and  lavender-blue, 
some  with  expanded  flowers,  2  inches  across,  others 
cup-shaped,  with  a  white  or  black  eye.  In  the 
bright  sun  the  bees  were  busy  in  their  work  of 
crossing,  and  in  many  instances,  I  should  say, 
in  spoiling  the  work  of  selection  planned  by  the 
owners  of  these  plants.  Among  the  selected  ones 
the  finest  were  ; — 

Constantine. — Spikes,  1^  foot  long ;  flowers,  2  inches 
across — very  fine  and  expanded  ;  semi-double,  outer 
whorl  sky-blue,  inner  whorl  purple,  the  true  corolla 
forming  a  white  tuft  in  the  centre. 

Agnes,  with  a  massive  spike  2  feet  long,  without 
including  the  secondary  spikes ;  semi-double,  pale 
mauve,  edged  blue ;  flowers  1^  inch  across. 

Magnum  has  a  2  feet  spike,  ultramarine-blue,  with 
the  inner  whorl  plum-blue. 

Baron  Schroder. — Two  feet  spike,  deep  ultramarine 
and  blue-mauve.  The  peculiarity  of  this  variety  is 
the  prominent  white  central  star  of  small  petals,  the 
lower  ones  having  a  tuft  of  yellow  hairs. 

Gipsy  Queen. — Eighteen  inches  spike,  of  a  very 
pale  rosy-mauve,  edged  blue.  The  central  petals  are 
white  and  pale  mauve. 

Amelia  has  a  fine  compact  spike,  15  inches  long  ; 
rosy-lavender,  tinged  blue.  A  bush  of  this  splendid 
variety,  with  several  spikes,  would  make  a  charming 
subject  for  a  panel  in  oil  colours. 

Biondella.— Mauve,  edged  blue  ;  single,  with  a  fine 
white  eye. 

Ceiestine.^-Sky  blue,  2  feet  long,  with  a  white 
tuft  of  small'petals; 

Ultramarine.'— Deep  btne  ;  Ilne'larrfe  single  flower. 


with  a  brown  central  corolla  and  prominent  yellow 
hairs. 

Catherina. — Pale  sky-blue,  with  a  white  corsHa 
ftnd  an  enormous  spike. 

La  liomanche  is  an  extraordinary  variety,  ctm- 
sisting  of  an  outer  whorl  of  blue  sepals,  and  an  inner 
one  of  purple  colour.  The  corolla,  instead  of  having 
its  usual  irregular  form,  is  spread  out  into  a  star- 
like  whorl,  the  petals  being  purple,  tipped  buff",  all 
hairy,  and  without  any  spurs.  The  flowers  of  the 
whole  spike  have  their  stamens  turned  into  carpels, 
so  that  the  centre  is  formed  of  a  bunch  of  carpels, 
instead  of  the  usual  three.  This  character  of  the 
flower  appears  to  be  fixed,  and  might  be  maintained 
by  high  cultivation.  Not  only  the  flowers  of  a  whole 
spike  had  it,  but  another  plant  of  the  same  variety 
had  spikes  with  the  same  character,  the  only  differ- 
ence being  that  in  some  flowers  there  were  a  few 
stamens  outside  the  bunch  of  carpels. 

Among  these  fields  of  Delphiniums  I  not  only 
enjoyed  the  colour  and  form,  but  I  had  an  opportu- 
nity of  making  some  more  interesting  observations. 

There  are,  perhaps,  few  flowers  of  a  more  interest- 
ing structure  than  that  of  the  Delphinium  ;  it  is 
supported  by  two  linear  bracts,  and  consists  of  five 
coloured  sepals,  the  upper  one  being  spurred.  This 
spur  in  the  calyx  sepal  is  rather  odd.  It  closely 
resembles  a  miniature  corrugated  jelly-bag.  When 
the  flower  doubles  it  adds  a  second  whorl  of  sepals, 
none  of  which  is  spurred.  The  true  corolla  is  the 
strangest  part  of  the  floral  structure.  An  Orchid  is 
not  more  curious.  Ordinarily  the  corolla  of  the 
Delphinium  consists  of  four  petals,  so  arranged  as 
to  resemble  somewhat  the  form  of  a  Linaria  flower. 
The  two  upper  petals  are  stiff,  and  of  a  horny  tex- 
ture, and  the  pair  form  a  sort  of  hood.  Both  of 
them  are  long  spurred,  and  their  twin  spurs  fit  into 
the  jelly-bag  spur  of  the  calyx,  and  are  sheathed  by 
it.  The  spurs  are  open,  excepting  towards  the  point 
where  the  nectar  is  formed,  and  the  advantage  of  the 
sheath,  it  would  appear,  is  to  prevent  insects  from 
getting  at  the  nectar  from  the  outside.  This 
arrangement  forces  them  to  search  for  it  from  the 
front  of  the  flower.  The  lower  pair  of  petals  are 
rather  expanded,  and  usually  covered  with  yellow 
hairs,  which  vary  in  length  and  are  sometimes  quite 
prominent.  The  colour  of  the  corolla  is  either  white, 
brown,  or  variegated.  By  pressing  down  the  lower 
pair  of  lips  of  the  corolla,  the  three  stigmas  of  the 
ovary  come  into  view.  The  stamens  are  numerous 
— in  one  case  I  counted  more  than  thirty — 
and  surround  the  base  of  the  ovary.  Before 
the  anthers  burst  they  are  all  bent  downwards,  and 
form  a  sort  of  tassel  below  the  corolla;  after  the}' 
have  discharged  their  pollen,  they  are  found  crumpled 
up  with  their  filaments  contorted.  These  crumpled 
up  filaments  led  me  to  suspect  that  possibly  at  some 
period,  they  may  have  been  sensitive,  and  performed 
some  office  with  reference  to  the  visits  of  insects, 
but  of  this  I  could  not  obtain  any  proof.  If  they  are 
sensitive,  probably  I  did  not,  in  my  experiments,  hit 
on  the  right  spot  which  would  make  them  act.  I 
watched  the  bees  to  see  how  they  performed  their 
fertilising  oflice.  I  think  a  big  humble  bee,  with 
two  golden  cross-bars  on  its  back,  did  it  in  the 
most  efficient  way.  It  settled  on  the  flower, 
and  clasped  the  cal^^x  with  its  hooked  legs.  In 
doing  so  its  weight  overturned  the  flower,  so 
that  the  bee  hung  below  it,  under  part  upwards. 
In  this  fashion  it  could  not  help  having  the  hairs  of 
its  legs  dusted  with  any  ripe  pollen  that  the  anthers 
might  contain.  The  bee  then  proceeded  to  creep 
further,  and  thrust  its  head  between  the  hood  and 
the  lip  of  the  corolla.  In  doing  so  its  chest  pressed 
down  the  two  petals,  which  form  the  lower  lips  of 
the  corolla,  and  exposing  between  them  the  three 
stigmas,  which  cannot  help  being  dusted  with  any 
jtoUen  which  the  bee  may  have  had  on  the  hairy 
base  of  its  front  legs.  Thus  these  bees  carry  pollen 
from  flower  to  flower,  fertilising  the  stigmas  of  each 
in  a  most  persevering  way.  I  observed  another  bee 
of  similar  colouring  with  the  foregoing,  but  much 
smaller.  I  am  not  sufficiently  acquainted  with  bees 
to  be  able  to  sav  whether  this  was  the  same  bee  of 


72 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  16,  1887. 


a  different  sex,  or  sexless,  or  whether  it  was  of  a 
different  species.  Anyhow,  its  weight  was  not  suf- 
ficient to  bend  down  and  overturn  the  flower.  It 
settled  on  the  lower  sepal,  which  is  often  dusted  with 
pollen,  kept  there  by  the  corrugation  of  its  surface. 
In  creeping  over  this  sepal  to  get  at  the  corolla  it 
could  hardly  help  sweeping  up  the  pollen  with  the 
hairs  of  its  under  side,  and,  by  thrusting  its  head 
into  the  mouth  of  the  corolla  of  some  of  the  flowers, 
performing  the  same  office  as  the  other.  I  noticed 
that  the  bee  took  some  seconds  to  suck  the  nectar ; 
this  probably  was  caused  by  first  sucking  one  and 
then  the  other  of  the  twin  nectaries.  The  object  of 
the  stiffness  of  the  upper  petals  and  of  their  spurs  is 
probably  to  act  as  a  channelled  guide  to  the  tongue 
and  lips  of  the  bee.  What  the  object  of  the  hairs 
on  the  two  lower  petals  may  be  I  have  not  been  able 
to  ascertain.  Not  impossibly  they  may  act  as  an  ob- 
stacle to  prevent  minute  insects  from  getting  into  the 
mouth  of  the  corolla  easily,  and  so  robbing  the  nectar 
without  performing  any  corresponding  ser\'ice  to  the 
flower.  The  bee  may  also  deposit  on  these  hairs 
some  pollen,  to  be  swept    off  by  the  next  comer. 


a  peduncle  about  an  inch  long,  clothed  with  linear 
bracts,  a  whorl  of  which  supported  the  flower,  the 
bracts  passing  into  coloured  narrow  sepals,  There 
were  two  whorls  of  fully  formed  sepals,  one  sky-blue, 
the  other  blue  suffused  purple,  none  of  which  was 
spurred.  In  the  centre  there  was  a  rose  of  thirteen 
small  white  petals,  all  of  the  same  character,  and 
none  spurred.  They  consisted  of  a  claw,  expanding 
into  a  small  bifid  blade,  resembling  the  print  of  a 
camel's  foot.  This  peloric  flower  had  numerous 
stamens,  with  twisted  filaments,  and  finally  the  usual 
tricarpellar  ovary. 

These  hybrid  Delphiniums  vary  much  in  their 
parts.  Whether  the  second  whorl  of  coloured  seg- 
ments belongs  to  the  calyx,  or  to  the  corolla,  is 
difficult  to  say.  I  could  see  no  spurs  to  any  of  its 
segments.  The  corolla,  as  I  said,  is  usually  of 
four  petals,  two  upper,  spurred,  and  two  lower 
expanded  and  hairy  ones  ;  but  in  one,  besides  the 
above,  I  found  a  fifth  small  petal  between  the  lower 
two.  In  another,  besides  the  ordinary  four  petals,  I 
found  four  more  abortive  ones  in  the  lower  part ;  a 
third   variation,  besides  the  two  spurred  petals,  had 


skill  in  always  using  the  same  flowers  for  button- 
holes, sprays,  and  other  decorations.  Now  that  so 
much  electric  light  is  used,  the  deep  blues  and 
mauves  would  probably  light  up  well  at  night. 

All  these  interesting  phenomena  I  observed, 
watched,  and  reflected  on  in  the  extensive  nurseries 
of  Messrs.  Kehvay  &  Son.  of  Langport.  Everything, 
however,  is  just  now  suffering  from  want  of  rain.  If 
seasonable  rain  had  fallen,  those  fields  of  colour 
would  have  been  ten  times  more  effective,  both  by 
their  brilliancy  and  increased  size.  For  nurserymen, 
who  carry  on  business  on  such  an  extensive  scale, 
rain  is  money.  To  deal  with  acres  of  anything  by 
hand-watering  is  a  troublesome  and  expensive  job. 
One  year,  I  was  told,  about  5  acres  of  Gladioli  were 
lost,  for  want  of  rain.  The  raising  of  Gladioli  is  one 
of  the  great  specialties  of  this  firm.  They  have 
crops  of  them  growing  like  Onions  or  Potatos.  The 
time  and  labour  that  the  raising  of  plants  from  seed 
often  requires  is  the  reason  why  choice  varietiesare  at 
first  so  expensive.  In  an  acre  or  more  of  Delphi- 
niums containing  upwards  of  a  thousand  plants,  I 
was  told  not  more  than  fifty  varieties  would  be  worth 


i'm.    14.  —  HATFIELD    HOUSE:      FKUNT 


(SEE  p.  7y.) 


No  doubt  the  colour  of  tlie  white  or  black  corolla 
s.^rves  as  a  guide  to  the  bee  to  enable  it  to  find  the 
nrjctar  readily,  and  so  avoid  exhausting  itself  by 
fruitless  efforts.  The  colour  of  the  sepals  acts  as  a 
ready  advertisement  for  insects.  It  is  interesting  to 
see  how  readily  the  bee  goes  straight  to  the  nectar- 
hole.  By  constant  practice,  and  perhaps  also  by 
inherited  memory,  its  eye  is  at  once  able  to  see  the 
opening  betweeen  the  two  upper  and  lower  lips  of 
the  corolla.  On  a  flower  which  was  different  from 
the  usual  I  watched  one  of  the  smaller  bees  making 
various  trials,  now  fumbling  under  one  sepal,  now 
under  another,  until  apparently  puzzled  at  not 
finding  the  nectar;  at  last  it  tumbled  upon  the  nectar- 
hole.  Either  the  flower  was  different  from  the  usual 
or  the  insect  may  have  been  an  inexperienced  bee. 
When  it  knows  its  flower,  it  goes  straight  to  the 
nectar-hole  in  a  business-like  way,  without  making 
any  mistakes.  Whether  the  Delphinium  can  be 
self  fertilised  would  require  careful  experiments  to 
determine ;  all  the  arrangements  of  the  flowers 
indicate  the  importance  of  cross-fertilisation  by  bee- 
like insects. 

On  the  top  of  one  of  the  Delphinium  spikes  a 
peloric  form  was  found,  as  a  terminal  bud.     It  had 


six  others,  equal,  hairy  and  bifid.  In  the  double 
ones  not  only  the  number  of  coloured  sepals  is  in- 
creased, but  also  the  number  of  petals. 

In  that  to  which  the  name  of  D.  formosum  is 
given  the  corolla  consists  of  two  upper  long-spurred 
petals  and  two  broadly  expanded  and  variegated 
petals.  Each  of  the  latter  has  a  diminutive  curved 
spur  at  the  base  of  its  claw ;  and  finally,  it  has 
three  other  abortive  bifid  petals  in  its  lower  part. 
Possibly  it  descended  from  one  with  an  Aquilegia 
form. 

The  fine  decorative  qualities  of  the  Delphinium 
are  not,  I  think,  sufficiently  appreciated.  Besides 
being  a  superb  plant  for  borders  with  its  rare  colour, 
fine  foliage,  and  tall  habit,  the  larger  flowered  varie- 
ties would  form  exquisite  arrangements  for  personal 
decorations.  The  fine  2-inch  flowers  of  an  ultra- 
marine-blue would  form  exquisite  rosettes  for  button- 
holes, suitably  arranged  with  white  Bouvardia,  or 
some  such  small  flower,  and  Maidenhair  Fern.  Then 
the  whole  spike  deprived  of  the  flowers  on  one  side 
would  make  a  splendid  spray  for  a  lady's  dress, 
suiting  and  contrasting  the  many  shades  of  its 
colours,  according  to  need.  With  such  materials  at 
their  disposal,  florists  do  not  show  much  inventive 


keeping ;  all  the  rest  would  be  dug  out  and  thrown 
away !  So  that  the  small  proportion  selected  has  to 
pay,  by  its  enhanced  price,  for  the  time  and  labour 
taken  up  in  raising  the  whole  lot  up  to  flowering 
time. 

Why  some  of  the  cheap  modes  of  raising 
and  distributing  water  to  be  seen  every  day  in 
India  and  Eg}'pt  are  not  used  in  England 
is  difficult  to  explain.  I  suppose  it  is  an 
inherited  prejudice  against  any  rude  and  cheap  im- 
plement. Everything  must  be  done  by  expensive 
machinery.  It  is  true  that  irrigation  from  the  clouds 
in  England  usually  suffices,  and  is  more  effective ; 
but  what  if  it  does  not  come  when  wanted  ?  Where 
gas  is  available  the  little  handy  gas-engine  might  be 
made  to  do  many  things.  There  is  also  no  reason 
for  not  using  wind-engines.  It  costs  nothing  to 
work  them.  E.  Bon-avia,  M.D.,  Jwm  28. 


Tantalising  for  Southern  Botanists.— 

A  correspondent,  who  hails  from  less  than  a  hundred 
miles  from  Montrose,  assures  us  that  he  recently 
obtained  from  a  space  about  a  foot  square  the  fol- 
lowing plants  : — Linnea  borealis,  Listera  cordata, 
Trientalis  europfta,  and  Pyrola  media. 


July  10,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS' 


cp. 


RON  I  CLE. 


73 


CffiLOGYNE    CORYMBOSA. 

This  is ,  one  of  the  hauiisomost  species  of  tlie 
Erectaj  section  of  the  genus.  Fig.  1.5  gives  a  good  idea 
of  a  single  iiower,  as  lately  produced  l)_v  a  plant  in  the 
Kew  collection.  TJ^is  plant  is  groiying  onablocl;, 
where  it  seems  to  be  quite  at  liome.  as  the  llowerr^, 
which  remain  iii  perfection  for  a  considerable  time. 
are  produced  in  abundance.  Lindley,  in  describing 
ii  (Folia  On!iii!ui'ni,  Cielogyue,  n.  10),  remarks  that 
it  much  resembles  C.  ocellata,  diiTering  in  the 
psendobulbs,  the  shorter  leaves,  and  the  mucli 
longer  middle  lobe  of  the  lip.  The  flowers  are  very 
sweet-scenfi;d.  and  are  borne  in  erect  racemes  of  two 
or  three  eaeli ;  the  eolom-  is  waxy-whit(\  with  several 
orange-brown  ut-rvis  on  t!ie  side  lobes  of  the  lip,  and 
two  yellow  blotches  Ijordereil  ivith  deep  orange  at 
the  base  of  the  eentnil  \ii\u-.  It  occurs  in  the 
Sikkim  Himalaya,  from  liiHH.I  -'.IOOO_feet  elevation, 
and  in  the  Ivhasia  mountains  from  4O0O — 71HH)  feet. 
It  appears  to  have  first  flowered  in  this  country  in 


until  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  when  the 
estate  passed  into  the  hands  of  an  old  Yorkshire 
family  named  Conyers,  by  whom  great  improvements 
were  made — a  family  to  be  honourably  remembered 
in  Essex.  Copt  Hall  was  so  named  by  the  Saxons 
from  Coppc,  the  top  of  a  hill.  It  was  of  old  ".a  place 
of  pleasure  au4  privacy  "  for  the  successive  mitred 
abbots  of  "Waltham.  Thence  they  went  a.himting 
here  in  tho  forest,  or  received  hospitably  distin- 
guished guests. 

The  Princess,  afterwards  Queen  Mary,  was  living 
at  Copt  Hall  in  1551,  when  three  of  her  servants 
were  summoned  before  tlie  Privy  Council,  and  their 
mistress  was  further  informed  that  Mass  was  m) 
longer  to  be  performed  there  by  her  Roman  Catholic 
chaplains.  Mary  was,  however,  ready  to  obey  the 
royal  command  i-*n  all  tilings  ericept  Bbatters  of  re- 
ligion.     Mass  she  would  have  ! 

A  melancholy  interest  attaches  to  Cojit  Ilall  in 
reference  to  Hehry  VIII.  He  is  said  to  have  had 
the  ,pla,ce  a,3  a  "  sporting  box."    It  was  about  the  time 


U) 


^Ui,    15.--caiL0GYNE   CpRYlLBOSA:     FLOWERS    IVORY-WUIT 


1876,  and  it  is  rather  stranjje  that  so  ^andfiome  & 
species  should  not  have  been  inipQTted  bieiore. 
However,  as  several  of  these  species  .g-re  raU^er 
closely  allied,  it  is  quite  possible  for  oue  to  have  be^n; 
overlooked.  The  specially  distinguishing  feature  of 
thia  species  seems  to  be  the  very  long  acute  central 
lobe  of  the  Up  ;  and  with  this  exception,  the  more 
acute  segments,  the  fewer  flowers  in  a  raceme,  and 
one  or  two  otlier  minor  details,  it  seeins  to  be  a; 
large  edition  of  C.  ochracea.  A  plate  has  been  pr;e- 
pared  for  the  Botanical  Magazine.  R.  A.  R. 


COPT    HALL. 

,CoPT  Hall,  Pauk  {a  place  >of  historic  interest) 
adjoins  the  forest  of  Epping.  Beyond  the  parH  gat^s 
liesabeautiful  bit  of  forest  scenery  called  the  Warren, 
of  which  the.ciiief  portion  spreads  away  to  the  right 
looking  from  Uie  entrance  gates.  ^  Parts  of  this  wood 
lying  in  tlie  deeper  and  darkey  hollows  are  very  sug- 
gestive of  the  past,  whiin,  they  formed;, the  hiding 
places-of  reckless  outcasts,- as  they,  continued  to  bo 


that  he  had  Ann  l^ojeyn  beheaded.  There  is  still 
retnaining  a  fine  avenue  composed  of  KngUsh,  Yews 
It  is  said  that  ,Henry  ■^vas  walking  up  this  avenue 
when  the  bell  was  tolling  announcing  Ann  Buleyn's 
execution,  on  bearipg  which  it  is  allieged  he  ejaculated, 
"  Thank  God  !"      ,      ,       -  :...(.   ,, 

There  is  also  to  be  seen  the  vmjy  of  a  chapel  in 
which  Henry  worshipped  ;  but  one  ^solitary  column 
now  i:emaias  of  at3  former  stat^liness  and  beauty. 
Near  here  are  busts  of  Henry  and  ..his  son,  aijd  a 
subterranean  passage  communicating  with  Walthani, 
Abbey  beyond,  used  by  the  monks  in  the  olden  days. 

Perhaps  no  place  possesses  greater  historical  in- 
terest than  Epping.  Here,  s;iys  tradition,  between 
Epping  and  AValtham^  was  futight  the  groat  battle 
between  the  liomans  and  the  Britons,  Tl^e  fatter 
were  from  100,000  to  200,000  strong,  far  outniAmber-;, 
ing  their  better  disciplined  foes.  Boastful  and  con- 
fident, they  Qoiinted  upon  an  easy  victory,  and. 
brought  their  women  and  childre^l  to-witness  it  from 
rows  of  qavts  ranged  in  a  line  behind.  Massed  to-, 
gethei'i  behind  their  great  shU'Ul^i '  with  thc^,  thicjcets 
at  ttieti",  back,  theliomans  patiently  sustained   the 


successive  onslaughts  of  their  foes,  until  signs  of  dis- 
order and  confusion  became  apparent.  Then, 
assuming  that  wedge-liko  form  so  often  afterwards 
adopted,  they  attacked  in  turn,  and  with  such  dire 
ert'ect  that  80,000  of  their  enemies  were  left  dead  in 
the  forest,  the  women  and  children  and  the  barricade 
of  carts  increasing  the  wild  confusion  of  the  flightn 
Tlie  Koman  loss  was  400. 

The  present  mansion,  a  substantial  Elizabethan 
structure,  replaced  the  old  Hall  in  1750,  and  a  much 
more  suitable  and  commanding  site  was  found  for 
it.  The  view  from  its  front  is  a  very  tine  one.  Tiie 
magnificent  Oaks — a  great  feature,  noble  Beeches, 
and  otlicr  fine  examples  of  tree  growth,  stretching 
as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  and  producing  a  pic- 
turesque and  effective  scene  which  words  quite  fail 
to  convey— in  short,  it  is  a  glorious  bit  of  English 
landscape. 

As  noted  just  now,  the  Oaks  are  an  especial 
feature — huge  specimens  that  really  must  liave 
braved  the  storms  of  a  thousand  years.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  the  dimensions  of  some  of  these 
giants ;  perhaps  Mr.  Samuel  Coulter,  the  able  gar- 
dener, will  oblige  us  in  this  respect  at  his  con- 
venience. 

The  extensive  pleasure  grounds  are  kept  in  ad- 
mirable order,  the  mowing  itself  being  no  incon- 
siderable item  in  the  labour,  two  machines  being 
constantly  engaged  in  the  performance  of  this  work 
during  tiie  season.  "We  especially  noted  in  this  part 
of  the  place  a  stately  Acacia,  with  a  stem  as  straight 
as  a  gun-barrel,  and  some  50  feet  in  height,  said  to 
be  one  of  the  finest  examples  of  its  particular  kind  in 
the  country.  Unfortunately  we  were  unable  to  get 
its  specific  name.  The  gardens  proper  have  been 
described  "  as  the  most  compact  in  Essex,"  and  the 
eulogiura  is  well  merited. 

The  plant-houses  at  the  time  of  our  visit  were 
very  gay  with  a  good  assemblage  of  flowering  plants. 
I\oses  are  well  cared  for,  and  are,  moreover,  forced 
in  quantity,  as  the  present  proprietor.  W.  H.  Burns, 
Esq.,  and  his  family,  are  very  partial  to  the  flower. 
Chrysanthemums,  too,  are  favourites,  150  varieties 
being  grown. 

The  kitchen  garden — ^about  4  acres  in  extent — is 
well  kept.  It  lies  on  a  gentle  slope,  and  is  somewhat 
sheltered. 

The  training  of  the  wall  fruit  trees  is  a  point 
liaving  much  and  careful  attention,  Mr.  Coulter, 
and  liis  foreman,  i\Ir.  Hubbard,  priding  them- 
selves, and  justly,  upon  their  satisfactory  condition  in 
this  respect.  It  is  labour  well  employed — neatness, 
order,  and  stvle,  in  a  garden.  B. 


Forestry, 

A  BIT  OF  GREEN  IN  OUR  DECIDUOUS 
AVOODS. 
"Want  of  thought  can  alone  be  the  reason  why  so 
many  woods  and  plantations  during  the  winter 
months  present  so  cold  and  unenticing  an  appearance, 
for  what  is  more  cheerless  and  uninteresting  to  the 
pedestrian,  what  more  detested  by  game  and  small 
birds  generally,  than  unchanging  expanses  of  leafless 
liardwoods  ?  When  we  have  such  a  choice  of  plants 
that  are  pre-eminently  adapted  for  such  a  purpose, 
let  us  by  all  means  utilise  them,  and  convert  our 
bare,  shelterless  woodlands  into  pleasing  and  attrac- 
tive scenes,  and  fitting  places  for  the  abodes  of 
animal  life  in  general.  Even  a  few  evergreens  placed 
jiere  and  there  along  the  outskirts  of  such  woods  as 
are  composed  of  deciduous  trees,  have  a  wonderful 
effect  in  producing  that  warm  and  clothed  appear- 
ance that  every  well-managed  woodland  should 
present.  Foremost  amongst  our  commonly  culti- 
vated shrubs  or  small-growing  trees,  the  Yew,  the 
Holly,  and  the  evergreen  Oak,  are,  perhaps, 
most  useful  for  the  purpose  under  consideration, 
but  as  to  which  of  the  three  should  stand  first  on 
the  list  I  could  not,  although  I  were  willing,  con- 
scientiously decide,  each  having  some  peculiarity  of 
its  own,  or  perhaps,  on  the  other  hand,  some  defect 


74 


TEE     GARDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[July  If,,  1887. 


that  renders  it  preferable  or  of  less  value  as  the  case 
may  be.  It  is  seldom  necessary  to  plant  these  when 
the  woods  are  being  formed,  as  the  thickness  of  the 
trees,  deciduous  tliough  they  be,  dispels  to  a  very 
great  extent,  the  nakedness  and  coldness  that  charac- 
terise such  when  of  more  mature  growth.  When 
the  plantations  have  attained  a  height  of  20  feet  or 
so,  and  are  fairly  well  thinned  out,  then  in  tlie  most 
open  places  plant  out  good  sized  bushes  of  the  trees 
above  named,  and  by  the  time  the  wood  has  attained 
full  size  andmaturity,  they  likewise  will  bo  beginning 
to  let  themselves  be  seen,  and  to  impart  a  cheerful- 
ness and  character  to  the  wood  that  it  is  quite 
impossible  to  supply  otherwise.  A.  D.  Wvhstci: 


INDIAN    ORCHIDS. 

{Continued  from  p.  T<i6,  vol.  i.,  3rd  ser.) 

The  nearer  we  approach  the  equator  the  more 
extended  becomes  the  period  of  rainfall,  and  thus 
the  resting  season  in  places  near  the  line  is  curtailed. 
In  the  Andaman  Islands  rain  falls  eleven  months 
out  of  the  twelve,  and  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago, 
Perak,  and  countries  and  islands  to  the  south,  there 
is  a  certain  amount  of  rain  during  the  driest  period 
of  the  year. 

The  various  varieties  of  Phalxnopsis  growing  in 
this  part  of  the  world  are  non-deciduous,  and  may 
be  said  to  grow  all  the  year  round.  The  islands  of 
the  Archipelago  are  rich  in  varieties  of  Aerides, 
Arundina,  Calanthe,  Cirrhopetalum,  Cleisostoma, 
Cujlogyne,  Cymbidium,  Cypripedium,  Dendrochilum, 
Eria,  Eulophia,  Autectochilus,  Saccolabium,  Sarcan- 
thus,  Thrixspermum,  Vanda,  &c.,  many  of  which 
have  never  reached  England  alive ;  also  a  few 
varieties  of  Dendrobium.  The  soft  condition  in 
which  all  these  are  found  (except  Dendrobiums)  as 
compared  with  allied  species  in  India,  makes  it 
(.■xtremely  difficult  to  get  the  plants  'home  in  good 
condition — few,  indeed,  surviving  the  journey.  A 
few  notes  on  special  island  forms  which  have  reached 
England  alive,  and  the  mode  in  which  they  grow, 
may  assist  cultivators  in  judging  their  requirements. 

Pkal(Bnopsiii  tetraepis. — This  plant  gi'ows  on  Man- 
grove and  other  trees,  in  very  muddy  swamps.  It  is 
never  found  gi'owing  under  any  other  conditions  ;  it 
is  only  found  on  trees  at  the  extreme  end  of  the 
creeks,  where  the  water  is  sweet ;  it  is  no  good  look- 
ing for  it  in  swamps  that  receive  sufficient  salt  water 
from  the  tide  to  make  the  water  salt.  The  plant  is 
found  hanging  from  the  branches  a  few  feet  above 
the  water ;  here  it  grows  with  the  most  extraordinary 
luxuriance.  No  one  seeing  the  wretchedly  small 
plants  of  it  which  alone  have  reached  England  alive 
can  have  an  idea  of  its  beauty  when  found  growing 
wild.  It  may  be  said  to  grow  in  a  continual  vapour 
bath,  and  as  the  swamps  have  a  very  obnoxious 
smell,  it  is  no  doubt  supplied  with  many  chemical 
compositions  which  enhance  its  growth.  It  appears 
to  be  a  difficult  plant  to  grow  in  England.  The 
conditions  under  which  it  is  found  growing  suggest 
great  heat,  moisture,  and  a  chequered  shade. 

Pftaltenopsis  spcciosa.—Tlus  plant,  discovered  by 
me,  is  nearly  allied,  but  has  a  great  advantage  over 
P.  tetraspis  in  being  a  robust  grower.  It  travels 
quite  as  badly  as  P.  tetraspis,  not  more  than  two 
plants  in  a  hundred  arriving  alive,  and  those  only 
small  plants ;  but  when  once  it  has  recovered  the 
journey  it  grows  ra])idly,  and  already  we  have 
flowered  some  tine  varieties  in  England  with  branch- 
ing spikes  of  flowers,  so  tiiat  in  a  few  years  we  may 
hope  to  flower  plants  with  twenty-five  flowers,  as 
they  are  found  in  Nature.  This  plant  does  not  grow 
in  tlie  Mangrove  swamps,  it  givnvs  on  large  trees, 
fully  exposed  to  the  air;  this  will  probably  account 
for  it  being  more  robust.  It  can  in  cultivation  stand 
a  great  deal  more  light  than  P.  tetraspis,  probably 
as  much  as  any  of  the  other  Phahvnopsis. 

Thrlxspcnnum  Bcrkcleyi.  —  This  pretty  Orchid 
grows  hanging  down  from  the  extreme  end  of  the 
branches  of  large  trees.  Its  wiiite  spray  of  flowers 
18  very  distinct  from  that  of  any  known  Orchid.  It 
is  most  like  an  Aerides,  but  the  flowers  have  quite  a 
different  form.     It  grows  well  in  England  suspended 


in  a  basket  with  a  little  moss.  It  does  not  like 
being  potted.  In  Nature  it  receives  abundant  light, 
air,  and  moisture. 

T//na-spermum  muriculatum  grows  under  similar 
conditions,  but  beyond  being  very  sweet-scented  it 
has  not  much  to  recommend  it. 

Saccolabium  dcnticulatum. — This  curious  plant  is 
abundant  on  the  island  of  Narcondam.  It  is  very 
sweet-scented,  but  is  an  extremely  difficult  plant  to 
grow  in  England.  It  has  no  resting  season  under  its 
natural  conditions,  and  appears  to  resent  the  forced 
resting  season  it  gets  in  England. 

In  India  and  Burmah  the  resting  season  is  from 
three  to  six  months  in  Orchid  growing  districts  ;  in 
the  Archipelago  the  resting  season  probably  does  not 
exceed  six  weeks.  These  points  are  worth  noting 
in  growing  Orchids  coming  from  these  districts. 
K  6'.  B. 

(To  be  continued.) 


STRAY    NOTES    ON    HARDY 
PLANTS. 

CConcluded  from  p.  i>:\.) 
Campanula  alpina  (Jacquin). — Of  tliis  rare  species 
I  have  had  two  or  three  dozen  fine  plants.  Thev 
flower  about  the  end  of  April,  and  look  like  a  dwarf 
Canterbury  Bell,  4  inches  high,  with  a  pyramid  of 
flowers,  each  less  than  an  inch  long.  Dr.  Kegel  sent 
me  the  seed  in  tlie  spring  of  1.S85.  I  have  before 
had  them  from  Jfessrs.  Fra-bel,  They  grow  for  two 
years  and  then  flower,  and  with  me,  I  regret  to  say, 
generally  die  after  flowering  without  making  any 
seed,  though  they  are  by  nature  perennial. 

Omphalodcs  Liicilia.— This  at  last  seems  happy 
with  me  on  the  level  top  of  a  granite  rockery, 
growing  in  nearly  pure  granite  sand,  and  exposed  to 
full  sun.  There  it  has  grown  well  for  two  years, 
flowering  and  ripening  seed  plentifully.  Mr.  Paul 
grows  it  very  well  at  Broxbourne  on  a  north  slope  of 
his  rockery,  but  the  climate  is  drier  and  more  sunny 
than  Cheshire. 

Aphyllanthes  monspdiensis. — This  prettylittle  Rush- 
like plant  witli  light  blue  flowers,  produced  in  June, 
is  not  often  seen.  It  is  something  like  Sisyrin- 
chium  bermudianum,  but  neater  and  more  refined, 
though  not  showy  ;  it  is  never  in  the  way.  It  is 
quite  hardy,  and  easily  increased. 

Aiifmonc  jmrcissiflora  docs  exceptionally  well  here 
in  rather  strong  moist  soil,  and  sheltered  from  full 
sun.  Well  established  plants  are  18  inches  high, 
with  a  dozen  umbels  of  flowers  five  or  six  to  each 
umbel,  bearing  some  likeness  to  Apple  blossom.  A. 
polyanthes,  from  tlie  Himalayas,  which  after  two 
years  without  flowers  has  now  flowered  freelv,  is  like 
a  coarse  strong  form  of  the  same  plant,  but  decidedly 
less  ornamental.  The  leaves  are  less  divided  than 
those  of  A.  narcissiflora,  and  the  habit  of  the  plant 
less  elegant. 

Hkraciimi  vUlosum. — I  give  the  name  with  some 
doubt,  but  the  plant  intended  is  one  of  the  very  best 
garden  decorations  in  May  and  June.  It  sends  out 
towards  the  sun,  which  it  loves,  horizontal  flower- 
stems,  18  inches  long,  from  a  tuft  of  very  woolly  and 
large  leaves,  the  stalk  being  also  leafy  and  woolly  ; 
and  the  flowers,  which  are  as  large  as  Dandelions, 
are  very  abundant,  and  pale  gold  in  colour.  I  raised 
it  from  W.  Thompson's  seed,  and  whether  the  name 
is  right  or  not,  the  plant  ouglit  to  be  grown  abun- 
dantly in  every  garden  on  the  sunny  side  of  flower 
beds.  It  never  seems  to  flag,  however  hot  the  sun  or 
dry  the  soil. 

Linum  narhonense  is  by  far  tlie  finest  of  the  blue 
Flaxes,  but  is  rarely  seen  true  to  name.  It  has  the 
character  of  not  being  hardy,  but  it  has  survived 
five  winters  in  my  garden,  and  is  now  very  beautiful. 
The  flowers  are  very  large  and  campanulate,  the 
caly.x  being  long.  The  habit  is  not  tall  or  upright, 
but  very  spreading.  I  am  sorry  to  say  that  Linum 
perenne,  a  very  inferior  plant,  is  often  sold  for  it. 

Pentslemon  Scottkri. — Tliis  early  flowering  shrubby 
Pentstemon  requires  a  dry  warm  place,  and  for 
many  years  it  died  out-of-doors  every  winter  ;  but  it 
has  now  lived  through  three  winters,  and  was  very 


good  this  spring,  making  a  low  bush  a  yard  through, 
covered  all  May  with  large  pale  purple  flowers. 

Orohits  for})ii>:<us  var.  roseiifi.  —  Under  this  name 
seed  came  to  me  from  that  treasury  of  rare  and 
beautiful  plants,  Mr.  W.  Thompson "s  seed  shop,  at 
Ipswich.  It  produced  plants  a  foot  or  more  high, 
the  stems  bending  over  and  branching  gracefuUv, 
the  foliage  good  in  form  and  colour,  the  flowers  of 
a  bright  rose  colour,  jn-oduced  in  pairs  on  slender 
pedicels  from  the  axils  of  the  upper  leaves.  Many 
visitors  to  my  garden  ask  for  a  piece,  but  none  can 
make  it  grow,  and  it  ripens  seed  sparingly.  I 
cannot  find  it  figured  or  described,  and  the  name  is 
no  longer  in  Mr.  Thompson's  catalogue. 

Achillea  mongolica. — Professor  Michael  Foster  gave 
me  this  last  year.  It  is  well  worth  growing,  being  a 
very  large-flowered  likeness  of  A.  ptarmica.  The 
flowers  are  in  large  bunches,  pure  white,  and  each  of 
them  the  size  of  a  shilling.  The  plant  runs  freely, 
and  should  have  wide  room.  C.  Wolley  Dod,  Edge 
Hall,  Malpas.  June  21. 


OUR    NATIVE     FERNS    AND 
THEIR  VARIETIES. 

On  Variation  Generally. — To  those  who  have 
taken  up  the  study  of  our  native  Ferns,  and  thus  be- 
come cognisant  with  the  innumerable  forms,  beauti- 
ful as  well  as  curious,  into  which  these  have  sported, 
not  only  under  culture,  but  to  a  far  greater  extent, 
under  natural  conditions,  it  is  a  source  of  sur- 
prise that  the  general  public  should  |iractically  be  so 
ignorant  of  their  existence.  In  fact,  not  only 
are  the  abnormal  varieties  unknown,  but  the  major 
parts  of  the  species  themselves,  for  although  thou- 
sands of  gardens  and  rockeries  containing  Ferns  may 
be  seen,  these  will  almost  invariably  be  found  flUed 
with  the  common  male  Fern  or  Lady  Fern,  and  here 
and  there  a  ilart's-tongue  or  Polystichum.  Any 
attempt  at  greater  variety  is  a  rarity,  and  not  only  is 
this  the  case  with  the  general  public,  but  the  bulk  of 
the  horticultural  trade  which  caters  for  it,  not  only 
ignores  the  existence  of  the  varieties,  but  actually 
contributes  to  the  neglect  of  British  Ferus  generally  by 
offering  them  for  sale — when  nurserymen  condescend 
to  do  so  at  all — in  the  mo.st  slovenly  fashion,  exhibit- 
ing them  iu  a  crushed  and  draggled  state,  loose  in 
bo.xes  at  their  doors,  exposed  to  all  vicissitudes  of 
sun  and  wind — their  greatest  foes ;  while  exotic 
Ferns  are  given  places  of  honour  in  their  windows, 
carefully  potted,  and  made  as  attractive  as  possible, 
though  after  all  many  of  our  British  forms  could 
compete  with  the  best  of  these  under  like  careful 
treatment.  Indeed,  I  would  challenge  any  nurseryman 
to  jiroduce  specimen  plants  of  the  current  species  of 
exotic  Ferns,  which  could  not  be  surpassed  in 
beauty  and  delicacy  by  plants  of  native  origin.  I 
write  this  after  going  carefully  through  a  catalogue 
of  e.Kotic  and  British  Ferns  issued  by  a  firm  of  high 
standing,  and  finding  parallels  in  the  list  of  the 
latter  for  every  really  beautiful  plant  named  iu  the 
former,  filmy  Ferns  alone  excepted. 

This  neglect  is  the  more  astonishing  because, 
some  thirty  years  ago,  the  then  known  varieties 
attracted  a  fair  share  of  attention,  so  that  not  only 
were  collections  the  fashion,  but  some  of  the  high 
authorities  in  botanical  circles,  especially  the  late 
lamented  Mr.  Thomas  iMoore  and  Mr.  E.  G.  Lowe, 
issued  splendidly  illustrated  records  embracing  as  far 
as  possible  all  the  distinct  varieties  raised  or  found  at 
that  time.  The  "  rage,"  as  it  appears  to  have  been, 
for  these  beautiful  plants  lias  however  had  the  usual 
result,  viz.,  a  reaction,  which  has  lasted  until  now  in 
the  shape  of  such  neglect  of  the  subject  generally 
that  the  nurserymen  in  Great  Britain  from  whom 
fair  examples  of  existing  types  of  variation  can  be 
procured,  may  be  counted  upon  the  fingers,  while 
the  private  collections  are  hardly  more  numerous. 

Thanks,  however,  to  the  persistent  interest  shown 
by  these  few,  and  especially  by  such  enthusiasts  as 
Mr.  G.  B.  Wollaston,  Colonel  Jones,  of  Clifton,  and 
others,  not  only  have  the  best  of  the  varieties 
formerly  known  been  enabled  to  survive,  but  a  host 
of  new  and,  in  many  cases,  far  superior  and  more 


JuiT  18,  1887.1 


THE    GARDE NEB 8 


'    CjH. 


RON  I  CLE. 


75 


beautiful  forms  have  been  found  wild  or  raised  under 
culture  by  careful  selection.  It  follows  that  the 
illustrated  records  of  sixteen  to  twenty  years  ago 
yield  only  an  imperfect  notion  of  the  many  gems  of 
Nature's  handiwork  which  now  grace  the  existing 
collections,  gratifying  the  tastes  of  tlie  few  instead 
of,  as  they  should  do  if  properly  recognised,  tlie 
many. 

During  the  past  two  years,  however,  there  have 
been  manifest  signs  of  a  renewal  of  that  interest  in 
these  plants,  and  the  most  gratifying  evidence  of  this 
is  tlie  establishment  at  Kew  of  a  new  rockery,  which 
s  to  be  specially  devoted  to  them.  This  fills  a  long- 
felt  gap  in  our  national  collection  of  British  Flora, 
the  extent  of  which  will  only  be  adequately  appre- 
ciated when  the  general  public  are  enabled  to  judge 


rockery  alone  in  a  comparatively  dry  climate  cannot 
possibly  atford. 

With  some  of  the  finest  varieties  before  me  at  the 
present  moment  I  can  safelv  affirm  that  there  is  no 
class  of  vegetation  more  worthy  of  study  in  our 
schools  of  art.  Mr.  Britten,  in  his  European  Ferns, 
points  out  the  capacity  of  the  normal  frond  in  this 
direction  in  its  various  stages  of  growth ;  but  grace- 
ful as  this  may  be  it  needs  a  study  of  the  more  highly 
developed  and  extremely  ornate  variation  to  pro- 
perly appreciate  the  elaborate  and  intricate  tracery 
of  lacelike  delicacy  shown  in  some  of  the  best  Lady 
Ferns,  or  the  bolder  treatment  evinced  in  other  types, 
such  as  the  frilled  and  fimbriated  Hart's-tongues.  A 
careful  study  of  these  types  would  be  a  liberal  educa- 
tion for  technical  designers  and  draughtsmen  of  all 


together  plants  of  various  species,  which  in  their 
normal  forms  nobody  could  class  together,  but 
wliich,  by  varying  in  the  same  direction,  have  become 
so  similar  that  it  needs  close  in-spection  by  the  best 
judges  to  determine  any  difference  at  all.  No  two 
Ferns,  for  instance,  can  be  more  dissimilar  than  the 
common  Hart's-tongue  and  the  Lady  Fern — the  one 
a  strap-shaped  frond,  the  other  a  long  feathery  one 
divided  into  innumerable  segments;  yet  there  are 
dwarf  densely  crested  forms  of  both  of  these,  which 
are  all  but  undistinguishable  the  one  from  the  other. 
The  specific  distinction,  however — i.e.,  the  character 
of  the  spore-heaps — are  maintained  through  nearly 
all  metamorphoses. 

Variation,  as  is  generally  knoivn,  is  common  to 
all  types  of  organic   life,  and  just  as  no  two  men 


i'lG.    16. — HATFIELD  :     VIEW   FROM    THE    TOP   OF   THE   VIXEVARD.       (SEE   P.    7'J.) 


for  themselves  the  nature  of  the  beauties  and  oddities 
which  the  variable  character  of  our  few  normal  types 
of  Ferns  has  afforded.  It  is,  however,  to  be  hoped 
that  tlie  Kew  authorities  will  see  their  way  to 
go  a  step  further  and  devote  a  small  unheated 
house  to  some  of  the  smaller  and  more  delicate 
forms,  since  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  the  climate 
of  London  is  not  so  well  adapted  to  the  requirements 
of  all  the  species  that  they  can  fairly  be  expected  to 
thrive  in  all  cases  without  protection.  Some  of  the 
more  delicate  varieties,  too,  imperatively  demand  pro- 
tection from  wind,  and  under  normal  exposure  would 
yield  but  a  sorry  idea  of  what  they  are  capable  of 
becoming  under  such  congenial  conditions  as  would 
be  afforded  them  in  some  secluded  nook  in  such  a 
climate  as  th-at  of  Devon.  To  represent  the  tribe 
fairly,  therefore,  as  near  an  approach  as  possible  to 
their  normal  habitats  and  atmospheric  conditions 
must  be  made,   and   this  it  is    manifest   an   open 


kinds,  for  here  we  liave  Nature  at  her  best ;  while 
even  in  the  merely  curious  forms,  where  eccentricity 
rather  than  beauty  has  characterised  her  efforts, 
there  would  be  found  many  a  hint  worthy  of 
adoption. 

With  the  view,  therefore,  of  contributing  a  quota 
to  this  promised  revival,  I  purpose  giving  descrip- 
tions of  some  of  the  most  striking  varieties  extant, 
couched  in  a  popular  form,  and  handicapped  as  little 
as  possible  by  those  terrilile  botanical  names  which 
are  so  often  a  bugbear  to  tlie  amateur. 

These  descriptions  will  be  accompanied  by  any 
details  regarding  their  di.scovery  or  origin  which 
may  be  of  interest,  and  prefaced  by  some  observations 
on  Fern  hunting,  culture,  and  propagation. 

Before,  however,  proceeding  to  do  this,  it  will  be 
well  to  classify  and  define,  as  far  as  possible,  the 
main  types  of  variation,  some  of  which  are  common 
to  numerous  species ;  ind''ed,  it  is  possible  to  bring 


are  exactly  alike  in  feature,  stature,  or  disposition, 
so  no  two  plants  are  exact  counterparts  of  each 
other  so  far  as  outward  appearance  goes,  or  pro- 
bably even  in  constitution.  It  is  owing  to  this, 
generally  only  slight,  divergence  of  the  offspring  from 
the  parent  type  and  from  each  other,  that  our  horse, 
dog,  and  cattle  breeders,  as  well  as  our  fioricultnrists 
and  fruit  culturists,  by  constant  selection  of  those 
individuals  which  show  the  greatest  tendency  in  any 
given  direction,  have  been  able  to  give  us  those 
extremely  distinct  types  of  horse,  dog,  cattle,  flower, 
or  fruit,  which  we  now  employ  or  enjoy.  It 
is  not,  however,  solely  to  this  artificial  selection 
that  we  are  indebted  —  i.e.,  it  is  not  merely  by 
the  slow  accretion  of  slight  differences  that  such 
results  have  been  reached.  Nature  here  and  there 
makes,  as  it  were,  a  jump  backwarks,  the  result 
of  which  is  that  types  differing  in  a  very 
marked  degree  from  the  (nearer)  progenitors  make 


'76 


THE    GAB  DENE  n  S'     CHI?  ONI  CLE. 


[JtJLT  16,  1887. 


their  appearance,  ami  constitute  really  special 
creations.  In  the  animal  world  this  happens  rarely, 
though  by  reference  to  Mr.  Darwin's  Animals  and 
Plants  under  Domcslkation,  some  most  striking  in- 
stances will  be  found  recorded.  In  flowering  plants, 
as  every  horticulturist  knows,  the  cases  are  numerous 
enough,  marked  variations  appearing  quite  suddenly, 
and  enabling  the  grower  to  make  an  immense  stride 
in  very  oiten  a  new  and  unforeseen  direction. 
Hybridisation  is  also  a  potent  factor,  but  does  not 
materially  affect  my  subject,  the  microscopic  cha- 
racter of  the  reproductive  phenomena  of  Ferns  pre- 
cluding any  very  reliable  results,  though  hybrids 
undeniably  have  been  intentionally  produced,  the 
joint  characteristics  of  both  parents  being  manifest 
in  the  offspring. 

In  Ferns,  however,  it  seems  the  rule  rather  than 
e.xce])tion  that  Nature  proceeds  per  saltum,  since  the 
most  marked  varieties  have  almost  always  been  dis- 
covered "wild  and  solitary,  no  plants  having  been 
found  of  intermediate  form  likely  to  be  a  connecting 
link.  The  normal  type  once  departed  from,  the 
tendency  to  vary  seemed  enhanced,  and  hence, 
starting  from  these  wild  plants,  a  great  number  of  im- 
proved— i.e.,  more  beautiful  or  more  curious — forms 
have  been  raised  by  the  ordinary  selective  method. 
It  is  a  well  recognised  fact,  that  in  the  great 
majority  of  cases  these  abnormal  forms  yield  true 
offspring  ;  some  seem  never  to  revert  to  the  normal ; 
othei's,  however,  are  extremely  wayward,  not  only  in 
respect  to  their  offspring  but  also  in  their  individual 
retention  of  tlie  .abnormal  characteristics.  Many  of 
the  finest  forms  of  Polystichum  sometimes  suddenly 
revert  to  the  normal  form  for  a  time,  and  then  re- 
assume  their  abnormality ;  some  Ferns  through  their 
spores  produce  all  grades  of  their  peculiar  variation, 
ranging  from  quite  normal  up  to  more  marked  types 
than  themselves :  these  are  naturally  fertile  sources 
of  new  forms.  On  the  other  hand,  hundreds  of  more 
peculiar  forms  may  be  raised,  all  without  any  detect- 
able difference  from  the  parental  type. 

The  main  ty]ies  of  variation  wliich  are  common 
to  most  of  our  Britisli  species,  and  probably  to  most 
e.\otic  ones,  though  tliis  is  not  yet  established,  owing 
to  greater  dilHculty  of  search,  are — 

Crcstation  (i.e.,  a  multiplication  of  some  or  all  of 
the  extremities  of  the  fronds  and  their  sub-divisions). 
— This  ranges  from  a  simple  forking  of  the  tip  of  the 
fronds  only,  to  an  infinite  division  of  all  the  p.arts 
from  the  main  stem  upwards,  and  has  been  carried  to 
such  an  extent  in  one  of  the  Lady  Ferns  (Athyrium 
Filix-foemina  var.  aerocladon),  that  instead  of  a  flat 
feathery  frond  we  have,  apparently,  a  ball  of  very 
fine  moss  all  but  resting  on  the  soil.  This  cresting, 
which  more  commonly  takes  the  form  of  a  more  or 
less  heavy  tassel,  is  in  its  turn  varied  infinitely 
in  its  character,  not  merely  by  the  multiplication  of 
the  divisions  which  form  it,  but  also  by  the  mode  of 
division.  Thus,  it  may  divide  symmetrically  in  the 
same  plane,  forming  a  wide  or  a  narrow  fan-shaped 
crest,  or  these  divisions  may  be  again  subdivided 
symmetrically  at  greater  or  less  distances,  forming  a 
flat  latticework.  Let  then  each  division  be  more  or 
less  twisted  and  every  degree  of  curvature  will  give 
a  different  effect,  or  the  simple  fan  may  be  elongated 
and  the  tips  fanned  out  again.  Here  we  have  mani- 
festly already  a  great  scope,  yet  this  is  doubled  by 
.the  capacity  of  the  divisions  to  radiate  like  the 
blossoms  of  a  Geranium  (corymbiferous),  with  all  the 
like  variations  repeated.  The  crest  may  also  be 
formed  by  undivided  expansion  of  the  tips — like  a 
duck's  foot,  instead  of  a  crow's,  to  give  a  familiar 
.example;  and  then  again  all  these  combinations  are 
.  connected  with  other  varying  characteristics  of  the 
frond  itself,  which  may  have  overlapping  or  distant 
sub-divisions  (pinna:,  pinnules,  or  pinnulets,  accord- 
ing as  they  form  first,  second,  or  third  divisions),  all 
of  which  differences  affect  the  result  so  much  that 
the  eye  can  easily  distinguish  the  differences  which 
characterise  many  variations  of  the  same  normal 
form.  This  cresting  in  one  or  other  of  its  forms  is 
the  cliaracteristic  of  the  magic  number  of  variations. 

Plumafion. — This  is  by  some  considered,  and  with 
reason,  the  most  beautiful  mode  of  variation   yet 


discovered.  It  consists  either  in  a  much  more 
delicate  division  and  growth  of  the  ultimate  sections 
of  the  frond,  or  in  a  greater  foliaceous  development, 
the  result  being  as  great  a  difference  as  that  between 
a  goose  feather  and  an  ostrich  fe.ather  among  the 
divided  Ferns,  such  as  the  Lady  Fern,  and  between  a 
plain  strap  and  an  elaborate  fringed  frill  in  the  case 
of  the  Hart's-tongue  type.  In  this  class  of  variation 
the  normal  outline  of  the  frond  is  maintained, 
except  of  course  where  it  is  combined  with  cristation, 
which  frequently  is  the  case.  The  plumose  charac- 
ter is  usually  accompanied  by  partial  or  entire 
absence  of  spores,  tlie  vigour  of  the  plant  being  ap- 
parently absorbed  by  its  extra  development  in  other 
directions.  There  seem,  however,  good  grounds  for 
the  belief  that  though  spores  are  not  formed,  the 
reproductive  powers  of  the  plant  are  enhanced  in 
other  ways,  such  as  by  the  production  of  buds,  latent 
or  evident,  on  various  parts  of  the  frond.  From 
experiments  the  writer  finds  that  the  barren  Hart's- 
tongue  can  be  propagated  much  more  freely  from 
latent  buds  at  the  bases  of  the  fronds  than  is  the 
case  with  fertile  varieties.  This  would  harmonise 
with  Darwin's  Iiypothesis  of  Pangenesis,  and  suggests 
the  advisability  of  a  closer  investigation  of  the  so- 
called  barren  forms  generally.  Dwarfing  and 
depauperation  are  self-descriptive  terms,  and  embrace 
mainly  those  forms  which  are  more  curious  than 
beautiful ;  some,  however,  of  the  dwarfed  forms  are 
extremely  pretty,  and  are  sjiecially  adapted  for  small 
collections. 

Congestion. — This  also  characterises  many  of  the 
prettiest  forms,  and  is  usually  conjoined  with  dwarf- 
ing, all  the  parts  of  the  frond  being,  as  it  were, 
closely  pressed  togetlier  and  overlapping. 

The  above  form  the  main  classes  of  variation,  and 
two  or  more  of  them  may  be,  and  often  are,  conjoined 
in  one  and  the  same  plant,  which  of  course  immensely 
increases  the  possibilities.  Besides  these  there  are 
endless  forms  wliich  can  only  be  classed  as  oddities. 
There  are,  for  instance,  the  proliferous  forms,  where 
young  plants  bud  out  at  any  point ;  cornute  and 
truncate  forms,  where  the  midrib  suddenly  projects 
from  the  face  or  back  of  tlie  frond  like  a  Thorn,  or 
tlie  frond  ends  as  suddenly  in  a  pocket,  a  horn,  or  a 
frill,  or  all  these  combined  ;  serpentine  forms,  where 
all  the  parts  .and  the  whole  Fern  itself  are  twisted 
about  like  a  serpent;  marginate  forms,  where  lines 
or  ridges  run  aloug  the  upper  or  under  surface; 
revolute  forms,  where  the  frond  is  rolled  up  longi- 
tudinally like  a  tube  ;  and  so  on  ad  infinitum.  Charles 
T.  Briieri/,  F.L.S. 


following  varieties  of  Fuchsias  also  received  three 
marks : — Light  varieties :  Mrs.  Bright,  wliite  tube 
and  sepals,  deep  pink  corolla  ;  Prince  Alfred,  white 
tube  and  sepals,  and  deep  purple  corolla  ;  Kose  of 
Castille,  a  fine  old  decorative  and  exhibition  variety; 
Mr.  Rundell,  salmon  tube  and  sepals,  and  reddish- 
carmine  corolla;  and  Marginata,  white  tube  and 
sepals,  the  pink  corolla,  having  a  Picotee  edge  of 
carmine — one  of  the  best  exhibition  Fuchsias.  Dark 
varieties :  Roderick  Dim,  red  tube  and  sepals,  and 
violet  corolla,  which  expands  until  it  stand  out  quite 
horizontal ;  Gracieux,  red  tube  and  sepals,  and 
bright  purple  corolla ;  Dr.  Sankey,  red  tube 
and  sepals,  and  shaded  crimson  corolla,  very  fine 
and  free ;  Adolphe  Legour,  bright  red  tube  and 
sepals,  purple  crimson  corolla ;  Charming,  red  tube 
and  sepals,  and  purple-coralla — very  fine  and  free, 
a  grand  decorative  variety ;  Sedan,  red  tube  and 
sepals,  and  carmine-crimson  corolla,  pale  red  tube  and 
sepals,  with  double  white  corolla,  very  fine  and  free 
Mr.  Richard  Paxton,  deep  bright  red  tube  and  sepals, 
with  maroon  corolla,  distinct  and  effective  golden 
foliage  ;  and  Frau  Emma  Topfer,  bright  coral-red 
tube  and  sepals,  with  pale  rose  double  corolla.  Two 
marks  were  awarded  to  Wave  of  Life,  red  tube  and 
sepals  and  deep  purple  corolla,  and  distinct  golden 
foliage. 

Fruit  Committee  Awards.— Three  marks  were  also 
awarded  to  the  following  Peas  by  this  committee: — 
Chelsea  Gem,  a  very  dwarf  early  variety  that  appears 
to  be  identical  in  all  respects  with  William  Hurst, 
differing  only  in  the  seed,  being  pale  instead  of  olive ; 
Exonian,  3i  feet,  early,  bearing  short,  pale  green  well 
filled  pods,  of  excellent  flavour;  this  variety  needs  a 
free  selection  before  it  is  sent  out ;  and  Laxton's 
No.  C,  dwarf  and  early,  18  inches  in  height,  large 
full  pods,  a  good  useful  garden  variety. 


FLORAL  COMMITTEE  AWARDS 
AT  SOUTH  KENSIXGTON. 
A  MEETiNO  of  the  Floral  Committee  was  held  at 
Chiswick  on  July  1,  there  being  a  good  attendance  of 
members,  Mr.  Shirley  Hibberd  in  tlie  chair,  when  the 
following  varieties  of  Ivy-leaved  Palargoniums  re- 
ceived each  three  marks,  equivalent  to  a  I'irst-class 
Certificate  of  Merit : — Massenet,  rosy-mauve,  shaded 
with  crimson  ;  General  Negrin,  bright  jiink,  suffused 
with  salmon-rose  ;  M.adame  Tliibaut,  clear  rose,  with 
slight  mauve  shading ;  Emily  Lemoine,  pale  bright 
orange-red  ;  A.  F.  Barron,  pale  pink,  very  free  and 
fine  ;  Jeanne  d'Arc,  the  best  white ;  Alice  Crousse, 
rosy-mauve,  shaded  with  purple;  Madame  Cochine, 
pale  blush ;  Laura  Daise,  rosy-carmine,  a  fine  compact 
flower,  and  good  truss;  Abel  Carricre,  rose,  shaded 
with  mauve — very  fine  and  free  ;  and  Mrs.  David 
Saunders,  clear  jiale  pink,  large  pip  and  truss.  All 
the  foregoing  are  double  flowering  varieties.  The 
following  received  two  marks: — Congo  (double), 
rosy  mauve-pink,  good  habit  ;  and  Cannell's 
Gem  (single),  white  changing  to  pale  pink, 
with  rosy-pink  spots  on  the  upjjer  segments. 
It  may  be  remarked  that  a  good  deal  of  confu- 
sion exists  among  the  Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums,  the 
same  variety  appearing  to  exist  under  two  or  three 
names.  If  a  sub-committee  of  the  Floral  Committee 
could  be  appointed  to  revise  the  list  of  varieties,  put- 
ting all  synonyms  under  one  heading,  a  good  deal  of 
this  perplexing  confusion  might  be  removed.     The 


The  Flower  Garden. 


Watehing.  —  This  will  now  occupy  the  largest 
share  of  attention.  It  should  be  done  thoroughly ; 
far  better  water  one  or  two  beds  at  a  time  effectually 
than  many  slightly.  This  operation  is  best  per- 
formed in  the  evening,  or  else  advantage  taken  of  a 
cloudy  day.  As  soon  as  the  surface  afterwards  is 
sufficiently  dry  the  Dutch  hoe  should  be  employed  to 
keep  the  surface  open. 

Bedding  Plants. — These  will  now  have  covered  the 
ground,  but  the  season  has  not,  so  far,  been  favour- 
able to  their  growth.  The  plants  are  more  disposed 
to  blossom  than  to  grow.  Where  the  flowers  are  not 
required  for  immediate  display  these  should  be 
removed  altogether ;  by  so  doing  the  plants  will  be 
induced  to  make  further  growth.  Carnations  should 
be  layered  forthwith,  and  prior  to  layering  give  the 
beds  a  thorough  soaking  with  w.ater.  When  the 
plants  are  in  full  bloom  an  a^vning  of  some  kind 
should  be  stretched  over  the  beds  to  shield  them 
from  sun  and  damp,  wdiich  very  speedily  destroy  the 
blooms. 

J^uscs. — Beds  and  stand.ards  of  these  must  receive 
copious  waterings,  to  keep  them  in  health.  A  good 
syringing  with  the  garden  engine  will  keep  away  red- 
spider  and  other  pests.  Let  all  budding  be  seen  to 
as  speedily  as  possible.  Examine  the  tying  material 
on  the  earlier  budded  stocks,  and  if  the  buds  have 
taken  remove  it.  Last  season's  buds  generally  gi'ow 
strong  the  following  season,  and  when  opening  their 
flowers  are  liable  to  get  broken  off,  therefore  a  stake 
should  be  made  fast  to  the  stock,  and  the  shoots 
loosely  fastened  to  it.  Remove  the  blossoms  as 
soou  as  fully  expanded,  and  stop  all  small  growths. 
Tie  up  the  shoots  of  Roses  on  pillars  and  screens ; 
and  do  not  allow  them -to  be  blown  about  by  the 
wind. 

Looking  ahead. — A  general  system  of  note-taking 
should  now  be  resorted  to  for  the  purpose  of  correct- 
ing any  errors  of  arrangement.  The  exact  height 
and  spread  of  the  various  ])lants  used,  the  number  of 
plants  required  for  the  next  season's  display;  and  also 
take  note  of  any  alteration  that  would  prove  advan- 
tageous in  the  design  ;  moreover,  it  is  much  easier  to 
ascertain  what  requires  alteration  when  the  beds  are 
furnislied  than  when  em]>ty. 

The  Rockery  should  receive  liberal  syringings  during 
hot  weather,  and   frequent  inspection,  to  see  that 


July  16,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


t 


17 


none  of  the  occupants  in  the  higher  parts  suffer  from 
lack  of  water.  The  stones  should  be  sj-ringed  when 
the  sun  has  departed.  Many  of  these  subjects  are 
natives  of  great  altitudes,  and  some  of  them  come  from 
the  shaded  recesses  of  mountains  where  they  are  con- 
stantly cool.  If  such  be  subjected  to  an  arid  atmo- 
sphere they  are  certain  to  be  seriously  injured. 
Remove  the  flower-stems  and  dead  foliage,  and  apply 
a  little  sharp  soil  to  the  stems  to  induce  the  forma- 
tion of  fresh  roots. 

Seeds,  ij'c. — Sow  those  of  any  plants  as  soon  as 
ripe.  Polyanthus  and  Primrose,  if  sown  now  in  a 
moist,  warm  atmosphere,  and  pricked  off  as  they 
advance  in  growth,  will  bloom  next  spring  as  soon 
as  the  plants  are  strong  enough.  They  should  be 
planted  out  in  good  rich  soil.  Put  m  cuttings  of 
Pansies,  choosing  the  young  shoots  which  spring 
from  the  base  of  the  plants  ;  it  does  not  matter  how 
small  the  cuttings  may  be,  for  they  will  be  preferable 
to  the  old  flower-stems.  Cuttings  of  Hollyhock 
should  also  be  put  in  under  hand-lights  in  a  shady 
position,  choosing  young  offsets ;  but  in  absence  of 
these  the  lateral  growths  may  be  cut  into  single 
eyes,  and  inserted  into  shai'p  sand.  Nearly  every 
one  will  make  a  plant.  Increase  the  stock  of 
Phloxes  and  other  herbaceous  plants.  William 
Baillie,  Luton  Hoo  Farl\ 


now  have  finished  its  pseudobulbs,  and  can  be  taken 
to  a  cool-house,  and  placed  near  the  roof-glass  on 
the  sunny  side,  giving  it  less  water  as  the  bulljs 
ripen.  Soon  after  Miltouia  vexillaria  starts  its 
new  gi-owth  is  a  good  time  for  repotting  it.  If 
there  be  any  signs  of  insects  infesting  them,  it  will 
be  best  to  dip,  and  clean  them  before  the  roots  are 
disturbed.  After  the  potting  is  commenced  keep 
the  plants  more  shaded,  damping  the  floor  and  stage 
often.  Keep  the  surface  of  the  potting  maaterial 
moist,  but  do  not  give  heavy  waterings  until  the 
plants  are  again  in  active  growth.  For  potting 
only  the  fibre  of  tlie  peat  should  be  used,  two  parts 
of  this  and  one  of  sphagnum  ;  drain  the  pots  to 
about  two-thirds  their  depth  with  new  crocks,  mix- 
ing some  with  the  compost  as  the  potting  proceeds. 
C.  JVnolford,  Downside,  Leatherhcad, 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


YouNO  Vines. — These,  if  treated  as  recommended 
at  p.  771  of  last  volume  will  have  made  satisfactory 
progress.  Assuming  that  the  individual  Vines  have 
been   stopped   once   or  twice   since,   and   that  the 


encouraging  a  corresponding  amount  of  growth  at 
the  roots. 

Watering  and  Ventilation. — Give  copious  supplies 
of  water  at  the  roots  every  eight  or  ten  days ; 
syringe  the  Vines  and  house  generally  morning  and 
afternoon  at  closing  time,  and  damp  the  pathways, 
&c.,  about  mid-day,  and  again  soon  after  the  sun 
has  gone  oft"  the  house  in  tha  evening,  as  much 
with  a  view  to  promoting  a  genial  atmosphere  as 
to  prevent  the  Vines  being  attacked  by  red-spider. 
Ventilate  the  vineries  freely  between  the  hours  of 
admitting  fresh  air  in  the  morning  (after  that  which 
had  been  put  on  late  in  the  evening  has  been  taken 
oft'  for  an  hour  wlien  damping  the  Vines,  &c.,  at 
6  A.M.),  and  taking  it  otf  in  the  evening,  so  as  to 
secure  a  short-jointed  and  firm  growth,  without 
which  the  best  results  cannot  be  expected  from  the 
Vines.  H.  W.  Ward,  Lonqford  Castle. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 

Grebnhoosb  Rhododendrons.  —  The  beautiful 
species  and  hybrids  of  the  Himalayan  and  Javaii 
Rhododendrons  ought  to  receive  more  extended 
cultivation  than  they  do  at  the  hands  of  gardeners, 


Fig.  17. — uatiield  :   liAuiATixG  avenue  of  trained  tews. 


Fig     18— HATFIELD        PLII    ULL     Ul     rUZZAGAFDEN       (SEE  F    79) 


The  Orchid  Houses. 


THE  CATTLEYA  HOUSE. 

Here  we  have  been  gay  with  flowers  of  Cattleya 
Gaskelliana  and  the  different  types  of  C.  gigas.  The 
former  takes  kindly  to  our  treatment  of  it,  and 
grows  freely  either  on  a  raft  or  in  pots.  With  us  C. 
gigas  opens  its  flowers  at  the  same  time  as,  and 
associates  very  well  with,  C.  Gaskelliana,  the  rich 
colom'ed  labellums  of  the  former  making  a  good 
contrast  to  the  rather  monotonous  tints  of  C.  Gas- 
kelliana. 

Miscellaneous. — Cattleya  citrina,  now  starting  to 
grow,  should  be  suspended,  in  the  lightest  part  of 
the  house  in  wliich  the  Lycastes  are  grown.  The 
plants  will  require  a  good  watering  every  day  during 
bright  weather.  The  watering-pot  is  best  to  use  for 
these,  as  to  syringe  them  is  dangerous,  the  water 
being  sometimes  driven  into  the  young  growths, 
causing  decay.  About  two  years  ago  I  fastened 
some  imported  plants  of  this  Cattleya  on  to  the 
rafts  and  suspended  them,  so  that  the  plants  hung 
beneath  the  rafts.  These  bloomed  freely,  and  are  now 
breaking  strongly.  Oncidium  cheirophorum  should 
be  always  kept  wet  during  its  season  of  growth.  It 
enjoys  a  well-ventilated  moist  house,  a  little  warmer 
than  for  cool  Odontoglossums.  The  flowers  of  Epi- 
dendrum  vitellinum  majus  should  not  be  kept  on 
the  plants  too  long,  as  this  tends  to  weaken  the  new 
growths  that  are  now  forming.  If  Dendrobium 
Cambrid^eanum  has  been  grown  in  much  heat  it  will 


laterals  resulting  from  the  said  stopping  have  been 
pinched  out  as  soon  as  they  appeared,  thereby 
causing  the  latent  bud  at  the  base  (which,  if  the 
laterals  had  been  allowed  to  grow,  as  is  frequently 
the  case,  would  not  move  until  next  year)  to  push 
into  growth  after  a  lapse  of  a  week  or  ten  days,  tiie 
sap  in  the  meantime  will  be  necessarily  directed  to 
the  development  of  both  stem  and  buds  below. 
Thus  treated,  an  uniform  plumpness  in  the  buds  is 
secured  throughout  the  entire  length  of  the  rods. 
When  the  Vines  so  stopped  have  made  a  couple  of  feet 
of  fresh  growth,  stop  them  again  in  the  manner  indi- 
cated, and  repeat  the  operation  till  the  end  of  the  grow- 
ing season,  except  in  the  case  of  the  temporary  Vines, 
which  are  to  be  cut  down  after  they  have  fruited  in 
the  next  and  the  following  year.  These  Vines  may 
be  pinched  hard  at  8  feet  from  the  bottom  of  the 
trellis,  but  should  any  rods  show  buds  in  the  axils  of 
the  leaves  with  a  tendency  to  burst,  a  few  of  the 
lateral  and  sub-lateral  shoots  at  the  top  of  such  rods 
may  be  allowed  to  grow  so  as  to  avert  the  flow  of 
sap  from  the  buds.  In  order  to  obtain  the  greatest 
thickening  of  the  rods  and  enlargement  and  conso- 
lidation of  the  buds  situated  at  the  base,  the  lateral 
shoots  at  that  part  should  be  stopped  at  the  first  or 
second  joint,  as  also  should  the  sub-laterals,  and  those 
whicn  may  afterwards  appear  should  be  pinched  hard 
back.  This  treatment  is  also  applicable  to  that  por- 
tion of  the  Vine  between  the  ground  and  the  trellis. 
Better  results  will  be  secured  from  Vines  treated  as 
indicated,  than  would  be  the  case  from  rods  the 
laterals  of  which  have  been  allowed  to  grow  unin- 
terruptedly during  the  previous  year  with  a  view  to 


For  conservatory  decoration  they  rival  Azaleas, 
as  the  plants  possess  handsomer  foliage,  and 
equally  bright  flowers ;  moreover,  they  are  easily 
managed,  and  thrive  well  in  small  pots,  while  some 
of  the  kinds,  of  which  R.  jasmiuiflorum  and  R. 
Princess  Alice  are  types,  can  have  their  flowering 
season  extended  by  slight  forcing.  When  making 
their  growth  the  plants  require  the  temperature  of  a 
warm  greenhouse,  and  should  be  unsparingly  watered 
during  that  time,  and,  provided  the  plants  are  healthy, 
assistance  may  be  given  with  Standen's  or  Clay's 
Fertilisers.  After  the  growth  is  completed  they  may 
be  retained  under  glass  or  turned  out-of-doors  until 
the  autumn,  setting  the  pots  upon  a  bed  of  coal- 
ashes  in  a  light  but  sheltered  situation.  If  the  latter 
plan  be  adopted  care  must  be  taken  to  replace  them 
under  glass  before  cold  rains  or  frosts  set  in,  and  in 
following  the  former  mode  of  treatment  liberal  ven- 
tilation must  be  afforded,  otherwise  they  may  push 
a  second  growth  instead  of  setting  their  flower-buds. 
The  plants  must  be  kept  clean  by  daily  syringings, 
and  have  plenty  of  space  afforded  them,  so  that  the 
wood  can  be  fully  matured,  as  upon  this  depends 
their  capacity,  in  a  great  measure,  to  bloom  freely. 
No  attempt  should  be  made  to  force  the  plants  to 
form  any  particular  shape  by  tying,  as  they  have  a 
more  pleasing  eflect  when  left  alone.  After  the 
blossoming  season,  however,  some  of  them,  as 
Countess  of  Haddington  and  Veitchianum,  which 
naturally  run  into  straggling  shoots,  may  be  advan- 
tageously shortened  in,  thereby  causing  thf  back 
buds  to  break  and  so  keep  within  limited  bounds. 
T.  Coomher,  Ilendre  Gardens,  Mon. 


78 


TEE     GAB  DE  NEBS'     GHBONICLE. 


[JcLT  16,  1887. 


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fTlKE    GABDENERii'     CURONICLE 

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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


the  gifts  of  flowers  to  the  sick  and  the  poor  in 
their  ovm  homes,  or  in  the  wards  of  hospitals, 
especially  those  devoted  to  women  and  little 
children.  In  these  modest  ways  comfort  and 
gladsomeness  are  brought  into  thousands  of 
hearts  that  need  it  most.  But  they  do  these 
things  differently  in  France,  or  at  least  in  Paris, 
Most  of  the  flowers  at  the  great  fete  we  have 
alluded  to,  were  made  to  serve  three  main  pur- 
poses— first  of  all,  to  deck  or  glorify  the  donors 
or  givers.  Not  a  few  of  the  equipages  were 
completely  covered  with  choice  flowers ;  the 
shafts,  roofs,  even  the  wheels  of  thf  carriages, 
were  flowered  all  over.  The  harness  and  horses 
—  even  the  reins  in  some  instances  —  were 
wreathed  with  flowers.  In  yet  other  cases 
the  occupants  could  hardly  be  seen  for 
flowers,  the  carriages  being  filled  to  over- 
flowing with    them.     Chief   among   the   flowers 


SHOWS. 

i  Lewisham  and  District  Floral  Ft.'te 
Oi      (two  days). 

(  Wirral  Kose. 

i  Southwell  Horticultural. 
1 .'  Salterhebble  Kose. 

(  Highgate  Horticultural. 


SALES 

JrLY  ici  (Imported  Orel 
JULY  LJy     Morris' Rooms. 


ids,  at  Protheroe  & 


(      Stevens'  Rooms. 


With  the  exception  of  Mr.  San- 

Flora  bee's  colossal  bouquet  of  Orchids, 

Decorations.  .  l  -   ,  -,, 

of  which  we  give  a  special  illustra- 
tion in  the  present  nmnber,  floral  decorations 
were  not  prominent  features  of  the  glorious  out- 
burst of  loyalty  and  patriotism  in  the  metropolis 
on  'ubilee  Day.  In  the  few  cases  in  which  flowers 
and  evergreens  were  employed  they  formed  a 
welcome  relief  to  the  monotonous  glare  of  red 
cloth  which  ensanguined  the  streets.  Street 
decorations  and  outdoor  fetes  are  generally  better 
managed  abroad  than  here,  partly  because  we  are 
relatively  deficient  in  taste,  but  more  because 
here  each  man  does  as  he  likes  without  consult- 
ing his  neighbour,  and  without  co-operating  with 
him.  For  example,  the  recent  fite  of  flowers  held 
in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  on  behalf  of  the  victims 
of  the  catastrophe  at  the  Opera  Comique  would 
have  been  impossible  in  England.  Not  that  we 
are  destitute  of  the  art  of  linking  flowers  to 
philanthropy — far  from  it,  but  we  do  it  on  a 
more  modest  scale  and  in  less  demonstrative  ways. 
We  more  frequently  make  the  flowers  the  silent 
ministers  of  sympathy  than  the  means  of  raising 
funds  for  benevolent  purposes.  When  devoted 
to  the  latter  object  they  mostly  appear  in  the 
form  of  modest  plants  or  bouquets  for  sale  at 
bazaars,  the  proceeds  being  devoted  to  philan- 
thropic purposes.  But  our  most  effective  means 
of  linking  flowers  to  philanthropy  consists  in 


STAND    SfPPORTIXG    THE   JUBILEE    BOUQUI 

(See  p.  79.) 


were  Lilies  of  the  Valley,  white  Lilac,  Pinks, 
Violets,  Pa;onies  of  all  colour.s,  Daffodils,  Nar- 
cissi, Forget-me-Xots,  Honeysuckles,  Pansies, 
Pyrethrums  of  all  colours.  Horse  Chestnuts, 
especially  the  red,  so  common  in  Paris ;  and 
Roses,  mostly  in  bud,  as  the  Koses  out-of-doors  in 
Paris  are  but  little  earlier  than  in  England  ;  but 
quantities  of  Mareohal  Niel  and  other  Tea  Koses, 
grown  under  glass,  were  very  conspicuous  in  some 
of  the  carriages.  One  carriage  especially  was 
smothered  with  Rosebuds  and  flowers  outside,  and 
filled  to  overflowing  with  Koses  within,  while  the 
three  ladies  who  occupied  it  had  basketfuls  of 
Roses  in  quantity  for  distriljution,  and  these 
formed  a  sort  of  lining  to  the  carriage  all  round. 
Tulips  of  many  colours.  Poppies,  Cornflowers, 
Marguerites,  grasses,  field  Daisies,  the  common 
and  red  Thorns,  and  many  other  semi-wild  or 
common  flowers,  were  also  profusely  used  for 
the  decoration  of  the  carriages,  harness,  and 
horses,  as  well  as  of  the  coachmen  and  footmen. 


The  amount  and  manner  of  the  decorations  varied 
almost  to  infinity.  While  many  were  most 
profusely  laden  and  covered  with  flowers,  others 
were  content  with  a  bouquet  on  each  lantern, 
or  one  or  more  on  the  driver. 

Nor  must  it  be  too  hastily  assumed  that  all 
this  decoration  was  of  the  nature  of  self-glorifi- 
cation. It  drew  nearly  all  Paris  that  could  get 
away  from  the  races  out  for  to  see ;  and  as  the 
charge  for  admission  was  high — from  six  francs  to 
ten  francs  for  carriages — of  course  the  display 
drew  napoleons  as  well  as  an  enormous  crowd, 
and  the  most  bilious  Englishmen  could  not  but 
admit  that  it  was  well  worth  seeing. 

The  next  step  in  the  programme,  and  appa- 
rently the  most  attractive  to  the  Parisians,  could 
hardly  be  witnessed  by  lovers  of  flowers  withovTt 
pain  This  consisted  in  a  war  of  or  a  battle  with 
flowers.  Happily,  wo  have  nothing  analogous 
to  this  in  this  country,  unless  the  foolish  prac- 
tice of  pelting  popular  actors  on  the  stage  with 
bouquets  may  be  considered  as  bearing  some 
slight  resemblance  to  the  flower-battle — more 
popular  perhaps  and  better  understood  in  Vienna 
than  in  Paris.  Such  seemed  the  general  opinion 
in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  as  so  many  of  the 
flowers  missed  their  marks  and  fell  ingloriously 
into  the  mud.  More  practice,  it  is  said,  would 
have  enabled  the  lady  and  gentleman  flower- 
throwers  or  shooters  to  measure  their  distance 
and  hit  their  mark  better.  But  these  contretemjts 
only  increased  the  enjoyment  of  those  engaged 
in  a  fast  and  furious  flower  fight  on  behalf  of  the 
victims  of  the  fire.  Carried  away  by  the  ex- 
citement of  the  crowds  and  the  incidents  of 
the  war  of  flowers,  no  one  seemed  to  think  of 
the  tragic  incident  that  had  called  forth  this 
fete.  Neither  were  the  bemired  flowers  al- 
lowed to  lie  long  in  the  mud.  Volunteer 
rescue  corps  were  instantly  organised  to  gather 
up  the  victims  of  hasty  or  unskilful  throw- 
ing; they  were  quickly  cleaned,  the  bruised 
ones  removed,  and  then,  by  the  aid  of  the 
best  and  cleanest  of  the  single  handfuls  lying 
thickly  in  all  directions,  as  strewn  from  the 
different  carriages,  rehabilitated,  and  resold  to 
those  who  had  got  short  of  ammunition  or  who 
had  failed  to  provide  themselves  with  any.  Thus 
many  of  the  flowers  aided  the  philanthropic 
funds  several  times  over,  while  also  enabling 
those  who  live  by  their  wits  to  earn  a 
good  day's  wage  for  themselves  in  raising  the 
flowers  from  the  gutters  to  the  noble  service  of 
philanthropy. 

To  describe  the  other  features  of  the  fete  des 
fleurs  would  be  out  of  place,  but  the  fHe  of 
artificial  flowers  arranged  around  the  lake 
for  a  mile  or  more  deserves  a  word  of 
notice,  and  even  of  praise,  albeit  it  was 
formed  of  thousands  of  Chinese  lanterns.  By 
using  those  of  two  colours,  white  and  pink, 
and  decking  the  trees  around  the  lake  skil- 
fully with  them,  the  impression  conveyed  was 
that  of  huge  Kose  trees  towering  up  against  the 
sky,  and  extending  all  round  the  lake.  Of  course, 
distance  lent  considerable  enchantment  to  the 
view,  but  as  the  white  was  only  used  to  set  off  the 
groups  of  pinks  to  more  advantage,  and  the  latter 
were  grouped  with  much  skill — now  in  single  file, 
and  anon  in  groups  of  fives,  tens,  twenties, 
fifties,  hundreds,  or  more — the  effect  was  charm- 
ingly varied.  The  boats  on  the  lake  were  also 
illuminated  with  lanterns  of  the  same  colour,  and 
as  they  glided  near  the  shore,  and  the  Roses 
faded  and  fell  from  the  trees  at  times,  it  seemed 
as  though  the  lake  and  its  surroundings  were  a 
fitting  end  to  this  fete  of  flowers,  by  having 
a  mimic  war  of  white  and  red  Roses  on  its  own 
placid  surface. 


THE     ROYAL     JUBILEE     BOUQUET. 

AJIRANGED  BY  MR.   F.  SANDER,  ST.  AIBANS 


July  16,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CIIFOKICLE. 


79 


The  Jubilee  Bouquet   (see    Supplement).— 

We  are  now  enabled  to  give  a  woodcut  illustration  of 
the  Orcliiil  bouquet,  prepared  under  Mr.  Sander's 
direction,  and  at  Hek  Majesty's  command,  for  the 
decoration  ot  a  corridor  in  Buckingham  Palace  on 
the  occasion  of  the  recent  Jubilee  festivities.  Hiiviug 
so  Lately  described  it,  we  need  not  now  enter  into 
further  details,  unless  to  remind  the  reader  of  the 
colossal  proportions  of  this  floral  device.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  Mr.  Saxdeh  prepared  a  similar 
group  for  presentation  to  the  Queen  of  Saxonv  at 
the  recent  Dresden  exiiibition.  This,  though  scarcely 
so  large  as  the  Jubilee  bouquet,  was  an  even  greater 
feat  of  enterprise  on  Jlr.  Sandee's  part,  as  he  had 
not  only  to  get  tlie  flowers  in  this  country,  but  to 
convey  them  to  Dresden.  Moreover,  as  a  beautiful 
photograph  now  before  us  shows,  the  general  shape 
of  the  group,  and  the  arrangement  of  its  component 
flowers  was  much  more  tasteful  than  in  the  case  of 
the  Jubilee  bouquet.  We  may  be  tempted  at  another 
time  to  give  an  illustration  of  the  Dresden  bouquet. 

The  Empress  Augustas  Prize.— 'We  show 

in  fig.  19,  p.  78,  the  vase  and  stand  presented  to  Mr. 
Sander,  of  St.  Albans,  by  the  Empress  Ahgcsta,  on 
the  occasion  of  the  Dresden  International  Show. 
May  7  —  15,  this  year.  This  prize  was  awarded 
to  the  finest  exhibit  in  the  show,  and  fell  to  Mr.  F. 
Sander,  for  his  great  group  of  Orchids,  the  plants 
composing  which  he  had  at  gi-eat  expense  and 
trouble  taken  over  from  St.  Albans.  He  was  per- 
mitted to  make  use  of  the  vase-stand  for  the  royal 
bouquet  figured  on  our  Supplementary  Sheet,  when  it 
was  placed  in  Hek  MiJESTY'sapartments  in  Bucking- 
ham Palace. 

Hatfield. — Now  that  public  attention  has  been 
especially  attracted  to  this  fine  mansion,  with  which 
so  many  historical  associations  are  connected,  it  may 
be  well  to  say  that  the  park  and  the  gardens  form  by 
no  means  the  least  of  the  attractions  of  this  noble 
residence.  As  will  be  seen  from  our  illustrations, 
the  Lime  tree  avenues,  the  trained  trees,  clipped 
Yews,  and  twined  knots,  are  quite  in  accordance 
with  the  style  of  the  mansion.  The  vineyard  is  a 
survival  in  name  only;  now-a-days  it  is  not  worth 
while  to  grow  Grapes  for  wine-making  in  this 
country,  though  it  is  done  as  a  matter  of  curiosity, 
but  in  olden  times  it  might  have  been  dift'erent. 
Perhaps  when  the  public  fountains  ran  with  wine  on 
jubilee  and  other  similar  celebrations,  the  wine  was 
home-grown  I  We  doubt  if  as  much  could  be  said 
at  the  Prime  Jlinister's  garden  party  the  other  day  ! 
Hatfield  Park  abounds  in  noble  Beeches,  Limes, 
Oaks,  and  other  trees,  but  special  interest  attaches 
to  those  we  now  figure.  The  authenticity  of  the 
younger  trees  is  unquestionable  ;  the  legend  that  the 
Princess  Elizaueth  received  the  news  of  her  sister's 
death  as  she  sat  under  the  shade  of  the  now  vener- 
able tree  shown  in  fig.  21  may  be  true.  The  tree 
itself  is  dead,  but  some  Acorns  have  been  inserted 
into  the  bole,  and  give  it  a  semblance  of  vitality. 
The  Mulberries  at  the  four  corners  of  the  west  gar- 
den were,  it  is  said,  planted  by  James  I.  A  full 
account  of  these  gardens,  with  numerous  illustra- 
tions, was  given  in  our  number  for  May  9,  1874,  to 
which  we  refer  the  reader  for  further  details  concern- 
ing these  unique  gardens.  Their  resources  were  put 
to  a  strong  test  on  the  occasion  of  the  Queen's 
recent  visit,  when,  as  we  learn,  the  daughter  of  ilr. 
Norman,  the  head  gardener  to  the  Marquis  of 
Salisbukt,  presented  a  bouquet  of  Orchids  to  Her 
Majesty. 

Royal    Agricultural    Society's    Show, 

NewCASTLE-ON-TYNE.  — Messrs.  Little  &  Bal- 
LANTYNE,  Seedsmcu  and  Nurserymen  to  the  Queen, 
Carlisle,  exhibit  at  Stand  265  an  interesting  collec- 
tion of  coniferous  trees,  including  varieties  of  Abies, 
Thuia,  and  Ketinospora  from  Japan  ;  Cupressus 
and  Libocedrus  from  California  ;  the  beautiful  blue 
foliaged  Abies  concolor,  and  other  varieties,  from 
America ;  and  Junipers  from  China.  They  also 
exhibit,  in  the  dried  and  in  a  fresh  state,  varieties  of 
grass  and  Clover  seeds  which  are  used  in  the  forma- 


tion of  pastures  for  a  great  variety,  of  purposes.— 
The  pavilion  provided  for  the  use  of  His  Royal 
Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales  was  decorated  by 
Messrs.  Wm.  Fell  &  Co..  nurserymen,  Hexham, 
The  entrance  was  embellished  with  Ferns,  flowering 
plants,  and  hanging  baskets  filled  with  flowering 
and  trailing  plants. — Messrs.  Webb  &  Soxs,  the 
seed  growers  and  manure  manufacturers,  of  Words- 
ley,  Stoui  bridge,  and  London,  have  one  of  the 
largest  displays  in  the  show-yard.  The  experi- 
ments of  Messrs.  Webbs'  seed  farms  last  year  in- 
cluded Tobacco  growing,  upwards  of  twenty  sorts 
being  cultivated,  have  enabled  them  to  oft'er  seeds 
of  twelve  kinds  of  Tobacco  as  being  suitable  for 
growing  in  this  country. 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.— The  straw- 
berry fete,  which  took  place  at  Chiswlck  on  Satur- 
day last,  being  favoured  with  glorious  weather,  was 
a  very  satisfactory  gathering,  picking  having  to  be 
worked  at  closely  to  keep  up  an  adequate  supply  of 
fruit.  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  Sir  Charles  Napier,  and 
President  were  leading  varieties,  and  Waterloo,  a 
very  large  and  deeply  coloured  new  sort,  met  with 
much  approval.  The  proceedings  were  enlivened  by 
music  rendered  by  the  boy's  band  from  the  Duke  of 
York's  Orphanage,  Chelsea. 

Van    Houtte   Memorial   Prizes.— We  arc 

informed  that  the  committee  of  the  English  sub- 
scribers have  determined  to  offer  two  prizes  of  the 
value  of  £10  each  to  be  competed  for  at  the  next 
Quinquennial  International  Exhibition,  to  be  held 
in  April,  1888,  at  Ghent,  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Societe  Eoyale  d'Agriculture  et  de  Botanique— one 
prize  for  the  best  new  varieties  of  Azalea  indica 
obtained  since  1880,  and  one  prize  for  the  best  collec- 
tion of  hardy  trees  and  shrubs.  The  Conseil 
d'Administration  of  the  Society  have  intimated  their 
acceptance  of  these  prizes. 

The  Horticultural  Club.— The  annual  ex- 
cursion of  the  Horticultural  Club,  has  been  fixed  for 
Wednesday,  July  27.  The  members  and  friends  will 
meet  at  Charing  Cross  Station,  S.E.R.,  at  lOOO  a.m., 
and  will  leave  by  the  11'15  train  for  Tunbridge  Wells, 
where  carriages  will  be  in  waiting  to  convey  them  to 
Eridge  Castle  (the  JIarquis  of  Abeegav-enxy's),  where 
they  will  lunch  ;  afterwards  drive  to  Penshurst  Place 
(Lord  DE  Lisle  and  Dudley),  and  to  Redleaf  (F.  C. 
Hills,  Esq.),  returning  to  Tunbridge  Wells  to  dinner, 
at  6,  and  leaving  for  London  at  8'25.  Communica- 
tions should  be  made  at  once  to  the  Rev.  H.  Hoxy- 
wooD  D'OstBRAis,  Secretary,  Westwell,  Ashford, 
Kent. 

A  School  of  Forestry. — Evidence  was  given 
lately  before  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House 
of  Commons  on  this  subject,  presided  over  by  Sir  E. 
Lechmere,  by  Mr.  Cluttox,  President  of  the  Sur- 
veyors' Institute.  In  his  opinion  a  National  School 
of  Forestry  should  be  established  by  the  State  of 
Great  Britain,  and  should  be  under  the  control  of 
a  Board,  to  give  scientific  instruction  in  forestry  to 
students  who  had  acquired  general  education  else- 
where. He  would  not  graft  this  on  any  private  or 
commercial  establishment.  The  large  woods  in 
England  were  generally  well  managed,  but  the  small 
ones  were  not.  Mr.  Evan  Powell,  of  Llandudno,  a 
Fellow  of  the  Surveyors'  Institute,  believed  the 
timber  trade  in  this  country  had  been  depressed  for 
some  years,  but  the  time  would  come  when  there 
would  be  a  change.  Forests  in  the  United  States 
and  in  Canada  were  being  denuded  by  forest  fires 
and  by  the  ravages  of  stock.  In  some  of  the  Southern 
States  one  could  buy  land  at  5s.  an  acre  with  the 
timber  on  it.  The  timber  was  burnt  off  and  the  land 
became  more  valuable  for  pasture.  In  ten  years 
10,000,000  acres  of  forest  in  the  United  States  were 
destroyed  by  fire.  England  was  taking  less  care 
of  her  timber  than  any  Continental  country. 
Preferential  rates  for  foreign  timber  a:-ted  pre- 
judicially on  the  home  trade.  One  could  send 
timber  700  miles  in  America  for  the  same  price 
that  one   would  pay   for  a  transit  of  100  miles  in 


England  The  best  place  for  a  National  School  of 
Forestry  for  the  British  Empire  would  be  London. 
It  would  be  a  good  thing  to  plant  trees  in  this 
country  now  for  consumption  fifty  years  hence.  He 
was  of  opinion  woods  ought  not  to  be  rated,  because 
it  was  to  the  interest  of  the  country  that  timber 
should  be  gi-own,  not  only  for  its  own  sake,  but  as 
shelter,  and  the  increased  rating  should  come  from 
the  increased  value  of  land  thus  sheltered.  He  con- 
sidered woods  required  the  attention  of  the  State 
more  than  cereals,  because  the  latter  were  grown  for 
immediate  profit.  In  Germany  there  was  very  strict 
legislation  indeed  for  the  protection  of  forests.  Sir 
J.  Hooker,  for  many  years  Director  of  Kew,  con- 
curred with  suggestions  made  last  session  by  Colonel 
Pearson,  recommending  scientific  instruction  in 
forestry  for  India,  and  for  wood  reeves  in  England. 
The  Rev.  John  Brown,  author  of  many  well-known 
works  on  forestal  science,  related  his  experience  of 
forest  schools  in  Spain,  where  scientific  instruction 
was  given  and  practical  lessons  taught  through 
nurseries  and  museums.  As  to  this  country,  there 
should,  he  thought,  be  one  school  of  forestry  for  the 
whole  Empire.  He  knew  no  place  more  suitable  for 
such  a  school  than  Edinburgh. 

Turnham  Green  Scientific  and  Literary 

Society.— On  Thursday,  the  7th  inst.,  this  Society 
held  its  second  annual  garden  party  in  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society's  Gardens,  Chiswick,  when 
members  and  friends  exhibited  philosophical  instru- 
ments, works  of  art,  and  natural  history  specimens 
in  abundance.  Part  of  the  lawn  was  illuminated  at 
dusk  with  little  glass  lamps  suspended  from  chains, 
and  the  flower  beds  were  picked  out  by  lamps  being 
placed  on  the  ground.  The  Chiswick  Gardens  lend 
themselves  well  for  such  gatherings  as  this. 

EUCHARIS  MASTERSII.  — Lately  Mr.  Coopee, 
gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  J.  Chamberlain,  fur- 
nished us  with  blooms  of  a  Eucharis  raised  between 
E.  Sanderi  and  E.  Candida.  On  submitting  the 
flower  to  Mr.  Baker  he  at  once  recognised  the 
flower  as  the  one  described  in  the  Botanical  Mac/azine, 
t.  6381,  as  Eucharis  Mastersii.  If  no  error  of  obser- 
vation has  occurred  Mr.  Cooper's  new  hybrid  is  thus 
of  a  verv  interesting  character.  Other  cases  of  a 
similar  kind  among  Orchids  have  occurred,  but  the 
chance  of  error  is  so  great  that  these  instances  are 
naturally  looked  on  with  some  amount  of  suspicion. 

Inarching  in  a  Vegetable  Marrow.  —  Mr. 

E.  White,  of  the  Bournemouth  Nurseries,  sends  us 
a  good  illustration  of  the  union  of  the  fruit  of  a 
■Vegetable  Marrow  to  the  main  stem  for  the  whole 
length  of  one  fruit.  When  one  remembers  how 
crowded  are  the  parts  at  the  earliest  stage  of  their 
development,  the  wonder  is,  not  that  they  occasion- 
ally adhere  one  to  the  other,  but  that  they  do  not 
more  frequently  do  so. 

Hybrid  Lychnis. — The  article  on  the  interest- 
ing plant  forwarded  to  us  by  Mr.  Walker,  of 
Chester,  and  described  in  our  last  issue,  has  elicited 
the  following  correspondence,  from  which  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  same,  or  a  very  similar  hybrid,  has 
been  noted  previously.  Mr.  Buebidge,  of  the  Uni- 
versity Botanic  Garden,  Dublin,  writes  :  — 

"  I  was  verv  much  interested  in  your  account  on 
p.  57  of  Mr.  Walker's  hybrid  between  Lychnis  Flos- 
Jovis  and  L.  coronaria,  since  my  friend,  Mr.  Smith, 
of  NewTy,  informed  me  three  days  ago  that  the 
same,  or  a  simil.ar  hybrid,  has  appeared  with  him 
this  year,  and  from  fresh  specimens  he  sent  to  me  I 
quite  agree  with  Mr.  Walker's  opinion  that  it  is  a 
fine  garden  plant,  and  superior  to  either  of  its  sup- 
posed parents.  It  will  be  very  interesting  to  hear  if 
this  chance  hybrid  has  appeared  elsewhere.  You  say 
no  such  hybrid  is  described  in  Dr.  Focke's  work,  but 
on  turning  to  my  own  Cultivated  Plants,  p.  237, 1  find 
that  such  a  hybrid  was  described  by  M.  Pepin  as 
long  ago  as  1843  {Aiinalcs  de  Flore  et  du  Pomoiie, 
1843).  It  is  said  to  be  handsome,  with  large  and 
brilliantly  coloured  flowers,  the  plant  being  inter- 
mediate in  habit  between  its  parents." 

Mr.  Smith,  of  Newry,  writes :— "  I  have  a  group  of 
three  plants  in  a  large  bed  of  Agrostemma  Flos-Jovis. 


80 


THE     GABDENERS'     CEBONICLE. 


[July  16,  1887. 


I  look  upon  it  as  midway  between  a  coronaria  and 
a  Flos-Jovis  ;  anyhow,  it  is  a  very  useful  and  eifec- 
tive  plant,  flowering  in  the  most  profuse  manner, 
differing  from  coronaria  in  being  useful  lor  cutting. 
When  you  go  to  cut  a  spray  of  that  one,  you  gene- 
rally find  there  is  only  one  flower  on  the  spray  ;  this 
one  would  have  seven  or  eight  on  the  same  spray. 
Have  you  ever  seen  anything  like  it  before  ?  " 

Education,  Technical  and  Other.— Speak- 
ing recently  on  this  subject  Sir  John  Lubbock  is 
reported  to  have  said  that  we  import  £150,000,000 
worth  of  food,  and  tliat  our  poijulatiou  is  increasing 
at  the  rate  of  350,000  a  year.  These  are  facts 
which  should  compel  attention.  Rivalry  in  the 
manufactory  and  workshop  [and  we  may  add  in  the 
iield  and  in  the  garden]  are  not  less  severe,  said 
Sir  John,  because  it  is  a  competition  rather  than  a 
contest.  Our  ignorance,  he  said,  costs  us  much 
more  than  our  education.  Dwellers  in  the  vicinity 
of  Covent  Garden  have  excellent  opportunities  of 
judging  of  the  enormous  quantities  of  foreign  produce 
that  comes  to  market  daily — the  racing  speed  at 
which  the  w^aggons  from  the  several  railway  stations 
communicating  with  the  Continent  or  with  America 
endeavour  to  reach  the  market  first  so  as  to 
secure  the  best  prices.  All  this  is  satisfactory 
enough  from  one  point  of  view,  but  when  we 
note  that  a  very  large  proportion  of  this  pro- 
duce might  be  grown  in  this  country  just 
as  well  as  abroad,  the  seriousness  of  tlie  matter 
sliould  compel  us  to  take  steps  to  place  the  growers 
of  this  country  more  on  a  par  with  those  of  other 
countries.  One  way  and  a  very  potent  means  is  by 
the  improved  education  of  the  gardener  and  farmer. 
But  some  one  will  sa}',  is  not  the  British  gardener 
at  the  top  of  the  tree  as  regards  practice  ?  Admitting 
an  allirniative  reply  to  this  question,  we  are  still 
confronted  with  the  facts  that  many  of  the  young 
gardeners  of  the  Continent  are  much  better  edu- 
cated than  our  own — that  they  work  for  less  money, 
arc  less  exacting  in  their  requirements,  and  that 
from  one  cause  or  another  our  home  cultiviitors 
are  being  beaten  out  of  the  market.  To  maintain 
our  position,  we  require  to  be  not  only  as  good  as 
our  competitors,  but  better.  Some  of  the  condi- 
tions under  which  we  labour  are  incapable  of  direct 
amendment,  but  improved  education,  theoretical  and 
technical,  are  certainly  within  our  means. 

M.  LUCIEN  Linden.— M.  Lucifn  Linden  desires 
us  to  say  that  his  new  address  is  100,  Hue  Belliard, 
Brussels,  where  his  personal  letters  are  henceforth 
to  be  addressed  instead  of  at  Ghent. 

Twickenham    Horticultural  Society.  — 

The  grounds  of  Orleans  House,  Twickenham,  were 
utilised  on  the  6th  inst.  for  tlie  annual  exliibition  of 
this  Society,  which  ivas  a  very  good  one.  Messrs. 
Jackson  &  Son  and  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  both  of 
Twickenham,  showed  largely  and  well  in  various 
instances.  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  had 
a  collection  of  cut  Roses  of  great  merit.  Orchids 
and  Lilies  were  represented  by  Mr.  W.  Goudon, 
Twickenham.  H.  Little,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  F.  Hill), 
Twickenham,  contributed  a  very  extensive  and 
varied  collection  of  Orchids,  showing  several  fine 
pieces.  This  exhil)it  was  the  prominent  feature  of 
the  show. 

Mr.  H.  N.  Ridley.— This  botanist,  who  is 
attached  to  the  staff' of  the  Natural  History  Museum. 
and  has  paid  much  attention  to  Orchids,  has  lately 
started  with  Mr.  Geo.  Maw  for  Fernando  Noronha — 
an  island  off  the  north-east  coast  of  Brazil,  and  one 
the  natural  history  of  wliicli  is  but  little  known. 

Californian  and  Japanese  Clover. — 
Messrs.  Jas.  Cautki;  &  Co.  send  us  specimens  of  a 
species  of  Clover  used  as  forage  in  California.  It  is 
an  annual  with  hollow  stems,  small  trifoliolate  spine- 
edged  leaves,  and  heads  of  flowers  surrounded  by  an 
involucre  of  cream-coloured  bracts.  The  plant  is 
Trifolium  fucatum,  originally  introduced  to  this 
country  by  Doublas,  and  figured  many  years  since 


by  LiNDLEY  in  tlie  Botaniml  Register,  t.  1883.  We 
have  not  been  able  to  find  any  account  of  its  employ- 
ment in  this  country.  At  the  same  time  Messrs. 
Cabtek  favoured  us  with  a  sample  of  Jap.anese 
Clover — Lespedeza  striata — which  seems  to  us  more 
promising. 

The    Royal  Botanic   Society's    Evening 

Fete. — We  believe  tliis  was  one  of  the  most  enjoy- 
able that  has  been  held  of  late  years.  Amongst  the 
numy  flowers  sent  to  the  gardens  on  this  occasion 
was  a  fine  group  of  annuals  and  ornamental  grasses, 
and  the  collection  was  considered  of  such  high  merit 
that  a  Silver  Medal  was  awarded  for  it  to  the 
exhibitors,  Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co.  Mrs.  [J. 
BiNNs,  Southam,  whose  artistic  productions,  in  the 
form  of  pictures  composed  of  dried  natural  flowers, 
have  often  been  noticed  in  these  pages,  exhibited  a 
number  of  specimens  of  her  work,  but  for  want  of 
space  some  of  the  best  sent  could  not  be  placed. 

The  Leeds   Horticultural  Society.— A 

basket  of  fifty  red  and  white  Roses,  typical  of  the 
fifty  years  of  her  happy  reign,  and  of  the  historic 
union  of  the  Houses  of  York  and  Lancaster  in  her 
royal  ancestry,  was  lately  presented  to  Her  Majesty 
by  this  Society.  The  basket  was  trimmed  with 
Brussels  point  lace  by  Messrs.  Marshall  &  Snel- 
OROVE,  Leeds ;  the  flowers  were  arranged  by  Mr. 
Feathebstone,  of  St.  Ann's  Nurseries,  Leeds. 

Exhibition  of  Chrysanthemums  at  De- 
vizes.— The  annual  exhibition  in  connection  with 
the  Benevolent  Society  at  Devizes  will  take  place  on 
Tuesday,  November  15.  A  Gold  Jubilee  Cup,  value 
ten  guineas,  is  offered  by  Mr.  C.  N.  May,  for  twenty- 
four  blooms  of  incurved  Chrysanthemums,  not  less 
than  eighteen  varieties;  and  a  second  prize  of  a 
.Silver  Cup,  value  five  guineas,  is  given  by  the 
JIayor,  Mr.  T.  Ch.\ndlee  ;  while  other  valuable 
prizes  are  offered. 

Oxford. — A  meeting  of  the  Oxfordshire  Natural 
History  Club  was  held  in  the  Botanic  Garden  on 
Friday  last,  July  8,  when  Professor  Balfour  gave  an 
address  on  the  subject  of  "  perennation  "  of  plants, 
perennation  being  defined  as  the  "  persistence  of  the 
life  of  the  plant  by  vegetative  means  and  not  by 
seed."  The  Professor's  main  point  in  addressing  a 
body  of  working  naturalists  was  that  they  should  not 
confine  themselves  to  the  mere  discrimination  of 
species,  but  study  the  life-history  of  the  several 
plants,  and  endeavour  to  ascertain  the  significance  of 
the  diversities  of  structure  and  arr.angement  so  con- 
spicuous in  plants. 


The  Apiary. 


EXTRACTING  AND  BOTTLING. 
The  above  words  sound  very  pleasant,  and  by  the 
time  this  reaches  tlie  public  eye  will  be  in  full  swing. 
I  think  it  is  decidedly  advisable  in  all  cases  to  let 
the  honey  be  sealed  before  extracting.  More  honey 
may  perhaps  be  obtained  by  taking  out  the  frames 
and  extracting  before  the  comb  is  sealed,  but  in 
that  case  a  honey  ripener  is  required,  which  is  at 
the  same  time  troublesome  and  expensive.  More- 
over, the  honey  is  never  so  well  ripened  as  when  it 
is  done  in  the  hive,  and  for  my  own  part  I  would 
rather  put  up  with  less  honey  ripened  in  the  hive 
tlian  a  larger  quantity  ripened  out  of  it.  It  does  not 
matter  greatly  what  time  of  day  the  honey  is  taken 
out  of  the  hive.  Some  people  say.  Take  it  out  in  the 
middle  of  the  day,  as  many  of  the  bees  will  be  out  in 
the  fiidds  at  that  time,  and  so  there  will  be  less  bees  to 
attack  you.  There  may  be  something  in  that,  as  it 
is  quite  certain  you  will^not  be  attacked  by  the  bees 
that  are  absent.  On  the  other  hand,  the  bees 
whicli  are  absent  have  not  been  frightened  by  the 
smoke  you  have  probably  administered,  and  may  give 
you  a  sting  when  returning.  There  are  advantages 
in  taking  the  honey  when  all  the  bees  are  at  home, 


as  a  thoroughly  good  dose  of  smoke  will  then  give 
them  their  quietus,  and  the  frames  may  then  be  easily 
removed.  There  is  always  more  or  less  confusion 
caused  by  returning  bees  when  this  is  done  in  the 
middle  of  the  day,  and  our  American  cousins  seem 
so  satisfied  on  that  point  that  they  make  little  tents 
just  large  enough  to  cover  up  a  hive  and  a  man,  under 
which  the  thing  can  be  done  comfortably.  These 
tents  are  made  of  fine  wire  cloth,  and  surrounded  by 
one  of  these  you  could  bestow  a  ghastly  smile  on  the 
bees  outside. 

Whatever  difference  of  opinion  may  exist  as  to  the 
time  of  removing  honey  from  the  hives,  there  is  very 
little  about  tlie  best  time  for  extracting.  There  is 
little  doubt  th.^t  evening  is  the  best  time.  Bees 
will  not  be  prowling  about  tlien,  but  will  be  at  home, 
and  so  you  will  not  be  bothered  with  them.  1  once 
began  about  10  o'clock  in  the  morning.  I  was  soon 
discovered  by  the  bees,  and  had  to  give  up,  and  could 
not  extract  for  some  days,  because  the  bees  came 
day  after  da}'  to  the  same  place  to  see  what  was  going 
on.  After  extracting  it  is  a  good  plan  to  run  the 
honey  into  a  vessel  to  stand  a  few  days.  If  this 
vessel  is  provided  with  a  treacle  tap  the  honey  can  be 
run  out  into  bottles  very  easily,  and  it  will  be  most 
beautifally  clear.  If  you  want  some  artistic  bottles, 
you  should  apply  to  Breffit's,  Upper  Thames  Street, 
London.   Walter  Chitty,  I'ewsci/. 


The  Kitchen  Garden, 


SEEDS    TO    SOW. 

Turnips. — From  now  onwards  to  the  second  week 
in  August,  is  a  good  time  to  make  provision  for  a 
good  supply  of  Turnips,  for  winter  and  spring  con- 
sumption ;  moderately  firm,  light  rich  soil  suits  them 
best,  and  the  surface  before  sowing  should  be  ren- 
dered fine  and  workable  by  forking,  raking,  &c.,  after- 
wards sowing  in  shallow  drills  from  15  to  18  inches 
apart.  Among  the  best  varieties  for  these  sowings 
are  Veitch's  Red  Globe  and  Green-top  White  Stone. 
Chirk  Castle  and  Orange  Jelly  are  also  good  hardy 
kinds,  and  should  be  grown  for  flavouring  soups,  &c. 
Thin  out  the  young  plants  as  early  as  possible,  and 
before  they  become  overcrowded  and  weakly.  Sow 
also  about  the  middle  of  the  month  some  good  early 
sort  of  Cabbage  such  as  EUam's  Early,  or  Wheeler's 
Imperial,  and  again  a  fortnight  or  so  later  on, 
another  and  more  general  sowing  should  be  made, 
which  will  consitute  the  main  supply  ibr  next  spring 
and  summer.  To  ensure  a  good  seed-bed  during  hot 
dry  weather,  it  is  necess.ary  that  the  soil  should  be 
made  very  fine,  and  well  watered  before  and  after 
sowing,  and  also  partially  shaded,  until  the  seeds 
germinate  and  are  well  above  ground. 

Onions. — Make  a  small  sowing  of  White  Lisbon  in 
drills  1  foot  apart,  and  the  main  autumn  sowing  a 
month  later  on.  Now  also  would  be  a  good  time  to 
make  a  late  sowing  of  Early  Horn  Carrot  on  a  south 
border ;  these  should  give  a  supply  of  young  roots 
well  through  the  winter  months. 

Lettuces. — Sow  now  in  warmer  situations,  to  give  a 
supply  in  late  autumn  and  winter;  likewise  Batavian 
and  green  curled  Endive,  Radishes,  Mustard  and 
Cress,  Chervil,  and  other  requirements  for  salads. 

General  Work. — Clear  the  ground  of  early  Potatos 
in  readiness  for  succession  crops ;  if  not  quite 
firm  and  ripe,  the  tubers  should  be  allowed  to  remain 
on  the  ground  for  a  few  hours  to  set  the  skin,  and 
afterwards  removed  to  a  cool  shed,  and  lightly 
covered  over.  John  Austen,  Witley  Court  Gardens, 


Home  Correspondence. 


GARDENERS'  ORPHAN  FUND. — As  the  writer 
of  the  few  notes  in  your  columns  for  February  12, 
over  the  signature  "  H.  J.  C.  " — which,  in  coujunc- 
tion  with  Mr.Penny's  note  on  thesame  page  may  fairly 
lay  claim  to  have  originated  the  above-named  sch  me 
—I  h.ave  great  pleasure  in  seeing  the  very  successful 
way  in  which  it  has  lieen  taken  up  by  horci  imurists 
of  all  classes.  Considering  the  very  num'ious  calls 
made  on  your  readers  this  year,  I  think  my  words, 
"  very  successful,"  ar.;  not  at  all  too  strong.  Per- 
sonally 1  think  tlmt  many  thanks  are  due  to  you  for 
using  your  widely  rea'l  columns  so  freely  in  bringing 


JtiiT  16,  1887.] 


TEE    GARDE  NEBS'     GHEONICLE. 


'HI 


81 


the  matter  before  your  readers,  as  also  to  the  rest  of 
of  the  horticultural  Press  for  a  similar  service. 
Amongst  the  many  others  who  have  given  their 
time  and  experience  to  maturing  plans  for  the  future 
working  of  the  Fund,  and  other  organising  work  in 
connection  therewith,  I  think  that  much  is  due  to 
Jlr.  Barron,  of  Chiswick,  for  using  so  freely  his  great 
horticultural  inBueuce  on  its  behalf.  I  can  the 
more  freely  utter  this  sentiment  as  I  have  not  tiie 
honour  of  being  personally  acquainted  with  him,  or 
but  very  sliglitly.  I  have  faith  that  in  due  time  the 
Orphan  Fund  will  do  a  good  work  generally.  From 
the  very  nature  of  it,  it  does,  and  will,  appeal  to  the 
sympathy  and  help  of  all  horticulturists,  and  I  doubt 
not,  successfullv.  H.  J.  Clayton^  GriTmiun  Gardent^, 
ludtasler,Ju/i/'n. 

CHEIRANTHUS  MARSHALM.— I  was  amused  to 
observe  the  following  para,graph  in  this  paper  of  the 
2nd  inst. : — "  Cheiranthus  Marshallianus. — We  learn 
that  this  form  has  this  season  been  found  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Botanic  Garden  growing  on  C.  alpinus,  of 
wliich  it  is  therefore  to  be  considered  as  a  sport." 
Tile  Cheiranthus  Marshalii  is  a  hybrid  between 
Cheiranthus  ochroleucus  and  Erysimum  Perowski- 
anum.  I  and  my  brother  were  fond  of  experiment- 
ing upon  plants  by  hybridising,  and  this  plant  was 
selected  from  a  batcii  of  seedlings  raised  from  seed 
saved  from  the  Cheiranthus  ochroleucus,  fertilised 
with  the  pollen  of  Erysimimi  Perowskianum.  The 
phmt  was  illustrated,  and  its  description,  history, 
and  culture,  given  in  the  Gardeners  Magazine  of 
Butany  of  July  15,  1850.  Owing  to  some  in- 
quiries made  in  this  paper  regarding  its  origin, 
to  clear  up  tlie  matter  I  wrote  out  a  paper, 
which  appeared  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  on 
August  28,  1875,  giving  full  particulars  regard- 
ing it.  An  interesting  paper  followed  on  Sep- 
tember 4,  from  Mr.  A.  Dean ;  other  papers  have 
appeared  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  since  then 
regarding  experiments  made  by  Mr.  James  Allen,  of 
Shepton  Mallet.  1  hope  this  explanation  will  serve 
to  correct  any  misunderstanding  that  exists  regard- 
ing the  origin  of  this  plant.  Even  in  Hemsley's 
Handbook:  uf  Hardy  Trees,  Shrubs,  and  Her- 
iaceoits  Plants,  they  fall  into  the  error  of  supposing 
it  to  be  a  hybrid  between  the  common  Wallflower 
and  Cheiranthus  alpinus  !  James  Marshall,  Montrose. 

CHAM/EROPS  FORTUNEI.  — With  reference  to 
Mr.  Baker's  remarks  on  the  flowering  of  Chamnerops 
Fortunei  at  p.  54  of  your  issue  for  .July  9,  I  would 
beg  to  state  that  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Linnean 
Society  for  June  21,  1877,  is  contained  the  following 
brief  account : — "  Dr.  Braithwaite,  F.L.S.,  exhibited 
a  panicle  of  the  Chama;rops  Fortunei  which  had 
flowered  without  more  protection  than  was  afibrded 
by  mattings  stretched  over  a  wire  cage.  The  pkant 
was  planted  in  1864,  and  was  thus  protected  for  five 
years.  In  1,S70  it  occurred  to  Dr.  Braithwaite  that 
snow  fell  in  Northern  China,  the  home  of  this 
Palm,  and  that  it  would  be  possible  for  it  to 
live  here  without  protection.  The  plant  flowered  for 
live  consecutive  years  in  his  garden  at  Clapham. 
In  1873  it  produced  three  panicles,  in  1874  and  1.875 
the  same  number,  in  1876  five,  and  1877  two,  the 
latter  having  been  exhibited  before  the  Linnean 
Society  on  June  21."  I  was  present  at  the  meeting 
of  the  Linnean  Society  wlien  this  panicle  was  pro- 
duced, and  was  so  much  struck  with  its  beauty  that 
I  wrote  to  Dr.  Braithwaite  for  further  infor- 
mation. With  a  kindness  and  courtesy  I  shall  always 
remember,  he  invited  me  to  go  and  inspect  this 
lovely  Palm  in  his  g.arden  at  Clapham,  which  I  did, 
and  was  thus  afl'orded  the  gi'atification  of  seeing 
other  panicles  in  the  open  air.  The  Palm  in  posses- 
sion of  Dr.  B.  is  a  m.ile  plant,  but  Dr.  Moore,  of  Glas- 
nevin,  had  lately  informed  him  that  a  plant  flowered 
at  Glasnevin  in  the  season  of  1876  was  a  female, 
and  bore  fruit  also.  AVith  protection  for  the  first  one 
or  two  winters,  and  planted  in  a  sheltered  spot,  I  do 
not  doubt  but  tliat  the  plant  would  do  well  in  most 
gardens.  The  Treasury  of  Botany  states  that  it  is 
perfectly  hardy  in  the  South  of 'England,  a  plant 
having  attained  the  height  of  10  feet  in  the  Koyal 
Gardens  of  Osborne.  I  have  had  a  good  deal  of  ex- 
perience in  tree  planting  in  the  north  of  London, 
and  owing  to  the  stiff  clay  which  exists,  have  gene- 
rally found  such  soil  not  very  congenial  to  shrubs, 
especially  when  the  dense  fogs  in  winter  are  con- 
sidered. Planes,  pendulous  Ash,  Canadian  Poplar, 
Catalpas,  Aucubiis,  and  even  the  Maidenhair  tree 
(S.alisburia  .adiantifolia)  flourish  well  in  the  clav  on 
the  Harrow  Road  ;  but  I  scarcely  think  Chamaj'rops 
Fortunei  would  or  could  grow  in  such  a  soil.  John 
Cokirooke.   [The  trees  of  this  species  at  Kew,  Heck- 


field,  Milford,  and  elsewhere,  have  often  been  alluded 
to,  and  some  of  them  illustrated,  in  these  columns. 
Ed.] 

THE  DOUBLE  WHITE  IBERIS  SEMPERVIRENS.— 
I  am  afraid  this  must  go  into  the  cate.gory  of  dis- 
appointing new  plants.  I  have  flowered  it  in  pots, 
and  in  the  open  ground ;  I  have  also  tried  it  under 
glass  ;  but  tiie  best  I  can  get  it  to  do  only  reveals 
tlie  old  single  perennial  Candytuft  spoilt.  I  have 
not  observed  it  exliibited  once  during  the  present 
season.  It  was  sent  out  from  Erfurt  with  a  flourish 
of  trumpets,  but  not  a  single  truss  of  bloom  I  have 
obtained  comes  anything  near  the  illustration  tiiat 
raised  tlie  hopes  of  English  growers.  Can  any  one 
give  a  better  account  of  it  ?  J). 

NEW  PEAS. — Amongst  new  Peas  of  tliis  season's 
introduction,  Queen  and  Jubilee  with  me  are  the 
most  promising,  and  appear  to  be  two  grand  Peas, 
large  in  pod,  and  well-filled  with  large  Peas  of  first- 
class  flavour,  as  are  all  Mr.  Culverwell's  Peas ; 
large  and  good  seems  to  have  been  his  aim.  Of  the 
two  Pe.as  in  question.  Queen,  with  me,  is,  I  think, 
the  best,  and  is  a  few  d.iys  earlier  than  .Jubilee, 
coming  in  about  July  8,  succeeding  Prodigj'  and 
Paragon,  these  two  varieties  being  equal  in  earli- 
ness.  but  Prodigy  the  largest  in  pod  and  pea  — "  a 
very  grand  Pea  in  every  respect,"  and  ready  to  pick 
this  season  on  July  1,  succeeding  American  Wonder, 
from  which  we  have  been  gathering  since  June  20. 
All  the  above  Peas  were  exposed  to  17°  of  frost, 
after  being  planted  out  from  pots,  eacli  being 
equal  in  hardiness,  and  fully  proving  that  we 
have  no  need  to  grow  the  round  hard  varieties 
whilst  we  can  get  good  Marrows  as  early.  T.  Kectly, 
Barley  Abbey.  [Fine  large  well  filled  pods  of  Peas 
with  a  sweet  flavour — Jubilee  being  the  sweeter. 
The  seeds  are  dark  green  in  colour  in  the  raw 
state.  Ed.] 

CODONOPSIS  OVATA.— Oddly  enough,  less  than  a 
week  before  seeing  your  correspondent  s  note  on  the 
poUinisation  of  Codonopsis  ovata  (p.  53)  I  had  ex- 
amined buds  and  flowers  of  this  species,  and  also  of  C. 
rotnndifolia.  I  made  several  diagrams,  and  find  that 
they  agree  entirely  with  your  correspondent's  deduc- 
tions, except  that  I  imagine  such  pollen  as  will  be 
removed  from  the  outer  surface  of  the  stigmatic 
lobes  will  be  taken  oft'  before  the  lobes  become 
reflexed.  A  quite  similar  mechanism  is  well  known 
in  the  allied  genus  Campanula.  Microscopic  exami- 
nation readily  enough  shows  that  the  inner  surface 
of  the  lobes  is  the  true  stigmatic  one,  covered  with 
the  characteristic  papillae,  and  showing  development 
of  pollen-tubes,  &c.  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Dewar 
for  calling  mv  attention  to  this  interesting  plant. 
F.  W.  Oliccr,  Kev. 


THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  WATERING  PLANTS.  — 
AVithin  certain  limits  it  is  quite  possible  to  agree 
with  "  ,T.  J.  AV.,"  in  his  article  in  your  last  issue. 
We  may  divide  the  subject  into  two  distinct  parts  : 
— 1,  The  advantages  of  evening  watering  to  the 
gardener;  2,  its  advantages  as  regards  the  plants. 
Time  and  labour  are  both  saved  by  the  adoption  of 
the  first  mode  of  watering.  The  ground  and  plants 
are  both  cooled  by  the  act,  which  alone  is  a  distinct 
gain,  for  the  lowering  of  the  night  temperature  is 
favourable  to  rapid  plant  growth  during  the  day,  the 
converse  usually  resulting  in  feeble  gi-owth,  as  is 
seen  in  any  greenhouse  where  a  high  night  tempera- 
ture is  kept  up  during  any  part  of  the  year,  iloreover 
the  water  given  in  the  evening — if  it  be  given  in 
surticient  quantity  to  saturate  the  soil  to  1  foot  in 
depth — does  not  get  evaporated  in  quiet  weather, 
but  remains  stored  between  the  particles  of  earth 
until  it  is  utilised  by  the  roots  of  the  plants,  or 
is  evaporated  by  the  sun's  heat,  or  sinks  to  a 
lower  level.  The  advantages  of  watering  by  day 
may  be  summed  up  in  a  few  words,  and  seem 
scarcely  to  weigh  at  .all  as  against  those  of  the 
evening.  The  plants  which  may  be  gi'owing  into 
the  soil  of  the  field,  gardtn,  or  in  tubs  and  pots, 
make  their  chief  gi-owth  during  the  hours  of  sunlight, 
and  consequently  make  their  severest  call  on  the 
roots  during  that  period  of  the  day,  so  that  any 
moisture  supplied  at  that  time  is  immediately  made 
use  of,  but  much  of  it  must  be  lost  by  evaporation  if 
the  day  be  bright.  Therefore  it  may  be  assumed 
that  where  day  watering  is  the  rule,  a  much  greater 
quantity  must  be  given  than  would  be  needed  if 
night  watering  were  adopted.  In  hotter  climates 
than  ours,  garden  crops  are  watered,  either  by 
means  of  some  system  of  irrigation,  or  flooding,  or 


by  the  labourer  scattering  water  from  water-alleys 
which  divide  the  plots  over  the  lands.  This  mode  of 
day  watering  results  in  very  rapid  growth,  the  earth 
being  in  the  state  of  a  moist  hotbed  from  the  great 
quantity  of  water  contained  in  it,  and  the  great  heat 
of  the  sun.  X.  [It  is  necessary  to  distinguish  be- 
tween feeding,  or  preparation  for  growth,  and  actual 
growth  ;  the  latter  takes  place,  not,  as  our  corre- 
spondent supposes,  in  sunlight,  but  at  night.  Ed.] 

That    horticulturists  may   be   much   misled 

by  unpractised  scientists  is  exemplified  in  an 
article  by  ".T.  J.  AA'.,"  under  the  above  heading, 
on  p.  39  of  your  last  number.  It  would  have  been 
more  appropriately  headed,  "  Morning  iicra«5  Evening 
AA'atering."  "  .1.  .1.  AA''."  prefers  morning  watering 
because  "evaporation  .  .  .  cannot  take  place 
without  producing  cold,  and  that  cold  is  propor- 
tionate to  the  rapidity  of  the  evaporating  process." 
He  then  proceeds  to  ask,  "  AVhat,  then,  is  the  practi- 
cal eft'ect  of  an  evening  watering?"  He  answers  the 
question  as  follows  : — "  The  air  is  dry  from  the  heat 
of  the  day,  and  evaporation  goes  on  briskly  ;  the 
temperature  consequently  falls,  and  the  plants  are 
chilled,  as  there  are  no  sun's  rays  to  communi- 
cate fresh  warmth.''  "  J.  J.  AA'."  arrives  at  what 
surely  is  a  very  WTong  conclusion,  through  not 
taking  into  consideration  certain  important  facts. 
I  have  no  time  fully  to  discuss  this  question,  but, 
with  your  permission,  I  will  just  present  an  opposite 
view',  and  state  why  I  believe  that  evening  watering 
is  best  during  summer  drought.  It  is  best  during 
hot,  sunny  weather,  because  it  is  more  economical  of 
water  and  of  the  labour  of  applying  it,  evaporation 
being  less  during  the  night  than  during  the  sunny 
days.  The  air  during  cool  evenings  and  nights 
which  follow  hot  days,  so  far  from  being  dry,  is 
moist.  Has  "  .T.  J.  AV."  never  heard  of  or  seen  dew  ? 
Hot  air  being  absorptive  of  moisture,  becomes 
charged  during  the  day  with  more  than  it  can  con- 
tain wlien  the  heat  departs  in  the  evening.  Instead, 
therefore,  of  evaporation  taking  place  during  cool 
evenings  and  nights  following  hot  days  it  usually 
ceases,  and  considerable  deposition  of  moisture  takes 
place.  In  some  cases  morning  waterings  may  be 
best.  This  subject  might  repay  discussion. 
"  J.  J.  AV.'s"  concluding  remarks  are  worthy  of 
attention.  J.  E.  Eicing,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant. 

NOTES  ON  GARDENING  AT  GOODRICH  COURT. 
— Goodrich  Court  is  about  seven  miles  from  the 
town  of  Monmouth,  and  within  a  few  hundred  yards 
of  the  imposing  ruins  of  Goodrich  Castle.  The  fine 
pleasure  grounds  of  the  modern  residence  abound 
with  fine  views,  pleasant  surprises,  and  are  rich  in 
Conifers,  which  are  mostly  planted  as  specimens. 
In  planting  these  trees  the  species  or  varieties  chosen 
were  those  that  were  considered  suitable  for  the 
situation,  as  is  proved  by  their  robust  health  at  the 
present  time.  Of  well  furnished  examples  may  be 
named  Picea  Smithiana,  P.  orientalis,  Abies  Pinsapo, 
A.  Nordmanniana,  A.  lasiocarpa,  Pinus  excelsa,  carry- 
ing many  cones  ;  a  very  fine  Cupressus  macrocarpa, 
C.  Lawsoniana,  Thuia  gigantea,  Thuiopsis  borealis, 
and  T.  dolabrata.  Many  others  could  be  enumerated, 
but  to  describe  them  would  take  too  much  space, 
while  a  list  of  names  is  uninteresting.  The  culture 
of  the  Vine  stands  pre-eminent  at  Goodrich,  as 
might  be  expected  under  the  supervision  of  Mr. 
Spencer,  who  was  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Coleman  of 
Eastnor  Gardens,  and  it  will  be  remembered  that 
the  Grapes  from  Goodrich  figured  well  at  the  last 
September  show  at  South  Kensington.  The  vineries, 
however,  are  neither  numerous  nor  large.  The 
varieties  in  bearing  at  the  time  of  my  visit  were 
Alnwick  Seedling,  Lady  Downe's,  Trebbiano,  Gros 
Colmar,  and  Black  Alicante,  the  last  three  named 
being  remarkable  for  the  size,  symmetrical  form,  and 
colour  of  their  bunches.  Gros  Colmar  is  seldom 
seen  carrying  such  fine  bloom  on  the  berries  as  here, 
and  its  flavour  is  very  good.  Black  Alicante  occu- 
pies much  space  ;  considerable  pains  are  taken  in 
its  culture.  Much  has  lately  been  written  respecting 
suitable  stocks  for  Grapes,  and  here  an  opportunity 
presented  itself  to  inspect  the  Alicante  upon  two 
distinct  stocks  as  well  as  on  its  own  roots.  Old- 
acres,  AVest's  St.  Peter's,  and  Lady  Downe's,  are  the 
stocks  employed,  and  these  are  seen  to  have  a  decided 
influence  upon  some  of  the  qualities  of  the  fruit. 
In  point  of  colour  there  was  no  perceptible  difference, 
the  three  conditions  being  alike  perfect ;  but  in  size 
and  form  of  the  bunches  those  groivn  upon  their  own 
roots  had  the  advantage,  .and  those  upon  the  St. 
Peter's  were  the  least  good  in  these  respects.  It  was, 
however,  in  flavour  that  the  influence  of  the  stock 
was  most  developed ;  here  the  West's  St.  Peter's  A^'ine 
proved   its  superiority,  the    Grapes  possessing   an 


82 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JcLT  16,  1887. 


agrceablf  briskness  surpnssiiig  that  of  the  ordinary 
Alicante.  On  the  other  hand.  Lady  Downe's  as  a 
stock  for  this  variety  was  objectionable,  the  flavour 
having  deteriorated  considerably.  Black  Barbarossa 
■was  growing  exceedingly  robust,  as  was  likewise 
Muscat  TrovL-ren,  a  Vine  grafted  upon  a  stock  of 
the  variety  General  della  Marmora.  This  it  is 
intended  to  graft  with  Muscat  Hamburgh,  some 
satisfactory  results  being  anticipated  from  the  treble 
union.  The  stock  is  evidently  a  free  rooting  one, 
and  should  suit  weakly  growers.  In  speaking  of 
stocks  it  may  be  remarked  that  Golden  Queen  is  an 
excellent  stock  for  Gros  Maroc,  a  fact  proved  quite 
fairly  at  Hendre.  T.  Coomhrr,  Hmdrc  Gardens, 
Monmouthshire. 

DOUBLE  OX-EYE  DAISIES.— A  semi-double  Ox- 
eye  Daisy  was  recently  exhibited  before  the  Scientific 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and  I 
believe  received  a  Fiist-class  Certificate  from  the 
Floral  Committee.  A  specimen  was  sent  to  me,  and 
I  thought  it  a  poor  flower,  the  doubling  ligules  being 
mean  and  frizzly.  Still,  any  attempt  to  produce  a 
double  Ox-eye  Daisy  should  be  encouraged.  The 
Ox-eye  Daisy  is  a  pure  white  flower,  .and  a  pure  white 
double  does  not  exist  in  the  class,  though  many 
varieties  of  Pyrethrum  roseum,  both  double  and 
single,  are  called  white.  But  the  best  variety  of  Ox- 
eye  Daisy,  and  that  to  which  florists  should  direct 
their  attention  in  endeavouring  to  produce  doubles,  is 
Chrysanthemum  maximum  of  De  Candolle,  which  has 
flowers  twice  as  large  as  those  of  the  common  Ox-eye 
Daisy,  and  is  a  dwarfer  plant,  and  flowers  early,  from 
the  middle  of  June  to  the  end  of  July.  It  is  so  beau- 
tiful and  well-formed  a  flower,  that  I  cannot  under- 
stand why  a  bed  of  it  is  not  annually  made  in  everv 
kitchen  garden,  if  only  for  cutting.  It  should  be 
divided  and  replanted  in  October  everv  vear,  and  is 
then  a  grand  plant.  It  was  figured"  in  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronide  last  year,  and  I  am  again  sending 
specimens,  showing  two  or  three  rows  of  ray-flowers, 
even  when  produced  in  the  soil  of  this  garden,  which 
is  so  unfavourable  for  the  doubling  of  flowers  that 
many  double  flowers  revert  to  single  when  planted  in 
it.  C.  Wolley  Sod.  [It  is  worth  noting  that  the  semi- 
double  Chrysanthemum,  above  alluded  to,  received 
a  Certificate  by  a  majority  of  two  out  of  three  voters, 
while  about  twenty  members  present  refrained  from 
voting  !  !  Ed.] 


Societies. 


Foreign  Correspondence. 

NK\V  HYBRID  AZALEAS. 
We  send  you  some  flowers  of  Azalea  mollis  X 
sinensis,  a  new  hybrid  between  A.  mollis  .and  A. 
sinensis.  The  bright  colour,  the  larger  flowers 
than  those  from  A.  mollis,  and  the  sports  they  have, 
which  is  quite  a  new  feature  in  A.  mollis.  The  gain 
of  new  colours  that  do  not  exist  in  A.  mollis,  causes 
QS  to  believe  the  variety  is  a  real  improvement, 
They  are  quite  hardy,  grow  quicker  than,  and  are  as 
free  flowering  as  A.  mollis.  Their  leaves  are  a  little 
bluish  and  darker.  We  expect  a  future  for  it.  M. 
Koster  <)■  Sous.  [Very  good  flowers,  of  large  size,  good 
color  and  substance,  and  fragrant  withal.  Ed.1 


New  Inventions, 

THE  MIKADO  FLOWER-HOLDERS. 
Visitors  to  the  Japanese  Exhibition  must  liave 
been  struck  with  the  elegant  floral  arrangements 
made  by  the  natives,  and  the  simplicity  with  which 
the  effect  was  produced.  Mr.  Hodgson,  of  0,  St. 
James'  Square,  Xotting  Hill,  sends  us  a  specimen  of 
one  of  their  flower-holders,  consisting  simply  of  a 
water-tight  joint  of  Bamboo  with  an  aperture  for 
the  insertion  of  the  flower,  with  provision  for 
hanging  up  the  flower-holder  in  any  convenient 
spot.  Not  only  may  flowers  be  emjdoyed  in  these 
simple  and  effective  holders,  but  small  Ferns  or 
other  plants  may  be  grown  in  them,  and  hung  up 
on  the  walls  in  the  same  way  that  an  Italian 
bambino  is  sometimes  suspended.  These  suspension 
holders  afford  a  means  of  producing  at  little 
cost  and  trouble  effective  arrangements  of  a  novel 
character. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

Tuesday,  July  12. — This  small  but  interesting 
meeting  took  place  in  the  conservatory  at  South 
Kensington.  A  fine  display  of  tuberous  Begonias 
from  Messrs.  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill,  occupied  a 
stand  in  the  centre,  and  a  well  assorted  collection  of 
.annuals  in  bloom  was  set  up  by  Messrs.  Carter  & 
Co.  Mr.  T.  Ware's  Lilies  and  other  hardy  flowers 
gave  still  more  colour ;  in  another  part,  some  very 
superior  fruits  of  Strawberries  in  some  variety,  and 
the  Peas  contributed  by  the  competitors  for  the 
prizes  off"ered  by  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.,  Messrs.  Sutton 
&  Sons,  and  Messrs.  Webb  &  Son,  were  to  be  seen. 
A  few  Orchids,  but  nothing  of  much  moment,  and 
Iris  Kaempferi  in  variety  were  likewise  exhibited  by 
various  persons. 

Scientific    Committee. 

Present :  Dr.  Lowe,  in  the  chair ;  Messrs.  O'Brien, 
Wilson,  W.  G.  Smith,  Boulger,  and  Dr.  Masters. 

The  meeting  was  but  thinly  attended,  and  the 
objects  brought  before  it  on  this  occasion  were  not 
numerous. 

Hay  Fever. — Mr.  O'Brien  made  some  comments 
on  a  paragraph  recently  published  in  the  columns  of 
the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  and  detailed  his  own  expe- 
rience with  reference  to  the  flowers  of  Golden 
Feather,  Artemisia,  insect-powder  (Pyrethrum), 
Hibbertia  volubilis.  Patchouli,  Lilium  auratum,  and 
other  plants,  by  the  perfume  of  which  he  was  to  a 
greater  or  less  degree  affected.  Other  cases  of  a 
similar  kind  were  mentioned  by  members  of  the 
committee — the  general  inference,  from  the  varied 
nature  of  the  plants,  being  that  the  real  causes  of  the 
symptoms  must  also  be  varied,  and  that  the  pollen 
alone  cannot  be  credited  with  the  mischief. 

Fasciatcd  Tamils. — Mr.  W.  G.  Smith  showed  a 
remarkably  contorted  and  fasciated  specimen  of  this 
plant. 

Yoric  and  Lancaster  Hose. — The  Chainnan  showed 
a  specimen  of  a  Rose  which  this  year  had  jjroduced 
on  the  same  stalk  a  red  Rose  and  a  white  Rose.  The 
plant  come  originally  from  the  garden  of  tlie  late 
Rev.  H.  EUacombe,  who  considered  it  to  be  the 
original  York  and  Lancaster  Rose,  and  that  the 
Damask  Rose  with  striped  petals,  now  commonly 
called  the  Y'ork  and  Lancaster  Rose,  is  not  rightly  so 
called.  Dr.  Masters  alluded  to  other  instances  of  di- 
morphism in  Roses,  attributable  to  the  sudden  disso- 
ciation of  previously  combined  hybrid  characters. 

Celestial  Rose. — Dr.  Lowe  exhibited  a  specimen  of 
this  old  Rose,  remarkable  for  its  very  glaucous 
foliage,  its  elegant  light  rose  flowers,  and  delicious 
perfume. 

Double  Campanulas,  ^c. — Rev.  C.  Wolley  Dod  sent 
a  curious  form, "  which  seems  to  have  a  regular  place 
in  the  history  of  that  very  variable  species,  Cam- 
panula rotundifolia.  The  fomi  with  the  corolla  cleft 
into  narrow  segments  is  generally  produced  in 
greater  or  less  proportion  from  the  seed  of  the  form 
with  the  double  corolla.  I  have  never  found  either 
of  these  two  forms  wild,  but  the  one  with  double 
corolla,  known  in  nurseries  as  var.  soldanelljcflora,  is 
not  uncommon  in  gardens :  and  the  other,  of  which 
I  send  both  double  and  single  flowers,  seems  to 
follow  it  in  natural  sequence.  I  enclose  also  the 
single  form  produced  among  seedlings  with  the 
other  two." 

Hybrid  Lychnis. — Dr.  Masters  called  attention 
to  the  interesting  hybrid  between  L.  coronaria  and 
L.  Flos-Jovis  sent  him  by  A.  0.  Walker,  Esq.  (see 
p.  W).  

Floral  Committee. 

Present :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq..  in  tlie  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  S.  Hibberd,  Rev.  W.  Wilks,  J.  Eraser,  H. 
Herbst,  Dr.  Lowe,  G.  Duflield,  B.  Wrane,  R.  Dean, 
C.  Noble,  II.  Ballantyne,  J.  Dominy^i  A.  S.  Lendy, 
T.  Baines,  J.  O'Brien,  E.  Hill,  H.  Tiu-ner,  W.  Holmes, 
and  W.  Goldring. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware  sent  a  very  large  and  comprehen- 
sive collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  .and  annual  plants 
in  flower,  for  which  a  Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal  was 
awarded.  Gaillardias  in  gi-eat  variety  were  a  pro- 
minent feature,  and  Liliums  also  took  a  leading  place. 
Scabiosa  elata  was  shown  :  it  is  a  good  sort,  having 
large  heads  of  flowers  of  a  good  creamy-yellow  colour ; 
Delphiniums  in  variety,  Eryngiums,  Irises,  A.ster 
Townsendi ;  and  among  the  Liliums,  L.  croceum,  rich 
orange;  L,  te.stareum,  pale  cinnamon  ;  andL.  Parryi, 


bright  yellow,  were  good  sorts.  Delphinium  ranun- 
cnlifolium,  a  double  variety  of  a  blue-purple  colour,  is 
a  pretty  sort ;  D.  Rolla  is  very  deep  in  colour,  outer 
segments  blue,  inner  purple.  Alstromeria  chilensis 
was  also  shown  with  Lythnim  roseum  superbum, 
Chrysanthemum  maximum,  Helianthus  japonicus, 
said  to  be  three  weeks  earlier  than  H.  rigidus,  which 
it  much  resembles  ;  and  is  a  desirable  sort.  Messrs. 
J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High  Holborn,  W.C,  also  showed  a 
large  collection  of  annuals,  including  several  v.arieties 
of  Tobacco.  Petunias  were  the  leading  feature,  and 
several  good  varieties  were  shown — one,  Queen  of  the 
Roses,  is  a  single  variety,  in  colour  delicate  rose,  a 
very  pretty  one.  Ornamental  grasses,  German  Stocks, 
&c.,  were  plentiful.  Other  plants  were  Vis- 
caria  cardinalis,  Tropa-ohims,  Balsams,  Papavers. 
Amaranthus  caudatus  (Love-lies-bleeding)  was 
shown  flowering  in  the  pots  in  which  it  had  been 
sown,  and  made  a  good  effect  in  this  manner. 
Eucharidium  concinnum  is  a  useful  dwarf  plant  in 
borders,  &c.,  and  so  also  is  Phlo.x  Drummondi  Heyn- 
holdi,  a  rich  scarlet  with  dark  eye ;  P.  D.  grandiflora 
elegans  is  pale  crimson-lake,  with  large  white  eye, 
and  is  very  effective,  contrasting  well  with  the 
former  variety ;  P.  D.  g.  coccinea  much  resembles 
Heynholdi,  but  is  of  a  more  intense  colour  and  deeper 
tone,  and  should  find  admirers.  (Bronze  Banksian 
Medal.)  The  firm  likewise  showed  flowers  in 
bunches  of  Gladiolus  namosus,  showy,  desirable 
flowers,  good  for  cutting,  and  for  borders  and  beds. 
These  fell  generally  into  two  categories,  white  or 
pink,  and  scarlets  of  various  shades. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Son.  Chelsea,  showed  a 
number  of  interesting  plants  ;  they  were  : — Xephro- 
lepis  rufescens  var.  tripinnatifida,  Scolopendrium 
vulgare  var.  Vallaisii,  a  strong-growing  plant,  with 
heavily  crested  tops ;  a  very  pretty  form  of  the  com- 
mon Fern  ;  a  prettily  variegated  form  of  Impatiens 
Sultani,  called  I.  S.  variegata,  with  a  band  of 
yellow  round  the  margin  of  the  leaf,  the  rest  ])aler 
than  in  the  type  ;  Anthuriura  Rothschildianum,  a 
variety  having  the  spathes  red  and  white  (mottled) : 
Micronia  Hookeriana,  from  New  Grenada,  bearing 
leaves  7  inches  long,  dark  green,  with  silver  line 
(one-third  of  an  inch  wide)  down  the  centre  rib,  and 
a  narrow  one  running  parallel  to  the  margin, 
but  half  an  inch  from  it ;  under-side  pale 
green,  both  surfaces  slightly  hairy,  stem  much  so  ; 
Adiantum  Capillus- Veneris  Mairiesii,  which  will  be 
illustrated  in  our  colums  shortly ;  Andromeda 
speciosa  cassinifolia,  with  flowers  of  pure  white, 
freely  produced,  and  well  displayed  by  the  glossy 
foliivge;  Escallonia  Philippiana,  with  small  white 
flowers.  There  was  also  Berberis  aristata  inte- 
grifolia.  with  entire  leaves  1  inch  long,  red 
margin,  flower-stalks  also  red,  with  largish  yellow 
flowers — a  desirable  shrub  ;  Clematis  coccinea,  which 
is  useful  for  training  as  a  balloon  or  umbrella,  &c. ; 
and  Notospartium  Carmichaeliai.  A  great  many 
varieties  of  Iris  Kaempferi  were  also  contributed  by 
this  flrm,  all  very  fine  flowers,  and  many  of  great  size  ; 
Criterion,  very  heavily  streaked  with  plum  on  white, 
and  a  good  yellow  base,  the  flowers  measuring  Q 
inches  in  diameter  ;  Unique,  similar  to  the  foregoing, 
but  paler  in  colour  and  not  so  even  in  form ;  Ac- 
quisition, white,  with  very  few  purple  streaks,  more 
intense  towards  the  base,  6  inches  in  diameter,  very 
good  form  ;  Mikado,  a  rich  purple-violet,  has  a  good 
flower,  as  also  has  Harlequin,  mottled  purple  and 
white  ;  and  Othello,  purple  fading  to  blue  at  the 
base. 

Beyonias. — The  group  of  tuberous  Begonias,  both 
of  single  and  double  varieties,  displayed  by  Messrs. 
Laing  &  Co.,  Stanstead  Park  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill, 
S.E.,  was  worthy  of  all  praise.  It  was  resplendent  in 
colour  in  the  mass,  and  was  composed  of  some  of  the 
best  of  their  newer  hybrids.  We  will  now  name 
those  wliicli  obtained  certificates  : — Lustre,  a  brilliant 
scarlet,  flne  regular  form — double;  Alba  magna, 
white,  with  a  greenish  sliade — double:  Jupiter,  a 
double  flower,  appearing  to  be  made  up  of  perfect 
small  rosettes — scarlet ;  Snowball,  one  of  the  best 
of  the  whites — double  ;  Perfection,  double,  a  beauti- 
ful bloom — orange-scarlet ;  Rosea  compacta,  single, 
rose-pink — not  too  late,  and  very  dwarf  and  free  : 
Adonis,  pale  rose ;  Jubilee,  double,  deep  rose  ;  and 
Claribel.  The  single  flowered  varieties  were  very 
flne  in  colour,  but  seemed  to  pale  before  the  fire  of 
the  double  varieties.  (A  Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal.) 
A  small  collection  of  Iris  Kaempferi  came  from 
Mr.  W.  Gordon.  Twickenham.  Eclipse,  a  purple 
splayed  white  on  a  ground  of  purple  ;  and  Exquisite, 
ca?ruleaii-blue,  white,  and  yellow,  were  the  best. 
Quite  a  number  of  blooms  of  the  soft  pink-coloured 
Lilium  Kraineri  came  from  the  same  exhibitor,  who 
has  made  the  culture  of  this  fine  Lily  a  specialty. 


Jdly  16,  1887.] 


THE     GAIiDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


83 


Jlr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  showed  Pink  Malmaison 
Carnation  ;  it  has  medium-sized  flowers,  and  possibly 
will  have  less  inclination  to  cause  bursting  of  the 
calyx  than  the  older  variety;  and  Amber,  the 
colour  of  I'ride  of  Penshurst,  but  with  the  true  Cai-- 
nation  perfume. 

Orchids. —  i\  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  Studley  House, 
Shepherd's  Bush  (gr.,  Mr.  Cowley),  showed  several 
varieties  of  Cypripediums,  viz.,  Curtisi,  toDsuAi, 
selligeruni  rubriini ;  also  Epidendrum  atropurpureum 
and  var.  Kandii,  a  flower  with  bronzy-green  petals 
anp  sepals  and  white  lobe  and  lip,  the  latter  striped 
rosy-purple  at  the  base.  Epidendrum  Parkinsonia- 
num,  a  dwarf  plant  with  about  a  dozen  flowers  on  it, 
came  from  Mr.  PoUett's  garden,  Fernside,  Bickley. 
Mr.  Evans,  gi'.  to  Stewart  Hodgkins,  Esq.,  Lythe 
Hill,  Haslemere,  showed  Odontoglossum  Alexandra', 
with  a  yellow  ground  covered  with  bold  patches  of 
brown  ;  another  ordinary  O.  Alexandra?,  but  with  a 
very  large  spike,   bearing  thirty-live  flowers,  came 


FmsT-CLAss  Certificates. 

Sweet  Pea  Primrose,  from  Mr.  H.  Eckford. 

yweet  Pea  Splendour,  from  Mr.  H.  Eckford. 

Sweet  Pea  Alauve  Queen,  from  Mr.  H.  Eckford. 

Scolopendrium  vulgare  Vellaisii,  from  Messrs.  J. 
Veitch  &  Sons. 

Berberis  aristata  integrifolia,  from  Messrs.  J. 
Veitch  &  Sons. 

Iris  Acquisition,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons. 

Iris  Unique,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons. 

Iris  Criterion,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sous. 

Iris  Exquisite,  from  Mr.  W.  Gordon. 

Iris  Eclipse,  from  Mr.  W.  Gordon. 

Epidendrum  Parkinsonianum,  from  II.  M.  Pol- 
lett,  Esq. 

Odontoglossum  Vuylstekiannm  maculatuni,  from 
Sir  T.  Lawrence. 

La^lia  Batemaniana.  from  Baron  Schroder. 

Carnation  Amber,  from  Jlr.  C.  Turner. 


Fig.  20. — nail-gall  on  leaves  of  lime  trees,     (see  xotices  to  correspondents,  p.  87.) 


from  the  same  grower.  Mr.  H.  Ballantine,  The  Dell, 
Egham,  brought  Loelia  Batemaniana,  a  very  pretty 
species,  with  rosy-red  flowers  and  purple  lip.  Mr. 
Bickerstaffe,  Orchid  grower  to  Sir  T.  Lawrence, 
showed  Odontoglossum  Vuylstekianum  maculatum. 
The  flower  is  a  rather  pleasing  one,  with  white 
ground  colour  that  runs  into  yellow  at  the  points  of 
the  petals  and  sepals ;  the  spots  (brown)  are  few  and 
small,  and  the  spike  was  slender. 
%  Miscellaneous. — Messrs.  Collins  Brothers  &  Gabriel, 
3J,  Waterloo  Koad,  showed  a  variety  of  Chrysan- 
themum leucanthemum  named  Imperiale.  Messrs. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons  exhibited  tuberous  Begonias 
Mrs.  Lewis  Castle,  an  orange-pink,  full,  large, 
and  double ;  and  Prince  of  Orange,  a  refulgent 
scarlet,  free  in  flowering,  of  medium  size.  Several 
racemes  of  flowers  of  Lagerstriimia  indicacame  from 
Mr.  Ross,  gr.,  Pendell  Court,  for  which  a  Cultural 
Commendation  was  awarded.  Sweet  Peas  in  variety 
■were  shown  by  Mr.  H.  Eckford,  gr.  to  Dr.  Sankey, 
Boreaton  Park,  Shrewsbury.  The  choicest  were 
Splendour,  rosy-purple  in  colour ;  Primrose,  creamy- 
white  ;  and  Mauve  Queen,  pale  blue. 


Carnation  Pink  Malmaison,  from  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

Begonia  Mrs.  L.  Castle,  from  Messrs.  H.  Cannell 
&  Sons. 

Begonia  Prince  of  Orange,  from  Messrs.  H.  Can- 
nell &  Sons. 

Begonia  Snowball,  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  Jupiter,  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  alba  magna,  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  rosea  compacta.  from  Messrs  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  Adonis,  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  Claribel,  from  Jlessrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  Perfection,  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  Jubilee,  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 

Begonia  Lustre,  from  Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co. 


Fruit  Committee, 

Present :  Dr.  Robert  Hogg,  in  the  chair ;  .and 
Messrs.  T.  F.  Rivers,  G.  T.  Miles,  A.  H.  Pearson. 
A.  W.  Sutton,  H.  J.  Veitch,  James  Smith,  T.  B. 
Haywood,  C.  Ross,  P.  Crowley,  S.  Ford,  and  G. 
Bunyard. 

Mr.  W.    Allan,  Gunton    Park,   Norwich,   showed 


fourteen  varieties  of  Strawberries.  They  were  old 
favourites  which  still  hold  their  own,  all  of  which 
were  very  fine  fruits  and  of  great  size.  James 
Veitch,  Amateur,  Crimson  Queen,  Sir  J.  Paxton, 
President,  Dr.  Hogg,  The  Countess  (size  small),  Mr. 
Radclitte.  Auguste  Nicaise,  Auguste  Boiselot,  John 
Powell,  Unser  Fritz,  British  Queen,  Sir  C.  Napier, 
were  the  sorts,  and  they  were  well  shown  ;  having  been 
packed  well,  they  were  not  at  all  bruised.  A  Bronze 
Banksian  Medal  was  justly  awarded  to  this  exhibit. 
Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Son  showed  dishes  of  a  new 
Strawberry,  Waterloo,  very  dark,  almost  black  in 
colour  and  very  large  ;  it  is  a  very  distinct  fruit,  of 
medium  flavour,  but  much  admired  by  visitors  on 
account  of  its  size.  It  will  be  a  good  sort  for  making 
a  display  on  dessert  dishes.  Stewart  Hodgson,  Ksq., 
Lythe  Hall  {gr.,  Mr.  Evans),  showed  two  Pine- 
apples (Queens),  fruited  in  sixteen  months  from 
suckers,  good  fruits  of  fair  size.  Mr.  C.  Ross,  Wel- 
ford  Park,  Newbury,  contributed  two  seedling  Melons, 
one  of  which  had  a  good  flavour,  somewhat  like 
Eastnor  Castle ;  the  other  one  was  not  of  much  merit. 
Mr.  Maher,  Pattenden  Court,  Newbury,  also  showed 
two  Melons,  and  l*eaches  of  good  outward  appear- 
ance. A  Melon  was  also  shown  by  W.  F.  Hume 
Dick,  Esq.,  Thames  Ditton  House,  Thames  Ditton. 

Competing  Classes. — The  competition  was  confined 
to  special  prizes  offered  by  various  seed  firms. 
Messrs.  Webbs  prizes,  offered  for  twenty-four  pods 
of  Webb's  Wordsley  Wonder. — Mr.  H.  Marriott,  sen., 
Skirbeck,  Boston,  carried  off  1st  prize  in  a  good 
competition,  showing  well  filled  pods  ;  the  Pea  is  a 
handsome  one,  of  good  size  and  dark  foliage  ;  2nd, 
Mr.  H.  Marriott,  jun.,  Prospect  House,  Boston  ;  3rd, 
Mr.  E.  S.  Miles,  Edgcote  Gardens,  Banbury,  both 
showing  good  samples. 

Messrs.  Sutton  offered  prizes  for  two  varieties  of 
their  Peas,  viz..  Royal  Jubilee  and  Duke  of  Albany, 
and  Mr.  F.  A.  IJeckett,  Coal  Hatch  Farm,  Amersham, 
leading  well  out  of  eight,  and  strong  large  well  filled 
pods;  2nd,  Mr.  R.  Timms,  Hammersley  Lane,  Penn, 
Amersham  ;  ^rd,  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  Glenhurst,  Esher, 
Surrey ;  4th,  Mr.  H.  Marriott,  jun.,  Skerbeck,  Bos- 
ton, all  of  whom  exhibited  well.  The  same  firm  also 
offered  prizes  for  three  heads  of  Sutton's  Magnum 
Bonum  Cauliflower :  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite  led,  showing 
solid  heads  and  good  in  colour;  and  3rd,  Mr.  F.  A. 
Beckett ;  the  2nd  prize  being  withheld. 


CRYSTAL  PALACE. 


July  19. — Bases. — The  display  of  blooms  made  at 
this  show  was  of  a  very  satisfactory  nature,  as,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  the  weather  had  abated  its  heat  to 
some  extent,  the  blooms  were  more  fresh  and  bright 
than  was  the  case  at  the  exhibition  of  the  National 
Rose  Society.  The  amateurs  made  the  most  credit- 
able show,  indeed  in  Mr.  Lindsells  stand  for  twenty- 
four  varieties,  in  threes,  the  finest  blooms  of  the 
show  were  observed.  The  nurserymen  also  made  a 
fine  display  in  the  larger  classes. 

Open  Classes. — The  highest  honours  were  carried  off 
by  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant,  Colchester,  in  the  class  for  seventy- 
two  single  trusses,  distinct,  showing  a  lot  of  hand- 
some blooms,  even  and  bright — Her  Majesty,  Sou- 
venir d'Elise,  Baroness  Rothschild,  Madame  G.  Lui- 
zet,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  La  Boule  d'Or,  were  speci- 
ally good.  Mr.  F.  Cant.  Colchester,  followed  very 
closely  also  with  bright  flowers,  Madame  de  Watte- 
ville,  Baroness  de  Rothschild,  Mar^chal  Niel,  Xavier 
Olibo,  were  his  most  creditable  sorts. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  led  in  the  next  class 
(for  forty-eight  trebles)  showing  Pride  of  Waltham, 
Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison,  Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam. 
Victor  Verdier,  Her  Majesty,  in  good  style;  Mr.  B. 
K.  Cant  was  2nd.  showing  good  examples  of  In- 
uocenta  Pirola,  Her  Majesty,  Comtesse  d'Oxford. 
Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  led  in  the  class  for  twenty- 
four  H.P.'s  in  threes,  showing  a  good  stand  of  blooms, 
of  which  Her  Majesty,  Ulrich  Brunner,  Louis  Van 
Houtte,  A.  K.  Williams,  and  Pride  of  Waltham, 
were  prominent  examples  ;  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams 
&  Co.,  Salisbury,  took  2nd,  having  good  blooms  of 
Ulrich  Brunner.  Madame  Chas.  Wood.  The  same 
firm  secured  the  premier  place  with  twenty -four 
distinct  varieties,  single  trusses,  in  a  very  large  and 
close  competition,  with  good  Baroness  Rothschild, 
Xavier  Olibo,  A.  K.  Williams,  Her  Majesty,  and 
Ulrich  Brunner. 

Mr.  B.  R.  Cant  had  the  best  collection  of  eighteen 
Teas  and  Noisettes  in  threes,  making  a  fine 
display,  with  clean  and  well-formed  blooms,  of 
which  the  finest  were  Madame  de  Wattevillea 
Madame  Cusin,  Innocenta  Pirola,  Rubens,  and 
Comtesse  de  Nadaillac.     Mr.  F.  Cant  came  in  as  a 


Bi 


THE    'GAF  DENE  US'     CHBONICLE. 


[July  16,  1887. 


close  anJ  good  2inl,  showing  very  similarly.  For 
a  Rose  of  similar  colour  to  Latly  Mary  Fitzwilliam, 
Mr.  H.  Bennett.  Shepperton,  Middlesex,  took  1st  in 
a  keen  competition  with  a  magnificent  lot  of  Her 
Majesty.  All'  the  prize  winners  in  this  class  had 
this  varietv.    2nd.  Mr.  15.  R.  Cant. 

Aiiuitcmv.—As  already  mentioned,  there  was  a  fine 
show  of  good  bloomsin  this  division,  the  best  display 
being  made  in  the  competition  for  prizes  offered  for 
twentv-four  varieties  in  ■  threes.  E.  B.  Lindsell, 
Esq..  'Bearton,  Hitchin,  was  tlie  most  successful 
exhibitor,  coming  1st  in  a  large  competition.  He 
liad  remarkably  fine  specimens  of .  Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac,  and  othef  good  blooms  were  Marie  Finger, 
UlrichBrunner,  Marecha!  Niel,  Madame  G.  Luiw-t, 
Marie  Baumann,  and  Merveille  de  lyvon.  iThis! 
stand  secured  much  attentioji.  A  close  2nd  was  Mr. 
,T.  Brown,  gr.  to  Mrs.  "Waterlow,  Great  Doods,  Reigate,' 
also  showing.fiiiely :  in  this  collection  the  befit  examples 
were  Lord  F.  Cavbndish,'  Madame  U;  Luizet,  and 
Charles  Lefebvre.  Rev.  J.  H.  Pemberton,  Havering, 
Essex,  followed  up  closely,  showing  good  specimens 
of  Etienne  Levet,  Baroness  Rothschild,  Ulrich 
Brunner,  and  Madame  G.  Luizet.  E.  B.  Lindsell, 
Esq.,  also  led  with  twenty-four  H.P.'s,  single  trusses, 
here  again  showing  well.  Mr.  W.  .T.  Grant,  Hope 
End  Farm,  Ledbury,  showed  best  in  the  class  for 
forty-eight  varieties,  single  trusses,  having  blooms 
of  fair  size  and j good  quality;  Countess  of  Oxford, 
Ulrich  Brunner'  Horivce  Vernet,  Dr.  Andry,  were 
good  blooms.  Rev.  J.-  H.  I'emberton  came  2nd, 
showing  well  also.  Twel-^e^Teas  and  Noisettes,  in 
threes,  were  shown  in  capital  condition  by  Rev.  E. 
G.  King,  Madingley  Vicarage,  Canihridge,  an  at- 
tractive exhibit,  securing  1st  in  this  class.  JIadame 
Cusin,  Marechal  Niel,  Jean  Ducher,  and  l*)uvenir 
d'Elise,  were  the  best:         ' 

Cut.  Flowei-s.^Mr.  .T.  Douglas,.  Great  Gearies, 
Ilford.  was  the  stole  exhibitor  of  Picotees.  carrying 
off  the  1st  honours  in  tliat  class  with  very  good, 
evenly-formed  flowers ;  he  had  among  others*^ Agues 
Chamfcers  (a  nerf  variety,  rich  ohrome-yellow;.  with 
a  very  nati^ow  band  of  pale  purplish-rose') :  Tena 
Cotta,  Douglas,  Argufe,  and  Refulgence.  "With  Car-: 
nations,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  led,  while  Mn 
Douglas  was  2nd,  both  showing  well.  Mr.  Turner 
liad  Amber  (new,  a  chrome  self),  Cardinal,  Pride 
of  Penshurst,  Goliath,  and  Mr.  Keen,  in  good  forrn, 
Mr.  Douglas  showing  his  own,  seedlings.  Mr.  F. 
Hoo])er  4th,  but  1st  with  pinks:  a  good  lot,  well 
grown  and  showmv      ,  .'  -. -l1.- 

H^Licellancdm.-T-'iiessTS.  3.  Veitch  &  Son  contri- 
buted a  Jarge  collection  of  cut  Rose's;  the  lilooms  were 
large,  goBd  in  ftrm;  and  clear'i  rAosi!  of  the  leading 
varieties  wereincluded  in  this  exhibit.  A  Strawberry; 
Victofy,  came  from  Jlr,  .J.  House,  Peterborough ;  it  iS 
evidently  prolflc.  and  bears  a  good  -  sliaped  ■  fVuit 
of  mediitm  sizf^.  Bonquf-ks  and  sprays,  &c.,  were  from 
Mrs.  A.  Chail',  Park'  Hill  Nursei-y.  13ast  Croydon> 
Messrs.  B.arr  &  Son  had  a  large  and  comprehensive 
collection  of  Gladiolus  (tarly  flowering),  Llliums, 
ODnotheras.  Hemerocaljis,  Irises,  and  hanly  annuals. 
Gladiolus  Sarhiaii  Gem  and  G.  delieatissima  are 
good  sorts ;  the  'former  is  white  ivith  imk,  the 
latter  rose-pink  with'deeper  matkings.  Mr,'  T.  S. 
Ware.  Hale  Farm  Nurserii-s.  Tuttenliam,  eoutriliuted 
a  simil.ar  collection,  and  liad  also  Gaillardia  Diana, 
Eryngium,  &c.  Messrs,  H.  Cannell  &  Sons.  Swanley. 
showed  Roses,  Pelargoniums,  Begonias  (double  and 
single),  and  a  few  hardy  annuals;  the  Begonias  were 
very  good. 

Various  prizes  were  also  secured  by  Mr.  B.  R. 
Cant.  Mr.  Piper,  Uckfield ;  Mr.  C.  Turner.  Slougli ; 
Messrs.  Cranston  &  Co.,  Hereford ;  and  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son.  in  the  open  classes  ;  and  S.  P.  Budd, 
Esq.,  Mr.  Shoesmith,  T.  P.  B.  Atkins.  Esq.,  Messrs. 
Ashurst  .&  Tucker,. Gi  Christy,  and  E.  M.  Bethune, 
Esq.,  in  the  amateur  division,  but  space  ^vill  not 
permit  us  to  enter  into  detail. 


aOYAL    CALEDONIAN    HOBTICUX- 
TURAL. 

EDiSBnKGH,'J6i.Y  IS.T^This  show,  which  was  held 
in  tlie  Waverley  Market,  may,  as,  a  whole,  compare 
favourably  .with  those  of  previous  years.  Fruit  wfis 
exhibited'  perhaps  in  better  condition  and  lai-ger 
quantity  than  is  usual,  the  bright  hot  weather 
that  has  prevailed  having  contributed  to  the  ripen- 
ing of  forced  fruits,  so  that  gardeners  ip  the  North 
liad  a  fair  chance  of  competing  on  eipial  tenms  \vit(» 
their  Soutliern  brethren.,   ,  '       ,     ',.        ,"      ' 

JVkjC .^-Grapes  were  especially  good..  In ,  t\\e 
class  of  four  bunches  Mr.  McHattie,  gr.,  Newbattlc, 
took   1st  easily  %yith   enormous  bunches   o{.iBlaok 


Hamburgh  and  fine  samples  of  Muscat  of  Alexan- 
dria ;  Mr.  Mclndoe,  gr„  Ilutton  Hall,  Guisborough, 
with  also  excellent  Black  Hamburgh  and  the  same 
kind  of  Muscat,  made  a  good  2nd.  In  the  class  of 
two  bunches  of  black  Grapes  the  1st  prize  again  went 
to  Mr.  McHattie,  and  the  2nd  to  Mr.  McKinnon,  gr„ 
Melville  Castle,  the  competition  being  very  clo|se. 
In  the  class  for  two  i  bunches  black,  any  other 
variety,  Mr.  Mclndoe  took  the  1st  position  with 
'  two  good  samples  of  Madresfield.  Court  in  prime 
condition.  White  Grapes  were  generally  less 
well  finished  than  the  black.  ,The  1st  pasi- 
tion  again  fell  easily  to  Mr.  McHattie,  ,  with 
good  but  scarcely  ripe  Muscat  of  Alexandria ;  Mr. 
Mclndoe  2nd,  with  excellent  samjiles  of  Buck- 
land  Sweetwater.  Peaches  were  few,  but  i  ve^yi 
good,  .the  six  Royal  Georges  from  Mr.  McISinnon. 
were  remarkable  both  for  colour  .and  size.  ,  TJjft 
same  remarks-  apply  to  Nect^ines ; .  but  here  Mi'. 
McHattie  took  1st  prize,  with  grand  samples  of  Lord 
Napier.  Of  Figs  only  two  lots  were  st.aged  ;  both 
were  good,  the  1st  prize  being  taken  by  Mr.  Malcolm 
Mclntyre,  The  Glen,  Innerleithen;  and  the  2nd  by 
Mr.  Mclndoe.  Strawberries  made  a  great  feature  ; 
and  conspicuous  among  the  prize-taking  sorts  were 
James  Veitch  and  Duke  of  Edinburgh.  The  1st 
prize  for  four  dishes  went  to  Mr.  M.  Mclntyre,  for 
fruit  remarkable  alike  for  size,  colour,  and  excellence 
of  fomi.  In  the  class  for  collections  of  eight  dishes 
of  fruit,  Mr,  I.  Mclndoe  led  with  superior  samples 
of  Black  Hamburgli  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
Grapes,  and  capital  Pines,  as  principal  fruits  in  the 
collection  ;  and  Mr.  A.  Young  stood  an  excellent  2nd. 
Pines  were  in  limited  numbers,  but  were  very  good 
indeed.  The  best  came  from  Mr.  M.  Mclntyre,  he 
exhibiting  a  remarkably  good  Queen. 

Ilosrs. — The  Caledonian  Society:s  .Jubilee  prizes 
for  these  were  keenly  contested.  The  1st  prize 
for  thirty-six  blooms,  H.P.,  eighteen  varieties,  con- 
fined to  Scottish  growers,  was  carried  ort'  by  Mr.  A. 
Kirk,  gr.  to  J.  Thomson  Paton,  Norwood,  Alloa. 
The  3-guinea  prize  for  thirty-six  blooms,  distinct 
varieties,  was  taken  by  Mr.  J.  Walker,  Linlithgow. 
Mr.  G.  C.  Hunter,  Lauriston  Castle,  took  1st  honours 
in  the  class  for  twenty-four  blooms,  and  the  same 
position  was  taken  by  Mr.  A.  K.  Henderson,  Clur- 
miston.  in  the  class  for  twelve  blooms,  distinct 
varieties,  three  blooms  eaclv  The  prize  in  the  class 
for  twelve  Tea  and  twelve  H.P.  blooms  was  taken 
easily  by  Mr.  W.  Parlane.  The  class  for  three 
bouquets  of  Roses  was  very  unequally  contested ; 
the  1st  prize  lot,  tabled  by  Miss  Watson,  were 
beautiful  examples  of  what  a  Rose  bouquet  should 
be  ;  flowers  well  selected,  each  bouquet  distinct  from 
the  other,  both  in  material  and  arrangement. 

Orchids. — These,  though  a  pretty  considerable 
show,  culminated  in  interest,  so  far  as  cultural  skill 
was  concerned,  in  the  class  for  one  Orchid.  The 
competition  lay  between  Mr.  M.  Mclntyre  and  Mr. 
Robert  Cockburn,  Coltbridge  Hall.  The  former 
showed  a  splendid  plant  of  Miltonia  vexillaria,  with 
thirty  spikes  of  bloom,  which  took  1st  prize,  and  the 
latter  a  remarkably  good  variety  of  Cattleya  Mossiie, 
carrying  eighteen  blooms  in  prime  condition ;  both 
very  fine  and  worthy  of  the  awards. 

Miscellaneous.  —  Among  the  features  especially 
worthy  of  notice  brought  forward  by  nurserymen,  was 
the  1st  prize  table  of  plants  put  up  by  Messrs.  R.  B. 
Laird  &  Sons,  which  was  rich  in  Crotons,  Dracffina,s, 
and  other  foliage  plants,  associated  with  numbers  of 
Ericas,  Liliums,  Orchids,  Ferns,  and  Palms.  Mr. 
Robertson  Munro  had  a  very  attractive  table  of  her- 
baceous and  alnine  plants,  among  which  we  noticed 
specially  their  new  varjetj.of  Matricaria  i^odora 
Snowflake— a  variety  with,  pure  white  ..flowers,  apd 
with  a  compact,  slirubby  habit. 

Stove  and  greenhousi-  plants  were  competed  for  by 
the  local  veterans  in  these  classes  with  fibout  the 
usuiJ  res«ilts.  Mr.  Paterson,  Millbank ;  Mr.  Grossart. 
and  Jlr.  James  Bald,  Canaan  House,  sharing  honours 
in  the  several  classes. 

For  tables  of  plants  (garden.rs)  there  were  tlp-ee 
entries,  Mr.  Grossart,  Oswald  Road,  taking  the  1st 
prize  easily  with  an  elegantly  arranged  table  of  ivell 
grown  flowering  and  foliage  plants. 

Messrs.  Methven  &,  Sons  had  a  nice  tal)l,c  of  well- 
grown  Palms,  Drac.ncnas,  Crotons,  !f,c.    ,  ^ 

Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson  si:;t  up  a  small  table 
in  good  taste,  comprising  foliage ,  .and  flowering 
plants,  especially'  remarkable  aiiiong  wliieli  \vere 
Cypripedium  Tui-gii  and  Croton  Sunray,  the  latter 
suggesting  evidenfl/the  parentage  of  Qneen  Victoria' 
and  De  Jongci.  ,'    ,'      .        .      ,     ' 

Messrs.  Cocker  &,  Sons,  Aberdeen,  presented^  a; 
seedling  Fuchsia,  named  Countess  of  Aberdeen,  with' 
pure  white  petals  and,set)als. 


The  Lawson  Nursery  Company,  besides  having  ftn 
excellent  exhibit  of  miscellaneous  Conifers  and  other 
evergreen  plants,  took  1st  prize,  for  twelve  Conifers, 
distinct  species,  and  also  twelve  Conifers  for  table 
use  :  they  also  received  a  First-class  Certificate  for  a 
variety  of  Abies  grandis,  of  very  distinct  charact'er. 
It  is  named  brevifolia,  and  the  name  convi-ys  a,  cor- 
rect idea  of  its  character.  It  has  all  the  vigour  of  the 
typical  form,  but  the  leaves  are  riot  much  more  than 
half  the  length  of  those,  while  it  retains  the  sym- 
metry and  healthy  aspect  of  the  species.      ... 


National  Rose  Societt's  ExHiniTiox.    ' '' 

The  summer  show  of  the  premier  Horticulturji| 
Society  of  Scotland  had  great  importance  given  to  it 
this  year  by  having  combined  with  it  a  Rose  exhi- 
bition of  the  National  Rose  Society  of'  England, 
which  has  never  before  crossed  the  Border.  The 
show  was  a  great  success,  a«d  was  largely  attended; 
and  never  before  at  the  Edinburgh  shows  has  there 
been  seen  such  a  magnificent  display  of  Roses. 
Many  of  the  leading  English  growers  were  repre- 
sented, the  North  of  Ireland  nurserymen  were  also 
present,  and  Scotchmen  who  make  the  culture  of  the 
Rose  a  specialty  were  nothing  loth  to  enter  the  lists 
against  both  their  English  and  Irish  rivals. 

The  display  of  Roses  was  really  first-class,  the 
tables  were  loaded  with  the  most  beautiful  blooms. 
So  excellent  a  show  is  all  the  more  creditable,  con- 
sidering the  very  trying  six  weeks  of  drought  that 
have  just  been  experienced.  It  was  rather  interest- 
ing, having  the  English,  Irish,  and  Scottish  Roses 
alongside  of  each  to  compare  them.  In  size, 
substance,  and  style,  the  Scottish  and  Irish  Roses 
seemed  to  be  able  to  hold  their  own  witli  those 
either  from  Yorkshire,  Kent,  or  Herts,  but  the 
English  growers  must  in  the  competitions  be 
awarded  a  good  many  points  for  brilliancy 
and  colour.  The  Scotch  and  Irisli  Roses— the 
former  especially — were  rather  flat  in  colour  as 
compared  with  those  from  England — this  being 
])articularly  noticeable  in  the  crimson  and  d.ark 
crimson  varieties.  Under  the  schedules  of  the 
National  Rose  Society  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons, 
of  Bedale,  Yorkshire,  carried  otT  the  honours  for  the 
best  seventy-two  distinct,  single  trusses,  and  for  the 
best  thirty-six  (three  trusses  of  each).  They  had 
several  formidable  rivals.  Messrs.  Harkness'  lot  of 
seventy-two,  all  in  really  grand  order,  include 
very  fine  examples  of  La  France,  Innocenta  Pirola, 
and  Fran9ois  Michelon.  The  best  in  their  thirty- 
six  were  blooms  of  Beauty  of  Waltham,  Merveille 
de  Lyon,  Abel  Carrieie.  Messrs.  B.  R.  Cant, 
Colchester,  in  the  same  prize,  seventy-two,  had  a 
magnificent  bloom  of  IMarie  Baumann  ;  while  the 
gem  of  the  collection  of  Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons, 
Cheshunt,  Herts,  was  a  splendid  Abel  Carriere. 

For  the  best  thirty-six  distinct,  single  trusses,  open 
to  all  nurserymen,  the  challenge  trophy  valued  at 
£50,  which  is  held  for  a  year,  was  carried  oif  by 
George  Prince,  nurseryman,  O.xford,  with  a  lot  of 
singularly   excellence. 

In  the  class  for  thirty-six  distinct  single 
trusses.  B.  R.  Cant  was  1st,  his  collection 
including  finely  developed  and  coloured  blooms 
of  Alfred  Colorab — a  Rose  which  showed  to  great 
advantage  in  nearly  all  the  English  collections — 
Pride  of  Waltham,  Lady  Frederick  Cavendish,  and 
Lady  Mary  Fitzwilliam  ;  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son's  2nd 
])rize  lot  '  had  Marie  Rady  as  a  good  bloom. 
Mr.  J.  House,  Peterborough,  carried  nS  honours  in 
two  of  the  classes — for  thirty-six  single  trusses  and 
for  eighteen  ;  and  in  the  competition  for  twenty-fo^iir 
distinct  single  trusses,  open  to  riursei-yihen  resident 
in  Scotland,  Messrs.  James  Cocker  &'Sons,  Abe'i'-' 
deen,  were  1st,  with  a  fine  lot,  which  showed  what 
can  be  done  by  the  applicatibn  of  -skill  even  in  s'ti 
unlikely  a  district  for  competition  Rase  growing  as, 
the  Granite  City.  ,  

In  the  amateur  classes  (he  competition  was  very 
keen.     The  prizes  for  the  best   tun  ri.4lit..rn  (nissps 

were  carried  ofl'  by  Mr.  A.  Kiil.f,  X.hw [,  .Vlloii, 

with  blooms  that  did  his  ,sl;ill  iiiliuitr  r-redit. 
In  the  amateur  classes  of  the  Natibhar  Society 
Mr.  T.  B.  Hall,  Rock  Ferry,  and  the  Rev.  J.  H. 
Pemberton,  Havering,  E^sex,  were  the  1st  anct 
2nd  prizetakers.  The  1st,  2iid,  .liid  ,'lrd  jirize 
lots  in  the  thirtv-six  trii-^  i  .r,n;ii  hti.Mi,  wfw 
all  of  great  merit,  Mr.  E.  i:  Wl.Urt,  II,  Dar- 
lington, and  Mr.  T.  II:iU  I,,  in,-  tl...  ..ih.ri 
in  the  list.  The  1st  prize  l.t  "f  .i-lit.rn  'W-.x, 
or  Noisette  Roses,  shown  by  Mr,  I'lim'-.',  cil"  ilxfnnl,' 
was  allowed  to  be  one  of  the  Hurst  n-M  Ims  He.'u  seeVl 
for  luauy  a  day.  It  included  two  blooma  of  gre'iif 
bcautv,  Cornelia  Koch  and  Colntesae  :doiiNadiilJ«c.: . 


July  16,  1887.] 


THE    GAEDENEIiS'     CHBONICLE. 


85 


The  prize  yellow  Roses  were  ofMardchalNiel  variety, 
by  Mr.  B.  K.  Cant. 

Messrs.  Thomas  Smith  &  Son,  Stranraer,  toolc  1st 
prize  for  the  best  twelve  white  Roses,  with  a  beautiful 
dozen  of  Merveille  de  Lyon  ;  the  best  crimson  Roses 
were  adjudged  to  be  the  A.  K.  Williams  shown  by 
Messrs.  Cranston  &  Co.,  Hereford  ;  the  best  dark 
crimson  the  Horace  Vernets,  exhibited  by  Hugh 
Dickson,  of  Belfast. 

Other  Roses  worthy  of  mention  were  the  Countess 
of  Dufferin  and  the  Earl  of  Dutferin,  shown  by 
Messrs.  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Newtownards ;  the 
Baroness  Rothschild,  by  Messrs.  D.  &  W. 
Crouch,  Dundee  ;  and  for  a  seedling  called  Sir  Row- 
land Hill;  Messrs.  R.  Nash  &  Son,  Catterick, 
obtained  a  Gold  Medal.  Sir  Rowland  is  rather  a  pretty 
Rose,  of  a  deep  port  wine  colour.  W.  A.  Richard- 
son, exhibited  by  Mr.  John  House,  Peterborough, 
attracted  some  notice. 

The  new  Roses  shOA\Ti  were  not  of  much  account. 
Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons'  prize  lot  included  Her 
Majesty,  and  Mr.  B.  R.  Cant's  2nd  prize  lot  had 
Eclair  and  Felix  Breton.  A  variegated  foliage  sport 
of  a  Rose  bush  was  shown  by  George  Swailes, 
Beverley. 

Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham,  Herts — one  of 
the  best  known  Rose  growers  in  England — sent  for 
exhibition  a  magnificent  collection  of  Roses. 


Dickson  &  Sons),  James  Alexander  (James  Dick- 
son &  Co.),  and  Lyall,  Pinkie  House.  After 
dinner,  the  usual  loyal  and  patriotic  toasts  were  duly 
honoured. 

In  giving  "  The  National  Rose  Society  of  England," 
the  Chairman  said  they  owed  very  much  to  the 
National  Rose  Society  of  England,  which,  for  the 
first  time,  had  crossed  the  Border.  Their  friends 
from  the  South  had  shown  what  they  could  do,  and 
held  out  a  good  example  to  those  on  the  north  side 
of  the  Tweed— not  that  the  latter  could  not  do 
a  good  deal  before— because  the  Scottish  gardeners 
had  produced,  perhaps,  as  fine  Roses  as  could  any- 
where be  found  ;  but  they  had  the  same  opportunity 
of  showing  them  in  competition  as  on  the  present 
occasion.  He  was  rather  inclined  to  think  that  their 
English  friends  paid  rather  more  attention  to  the  cul- 
tivation of  Roses  than  was  done  in  Scotland.  He  had 
great  pleasure  in  wishing  prosperity  to  the  English 
Society,  and  welcoming  their  friends  from  across  the 
Border. 

Mr.  D'Ombrain,  in  acknowledging  the  toast,  re- 
gretted the  unavoidable  absence  of  Canon  Hole.  The 
Lord  Provost  had  been  kind  enough  to  say  that  they 
had  done  a  great  deal  towards  giving  the  folks  of 
Edinburgh  and  district  a  treat  in  the  display  of 
southern  Roses,  but  he  (Mr.  D'Ombrain)  might  be 
permitted  to  say  that  this  was  owing  very  much  to 


Pig.  21. — hatfield  ;    a  triad  of  koval  oaks,     (see  p.  7'J.) 
,  Oak  planted  by  the  Queen  ;    B,  Queen  Elizabeth's  Oak  ;   c.  Oak  planted  by  the  Prince  Consort. 


Edinburgh  people  will  be  glad  when  the  National 
Bose  Society  sees  its  way  to  come  back  to  "  Auld 
Reekie." 


Dinner  in 


Waterloo  Hotel. 


At  5  o'clock  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Caledonian 
Society  entertained  at  dinner  their  friends  of  the 
National  Rose  Society,  the  Judges,  and  several 
members  of  the  Edinburgh  Corporation,  in  the 
Waterloo  Hotel.  The  Lord  Provost,  Sir  Thomas 
Clark,  Bart.,  presided,  and  Councillor  Clapper- 
ton,  Convener  of  the  Parks  and  Gardens  Com- 
mittee of  the  Town  Council,  was  Vice-Chairman. 
The  company  numbered  about  eighty.  The  Chair- 
man had  on  his  right  the  Rev.  H.  H.  D'Ombrain, 
Secretary  of  the  National  Rose  Society  of  England  ; 
Mr.  E.  Mawley  and  Mrs.  Mawley,  "  Mr.  William 
Thomson,  Clovenfords  ;  Mr.  George  Paul,  and  Mr. 
John  Stewart,  Honorary  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Cale- 
donian Horticultural  Society.  To  the  left  of  the 
chair  were  seated  Mr.  W.  E."  Hall,  Mr.  E.  R.  Whit- 
well  and  Mrs.  Whitwell,  Mr.  John  Methven,  Mr. 
Hugh  Dickson,  and  Mr.  C.  E.  Cant;  Harkness, 
Bedale,  Yorkshire;  Mack,  Catterick  Bridge,  York- 
shire ;  Hugh  Dickson,  Belfast ;  Maclndoe,  Hutton 
Hall ;  McLeod,  Superintendent  of  Parks  and  Gar- 
dens ;  Brown,  Heaton  ;  R.  Croall,  Craigcrook  ;  James 
Morrison,  Archerfield  ;  McKinnon,  Melville  Castle  ; 
McKinnon,  Scone  Palace  ;  Alexander  Milne  (James 


the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society,  under 
whose  auspices  they  were  met.  He  thought  he  might 
say  that  the  National  Rose  Society  of  England  had 
done  more,  perhaps,  than  any  other  to  advance  the 
interests  of  the  Rose,  and  bind  Rose  growers  together. 
Why,  they  brought  over  even  "  poor  Paddy  "  from 
the  North  of  Ireland.  Might  he  not  express  the 
opinion  that  he  did  not  see  any  reason  why  Edin- 
burgh should  not  have  a  Rose  Society.  Mr.  Young, 
he  was  afraid,  might  think  that  this  would  be 
interfering  with  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society,  but  he  did  not  at  all  think  so.  Everywhere 
they  had  gone,  their  provincial  show  had  ended  in  a 
Rose  Society  being  started  ;  and  he  did  not  see  why 
the  same  thing  should  not  happen  in  the  Scottish 
capital.  Any  drawback  there  might  be  as  to  soil  and 
climate,  Scottish  intelligence  and  perseverance,  he 
believed,  would  overcome,  and  he  believed  they  would 
get  as  good  Roses  in  Scotland  generally  as  anywhere 
else.  He  hoped  that  one  practical  outcome  of  that 
day's  exhibition,  would  be  the  formation  of  a  Rose 
Society  to  be  affiliated  with  the  National  Rose 
Society  of  England — on  behalf  of  which  he  returned 
thanks  for  the  kind  and  courteous  reception  that  had 
been  accorded  it. 

Mr.  T.  B.  Hall,  Larchwood.  Rockferry,  gave  "  The 
Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society,"  observing 
that  he  understood  the  Society  was  one  of  the  most 
flourishing — if  not  the  most  flourishing — in  the  king- 
dom.    He  quite  endorsed  what  Mr.  D'Ombrain  had 


said  ;  there  was  no  reason  why  the  Rose  should  not 
be  grown  in  most  parts  of  Scotland. 

Mr.  William  Thomson,  Clovenfords,  as  one  of  the 
oldest  members  of  the  Society,  replied. 

Mr.  M.  Dunn,  Dalkeith  Park,  proposed  "  The 
Judges,"  and  Mr.  Hall  replied  for  the  judges  of  the 
National  Rose  Society  of  England,  and  Mr.  David 
Mitchell  for  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society.  Other  toasts  included  "  The  Lord  Pro- 
vost, Magistrates,  and  Town  Council,"  "  The 
Show  Committee  of  Management,"  "  The  Honorary 
Secretary  of  the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural 
Society  "  (Mr.  Stewart),  "  The  Treasurer "  (Mr. 
Eraser),  "  The  Assistant-Secretary  "  (Mr.  Y'oung), 
"  The  Chairman,"  and  "  The  Croupier." 


BRIGHTON    AND    SUSSEX. 

Jdlt  6  AND  7. — For  the  past  few  years  the 
executive  of  this  Association  have  not  deemed  it 
expedient  to  hold  a  summer  show;  this  year,  how- 
ever, thanks  to  the  labours  of  Mr.  E.  Carpenter, 
there  has  been  a  revival,  and  the  results  have  been 
highly  gratilying  to  all  concerned.  Of  plants  in 
bloom  there  were  some  splendid  examples  of  stove 
plants  in  the  collection  of  ten  flowering  specimens 
from  Mr.  Gibson,  gr.  to  T.  F.  Burnaby  Atkins,  Esq., 
Halstead  Place,  Sevenoaks.  Ixoras  and  Diplade- 
nias  were  the  strong  features  in  this  lot ;  of  the 
former  I.  Fraseri,  I.  Williamsi,  and  I.  Prince  of 
Orange  were  all  finely  grown  and  flowered,  with 
extra  large  trusses  of  bloom ;  of  the  latter,  D.  Brear- 
leyana,  D.  amabilis,  and  D.  boliviensis  were  equally 
good,  the  last  a  remarkable  specimen  in  the  rudest 
health  ;  Anthurium  Scherzerianum  and  Bougainvillea 
glabra  were  likewise  in  good  order.  Mr.  James,  of 
Lower  Norwood,  followed  with  a  good  set  of  plants, 
most  of  which  have  been  reported  on  at  previous 
shows.  Ericas  were  his  strongest  points.  Mr.  Gibson 
repeated  his  success  in  the  smaller  class  with  another 
well  grown  lot  of  plants,  being  followed  by  Mr.  OSer, 
gr.  to  J.  Warren,  Esq.,  Handcross  Park,  Crawley, 
the  latter  exhibitor  taking  1st  place  with  ten  fine- 
foliage  plants  of  noble  proportions — Buonapartea 
stricta  being  a  well  developed  plant,  and  one  that  is 
seldom  seen  staged  in  such  collections,  Crotons 
Warreni  and  Evansianus  were  also  very  attractive. 
Mr.  Jupp,  gr.  to  G.  Boulton,  Esq.,  Torfield,  East- 
bourne, followed  in  this  class  with  a  very  fresh  and 
clean  collection,  Alocasia  Thibautiana  and  Anthurium 
crystallinura  being  prominent. 

Orchids  were  well  shown,  Mr.  James  taking  1st 
for  eight,  having  among  others  good  examples  of 
Epidendrum  vitellinum,  Cattleya  Jlendelii,  and 
Cypripedium  Lawrenceanum.  In  the  next  lot,  from 
Mr.  Meachen,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Armstrong,  Withdene,  near 
Brighton,  was  a  very  good  plant,  freely  flowered,  of 
Atjrides  odoratum  majus.  Mr.  .lames  staged  in  the 
miscellaneous  class  a  beautifully  grown  lot  of 
pitcher-plants  that  were  a  most  attractive  feature. 
Messrs.  Rivers,  of  Sawbridgeworth,  also  showed  in 
the  same  class  some  splendid  examples  of  fruit  trees 
in  pots.  Cherries  (Early  Rivers,  very  fine).  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  Plums,  and  Pears,  were  all  in  fine  order 
— the  last  exhibitor  also  taking  2nd  for  a  collection 
of  fruit,  having  again  strong  points  in  the  same 
sections.  Mr.  Edmonds,  Bestwood  Gardens,  Notts., 
was  placed  1st  in  this  class  with  uniformly  good 
examples  of  Madresfield  Court,  Black  Hamburgh, 
and  Buckland's  Sweetwater  Grapes,  with  fine  Pines, 
Peaches,  and  Nectarines  made  him  a  formidable 
opponent.  With  Grapes,  in  the  classes,  the  same 
exhibitor,  Mr.  Duncan,  gr.  to  C.  T.  Lucas,  Esq., 
Warnham  Court,  and  Mr.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  C.  A. 
Hoare,  Esq.,  Kelsey  Manor,  Beckenham,  were 
awarded  the  premier  prizes,  each  staging,  in  excel- 
lent order.  Pines,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Cherries 
were  also  shown  in  first-rate  condition.  Roses  were 
prominent  among  cut  flowers,  Messrs.  W.  Balchin 
being  the  strongest  exhibitors,  followed  by  Rev.  R. 
C.  Halls,  of  Woodmancote  Rectory,  and  Mr.  G.  W. 
Piper  in  the  other  classes.  Collections  of  cut  speci- 
mens of  herbaceous  plants  were  shown  by  Mr.  T. 
Ware,  of  Tottenham,  in  his  usual  style. 


BEIGATE    ROSE    SHO'W. 

The  always  interesting  show  of  this  very  old  Rose 
Society  took  place  on  Thursday  July  7,  in  the  beau- 
tiful grounds  of  Mrs.  A.  J.  Waterlow,  Great  Doods, 
Reigate.  The  Society  is  to  be  congratulated  on  the 
attainment  of  its  majority,  this  being  the  twenty- 
first  annual  Rose  show — and  a  very  good  one  it  was. 
Two  tents  were  filled.  In  the  All-England  division 
the  Reigate  growers  maintained  the  high  position 


86 


THE    GABDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  16,  1887. 


held  by  them  at  the  National  and  other  shows ;  Mr. 
Haywood  being  1st  in  thirty-six  varieties,  with  fine 
flowers  of  Margaret  Haywood,  a  very  fine  flower,  of 
light  salmon-pink,  thick  petals,  and  of  great  size; 
Eclair,  Lord  F.  Cavendish,  Pride  of  Eeigate,  Le 
Havre,  and  other  well-known  varieties. 

For  twenty-four  distinct  varieties,  Miss  Baker  took 
the  leading  place,  with  extra  fine  flowers  of,  amongst 
others,  Lord  F.  Cavendish,  Mrs.  Laxton,  Merveille  de 
Lyon,  Eclair,  Mary  Bennett,  and  Madame  Rambaud, 
a  beautiful  addition  to  the  pinks. 

Mrs.  A.  J.  Waterlow  was  1st  with  the  twelve 
trebles  in  this  division,  with  very  fine  flowers  of 
Madame  Gabriel  Luizet,  Baroness  Rothschild.  The 
same  exhibitor  took  the  leading  prize  for  eighteen 
Teas  and  Noisettes  ;  the  new  Princess  of  Wales  was 
shown  well  in  this  class. 

In  the  members'  classes  a  very  strong  competition 
was  general,  and  in  nearly  every  class  eight  or  ten 
competitors.  For  the  several  classes  the  prizes  stood 
in  the  following  order : — Twelve  varieties,  Rev. 
Alan  Cheales,  with  very  clear  good  flowers.  Nine 
varieties,  Mr.  Mawley,  whose  specimens  were  very 
large  and  well  grown.  For  six,  the  same  exhibitor 
took  the  leading  place. 

The  National  Rose  Society's  Medal,  for  the  best 
bloom  in  the  show,  was  for  the  best  hybrid  perpetual, 
duplicated,  the  judges  finding  two  flowers  of  superior 
excellence — Mr.  Mawley's  wonderfully  fine  Jean 
Liabaud  and  the  fine  sport  from  Mr.  Haywood's 
garden  described  above,  Margaret  Havwood. 

The  finest  Tea  was  Hon.  Edith  Giffard  of  Miss 
Baker. 

Especially  to  be  noted  were  the  three  very  chaste 
entries  for  the  prizes  for  table  decorations  for  six 
persons.  The  1st  prize  was  awarded  to  Miss  B. 
Waterlow,  for  a  study  in  blue  and  white,  in  which  the 
leading  fiowers  used  were  Delphiniums,  white  Pinks, 
Campanulas,  and  Poppies,  with  foliage  of  Acer 
Negundo.  Miss  .Steel  was  a  close  2nd  ;  Miss  F.  E. 
Thomson,  3rd.  Miss  Thornton  took  the  lead  for  the 
one  device  of  Roses  and  foliage  ;  Miss  Steel  for  other 
flowers  and  foliage.  Poppies  and  grasses  ;  whilst 
Miss  Baker  and  Miss  A.  Hardy  took  the  prizes  for 
buttonhole  bouquets. 

Messrs.  Alex.  Dickson  &  Son,  of  Newtonards, 
Ireland,  sent  a  box  of  their  new  H.P.  Rose  Earl  of 
Dufl'erin.  They  arrived  after  their  long  journey 
from  Belfast  in  very  fair  condition,  and  the  variety 
was  considered  very  promising.  It  is  of  fine  shape, 
in  the  way  of  Maurice  Bernardin,  but  entirely  dis- 
tinct in  colour — rich  velvety  brownish-red,  or  crim- 
son— the  colour  more  resembling  that  of  Louis  Van 
Houtte.     It  looks  a  good  Rose. 

The  judges  and  exhibitors  were  the  guests  of  the 
President,  Mr.  T.  B.  Haywood,  and  an  inspection  of 
the  Roses  and  wonderful  Orchids  of  Woodhatch 
Lodge  formed  one  of  the  pleasantest  incidents  of  the 
Reigate  show  day.  George  Paul. 


BBAINTREE    AND    BOOKING    HOBTI- 
CULTTJRAL. 

In  the  pleasant  grounds  of  Booking  Place,  by  per- 
mission of  Sydney  Courtauld,  Esq.,  tiie  Treasurer  of 
the  Society,  the  annual  summer  show  was  held  on 
July  7.  Good  music  and  a  delightfully  fine  day 
favoured  the  exhibition,  and  added  to  the  enjoyment 
of  the  visitors.  The  exhibits  were  of  excellent 
quality,  and  occupied  fully  the  four  large  marquees 
provided,  there  being  in  all  480  entries — a  fact  which 
mast  be  our  excuse  for  mentioning  only  a  few  of  the 
principal  exhibits.  The  Silver  Cup,  value  3  guineas, 
given  by  Mrs.  J.  N.  Harrison  for  the  best  group  of 
six  stove  or  greenhouse  foliage  plants,  was  taken 
by  Mr.  J.  Burrell,  gr.  to  W.  W.  Duffield,  Esq., 
Chelmsford,  whose  exhibits  in  this  and  every 
other  class  in  which  he  competed  were  of  the 
highest  order;  Mr.  Dance,  gr.  to  Colonel  Lowe, 
Gosfield  Hall,  was  2nd  ;  and  Mr.  J.  W.  Rolfe, 
gr.  to  Captain  Harrison.  Saling  Grove,  3rd.  The 
Silver  Cup,  value  3  guineas,  given  by  Sydney  Cour- 
tauld, Esq.,  for  six  stove  or  greenhouse  plants  in 
flower  also  fell  to  Mr.  Burrell,  whose  medium-sized 
plants  he  need  not  be  ashamed  to  take  to  any  show 
in  the  kingdom.  The  special  prize  of  3  guineas, 
given  by  Miss  Cawston  for  eight  foliage  j)lant8  in 
9-inch  pots,  was  taken  by  Colonel  Lowe,  who  also 
took  1st  prize  for  a  well  arranged  group  of  foliage 
and  flowering  plants;  Miss  Cawston.  Folly  House, 
High  Garrett,  being  2nd  with  a  fine  lot,  whose  only 
defect  was  in  the  backing.  Tlie  prizes  for  six  e.xotic 
Ferns  called  forth  a  good  response.  Here  again  Mr. 
J.  Burrell  was  well  1st,  Colonel  Lowe  2nd,  and  Miss 
Cawston  3rd. 


For  six  hardy  Ferns  Mr.  J.  Burrell  was  Ist,  and 
Colonel  Lowe  2nd  ;  Mr.  Burrell  also  easily  securing 
1st  for  both  flowering  and  foliage  single  speci- 
mens. Other  extra  fine  exhibits  were  the  Achimenes, 
Caladiums,  Gloxinias,  Begonias,  and  Fuchsias  of 
Colonel  Lowe,  Miss  Cawston,  and  Mr.  Clements,  gr. 
to  J.  R.  Vaisey,  Esq.  Wild  flowers,  cottagers' 
exhibits  of  flowers,  vegetables,  and  fruit,  honey, 
and  miscellaneous  exhibits,  were  well  represented ; 
and  the  dinner-table  decorations,  bouquets,  and 
buttton-hole  bouquets  were  excellent,  the  ladies — 
especially  in  the  district — going  heartily  into  the 
matter.  The  best  table  decorations  were — Sydney 
Courtauld,  Esq.,  1st ;  Mrs.  J.  Taylor,  Booking.  2nd  ; 
Mrs.  J.  Carter,  Braintree,  3rd.  Mrs.  Sidney  Cour- 
tauld was  also  1st  in  a  well-contested  class  for  three 
button-hole  bouquets. 

The  cut  Roses  of  Mr.  Brown,  of  Braintree,  and 
the  fruits  and  vegetables  exhibited  by  Mr.  Rolfe, 
Mr.  Seder,  Mr.  Brazier,  Mr.  Clements,  and  Mr. 
Rawlinson,  were  of  very  fine  quality. 

Of  equal  attraction  for  the  visitors  were  the  plant- 
houses  and  fine  collection  of  Orchids  which  were 
kindly  thrown  open  by  Sydney  Courtauld,  Esq.,  for 
inspection  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Gunn,  the  gar- 
dener, and  Mr.  Alfred  Wright  the  Orchid-grower. 
Much  curiosity  was  excited  by  the  famous  collection 
of  Pitcher  plants,  which  includes  the  rarest  and 
handsomest  kinds.  The  blood-red  pitchered  N. 
sanguinea  has  seven  very  large  pitchers  ;  N. 
Mastersiana  is  equally  good ;  N.  Northiana,  per- 
haps the  finest  that  has  ever  yet  been  seen  ;  and  all 
the  others  in  grand  order.  Much  notice  also  was 
taken  of  the  rich  collection  of  Masdevallias,  the 
pigmies  evidently  attracting  more  attention  than  the 
large-flowered  varieties  ;  M.  Simula,  M.  gemmata, 
M.  tridactylitis,  M  aucherifera,  M.  xanthocorys,  M. 
calura,  M.  rosea,  M.  pulvinaria,  and  many  others 
were  in  bloom,  as  well  as  a  very  large  number  of 
Cattleyas.  with  a  most  magnificent  variety  of  C. 
Sanderiana  among  them  ;  Miltonia  vexillaria  and 
Roezlii,  Promeniea  citrina  with  eighteen  golden 
flowers  each  3  inches  across,  gi'own  in  a  cold-house  ; 
Sophronitis  violacea,  ten  flowers  ;  Anguloa  Ruckerii ; 
many  Epidendrum  vitellinum  majus.  Nanodes 
Medusai,  a  grand  Oncidium  macranthum,  and 
many  Cypripediums,  Epidendrums,  Phalienopsis, 
Saccolabiums,  Dendrobiums,  &c..  gave  attractions 
which  an  Orchid  grower  would  delight  to  linger  over. 
A  Correspondent. 


BATH    BOSE    SHOW. 

.luLY  7 — 8. — The  annual  Rose  exhibition  of  the 
Bath  Floral  FiJte  and  Band  Committee  was  held  in 
the  Sydney  Gardens  on  the  above  dates,  when 
glorious  weather  prevailed ;  but  owing  to  shows 
being  held  in  various  other  places  at  the  same  time 
the  competition  was  not  so  keen  as  usual  in  the  big 
classes.  In  consequence  of  the  recent  tropical 
weather  the  blooms  generally  were  deficient  in  size, 
substance,  and  freshness,  excepting,  however,  the 
stands  put  up  by  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Son,  Bedale, 
Yorkshire,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Hall,  of  Birkenhead. 

Nurserymen. — The  Silver  Cup  or  eight  guineas 
oifered  for  seventy-two  varieties,  single  trusses,  only 
brought  out  three  exhibitors,  all  of  whom  showed 
well ;  Messrs  Harkness  &  Son,  Bedale,  Yorkshire, 
being  a  good  1st ;  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt, 
2nd  ;  and  Messrs.  George  Cooling  &  Sons,  Bath,  3rd. 
The  best  blooms  in  the  Yorkshire  growers'  stands 
were  Auguste  Rigotard,  Catherine  Mermet,  Jean 
Ducher,  Prince  Arthur,  Hoi'ace  Vemet,  Merveille  de 
Lyon,  and  Madame  de  Watteville,  Rej-nolds  Hole, 
La  France,  and  Jean  Ducher,  were  the  best  blooms 
in  Messrs.  Paul's  stands.  The  latter  firm  was  1st  for 
thirty-six  trebles,  distinct,  showing,  among  others, 
good  blooms  of  Niphetos,  Ulrich  Brunner,  and 
Edouard  Andry ;  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons  being 
a  good  2nd ;  only  two  lots  were  staged. 
Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  Torquay,  were 
awarded  1st  for  eighteen  trebles,  distinct  varieties, 
the  best  blooms  were  Marie  Baumann  and  E.  Y.  Teas. 
Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  .Salisbury,  were 
placed  2nd  with,  we  think,  better  all  round  blooms 
than  those  staged  in  the  1st  prize  stand.  Messrs. 
JeflTeries  &  Son,  Cirencester,  being  3rd.  Three  lots 
were  staged.  Messrs.  JeflTeries  also  carried  off  1st 
houours  in  the  next  class  for  thirty-six  trusses,  dis- 
tinct ;  their  best  blooms  being  Marquise  de  Castellane, 
Mar^chal  Niel.  Fisher  Holmes,  Louis  Van  Houtte, 
and  Dr.  Andry.  Messns.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co., 
and  Mr.  George  Prince,  Oxford,  being  respectively 
2nd  and  3rd.  Out  of  five  st.inds  of  Tea  or  Noisette 
Roses,  Mr.  George  Prince  was  1st,  a  good  bloom  of 


Marfchal  Niel  in  his  stand  securing  the  Silver  Medal 
given  by  the  National  Rose  Society  for  the  best 
Tea  or  Noisette  Rose  in  the  show. 

Amateurs. — There  were  three  competitors  in  the 
class  for  thirty-six  single  trusses,  distinct  varieties, 
Mr.  Thos.  B.  Hall.  Larchwood.  Birkenhead,  being  1st, 
showing  a  good  even  fresh  lot  of  blooms,  including 
Julius  Finger,  La  France,  A.  K.  Williams,  Hon. 
Edith  Giffard,  and  E.  Y.  Teas  ;  Mr.  George  Campbell, 
gr.  to  Dr.  S.  P.  Budd,  Bath,  was  2nd  ;  and  W.  T.  Grant, 
Esq.,  Hereford.  3rd.  A  bloom  of  Countess  of  Oxford 
in  this  stand  secured  the  Silver  Medal  of  the  National 
Rose  Society  for  the  best  Rose  in  the  show.  In  the 
following  class  for  eighteen  trebles,  distinct,  Mr. 
Hall  was  again  to  the  front ;  2nd,  Mr.  W.  T.  Grant. 
In  the  class  for  twelve  Teas  or  Noisettes  Mr.  Grant 
was  1st,  for  a  neat  fresh  lot  of  blooms,  including 
Niphetos,  Caroline  Kuster,  and  Jean  Ducher.  Alfred 
Evans,  Esq.,  Marston,  had  the  best  twenty-four  single 
trusses  out  of  five  stands  put  up.  Mr.  Narroway, 
O.xford,  was  1st  for  twelve  trebles,  and  again  for  six 
Teas  or  Noisettes,  his  best  blooms  being  Belle  Lyon- 
naise,  Catherine  Mermet,  and  Abb6  Rustand. 

Open  Classes. — With  twelve  trusses  of  any  Rose, 
Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  were  a  capital 
1st,  showing  fine  evenly-matched,  fresh  blooms 
of  Reynolds  Hole  ;  2nd,  Messrs.  Curtis  &  Sand- 
ford, with  Men-eille  de  Lyon ;  3rd,  Mr.  Hobbs, 
with  Baroness  Rothschild  :  eight  stands  were  put 
up  in  this  class.  In  the  corresponding  class 
for  twelve  yellow  Roses  there  was  only  one 
lot  staged,  and  for  these  (Mar^chal  Niel)  Mr. 
J.  Smith  was  awarded  a  1st  prize.  Messrs. 
Curtis  &  Sandford  were  1st  in  the  class  for  twelve 
blooms  of  any  crimson  Rose  with  Marie  Rady, 
being  closely"  followed  by  Messrs.  Keynes, 
Williams  &  Co.,  with  A.  K.  Williams  and  Dr. 
Budd,  with  Ulrich  Brunner.  Messrs.  Sandford 
led  again  with  twelve  blooms  of  La  France,  Dr. 
Budd  being  2nd  with  the  same  variety.  Three 
stands  of  six  trusses  each  were  put  up  in  the  class 
for  any  Rose  introduced  in  1885-6 :  1st,  Messrs.  Paul 
&  Son,  with  Her  Ma,)esty  ;  2nd,  Messrs.  Cooling,  with 
the  same  variety ;  Mr.  George  Prince  being  3rd,  with 
The  Bride.  Messrs.  Cooling  &  Sons  were  the  only 
exhibitors  of  twelve  button-hole  Tea  Roses,  distinct, 
three  trusses  of  each,  and  they  were  deservedly 
awarded  1st  prize.  This  firm  was  also  a  good  1st 
for  a  very  tastefully  arranged  basket  of  Roses. 

Local  Prices  (Amateurs). — A  1st  prize  of  a  Gold 
Medal  and  30s.,  for  twenty-four  blooms,  distinct 
varieties,  was  secured  by  Dr.  S.  P.  Budd,  showing 
very  well. 

Miscellaneous.  —  Bouquets  of  Roses  were  quite  a 
feature  of  the  show,  Mr.  Mattock  and  Messrs.  Cool- 
ing &  Sons  being  1st  and  2nd  in  that  order  for 
twelve,  and  in  the  class  for  six,  confined  to  amateurs, 
Mr.  W.  Narroway,  Mr.  S.  Brown,  Bath,  and  Mr. 
Chapman,  took  the  prizes  in  the  order  in  which 
their  names  appear. 

Fifty-five  dishes  of  Strawberries  were  shown  in 
fine  condition,  being  large  and  highly  coloured,  Sir 
J.  Paxton  being  the  favourite  variety.  Mr.  T.  Evry 
and  Mr.  W.  Evry  were  the  chief  prize  winners. 


The  Weather. 


THE  PAST  WEEK. 
The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week   ending  July    11,    is   furnished  from    the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  weather  has  been  in  a  somewhat  unsettled 
condition  in  Ireland  and  Scotland,  with  cloudy  or 
overcast  skies  and  some  considerable  falls  of  rain  ; 
over  England,  however,  the  weather  has  again  been 
fair  generally,  the  only  rainfall  experienced  being 
some  local  showers.  Thunder  and  lightning  have 
occurred  at  times  in  different  parts  of  the  kingdom. 

"  The  temperature  has  been  slightly  below  the 
mean  in  '  Scotland,  N..'  but  in  all  other  districts  it 
has  continued  above,  the  excess  ranging  between  2° 
and  4°.  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which  were 
recorded  in  most  places  on  the  8th.  ranged  from  78° 
in  '  Scotland,  N,'  to  86°  in  the  '  Midland  Counties,' 
and  to  87°  in  '  England,  E.'  The  lowest  of  the 
minima,  which  were  generally  registered  either  on 
the  .5th  or  6th,  were  decidedly  low  for  the  season 
over  Great  Britain,  ranging  from  .34°  to  38°  in  Scot- 
land, and  from  35°  to  42°  over  England  ;  in  Ireland 
the  lowest  reading  was  46°,  and  in  the  '  Channel 
Islands,'  50°.    During  the   latter  part  of  the  period 


jf!eLt  ,M,  imiii 


THE'  y(M'MhENMmS'/vWm^O'NIC^I.E. 


m 


the  minima  were  high,  at  manv  stations  not  felling 
bel*wd3°.  and  in  some  instances  no  lower  than  G2°. 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  rather  more  than  the  mean 
in  Scotland,  and  about  equal  to  it  in  Ireland  ;  but 
over  the  greater  part  of  England  the  fell  has  been 
very  slight. 

"Bright  sunshuie  shows  a  decrease  in  nearly  all 
districts,  but  over  England  and  the  Channel  a  con- 
siderable amount  has  again  been  recorded.  The 
percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration  ranged 
from  23  to  28  in  Ireland,  from  29  to  38  in  Scotland. 
and  from  38  to  52  in  England  and  the  '  Channel 
Islands.' " 


OF  FOBTY-THREE  YEAES.) 

July  17  ... 

...    63''.4 

July  21 

.    63°.4 

„    18  ... 

...    ei'A 

„  22 

..    63''.4 

„    19  ... 

...    630.4 

„    23 

..    630.4 

„    20  ... 

...    63°.4 

Mean  for  the  week     . 

.    63°.4 

[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degreea — a  "  Day-degree "  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperatube. 

Above  or 
below  the 

Mean  for 

the    week 

ending 

JiUy  11. 

Accumulated. 

DlSTRlOTS. 

SI 

o  a 

PriQcipal    Wheal>pro- 
duciug  Districts. 

Day- 
deg. 

Day- 

deg. 

Day-  1  Day- 
deg.  [  deg. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

1  below 

83 

0 

+  IM  +    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

2  above 

IIB 

0 

-1-  204 

+     41 

2.  Enqlasd.  N.E.... 

2  above 

134 

0 

+    76 

+     82 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

3  above 

loS 

0 

-    22 

+  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

3  above 

152 

0 

+    29 

-1-  166 

5.  England,  S. 

2  above 

152 

0 

-    29 

+  161 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  SOOTLAKD,  W.    ... 

2  above 

120 

0 

+  121'-)-     47 

7.  EHaLAKI>,N.W.... 

2  above 

I3o 

0 

+     64  +  118 

8.  Eholakd.S.W.  ... 

2  above 

144 

0 

+    69,+  172 

9.  Ireland.  N. 

4  above 

130 

0 

+  224  +    23 

10.  Ibeland,  S. 

3  above 

146 

0 

+  211  +    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

3  above 

1.54 

0 

—    22 

+    77 

Eainfall. 

Bright 
Sunshine. 

DiSTBIOTS. 

Ijl 

1,- 

iS"" 

■sbs 

hi 

fas 

jl- 

a 

r 

i^'iz 

|5S 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 

Tenths of 

ducing  Districts. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

6  more 

110 

19.5 

29 

24 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

1  more 

81 

9.9 

29 

34 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

4  less 

74 

7.0 

39 

33 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

4  less 

70 

7.6 

51 

40 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

6  less 

68 

8.3 

45 

36 

5.  England,  S. 

4  less 

67 

8.2 

62 

39 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 

Distri-ct8. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

3  more 

86 

17.0 

38 

36 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

2  less 

69 

10.4 

38 
42 

38 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

3  less 

70 

9.4 

16 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

1  more 

81 

12.6 

23 

36 

1  less 

70 

11.7 
8.6 

28         43 

—  Channel  Islands 

3  less 

80 

62         60 

Enquiries. 


'*  He  that  guestioneth  much  shall  Isam  mttch." — Bacon. 

Evergreen  Asparagus. — Duhamel  du  Monceau, 
in  his  TraiU  dcs  Arhres,  1755,  describes  a  hardy  ever- 
green Asparagus  thus  : — "  Asparagus  foliis  acutis 
C.B.P.  (i.e.,  Caspar  Baiihin).  Asperge  toujours  verte, 
a  feuilles  piquantes.  Nous  ue  comprenons  dans 
cette  liste  qu'une  espece  dAsperge ;  c'est  la  seule 
qui  conserve  des  tiges  rh}Ter  et  qui  forme  un 
petit  arbuste.  Cette  sorte  d'Asperge  ne  craint 
point  le  froid."  I  should  like  to  know  what  Aspara- 
gus this  can  be.  There  is  a  plate  of  it,  but  that 
does  not  much  help.  Henry  K.  EUacombe. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Caknation  Souvenir  de  la  Malmaison  ;  E.  B.  M. 
The  cultivation  of  this  plant  does  not  differ 
greatly  from  that  pursued  with  any  other  hardy 
plant  grown  under  glass  during  the  cold  months. 
High  temperature,  either  by  day  or  night,  must  be 
carefully  avoided,  and  ample  ventilation  given  in 
fine  weather,  keeping  the  plants  in  cold  pits  or 
low  houses,  so  that  they  are  near  the  light  and  do 
not  get  "  drawn."  Use  rather  rich  stiff  loam,  with 
enough  sand  added,  to  prevent  souring;  pot  firmly 
whenever  shifting  into  larger  pots  is  necessary, 
and  during  the  resting  season  be  careful  with  the 
water-pot. 

Becaying  Elms  ;  Mrs.  W.  We  cannot  tell  what  has 
killed  the  trees.  The  bark  you  send  is  the  home 
of  numerous  scavenger  insects,  but  they  did  not 
occasion  the  death  of  the  tree.  Without  knowing 
more  of  the  local  circumstance  we  cannot  give 
a  more  satisfactory  reply. 

Geometrical  Designs  for  Beds  ;  Hope.  Messrs.  H. 
Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent,  Messrs  Carter  & 
Co.,  and  others,  publish  a  list  of  such,  indicating 
the  particular  kinds  of  plants  to  fill  them  with. 

Lime  Leaves  :  (?.  Bodd.  The  "  nail-galls  "  on  your 
Lime  leaves  are  the  work  of  a  mite.  (See  p.  83.) 

Insects  :  M.  S.  The  very  minute  larrse  (not  a  line 
long),  just  hatched  from  the  patch  of  eggs  on  your 
Vine  leaf,  belong  to  the  species  of  Geometridffi,  or 
loopers.  Until  more  fully  grown  we  cannot  deter- 
mine the  species.  /.  0.  JV. 
Names  of  Plants  :  B.  Morris.  1,  Cattleya  Mossite, 
but  with  lip  something  like  that  of  C.  labiata 
Wameri :  we  know  of  no  name  to  distinguish  it ; 
2,  Cypripedium  Parishii ;  3,  Epidendrum  virens ; 
4,  Dendrobium  chrysanthum  ;  5,  Eria  pubescens. 
—  W.  P.  Veronica  Teucrium  var.  prostrata. — 
Belac.  14  and  15.  varieties  of  Campanula  persici- 
folia:  22,  Lilium  testaceum ;  18,  Centranthus 
ruber;  21.  Santolina  incana;  2.5,  Calochortus  pur- 
pureus. —  Yming  Gardener.  1,  Staphylea  pinnata, 
the  Bladder-nut ;  2,  Rhopala  sp. ;  3,  Trachelo- 
spermum  jasrainoides  ;  4,  Diplacus  glutinosus ;  5, 
Crassula  coccinea  var. ;  6,  Rhus  typhinum. —  C.  ^ 
Son,  Aberdeen.  1,  not  recognised  ;  2,  Gillenia  tri- 
foliata. — H.  J.  B.  Lilium  pardalinum  californi- 
cum. — H.  P.  B.  The  young  leaves  of  one  of  the 
greenhouse  Araucarias,  not  recognisable  in  this 
stage — O.  J.  S.  Polygonum  cuspidatum. — J. 
Morton.  Ton  send  only  one  flower,  and  that  was 
dried  up  before  we  got  it ;  it  is  an  Asclepiad  of 
some  sort. — JV.  A.  K.  Gongora,  or  Acropera 
Loddigesii. 
Panst  Roots  Diseased  :  B.  J.  A  prolonged  ex- 
amination of  the  root  fibres  under  the  microscope 
offers  no  satisfactory  explanation  of  the  condition 
of  the  rootlets.  They  are  all  badly  excoriated,  as 
if  from  the  attack  of  small  or  microscopic  animals. 
Microscopic  eel-worms  are  present,  but  the  evi- 
dence is  insufficient  to  convict  them  of  the  mis- 
chief. None  of  the  fungi  peculiar  to  Violets  are 
present.  W.  G.  S. 
Bed  Seed:  Thomas  B.  Thompson.  The  bright  red 
seed  sent  cannot  be  accurately  determined.  It  is 
evidently  a  species  of  Dioclea,  or  Mucuna,  or  some 
very  closely  allied  genus. 
Roses  :  Y.  S.  We  cannot  undertake  to  name  varie- 
ties of  these  flowers.  Send  your  specimens  to 
some  large  grower  of  them. 
Single-floweued  Delphiniums;  Bobbie  if-  Co.  The 
sorts  sent  consisted  of  flowers  of  beautiful  hues, 


but  we  observe,  others,  as_  go(?d,  and,  in  some  cases, 
better,  especially  as  regards  size  of  spike  and 
arrangement  of  colours,  in  the  flowers  raised  by 
one  or  two  Southern  growers. 
White  Lapaqebia  :  W.  McI.  A  beautiful  spray  of 
this  lovely  creeper. 


CoMaiUNlCATIONS  RECEIVED.— T.  H.  M.— F.  Sander.— R.  L.— 
H.  W.  W.— J.  D.— Orchis.— R.  D.— G.  S.  Jenman.— W. 
Fell  &  Co.— Messrs,  Webb  &  Sons,— Messrs,  Little  &  Ballan- 
tine.— W.  H,  B.— W,  P.— W,  P.  H.— W,  A.  G„  contents  of 
box  lost.- W.  B.  H.— D.  T.  F.— F.  M.  <Glasneven).— H.  C— 
J,  D.— C.  &  S,— E.  C— W,  Lovel  &  Son  (Somerset).— H.  E. 
—A.  F.  B.  (Lancaster).— W.  P.  A.  (Sweden).— Canon  E, 
(do  not  know).— L,  L,  (Brussels).— C.  W.  D.  (Malpas).— E.  J. 
— W.  L,  H,— E,  W,— J,  R,  J.— C.  T.  D.— F.  A.  L,— J.  W.— 
J.  J,  W.— W.  H.  L.— H.  M.  W.— J.  H,  and  J,  B,— E.  B.— 
J.  Z.— W.  E.  6.-J.  A.  H,— Judge  W.— G.  N.— Dr.  C— H.  K. 
J.  C.  &  Co.— W.  S.— J.  F,— X,  F. 


IARKET8. 


COJ'^NT  GARDEN,  July  14. 

Heavy  supplies  of  outdoor  fruit  now  to  hand, 
especially  Cherries  shelving  good  crops.  Straw- 
berries falling  off.  except  on  ground  artificially 
watered.  Trade  for  best  goods  falling  off.  James 
Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market, 

FHiriT.— AVEHAQK  WHOLESALE  PRIOEa. 


Cherries,  J-aieve  ...4  0-6  0 
Grapea,  per  lb.  ...  1  0-  2  6 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  0  9-16 
Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  eaoh  ...16-3  0 


Peaches,  dozen  ...  4  0-12  0 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  10-16 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  0  3-10 


Vegetables— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Caul  i  flow 


Artichokes, perdoz...  4  0-  ... 
Asparagus,  English, 

per  100       5  0-  ... 

Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  9-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch..,  0  9-  ... 
"     ■■"  ,  spring, 

0  9-  ... 

.16-20 

.06-10 

.30-... 

,  0  4-  ... 

.  0  4-  ... 

,03-... 

,16-20 


Lettuce,  Cos.,  each...  0  2-  ... 

Mushrooms,    punnet  16-20 

Mustard    and  Cress, 
punnet      0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel...  4  ft-  ... 

Parsley,  per  bunch,,.  0  6-  ... 

Peas,  per  quart       ...  I  0-  ,,, 
each  ...'       r..  0  9-  ...       Potatos,  per  cwt.    ...  4  0-  5  0 

Celery,  per  bundle  ...  16-20  ,,  kidney,  percwt.  4  0-  &  0 
Cucumbers,  each  ...  0  6-10  Rhubarb,  per  bundle  0  6-  ... 
Endive,  per  dozen  ,,,  3  0-  ...  Shallots,  per  lb.  ...  0  3~  ,.. 
GreenMint,  bunch...  0  4-  ...  Spinach, perbusbel...  3  0-  ... 
Herbs,  per  bunch    ...  0  4-  ...       Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 

Leeks,  per  bunch  ...  0  3-  ...  Tomatos,  per  lb.  ...  1  6-  ... 
Lettuce,  per  dozen...  16-20  Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  4-  ... 
POTiTOS.— Old  samples  much  lower;  new  very  plentiful  from 
Jersey  and  Cherbourg,  prices  ranging  from  8s.  to  12s.  per  cwt. 

Plants  is  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

d.  s.d.  s.d.  s.d. 

0-18  0  Heliotrope,  dozen  ...  4  0-  0  8 
0-9  0  Hydrangeas,  doz.  ...  9  0-12  0 
0-12  0     Lilium  longiflorum, 

I      per  dozen 18  0-30  0 

0-60  0  I    —  lancifolium,  doz. 12  0-18  0 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ,,.  4 
Cypenis,  per  dozen  .  4 
Dracsena  terminalis, 

per  dozen 30 

■  -idis,  per  doz.  9 


Eric 


Euonymua, 

per  dozen 
Evergreens, 

per  dozen 

Ficus  elastica,  each 
Foliage  plants,  vari 

Fuchsias,  doz. 


riety,  per 


0-24  0     Lobelias,  dozen 
I  Marguerite       Di 

0-30  0  I      per  dozen  ... 

I  Mignonette,  doz. 

0-18  0  :  Musk,  per  dozen 
,  Myrtles,  per  do: 

Pelargon: 


,30-60 

6  0-12  0 
4  0-60 
2  0-40 
len...  6  0-12  0 
each  2  6-21  0 
,  dozen  6  O-lo  tt 
scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 
—  Ivy-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
Rhodanthe,  dozen  ,.,6  0-9  0 
Scented  Verbena, doz.  4  0-60 
Spirtea,  per  dozen  ...  9  0-12  0 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons,  12  bun  ...  2 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  3 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  0 
Carnations.  12  blms.  0 

—  dozen  bunches...  3 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  1 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  3 
Gardenias.  12  blooms  1 
Heliotropes,  12  spr.  0 
Iris,  various,  12  bun,  6 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  0 
Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms 3 

—  lancifolium.  12bl.  1 

—  candidum,12bun.l2 
Marguerites,  per  12 


0-6  0 
0-2  0 
0-6  0 
0-3  0 
6-  1  0 
0-12  0 
6-0  9 


0-6  0 
6-2  0 
0-15  0 


Mignonette.  12  bun.  2  0- 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...  2  0- 
Pansies,  12  bunches  2  0- 
Pelargoniums,12spr.  0  ( 


bunches 


...  3 


Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  0- 
Roses,  Tea.  per  doz.  0  6- 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6- 

—  red.perdozen  ...  0  6- 

—  Saffrano.dozen,,,  1  0- 
Spirtea,  12  bunches..  6  0- 
Stephanotls,  12  spr.  2  0- 
Tropffiolums,  12  bun.  1  0- 

0-  6  0  I  Tuberoses.  12blm3....  1  0- 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  July  12. —Old  Pota- 
tos in  narrow  compass,  and  prime  qualities  dear. 
New  Potatos  in  larger  supply,  and  prices  lower. 
Quotations: — Old  Magnum Bonums,  70^.  to  105s.  per 
ton ;  Jersey  new  kidneys,  10s.  to  12s. ;  Malta 
rounds,  Ss.  to  9s.;  Lisbon,  rounds,  75.  to  9.^.;  Cher- 
bourg rounds,  Bs.  to  9s.  per  cwt. 

Stratford  :  July  12. — Quotations  : — Old  :  English 
Magnums,  80.s.  to  100s.  per  ton.  New :  Jersey,  Ss.  6e/, 
to  10s. ;  Cherbourg,  7s.  6fi.  to  8s.  %d.  ptn-  cwt.  - 


88 


THE    GARDENEBS'     CERONICLE. 


[JniT  18,  1887. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nurwry  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucka  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10*.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2.t.  6rf.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  \bs.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  6s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  Is.  6d.  per 
bag.    SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13.!.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnboro'  Station,  Hants. 

GTaRDEN  and  FARM  REQUISITES.— 
i  Archangel,  Petersburg,  Garden  and  Packing  MATS  of 
every  description.  RAFFIA.  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  CLOTH  ; 
GREENHOUSE  SHADINGS  of  all  kinds;  PEAT,  LOAM, 
SILVER-SAND,  and  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE;  GARDEN 
NETTING  and  TOOLS ;  RICK-CLOTHS  and  TARPAULINS 
for  sale  or  hire;  MARQUEE,  TENT,  and  FLAG  Makers; 
JUBILEE  TENT,  25s.  each,  complete. 

SLY,  DIBBLE  and  CO.,  129,   Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Illustrated  Catalogues  post-free. 

TREPHOforORCHIDS. 

For  Potting.  Rafts,  Blocks,  &c.     To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.   F.K.B.S., 

75a,    QUEEN     VICTORIA    STREET.    E.C. ;    and 
SWAN  PLACE,    OLD  KENT  ROAD,  S.E. 


CATALOGUE  of  all  Hobticustural  Requisites  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  descripti 


WEED  DESTROYER. 


A  NEW  DISCOVERY.— The  Cheapest,  Best,  and  Most 
Effectual  Prcpiinition  for  Killing  Weeds,  Dandeliong,  Moss,  &c., 
on  Carriage  Drives,  Garden  WalKS,  or  wherever  they  may  exist. 

No  disturbance  of  gravel.     Saves  labour,  time,  and  money. 
Supersedes  all  other  preparations. 

Messrs.  Richard  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester,  the  extensive 
and  well-known  nurserymen,  write  us  : — "  We  are  pleaded  to 
say  that  your  Weed  Killer  is  very  effective,  cleanly  to  use,  and 
the  best  we  ever  tried." 

CUPROLESF  is  used  with  the  greatest  success  in  all  parts  of 
the  United  Kingdom.     Testimonials  on  application. 

Prices,  Carriage  Paid  to  any  Station. 

4  galls.,  sutticient  for  100  galls,  of  water    ...  £0    6    0 
8         „  „  200     „  „  ...     0  12     0 

16         „  „  400     „  „  ...     1     2     0 

40         ..  „  1000 2     7     6 

5  per  Cent.  Disct.  for  Cash ;  carriage  paid  on  returns  of  16  galls. 


DEIGHTON  &  CO.,  Agricultural  Chemists.  Bridgnorth. 

JENSEN'S 


Every  grain  fertilizes  b 
pare.  It  is  most  econ< 
100  parts  of  soil  hi  ' 


111.  one  piirt  of  M 
mple  for  yarilea 


perfectly 


Write  for  Pamphlet,  Testimonials  and  Instructions. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker'H  ttnalysis  guaranteed.     FIPH-POTASH 
contains  Ammonia,  Phosphates  and    Potash  in  large 
proportions,    which    are   the    principal    elements   of 
fertiUzatinti. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins.  Is. ;   in  Bags.  7 lbs.,  2s.  ;    14 lbs., 

4s. ;  28  lbs.,  6s.  6d. ;  56  lbs.,  1 0s.  6d.  :  I  cwt., 

16s.;    2  cwt.,  30s.,   carriage  paid.     Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 
10    St.  K"!""'"  Plopo.   T,oTi(^nn.  E.C. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

id.  pvT  busliel ;  Ino  for  2-^.';. ;  truck  (loo.w,  about  2  tons), 
40s. ;  4-bu3hel  baK3,  id.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  6d.  per  Back;  5 sacks, 
2.'is.  ;  sacks,  id.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT.  bs.  per  sack,  .'i  sacks,  22s. ;  sacks, 
id.  each. 

COAESE  SILVER  SAND.  Is.  9d.  per  bushel;  1.5s.  per  half 
ton  ;  26s.  per  ton.  in  2-bu«hel  bags.  4d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAil,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  .MOSS.  8s.  »d.  per  sack. 

MANURES.  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIROm  CORK.  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  O.  8HYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


PEAT   —  PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Mascal  Estate,  North  Cray,  Kent. 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Succes,sor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  Ibi.  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.C,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    Dep6t:  SwanPlac, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams — "  Floriculture.  London."    Established  1854. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (AU  sacks  included.) 
PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ...   ."Ss.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  W. 
PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ...  4s.  erf.    ,,        5  sacks  for  20s. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  6rf.    ,,        5  sacks  for  25s. 
LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     ~J 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best      (is.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 
LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  (        (sacks  included), 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  6d.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.perlb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    »d:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialit*)      M.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ...    6s.  per  bushel. 
CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-'I  In  bags. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  . "^ . 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  (Tins.  71b.  141b.  281b.  661b.  1  cut. 

Fruits.  Vegetables.  &c.     ...)    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 
CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality         1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 
VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    3/-    6/6    10/6    17/- 
HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  M.  per  bushel. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  Is.  each  ;  10  sacks.  9s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. ; 

30  sacks,  26s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.    Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 

in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWAIL,  LONDON.  E. 


MYOCQM  FLY  GUM. 

Catches  FLIES,  MOSQUITOS,  WASPS,  &c. 

Sample  Box,  Post-free  for  Is. 

T.  CHRISTY  &  CO.,  2.5,  Lime  St.,  London,  E.C, 


EPPS'S    SELECTED    PEAT 

Is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  tor  all  kinds  of  CHOICE 
PLANTS,  KERNS,  HEATHS,  &c.  ;  and  their 

Specially  Selected  do.  for  Orchids, 

bv  innumerable  unsolicitedTestimonials.  Rhododendron  PEAT, 
LEAF-MOULD,  LOAM,  SAND,  SPHAGNUM,  COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE,  CHARCOAL,  &c..  and  all  kinds  of  Garden  Requisites, 
and  NURSERY  STOCK.     For  Price  List  and  Testimonials. 

EPPS  &  CO.,    BINGWOOD,    HANTS. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  drejising  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes.  Is.,  3s..  and  10s.  Gd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6d.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Whole.sale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


WARNER'S     GARDEN      ENGINES 
AND  WATER  B  A_KROWS 

Are  of  the 

best  mate- 

rials, 

ugth. 


to  Tohn  Waner  &  Sons  at  Eih  b  t  o  si  Id  at  Calcutta'. 
N  ce  London  \  enna  Amhe  m  May  nee  Brabant  Br  issels, 
&c  and  Twos  Iver  Medal"?  awarded  by  the  Royal  Hort  cultural 
Soc  ety  Manufacturers  of  Garden  Sjr  nges  Fountains  &c. 
Ill  i«trated  PRICE  LISTS  upon  applicat  on  to 

JOHN  WARNER  iND  SONS.  Hydraulic  and  Horticultural 
Engineers.  The  Crescent  Foundry,  Cripplegate.  E.C. ;  and  the 
Foundry  Works,  Walton-on- the- Naze.  Essex.  To  be  obtained 
at  every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 

ARDEN     REQUISITES.  —  Sticks,    Labels, 

Virgin  Cork,   Raffia.  Mats.  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Mauurea,  «c.    Cheapeat  Prices  of 
WATSON  AWT>  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.G. 


CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  and  packing  free,  and  delivered  to  any  London  Station. 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 


l.'jc 


21  ( 


13J  by  8}  for  10/-  for  14/- 
12  „  9  „  10/-  „  14/-  or  .300  squares  lb  ounce,  8  by  g, 
12  „  10  „  11/-  „  15/6  or  250  squares  8J  by  6J,  or  229 
H  „  10  „  13/-  „  19/-  squares,  9^  by  6},  or  170  squares, 
14  „  12  „  17/6  „  24/-  S  by  7},  or  KW  squares,  10  by  8, 
12  „  12  ,,  13/-  ,,  20/-  for  10s.  Carriage  paid  for  all  ordsri 
18  „  12  „  21/-  „  31/-  over  £3. 
20    „  12    ,,    24/-  „   35/- 

Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Beat  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  5rf.  per  pound.    Special  quotations 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND    GLASS    WAKEHOUSE, 
14,  Moot  Lane,  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.C. 


You  Should  Use 


WARNER'S  WATER   BARROWS 
WARNER'S     AQUAJECTS. 

The  very  Beat.      Lists  and  Prices  of 

JOHN        WARNER      and      SONS, 

CRESCENT  FOUNDRY.  CRIPPLEGATE.  LONDON,  E.C. 
ly  Manufacturers  of  Prize  .Medal  GAKDEN  ENGINES  and 
SYRINGES,  all  the  very  best  quality. 


Established, 


HENRY  HOPE, 


Ilortic 


al  Suilder  nnd 
tvater  Engineer. 

65,  Lionel  St..  Birmingham. 

Plans  and  Estimates  on 
application. 
Experienced  Workmen  sent  to  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

THOS.    W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  ISONWOEKS,  STOURBRIDGE, 


Tbe  Best 

and  Quickest 

Hade. 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot^-n-ater  Pipes.  9feet  long.  4s.  3rf.  each; 

4-in.  Socket  Hot- water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  6d.  each. 

Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  List  on  application. 


HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 


for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  aubstitut*  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  cost. 

Used  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing ;  can  be 
applied  oold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  6(i.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station,  U.  8rf.  per  gallon  in  caaka  of  36.  20,  or 
10  gailonB. 

y-f  J  /■f'TT  7"/)  Kf Every  cask  bears  the  above  Registered 

V^U±1\JJ.\.        Trade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 


HILL      &      SMITH 

Brlerley  Ironworks,  Dudley; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

tT,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 


July  16,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENER8'    GEJtONICLE. 


89 


THOMAS'S  TRAINING  TRELLISES 

No.  81.     GALVANISED  AFTER  MADE. 

For  Training  Peas  instead  of 

Training  Plants  to  Walls.  &c. 

In  Panei^. 
6  feet  by  3  feet  ...  2s.  each. 
6  feet  b^  4  feet  ...  38.  each. 
6  feet  by  6  feet  ...  4b.  each. 
Also  used  tor  training  plants, 
made  any  size  to  ordar. 
6-inch      4-inch      3-inch      2-inch      l^inch  mesh. 

2d.  3d,  Sid.         4d,  4Jd.         per  foot  super. 

GALVANISED     WIRE     NETTING. 

Improved  Machine-made. 

Oreatly  Reduced  Prices  per  Boll  of  60  Yards. 


3  ft. 
ride. 


6  ft. 


Mesh.  s.    d.  s.    d.  s.    d.       s.    d. 

3-ln.  34  60  6S10    0 

2-ln.  46  69  90      13    6 

li-in.  6    6  9    9  13    0     19    6 

1-in.  8    0  12    0  16    0     24    0 

STEEL    BABB    WIRE. 

s.  d. 

100  yard  Reels    6    0 

260    „        „     }cwt.  ...  12    6 

630    „        „      1  cwt.  ...  26    0 

Special  Quotations  for  Large 

Quantities. 


J.  J.   THOMAS   &   CO., 

87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.G.; 
Works:    362.    EDGWARE    ROAD,    LONDON,    W. 


-J  A  A  MILES  of    GARDEN    NETTING  for 

J.UV/  Protecting  FRUIT  TREES.  SEED-BEDS.  PLAHTS. 
FLOWERS,  &c.,  1-mch  mesh,  100  yards  by  2  yards,  or  50  yards 
by  4  yards,  price  10s.  each,  carriage  paid.  Hundreds  of  Testi- 
monials. Any  size  made  to  order.  Trade  supplied.  Special 
quotations  for  large  quantities.  LAWN  TENNIS  BOUNDARY 
NETS,  HAMMOCKS,  FLAGS,  CRICKET,  SALMON,  RABBIT, 
and  FISHING  NETS. 

ABBOTT  AND  CO.,  Net  Manufacturers,  Lowestoft. 


TANNED  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  \ld.  per 
yard;  lOj.  per  100  yards;  25  yards  3  yards  wide  post- 
free  <s. ;  4  yards  wide,  3d.  per  yard ;  20s.  per  100.  NEW 
TWINE  NETTING.  1  inch  mesh,  1  yard  wide,  M. ;  2  yards 
wide,  3d. ;  4  yards  wide,  ii.  per  yard.  COTTON  NETTING, 
64  inches  wide,  19  meshes  to  square  inch,  Id.  per  yard  (best 
article  to  protect  fruit  trees,  &c.).  BAT  FOLDING  NETS,  on 
Bamboo  poles,  20s.    CLAP  NETS,  for  birds,  30s. 

W.  CULLLNGFORD,  Forest  Gate,  London,  E. 


THE    BEST   REMEDY    FOR    INDIGESTION. 


CAMOMILE   PILLS. 

Are  confidently  recommended  as  a  simple  but  certain 
remedy  for 

^*  INDIGESTION*^ 

See  Testimonial,  selected  from  hundreds :— 

CROYDON,  1885. 
"  Having  been  a  sufferer  from  Indi- 
gestion for  many  years,  J  am  happy  to 
say  that  I  have  at  last  not  only  been 
relieved  but  perfectly  cured  by  using 
Norton's  Pills,  and  confidently  recom- 
mend them  to  all  suffer  ins,  from  the  same. 
"7.    WILKINSON." 

For  other  Testimonials,  see  Monthly  Magazines. 
Sold  everywhere,  price  i«.  iV//.,  2s.  qrf.  and  lis. 
INDLEY'S     MEDICAL    and   CECONOMI- 

CAL  BOTANY.      With   numerous  Illustrations.      8vo, 
cloth.     Price  5s. 

L  INDLEY'S      DESCRIPTIVE      BOTANY. 
For  Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of   Schools.      Price 
Is.  sewed. 

London :    BRADBURY,    AGNEW    AKD   CO.,    9,    Bouverie 
Street,  E.C. 


WINE         GROWERS'         AGENTS. 


JOHN  C.  HANDS  &  CO., 

Old-establislied  'Wiiie  and  Spirit  Merchants. 

GOOD      DINNEE      CLAEETS     from     12s.   6d.     per     dozen. 

SOLE    AGENTS    FOE 

GEVENCEY  CHAMPAGNE  (Sp^ciaUt^),  30s.  per  dozen. 


99,  GEESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 


New  Edition,   Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  GOHAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO  HTTNDBED  AND   FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 
By  the  late  SiB  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.,  Reprinted  from  the  Gardenen'  Chronicle. 


Price   8d.,     Post-free  8^d. ; 

Twenty.five  Copies,  5s. ;    fifty,  IDs. ;    and  one  hundred,  20s. 
._  Parcels  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  delivered,   Carriage  Free,  in  London  only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


DOULTON  &  WATTS, 

LAMBETH   POTTERY,  LONDON,  S.E. 

VASES,  PEDESTALS,  FOUNTAINS, 

GASDEN  EDGINGS,  ^c,  in 

IMPERISHABLE    TERRA    COTTA. 


Tiles  for  Lining  Walls  of  Conservatories, 
AUT  POTTERY,  including  JAMD  IN  TERES, 

Table  Decorations  and  Vases,  Fountains,  &c., 

for  the  Conservatory,  In 

DOULTON  WARE,  LAMBETH  FAIENCE,  AND  THE  NEW 

SILICON  WARE. 


W.    RICHARDS,    41,    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


Show  Rooms,  Albert  Embankment,  S.E. 

HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,  LONDON.  E. 

BOBher's  Garden  Edging  Iflas, 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
KITCHEN  GAitDENS, 
they  harbour  no  Slugs 
Insects,  take  up  little  i 
and  once  put  down  i 
further  labour  or  expense, 
do  "grown  "  Edgings,  c 
quently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES.  FOUNT AmS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  BlacWriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S,W. 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES. 
PLANT    COVERS,   and   PROPAGATENQ    BOXES  :     also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS, 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridorg,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,   for   Lining   Walls   of   Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  Sec.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tilea 

of  all  Einds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHEK  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchant*. 

See  Addresses  above. 


L     V     E     R 


SAND 


Q     I 

KJ    fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Tmckload,  on  Wnarf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  poet. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
qu&ntitiea. 

"    Kl 

de     ,        ,    , 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

GARDEN  SHADINGS,  scbiu,  'hessun,' 

RUSSIA  MATS,  RAFFIA,  PEAT, 

SAND,     COCOA    FIBRE    REFUSE,    &c., 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 

CATALOGUE  on  APPLICATION. 


JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135.  COMMERCIAL  STREET.  LONDON,  E. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3d3  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  MiseeUaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

34,  St.  Jobn  Street,  West  Smltlifleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  cmd  Prices  on  application.    Quote  ChronicU. 


TSE    'GA'RY)'ENWMS'^^  T^WTtONICLE. 


[Jutf  16,  1887; 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

Head  Lint  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. 

5  rr  • 

6  „     . 

7  „     . 

8  „     . 

9  „  . 
10  „  . 
U  „     . 

12  „     . 

13  „     . 

14  „     . 


£0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


0 
6 
0 
6 
0 
6 
0 

0  6  6 
0  7  0 
0  7  6 
0    8    0 


15  Lines. 

16  „  . 

17  „  . 

18  „  . 

19  „  . 

20  „  . 

21  „  . 

22  „  . 

23  „  . 

24  „  . 

25  „  . 


£0    8  6 

0    9  0 

0    9  6 

0  10  0 

0  10  6 

0  11  0 

0  11  6 

0  12  0 

0  12  6 

0  13  0 

0  13  6 


AMD  SIXPENCE  TOR   KVERT  ADDITIONAL  LINE. 

K  set  acro83  two  Gohimna,  the  lowest  charere  will  be  20s. 

If  set  acro33  three  Columnfl.  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30s. 

Page.  £3  ;     Half  ^.^se,  £1  10!. ;     Column.  £3. 


GARDENERS  and  OTHERS  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

a6  words,  including  name  and  address*,  Is.  6(i.,  and  6d.  for 
•very  atlditional  line  (about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESK  ADVERTISEMENTS  MUST  BE   PREPAID. 

IMFORTANT  NOTICE.  —  Advertisers  are  cautioned 
mgainst  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Postojftces,  as 
ail  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sejider. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  hs.  each  insertion. 
Advertisements  for  the  current  week   must  Teach   the  Office 
by  Thursday  noon.      '  ■  '^  ■ 


All  SubBCrlptlons  Payable  In  Advance, 

Thr  United  Kingdom  :  12  -Months.  IBs. ;  6  Months, 

7s.  6d. :  3  Months,  3s.  9d. 

FoREISN    (excepting    India   and   China);    including  Postage, 

17a.  6d.  for  12  Months;    India  and  China.  19s.  6d. 

Post-office   Orders   to  be   made   payable    at  the  Post  Office 

12,  UKl'RY  LANE,  W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

HY.     VAN     &     CO. 

(The  Oldest  London  House  in  the  Trade,  Estd.  1780), 

17,   Tooley    Street,    London    Bridge,   S.E. 


nimtrated  CATALOrA'ES  Post  free. 

PROTECTION  FOR  FRUIT  AND  FLOWERS. 
6AKDEN  NETTING,  2  vards  wide,  IJrf.,  or  per  100  yards, 

IDs.  ;  ditto,  4  yards  wide,  3d.,  or  per  100  ytirds,  20s. 
SCKIM    CANVAS,    1   yard  wide,  M.;    IJ   yard,    i^d,;    and 

2  yards,  6rf.  per  yard. 
TIFF-ANY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  3i.  6rf.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size, 
RICK    CLOTHS,    TARPAULINS,    Corn  and  Potato  SACKS, 

FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  for  Sale  or  Hire. 
TOBACCO  PAPER,  RAFFIA,  and  Garden  MATS  of  all  kinds. 


PORTABLE     CXrCTIMBEIl    FBAMES. 

RHALLIDAY     and      CO,    desire   to 
•     draw   special   attention  to  their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of   which  thi-y  always  have  a  large  stock,    ready  glazed  and 
painted.    They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  aud  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices  delivered  to  anv  station  in  England  : —  £  s,  d, 

2-light  frame,    8  feJt  bv  6  feet  1    p„„vi„„    (       3  10    0 
3-lightframe,  121eetby6feetV„^"",|  -J       5    6    0 
6-light  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet )'-'"'"'  ""(     10    0    0 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.    Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pita  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

B.     HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Huth. .,!,.■   HuiM.rs  ;.nd  Eiiirincprs, 

ROYAL     HOKTICILTIltAt,     WORKS,     MIDDLETON, 

-MANCIIKS'I'KR. 

London  Agent,  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  ftc, 
2,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 


RICBY,  WAIKWRICHT  &  CO, 

MANUFACTURERS, 

Neptune  "Works,  Manchester, 
Cotton     Wool    and      Wadding 

for  Florists  and  Nurserymen. 

Send  for  Samples  and  Prices. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL, 


Garden  Engine  and 

Water-Barrow 

Combined. 

Th  s  implenieut  va  well 
adapted  for  both  large 
and  -nmall  gardens.  It 
IS  strong  and  well  made 
and  not  liable  to  get 
out  of  order. 
CASH  PRICES 
(Carriage  Paid)  : 
15  gallon  size,  £.'i  Ibx. 
""  ,         „      £4     6s. 

„      £4  15s. 
Pumps  for  domestic 
trarden    purposes, 
it'n  Engines.  Water 
■ows,  manufactured 
b\  oursehe.     NEW~GENERAL  CATALOGUE  sent  free. 
D    4—  1 


WILLIAMS   BROS.   &   CO., 

77,     PERSHORE     STREET, 

BIRMINGHAM. 

Complete  Price  List  on  application, 
MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P    P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 

Accidents   at   Home   and   Abroad. 
Railway  Accid.^nts,  Kmployer's  l.iHlnhiy.  iii^ur.-.Us.'ninst  by  the 

T^  AIL  WAY  rASSEXGKlW    ASSURANCE 

IX  COMPANY,  6-1,  CornhiU,  London.  Income,  f34B,000, 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,3.=i0,000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums—favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Office,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W,C,  ;  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  VIAN,  Secretary. 


Telegraph, -"Staircase,"  Birmingham, 
SONS   &   CO.  (Limited), 


HORTlCUtTURftiBIJiDERS. 


;li,  lilt-nheini  Palace,  and 
..-,-,  iic.  N.uniarket, 

51  &  52,  PARK  STREET,  BIRMINGHAM. 

FOR   SALE,  LOUDON'S    "  HORTUS   BRI- 
T-ANNICUS";  second-hand,  in  good  preservation.     Price, 
£1  10,!.— M.W.  A,,  41,Wellington  Street,  Stran.d..Lpn!iSB.M'.C. 

GARDENING    APPOINTMENTS. 

Mr,  J,  T.  AsHLF.E,  late  Foreman,  has  taken 
the  place  of  Mr.  J.  Lessels,  deceased,  at  Aqualate 
Hall  Gardens,  Shropshire, 

Mr,  James  Wilkie,  for  the  last  five  years  at 
Cardiff  Castle  Gardens,  has  been  appointed  Gar- 
dener to  Lord  Obanmoee,  Castle  Macgarrett, 
Claremorris,  Ireland, 

Covent  Garden  Market,  W,C. 

PARTNER  WANTED,  Whole  attention  re- 
quired. Must  be  adapted  to  the  business,  and  be 
energetic— G.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W,C. 

NURSERYMEN  and  MARKET  GAR- 
DEXERS.- An  .active  experienced  Man,  able  to  take 
entire  charge,  and  having  small  capital,  may  obtain  a  Share  of 
an  Old-established  Business  upon  beneticial  terms.— Apply, 
stating  age,  experience,  and  capital,  to  W,  F.,  NorfoVc 
Chronicle  Office,  Norwich. 


WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  GARDENER,  used 
to  Growing  Cucumbers,  Grapes,  Tomat/-)s,  Flowers, 
&.C.,  for  Market.  Must  be  steady  and  show  good  results. 
Help  given.— O,  GOBLE,  Siltingbourne.  

ANTED,     a     SINGLE-HANDED 

GARDENER,  for  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden ;  Seven- 
oaks.  Good  character.— Apply  by  letter,  J,  S.,  Monument 
Buildings,  E.C. 

TXT" ANTED,  a  very  good  SINGLE-HANDED 

Vt  gardener,  tor  Small  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden, 
also  Conservatory.  Age  about  40.  A  gentleman's  recommenda- 
tion preferred.  Good  wages.—  Lady  G.,  Bright's  Library, 
Bournemouth.  

WANTED,  for  Derbyshire,  a  SECOND 
GARDENER.  Must  have  good  experience  of  Glass 
and  Outdoor  Work,  and  be  well  recommended.  Without  in- 
cumbrance preferred.  Wife  to  attind  Lodge  Gate,  house. 
g.as,  and  coal  provided.  Wages  One  Guinea  per  week.  Church 
of  England.— State  age  and  all  particulars  by  letter  only,  to 
W.  H.  WORTHINGTON,  Esq.,  Derwent  Bank,  Derby, 

V\7'ANTED,an  UNDER  GARDENER, for  the 

V  >  suburbs.  Married  man  preferred.  Must  be  energetic 
and  tidy.  Wages  lis.  per  week,  -with  cottage  and  milk.  Good 
character  indispensable.— Write  full  particulars  to  M.,  Messrs. 
Dawson  Sl  Sons,  121,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E,C. 

WT'ANTED,    by  the  middle    of    August,    or 

V  T  Inter,  a  thorough  practical  Man  as  GENERAL  PLANT 
GROWER,  for  a  Market  Nursery,  Must  eicell  in  the  Culture 
of  Poinsettias,  Cyclamens,  and  Pelargoniums.  Wages,  305. 
per  week,  and  quarterly  Bonuses  on  results.  None  need  apply 
who  cannot  produce  satisfactory  testimonials,  and  preference 
will  be  given  to  one  who  has  grown  for  Covent  Garden. — 
TURNER  BROTHERS,  Florists,  Allerton,  Liverpool. 

WANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  Second  Man,  age  25, 
as  GROWER  for  Market,  Vines,  Rosea,  Ferns,  and  Cut 
Stuff  generally.  Bunching  and  Packing.  Wages,  24s,— 
M/VNAGER,  Wharton  Grange,  Framheld,  Hawkfaurst. 

WANTED,  for  a  London  Market  Nursery, 
an  energetic  MAN,  to  Grow  Soft-wooded  Plants  and 
Cut  Flowers  in  quantity,  and  act  as  Foreman,— Please  state 
partix'ulars  to  F,  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Welling- 
ton Str^^et^Strand^JWX^^^^ 

Wanted. 

HC.VNNELL  AND  Sl-lNS  would  be  glad  to 
•  hear  from  a  young  MAN  of  first-class  character,  and 
well  up  in  the  knowledge  of  Auruubus,  Dahlias,  Carnations, 
Pinks,  &c.,  for  this  department  ol  their  Nursery,— Swanley, 
Kent. 

ANTED,    a    JOURNEYMAN,    for     the 

Houses.— Apply,  stating  age,  wages,  and  references,  to 
C.  B.  MANSFIELD,  Llysoneu  Gardens,  near  St,  Clears, 
Carmarthenshire. 

WANTED,  a  single  MAN,  who  thoroughly 
understands  the  Growing  of  Bouvnrdias,  Pelargo- 
niums, and  Primula  Blooms  for  Covent  Garden  Market.— Apply, 
stating  age,  wages,  and  references,  to  C.  B.  MANSFIELD, 
Llysonen  Gardens,  near  St.  Clears,  Carmarthenshire. 

ANTED,     a    WAREHOUSE    PORTER, 

for  Wholesale  Seed  Trade.— State  where  last  employeu 
and  wages  required  to  HENRY  CLARKE  A»P  SONS,  39. 
King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


JuLT  16,  1887.1 


THE     GABDENEB8'     CH.lRONICLE. 


91 


WANT    PLACES. 


situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAINU  AND  CO.,  having  filled  many 
important  plncea,  can  BECO.MMEND  with  every  eonli- 
dence.  energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
lirst^rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  ot  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establishments, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  sn.ted,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged. — JOHN  LAING 
AND  CO..  The  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  BalUfTs,  Sec. 

WAI.  CUTJ5US1I  AND  SUN  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whosecharacters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
wvn  recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &Son,  Highgat«  Nurseries,  N. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWAllDS.  IIAILUFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CAltTEU  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Uegister  reliable  and  competent  MEN. 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. 
Enquiries  shoukl  be  made  to  237  and  236.  High  Holborn.  W.C. 

KICHAHD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
ifec.— St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worce-ster. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited.  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garstou.  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  MAN.  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments 

pARDENER     (Head).— Age     31,    married; 

\IX  sixteen  years'  good  experience  Inside  and  Out.  Good 
character.— VV.,  18.  Hillside  Grove.  Chase  Road.  Southgate,  N. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. — 
Practical  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.     Disengaged 
August  6. — T.  C.  The  Gardens,  Torrington,  Wragby,  Lincoln. 

GARDENER    (Head).— Thoroughly  experi- 
enced  in  all  branches.    Good  references  and  character. — 
23,  Salisbury  Road,  Upper  HoUoway.  London,  N. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married,  no  family; 
experienced  in  the  General  Management  of  a  good 
Garden.  Highly  recommended.  —  J.  MACDOUGALL,  192. 
Fairbridge  Road,  Upper  HoUoway,  London,  N. 

ARDENER    (Head).— Mr.    Davies,    Gar- 

dener  to  A.  O.  Walker.  Esq.,  Lead  Works,  Chester,  will 
be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman,  E.  T.  Jones,  to  any 
liBdy  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  Gardener.  Two  years' 
good  character. — Address  as  above. 

ARDENER     (Head).  —  Married  ;     a 

thoroughly  practical  man;  well  versed  in  all  branches, 
including  Orchids.  Can  be  well  recommended.  Four  and  a  half 
years'  good  character.  Abstainer. — B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;  married,  no  family.— 

A  Gentleman  wishes  to  highly  rtcommend  his  late 
Head  Gardener,  John  Gore,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring 
the  services  of  a  thorough  practical  Gardener.— JOHN  GORE, 
Polegate,  Sussex. 

r\  ARDENER     (Head).  —  Thoroughly    expe- 

\Ia  rienccd  in  Vines,  Fruit  Trees,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Eighteen  years'  expe- 
rience. Good  references  and  character.- RUSE,  Lostwithiel, 
Cornwall. 

ARDENER  (Head);  age  41,  no  family.-- 

Mr.  Clarke,  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale,  Lowther 
Castle,  Penrith,  can  with  the  greatest  confidence  recommend  a 
thoroughly  competent  and  reliable  man  in  all  matters  of  Hor- 
ticulture. Undeniable  character,  and  now  at  liberty.  No 
single-handed  place  accepted. 

ARDENER  (Head    Working).— Age  36; 

first-class  man  in  all  branches  ;  his  mother  an  excellent 
Laundress,  also  Dairy.  Highest  character.- GARDENER, 
4,  Temperance  Terrace.  Constitution  Hill,  Snodlands.  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  three  are  kept. — Married,  no  family ;  ia  open  to  engage 
with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  as  above.  —  Mr.  MERRl"- 
WEATHER,  The  Nurseries,  Southwell,  Notts. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Family  one 

(age  15);  thoroughly  understands  Stove,  Conservatory, 
Vineries,  Peach-houses,  Roses,  Ferns,  &c. ;  also  good  Kitchen 
Gardener.  Life  experience,  reliable.— ADVERTISER,  Messrs. 
James  Dickson  &  Sons,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working);    age  34.— 

A  Gentleman,  breaking  up  establishment,  wishes  to 
recommend  his  Gardener,  who  has  been  with  him  five  years,  to 
mny  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  man. 
Well  versed  in  every  department.  Wages  moderate. — J. 
TIMSON,  Shirley  Croft,  Grantham. 

ARDENER    (Head   WoRKiNG).~Age  30, 

married;  fifteen  years'  practical  experience  with  Vines, 
PeachoB,  Figs,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Seven  years'  excellent 
character  from  present  employer.— H.,  7,  St.  Andrew's  Street 
North,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)!— Age  35; 
total  abstainer  ;  married,  two  children,  youngest  8  years. 
Has  twenty  years'  practical  experience  in  every  oranch.  Is 
a  thoroughly  competent,  reliable,  industrious,  and  trustworthy 
Gardener.  First-cla^aPIantsman.  Fruitand  Vegetable  Grower. 
Excellent  references.  —  GARDENER,  Price,  Florist,  Ewell 
Road.  Surbiton. 

/;>  ARDENER  (Head  Working),   or  FORE- 

yjf  aiAN  where  two  or  three  are  kept.— J.  T.  HOWCOTT, 
Kennells  Ascott.  Leyton  Buzzard, 

GARDENER.— Age   25;  well  recommended; 
can  make  himself  generally  useful.— A.  JACOBS,  Mill 
Green,  Ingatestone,  Essex. 

ARDENER  (good  practical),  or  GENERAL 

FOREMAN.— A^e  2i),  single  ;  twelve  years'  experience 
in  every  branch  of  the  profession.  Two  years' excellent  cha- 
racter.—F.  B.,  44.  Welledley  Itoad,  Kentish  Town.  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed).  — Age  23; 
understands  general  routine  of  Gardening.  Strong, 
willing,  and  obliging.— E.  W.,  2,  Canbury  Villas,  Canbury 
Place,  Kingston-on-Thames. 

r^  ARDENER    (Single-handed,     or     where 

V_X  help  is  given).— Age  26.  Good  experience  and  references. 
— G.  B.,  J.  Simmons,  1,  Horley's  Cottages,  Warwick  Road, 
Sutton,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second). — 
Age  25,  unmarried  ;  ten  years'  experience.  Can  be  well 
recommended  by  present  employer.  Two  years'  character. — 
ARTHUR  GREY,  Court,  Ham,  Surrey. 

GARDENER    (Second),    in    a    Gentleman's 
establishment. — Age   22 ;    good   references.     Six   years' 
■  xperieuce.— B.  WELCH,  Stanhope  Road.  North  Finchley.  N. 

GARDENER  (Second),  in  a  good  Garden. — 
Brought  up  in  Nursery.     Well  up  in  Plant  Work.— F., 
D.  Sprigiugs.  St.  Albans. 

G1  ARDENER  (Under,  or  Third  in  a  Gentle- 
n  man's  Garden). — Age  19.  single;  two  and  a  half  years' 
character.  Recommended  by  Mrs.  Holland,  Kemertou  Court, 
Tewkesbury. 

GARDENER  (Undeb),  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  2\  ;  used  to  Inside  and  Out.  Four  years'  experi- 
ence. Two  years'  good  character.— D.  Y.,  W.  H.  Broom,  12, 
Richmond  Crescent,  Barnsbury,  London,  N. 

GARDENER  (Undeb),  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden,  where  two  or  three  are  kept. — Age  22;  five  years' 
good  character;  used  to  Indoor  and  Outdoor  Work. — W. 
ABBOTT,  68,  Winsor  Terrace,  Beckton  Road,  Beckton,  Essex. 

GARDENER  (Under).  — Age  32,  married, 
one  child  (age  8).  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Excellent 
character. — G.  HIGGS,  The  Gardens,  Newlands  Park.  Syden- 
ham. S.E. 

ORCHID  GROWER,  or  FOREMAN  ;  age  25. 
—J.  Stewart,  The  Gardens.  Langford  Park,  Maldon, 
Essex,  can  confidently  recommend  his  Foreman,  E.  Bristow, 
who  has  been  with  him  five  years,  to  anyone  requiring  his 
services  in  either  of  the  above  capacities, — Address  as  above. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  25; 
eleven  years'  experience   in  all    branches.       First-chiss 
references.- J.LEWIS,  32,  The  Mount.  Frankwell,  Shrewsbury. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age  28 ; 
twelve  years'  good  experience.  Can  be  well  recommended. 
Abstainer.- Present  address,  WILLIAM  MOYES.  Cargreen 
Hall,  Cornwall. 

FOREMAN  ;  age  24.— G.  W.  Eden,  Gardener 
to  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Stradbroke,  will  be  pleased 
to  recommend  E.  Lubbock  as  above, — Henham  Gardens,  Wang- 
ford,  Suffolk. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  private  establishment. 
— Eight  years' experience.  Well  up  in  Propagating  and 
Growing  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Excellent  character, 
—For  further  particulars  please  apply  to  H.  CRUX,  Camden 
Nursery.  Sissiughurst,  Kent. 

FOREMAN  (Working).— Age  28;  good  ex- 
perience.  Grapes,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos. 
Cut  Flowers,  and  Soft-wooded  Stuff  for  Market,  Early  and  Late 
Forcing.  Can  be  well  recommended. — T.  H.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

FOREMAN  (Working),  Outdoors. — Alpha 
desires  re-engagement.  Well  up  in  Roses,  Fruits, 
Conifers,  and  general  Nursery  Work.  Excellent  references. 
Fifteen  years'  experience. — Coffee  House,  Powick,  Worcester. 

FOREMAN,  or  GROWER  of  Soft-wooded 
stuff.  Age  28  ;  thoroughly  capable.  CajQ  be  well  recom- 
mended. Eleven  years'  experience. — T.  DEAN,  The  Farm, 
Liscard,  Cheshire. 

FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR,  or  MANAGER. 
—Through  long  experience  well  acquainted  with  all 
branches  of  Horticulture.— PHILLIP,  23,  Chichester  Road, 
Northeud,  Portsmouth. 

JOURNEYMAN  (Fiest),  in  the  Houses,  in  a 
good  garden  establishment. — Age  22  :  eight  years' 
experience,  two  years  in  present  place.  Highly  recommended" 
— F.  PRICE,  Ewell  Road,  Surbitan. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  or  Outside.— 
Age  2u ;   two  years'  good  character  from  last  situation. — 
A.  JONES,  near  Great  Northern  Station,  Harpenden,  Herts. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  good  private  Garden.— 
Mr.  Thomson.  Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  Wake- 
field, Stony-Stratford,  Bucks,  strongly  recommends  an  experi- 
enced young  man.     Energetic  and  trustworthy, 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good 
establishment.— Age  25  ;  eight  years'  experience.  Can 
be  well  recommended.— G.  BAKER,*  Station  Road,  Billings- 
hurst,  Sussex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  Gentle- 
man's  establishment. — Age  20  ;  four  years'  good  expe- 
rience. Bothy  preferred.— T.  LITTLE,  34.  Tadema  Road, 
King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ; 
three  years  in  present  situation.  Good  recommendation. 
Bothy  preferred.— S.  H.  SNELL,  The  Daison,  St.  Mary  Church, 
Torquay. 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21 ;  six  years' 
general  experience.  —  H.   F.,    Mra.   Frost,    Newsagent, 
Wimbledon. 

''po     NURSERYMEN    and    SEEDSMEN.— 

J-  Situation  desired  by  Advertiser,  who  has  had  the  Manage- 
ment of  a  Nursery  and  Seed  Business  for  his  mother,  deceased  ; 
has  a  good  knowledge  of  Soft-wooded  Propagation  and  the 
Work  of  a  Market  Nursery;  considerable  experience  in  Wait- 
ing on  Customers.— J.  G.  COOK,  Manor  House,  Bishopstoke. 
Hants. 

0     NOBLEMEN    and    GENTLEMEN.  — 

H.  Downing.  Norbury  Park  Gardens,  near  Dorking, 
Surrey,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man a  thorough  hard-working  Man,  experienced  in  all  branches. 
Can  have  most  excellent  character.  Shall  be  pleased  to  answer 
any  enquiries. 

Hj^O     NURSERYMEN  and  MARKET 

X  GROWERS.— Situation  wanted  by  a  young  man  (age  21) 
who  is  used  to  the  general  work  in  a  Nursery.  Five  years' 
experience.  Well  recommended.— F.  B.,  Carbery  Cottage, 
Christchurch,  Hants. 

'"pO  GARDENERS.— Wanted  by  a  sharp  youth 

-L  (age  18)  a  situation  where  he  can  Improve.  'J'hree  and 
a  half  years'  experience  Inside  and  Out.— HEAD  GARDENER, 
East  Hill  House,  Wimbledon.  Surrey. 

'■1^0    GARDENERS.— H.  Subman,   Gardener, 

JL      Park  Wern ,  Skettie,  Swansea,  South  Wales,  has  a  Son  he 


''pO  G 

JL      Wai 


GENTLEMEN   and   NURSERYMEN.- 


Nursery.  Used  to  working  outside,  and  helping  in.  Age  20. 
Four  years'  good  character. — F.  BRIGGS,  Friern  Nursery,  230, 
Peckham  Rye,  London,  S.E. 

'-po  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  by  a  young 

JL  man  (age  21),  a  situation  in  the  Houses.  Well  versed  in 
Wreath.  Cross  Making,  &c.— H.  S.,  23,  Bryngwyn  Terrace, 
Hereford. 

To  Nurserymen. 

B UDDER  and  GKAETER,  &c.— Eight  years 
with  W.  Paul.    Good  references.— H.  PIPER,  Framlield, 
Hawkhurst,  Sussex. 

ANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN.  — 

Wanted,  by  competent  Seedsman,  Florist,  and  Book- 
keeper, engagement  as  Manager  or  Head  Shopman.  Thirteen 
years'  experience  with  leading  firms  in  every  department. 
First-class  references.  Age  2S,  married. — CORNUTA,  Hillside, 
Canterbury  Grove,  West  Norwood,  S.E. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

BOOK-KEEPER.— Wanted,  by  a  man  of  much 
experience,  a  position  as  Book-keeper.  Highest  refer- 
ences aa  to  ability,  stability,  and  integrity.— J.  B.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

CORRESPONDENT  (Thorough),  BOOK- 
KEEPER, and  CLERK,  with  practical  experience  of 
Nursery  Work  ;  or  as  JUNIOR  TRAVELLER.  —  Age  27. 
Best  ref ere nces.—R.  H.  SMITH,  3,  Garfield  Street,  Hawick.  N.B. 

''FO    FLORISTS.— Wanted,   a  situation   in   a 

J-  good  Florist  Shop.  Thoroughly  experienced  in  Plants, 
Cut  Flowers,  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making.  Age  24.  Eight 
years'  experience.  First-class  testimonials.  —  LOVEDAY 
Woodbine.  Victoria  Road,  Worthing. 


ASSISTANT  (Junior).— Age  19;  three  years' 
experience  in  large  Provincial  Seed  Establishment. 
Good  knowledge  of  Fancy  Trade.  Well  accustomed  to  Counter 
Work.   Total  abstainer.-ROSE,  l,ViotoriaStreet,Nottingham 

C10WMAN,  to  Assist  in  the  Garden.— Age  30, 
J  married  ;  understands  Pigs  and  Poultry.  Nine  years 
good  character.  Left  through  death.— F.  TIBBLES,  41,  Gation 
Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  and  OINTMENT 
exrrt  a  rapidly  favourable  effect  in  all  those  diseases 
which  are  induced  by  exposure  to  damp  or  by  great  changes  in 
temperature.  They  will  therefore  be  found  eminently  service- 
able to  those  who  work  in  iron  foundries,  copper  mines  and 
collieries.  These  well-known  remedies  present  manifest  ad- 
vantages in  respect  of  use  and  effectiveness,  beingentirely  com- 
pounded of  vegetable  drugs  selected  with  the  greatest  care  re- 
gardless of  price.  When  used  in  accordance  With  the  ample 
printed  directions  which  accompany  them,  they  act  surely  but 
mildly,  and  do  notinterferewith  the  daily  work.  There  are  but' 
few  diseases  which  are  not  capable  of  cure^or,  at  all  ev**ntw,  of ' 
great  relief — if  Holloway'a  remedies  are  perseveringly  used. 


92 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  16,  1887. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
PLANT  FRAMES 

Are  always  in  stock,  ready  to  be  sent  off  on  receipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the  beat  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a  proper 
manner.  The  FRAMES  are  of  l^inch  boards,  13  inches  high 
at  front,  24  inches  high  at  back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridge, 
bolted  at  the  corners,  easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The 
LIGHTS  are  2  inches  thick,  fitted  with  set-opea,  and  arranged 
to  turn  over,  back  and  front,  for  ventilating ;  the  whole  painted 
four  coats.  The  glass  is  ENGLISH  21-oz.  weight.  PACKED 
and  sent  CARRIAGE  PAID  to  any  station  in  England  and 
Wales,  also  to  Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry,  Cork.  Glasgow, 
and  stations  equivalent. 

Cases  are  allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No.  74.-Plaiit  Frame.    All  si 


CASH     PRICES, 

Including  use  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.    Width.  Pi 

...    8  feet  by  6  feet  ...  £4 

12  feet  by  6  feet  ...  t 

ISfeet  by  6feet  ...  8 

,,            20  feet  by  6  feet  ...  9 

Smaller  Frames  are  made.    See  LISTS,  post-free. 


2-LIQHT  FRAME 


CATALOGUES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus.  Garden  Frames  in  every 
variety.  Garden  Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  every- 
thing required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  poat-free  on 
application. 

ESTIMATES  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt  of  particulars. 

LADIES  and  GENTLEMEN  waited  upon  by  appointment 
in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

NORWICH. 


STEVEN      BROS     &   C^ 
HOT       WATER        APPARATUS. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDKKI 

121,  BUNHIIi  ROW,  LOKDON,  E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  and  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for  every 
description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  tree  of  charge,  and 
aend  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK     material    in    various 
colotirs.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  BunhiU  Row,  London,  E.C. 

niuatrated  Liste  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  SlabsforWalla,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE  BUILDERS  and  HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses.  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  constructed  on  our 

perfection  of  growing  huu-^es,  and  for  pructicut  utility,  economy,  aud  durability  cannot  be  equalled.    We  c 
and  that  the  very  best. 

ConBervatOli.es  and  Winter  Gardens  d.-si^ned  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  oe 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest._  HOt-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  s 


lallc 


MODERATE    CHARGES. 


t  any  part  of  the  Kingdom 


Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

FIRST-CLASS    WORK. 


THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION.  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &C. 


HOT-WATER      APPARATUS     for     WARMING     CHURCHES,     SCHOOLS.     PUBLIC     BUILDINGS.      MANSIONS. 
HARNESS  ROOMS.  DRYING  ROOMS.  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


MESSENGER  &  CO.'S  New  CATALOGUE  of  Greenhouses  and  Heating-  Apparatus, 

Juat  iaaued,  will  be  found  the  must  complcU-,  practical,  uud  reliable  guide  tu  all  about  to  build,  alter,  or  lu-at  gretuhouj^es. 
Illustrationa  of  every  description  of  Glaashouse,  from  the  largest  range  of  Winter  Gardens  to  the  simplest  forms  of  Portable 
Greenhouses,  Plant  Protectors,  and  Garden  Frames  ;  also  of  all  the  best  kind  of  Boilers,  Hot-water  Pipes,  and  all  appliances  for 
heatiug.  This  Catalogue,  possessing  hundreds  of  illustrations  of  all  the  latest  improvements  in  greenhouse  building  and  heating, 
is  on  a  scale  never  before  attempted.  It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one  interested  in  gardening,  as  it  contains  many  practical 
hints  on  the  subjects  of  which  it  treats,  the  result  of  many  years'  experience.     Price  2S.  pOSt-free. 

A  large  number  of  the  illustrations  are  taken  from  greenhouses  erected  by  us  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  an  inspection  of 
this  Catalogue  shows,  therefore,  buildings  the  efficiency  of  which  has  been  well  tested  by  actual  use.  The  advantages  possessed  by 
U3  enable  us  to  carry  out  work  with  the  utmost  promptness,  and  in  the  very  best  style,  at  prices  which  defy  competition.  Survey* 
made  and  gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  country.     Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application. 

MESSENGER    &   COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


Editorial  Oommunications should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor;"  Adrertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  " The  Publisher,"  at  the  OIBce,  41,  WeUington  Street,  Ckjrent  Oarden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  WttUlM  Biohards,  at  the  Offloe  of  Messrs.  BBXBBUBr,  AONEW  i  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesei,  and  published  by  the 
Hid  WILLU.M  BI0IUI1O9,  at  the  Offlce,  41.  WelUngton  Street,  Pariah  of  81.  Paul's,  Oorent  Qarden,  in  the  said  County.— Saihbday,  July  la.  1887.    Agent  for  Manchester— JoHH  Hetw OOD. 


Established 

No.  24.10. 


No.  30.-VOL.  II.  g^Z} 


SATURDAY,  JULY  23,  1887. 


[Regt.  aa  a  Newspaper. 


rPRicE  3d. 

L     P08T-»EEK,  3id. 


CONTENTS. 


1  exhibition     ... 
Anthuriums,  seedling  ... 
Botanical  Magazine 
Books  :— 

First  Year  of  Scientific 
Knowledge 

Herbs  of  the  Field,  &c. 
Broom-root  or    Mexican 

Whisk 

Cattleya   porphyroglossa 

var.  punctulata 
Constituents      of      rain 

water,  &c 

Cxiltural  memoranda    ... 
Dendrobium       aurantia- 

Edinburgh  Botanic  Gar- 
Emigration  

Florists' flowers 

Foreign  correspondence  . 
Forest    conservancy     in 

Canada  

Fruit  register      

Fruits  under  glass 

Forestry    

Kenmare  House 

Landscape  gardening    . . . 


Leaves, 


3  of 


Lilium  odorum 

107 

Lind^nia   

lOH 

Loodoa  Boulevard  Asso- 

ciation    

lOH 

Lychnis,  hybrid 

100 

III 

Narcissus     Madame     de 

Graaf      

111 

Odontoglossum    crispum 

Wolstenholmias 

m 

Orchid  Album     

109 

„    houses         

10.i 

„    notes           

m 

Packing  fruit       

\m 

Plants  and  their  culture 

lll.'i 

Roses,  new.  at  Edinburgh 

no 

IO.'l 

Selaginella  dendricola  ... 

9a 

„    diminutifoha 

«« 

Societies  ;— 

Aylesbury         

112 

Chiswick          

112 

Leek       

ii:t 

Le^isham         

11. 't 

Tacsonia.  hybrid 

107 

Watering  outdoor  plants. 

philosophy  of 

110 

Weather  and  plants 

100 

Illustrations. 


lOak 


Gallo. 

,,     Flos-Jovis      

„    hybrid  

Narcissus  Madame  de  Qraaf 

Pear  saw-fly  

Pine  beetle 

Plan  of  a  garden 

Tacsonia,  nybrid 


Kow  ready,  in  clotb,  lis.  6d. 

rHE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series.  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.— All  Numbers 
of  the"  Gardeners'  Chronicle"  from  Jarmary  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 

CCOTTISH    ARBORICULTURAL 

ANNUAL  MEETING  and  EXCURSION.— It  is  imperative 
that  Members  who  intend  to  join  the  Excursion  to  Balmoral  on 
the  28th  and  29th  inst.,  GIVE  NOTICE  IMMEDIATELY  to 

5.  St.  Andrew  Squi 

HE      LIVERPOOL      HORTICULTURAL 

ASSOCIATION 
The  EIGHTH  GRAND  SUMMER  EXHIBITION  of  PLANTS, 
FLOWERS.  FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES,  will  be  held  in  Sefton 
Park,  on  SATURDAY,  July  30,  and  Bank  Holiday,  AUGUST  1. 
Entries  Close  July  23.  Schedules  of  Prizes  can  be  had  on  appli- 
cation to 


ABBEY  PARK,  LEICESTER.— 
A  GRAND  FLOWER  SHOW  and  GALA  will  be  held 
on  TUESDAY,  August  2,  1887,  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Mayor  and  Corporation.  Liberal  Prizes,  including  the  Veitch 
Memorial  Medal  and  £5  for  1st  Prize  Collection  of  Fruit, 
8  dishes  (Pines  excluded);  2nd  Prize,  £3;  3rd  Prize,  ti; 
4th  Prize,  £1.    Schedules,  &c.,  can  be  had  from 

Mr.  JOHN  BURNS,  Secretary  and  Curator. 


MATLOCK  BATH  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY'. 
The  SIXTEENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION.  SATURDAY, 
August  13.  £1S,  £10,  £6,  for  Group  of  Miscellaneous  Plants, 
arranged  for  effect  (250  feet).  £2,  £1,  10s.,  8  dishes  Fruit. 
£2,  £1,  IDs.,  4  bunches  Grapes ;  £hbs.  for  other  Grapes;  and 
other  good  Prizes  in  open  class.    For  Schedules  apply, 

A.  CLAKK,  Matlock  Bath. 


ROYAL      HORTICULTURAL     SOCIETY 
OF    ABERDEEN. 
GRAND  SHOW  of  FLOWERS,  FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES, 
in  Duthie  Park,   on  JULY  29  and  30.      SPECIAL  JUBILEE 
MONEY  PRIZES.    Schedules  from  .    jj  gyR^S   Sec 

74,  Union  Street,  Aberdeen.  "      '  '        ' 


ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  — 

ADLANTUM  CUNEATUM. 
500  Plants  in  48's,  large  enough  for  24'8,  to  be  sold  a  bargain 
for  cash. 
White  House  Nursery,  I'ltrk  Lane,  Tottenham. 


Fema-FemB-Fems. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.       Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS,"   LONDON. 


PRIMULAS,  Double  White,  fine  plants,  40«. 
per  100.    BOUVARDIAS,  in  eight  best  sorts,  good,  303.  per 
100.     TREE   CARNATIONS,  good  bushy  stnlf,  of  A.  Aleja- 
tiSre  (scarlet)  and  Miss  Joliffe  (best  pink),  30s.  per  100. 
W.   JACKSON.  Blaki'dowii.  near  Kidderminster. 


Camellias,  Azaleas,  Bhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

Sec.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent.  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Meisrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savag«  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.G. 

New  Roses  in  Pots. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  sorts  now  ready, 

Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA     and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality, 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in5-inch  pots,  carefully 

packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  15s. 
HALF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  8s. 
EWING  AND  CO., 
Sea  View  Nurseries,    Havant,    Hampshire. 


ORCHIDS. — A  Clergyman  in  the  Khassiah 
Hills.  Assam,  can  send  DENDROBIUMS,  CYPRIPEDI- 
UMS,  C(ELOGYNES,  VANDA  COCRULEA,  &c.,  at  reasonable 
rates.— Address,  The  CHAPLAIN.  ShiUong,  Assam,  India. 


Primula  diinenae,  11.  albo-pleno. 

DOUBLE  WHITE  P  R I  M  U  L  A.— 
From  small  pots,  30i'.  pfr  100;  from  pans,  pricked  off, 
well-rooted  cuttings,  20s.  Free  to  any  railway  station  in  the 
United  Kingdom.  Good  arrival  guaranteed.  Price  for  larger 
quantities  on  application. 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


PEACHES  1  NECTARINES  I  GRAPES  I  &c. 
— Highest  Market  Prices  guaranteed  for  really  good  and 
well  packedfruitof  above.— WISE  AND  BIDES,  Covent  Garden. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
North  Row,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STRAW- 
BERRIES, CHOICE  FLOWERS,  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily ;  Chequesweekly,  or  as  preferred 
by  Sender.    Baskets  and  Labels  supplied.    References  given. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 
NrRSKBYMKS,  Sidcup,  and  286,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market.    Covent    Garden,    W.C,    are    open    to    RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxesand  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address-"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 


w 


ANTED,         ASPIDISTRAS, 

in  quantity,  for  cash.    Apply, 
RICHD.  A.  YATES,  Brookland's  Hotel,  Sale,  Manchester. 

WANTED,  Large  PALMS,  TREE  FERNS, 
and  other  large  ORNAMENTAL  POLIAGED  PLANTS, 
in  EXCHANGE  for  ORCHIDS  or  OTHER  PLANTS.  Send  full 
particulars  to 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  COMPANY  (John 
Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries.  Garston, 
Liverpool. 


Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  &c. 

WHOLESALE      TRADE      CATALOGUE 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  appli- 
cation.   Low  prices.    First-class  bulbg. 

B.  J.  LOMANS,  Bulb  Grower,  Haarlem. 


E 


AST      LOTHIAN      STOCK, 

for  present  sowing.    Very  superior  strain.    Scotch 

saved.    Crimson,  Purple,  Scarlet,  and  W^hite. 

Crimson  and  White  Wallflower-leaved,  Is.,  2s.  6(^,  and  5s.  pkt. 

IRELAND  AND  THOMSON,  81,  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh. 

INEST      LILY      OF      THE      VALLEY 

CROWNS    for  Early  Forcing,   by    Gustav  A.   fciultz, 
Berlin.    For  price  write  to 

JACOB  AND  VALENTIN.  66.  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY. 
The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  lai 
buyers.     Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


Fancy  and  Show  Pansles  and  Violas. 

JOHN  DOWNIE  (late  of  the  Firm  of  Downie 
it  Laird)  invites  inspection  of  his  magnificent  collet-tiou 
of  the  above  at  his  Beechill  Nursery,  Murrayfield,  Edinburgh. 
Quality  only  grown. 


K 


ELWAY         AND         SON. 

KELWAY-S    "MODEL"    CALCEOLARIA. 
KELWAY'S    "MODEL"    CINERARIA. 
Price  of  Seed  on  application. 
Langport,   Somerset. 


A  Few  Large  Healtby 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chameerops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— 
Eighteenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  Is.  id.  per  dozen  ;  IDs.  per  100.  CINERASLIS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Volonte  Nationale  alba, 
the  best  winter  white  PELARGONIUM,  strong  rooted  plants, 
Is.  each. 

JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Tillies,  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now    ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.   SILBERRAD  AND    SON,  26,   Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

Begonias  a  Specialty. 

LAING'S  BEGONIAS.— Awarded  the  Jubilee 
Gold  Medal  at  Manchester,  and  two  Gold  Medals  by  the 
Royal    Horticultural    Society   previously,    also  26    First-class 
Certificates  this  season,  to  our  novelties,  being  evidence   of 
quality.     Descriptive  Price  LIST  free  on  application. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  The  Nurseri«s.  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

PRIMULA,    Double   White,    55.    per   dozen, 
35s.    per   100. 
Price  for  quantities  on  application. 
Terms,  Cash  witli  Order. 
TAYLOK  AND  CO.,  Nurserymen,  Timperley,  Cheshire. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

STRAVi'BERRIES  for  Forcing.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sampleof  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3rf.— W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.    J.    WELCH    begs   to    call    particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING     BOOKS,     ALVGAZINES,     CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING    PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  18S6. 
Addbess  :— 25,    Wellington    Street,    Strand,  London,    W.C, 


94 


THE     GABDENER8'     CIIBONIGLE. 


■  [3-01.1  23,  1^7. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Tuesday  Next. 

ORCHIDS    IN    FLOWER.— SPECIAL  SALE- 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and 
63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT.  July  26, 
at  half-pa.st  12  o'Clock  precisely,  about  300  lot3  of  ORCHIDS 
in  Flower,  forming  together  a  very  line  collection,  including 
the  following  :^ 
Cypripediura  Schroder! 
,,    Fairreanum 
,,    cardinale 
„    Veitchii 
Ooelogyne  Masaangeana 
C^ittleya    Gaskelliana,    grand 
specimen,  3  feet  across 
„    Trianoe,  specimen,  forty 
bulbj 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogi 


Maadevallia  racemosa  Crossii 

Mormodes  lusatum  Dormauia- 
num,  First-claaa  Certiftnate, 
Royal  Horticultural  Society 

Odontoglo33um  species 

Dendrobium    uobila    nobilius, 

Lteliaelegans,  fine  plant,  show 
shad. 


Friday  Next. 

ODONTOGLUSSUM  HARRYANUM. 
ONCIDIUM  POLLETTIANUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  at 
their  Ceutral  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside.  E.G.,  on 
FRIDAY  NEXT,  July  29.  at  Half-past  12  o'clock  precisely, 

A  quantity  of  this  magnificent  NEW  ORCHID  will  be 
offered,  and  may  now  be  considered  safe,  having  arrived  some 
weeks  since,  are  breaking  well.  Its  blossoms  are  large,  and  the 
•olouriug  indescribably  rich  and  beautiful,  it  is  evidently  a  free 
grower,  having  handsome  arching  foliage,  with  extremely 
diverse  pseudo  Dulb.i  from  which  abundant  variation  and  quite 
new  forms  may  be  expected.  It  is  one  of  the  grandest  intro- 
ductionsof  thecentury.  Describedintbe  Gardtners'  Chronicle^ 
October  14,  1886,  p.  486. 

At  the  same  time  will  be  offered  a  tine  healthy  plant  of  the 
OI^CEDIUM  POLLETTIANUM,  in  bloom.  It  is  extremely 
rdr«,  one  other  plant  only  existing  in  this  country. 

The  sale  will  include  a  tine  lot  of  SOPHRONITIS  GRANDI- 
FLORA,  SOPHRONITIS  CERNUA,  ONCIDIUM  LIMMING- 
HII,  CYRTOPODIUM  species,  EPIDENDRUM  species,  CATT- 
LEYA  VELUTLVA,  sound  healthy  pieces  of  CtELOOYNE 
SANDERIANA,  ONCIDIUM  CUCULLATUM  MACRO- 
CHLLUM,  and  many  other  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

CATTLEYA  SUi'ERliA  SPLENDENS  (true). 
A  •onsigumeut  from  Rio  Brauco,  and  the  Tcry  iinest  form  in 

OATTLEYA  WALLISII  and  ELDORADO  SPLENDENS. 
From  the  Orinoco  River. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on 
MONDAY  NEXT,  July  29,  at  half-past  12  oX'lock  precisely, 

The  above  splendid  CATTLEYAS  just  to  hand  per 
SB  Sobraense,  in  most  excellent  condition,  CATTLEYA 
SUPERBA  SPLENDENS  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
•ommon  superba  from  Demerara,  from  which  it  totally  differs  ; 
ita  flowers  are  much  larger,  and  of  a  deeper  and  far  more 
brilliant  hue.  It  is  one  of  the  veryliest  of  the  whole  genus, 
and  a  most  striking  and  grand  Cattleya.  It  is  of  easier  growth 
and  more  tloriferous  than  th«  common  superba ;  very  few  plants- 
of  this  handsome  form  exist  in  collections.  Cattleya  Eldorado 
splcndeiis  is  extremely  rare  in  its  native  habitat,  and  is-  a 
very  beautiful  species;  the  whole  flower  is  large  and  of  fine 
ahape;  sepals  and  petals,  rose;  Up,  deep  golden-yellow;  lower 
part  from  deep  rose  to  darkest  purple. 

The  Sale  will  include  other  valuable  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutcb  Bulbs. 

IMPORTANT  to  the  TRADE. 

TITESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 

ITA  desire  to  notify  that  thev  have  now  arranged  to  conduct 

their  usual  SAXES  of  D  UTCH  BULBS  during  the  coming  season. 

The  first  six  Sales  (as  in  former  years),  will  consist  of  lots 

spMially  made  up  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  Large  Buyers. 

Central  Auction  Itooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Thursday  Next,— (Sale  No.  7450.) 

VALUABLE     IMPORTED     OKCHIDS. 
CATTLEYA  LOBATA. 
CATTLEYA  DOVVIANA. 
CATTLEYA  MOSSLS:. 

MR,  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  July  28,  at  half-past 
13  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sunder,  a  splendid 
importation  of  CA  L'TLEYA  LOBATA,  just  received  from  the 
Brazils  in  excellent  order  and  condition,  with  sound  dormant 
eyes ;  a  tine  healthy  lot  of  C.  DOWLANA— plants  of  this  rare 
and  beautiful  Orchid  are  now  very  scarce  in  its  native  habitat. 
A  large  and  healthy  importation  of  C.  MOSSLE  will  also  be 
offered,  collected  in  the  best  district,  from  whence  come  the 
finest  varieties.  At  the  same  time  will  be  offered  ONCIDIUM 
BARCODES,  in  extra  condition;  CATTLEYA  SKINNERI, 
ONCIDIUM  MARSHALLIANUM.  ODONTOGLOSSUM  PUL- 
CHELLUM  MAJUS.  ONCLUIUM  VARICOSUM  ROGERSII, 
STANHOPEA  SPECIES,  ONCIDIUM  CHISPUM,  O,  PAPI- 
LIO  MAJUS,  and  many  other  OHCHLDS. 

On  view  the  morning  of  Sale,  and  Oatalogues  had. 


Herefordshire,  near  to  Malvern. 

To  GENTLEMEN  FRUIT  GKOWERS,  GAKUENEBS, 
and  Others. 
"  RIDQWAY  HOUSE  "  and  other  FREEHOLD  PROPERTY  in 
tlie  Parish  of  Cradley,  near  to  Malvern,  being  about  6  miles 
from  Malvern,  5  from  Colwall,  6  from  Bromyard,  and  10 
from  Worcester. 

MESSRS.  GATES,  PERRENS,  and  WOOLU- 
RIDGE  are  favoured  with  instructions  (unless  previously 
disposed  of  by  Private  Treaty)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  by  order 
of  the  mortgagee  of  the  late  Mrs.  Yapp,  at  the  Mart,  Pierpoint 
Street,  Worcester,  on  WEDNESDAY,  August  3,  1887,  at  4  for  5 
o'clock,  subject  to  conditions,  the  following  valuable  FREE- 
HOLD PROPERTIES,  viz.:— 

Lot  I.— "RIDGWAY  HOUSE,"  with  Gardens,  Hothouses, 
Cottage,  Orchard,  Outbuildings,  and  Appurtenances,  situate 
on  the  road  from  Worcester  to  Hereford,  and  comprising  an 
area  of  2  acres  and  20  perches,  in  the  occupation  of  Mr.  J.  W. 
WeUb.  The  House  stands  amidst  charming  scenery,  command- 
ing aplendid  views  of  the  Malvern  Range,  and  comprises  2 
Reception  Rooms,  6  Bedrooms,  and  suitable  Domestic  Offices. 
The  Hothouses  consist  of  a  large  Peach  House,  150  by  30  feet, 
with  span  roof ;  Fig  House,  33  feet  9  inches  by  15  feet  6  inches  ; 
long  range  of  Vineries,  150  by  18 feet,  in  three  divisions;  small 
CoB»ervatory  ;  Peach  Hou.se, adjoining  the  back  of  the  Dwelling 
House  ;  3  Forcing  Pit-j,  48  ft.  6  in.  by  8  ft.,  and  19  by  lu  feet 
respectively,  and  used  for  Toraatos;  Tomato  House,  83ft.  6  in. 
by  13  ft.  6  in.,  and  a  large  Workshop  with  glass  roof,  used  for 
growing  Peaches.  The  whole  of  the  Hothouses  and  Pits  are  of 
recent  erection,  in  good  order,  and  are  heated  with  a  complete 
system  of  Hotwater  Apparatus,  provided  with  Boilers  in  dupli- 
cate and  stack.  The  Soil  of  this  locality  has  been  proved  to  be 
especially  adapted  for  the  Growing  of  Grapes  and  Stone  Fruit, 
and  the  fruit  from  the  houses  on  this  lot  has  in  recent  years 
been  amongst  the  linest  tiiat  has  been  sent  to  the  London  and 
other  markets.  The  Vines,  Peaches,  Figs,  and  Tomatos  have 
all  been  very  carefully  trained  by  the  present  tenant,  and  there 
is  an  abundant  show  of  fruit.  The  Kitchen  Garden  is  well 
stocked  with  all  sorts  of  Vegetables  and  Fruit  Trees.  There  is 
also  a  CottageandsmallPaadockadjoiningthe  Kitchen  Garden, 
and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  are  Coach  House  and 
Stabling.  Cow  Sheds,  Lime  House,  Barn,  and  other  Out- 
buildings ;  also  a  small  Orchard. 

Lot  2.— a  4-room  COTTAGE,  with  Bakehouse,  also  a  large 
Garden  and  Field  of  Meadow  Land  and  Orchard,  comprising  in 
all  an  area  of  h  acres  and  21  perches,  situate  near  the  road  from 
Worcester  to  Hereford,  near  Lot  1,  and  let  to  Mr.  Griffiths  at  a 
rent  of  £18  per  annum.  This  Land  would  make  grand  Straw- 
berry Beds. 

For  particulars  and  further  information  apply  to  Messrs. 
CORSER  A>-D  WALKER.  Solicitors,  Stourbridge ;  or  the  Am-tio- 
neer^.  Angel  Place,  Worcester;  also  StoarbrJ-lL'.- :ni^l  Dmitwith. 


Hanwell 

FREEHOLD  DETACHED  RESIDENCE,  with  large  Garden 
and  eittenaive  Range  of  Glasshouses. — To  Nurserymen, 
Florists,  and  Others. — With  posseshioo. 

MR.  W.  A.  BLAKEMORE  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  "  Duke  of  York  "  Hotel,  Hanwell,  ou 
THURSDAY,  Augast  1,  at  B  tor  7  o'clock,  tlie  FREEHOLD 
detached  RESIDENCE,  Floral  Villa,  Boston  Road,  containing 
12  Rooms,  &c.,  large  Garden  in  the  rear  (small  part  leasehold), 
and  Ranges  of  Glasshouses  and  Forcing  Pita. 

May  be  viewed,  and  particulars  and  plans  had  of  E.  DRAPER, 
Esil.,.Solicitor,.1.  Vincent  Square,  Westminster;  at  the  placo 
of  Sala;  and  of  thti  Auctioni-er,  31,  Salisbury  Street,  Strand. 


WE     HAVE     DlSruSED     of     our    SEEH 
BUSINESS  to  Messrs.  J.  T.  To.MfKIss  &  Co.,  and  we 
now  thank  our  numerous  patrons  for  the  support  given  us. 
F.  S.\NDER  AND  CO.,  Orchid  Importers  and  Growers,  St.  Albans. 

FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imrie's 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-lnown  NURSERY 
BUSINESS  so  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 
Trees  and  Shrubs.  Further  particulars  on  application  to 
IMRIE    iXD  COMi'ANY.   The    Nurseries,   Ayr,    N.B. 


A  Bargain. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  in  one  lot,  as  a  going  concern, 
within  5J  miles  of  Manchester,  a  small  NURSERY,  four 
Plant  Houses  and  Fernery,  well  heated  ;  stock  ;  together  with 
Stable,  Horse,  and  Cart.  Good  Jobbing  Business  attached. 
Owner  accepted  a  position  in  America,  will  be  sold  for  £120 
cash  if  taken  at  once. 

Apply,  77,  Grosvenor Street,  Ashtou-uuder-Lyne. 

f'OR  SALE,  a  good  established  SEED  and 
NURSERY  BUSINESS  in  Yorkshire.  There  is  a  larje 
and  profitable  Farm  and  Market  Garden  Seed  Business  done, 
M  well  as  a  Branch  Shop  at  Scarborough.  To  a  practical 
business  man  with  capital  this  is  a  rare  opportunity.  If  not 
Disposed  of,  a  suitable  PARTNER  may  be  taken. 

For  full  particulars,  &c.,  address,  S.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son, 
Houndsditch,  London.  E.C;  or  to  BLACK  AND  DUQGLEBY, 
Malton. 

To  Cut  Flower  and  Fruit  Growers  and  Nurserymen. 
'■PU  BE  Sold  ui-  let,  a  capital  BUSINESS, 
-JL  in  the  best  part  uf  the  .Midlands,  (iood  House  and  Out- 
buildings, 3^  acres  of  Land,  and  about  6000  feet  of  Glasshouses, 
all  fully  stocked  and  in  full  profit — a  really  good  opening  for  a 
man  with  moderate  capital. — Apply  to  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

Kent,  near  Railway  Station. 

TO  BE  LET,  or  SOLD,  a  small  NURSERY, 
about  10  miles  from  London. 
C.E.B.,  Gai-rfCTcrs'MronidcOlBce,  ■U.W..llinKtouStreet,W.C. 

To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  abuut  13§  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Pliiislow,  situated  lu  tli.- Prince  Regent's 
Lane,  and  close  to  the  Barking  Road.     For  particulars  apply  to 
Messrs.  CHILTON,  9.  Whitehall  Place.  S.W. 

To  Florists,  &c. 

TO  LET,  7,  14,  or  21   years,  a  compact  and 
profitable    NURSERY     BUSINESS.      Old    established. 
Quantity  of  Glass.    Seven  miles  Covent  Garden.    Four  Cot- 
tages.     Very  low  rent.    Main    road.      Exceptional    circum- 
stances.   £60  only  required.    Immediate  possession. 
R.  BIGGS,  The  Nurseries,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

LORIST  and  FRUITERER,  one  of  the  finest 

I^iositions  ever  met  with — near  railway  station  and  iu  main 
road.  This  is  gi'Tiuin.-,  and  uiily  wants  seeing.  Leaving  only 
through  ill-healtli.     i:,."i.i  Iimiiicss. 

;ui,  Mnvv  Slrcet,  Hackney,  E. 


THE    NURSERY   AND   SEED    TRADE 

ASSOCIATION    (Limited). 


RATING     OF     NURSERIES. 

AT  a  MEETING  of  NURSERYMEN  and 
MAKKET  GARDENERS  held  on  June  28,  1887,  at  the 
Horticultural  Club,  London,  it  was  decided  to  take  such  steps 
as  might  be  necessary  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  reduction 
in  the  amounts  at  which  Nurseries  and  Market  Gardens  are 
assessed,  and  also  of  obtaining  a  basis  on  which  such  as.sess- 
ments  should  be  made.  A  Committee  was  formed  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  this  into  effect,  and  a  Guarantee  Fund  was 
started  to  meet  the  necessary  expenses.  The  Committee  at 
present  consist  of  Mr.  Beer  (Worthing),  Mr.  Bennett  (Shep- 
perton),  Mr.  Bunyard  (Maidstone),  Mr.  Daniels  (Daniela 
Brothers,  Norwich),  Mr.  Hatnes  (Penge),  Mr.  HORSMIU 
(Bradford).  Mi.  Lowe  (Uxbridge).  Mr.  Pearson  (Chilwell), 
Mr.  Shaumah  (Carter  &  Co.,  London),  Mr.  Veitch  (Veitch 
&  Sons,  Chelsea),  Mr.  J.  Wood  Isgbam  (Huntingdon),  and 
H.  Turner  (Slough).  Gentlemen  who  are  willing  to  join  the 
Committee  or  to  Subscribe  to  the  Guarantee  Fund  (such 
guarantee  not  to  exceed  £10)  will  please  communicate  with  the 
Secretary,  .Mr.  F.  C.  GOODCHILD,  25,  Old  Jewry,  London,  E.C. 

EAT,  LOAM,  SAND,  &o.— Splendid  Brown 

Fibrous  PEAT  (full  of  fibre),  9s.  per  yard  ;  Yellow  Fibrou> 
LOAM  (best  in  England),  10s.  per  ton  ;  SILVER  SAND  (coarse 
and  fine),  10s.  per  ton.      Each  in  truckloads.     COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE  REFUSE,  20s.  per  large  truckload.    Send  for  List. 
BRENKWOKTH  and  SONS.  Reading. 


T?RUIT  for  SALE.— ORCHARD  over  2  acres  : 

X      APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS,    Morcllo   CHERRIES,   and 
WALNUTS— all  best  kinds  ;  ID  miles  from  City. 

Address  ORCHARD,  at  Horncastlc's.  Cheapside.  E.C. 


C  A  R  T  E  R  S' 

BRILLIANT  PRIZE  QINERARIA. 


Silver  Medal  Royal  Botanic 

Bank^ian     Medal.     Royal 

Horticultural  Society... 

Extra   and    St-cund    Prize, 

■rystal  I'ula. 


Large  Bronze  Medal,  Royal 

Botanic  Society 1884 

Banksian     Medal,     Royal 

Horticultural  Society ...     1884 
Banksian     Medal,     Royal 

Horticultural  Society  ...     1885 

LarpeBron/.e  Medal, Ro^-al  Botanic  Society 1885 

FINK.ST  MlXKl)  SKED,  containing  Every  Shade  of  Colour. 

Price  Is.  6d.,  2a.  6d.,  3s.  6d.  &  5s.  pkt.,  post-free. 


Que 


'  H.R.H.  THE 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


<;AMUEL  SHEPFKRSON,  Florist,  Prospect 

0  House,  Belper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  the  following,  of 
which  he  makes  a  Specialty  : — 

PRLMULAS  — PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.  — Grand  Premier 
Prize  and  Covent  Garden  strains  of  the  linest  new  colours,  as 
Pure  White,  Carmine,  Rose,  Salmon,  Crimson,  &c.  Fine  large 
truwea  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers  ;  strong  pIant.->,  to  bloom 
well,  ls.3rf.  perdoz;  extra  strong,  li.  6rf. ;  95.  per  100.    All  free. 

CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS.  —  Bull's 
celebrated  prize  etrain,  dwarf,  compact  habit  and  most 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants. 
Is.  .3d  per  dozen;  extra  strong.  Is.  6d. ;  9s.  per  100.     All  free. 

CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN.  —  Same  grand 
atrain  and  from  the  same  celebrated  growers  that  I  have  sent 
out  for  the  last  twenty  yeara,  but  with  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit.  I  year  old  plants,  Is.Gd. 
per  dozen;  extra  strong,  2s. ;  lOs.  pirlOO.  All  carriage  free. 
SAMUEL  SHKPPKRNON,  Florist,  Pro^poct  House,  Belper. 

Sow  Now  for  Early  Flowering  in  Spring. 

R()KMKU\S    SUrEUlJ     i'la/K     I'ANSIES. 
l-:^  The  finest  strain  of  Pansie.s  iu  the  world.   ^ 
CATALOGUE  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 
FRIEDR.  ROEMER,  Seed  Grower,  Quedlinburg,  Germany. 

A  LADY,  having  no  further  use  for  a  Stove, 
wishes  to  DISPOSE  OF  the  undermentioned  SPECIMEN 
PLANTS;— 1  Clerodendron  splendens,  1  Allamanda  Hender- 
soni,    1    Dipladenia    boliviensis,     1    Jasminum    gracilHmum, 

1  Asparagus  plumosus  nanus,  8  Clerodendron  Balfourii,  1  Me- 
diuilla  niagnifica,  3  Stephanotis  floribunda,  3  Pandanus 
VeiU-hii,  3  Hymenocallis  macrostephana,  3  Cocos  Weddelliana, 
I  Cissus  discolor,  3  Pancratium  fragrans,  2  Ardisia  crenulata, 
1  Gymnogramma  Alstoni,  1  G.  peruvianum,  1  Ixora  Colei, 
60  Caladiums,  named,  including  several  new  varieties.  Also 
small  plants  of  Crotons,  Dracaenas,  and  Plumbago  coceinea 
superba.  -Full  particulars  can  be  had  by  ajiplyiug  to  GAR- 
DENER, Ospringe  House.  Faversham,  Kent. 


"HARTLAND'S"  Irish  Grown  DAFFODILS. 

CORK,  IRELAND. 

"Bulbs  and  Lists  now  ready.    Wholesale  and  Retail  CUfers. 

GRAND     BULBS     of     "GIANT     IRISH     PRINCEPS." 

for  Forcing.     Grown  on  miiiden  loam. 


SUTTON'SSEEDS 

GENUINE  ONiy  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


July  25,  1887.] 


THE     OARDENEBS'     Off  RON  I  CLE. 


95 


GARDENERS'     ORPHAN     FUND. 

FIFTH  LIST. — Donations  and  Subscriptions  already/  Promised  or  Sent. 


Lessels,  J.,  Grdnr.,  Aqualate  Hall,  Newport,  Salop 
Lanatlell,  J.,  Gardener,  Barkby  Hall,  Leicester  ... 
Lancaster,  A.,  Gardener,  Holkhom  Hall.  Norfolk... 
Little,   J.,   The  Lodge.    Haymau's  Corner,  West 

Derby,  Liverpool     

Lee,  J.,  Gardener,  Clifton  Castle,  Bedale 

Lees,  J.,  Gardener,  Glen  Grant,  Rothes,  Morayshire 
Lye,  It.,  Gardener,  Sydmonton  Court.  Newbury  ... 
Lindsay,  H.,  Gardener,  Huutroydo  Park,  Burnley 
Legs.  J-.  Gardener,  Walton  House,  Warwick 

Lynch,  R.  J.,  Botanic  Garden,  Cambridge 

Leslie.  J..  Gardener,  Pitcnllen  House,  Perth 

Lane,  J.,  Seedsman,  Palgrave,  near  Diss     

Manning,  R.,  Gardener,  Old  Manor  House,  Acton 
Matthews,  J.,  Gardener,  Burford,  Tenbury 
Morris,  D.,   Gardener,  Acacia  Park,  Long  Cross, 

Chertsey         

Melville,  D.,  Grdnr..  Dunrobin  Castle.  Golspie,  N.B 
Mcintosh,  D.  W.,  The  Gardens,  Glencomiac.  Bray 

Wicklow         

Mcintosh,   A.  C,   Gardener,  Glencormack,  Bray, 

Wicklow         

Mulyneujc.  E.,  Gardener,  Swanmoro  Park,  Bishop's 

Waltham       

Marehant.  W..  Gardener,  Cliff  House,  Sandgate  ... 
Moffatt.  J..  Gardener,  Nuttield  Priory.  Redhill     ... 
Mackenzie,  W.  A.,  Gardener,  Dindeii  House,  Wells 
Morgan,  C,  Gardener,  Oak  Lawn,  Weybride 
McAdam,  W.,  Grdnr.,  Aucheu  Castle,  Motfatt.N.B 
Moore.  F..  Gardener.  Blandon  Hall.  Beiley 
McKelvie,  J..  Gardener,  Leadenliam,  Grantham  .. 
McDonald.D., Gardener,  The  Grange,  Totteridge,N 
McNave.  J.,  Gardener,  Ham  Hall,  Ashbourne, 
Murray,  G.,  Grdnr.,  West  Ashby  Manor,  Horucastlt 
Myatt,  J..  Grdnr.,  Barlaaton  Hali,  Stoke-on-Trent 

McAustin.  D.,  Brodrick  Castle.  Buteshire 

Maltby,  J.,  Gardener,  Denton  Manor,  Grantham  ... 
Miles,  J.,  8,  Dudley  Villas,  PortswooJ  Road,  South- 
ampton   

McKenzie,  T.,    Gardener,    Ballechin,    Ballinling. 

Perth.  N.B 

Mansfield,  G.,  Gardener,  Fairchild,  Warlingham, 

McKay,  A.,  Gardener,  Luckuam,  Chippenham      ... 

Maynard,  G.  C,  Gardener,  Cole  Orton  Hall,  Ashby- 
de-la-Zouch  

Merritt,  J.,  Gardener,  Watersfield  Towers,  Pul- 
borough  

Mitchell.  H.,  Gardener,  Aberaman  Park,  Aberdare 

Mackenzie,  D..  Gardener,  C'harboro'  Park,  Ware- 
ham.  Dorset      

Martin,  T.  H.,  Gardener,  Eastbury  Park,  Blandford 

Milford,  G.,  Gardener,  Egerton  Lodge,  Melton 
Mowbray         ...         

Maeers,  J.,  Gardener,  Marazion,  Cornwall 

Martin,  G..  Gardener,  Stockwood  Park,  Luton      .. 

McVinish,  A.,  Gardener.  Lockiugton  Hall,  Derby 

McNichol.  J.  H.,  Gardener.  North  Mymms  Park 
Hatfield  

Merritt,  G.,  Gardener,  Kempton  Hoo,  Welwyn     .. 

-»,_.., ,..     ^,  .  ..      ,       ,  Sandriugham,  King'! 


,  W.,  The  Garden 


Morley,  G.,  Gardener,  Tranby  Croft,  Hull 

May,  J.,  7.  Grosvenor  Terrace,  Cbiswick 

McLean,  D.,  Gardener,  Government  House,  Isle  of 

Milne.  J.,  Gardener,  Haselbeck,  Northampton 
Matheson,  D.,  Gardener,  Meiklour  House,  Perth  .. 
Middletou,  R.,  Gardener,  Exbury  House,  Exbury, 

Southampton  ...         

VIethven,  A.,  Gardener,  Pilaw  House,  Chester-le- 

Street  

^leadow,  L.  M.,  Tlie  ChStelet,  Horley,  Surrey 
Hann,  W.,  The  Close,  Charlbury,  Oxfordshire      ... 
viouland.  F.,  The  Tower  Lodge.  Belvedere  Park 

Kent 

Jortimer,  Mrs.,  W 
vfacpherson,  D.,  Li 

-Iclndoe.  J.,  Hutton  HaU.  Guisboro'  

lartin,    W..     26,     Merthyr    Terrace,    Castlevan. 

Barnes,  Surrey        

laher,  R.,  Gardener.  Yattendon  Court,  Newbury 
IcCuUum,    J.,    Gardener,    Knotley   Hall,    Leigh. 

Tunbridge 
fewcomb,  J.,  Gardener,  Hatch  Park,  Taunton     \\. 

(ewtou.  J  ,  Gardener,  Inner  Temple,  E.C 

fixon,  G.,  Gardener.  Easton  Hall,  Grantham      ... 
feve,  E.,  Grdnr.,  Binley  Priory,  Great  Stanmore 
Ucol,  J.,  Gardener,  Hornby  Castle,  Bedale... 
lelbams,  Thomas  G.,  1,  Willow  Cottages,  Cbiswick 
'sborne,  T.,,Grdnr.,  Wilton  House,  Southampton 
'dell,  J.  W.,  Gardener,  Barrow  Point,    Pinner 
Tchard,  C,  Gardener,  Coombe  Ridge,  KingstonL' 
aimer.  E.,  Gardener.  Hagley  Hall,  Stourbridge... 
riuce.  R..  Grdnr..  Bladon  House,  Burton-on-Trent 
enfold,T.N.,Grdr..BeddingtonHou.^e.Beddington 
epper,  W..  Gardener.  Tewin  Water,  Welwyn    ... 
ratt, S.,  Grdnr.,  Waverley  Abbey, Earnham, Surrey 
arrott,  H.  J..  Gardener,  Swift  House,  Bicester  ... 
entqn,  J.,  Gardener,  Gratley,  Andover      ... 
owell.  D.  C.  Grdnr..  Powderham  Castle,  Exeter  . 
hillips.  B.,  Ladgrove.  NewBamet ...       "... 
etttgrew.  A.,  Garener,  Cardiff  Castle,  Cardiff 
■inder,  A.,  The  Abbey  Gardens.^Kensington.  W..." 
iorter.  A..  Gardener,  Woodlawn,  Co.  Galway 
liDson.J.,  Grdnr.,  Willey  Park,  Brosele,  Shropshire 


Picker,  G.,  Gardener,  Branston  Hall.  Lincoln 
Penfold,  C.  Gardener,  Leigh  Park,  Havant 
Palmer,    W.,   The    Gardens,    SaudrinKham    Hall 

King's  Lynn 

Parks,  W..  Fernside,  Bickley 

Phipps,  W.,  Gardener,  Bowood,  Calne         

Prince,  F.,  Gardener,  Dartrey.  Co.  Monnghan 
Powell,  J.,  Gardener,  Ilsington  House,  Dorchester 
Pilcher,  H.  W.,  Gardener,  AUbury  House,  Surbitou 

Hill  Road.  Kingston-on-Thames 

Porter.  F.,  The  Gardens.  Tranby  Croft,  Hull 
Portnell.  T.,  Gardener,  Beaufort  Park,  Haati-ngs. 
Perry,  F.,  Gardener.  Pen  Pole,  Shirehampton 
Pinnington,  R.,  Gardener,  Blacklow  House,  Boby, 

Liverpool        

Parish,  H.,  Gardener, Thome's  House,  Wakefield  ... 
Roberts,  C,  Gardener,  Highfield  Hall.  Leek 
Rand.  W.  H.,  Grdnr.. Coombe  Cliffe  House,  Croydon 
Rennie,  J.,  Gardener,  Cahir  Park,  Co.  Tipperary... 
Rampton,  S.,  Grdnr,.  Redenham  Gardens,  Andover 

Roche,  A..  Gardener,  Cossy  Hall,  Norwich 

Roberta.  W,,  Gardener,  Lewyngwern  Hall,  Pant- 

perthog  

Rogers,  T,,  Gardener;  Frimley  Park,  Farnborougli 

Station.  Hants  

Richards,  G.  H.,  Grdnr,,  Sowerby  Park,  Ringwood 

Rowland,  H..  Selsfield,  East  Grinstead        

Roberts,  J,,  Gardener,  Tan-y-Bwlch.  Merioneth  ,., 
Rushton,  W.,  Grdnr.,  Clerwood;  Corstorphine,  N.i3. 
Robinson,W.,Grdr.,Ramp.sbeck.Ull8water,  Penrith 
Russell.  J..  Grdnr.,  Kirkby  Hall.  Hinckley,  Leicester 
Rose.  H.,  Gardener,  Grangemuir.  Pittenweem.Fifc 
Reid,  W.,  Gardener,  Cortachy  Castle,  Kirriemuir, 

Forfar 

Russell,  F,,  Gardener,  Woodlands,  Fairwile,  Cob 

Reynolds,    J.,    Gardener,    Netley    Castle,    Netlej 

Abbey.  Southampton         

Riches,  M.,  Gardener,  Boyland  Hnll,  Long  Swat- 
ton,  Norfolk 

Rowls,  G.,  Gardener,  Mickleham  Downs,  Dorking 
Rafferty,    Gardener,    Castleforbes,    Newtonforbes, 

Co.  Longford 

Read,  A.,  Gardener,  Grittleton  House,  Chippenham 
Raffiel,  C„  Gardener,  Lo%v  Hill,  Buahbury,  Wolv 

hampton        

Russell,  J.,   Gardener,   Poltalloch,  Lochgilphead, 

Argyle 

Ross,  H.,  Grdnr.,  Dalrhouzie,  Comrie.  Crieff,  Perth 
Real,  O.,  Gardener,  Shotesham  Park.  Norwich 
Southgate,  H.,  The  Gardens,  Thorpe  Perrow,  Bedale 
Sedgwick,  S.,  The  Gardens,  Thorpe  Perrow,  Bedale 
Scott.  R.,  Grdnr.,  Moofield,  Manuingham,  Bradford 
Sraythe,  W.,  Gardener,  Basing  Park,  Alton 
Stagg,  C..  Gardener.  Woodhurst,  Crawley.., 
Swift.  H.,  Gardener.  Balrath  Bury.  Kells.  Co.  Meath 
Shingles,  T.,  Gardener,  Tortworth  House.  Gloucester 
Smith,  D,,Grd,.SaltonHall,Pencaitland,E.Lothiai 
Spottiswood,  J,.  Gardener,  Queen's  Park,  Brightoi 
Staple,  G.,  Gardener.  Glapwell,  Chesterfield 
Smith,  C,  Gardener,  Upton  House.  Tetbury 
Stanton.  W.,  Grdnr.  to  Henry  Smith,  Esq..  Chiawicl 
Swannick,  J.,  Gardener,  Sherwood  Lodge,  Notts... 
Smith,  B..  The  Gard^^ns.  Highfield  Hall.  Leek       ., 
Sail,  A.,  The  Gardens,  Highfield  Hall,  Leek 
Speed,  W.,  Gardener,  Penrhyn  Castle.  Bangor     .. 
Spriggs,  T.  O.,  Grdnr.,  Dunbar  House.  Teddingto] 
Swallow.  G.,  War  Office,  Bamford,  Rochdale 
Smith.  T.,  Gardener,  Papworth  Hnll,  St.  Ives      .. 
Seward,  J.  R,,  Gardener,  HawksfoUl.  Haslemere.. 

Summers.  S.,  R,H,S.  Gardens,  Cliiswick 

Sendall.  J.  G..  Grdnr..  Brundall.  Btofield.  Norfolk 
Sully,  C,  Gardener.  Fairfield.  Bridgewater 
Stewar,  J.,  Grdnr.,  Langford  Park.  Mnldon.  Essex 
Skiach,  N.  C,  Molhince,  Castle  Douglas,  N.B.  ... 
Stroms,  W.,  Grdnr.,  Walton  Grange.  Stone,  Staffs. 

Sheppard,  W.,  Birkfield,  Ipswich      

Selfe,  T..  Russell  Mill,  Market  Lavington 

Saunderson,  J,.  Gardener,  Bodnaut  Hall,  Egylws- 

bach,  Denbigh  

Sage,  G..  Gardener,  Belton,  Grantham  .^.•'  i,. 
Swanborough,  W.  H.,  Grdnr.,  Doneraile.  Co.  Cork 

Sandford,  E.,  Gardener.  Dale  Park.  Arundel        " ' 

Salter.  C.  J.,  Gardener.  Selborne,  Streafh;im 
Sawford,  R.  F.,  Gardener,  Dauesbury,  Welwyn    ... 
Seers,  F.  W.,  Grdnr.,  OEfchurch,  Bury,  Leamington 
Sutton.  W.,    Gardener.  Ashley  Park,  Walton-on- 

Thaffies  

Sutton,  W.,  Gardener,  Pain's  Hill.  Cobham 
Stephens,  H,,  Gardenar,  Lyne  Ruspcr,  Horsham... 
Spillaker,  J.,  Gardener,  Launde  Abbey;  Lf  cesber  . 
Simmons,  J..  Carclew.  Perranarworthal,  Cornwall 
Seaton,  T.,  Gardener,  AntrimCiistle,  Arilrioi'  ... 
Shoesmith,  H.,  QftrdeneV,  Saltwood,  Hythe  '  •,,; 
Strand,  R.,  Gardener,  Dune  Hill,  Canterbury  \,'. 
Shaw,  S.  S.,  Grdnr..  The  Rookery.  Royston.  Cambs. 
Smale,  H.,  Gardener.  Ringwood,  Chesterfird 
Smith,  E.,  Gardener,  Rockville,  Waterloo.  Cosham, 

Hants „     -i 

Stevens,  R.,  Grdnr.,  Cecil  Lodge,  Attbots  Langley, 

Herts -...         

Squires.  W.,  The  Gardens.  Warren  ^y^O"^*  Hatfield 
Shute,  J.,  The  Gardens,  PalmerstoWii.  Straffan  ,,. 
Stevens,  R.,  Gardener.  Cecil  Lodge,  Abbots  Langley 
Sheddick,  J.  C,  The  Gardens,  'ftauby  Croft,  Hull 
Tegg.  J.,  Gardener,  Bearwood,  Wokingham 


Thorns,  J,,  Grdnr.,  West  Grinstead  Park,Horsfii 
Tait,  J,.  Gardener,  Dovenby  Hall,  Cockermouth 
Thornhill,  W,,  Gardener,  Bignell,  Bicester 
Tapping.  C,  Gardener.  Gunnersbury  Lodge,  Acton 
Taylor,  E.  G.,  Grdnr.,  Granbury  Park,  Winchester 

Taylor,  A..  Broom  Hill.  West  Hartlepool 

Turton,  T.,  Gardener,  The  Gardens,  Maiden  Erlegh, 


King- 


Thorne,  P.,  Ashgrove,.SeTenoaks      

Tavemer,  J.,  Gardener,  Woolmer,  Liphook 
Tolley,  C,  Gardener,  Cowley  Manor,  Cheltenham 
Turner,  T.  P.,  Rivercourt  Nursery,  Hammersmill 
Taylor.  S, ,  Grdnr.,  Loughcrew,  Oldcastle.  Co.  Meath 
Thompson,  R.,  Grdnr..  Garvald,  DolphintoD.  N.B 
Trevor.    J.    S.,    Gardener,     Bryngwyn,    Bwlch-y- 

ciban,  Montgomeryshire    ...         ,,,         

Thorne,  F.  J,,  Gardei  er,  Suuningdale  Park,  Sun- 

Dingdale 
Turner,  J.,  Gardener,  Courtown.  Gorey,  Ireland,.. 
Terry,  J.,  Gardener,  Sandhills,  Bletchinj^; 
Timms.  J..  Gardener,  King's  End.  Bicesto. 
Thomson.  W.  P.,  3,  Betgrave  Terrace,  Ch;       '  ' 
Thomas.    R.,   The   Gardens,  Sandringhat 

Tidy,  W.,  Grdnr.,  Stanmore  Hill,  Great  Stanmore 
Throssell,  J.,  Gardener,  Old  Chilwell,  Notts 

Tayler.W.,  Edenside,  Kelso 

Timson,  J..  New  Sowerby,  Grantham,  Lincoln  .. 
Umpleby,  J.,  Gardener,  Bolnore.  Hayward's  Heatli 
Underwood,  G.  W.,  Grdnr.,  High  Firs.  Harpendet 
Upton,  C,  The  Gardens,  Castle  Upton,  Tempi- 
Patrick,  Ireland       

Vine,  J.  W.,  Gardener,  Oak  Park,  Tralee,  Kerry.. 
Valentine,  G.  W.,  Gardener,  Bell  Hall.  Stourbridge 
Vickery.    H,,    Gardener,    Huntsmoor    Park,    ' 

Vallance,  J.  H.,  Gardener,  Redland   Lodge,  Bristol 

Vallance,  G,  D.,  Gardener,  Tresco  Abbey,  Isles  ol 
Scilly 

Watford.  J,,  Gardener.  Mountford  House  Gardens, 
Su  nbu  ry 

Woodton,  J.,  Gardener,  Redgrave  Hall,  Boteadale 
Diss      

Wise.  W.,  Gardener,  Arlington  Court.  Bamstapl. 

Waggstaffe,  T..  Gardener,  Amberley  Court.  Nails 
worth,  Gloucestershire      

Waterworth.  A,,  Gardener.  Irwell  Bank.  Eccles  .. 

Woodgate.  G.,  Gardener,  Warren  House,  Coombt 
Wood,  Kingston       

Whalley,  W.,  Gardener,  Addiugton  Park,  Croydon 

Wiles,  E.  S.,  Gardener.  Edgcote,  Banbury 

Williams,  W.,  Gardener,  Stratheam  House,  Lea- 
mington   , 

Ward,  H.  W.,  Gardener.  Longford  Castle,  Salisbi  ry 


Gardener.  Devonhurst,  Chii 

Gardener,    Henwick     Grange, 


Wright 
Webbei . 

Worcester 

Ward,  E.,  Gardener,  Hewell,  Bromsgrovc 

West,  R..  Gardener,  Northlands,  Salisbury 
Webster,  W.,  Gardener,  Kenyon  Hall.  Manchostet 
West.    A.     M.,    Gardener.    Hoathly    Hill.    Wesf 

Hoathly,  East  Grinstead 

Wilkinson,     W.,    Gardener,     Elloughton     Lodge, 

Brough,  East  Yorkshire 

Weller,  W.,  Gardener.  Forest  Mere,  Liphook 

Wadds,  B..  Gardener.  Birdsall,  York 

Williams.     J.,     Gardener,     Penwartham     Priory, 

Preston.  Lancashire  

Wilson,  A.,  Gardener,  Bourton  House,  Shrivenhani 
Webster,  J..  Grdnr.,  Gordon  Castle,  Fochabers. N.B 
Wooderson.  A.  G..  May  Place  Road,  Bexley  Heath 
Woodfield.  W.,  Gardener,  St.  Bride's,  Little  Haven, 


WilliB 


South  Wales.. 


,  D.,  Grdnr.,  Canford  Manor,  Wimborne 


Webster,  W.,  Grdnr.,  Carpenders.  Watford,  Hert? 
Waters,  A.,  Gardener,  Farington  House,  Preston  . 
Williams,  C,  Gardener.  Lower  Eaton,  Hereford  .. 
Wilkes,  J.,  Gardener,  Creswell  Hall,  Stafford  ... 
Williams,  T.,  Gardener,  GaywoodHall,  Lynn  ... 
Wood,  H.,  Gardenet,  Bosworth  Park,  Hinckley  ... 
Wild,  J.,  Gardener,  Sandringham,  King's  Lynn  ... 
Worsfold,  J.  W.,  Grdnr.,  Hatfield  Hall,  Wakefield 
Winman,  W.,  Gardener.  Hickleton,  Doncaster  ... 
Whitaker,  W.,  Gardener,  Crewe  Hall,  Crewe 
White,  G.,  Gardener,  Longstow  Hall,  Cambs. 
Wilson,  E..  Gardener.  Hardwick  Hall,  Chesterfield 
White,  E..  Grdnr.,  Glencormac,  Bray,  Co.  Wicklow 
Wells,  J.,  Gardener,  Fernhill,  Windsor.  Berks  .. 
Walker.  T.,  Gardener,  Hexworthy,  Launceston  ... 

Wakely,  R.,  Ponsandani  Lodge,  Penzance 

Wills,  E.,  Grdnr.,  The  Firs,  Eassett,  Southampton 
Walker,  J..  Gardener,  Broomhall  Field,  Sheffield.. 
Williams.  J.,  Grdnr.,  Smedmore,  Wareham,  Dorset 
Wilson,  E.,  Gardener,  Nascott,  Watford  ,  ... 
Welsli,  W..  Gardener;  Knowle  H-all,  Chobham      .. 
Webber. —,Lowther  Castle     ... 
Winkworth.  T..  Grdnr..  Childwall  Hall,  Liverpool 
Walters.  R.,  Gardener,  Tynte^fie^(I.  Bristol 
Young",  W.,  Barton  Court  Gardens,  Kintbury,  Buck.- 
Young  Men,  Elsham  Hall,  Brigg 

,,     Burehley  Gardens,  Stamford 

-,,     Gordon  Castle        ...■        

,,     Vale  Royal,  Northwich,  Cheshire        

„     Bank  Hall  Gardens,  Burnley 

..     Aldenham  Park  Gardens,  Elstree,  Herts      ... 
Yeats.  J.,  Gardener,  Grosvenor  Park,  Chester 


Further  Donations  and  Subscriptions  loill  be  thankfully  received  by 
A.  F.  BAE.RON,  Honorary  Secretary,  rfoYAL   HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY'S  GARDENS,  CHISWICK,  LONDON,  W, 


96 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JcLT  28.  1887. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NTJT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25s. ;  truck  (loo^e.  about  2  tons), 
40s. ;  4-bushel  bags,  4rf.  each. 

LIGHT  BKOWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  6rf.  per  Back ;  6  sacks, 
26s.  ;  sacks,  id.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  6  sacks,  22s. ;  sacks, 
id.  each. 

COAKSE  SILVER  SAND.  Is.  M.  per  bushel:  15s.  per  half 
ton ;  26s.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANUHES,  (iARDEN  STICKS.  VrRGIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CrOTH  1  USSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H    O    iil.'XTH,  F.B.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 


La.. 


■  V  calfed  i7A,  Coal  Yard),  *.C. 


THE       ACME 


,i^S*^^^^« 


Safe  and  Sure. 
WEE  I    KILLER,  for  destroying  Weeds  . 


I  Carriage  Drives, 

u,„.^.,  Walks,  Stable  Yards,  £c.  Prices;  Per  gallon,  2s., 
tins  included ;  5  gallons.  Is.  M.  per  gaUon  ;  10  gallons.  Is  id. 
per  gallon.  Special  quotations  for  larger  quantities.  One 
gallon  makes  26  gallons. 

WORM-KILLER,     for    eradicating    worms    from    Tenuis 
Courts,    Laiviis,    imd    I'li.uls    in    Puts.     Prices;     In    bottles 

Is.  '.id.  and  2s.  i»/  ;  li.r  f;;ill ''x. 

KENTISH    GARDEN    MANURE. 
T-,,H  V[\|.x    II  WTS   IS   rms,  VEGETABLES,  &c. 

;,,,,    ,1,,,   \,,.,  ,    Ml     I;,  ni.ir.l  Dyer,  B.Sc,  F.C.S., 

p  I  ( ■  I  .  .,  1  II  1 1.1,1  I :  \  I  I  I  1 1 1  I  111'  I'lssex,  Devon,  Notts, 
.,,,,1  , ,  I  I  N      'il\  recommended.     The 


;w,.  i< 


28  lb.,  7s.  6<l.:  ditto,  1  cwt.,  2.-.     Si.tmi.I.-  Iiii.  ."7..  l.ost-free. 
THE    KENTISH    SOLUBLE    MANURE. 
For  use  in  Oonservatorie,  and  on    PLnil.-.  u.  rooms.     No  dis- 
agreeable smell.     A  perfect  plant  food.     In  tins,  'id.,  9d.,  and 
2°  :  in  bags,  containing  28  lb..  7s.     Sample  tin,  posMree,  6i(. 

KENTISH    LAWN    FERTILISER. 

Imparts    permanent    improvement    to    LAWNS,     C:RICKET 

UKUUNDS,  &c.    28  lb.,  6s. ;  66  lb.,  8s.  id. ;  1  cwt.,  16s. 

THE    "INVICTA"    INSECTICIDE. 

Fur  destroying  insects  and  parasites  on  Plants  and  Trees, 

such  as  mealy-bug,  scale,  thrips,  red  spider,  American  blight, 

&c.    In  tins.  Is.  6d.  and  2s.  id;  per  gallon,  9s.    Small  tins 

m.ike  upwards  of  14  gallons  of  wash. 

THE    "INVICTA"    MILDEW    DESTROYER. 
An  unfailing  remedy  for 


In  til 


and; 


THE  AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY, 

KJ.MiRlDGE.     KENT. 
Sold    by    Seedsmen   and    I  lotists. 

Address,  H.  A.  GRINIIROD,  Tollbridge. 

myocoFfly~gum. 

Catches  FLIES,  MOSQUITOS,  WASPS,  Stc. 

Sample  Box,  Post-free  for  Is. 

T.  CHRISTY  &  (.'( ».,  l-Ti,  l.ime  St.,  London,  E.G. 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

SEALED  BAGS  ONLY, 

7  lb.       14  lb.      28  lb.       66  lb.        1  cwt. 

2/6    4/6   7/6  12/6   20/- 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE   MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,    LONDON,    B. 


CARTERS' 

VICTORIA  PRIZE  CALCEOLARIA. 

AWARDED 

First  Prize   (open  to  Eng- 
land), Crystal  Palace     ...  1883 

The    Second    Prize,    Royal 
Horticultural  Society    ...  1685 

The  Extra    Prize,    Crystal 
Palace        1884 

Bronze  Medal,    Royal    Bo- 
tanic Society        1884 

Large  Bronze  Medal,  Royal 
Botanic  Society 1883 

Banksian     Medal,      Royal 
Horticultural  Society    ...  1883 

The  Silver  Medal,  Ceylou...  1887 
FINEST    MIXED    SEED. 

Price  Is.  6d.,  2b.  6d.,  3s.  6d.,  &  Bs.  pkt.,  post-ftee. 


Seeds.\5 


II. M. 


ll.K.II. 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


QA   i\{\{\    CLEMATIS,   in   Pots,   of   all   the 

OUijUV/V'  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  Scinch  pots,  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHAKD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Mer(;hant3,  Worcester. 

EAST   LOTHIAN   INTERMEDIATE   STOCKS. 

THUMAb  METHVEN  and  SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,  in  live  varieties, 
viz..  Scarlet.  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved, 
at  1,1.,  2s.  6rf.,  aud  5s.  each  colour.  Price  to  tlie  Trade  on 
application. 

By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 
Edinburgh. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

CHAHLES    TUIINEU'S 
NEW    AND    DESCRIPTIVE    LIST 

is  now  ready,  aud  may  be  had  post-free  on  application. 
THE        ROYAL        NURSERIES,         SLOUGH. 


Appointed  by 


Special  Warrant. 


SUPER13    STKAIXS    OF 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS. 

The  fi.lKuvuig  ;.re  Mived  regardless  of  troulile  and  cxi)eii-.e,  from 
the  most  relincd  and  beautiful  strains  in  existence:— 

PRIMULAS  in  variety,  CINERARIAS,  CAL- 
CEOLARIAS, GLOXINIAS,  BEGONIAS, 
CARNATIONS,  AURICULAS,  POLYAN- 
THUS, &o,,  per  packet,  l,s.,  I*.  Gd.,  and  2s.  6rf. 

llhistrated  Descriptive  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons, 

THE  QUEEN'S  SEEUS.MEN, 

CHESTER. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE,    containing    "Hints    on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of    New,   Rare,   and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.   &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NPRSBRY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  be.st  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  I8s,  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER.         

CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
— Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tiou.  Price,  6s.  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
per  bushel  tor  package),  or  6d.  per 
cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  1j. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
agei  and  printed  cultural  directiona 
enclosed,  with  ourBignatureattached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Uighgate  Nurseries,  N. 


STANDEN'S  MANURE 

Established  20   Years. 

THIS  OLD-ESTABLISHED  MANUEE 
is  acknowledged  by  the  leading  practical  Gardeners  in 
the  United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies  to  exceed  all  others  in 
general  lertilising  properties  and  staying  powers.  It  promotes 
a  rapid,  heMltliy,  i.ii.i  rulm^t  growth  to  plants  generally.  For 
Vines  it  cimnnf  !.  (  ..  !uf:!ily  rrrriramendcl.  and  this  fact  is 
fullv  snsf  111  '  1  I  ,  '  i^iili  rphliiini'd  I'V  its  use  in  the  hands 
of  some..!'        Ill  inl  (lni,i,.  Kr.'.vvers.     It  is  a  clean 

and  dry  I'..". I.  1.  "^m   .ii  liUl.-  mui-H,  wlii.h  renders  it  par- 
ticularly u.lui.uL.;.  lui  l.iJ..  .^  inter.  „tid  in  plant  cullure. 

The  highly  fertilising  properties  of  tins  Manure  render  its 
money  value  in  comparison  with  other  manures  at  least  double ; 
and  usei-s  u-itt  find  that  very  small  guatitities  u-itl  produce 
famiiriMe  results. 

Sold  in  new  and  enlarged  Tins,  1/-,  2/6, 
5,6,  10  6,  and  21/-  each  ;  and  in  Kegs  at 
reduced  prices— 28  lb.,  12/6  ;  661b.,  23/-  ; 
1121b.,  42-  each. 

May  be  uhtainedfrom  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  in 
the   United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Manufacturers, 


CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd.. 

Xiondon,  E.G. 


ELLIOTT'S    IMPROVED 

"SUMMER  CLOUD"  SHADING 

For  i.la-s  Slrncluiei,  Uii.t  re.|uirf  Shading. 

It  combines  EFFICACY  with  APPEARANCE,  CONVE- 
NIENCE with  ECONOMY,  and  its  effects  are  i:.ASTINO. 

Sold  in  packets.  Is.  each,  with  full  directions  for  use,  and  in 
bags,  7  lb.,  12s. ;  14  lb.,  22s. ;  may  be  obtained  from  all  Seeds- 
men and  Nurserymen. 

Sole  Manufacturers  and  Proprietors, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

London,  E.G. 


Many  years'  experience  haa  proved 
this  article  the  most  certain  and 
efficacious  remedy  for  the  destruo 
tion  of  Daisies  and  Weedson  Lawns, 
If  used  according  to  the  directiona/ 
it  cnnuot  fail  to  produce  a  healthy 
and  luxuriant  growth  of  grass  in' 
one  application  ;  and  to  enable  the 
article  to  be  in  more  general  use  it 
i.4  now  offered  at  the  following 

REDUCED    PRICES, 

Tins,  18.,  28.  6d.,  5b.  ;  a 
KegH,  J-Lwt.,  88.:   J-cwt.  16b,  ;3 
icwt.  30a. 


Sold  by  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 


Sole  Manufacturers, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

London,   E.G. 


SEE  THAT  you  OBTAIN 

FOWLER'S     LAWN     SAND, 

All  Fackacea  baviug  the  name  plainly  attadied. 


Jdli  23,  1887.] 


TEE     GARDENEBS'     CHEONIGLE. 


97 


INSECT  PESTS  of  a..  k,„„- 

Greeu  Fly  Scale,  Keil  Spider,  Thrips,  Mealy  Bug,  &c., 

INSTANTLY  KILLED 

without  Injury  to  Plants,      ^^t^^S-^— ^^/9> 


"SWIFT  AND  SURE" 
INSECTICIDE. 

THE    BEST  and   CHEAPEST 
INSECT  DESTROYER. 

Awarded  Certificate  of  Merit  at  the  Royal  Horti- 
cultural Society's  Show. 

In  bottle^,  \s.  6rf.  an.l  .-is.  6(i. ;  Rallona,  10s.  M.  Carriage 
Paid  to  any  Station  in  the  United  Kingdom  on  Orders 
of  JEl  nett. 


WEEDS  on  Garden  Walks,  Carriage 
Drives,  Stable  Yards,  Railway  Stations,  &c., 

PERMANENTLY  DESTROYED, 

BT  rSINQ  X^ 

THE 

"PERFECT" 
WEED  KILLER. 

SAVES    MANY    TDIES    ITS 
COST  IN  LABOUR. 

Price.  1  gallon,  2s. ;  5  galls..  Is.  M.  per  gall. ;  10  galls.. 
Is.  id.  per  gall. ;  40  galls..  Is.  id.  per  gall.  Carriage  Paid 
in  United  Kingdom  on  Orders  of  £1  nett. 


MILDEW  on  Rosea  and  all  Plants, 
completely  CUXvED, 

THE 

"PERFECT" 
MILDEW  DESTROYER. 


WORM  CASTS  on  Tennis  Lawns, 
Cricket  Grounds,  Bowling  Greens,  &c., 

Easily  PREVENTED, 


"PERFECT" 


WORM   DESTROYER. 


lo  bottles,  1.?.  6rf.  and  3s.  6ii. ;  gallons,  7^.  6d. ;  less  ii 
quantity.  One  gallon  makes  SO  for  use.  Enough  for  i 
Tennis  Lawn,  25s. 

Carriage  Paid  in  United  Kingdom  on  Orders  of  £l  nett. 


SOLD  by  ALL  SEEDSMEN  and  FLORISTS. 

Manufactured  only  by 

THE  HORTICULTURAL  AND  AGRICULTURAL 

CHEMICAL  COMPANY. 

103,  Holm  Street,  Glasgow. 

NOTICE.— Ottr  business  has  been  entirely  removed 
from  Tonbridge  to  Glasgow,  as  above,  aiid  there  is  now 
no  firm  oj  our  name  at  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

Beware  of  Unprincipled  Imitations  of  our 
Name,  and  Wohthlkss  Substitutes  for  our  Goods. 
Carefully  note  our  Trade  Mark,  which  is  affixed  to 
all  our  manufactures,  and  without  which  none  are 
genuine. 


ORCHID  EXHIBITION. 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  sights 
in  London. 

ORCHIDS.— The    PRIVATE    VIEW   of 
^-'     Mr.  WlLLIiM  Bull's  ORCHID  EXHrBITION  is  open 
to  Patrons  of    the    Establishment,    every    TUESDAY, 
THURSDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  10  to  6  o'clock,  through- 
out JULY. 

Establishment  for  New  and  Rare  Plants,  536,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  London.  S.W. 


ORCHIDS.— The    PUBLIC    EXHIBITION 
'^    of  ORCHIDS  is   open  to  the  Public,  every  MONDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  FRIDAY.  10  to  6  o'clock,  through- 
out JULY'.    Admission,  each  day,  2s.  id. 


ORCHIDS. — A    vision    of   lovelinees    unpa- 
^■^     ralleled  in  Europe. 


QRCHIDS 


, — "  Must  be  seen  to  be  realised." 


/ORCHIDS- — "A  scene  of  the  greatest  Orchidic 
^^     beauty,  baffling  description,  and  defying  exaggeration." 

r\  RC  H I DS.— Specimens  in  Flower  from  Brazil, 

^•^  Colombia,  Mexico,  Ecuador,  Madagascar.  Assam,  Peru. 
Costa  Rica,  Vene/uela,  West  Indies,  Burmah,  Borneo, 
and  various  other  part-s  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago. 


/ORCHIDS.— The  Exhibition  is  worth  going 

^^     any  distance  to  sec  at 

MR.  WILLIAM  BULL'S 

ESTABLISHMENT   FOR   NEW     AND   RARE   PLANTS, 
636,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


SEEDLING  PLANTS 

OF    CHOICE 

FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 

WE    HAVE    MUCH    PLEASURE 
in  offering  the  following,  in  strong,  healthy,  trai 
planted  young  stuff,  from  our  superb  strains. 
Free  by  Post  at  prices  quoted. 

Per  dozen.— s. 
AliriClllas,    alpine.      Very   choice,  strong  young 

plants  for  blooming  next  season        2 

Calceolarias,  herbaceous,    splendid  strain     ...    2 

Carnations  and  PlCOtees.   From  choicest  named 

flowers        per  100,  10s.  erf.     1 

,,     yellow  varieties        ...         ••■         ••■     3 

Cinerarias.     Large  flowered,  very  fine, 

per  100,  10s.  6rf.     1 

Hollyhocks.    Choicest  double  '6 

Primulas,   Alba  magnifica.     Splendid  pure  white    3 
King.       Deep  crimson,  magnificent 


colour 

.,     Queen  of  Whites.     Very  fine       

,,     Purpurea  magnifica.     Superb  variety 

The  Bride.      New  dark-stemmed  pure  white, 

splendid     ...        

..    Choicest  red,  white,  or  mixed, 

per  100,  10s.  6rf. 

,,    Fern-leaved.    Choice  mixed  ,,  105.  6rf. 

Primroses.      High  coloured  hybrids,  very  choice 

strain per  lOO,  10s.  6rf. 

Polyanthus,  gold-laced.    Fine       „        7s.  erf.    i    o 
Primulas,  double,  pure  white.   Splendid  for  fumish- 

ingan  abundance  of  euttlowers  throughout  the  autumn 
and  \vinter.  Well-rooted  strong  young  plants,  from 
3- inch  pots,  per  100,  42s. ;  per  doz.,  6s. ;  three  tor  Is.  9rf. 


DANIELS  BROS., 

TOWN       CLOSE      NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


Now  ready.  In  cloth,  11b.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series.  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.   KICHAKDS,    41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


NEW         EDITION, 
Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR 

of 

GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  Zd.,  Post-free  ^d. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strm  d, 

London,  W.C. 


SATURDAY,  JULY  i3,   1887. 


KENMARE    HOUSE. 

IN  passing  the  Snowdon  range  on  May  1 6,  when 
the  snow  still  hung  in  the  clefts  and  chasms 
of  the  mountains,  I  thought  I  had  seen  the  last 
snow  till  another  season.  But  last  month  of 
May  was  unlike  others,  and  four  days  later,  after 
visiting  the  Munster  Dairy  School  on  a  most 
bitter,  cold  day,  and  sleeping  at  Cork,  the  g(  ntle- 
men  of  the  British  Dairy  Farmers'  Association, 
coming  on  to  Killarney  for  the  last  meeting  of 
the  annual  conference,  which  was  held  in  Ireland 
this  year,  found  the  mountains  of  that  fan  ous 
district  all  wearing  a  cap  of  snow — a  very  beauti- 
ful but  unseasonable  ornament,  which  they 
retained  during  May  20  and  21. 

The  vegetation  of  this  south-western  part  of 
Ireland  is  earlier  than  that  of  most  parts  of 
England.  Both  in  the  kitchen  garden  and  the 
ornamental  grounds  of  the  Earl  of  Kenmare  it 
seemed  to  me  that  everything  was  slightly  for- 
warder than  in  England.  At  any  rate,  Mr. 
Leigh's  Potatos  on  May  20  were  nearly  ready  for 
the  table  in  the  open  ground,  and  his  Lettuces 
sown  this  spring  and  planted  outdoors  6  inches 
apart,  crowded  one  another  in  the  bed,  and  as  the 
hungry  gravel  soil  is  not  warmed  by  much 
manure  I  thought  Nature  was  doing  quite  as 
well  as  could  be  expected,  considering  the  unfa- 
vourable circumstances. 

It  is  anomalous,  seeing  with  one's  own 
eyes  a  nobleman's  house  under  the  protec- 
tion, day  and  night,  of  armed  policemen.  If 
the  Earl  of  Kenmare  carries  out  his  intention 
of  paying  a  visit  to  his  house  in  July,  he  will  do 
so,  one  may  be  sure,  from  a  sense  of  duty. 
Good  landlord  as  he  always  was,  and  popular 
as  he  still  is,  poverty  has  stricken  thote 
parts  of  his  estate  amongst  the  mountains, 
which  in  this  country  no  man  would  attempt 
to  farm,  but  which  in  Ireland  are  still 
the  starving  grounds  for  a  number  of  small 
"  farmers,"  who  stick  to  their  rocks  like  leecheF. 
I  have  often  mentioned  in  these  sketches  that  the 
pleasure  and  desirability  of  an  estate  partly 
depend  on  sentiment  and  moral  conditions,  and 


98 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Jdly  23,  1887. 


for  that  reason,  apart  from  party  politics,  which 
have  no  place  in  these  columns,  my  subject  re- 
quires some  slight  reference  to  the  troubles  of 
the  times.  I  have  never  before  had  occasion  to 
measure  the  effect  on  value  of  bands  of  assassins 
and  moonlighters,  recruited  from  among  the 
tenantry,  ready  to  attack  any  man  who  touches 
the  land  question  against  their  views. 

In  this  state  of  things  tourists  who  do  not 
roam  the  hills  at  night  and  get  themselves  mis- 
taken for  evictors  are  absolutely  safe.  Coming 
to  Killarney  to  disburse  they  will  receive  the 
same  cordial  welcome  and  perfect  civility  as  of 
old.  But  Lord  Kenmare,  in  spite  of  the  "  million 
welcomes"  he  will  get  in  the  town,  could  only 
visit  some  parts  of  his  estate  at  a  risk  which  no 
prudent  man  would  incur,  and  when  he  moves 
abroad,  even  in  his  own  demesne,  a  bodyguard 
will  attend  him.  Only  a  patriotic  lover  of  a 
residence  which  attracts  him  by  the  memory  of 
former  happy  days  could  visit  a  home  darkened 
by  these  frightful  shadows,  and  if  Lord  Kenmare 
should  abandon  the  place,  it  will  assuredly 
remain  empty  like  Muckross  Abbey,  another 
charming  residence  three  miles  distant. 

The  house  is  situated  almost  as  close  to  the 
town  as  Windsor,  Alnwick,  and  Arundel  Castles 
are  to  their  respective  towns,  and  is  well  secluded 
in  the  rear  and  open  to  the  lakes  and  mountains 
in  front,  commanding  them  the  better  by  its  ele- 
vation which  may  be  from  300  feet  to  400  feet 
above  the  surface  of  the  water  where  the  trout 
and  salmon  jump  below.  The  river  Laune,  which 
leaves  this  lower  lake,  sometimes  called  Lough 
Leane,  several  miles  to  the  right  of  this  spot, 
finds  its  way  to  Dingle  Bay — the  river  Flesk  is 
its  main  feeder,  entering  by  Flesk  bridge  close 
to  Killarney  on  the  north  after  skirting  the 
grounds  of  Flesk  Castle,  Mr.  Coltsman's  place. 
A  wide  and  noble  landscape  opens  from  the  ter- 
race, having  none  to  equal  it  for  soft  and  sweet 
lake  scenery,  ever  changing  in  its  aspect,  but 
always  clad  with  the  verdure  of  well-shrubbed 
shores  and  islets,  the  whole  being  tapped  and 
encompassed  by  mountains  that  tower  far  above 
the  limits  of  tree-growth,  to  heights  which  even 
the  Arbutus,  the  special  shrub  of  the  country, 
cannot  scale.  These  two  rotund  mountains  on 
the  south-east  towards  Cork,  and  near  the  Devil's 
Punchbowl,  natural  swellings  seated  side  by 
side,  are  known  as  the  Taps.  The  high  peak 
rising  immediately  out  of  the  groves  and  woods 
of  Muckross  is  the  Turc  mountain,  and  the  oppo- 
site peak  enthroned  above  the  rest  immediately 
in  front  of  the  Muckross  monarch,  is  the  Tomies, 
which  the  stranger  should  pronounce  correctly, 
sounding  the  first  vowel  like  the  o  in  home,  and 
by  no  means  like  the  same  letter  in  Tom.  The 
sweet  little  spot  which  we  see,  too,  from  here, 
bearing  the  name  of  Glena  Bay,  with  the  charm- 
ing cottage  on  its  green  banks,  where  the  Queen 
took  tea  on  the  occasion  of  her  visit,  is  a 
favourite  place  for  tourists.  It  is  a  con- 
venient place,  where  you  may  first  catch  your 
fish  in  the  bay  and  then  cook  and  eat  them  on 
the  spot.  But  we  cannot  vie  with  the  LTnited 
States,  where,  in  a  "people's  park,"  180  miles  in 
circumference,  you  may  hook  your  whale  in  the 
cool  waters  of  an  inland  sea  and  then  boil  him  in 
a  hot  anJ  superheated  spring  running  hard  b}'. 
An  American  lady,  stepping  into  the  boat  at 
Killarney  the  other  day,  astonished  the  boatmen 
by  calling  their  famous  lakes  disdainfully  "  duck- 
ponds."  But  they  enjoyed  their  revenge, 
humourists  as  they  are,  for  the  lower  lake,  and 
the  biggest,  was  agitated  that  day,  as  it  often  is 
in  its  own  small  way;  the  boat  went  up  and  down, 
and  the  lady's  discomfort  was  not  slight. 

I  greatly  enjoyed  walking  round  the  grounds 


with  Mr.  Loveless,  whose  skill,  if  I  may  indulge 
a  word  of  critisism,  will  some  day,  we  may  hope, 
cover  the  great  house,  if  t%at  be  possible  con- 
sidering its  h,eight,  with  creepers  to  conceal  the 
inconsistent  material  which  the  architects 
selected  when  they  built  the  pile  of  red  brick 
instead  of  using  the  abundant  stone  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood. Oh  !  ye  architects,  how  thankful  you 
should  be  to  gardeners  who  are  continually 
repairing  your  blunders  and  changing  ugliness  to 
beauty  !  The  walls  of  the  house  have  been  well 
planted.  Gloire  de  Dijon  Rose  was  in  blossom 
by  April  1,  and  the  Banksia  Rose  at  the  time  of 
my  visit.  The  Cotoneaster  was  covered  with  its 
small  white  blossoms.  Virginia  creeper,  Ivies, 
Roses,  the  evergreen  Euonymus,  so  much  used  at 
many  seaside  places,  such  as  Brighton  and 
Eastbourne,  and  several  sorts  of  Berberis,  are 
among  the  plants  on  the  house. 

The  Mountain  Ash  in  the  grounds  was  coming 
into  blossom,  and  on  some  of  the  sheltered  islands 
on  the  lake  below  it  was  already  in  full  bloom. 
The  Ghent  Azaleas  had  been  very  showy  and 
beautiful,  the  Whitethorn  was  showing  its  earliest 
blooms.  A  secluded  walk  edged  with  Lilac, 
Laburnum,  and  red  and  white  Hawthorn,  was 
already  offering  proofs  of  ornament  to  come 
soon.  Andromeda  floribunda  had  blossomed  in 
December,  and  the  New  Zealand  "S'eronica 
showed  from  its  appearance  that  it  has  done 
duty  liberally  in  that  respect.  The  Beech  is 
the  prevailing  tree  in  the  demesne  around  the 
house,  which  extends,  I  believe,  to  about 
1500  acres  of  land  in  grass,  shrubbery  and 
grove.  Sycamores  are  numerous,  especially  on 
the  approach  road  on  the  north-west  side  of 
the  house,  where  a  good  view  of  the  adjoining 
town  can  be  obtained — a  town  stone-built  and 
slated,  containing  about  7000  inhabitants,  with 
prominent  public  buildings  in  its  outskirts,  a 
cathedral,  priory,  Protestant  church  of  white 
stone  with  handsome  spire,  poor-house,  much 
too  full,  and  a  lunatic  asylum,  not  so  full  as 
some  people  think  it  might  be  with  advantage, 
though  all  must  deplore  the  deep-seated  troubles 
of  the  country. 

The  bedding  system  is  not  much  in  vogue 
here,  but  the  herbaceous  plants  form  a  fine  col- 
lection around  the  house,  and  also  around  a  very 
ornamental  tea-room  and  dairy  in  one  building, 
placed  at  a  little  distance. 

Descending  from  the  house  through  the 
demesne,  and  through  a  plantation  containing 
a  variety  of  Conifers,  we  entered  Ross  Island 
close  to  Ross  Castle.  From  this  spot  Ross  Island 
can  be  entered  by  a  causeway.  It  is  an  island 
of  many  promontories  and  jutting  headlands 
in  the  lake,  and  of  winding  shores  raised  some 
feet  above  the  water.  The  lakes  of  Killar- 
ney may  be  surveyed  here  from  many  points 
of  view. 

The  demesne  immediately  around  the  house  is 
open  to  visitors  on  payment  of  a  small  fee,  and 
to  the  people  of  Killarney  and  of  the  county  of 
Kerry  it  is  free.  Lord  Kenmare's  favourite 
island  of  Ross  is  public,  a  delightful  recreation 
ground  of  158  acres  partly  planted  with  exotio 
Conifers  which  flourish  in  this  mild  moist  district, 
and  partly  ornamented  by  its  own  rich  garb  of 
native  shrub  and  timber.  //.  E. 


OdontogLOSSUM  Harryanum.— Tills  mag- 
nificent iiiw  introduction  is  now  flowering  in  the 
nurseries  of  Messrs.  F.  Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Albans, 
and  fully  .sustains  the  high  character  that  has  been 
accorded  it.  It  is  quite  distinct  and  very  handsome ; 
tlie  large  proportion  of  blue  colouring  in  the  flowers 
gives  this  species  a  special  attraction.  It  is  a  plant 
that  should  be  in  every  collection. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 

CATTLETA  PORPHYROGLOSSA  (Lindl., 
Mchb.f.)  VAR.  PUNCTULATA,  n.  var. 

The  species  is  evidently  a  very  rare  plant.  It  is 
like  Cattleya  guttata  with  larger  flowers.  Both  the 
sepals  and  petals  are  light  Horse-Chestnut-brown. 
The  lip  is  very  fine.  Its  best  and  leading  character 
is  that  the  stalk  of  the  anterior  lacinia  is  crenulate 
or  serrate  at  the  edges.  There  is  a  great  abundance 
of  the  finest  keels  and  warts  on  the  central  lacinia, 
shining  like  a  ruby.  Similar  productions  appear 
on  the  apex  of  the  side  lacinice.  The  column  is 
white  at  the  back,  yellow  in  front,  where  it  is  covered 
with  purple  stripes 

There  has  appeared  a  variety,  unique  so  it  appears, 
at  Messrs.  H.  Low  &  Co.'s — sulphurea,  with  sulphur 
coloured  sepals  and  petals ;  and  now  Mr.  W.  Bull 
sends  me  a  fresh  variety  with  scattered  crimson  spots 
on  the  inside  of  the  petals  and  a  few  on  the  sepals. 
The  yellow  column  is  richly  adorned  with  crimson. 
It  is  very  uncommon  to  see  such  fine  varieties  in 
species,  which  are  themselves  so  very  rare.  I  was 
not  aware  that  this  species  had  been  imported  in 
quantities.  H.  G.  Hchb.f. 

OdontogLOSSUM  ckispum  {Lindl.)  WoLSTEHJfoi.Mi.E ' 
n.  var.  \ 

An  Odontoglossum  crispum  of  such  unexpected 
qualities  that  it  really  commands  a  name  of  its  own. 
It  is  very  rich  in  flowers.  The  sepals  and  petals  are 
not  very  broad,  but  very  acuminate,  the  petals  lobed 
and  toothed.  They  are  of  the  purest  white,  with  large 
spots  of  ochre-brown  in  the  centre,  and  a  glorious 
mauve  border.  Some  of  the  very  few  small  spots  are 
similarly  marked,  but  some  others  are  purely  mauve. 
There  is  a  brown  ligulate  disc  on  the  lip,  whose  call! 
are  yellow;  the  side  ones,  however,  are  not  much 
developed.     The  base  of  the  column  is  chiefly  yellow. 

This  very  ornamental  variety  is  most  respectfully 
dedicated  to  Mrs.  Wolstenholme — Mr.  J.  Day's 
sister.  This  lady  has  done  very  much  for  orchidology 
by  taking  the  greatest  care  of  the  fine  Dayan  collec- 
tions during  the  numerous  long  absences  of  the  pos- 
sessor. Mrs.  Wolstenholme  has  always  shown  so 
great  an  interest  in  the  Orchids  that  it  is  an  uncom- 
mon satisfaction  to  see  rhe  name  combined  with 
fine  members  of  that  beloved  family,  but  these 
being  only  varieties  I  hope  to  have  the  honoiu-  and 
pleasure  of  one  day  naming  a  fine  species  in  her 
honour.  H.  G.  Echb.  f. 

Desdrodicm  aueantiacom,  Echb.  /.,  MSS.  1854. 

This  is  a  very  old  friend  of  mine.  I  have  known 
it  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  it  came  in  my 
way  at  very  rare  intervals.  My  first  acquaintance 
with  it  was  made  in  the  garden  of  Herr  Kammerrath 
Frege,  at  Abteranndorf,  near  Leipsic,  1854.  Then  it 
was  gathered  in  May,  1870,  in  Assam,  by  my  friend 
Gustav  Mann.  Both  Kammerrath  Frege  and  Gustav 
Mann  were  very  discontented  that  I  did  not  publish 
it,  but  I  had  no  certainty  as  to  the  distinctness  of 
the  species,  and  in  1854  I  could  not  believe  in  the 
possibility  that  a  decidedly  East  Indian  Orchid 
should  have  escaped  the  observation  of  our  lamented 
Dr.  Lindley.  In  April  last  it  appeared  at  Chelsea  at 
Mr.  W.  Bull's,  and  the  plant  being  now  in  the  trade 
judgment  cannot  be  longer  postponed.  The  stems 
are  crowded,  very  slender,  now  exceeding  even  a  foot 
in  length.  When  young  and  fresh  they  have  the 
sheaths  with  little  white  spots,  and  at  some  places  ' 
there  is  a  light  mauve-purple  wash.  As  soon  as  the 
leaves  have  fallen  the  stems  get  furrowed,  and 
finally,  when  they  get  rid  of  the  sheaths  they  are 
brownish  or  yellowish,  shining  like  a  Bamboo.  The 
narrow,  nearly  linear,  leaves  are  nearly  3  lines  in 
breadth  and  2  to  3  inches  in  length.  The  lateral 
inflorescences  look  very  peculiar  on  the  elder  leafless 
stems.  They  are  covered  at  the  base  with  some  im- 
bricate, short,  brown,  or  purple  sheaths,  and  a  short 
free  rhachis  bears  very  few  (one  to  three)  flowers  of 
uniform  orange  colour.  The  triangular  bracts  are 
short,  half  to  one-third  the  length  of  the  stalked 


Jolt  23,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDE  NEBS'     CBHONICLE. 


99 


ovary.  The  chin  of  tlie  flower  is  blunt  and  short. 
Sepals  ligulate  acute.  Petals  broader.  Lip  with 
short  stalk,  and  hastate  semiovate,  or  simply  semi- 
ovate  lacinia,  obscurely  toothletted  at  the  margin, 
very  rough  inside,  with  some  linear  elevations  at  the 
base.  I  regard  this  plant  as  a  near  neighbour  of  the 
rare  and  little  known  Dendrobium  clavatum,  Wall., 
which  may  be  immediately  recognised  by  its  very- 
long  conspicuous  bracts,  broad  sepals,  much  broader 
petals,  longer  inflorescence  with  usually  more  flowers. 
It  has  some  purple  markings  on  the  lip,  but  there  is 
nothing  of  ;that  kind  to  be  found  in  our  new  Den- 
drobe.     This,  of  course,  gives  no  specific  character. 

I  have  what  appears  to  be  a  third,  and  by  far  the 
finest  species  of  this  little  group.  It  was  collected 
in  Burmah  by  Hildebrandt,  and  kindly  given  me  by 
my  oldest  English  correspondent,  Mr.  S.  Low.  The 
inflorescence  is  larger  in  all  its  parts.  The  sheaths 
are  much  wider,  the  bracts  very  broad,  the  very 
numerous  flowers  much  larger.  There  cannot  be  a 
doubt  that  this  stately  thing  surpasses  the  last- 
named  species.  I  have,  however,  only  one  inflor- 
escence, and  that  one  has  suffered  so  much  from 
mould  that  I  have  never  yielded  to  the  temptation  of 
softening  a  flower,  for  I  felt  sure  it  would  be 
destroyed  at  once.  Of  stem  and  leaves  I  know 
nothing,  I  am  sorry  to  say.  H.  G.  Echb.f. 

Selaqinellas. 
The  following  description  of  new  species  has  been 
orwarded  to  us  by  Mr.  Jenman,  the  Colonial  Botanist 
of  British  Guiana  : — 

Selacfiiiclla  diminutifolia,  Jenman,  n.  sp, — Fronds 
1—2,  or  3  inches  long,  half  as  wide  or  less,  rooting 
chiefly  at  the  base,  but  also  frequently  from  the 
joints,  two  or  three  times  pinnate,  the  branches 
short,  alternate,  contiguous,  or  subdistant,  | — 1  line 
wide  over  all,  the  outer  ones  hardly  narrower  than 
the  main  axis,  firm  in  texture,  dark  green  ;  major 
leaves  spreading  obliquely,  contiguous,  the  outer 
ones  imbricating,  obliquely  ovate,  obtuse,  half  a  line 
long,  less  broad,  plain  edged,  the  base  obliquely 
cordate,  much  deeper  on  the  superior  rounded  base, 
the  auricle  of  which  laps  over  the  rachis.  Minor 
leaves  ovate-acute,  equal  sided,  subcordate,  imbri- 
cating on  the  outer  branches,  not,  or  hardly  so,  at 
the  base  of  the  stems,  a  quarter  of  a  line  long, 
nearly  as  wide,  slightly  convex.  Spikes  not  seen. 
—Guiana,  Jenman,  n.  1481.— On  rocks  at  the  foot  of 
tlie  Kaieteur  Fall,  a  situation  that,  if  closely 
examined,  would  probably  yield  several  others,  new 
or  old.  On  my  visit  I  had,  unfortunately,  tem- 
porarily lost  my  sight  by  an  attack  of  ophthalmia, 
which  compelled  my  leaving  the  situation  quite  un- 
e.Kamined.  This  is  one  of  the  very  diminutive 
species,  with  more  compact  leafage,  and  that  is  more 
freely  branched  than  any  of,  as  regards  size,  its  local 
allies,  such  as  S.  dendricola  and  S.  minima ;  spiny. 

Selagindla  dendricola,  Jenman,  n.  sp.  — Fronds 
prostrate,  few  to  several  inches  long,  consisting  of  a 
slender  thread-like  rachis  and  short  distant  usually 
simple  or  casually  forked  branches  i — J  inch  long. 
Leaves  extending  to  the  base  of  the  primary  rachis  ; 
major  ones,  J— i  line  each  way,  hardly  pointed,  the 
base  subequally  slightly  cordate,  nearly  orbicular, 
horizontal,  all  except  the  outer  ones  more  or 
less  apart  or  distant,  the  latter  contiguous 
or  imbricated,  and  becoming  gradually  oblong 
in  shape  ;  minor  leaves  minute,  ascending,  distant, 
ovate-acute  ;  spikes  often  crowded  at  the  end  of  the 
frond,  \ — l]  inch  long,  four-goual ;  bracts  compact, 
sharply  keeled,  acuminate,  and  finely  denticulate. — 
Guiana,  Jenman,  n.  2323.  On  decaying  logs  in  the 
forest  opposite  Bartica  Grove,  Essequebo  Eiver, 
I    growing  among,  and  often  more  or  less  concealed  in 

imoss.  This  is  a  slender  delicate  species,  apparently 
nearest  S.  rotundifolia,  Spring.,  and  S.  minima. 
Spring.  It  has  a  curious  double  habit,  the  long 
I  main  "rachis  having  lax  or  distant  leaves,  which  are 
i  nearly  round,  while  the  short  branches  and  apex  of 
the  frond,  which  are  fertile  at  the  ends,  have  close 
or  crowded  oblong  leaves.  The  spikes  are  peculiarly 
long  at  the  top  of  the  frond,  often  a  dozen,  extending 
forward,  side  by  side,  those  of  the  distant  lateral 
I  branches  are  shorter.  The  colour  is  very  pale  green. 
( To  be  eontintced .') 


Trees  and  Shrubs- 

THE  MOCK -ACACIA. 
I  HAVE  never  seen  the  Acacias  (Eobinias)  blossom 
so  abundantly  as  they  have  done  here  this  season  ;  we 
have  several  large  specimens  in  the  pleasure  grounds, 
and  some  of  them  were  completely  covered  with  their 
pendulous  pure  white  sjiikes  of  flowers.  This  tree 
makes  an  eS"ective  feature  where  properly  placed  in 
ornamental  grounds,  where  its  distinct  character 
makes  it  attractive  at  all  seasons — in  the  summer  by 
its  graceful  foliage,  which  is  scarcely  surpassed  even 
by  the  graceful  Salisburia,  while  during  its  leafless 
season  its  rough,  dark-coloured  bark  gives  to  it  a 
grotesque  appearance.   T.  C,  Hendre,  Monmouth, 

RunUS   AMERICANUS. 

It  is  singular  that  nurserymen  will  so  often  issue 
plants  with  new  names  wlien  old  and  authentic  ones 
exist,  and  maybe  discovered  without  much  difficulty. 
The  Blackberry  issued  under  the  name  of  R.  ameri- 
canus  is  the  R.  villosus  of  Alton  (Hort.  Kew.,  ed.  1, 
vol.  ii.,  p.  210),  and  well  known  under  that  name  to 
American  botanists,  as  I  learn  from  Dr.  Asa 
Gray.  Why  give  a  new  name  when  one  already 
exists  ?  Why  give  us  all  the  trouble  which 
we  have  had  to  find  out  its  real  name?  But 
there  is  a  curious  point  connected  with  this 
issue  under  the  name  of  N.  americanus.  In  most 
cases  R.  laciniatus  came  with  it,  and  is,  as  far  as  I 
have  seen,  the  prolific  fruiting  plant.  So  we  have 
two  quite  distinct  plants  issued  together  under  one, 
and  that  a  new  name.  Can  nothing  be  done  to  put 
an  end  to  these  things?  They  can  hardly  be  of  any 
benefit  to  the  tradesmen,  even  if  that  were  any 
excuse.  C.  C.  Babington,  CanAridge 

Ornamental  B.iRBERBiEg. 

Not  everyone  of  the  full  half  a  hundred  Barberries 
new  in  cultivation  can  be  considered  as  at  all  orna- 
mental plants.  A  few  are,  however,  amongst  the 
finest  hardy  free-flowering  subjects  that  have  ever 
been  introduced  to  this  country. 

Berberis  stenophylla  is  a  garden  hybrid  between 
B.  Darwinii  and  B.  empetrifolia.  and  is  cer- 
tainly one  of  the  most  ornamental  free-flowering 
shrubs  with  which  any  garden  can  be  planted.  It  is 
far  more  hardy  than  Darwin's  plant,  and  a  near  rival 
to  it  in  beautv  and  floriferousness,  for  certainly  when 
the  long,  arching  branches  are,  for  fully  half  their 
length,  enveloped  in  the  golden  flowers,  it  is  a 
shrub  for  which  to  find  a  superior  is  no  easy  task. 
In  the  shape  of  large  bushes  this  Barberry  is  remark- 
ably eS'ective,  but  particularly  so  when  placed  on  tlie 
greensward,  the  drooping,  slender,  narrow-leaved 
shoots  and  golden  or  lemon-coloured  flowers  render- 
ing it  as  distinct  as  it  is  handsome.  Any  soil  almost 
will  suit  it,  and  likewise  any  situation,  although  we 
certainly  have  noticed  its  preference  for  a  rather 
warm,  sandy  soil,  and  sunny  position.  As  a  berry- 
bearing  shrub,  this  Barberry  likewise  merits  atten- 
tion, for  during  late  autumn  and  winter  the  dark 
purple    fruit   is  both  pretty  and   attractive.     A.  D. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 

ORCHIDS  AT  KEW. 
As  usual  a  large  number  of  very  showy  species 
is  in  bloom,  besides  a  numher  of  others  which  for 
various  reasons  are  not  commonly  met  with  in  collec- 
tions. Botanical  Orchids,  perhaps,  some  of  them  may 
be  called,  bnt  even  of  these  some  species  are  by  no 
means  devoid  of  beauty,  and  in  any  Case  they  add 
variety  and  interest  to  a  coUectioii.  Fashionable 
species  are,  however,  well  represented,  notably  the 
genus  Phalienopsis,  of  which  several  very  handsome 
species  are  in  flower.  A  fine  form  of  that  charming 
plant,  P.  sumatrana,  one  of  the  closely  allied  V. 
Luddemanniana.  P.  violacea,  a  splendid  iilaut  of 
P,  Marije,  which  is  certainly  a  very  handsome  species. 
An  exceptionally  dark  variety  of  P.  Esmeralda  is 
also   very  effective ;    besides   which,   two    or   three 


plants  each  of  P.  grandifloraand  P.  Sanderiana  must 
not  be  omitted,  one  of  the  latter  being  a  very  rosy 
variety. 

Two  species  of  Angrsecum  may  be  mentioned — A. 
Scottianum,  with  its  large  white  lip  and  long  spur, 
is  very  eflfective ;  while  A.  falcatum,  with  its  pure 
white  flowers  and  neat  habit,  is  quite  a  little  gem. 
Aerides,  too,  is  well  represented.  Several  plants  of 
Aerides  affine  roseum  are  in  bloom,  with  its  power- 
ful aromatic  fragrance ;  the  flowers  very  light  deli- 
cate rose  colour,  with  the  lip  and  upper  portions  of 
the  segments  suffused  with  a  much  darker  shade. 
Four  plants  of  A.  Lobbii  are  very  effective,  the 
drooping  racemes  are  of  considerable  length,  the 
colours  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  a  little  darker 
and  with  a  number  of  rosy-purple  dots  on  the  seg- 
ments, A  plant  of  A.  odoratum,  too,  must  not  be 
overlooked 

Saccolabium  ampullaceum  is  a  little  gem,  its  neat 
habit  and  rosy-coloured  flowers  with  dark  veins 
rendering  it  very  effective.  A  plant  of  S.  Blumei, 
too,  we  noticed,  with  three  fine  racemes.  The  pure 
white  Maxillaria  venusta  is  a  well  known  plant,  and 
calls  for  no  special  note ;  but  a  plant  of  the  curioui 
M.  scabrilinguis  might  be  seen,  which  is  remarkable 
for  bearing  its  dull-coloured  flowers  in  a  large  erect 
raceme.  To  Xylobium,  we"  believe,  this  is  now 
referred  in  the  Genera  Plantarum,  and  certainly  the 
habit  is  very  dissimilar  to  the  solitary-flowered 
Maxillarias.  The  lip  of  this  plant  is  its  singular 
feature— dull  yellow  in  colour,  and  covered  with 
small  dark  maroon  warts,  giving  it  a  rough  appear- 
ance—hence the  name. 

Cypripediums  are,  perhaps,  not  very  numerously 
represented,  though  a  few  species  are  in  flower, 
amongst  which  a  little  group  of  about  half-a-dozen 
plants  particularly  arrested  our  attention.  It  con- 
sisted of  C.  Godefroyas,  C.  niveum,  and  C.  concolor — 
three  well-known  and  closely  allied  little  species  of 
dwarf  habit.  Close  by  was  the  curious  C.  virens,  the 
flowers  mostly  green,  with  the  upper  half  of  the 
petals  of  a  peculiar  coppery  flesh-colour.  A  good 
plant  of  the  handsome  C.  Stonei,  C.  ciliolare,  three 
barge  pans  of  C.  barbatum,  with  any  number  of 
flowers;  and  of  the  Selenipedium  section,  C.  Roezlii, 
and  the  curious  hybrid,  C.  conchiferum,  were  noted. 

A  group  of  Lycastes  is  very  interesting.  It 
contained  the  two  deep  orange-coloured  species,  L. 
aromatica  and  L:  cochle.ata,  the  former  having  a 
very  powerful  aromatic  fragrance,  the  latter  also 
sweetly,  though  not  so  powerfully  scented  ;  L.  Can- 
dida, the  well-known  and  handsome  L.  D.'ppei,  and 
lastly,  a  good  plant  of  that  pretty  species,  L.  tri- 
color, with  its  light,  flesh-coloured  flowers  with 
darker  markings  on  the  lip.  A  few  Epidendrums 
may  be  noted.  E.  radiatum,  a  species  of  the  cochle- 
atum  group,  with  whitish-green  flowers  and  a  shell- 
shaped  lip  with  purple  lines;  E.  variegatum,  with 
green  flowers  densely  spotted  with  blackish-brown, 
and,  like  the  preceding,  with  the  lip  uppermost ;  E. 
virens,  from  Mexico,  has  green  flowers,  but  a  deli- 
cious perfume  precisely  like  that  of  the  Tuberose. 
Lastly,  E.  nemorale,  with  very  handsome  Barkeria- 
like  flowers,  lilac-rose  in  colour,  with  a  dark-coloured 
lip.  A  curious  point  about  it  is  the  very  warty 
scape  and  pedicels. 

Cattleyas  are  nearly  over,  though  we  noticed  a 
fine'  plant  of  C.  Gaskelliana.  Of  other  showy 
things  are  two  plants  of  Dendrobium  Falconeri, 
with  its  slender  growths,  narrow  leaves,  and  large, 
handsome  flowers;  Anguloa  Clowesii,  a  very  hand- 
some Odontoglossum  hastilabium,  Epidendrum  vitel- 
linum  majus,  Phaius  bicolor,  unfortunately  a  rather 
large  grower,  and  various  other  things  which  must 
be  passed  over.  Amongst  several  species  of  Oncidium 
a  fine  0.  leucochilum  must  be  mentioned.  The  pure 
white  lip,  greenish-yellow  segments  blotched  with 
brown;  the  rosy-purple -column,  wings,  and  dark 
liurple  anther-case  give  the  plant  a  most  plea.sing 
appearance,  and  place  it  in  the  front  rank  of  the 
genus.  Cielogyne  Schillei'iana  and  Painsea  nniflora 
are  both  little  gems  ;  the  former  has  light  yellow  seg- 
ments, lip  white  at  base,  canary-yellow  above,  and 
beautifiillv  marked  with  orange-brown  ;  the  latter  is 


100 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHEONICLE. 


[JcLY  23,  1887. 


closely  allied  to  Ccelogyne,  and  has  very  pale 
buff  flowers  with  orange  markings  on  lip.  Spa- 
thoglottis  ixioides  is  another  gem,  it  has  grassy 
leaves  and  bright  yellow  flowers  with  red  spots  on 
the  lip. 

Of  the  less  showy  things  a  few  may  be  noted. 
Pleurothallis  Barberiana,  with  its  slipper-shaped  dark 
purple  lip,  and  very  acuminate  white  segments  spotted 
with  purple,  may  fairly  claim  to  be  an  elegant  plant, 
wjrthy  of  a  place  in  any  representative  collection, 
though  another  species  seen  can  only  be  called  a  re- 
ran kable  curiosity.  It  is  P.  mutabunda  ;  the  leaves 
are  narrow  and  very  fleshy  and  the  raceme  of  flowers 
lies  flat  along  the  leaf;  the  lip  is  densely  spotted 
with  dark  maroon  and  the  upper  segment  with  three 
light  purple  stripes,  on  a  light  olive-green  ground. 
Cjttonia  peduncularis  is  another  curiosity;  the  lip 
is  blackish -purple  and  wonderfully  resembles  a  beetle 
in  appearance,  the  segments  yellowish-green  with 
dusky  purple  lines.  Microstylis  congesta  has  very 
densely  crowded  erect  racemes  of  small  lurid  purple 
flowers  ;  while  Jl.  chlorophrys  has  larger  gi-eenish 
flowers,  and  handsomely  variegated  leaves,  the  centre 
being  dark  metallic  olive-green  with  a  broad  silver 
margin.  Amongst  curiosities  too  must  be  classed 
Saccolabium  gemmatum,  though  the  habit  is  very 
graceful,  the  leaves  small  and  narrow,  and  the 
small  lilac-purple  flowers  borne  in  large  branched 
racemes. 

A  few  hardy  species  may  be  noted  in  conclusion. 
The  North  American  Cypripedium  spectabile  is  in 
force  and  very  handsome.  Orchis  foliosa  seems  quite 
at  home  and  is  very  eflTective  :  it  is  about  the  best  of 
the  genus  for  cultivation.  Gyranadenia  odoratissima 
may  also  be  seen ;  and  of  British  species  G.  conop- 
eea,  Orchis  maculata,  and  Listera  ovata.  Orchis. 

Onoidium  pkctorale. 

A  panicle  of  flowers  of  this  handsome  species  is  to 
hand  from  an  amateur's  collection,  and  is  said  to 
have  been  imported  with  0.  concolor.  Both  are 
natives  of  Brazil,  and  therefore  not  unlikely  to  liave 
come  together,  even  if  they  do  not  actually  grow 
together.  It  was  figured  and  described  by  Dr.  Lind- 
ley  in  his  Sertnm  Orchidacearum,  t.  39,  with  the 
remaik  that  it  was  "the  handsomest  of  the  yellow 
Oncidiums  ;  "  and  even  at  the  present  time  it  may  be 
mitioned  as  among  the  best  of  them.  Lindley  re- 
c  ^iv(  d  it  in  April,  1840,  from  James  Wentworth  Buller 
who  remarked,  "  I  have  ascertained  that  it  was  im-, 
pjrted  from  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  it  seems  to  me  to 
resemble  in  habit  the  O.  Forbesii  v/hich  I  received  at 
the  same  time,  but  in  the  structure  of  the  leaves  it 
approaches  closely  to  O.  flexuosum."  It  belongs  to 
Lindley's  section  Tetrapetala  macropetala,  and  is 
closely  allied  to  0.  Forbesii  and  crispum.  The 
flowers  are  2  inches  in  diameter,  and  much  re- 
sembling these  two  species  in  shape  ;  the  sepals  are 
yellow,  heavily  barred  with  bronzy-brown ;  petals 
similar,  except  that  the  yellow  is  here  almost 
restricted  to  the  margin  ;  the  lip  is  bright  canary- 
yellow,  with  dark  purple  crests,  "  difticult  to 
describe,"  remarks  Lindley,  "  and  may  be  compared 
for  general  appearance  to  an  old-fashioned  lady's 
stomacher,  studded  with  little  knots ;  hence  the 
name."  The  column-wings  are  flesh-coloured,  heavilv 
spotted  with  bronzy-brown,  and  minutely  crenulate. 
This  fine  old  species  appears  to  be  very  rare  in  culti- 
vation. /?.  A.  I?. 

Masdevallh  picturata. 
Lovers  of  Masdevallias  will  be  glad  to  hear  of  this 
very  rare  species  having  flowered  at  Glasnevin,  as 
witness  a  flower  just  received  from  Mr.  F.  W.  Moore, 
*'  This  is  a  very  small  species,"  remarks  Professor 
Reichenbach,  "  but  a  gem  par  exeellence."  The  tuft 
of  small  leaves  seldom  exceeds  2  to  3  inches  in 
height.  The  peduncles  about  equal  the  leaves  in 
height,  and  are  single  flowered.  In  general  habit  it 
resembles  M.  Wageriana  and  M.  xanthina,  though 
the  flowers  are  considerably  different.  The  seg- 
ments are  long  and  narrow,  free  almost  to  the  extreme 
base ;  the  colour  greenish-yellow,  with  numerous 
blackish-mauve   spots;    the  long   and  slender   tails 


being  green.  It  is  a  native  of  'Venezuela,  and  is 
figured  in  Xtnia  Orchidacea,  i.,  t.  75,  fig.  1.  as  M. 
Meleagris.  This  latter,  however,  is  an  old  species 
of  Lindley's,  which  apparently  has  not  yet  appeared 
in  cultivation,  though  worth  introducing  if  it  could 
be  found  again.  B.  A,  B. 

Epidendrum  latilabre. 
This  singular  Orchid  has  flowered  several  times 
recently  with  W.  J.  Thomson,  Esq.,  of  St.  Helens, 
Lancashire.  It  appears  to  be  a  gigantic  form  of  E- 
umbellatum,  its  flowers  being  borne  without  spathe 
or  equivalent  bracts  as  in  that  species  ;  the  flowers 
are  of  a  transparent  pale  green,  2^  inches  across,  the 
large  and  singularly  formed  labellum  vividly  repre- 
senting Lindley's  description  of  it — "  curved  down- 
wards at  each  side  so  as  to  bear  no  little  resemblance 
to  a  stiffly-starched  lady's  apron."  In  habit  of 
growth  its  fleshy  almost  orbicular  leaves  and  flattened 
stems  call  to  mind  agigantic  Nanodes  Meduste.  This 
desirable  plant  is  of  E.  umbellatum  section  no  doubt, 
but  amply  distinct  from  any  of  the  figures  or  dried 
specimens  of  that  plant  which  I  have  seen,  J.  OB. 


illumine    and    define    the    outlines    of  the   various 
pavilions  with  picturesque  effect. 


HYBRID    LYCHNIS. 

We  are  now  enabled  to  give  reduced  illustrations 
(figs.  22,  23,  24)  of  the  beautiful  hybrid  form,  of 
which  the  interesting  history  has  been  given  at  pp.  57 
and  79.  We  need  not  repeat  what  has  been  there 
said,  but  we  may  say  that  the  hybrid  in  the  colour 
of  its  flowers  and  in  their  number  is  decidedly  supe- 
rior to  either  parent.  The  differences  observed  in 
the  pollen-grains  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith  are  remark- 
able. The  grains  are  shown  in  each  case  magnified 
240  diameters. 


NOTES    FROM    THE    AMERICAN 
EXHIBITION. 

A  NOVELTV  in  rubber-hose  for  garden  and  all 
other  uses  is  shown  by  the  Waterbury  Rubber  Com- 
pany. It  is  called  armoured  hose,  and  is  wound 
with  steel  wire.  This  gives  greater  resistance  to  the 
pressure  from  within,  and  protects  from  wear  and 
tear  without,  so  that  it  is  claimed  that  it  will  wear 
four  times  longer  at  least  than  ordinary  hose.  In 
addition  it  cannot  get  into  kinks  like  other  rubber- 
hose. 

Among  the  exhibits  of  food  products  that  of 
Messrs.  Gordon^  &  Dilworth,  of  New  York,  is 
noticeable  by  its  size  and  attractive  character.  It 
consists  of  preserved  fruits,  berries,  and  piquant 
sauces.  These  goods  are  remarkable,  not  for  their 
cheapness — for  they  are  put  up  as  luxuries  and  at 
prices  beyond  the  reach  of  the  masses — but  for  their 
purity,  delicacy  of  flavour,  and  attractiveness  of 
appearance.  Enormous  glass  jars  with  whole  Pears, 
Pine-apples,  Peaches,  &c.,  are  so  luscious  in  appear- 
ance as  to  make  the  mouth  water  at  sight.  A 
great  specialty  of  this  firm  is  Tomato  catsup  pre- 
pared by  a  new  process,  and  which  has  a  most 
delightful  flavour,  and  is  very  stimulating  to  the 
jaded  palate. 

A  superb  collection  of  the  forest  woods  of  Cali- 
fornia, including  specimens  both  in  the  rough  and 
highly  polished,  will  be  exhibited  shortly. 

The  exhibition  is  especially  strong  in  the  depart- 
ments of  agricultural  machinery  and  in  mechanical 
appliances,  mostly  of  a  labour-saving  character, 
for  the  reason  that  the  high  price  of  labour  in 
America  stimulates  the  attention  of  the  inventor 
and  directs  it  in  that  channel,  as  the  rewards  are 
sure  to  be  large  and  immediate.  The  display  of 
food  products  is  also  worthy  of  attention,  and  the 
departments  of  medical  supplies  are  equally  note- 
worthy. 

The  gardens,  which  are  12  acres  in  extent,  present 
a  most  attiactive  spectacle  these  warm  summer 
evenings.  Illuminated  by  powerful  electric  lights 
primarily,  these  are  now  supplemented  by  myriads  of 
fairy  lamps  in  parti -col  ours,  which  twinkle  in  the 
tree-tops  and  shrubberies  like  fire-flies,   and  which 


FLORISTS'  Flowers. 

THE     MODERN     FORMS     OF    THE 

CARNATION. 
A  FEW  weeks  ago  I  gave  a  rhumi  of  the  new  or 
notable  Auriculas  exhibited  at  the  National  Society's 
exhibitions  (Southern  section)  during  the  last  ten 
years;  and  as  the  time  draws  near  for  the  eleventh 
exhibition  to  be  held,  a  few  remarks  may  be  interest- 
ing and  instructive.  In  1877,  when  the  first 
exhibition  was  held  in  the  Royal  Aquarium,  'West- 
minster, the  interest  in  the  Carnation  and  Picotee 
had  declined  to  a  low  point,  and  few  new  varieties 
of  merit  were  raised  in  the  South,  but  in  the  North 
Mr.  B.  Simonite,  of  Sheflield,  was  at  the  height  of  his 
fame  as  a  raiser  of  seedlings.  In  1876  I  attended 
the  exhibition  of  the  National  Society  held  in  the 
Botanic  Gardens,  Manchester.  At  that  exhibition 
Mr.  Simonite  was  awarded  eleven  First-class  Certifi- 
cates for  Carnations  and  Picotees.  The  date  was 
August  11,  the  varieties  —  Carnations  :  Othello, 
S.B.  ;  Samuel  Barlow,  C.B.  ;  Frank  Simonite. 
C.B. ;  John  Simonite,  C.B. ;  James  Douglas,  P.F., 
still  the  best  in  its  class ;  Rev.  F.  D.  Horner,  S.F. 
Picotees  :  Mrs.  Simonite,  L.R.E. :  Mrs.  F.  D. 
Horner,  L.R.E. ;  Mrs.  Gorton,  L.R.E.  ;  Mrs.  Douglas, 
H.P.E. ;  Silvia,  L.P.E.  There  was  an  excellent 
exhibition  in  1877  at  the  Royal  Aquarium,  but  no 
new  flowers  were  exhibited.  The  best  Carnation 
was  Sibyl  (Holmes),  and  the  best  Picotee  John 
Smith  (Bower),  The  date  of  the  exhibition  was 
July  18. 

The  second  exhibition  was  held  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  on  July  23, 
1878 ;  at  that  exhibition  Mr.  Charles  Turner,  of 
Slough,  exhibited  some  exceedingly  handsome  new 
flowers.  The  following  received  First-class  Certi- 
ficates:— Royal  'Visit  (Abercrombie),  heavy  edged- 
rose  Picotee;  Mrs.  Payne  (Payne),  medium  rose; 
Ophir,  yellow  Picotee ;  Lord  Beaconsfield,  buff- 
ground  Picotee ;  Alice,  Henry  Tait,  and  Eleanor, 
also  yellow-ground  Picotees,  .John  Bayley,  S.F., 
was  the  premier  Carnation,  and  J.  B.  Bryant,  premier 
Picotee. 

In  1879  it  happened  to  be  the  latest  season  on 
record.  The  Society's  exhibition,  which  was  fixed 
about  the  usual  date,  had  to  be  postponed  to  August 
12.  This  and  all  subsequent  exhibitions  were  held 
at  South  Kensington.  Two  new  Picotees  from  Mr. 
Turner  received  First-class  Certificates,  viz.: — Dr. 
Abercrombie,  H.R.E. ;  Baroness  B.  Coutts.  M.P.E. 
The  same  exhibitor  was  awarded  a  First-class  Cer- 
tificate for  Heather  Bell,  a  prettily  fringed  pink. 
Coloured  Carnation ;  Coroner,  from  Mr.  Barron, 
rose  self;  and  Chromatella,  yellow  self  Premier 
Carnation,  Sybil ;  premier  Picotee,  Mrs.  Payne. 

The  year  1880  was  not  such  a  good  exhibition 
season  as  usual.  The  show  was  fixed  for  July  27, 
while  the  best  of  the  blooms  in  the  South  were  out 
by  the  20th  of  that  month.  It  was  a  good  year  for 
seedling  Carnations,  many  new  varieties  having 
received  First-class  Certificates.  They  were  as 
follows: — Scarlet  bizarres,  Robert  Lord,  Fred,  and 
Arthur  Medhurst,  from  Mr.  Dodwell ;  crimson 
bizarres.  Crimson  Banner,  from  Mr.  Simonite  ;  Master 
Fred  (Hewitt) ;  pink  and  purple  bizarre.  Squire 
Llewelyn  (Dodwell) ;  scarlet  flakes,  Figaro  (Aber- 
crombie), .John  Bull  (Dodwell).  Constance  Heron. 
Heavy  rose-edged  Picotee,  from  Mr.  Turner,  was  the 
only  Picotee  certificated  this  year.  The  premier 
Carnation  was  Admiral  Curzon,  the  best  Picotee 
being  Baroness  Burdett  Coutts. 

In  the  year  1&81  the  exhibition  was  held  on 
July  19,  and  several  new  flowers  of  excellent  quality 
were  exhibited ;  but  no  certificates  were  awarded. 
The  premier  Carnation  was  Fred.  S.B.  ;  the  best 
Picotee  being  Mrs.  Chancellor.  The  year  1882  was 
marked  by  the  exhibition  of  many  new  flowers, 
which  were  awarded    First-class  Certificates.     The 


July  23.  1887.] 


THE    GARDENEES'    CBi^ONlQlE. 


101 


exhibition  was  held  on  July  25,  and  was  of  unusual 
excellence.  It  was  remarked  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  for  that  year,  vol.  xviii.,  p.  151,  "  that  the 
progress  which  has  been  made  in  the  development  of 
tlie  Carnation  and  Picotee  during  the  last  four  or 
rtve  years  has  been  truly  remarkable."  First-class 
Certificates  were  awarded  to  the  following  Carna- 
tions :— Scarlet  bizarre,  Alfred  Hudson  (l)odwell)  ; 
C.B.,  W.  H.  Hewitt  (Douglas)  ;  P.P.B.,  William 
Skirving  (Gorton)  ;  K.F.,  Tim  Bobbin  (Gorton)  ; 
border  Carnations,  Mrs.  P.age  (Uuffield),  Florence 
(Wallington);  Picotees  certificated  were  Mrs.  Gorton 
(Simonite),  Esther,  Minnie  (Dodwell)  ;  premier  Car- 
nation, Kobert  Lord ;  premier  Picotee,  Mrs.  Payne. 

In  1883  July  24  was  the  date  of  the  exhibition,  the 
First-class  Certificates  awarded  being  to  Rob  Key 
(Gorton),  Henry  Cannell  (Dodwell)  ;  border  varie- 
ties, Royal  Purple  (Veitch),  Sir  B,  Seymour 
(Veitch).  The  premier  Carnation  was  Robert  Lord, 
and  the  best  Picotee,  Jlrs.  Payne. 

July  24  was  the  date  of  the  exhibition  in  1.SS4  ; 
the  Veitch  Memorial  Medal  was  given  on  this  occa- 
sion to  the  most  meritorious  exhibit.  The  best 
Ciirnation  was  Master  Fred,  and  the  best  Picotee 
^furiel,  both  seedlings  of  Mr.  Hewitt,  of  Chesterfield. 
First-class  Certificates  were  awarded  to  the  follow- 
ing Carnations  : — Joseph  Crossland  (Simonite),  S.B. ; 
Mrs.  F.  Whitbourn  (Dodwell),  C.B. ;  Crimson  King 
(Dodwell),  C.B.  For  Picotees.  the  highest  award 
was  given  to  Juliet  (Fellows),  L.P. ;  Duchess  (Fel- 


■>     ^    -^^   .\- ^    ^  --^-.J^ii,,,  fj,/    ■!>-  ait 


PLOS-JOVIS. 


lowes),  H.  scarlet ;  Maude  (Fellowes),  L.  rose. 
Messrs.  Veitch  were  awarded  First-class  Certificates 
for  border  Carnations  Mrs.  Glen,  Miss  Mary  Ander- 
son, and  Harvester. 

July  28  was  the  date  of  the  exhibition  in  1885, 
and  a  good  display  was  made,  although  the  previous 
hot  weather  told  against  the  flowers.  First-class 
Certificates  were  awarded  to  Carnations  Rosamond 
(Douglas),  C.B. ;  Grace  (Douglas)  P.P.B.;  Margaret 
(Douglas),  R.F. ;  Picotees,  Dr.  Horner  (Horner), 
L.R. ;  premier  Carnation,  Rob  Roy ;  premier  Picotee, 
Favourite. 

The  exhibition  for  188G  was  held  on  July  27, 
but  new  varieties  now  require  to  be  of  great  merit 
before  tlie  judges  will  grant  them  certificates, 
and  but  three  awards  of  the  highest  class  were  given 


to  new  varieties,  viz.,  to  border  Carnation  General 
Stewart  (Veitch) ;  pnrple-edged  Picotee  PoUie 
Brazil  (Anstiss),  and  to  yellow  Picotee  Annie 
Douglas  (Douglas).  The  premier  Carnation  was 
Rob  Roy  (Gorton),  and  the  premier  Picotee  Mrs. 
Payne  (Payne).  It  will  also  be  interesting  to 
growers  to  note  that,  at  the  ten  exhibitions  Mr. 
Douglas,  of  Ilford,  lias  been  awarded  premium  for 
the  best  bloom  in  the  exhibition  ten  times;  Mr. 
Turner,  of  Slough,  six  times ;  Mr.  Dodwell,  of 
Oxford,  twice ;  and  Mr.  Hewitt,  of  Chesterfield, 
twice.  There  may  be,  and  doubtless  are,  diverse 
opinions  as  to  the  desirability  of  maintaining  these 


Fit;.  2:j.— THf-:  HVBB[D. 


special  exhibitions  as  they  are  at  present.  Those 
who  hold  different  opinions,  and  who  are  at  the  same 
time  interested  in  the  Carnation  and  Picotee,  would 
do  well  to  ventilate  the  question,  but  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  object  for  which  this  Society  was 
instituted  has  been  attained,  viz.,  a  revival  of  the 
interest  in  the  Carnation  and  Picotee,  and  this  vastly 
increased  interest  has  been  abun(^ntly  manifested  in 
the  plcasiu-e  the  culture  of  these  lovely  flowers  has 
given  to  scores,  perhaps  hundreds,  of  amateurs.  As  an 
instance  of  this  1  may  say  that  one  large  trade 
grower  told  me  that  in  1877  their  trade  in  the  Car- 
nation and  Picotee  was  so  small,  that  they  did  not 
trouble  to  propagate  their  own  plants.  Now,  in 
1887,  they  propagate  and  sell  readily  30,000  plants. 
Other  gi'owers  can  tell  of  a  vastly  increased  trade, 
not  only  in  the  fine  florists'  varieties,  but  the  best 
class  of  selfs  are  much  more  grown  as  border  plants 
than  they  used  to  be.  J.  Dmiijlas. 

Thk    ClXinARIA. 

It  is  sufiiciently  known  that  these  useful  spring 
flowering  plants  may  be  grown  from  division  of  the 
plants  or  offsets,  as  easily  as  they  can  from  seeds. 
The  plants  having  flowered  late  were  placed  in  a  frame 
in  a  shady  position  to  induce  them  to  start  into 
growth  before  good  offsets  could  be  obtained.  AVe 
remove  them  from  the  plants  with  a  portion  of  roots 
attached  and  pot  them  separately  in  small  or  large 
60-sized  pots,  using  good  light  loam  to  which  have 
been  added  leaf- mould  and  decayed  manure.  The 
plant  requires  rich  soil  to  gi'ow  in  from  first  to  last, 
but  must  not  be  overdosed  with  strong  manure  else 
a  tendency  to  gi'ow  too  robust  is  induced  and  very 
large  leaves  are  produced  but  not  such  good  flowers  or 
so  handsome  a  plant  as  might  be  produced  with  milder 
feeding.  A  good  compost  for  them  is  turfy  loam 
four  parts,  leaf-mould  one  part,  decayed  manure  one 
part;  and  some  sliarp  white  sand  if  thought  neces- 


sary to  keep  the  compost  open.  It  ought  also  to  be 
taken  into  account  that  some  varieties  have  naturally 
a  tall  straggling  habit,  and  make  strong  growths. 
These  latter  may  not  require  such  a  rich  compost, 
half  as  much  mivnure  only  being  used.  Our 
young  seedlings  have  also  been  pricked  out  ; 
at  the  first,  about  a  dozen  plants  are  placed 
in  a  5-inch  pot,  in  about  three  weeks  shifting  them 
singly  into  small  pots.  The  fine  varieties  to  be 
obtained  by  purchasing  a  packet  of  seed  of  the  best 
strain  have  almost  rendered  it  unnecessary  to  grow 
named  varieties,  which  in  fact  are  not  easy  to  obtain 
in  the  trade.  Nevertheless  it  is  as  well  to  bear  in 
mind  the  fact  that  if  really  good  seedlings  are  ob- 
tained they  may  be  increased  easily  enough  by 
])ropagation  by  offsets  in  June  and  July,  which  are 
l)erhaps  the  best  months  for  the  purpose.  The  plants 
do  best  on  coal  ashes,  in  a  cold  frame,  with  its  back 
placed  towards  the  south,  and  even  then  it  may  be 
essential  to  lightly  shade  the  plants  during  the 
hottest  part  of  the  day. 

The  Pink. 

Although  the  Carnation  and  Picotee  have  received 
a  fair  share  of  attention  during  the  last  few  years, 
the  beautiful  laced  Pinks  have  not  increased  in 
])opular  estimation  in  the  same  ratio.  There  is  no 
society  for  the  special  encouragement  of  the  Pink, 
and  it  is  not  brought  before  the  public  with  the 
same  prominence.     If  it  was  there  is  no  doubt  that 


Fig.  31 .— LV(  H  .15  COI  OXAKIA. 

there  would  be  found  persons  who  would  prefer  the 
Pink  to  the  Carnation.  Carnation  and  Picotee 
blooms  can  be  grown  of  better  quality  when  the 
plants  are  kept  in  pots  ;  on  the  other  hand,  Pinks 
succeed  best  when  planted  in  the  open  ground,  and 
the  beautiful  lacing  on  a  white  ground  shows  to  the 
best  advantage  when  the  flowers  are  fully  exposed, 
and  not  shaded  at  all.  Pink  shows  were  veiy 
popular  about  fifty  years  ago.  The  late  Mr.  John 
Keynes,  of  Salisbury,  told  me  that  in  his  early  gar- 
dening days  they  had  five  or  six  Pink  shows  in  Salis- 
bury in  one  year,  and  they  were  usually  fi.xed  for 
dates  between  the  18th  and  24th  of  June  inclusive. 
The  old  gi'owers  were  very  p,articular  that  no  faulty 
flowers  were  present  in  their  stands,  none  with  split 
pods,  dropped  petals,  or  run  petals.    A  run  petal  in 


102 


THE     QABPENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


[July  23,  1887. 


a  Pink  is  discerned  by  no  white  being  observable  in 
tlie  centre  of  the  petal.  They  are  now  shown 
on  cards,  like  Carnations  and  Picotees,  bnt  this 
was  not  allowed  in  those  days.  Pinks  are  pro- 
pagated by  "pipings,"  that  is,  small  growths  or 
"  grass,"  are  taken  off  in  the  form  of  cnttings,  and 
planted  over  a  gentle  liotbed,  where  they  soon  form 
roots. 

When  nicely  rooted  the  plants  shonld  be  put  out 
into  a  border  of  fine  soil,  at  about  3  inches  apart, 
where  they  will  make  nice  bushy  plants  by  the  end 
of  September,  when  they  may  be  planted  in  the  beds 
in  which  they  are  intended  to  flower.  Rich  deep 
soil  is  essential  to  the  production  of  large  well-laced 
blooms ;  and  if  the  beds  can  be  prepared  a  month  or 
two  previous  to  planting  so  much  the  better,  Of 
course  this  will  cause  a  part  of  the  garden  to  be  bare 
ofplantsata  time  when  every  inch  of  ground  should 
be  covered.  The  question  in  this  case  would  be 
whether  the  future  improvement  in  tlie  quality  of 
the  flowers  would  not  more  than  compensate  for  the 
short  period  the  ground  was  allowed  to  lie  in  a  fallow 
state.  The  beds  on  which  the  lianunculuses.  Ane- 
mones, or  Tulips  were  grown  might  be  prepared  at 
once  for  the  Pinks  ;  and  if  the  soil  could  be  exposed 
in  a  rough  state  to  the  weather  it  would  be  thereby 
improved ;  but  some  persons  object  to  this,  and  like 
■to  see  all  vacant  spaces  raked  smooth. 

The  forcing  Pinks  should  now  be  planted  out  in  an 
open  space  of  ground,  about  10  inches  or  a  foot 
between  each  plant.  They  will  make  vigorous 
specimens  by  the  end  of  September,  when  they  must 
be  taken  up  and  potted  into  5  or  6-inch  pots,  accord- 
ing to  the  size  of  the  plants.  J.  Doiiglat, 


CONSTITUENTS      OF      RAIN, 

DRAINAGE,  AND  AVELL  WATERS. 

A  VALUABLE  paper  has  recently  been  contributed 
to  the  Journal  of  the  Chemical  Society  by  Mr.  H. 
Warington,  of  the  Rothamsted  Laboratory,  of  which 
a  reprint  is  now  before  us. 

Tills  subject  has  been  followed  up  most  syteniatic- 
.ally  in  tlie  laboratory  and  field  experiments  of  Sir 
J.  B.  Lawcs  for  many  year.i  p.ast,  and  the  object  of 
the  present  commnnication  was  to  bring  together 
tlicse  results,  and  to  trace  tlie  connection  between 
the  composition  of  rain,  drainage,  and  deep-well 
waters. 

Rain-water. 

The  primary  source  of  all  drainage  and  well-water 
is  rain.  The  rain  has  been  collected  at  Rothamsted 
since  1853  in  a  large  gauge,  having  an  area  of 
1-lOOOth  of  an  acre.  The  following  tables  bring 
before  us  in  a  concise  form  the  average  amount  of 
some  of  the  constituents  of  these  waters. 

Tadle  I.  Showi.\g  the  Amounts  of  CnonixE,  Sii.i'iuhu; 
Acid  (Akhvdhide),  and  A.mmonia  in  RAiN-WAri:n  at 

KOXHAMSTED,  HEKTS. 


1.  Clihrm:.—Av! 

raje  of  .Vii 

e  years,  1877-86. 

Raiofnll. 

Chlorine. 

Month. 

Per  Million 
otKnin. 

Pounds 
per  Acre. 

.taimary 

Inches. 
2-21 

3-36 

1-70 

February 

2-61 

2-65 

l-.Mi 

Slarch      

1-40 

3-4S 

110 

April        

2« 

1-77 

0S18 

Mny          

2-43 

1  13 

0  80 

.Juiio         

2  72 

115 

0  71 

July          

2-70 

083 

O-.iO 

August 

301 

1-06 

0-7:J 

Sojitcmbcr          

3-00 

1-22 

0-83 

October    

3-,3(j 

2-73 

2-01 

November           

3-.30 

2-68 

2-00 

December 

2-38 

271 

1-415 

April— September 

l(i-3l! 

1-23 

4-54 

October— March 

15-29 

2-85 

i)-8li 

Whole  year        

81-6.5 

3.01 

14-40 

2.  ^Snlphnric  ynf'ydridc.—Avernge  of  Five  Years.  1881— 8t3. 

I  J.  .SuIob".r.'.t  liiinydndp. 

Month,  i' 


January  

February 

March 

April         

May  

•Iwly  

August     

September 

October 

>'ovember 
December 
April— September 
October— Mnrch 
Whole  year 


Nitrogen  as  Ammonia. 


1-43 

2-21 


2-151 

0-44 

0-2.58 

2-18 

11-48 

0-236 

2-33 

0-39 

(1-210 

3-01 

0  30 

02U4 

3-71 

0-26 

0-221 

3-2.5 

0-23 

0-109 

2-135 

0.34 

0-202 

1.  Chlorine. — The  average  proportion  of  chlorine 
present  in  the  Rothamsted  rain-waters  is  thus  shown 
to  be  2  01  per  million  of  rain;  this  proportion,  with 
a  rainfall  of  31-65  inches,  amounts  to  1-1-4  lb.  per 
acre  in  a  year,  which  is  equivalent  to  21  lb.  of  pure 
sodium  chloride  (common  salt).  The  amount  in  the 
six  winter  months  is  seen  to  be  rather  more  than  twice 
as  great  as  it  is  during  the  summer  half  of  the  year. 

2.  Sulphuric  Acid. — The  average  proportion  of  sul- 
phuric acid  in  the  Rothamsted  rain-waters  during 
five  years  has  been  252  per  million.  This  proportion, 
with  a  rainfall  of  3022  inches,  amounts  to  1726  lb. 
per  acre  per  annum.  The  quantity  in  summer  and 
winter  is  very  similar. 

3.  Amtnonia.—Ihe  determination  of  .ammonia  in 
the  monthly  rainfall  at  Rothamsted  gives  an  average 
proportion  of  035  of  ammoniacal  nitrogen  per 
million  of  rain-water,  on  an  average  of  five  years. 
This  proportion  amounts  to  2  4  lb.  per  acre  in  the 
year,  with  a  rainfall  of  3022  inches.  Tliere  is  shown 
to  be  a  distinct  excess  of  ammonia  in  the  summer 
months. 

DnAINAOE-WATEUS. 

Of  tlie  rain  which  falls  upon  a  soil  a  considerable 
portion  is  evaporated,  either  from  the  surface  of  the 
soil,  or  through  living  vegetation.  When  the  amount 
of  rain  exceeds  tlic  amount  of  water  evaporated  from 
the  land,  a  portion  of  the  rain-water  passes  down- 
ward through  the  soil,  and  appears  as  drainage-water. 
The  composition  of  this  drainage-water  is  the  main 
factor  which  determines  the  composition  of  well- 
waters.  In  the  investigations  at  Rothamsted  tlie 
composition  of  drainage-waters,  both  from  uncrojiped 
and  unmaniired  land,  and  also  from  land  both 
cropped  and  manured,  has  been  ascertained. 

Drainaoe-water  FiiOM  Unchopped  and  Unmanukkd 

L.IND. 

There  are  three  drain-gauges  at  Rothamsted, 
which  consist  of  rectangular  masses  of  soil,  having 
an  area  of  1-lOOOth  of  an  acre,  and  depths  of  20, 40,  and 
(10  inches  respectively.  Tlicse  m.as9es  of  soil  wore  part 
of  an  arable  field  ;  tliey  were  isolated  without  being 
disturbed.  They  are  supported  below  by  perforated 
iron  plates,  and  are  surrounded  by  walls  of  brick 
and  cement.  The  water  percolating  through  these 
soils  is  collected  and  analysed.  The  soil  is  in  every 
case  a  heavy  loam,  mixed  with  fiints,  and  having  a 
clay  subsoil;  it  has  been  unmanured  since  1870,  and 
has  been  kept  free  from  vegetation. 


1,  J  .Muiit  of  Brainmfc.  —  It  ajipears  from  the 
results  that  with  an  average  rainfall  of  3104  inches, 
there  has  been  an  annual  evaporation  of  17*01) 
inches  from  the  surface  of  the  bare  soil,  w-hilc  an 
average  of  13-95  inches  has  percolated  to  a  depth 
exceeding  5  feet,  and  appeared  as  drainage.  Eva]ior- 
ation  is  naturally  most  active  during  the  summer 
months,  and  the  amount  of  drainage  is  then  at  a 
minimum.  With  October  the  period  of  considerable 
drainage  commences,  and  continues  till  the  end 
of  February.  In  these  five  winter  months  the  aver- 
age drainage  has  amounted  to  9--14  inches,  ■^vllile  in 
the  remaining  seven  months  of  the  year  the  drainage 
has  been  but  451  inches.  It  is  by  the  autumn  and 
winter  drainage  that  the  supply  of  water  to  the  wells 
is  chiefly  effected. 

The  dependence  of  the  proportion  of  drainage  on 
the  amount  of  evaporation  is  strikingly  brought  out 
by  comparing  summer  and  winter  months  having  a 
similar  rainfall.  Thus  in  August,  with  2-50  inches 
of  rainfall,  1-97  inch  evajiorates,  and  0-53  inch 
appears  as  drainage ;  while  in  December,  with 
255  inches  of  rainfall,  the  proportions  are  reversed, 
only  061  inch  evaporates,  and  1-94  inch  appears  as 
drainage. 

2.  Composition  of  Drainage-Water.  —  The  total 
quantity  of  chlorine  in  the  yearly  drainage  from  the 
soils  of  the  drain-gauges  is  found  to  be  practically 
identical  with  that  present  in  the  annual  rainfall. 
The  chlorine  in  the  drainage-waters  from  the  two 
drain-gauges  averages  1463  lb.  and  1405  lb.  per 
acre  ;  while  that  in  the  rainfall  during  the  same 
period  is  1440  lb. 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  any  chlorides  originally 
belonging  to  the  soils  of  the  drain-gauges  have  been 
thoroughly  washed  out,  and  the  quantity  now  present 
is  entirely  due  to  the  amount  supplied  by  the  rain. 

Though  the  total  quantity  of  chlorine  in  the 
drainage-waters  is  identical  with  that  in  the  rain,  the 
proportion  of  chlorine  per  million  of  water  is  nearly 
doubled  ;  that  in  the  rain  being  201,  and  that  in  the 
drainage-water  3-9  per  million.  This  increase  in 
the  proportion  of  chlorine  is  a  natural  consequence 
of  the  evaporation  that  has  taken  place  from  the  soil 
nearly  one-half  of  the  rainfall  has  evaporated  from 
the  bare  uncropped  soil,  and  the  proportion  of 
chlorine  found  in  the  drainage-water  is  thus  almost 
double  that  in  the  rain. 

But  when  ive  turn  to  the  nitrogen  occm-ring  in  the 
drainage-water  the  case  is  very  different. 

The  total  quantity  of  combined  nitrogen  in  the 
annual  rainfall  was  found  to  be  about  4-4  lb.  per 
acre.  The  nitrogen  in  the  form  of  nitrates  in  the 
drainage-waters  from  the  two  unmanured  and  un- 
cropped soils  amounts  to  40 23  lb.  and  3877  lb.  per 
acre.  The  drainage-waters  contain  mere  traces  of 
ammonia.  A  small  quantity  of  organic  nitrogen, 
equal  to  about  2  lb.  per  acre  per  annum,  has  been 
found.  The  total  amount  of  combined  nitrogen  in 
the  drainage-waters  is  thus  about  40 — 42  lb.  per 
acre  per  annum.  This  large  production  of  nitrates 
in  these  soils  is  due  to  the  oxidation  of  the  nitro- 
genous organic  matter  of  the  soil,  brought  about 
through  the  action  of  a  bacterium.  Tliis  nitro- 
genous organic  matter  of  soil  consists  chiefly  of  the 
accumulated  residues  of  previous  vegetation. 

Determination  of  nitrogen  in  the  soils  forming  the 
drain-gauges  showed  the  presence  of  3500  lb.  of 
nitrogen  per  acre  in  the  first  9  inches,  and  about 
13,000  lb.  to  the  depth  of  60  inches. 

3.  Generals  Conclusions. — The  general  bearing  of 
these  facts  upon  the  character  of  the  drainage- waters 
which  furnish  the  supply  to  w-ells  may  be  briefly 
summarised  as  follows  : — If  the  land  fonuing  the 
surface  of  a  large  drainage  area  were  without  vegeta- 
tion and  unmanured,  and  the  soil  similar  to  the 
Rothamsted  lo.ara  ;  if,  moreover,  the  rainfall  were 
similar  in  quantity  and  composition  to  that  of  Roth- 
amsted, then  the  water  p.assiiig  downwards  to  form 
deep-well  water  would  contain  about  4  jier  million 
of  chlorine,  and  10  to  11  per  million  of  nitrogen  as 
nitric  acid.  The  quantity  of  water  in  the  wells 
would  vary,  the  maximnin  depth  of  water  occurring 
at  some  later  date  than  the  period  (October  to 
Fi'bruai-v)  of  nmxiniuni  drainage  from  the  surface. 


JcLY  123.  IS87.1 


THE     GABDENEnS'     CilBONICLE. 


103 


The  composition  of  the  water  would,  however, 
remain  constant  throughout  tlie  year,  excepting  the 
percolation  took  place  in  part  through  open  channels 
communicating  directly  with  the  upper  soil. 

With  soils  more  or  less  nitrogenous  than  that  at 
Kothamsted,  the  proportion  of  nitric'acid  in  the  well- 
water  would  vary,  but  the  proportion  of  chlorine 
would  be  constant,  unless  the  composition  of  the 
rain-water,  or  its  degree  of  concentration  by  evapfir- 
ation  from  the  soil,  were  atfectod.  John  J.  Wilfif^, 
UarpeiK^cn. 

CTo  be  continued.) 


which  a  circular  plate  of  hard  steel  of  a  larger 
diameter  is  fixed,  wherewith  the  cutting  operation  is 
performed,  and  a  kind  of  small  plough  or  share  is  fixed 
by  the  side  to  raise  and  cast  aside  the  cut  off  strip 
of  turf.  The  implement  can  also  be  set  for  cutting 
turves  of  any  required  thickness  and  size,  and  can,  in 
light  soil,  be  worked  by  one  man  ;  but  in  heavy  soil 
would  require  the  assistance  of  another  man  or  boy. 
A  groove  cut  in  the  roller  near  the  steel  plate  allows 
of  a  line  being  used  to  indicate  the  width  of  turf  to 
be  cut,  the  line  being  kept  in  position  by  simple  iron 
hooks. 


Foreign  Correspondence. 

FOREIGN  TRADE  IN  CUT  FLOWERS. 
The  trade  in  cut  flowers  from  Holland  to  foreign 
countries,  and  especially  to  England,  had  increased 
last  spring  to  such  extraordinary  dimensions  that  it 
is  expected  that  the  trade  in  flower-roots  will  be 
much  damaged  thereby.  Owing  to  the  rage  of 
speculation,  the  foreign  markets  were,  during  the 
flowering  period  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  and  other 
bulbous  plants,  so  over-stocked  by  the  flowers  of 
these  plants  that  their  value  was  reduced  nearly  to 
nothing.  The  growers  of  and  dealers  in  bulbs  arc 
generally  of  opinion  that  such  transactions  must  be 
stopped  for  the  future,  and  in  consequence  the  Royal 
General  Union  for  the  Cultivation  of  Flower-roota 
at  Haarlem  held  an  extraordinary  general  meeting 
on  July  11  last,  and  there  a  resolution  was  taken  to 
do  everything  possible  to  get  all  growers  of  bulbs  to 
engage  not  to  sell  or  to  send  out  any  cut  flowers  of 
Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Narcissus,  Ranunculus,  and 
Anemones,  e.xcept  for  exhibition  purposes  or  for 
small  samples,  under  3  kilogrammes  in  weight.  Be- 
sides, there  are  other  measures  in  preparation  that 
will  be  adopted  with  the  view  of  making  this  trade 
in  cut  flowers  impossible  for  the  future  so  far  as  it 
can  be  done.  In  consequence  of  these  eff'orts  to  stop 
this  cut-flower  trade,  it  is  expected  that  a  good 
influence  will  be  felt  in  the  bulb  trade  for  the  coming 
season.  J,  H.  Krelage,  President  of  the  Hoyal  General 
Union  for  the  Cultivation  of  Flower-roots,  Haarlem. 

Young  English  Gardeners  and  Foreign  Travel. 
I  notice  in  your  number  for  July  16,  p.  80,  that  you 
mention  some  young  foreign  gardeners  as  being  much 
better  educated  than  those  of  a  like  class  in  England 
[German,  Danish,  aud  Swedish  especially].  How  is 
it?  I  ask.  Do  they  gain  their  knowledge  at  school,  or 
afterwards,  I  am  inclined  to  think,  afterwards,  for  the 
following  reasons:— In  the  many  nurseries  I  have 
visited  in  Germanyand  France  I  have  found  but  a  very 
small  percentage  of  Englishmen  (and  those  generally 
the  sons  of  nurserymen)  as  compared  with  the  number 
ofGermans  and  Frenchmen  found  in  English  nurseries 
although  in  the  same  nurseries  I  have  often  met  young 
men  who  have  been  in  at  least  one  other  country  than 
the  one  they  were  born  in  ;  and  tliese  latter  are  almost 
always  superior  to  those  who  have  never  crossed  their 
own  fi'ontier  (not  in  money,  but  in  intellect),  conse- 
quent upon  their  having  seen  more  of  the  ways  of  the 
world  and  of  cultivation.  Why  is  it  we  do  not  meet 
Englishmen  abroad  as  we  do  foreigners  in  our  nur- 
series ?  It  cannot  be  because  the  foreigners  are  richer 
— in  fact,  those  in  England  are  generally  anything  but 
rich.  The  answer  would,  I  sujipose,  be  that  wages 
abroad  are  so  little,  and  expenses  so  great — the  gene- 
ral idea,  I  believe  ;  but  I  maintain  that  the  wages  and 
expenses  of  a  young  nursery  hand  in  England  and 
abroad  would  be  exactly  parallel  with  one  another. 
If  English  gardeners  were  encouraged  to  go  out  and 
see  a  little  of  the  world,  I  think  they  would  gain  ex- 
perience both  in  horticultural  and  social  aflfairs,  and 
their  education  would  then  be  quite  equal  to  any  of 
the  Continental  gardeners.  This  matter  will,  I  hope, 
receive  the  attention  it  deserves.  B.  M.  P. 

Lawn  Edge  and  Turf  Cutting  Implement. 

Mr.  J.  C.  W.  Heins,  town  gardener,  Bremen,  has 

overcome  the  difiicultiesthat  have  hitherto  beset  the 

various    implements   of  this  kind  brought  out.     It 

consists  mainly   of   a   small    roller,  to   one  end    of 


FOREST    CONSERVANCY    IN 
CANADA. 

The  lovers  of  forestry  and  sylvan  culture  generally 
must  hail  with  pleasure  the  knowledge  of  the  likeli- 
hood, at  no  distant  time,  of  a  thorough  system  of 
forest  conservancy  being  adopted  by  the  Goverment 
of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  It  may  be  said  that, 
seeing  the  vast  area  of  natural  forest  in  our 
Western  dominions,  it  is  surprising  that  this  has 
not  been  thought  of  sooner  ;  but  while  there  lias 
not  existed  hitherto  any  central  Forest  Department, 
individual  dependencies,  such  as  New  Brunswick  and 
Nova  Scotia,  have  not  been  altogether  neglectful  of 
their  forest  resources.  Now,  however,  that  these 
different  provinces  have  been  amalgamated  in  the 
Dominion,  it  has  been  found  necessary,  we  under- 
stand, to  endeavour  to  organise  a  proper  Forest 
Department  as  a  branch  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture. 

My  attention  was  particularly  drawn  to  the  im- 
portance of  this  subject,  by  having  put  into  my 
hands  a  condensed  report  of  a  paper  read  by  Mr. 
Hooper  before  one  of  the  sections  of  the  late  Colo- 
nial Exhibition  on  "The  Ilard-woods  of  Canada," 
and  while  foresters  may  not  concur  in  all  the  conclu- 
sions arrived  at  by  Mr.  Hooper,  his  paper  is  a  most 
valuable  one  on  the  subject,  and  in  many  important 
points  demonstrates  the  necessity  of  the  adoption  of 
a  proper  and  scientific  system  of  management,  as  a 
means  to  produce  most  valuable  timber  in  Canada. 
I  am  glad  to  learn  that  this  paper  has  produced  good 
results  by  arousing  interest  on  the  part  of  the 
authorities  in  this  most  important  subject,  and  that 
awakened  interest  is  taking  practical  shape,  by  Pro- 
fessor Saunders  being  now  instracted  to  organise  (so 
report  says)  a  Department  of  Forestry  in  connection 
with  the  agricultural  experimental  stations  proposed 
to  be  established  in  different  parts  of  the  Dominion. 

This  has  long  been  a  favourite  subject  with  Pro- 
fessor Saunders,  and  the  best  guarantee  that  it  will 
be  carried  to  a  successful  issue  is  the  fact  of  it  being 
relegated  to  his  management.  That  there  are  many 
difficulties  in  carrying  the  work  through  must  be 
evident  to  every  one,  because  it  is  not  confined  to 
the  actual  conservancy  of  the  vast  tracts  of  primeval 
forests  which  extend  from  the  Atlantic  seaboard  to 
the  west  of  Lake  Superior.  This  of  itself  is  a  work 
of  no  ordinary  magnitude,  the  importance  of  which, 
from  an  economic  and  commercial  point  of  view  is 
equally  great ;  but  a  Forest  Department  must  also 
gr.apple  with  an  equally  great,  less  profitable  directly, 
aud  more  scientifically  difficult  question,  viz.,  the 
afforesting  of  the  vast  prairies  of  Manitoba  and  the 
North-West  Provinces.  We  cannot  conceive  of  any- 
thing calculated  more  to  develope  the  great  agricul- 
tural resources  of  this  immense  territory  than  the 
judicious  distribution  of  tracts  of  plantations  through- 
out these  parts  of  the  Dominion. 

The  climatic  influence  of  trees  on  large  open  plains 
has  been,  we  think,  thoroughly  proved  ;  we  there- 
fore feel  sure  that  nothing  will  tend  to  equalise  and 
ameliorate  the  extremes  of  temperature  in  this  rich 
.agricultural  region  more  than  tracts  of  plantations, 
hedgerow  trees,  and  the  encouragement  of  tree 
culture  around  the  homesteads  of  the  West. 

Whatever  may  be  the  system  eventually  adopted, 
we  are  sure,  under  the  enlightened  direction  of  Pro- 
fessor Saunders,  that  no  effort  will  be  wanting  on  his 
part  to  make  it  successful. 

The   evident   effect   of  conservation  and   affores- 


tation being  slow,  and  only  developing  itself  after 
many  years  of  hopeful  toil,  it  is  quite  possible  tliat 
legislators  may  be  inclined  to  be  at  first  rather 
chary  of  granting  the  means  necessary  to  prosecute 
the  work  in  an  eJective  manner.  AVe  would,  how- 
ever, venture  to  hope  that  the  importance  of  the 
subject  will  induce  the  thoroughgoing  statesmen  of 
the  West  to  look  ahead,  and  grant  Professor  Saun- 
ders such  a  staff  of  qualified  coadjutors  as  will  enable 
him  to  carry  on  the  work  in  a  way  calculated,  in  the 
shortest  reasonable  time,  to  make  the  forests  of 
Canada  not  only  an  enhanced  source  of  national 
wealth,  but  also  mater.ally  increase  the  prosperity, 
and  gi-adually  promote  the  agricultural  value  of  the 
large  grain  growing  districts  lying  to  the  west  ot  the 
great  forest  area. 

Too  much  attention  cannot  be  attracted  to  this 
subject,  and  as  one  deeply  interested  in  forestry 
generally,  I  ventured  to  trespass  on  your  space 
with  the  view  of  evoking  home  sympathy  in  such 
an  important  departure  in  the  economic  politics 
of  our  great  Western  possessions.  C.  F.  France,  Aber- 
deen. 


THE    SEED    TRADE. 

CAnnAfiES.  —  The  representative  of  one  of  our 
largest  wholesale  seed  houses  in  London  informed 
me  the  other  day,  that  their  annual  sales  of  one  of  the 
leading  kinds  of  Cabbage— say  the  Nonpareil  type — 
w.is  from  70f)0  to  8000  pounds  weiglit.  Now,  seeing 
that  7000  pounds  represents  &lh  cwt.,  or  just  over 
3  tons,  one  is  compelled  to  exclaim  with  Dominie 
Sampson,  "  Prodigious  ! "  It  does  appear  an  astound- 
ing quantity,  but  the  English  nation  are  great  Cab- 
bage eaters  :  and  Spring  Cabbages,  when  tender  and 
well-cooked,  can  tempt  the  appetite  of  the  most 
fastidious.  If  all  the  Cabbages  sent  into  Covent 
Garden  Market  in  one  twelvemonths  were  counted, 
wliat  a  sum  of  figures  it  would  make  ! 

The  Cabbage  is  a  native  plant,  found  on  the  cliffs 
of  Dover,  and  on  the  coasts  of  Cornwall,  Dorsetshire, 
and  Yorkshire.  Attempts  must  have  been  made  to 
improve  this  wild  plant  and  render  it  more  service- 
able for  domestic  purposes,  centuries  ago.  Philip 
Miller,  as  far  back  as  1731,  enumerated  several 
varieties,  among  them  the  Early  Battersea,  the 
Sugarloaf,  the  Savoy,  Large  Battersea,  and  the 
Red  Cabbages  were  in  cultivation.  In  the  space 
of  forty-five  years,  the  varieties  have  increased 
almost  tenfold,  and  were  all  the  names  under  which 
Cabbages  are  now  sold  to  the  public  collected 
together,  we  should  be  surprised  at  its  length. 

Of  the  smooth-leaved  Cabbages,  there  are  about 
six  distinct  types,  viz.,  the  Sugarloaf  the  Yorks,  the 
Nonpareil,  of  which  EUam's  Early  Dwarf  is  an  excel- 
lent selection  ;  the  Little  Pixie,  a  type  that  comes 
midway  between  the  Sm.all  Nonpareil  and  the  Yorks; 
the  East  Ham,  which  represents  the  fine  market 
Cabbages  all  over  the  country,  and  the  Drumhead, 
which  though  properly  a  cattle  Cabb.age,  is  yet  grown 
in  many  places  as  a  table  variety.  The  Winnigstadt, 
a  Continental  variety  that  is  gi-adually  finding  its 
wav  into  cultivation  in  tliis  country,  differs  from  the 
foregoing  in  the  close  and  compact  manner  in  which 
the  leaves  forming  the  head  are  wrapped  round  each 
other,  and  the  consequent  greater  hardness  and  firm- 
ness of  the  head  ;  it  is  a  medium  early  variety,  and 
bein"  of  a  hardy  character  is  also  adapted  for  field 
culture.  It  may  be  said  to  be  a  good  garden  variety 
also,  and  when  a  trial  of  Cabbages  was  made  at  the 
Uoyal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens  a  few  years 
ago  the  Winnigstadt  was  highly  approved  of. 

The  Sugar-loaf  Cabbage  —  once  a  very  great 
favourite  among  gardeners,  and  which  has  a  head 
like  a  reversed  sugarloaf,  has  its  outer  leaves  erect 
like  those  of  a  Cos  Lettuce.  It  is  a  very  old  variety, 
and  it  is  said  to  be  well  known  in  every  country  in 
Europe  ;  and  though  once  highly  approved  because 
of  its  deliciously  tenderness  it  is  grown  but  very 
little  now,  and  the  sales  of  seeds  is  merely 
nominal.  The  Sugarloaf  Cabbage  has  this  advan- 
tage— it  can  be  sown  in  autumn,  and,  growing  tall 
and  slender,  it  does  not  occupy  a  gi-eat  deal  of  ground , 


104 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  Si,  1887. 


and  the  plants  can  be  placed  close  together.  The 
York  Cabbages  are  among  the  oklest,  and  are  sup- 
posed to  have  originated  at  York,  lience  their  name. 
The  Early  York  is  one  of  the  earliest,  but  it  has 
become  largely  superseded  by  the  Nonpareil  types, 
on  the  ground  tliat  they  are  of  a  superior  cha- 
racter in  point  of  quality.  Tlie  York  Cabbages 
have  a  peculiar  shape — the  outer  loaves,  which 
do  not  assist  to  form  the  head,  are  five  in 
number,  and  bent  b-ack  in  a  contrary  direction.  The 
Large  York  is  simply  larger  in  all  its  parts  than  the 
preceding,  and  in  consequence  of  its  large  outside 
leaves  takes  up  a  great  deal  of  room.  The  O.Kheart 
is  a  Trench  variety  between  the  Large  York  and  the 
Sugarloaf,  and  is  regarded  as  an  excellent  sort  for 
cattle  feeding,  The  Early  Etampes  Cabbage  is  an 
Early  Oxheart,  a  first  early,  small,  and  with  a 
pointed  habit  of  growth.  The  Nonpareil  is  an  old 
and  very  popular  type  of  garden  Cabbage,  and  now 
much  grown,  being  very  tender  and  of  superior 
flavour.  Of  new  types  of  this  Cabbage  the  Cocoa- 
nut  and  the  Heartwell  may  be  mentioned,  as  they 
are  but  good  selections  from  it.  Two  old  and  well 
known  varieties  come  into  this  group,  viz.,  Sliilling's 
Queen  and  Wheeler's  Imperial.  Ellam's  Early  Dwarf 
appears  to  be  identical  with  Beck's  Early  Premier, 
a  selection  made  twenty-five  years  ago  from  tlie 
Nonpareil.  It  is  a  very  fine  selection  from  the  Non- 
pareil type,  cone-shaped,  tender,  early,  and  of 
superior  quality  and  flavour.  Little  Pixieisaverysmall 
sort  of  Early  York,  or  midway  between  this  and  the 
Nonpareil,  and  very  useful  for  sowing  in  spring  to 
have  Cabbages  in  the  autumn,  thus  securing  a  crop  the 
same  season.     Closely  related  to  tlie  Early  York  and 

■  Nonpareil  are  Atkins'  Matcliless,  Barnes'  Eariy 
Dwarf,  Cattell's  Early  Reliance  and  Queen  Nonpareil — 
a  group  of  second  early  varieties,  falling  in  after  the 
Y'orks  and  Nonpareils.  The  East  Ham  is  the  typical 
market  Cabbage,  and  under  this  heading  we  may 
place  such  names  as  Daniel's  Defiance,  Enfield  Mar- 
ket, King  of  the  Cabbages,  Early  Battersea,  Early 
Rainliam,  Wellington,  London  Market,  Manchester 
Market,  Pearson's  Conqueror,  Myatt's  Early  Offen- 
ham,  and  Mein's  No.  1.  All  these  resemble  each  other 

■  in  the  actual  class,  varying  only  a  little  in  shape  and 
e.irliness ;  all  are  excellent  market  varieties,  ol  fine 
quality  and  good  in  flavour.  Hill's  Incomparable 
comes  into  this  group  also.  The  Drumhead  or  cattle 
Cabbages  are  grown  in  very  large  quantities 
now  for  feeding  purposes  and  prove  a  valuable 
food.  No  difficulty  is  experienced  in  growing 
them  to  a  large  size — to  a  half-hundredweight  each  ; 
but  they  must  be  planted  on  good  land.  One  of  the 
best  types  for  cattle  feeding  is  Robinson's  Champion 
Ox.  The  St,  John's  Day  Cabbage  is  of  Drumhead 
shape,  and  German  origin ;  is  now  verv  largely 
used  in  the  colonies,  but  not  much  grown  here. 
Tlie  Drumhead  Cabbages  are  great  favourites  with 
the  Americans  ;  in  America  the  flat-headed  Cabbages 
are  preferred  to  the  pointed  ones,  perhaps  because 
they  suit  the  climate  better.  A  pound  weight  of 
seed  of  Drumhead  Cabbage  will  sow  an  acre  of  land. 
One  large  wholesale  house  gets  through  20,000  lb. 
weight  of  Drumhead  Cabbage  in  a  season,  and  that 
for  exclusively  English  use  ;  this  shows  the  extent  to 
which  Drumhead  Cabbages  are  grown  in  this  country 

The  Colewort  Cabbage  is  a  small  hardy  type  now 
largely  sown  as  an  intermediate  crop  ;  the  .seeds  are 
sown  generally  in  April  and  May,  but  also  at  all 
times  when  it  is  required  to  do  so.  The  custom  is 
to  sow  in  drills  in  the  open  ground,  and  then  thin 
out  the  ])lants  and  plant  them  out  thickly,  and  when 
fit  for  jjulling,  they  are  tied  in  bundles  and  sold  .as 
bunched  greens.  The  Rosette  Colewort  is  but  a  flat- 
topped  rosette-like  form  selected  from  the  commoner 
kind,  but  the  latter  is  preferred  by  the  market  gar- 
deners. The  seed  of  Coleworts  is  saved  mainly  in 
Essex. 

The  seeds  of  garden  Cabbages  are  sown  from 
March  to  August.  The  10th  of  August  is  a  kind  of 
traditional  date  with  some  growers,  but  some  will 
sow  as  early  as  the  20th  of  July.  In  northern 
localities  the  early  Cabbages  are  best  sown  in  si)ring. 
The  best  garden  Cabbages  are  Ellam's   Early  Dwarf, 


t'le  Nonpareil,  and  the  best  types  of  the  East  Ham. 
The  best  market  Cabbages  are  the  finest  seletions 
from  the  East  Ham  type  ;  the  Nonpareil 
is  also  included  for  sowing  at  special  times. 
The  representative  of  one  gf  the  largest  whole- 
sale houses  informed  me  that  they  grew  annually 
30  to  40  acres  of  early  Cabb.ages,  and  from  GO  to  70 
acres  of  the  main  crop  varieties  and  Coleworts. 

In  growing  for  seed  gi'eat  care  is  requisite  to  keep 
the  types  distinct,  so  that  the  high  character  of  certain 
varieties  is  maintained,  and  it  is  necessary  to  make 
selections  every  year  of  the  finest  foi*ms  for  seed 
purposes,  for  it  is  found  that,  unless  this  matter  be 
attended  to.  Cabbages  quickly  degenei-ate,  becoming 
leafy  and  devoid  of  heart.  Cabbage  seeds  being 
gi'Own  in  very  large  quantities,  if  not  rigidly  selected, 
would  naturally  produce  a  very  inferior  article  of 
mixed  character.  Growers,  therefore,  watch  care- 
fully the  development  of  the  plants,  and  destroy  all 
infei'ior  ones,  and  this  leads  sometimes  to  the 
destruction  of  one-half  of  the  crop  in  order  to  secure 
a  superior  type.  The  fertilisation  that  goes  on  by 
means  of  insects  leads  to  degeneracy  in  the  type. 
The  roughest  Cabbages  produce  the  most  seeds. 
Cabbage  seeds  are  grown  mainly  in  Essex,  the  soil 
and  climate  both  being  suitable.  Then  the  seed 
growers  of  Essex  are  trained  to  the  work,  they 
understand  it  thoroughly  and  make  a  business  of  it. 
Hundreds  of  acres  are  devoted  to  Cabbage  evei-y 
year  in  this  fertile  county;  the  produce  of  an  acre 
depends  a  good  deal  upon  the  character  of  the 
season :  it  may  range  from  5  cwt.  to  10  cwt.  per  aci-e. 
The  red  Cabbage  is  a  very  old  type.  It  pro- 
bably originated  long  ago,  and  an}'  record  as  to 
the  occurrence,  it  may  be  assumed,  does  not  exist. 
The  red  Cabbage  is  used  exclusively  for  pickling, 
and  more  largely  so  in  Yorkshire  than  in  any  other 
county.  But  it  may  not  generally  be  known  that 
the  white  Cabbages  are  as  good  pickled  as  the  red 
one,  but  the  red  colour  is  preferi-ed.  The  seed  of  red 
Cabbages  is  saved  mainly  in  Yorkshire,  and,  indeed, 
it  is  found  necessary  to  do  it  miles  away  from 
where  white  Cabbages  are  being  seeded  ;  even  with 
the  greatest  care  red  Cabbage  will  sport  to  a  pale  or 
wholly  white  character. 

The  Thousand-headed  Cabbage,  or  the  Sprouting 
Cabbage,  is  being  increasingly  grown  for  cattle 
feed,  and  is  taking  the  place  of  Rape  seed  for  this 
purpose  in  many  places,  and  the  sale  increases 
rapidly.  It  is  of  such  excellent  flavour  that  it  is  not 
infrequently  used  for  table  purposes  when  winter 
stuff  is  scarce. 

The  Kohl  Rabis,  or  Turnip-rooted  Cabbages,  are 
both  green  and  purple  ;  the  green  is  most  in  demand 
here.  These  roots  are  much  employed  on  the  Con- 
tinent, and  when  cooked  in  asuitablewayarevei-ynice. 
The  Kohl  Rabi  will  grow  on  lighter  land  than  Swedes 
— indeed,  on  land  that  will  not  produce  Swedes,  such 
as  the  fen  lands.  The  sales  of  seed  vary  according  to 
the  extent  to  which  other  seeds  are  grown  for  feeding 
one  of  our  large  wholesale  houses  has  disposed  of  as 
much  as  10  tons  of  seed  in  a  season.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  Kohl  Rabi  are  grown  for  seed  in  Germany, 
but  the  best  stocks  ai'e  grown  at  home,  and  seed  is 
saved  from  them.  The  Kohl  Rabi  is  supposed  to  be 
a  true  hybrid  between  a  Cabbage  and  a  Swede,  but  it 
is  a  conclusion  that  is  open  to  doubt.  In  Italy  the 
swollen  stem  is  often  eaten  before  it  has  gr'own  as 
large  as  a  hen's  egg. 

The  Savoy  Cabbages,  it  has  been  supposed,  take 
their  names  from  having  been  introduced  from 
the  country  bearing  that  name.  In  the  case  of 
these  the  leaves  are  blistered  instead  of  being 
smooth ;  this  circumstance  is  traceable  to  the 
fact  that  the  spongy  substance  of  the  leaves  is  deve- 
loped more  rapidly  than  the  nerves  or  veins,  and 
consequently  become  raised  above  the  level,  not 
finding  room  enough  to  grow  flat  in  the  space 
between  them.  They  are  more  tender  than  the 
smooth-leaved  varieties,  and  they  frequently  suft'er 
much  from  severe  frosts.  Still  they  are  becoming 
greater  favourites  than  ever,  and  as  a  winter  vege- 
table they  are  regarded  as  eminently  sweet  and 
palatable.     The  leading  variety   is  the   Drumhead, 


with  its  hard,  flat,  drum-like  top ;  and  the  small 
green  curled  is  also  very  popular.  An  average  sale 
of  the  Drumhead  bv  a  wholesale  house  would  be 
5000  lb.  weight. 

It  is  said  that  after  the  Cabbage  became  a  recog- 
nised article  of  food  in  this  country  consumers  had 
to  depend  upon  a  supply  from  Holland.  Then  a  Sir 
Anthony  Astley  introduced  it  to  cultivation  in 
English  gardens,  where  it  has  remained  ever  since 
as  a  staple  vegetable.  The  soldiers  of  Cromwell 
first  introduced  the  Cabbage  to  the  North  of  Scot- 
land, and  the  historian  records  to  the  credit  of  this 
grim  uncrowned  king  that  "  Cromwell  was  a  great 
pr'omoter  of  agriculture  and  the  useful  branches  of 
gardening,  and  that  his  soldiers  introduced  all  the 
best  impi"ovements  wherever  they  went."  Pisittn. 


BROOM-ROOT,    OR   MEXICAN 
WUISK. 

Ik  a  recently  issued  Consular  Report  on  the  trade 
of  the  State  of  Vera  Cruz  for  the  year  1886,  under 
the  head  of  Broom-root,  the  following  paragraph 
appears :  —  "  Broom-root  is  a  comparatively  new 
export ;  it  is  found  in  immense  quantities  on  the 
Mexican  plateau,  and  is  only  exported  from  Vera 
Cruz.  It  is  used  Largely  in  the  manufacture  of 
scrubbing  and  other  brushes.  As  will  be  seen  from 
Annex  D,  the  great  bulk  of  this  important  article  is 
taken  by  Germany,  America,  and  Fr*ance,  English 
manufacturers  not  having  yet  appreciated  its  value 
and  cheapness." 

Annex  D  here  referred  to  is  a  return  of  the  value 
of  the  principal  articles  of  export  from  Vera  Cruz 
during  1886,  and  from  this  return  it  would  seem  that 
the  value  of  the  so-called  Broom-i*oot  amounted  to  a 
total  of  £58,633  made  up  as  follows  :— England, 
£2285  ;  United  States,  £17,965  ;  Germany,  £23,787; 
Fi-ance,  £13,696;  Spain,  .£416;  other  countries, 
£483.  Thus  it  would  seem  that  "  Broom-root  "  is  a 
sufficiently  important  article  to  command  some  atten- 
tion, not  only  as  regards  its  commerce,  but  also  its 
botanical  origin.  Upon  making  inquiries  upon  the 
subject,  of  a  wholesale  London  brush-maker,  I  am 
informed  that  Broom-root  is  identical  with 
Mexican  whisk,  or  as  it  is  very  often  called 
French  whisk,  a  name  given  to  it  by  merchants 
for  the  purpose  of  keeping  others  in  the 
dark  regarding  its  origin  or  place  of  production, 
so  that  the  trade  may  be  retained  as  much  as  possible 
in  their  own  hands.  This  Broom-root,  Mexican  cr 
French  whisk,  can  be  bought  in  the  English  market 
at  from  3('.  to  -id.  per  pound.  This  is  little  used 
here  on  account  of  its  inferior  quality.  A  large 
proportion  of  it,  when  made  into  brushes  and 
thoroughly  dry,  is  brittle,  and  bi'eaks  off,  and  for 
this  reason  it  has  never  found  favour  in  England. 
The  Germans  and  French  mix  it  with  Venetian 
whisk,  the  roots  of  Chrysopogon  gryllus,  and  use 
it  extensively  in  the  manufactui'e  of  dandy  brushes, 
which  they  export  to  this  country  at  exceedingly 
low  prices  ;  the  production  of  an  inferior  article, 
however,  has  apparently  spoilt  the  trade  for 
these  brushes,  which  is  gradually  diminishing 
on  .account  of  its  unsatisfactory  character.  The 
brushes  thus  manufactured  and  imported  into  this 
country  are  mostly  clothes  brushes,  carpet  brushes, 
and  velvet  brushes,  but  it  is  not  so  much  used  for 
gci'ubbing  brushes.  The  Venetian  or  Italian  whisk 
is  so  much  superior  to  the  Mexican  that  it  realises 
from  dd.  to  Is.  3rf.  per  pound,  according  to  length, 
and  this  is  the  article  mostly  used  by  brushmakcrs 
in  this  cormtiy. 

The  question  as  to  what  plant  furnishes  Broom- 
root  or  Mexican  whisk  has  yet  to  be  settled.  The 
roots  are  much  thicker,  more  wiry,  and  much  mor-e 
brittle  than  those  of  Chrysopogon  gryllus,  but,  mixed 
with  it,  it  is  not  easily  detected.  I  am  indebted  to 
Mr.  Hemsley  for  pointing  out  to  me  that  one  of  the 
common  gi'asses  of  the  Mexican  plateau  is  Bouteloua 
curtipendula,  and  further  inquiries  may  show  that 
Broom-root  is  furnished  by  this  or  an  allied  grass. 
JofiH  li.  Jackson,  Curator,  Miiseiim,  Kfw. 


July  23,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEnS'     CHRONICLE. 


105 


Fruit  Register. 


STRAWBERRY    OXONIAN. 

Mr.  G.  T.  Miles  has  this  very  fine  late  Strawberry 
in  grand  condition  just  now  at  Wycombe  Abbey, 
lie  has  line  after  line  of  its  plants,  about  three  years 
well  established,  that  are  bearing  marvellous  crops 
of  fruit,  large,  well  coloured,  and  very  showy.  Mr. 
Miles  speaks  of  it  in  the  highest  terms,  and  regards 
it  as  being  a  better  frnit  than  Elton  Pine.  Straw- 
berries are  well  grown  at  Wycombe  Abbey.  They 
are  heavily  mulched  in  spring,  Mr.  Miles  holding  the 
opinion  that  as  the  tendency  of  well-established 
plants  is  to  thrust  their  crowns  up  out  of  the  soil,  it 
is  necessary  tliat  top-dressing  be  freely  given,  so  as 
to  bring  the  soil  well  up  about  the  crowns.  Plenty 
of  room  is  given  to  the  plants,  and  the  earth  between 
them  is  forked  over  in  autumn,  care  being  taken  not 
to  disturb  the  roots.  Mr.  Miles  renews  liis  planta- 
tions once  every  three  or  four  years  at  the  farthest. 
But  some  sorts  appear  to  be  curiously  uncertain  : 
British  Queen,  for  instance,  does  not  appear  to  do 
so  well  at  Wycombe  Abbey,  but  the  sorts  that  do 
well,  produce  not  onlv  fine  crops,  but  fruit  of  excel- 
lent flavour.  E.  D. 

JPQLANS   REGIA   PB.EPABTDnlENS. 

Within  two  rods  of  our  oflice  stands  a  young  tree 
of  the  English  Walnut,  prseparturiens,  planted  four 
years  ago,  when  a  seedling  two  years  old.  The  tree 
at  this  writing  (June  1)  is  well  provided  with  fruit 
blossoms,  just  ready  for  the  fertilising  pollen — but 
the  pollen  is  lacking,  no  "  catkins  "  having  appeared  ; 
and  if  we  do  not  succeed  in  finding  suitable  pollen  in 
the  neighbourhood  to  apply  artificially,  the  tree  will 
remain  sterile  from  the  same  cause  that  it  has  for 
now  three  years — lack  of  pollen.  The  J.  pricparturieus 
shows  its  perfect  willingness  to  bear  fruit  .it  a 
very  early  age,  by  the  development  of  numerous 
fruit  blossoms.  The  male  blossoms  (catkins),  how- 
ever, are  hardly  ever  produced  until  the  tree 
becomes  quite  large.  Hence,  if  planted  within 
reasonable  distance  of  bearing  Walimts,  which  can 
furnish  the  needed  pollen,  the  tree  will  bear  very 
young ;  otherwise  it  may  not  bear  earlier  than  the 
common  variety.  We  were  too  late  to  find  pollen  of 
the  English  Walnut,  all  the  catkins  having  dropped  ; 
so  we  applied  pollen  of  the  Black  Walnut  very  freely, 
in  the  hope  of  causing  the  prajparturiens  to  retain 
and  mature  its  fruit.  In  this  we  were  disappointed  ; 
all  the  enbryo  nuts,  after  slightly  swelling,  having 
now  withered  and  dropped.  This  indicates  either 
that  we  cannot  rely  on  Black  Walnut  pollen  for  the 
fructification  of  English  Walnuts,  or  that  the  pistils 
were  past  the  receptive  state  when  the  pollen  was 
applied.  The  latter  appears  to  us  the  more  likely. 
American  Orchard  and  Garden. 


Forestry. 


INSECT  PESTS. 
These  are  a  fruitful  source  of  injury  to  trees,  par- 
ticularly to  Conifers,  and  can  only  be  successfully 
dealt  with  during  the  early  summer  months,  for  then 
they  are  more  easily  seen  and  fonnd  than  when  their 
dormant  forms  are  assumed  during  the  cold  weather 
of  winter.  Only  now  and  again,  however,  do  the 
terrible  ravages  of  particular  insects  assume  so 
serious  an  aspect  as  to  attract  public  attention  in 
this  country ;  but  when  we  consider  how  a  knowledge 
of  these  insect-pests  is  all-necessary  in  many,  indeed, 
the  majority  of  cases,  to  the  successful  culture  of 
plants,  the  only  wonder  is  that  so  much  ignorance 
exists  amongst  those  who  are  responsible  for  the 
welfare  of  the  woods  and  plantations  placed  under  their 
charge.  The  Pine  beetle  (Hylurgus  piniperda)  (fig.  2.5) 
is  a  dread  enemy  to  coniferous  trees  generally,  and, 
what  is  worst,  it  has  usually  got  well  established  in  a 
plantation  before  its  presence  is  detected,  be  the 
forester  ever  so  vigilant  in   his   outlook   for  such, 


Numerous  cases  have  been  brought  under  our  own 
notice  of  late  years  of  the  rapid  increase  of  this  beetle 
in  certain  districts,  and  tliat  where  it  had  never  been 
noticed  before.  In  one  instance  a  whole  nursery  of 
young  Pine  trees — Austrian,  Corsican  and  Scotch — 
had  to  be  destroyed,  so  rapidly  did  the  Pine  beetle 
increase  in  numbers;  while  in  another  case  which 
came  directly  under  my  own  notice  nearly  all  the 
plants  of  Pinns  Laricio  in  an  average-sized  planta- 
tion were  att'ected  with  this  beetle,  and  their 
leading  shoots  totally  destroyed.  As  this  par- 
ticular wood  was  at  an  elevation  of  nearly  1000 
feet  above  sea-level,  I  was  for  some  time 
puzzled  to  make  out  how  the  beetle  had  become 
transported  thither,  but  my  surmises  were  soon  set 
at  rest,  for  amongst  the  recently  felled  branches  in 
an  adjoining  young  plantation  their  presence  was 
soon  detected,  and  from  whither  they  had,  no  doubt, 
found  their  way  to  the  young  and  closely  adjoining 
plantation.  This  case  should  act  as  a  warning 
never  to  allow  branches  to  lie  about,  as  they  are  but 
fosters  for  innumerable  insect  pests,  the  best  way  to 
deal  with  all  prunings  being  to  burn  them  on  the 
spot  should  they  not  be  reiiuired  for  faggot  making. 
In  the  case  of  the  Pine-beetle  the  grub  is  usually 
found  in  decayed  wood,  whereas  the  perfect  state  or 
beetle  usually  selects  the  last  year's  growth  of  almost 
any  of  the  Pine  family,  but  invariably  the  leading 
shoot,  and,  gnawing  a  hole  in  it  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  point,  works  its  way  into  the  centre  of  the 
shoot,  and  then  upwards  till  it  arrives  at  tlic  leading 


Fkt.  25.— the  pixe-beetle  (hvlurgus  pimperda). 


or  terminal  bud,  where  it  bores  its  way  out  again. 
Generally  speaking  this  is  one  of  the  worst  insect 
pests  with  which  the  forester  is  troubled,  and,  once 
it  appears,  no  time  should  be  lost  in  getting  it 
exterminated.  A.  D.  Webster. 


The  Orchid  Houses. 


The  WAitstEST  Division.  —  Galeandra  Bauerii, 
now  in  flower,  should  have  liberal  treatment  when 
growing;  it  does  very  well  suspended  about  1  foot 
from  the  roof,  in  the  PiiaUcnopsis  house,  and 
must  be  supplied  with  abundance  of  water  until 
the  pseudobulbs  are  fully  developed  and  tlie 
foliage  shows  signs  of  ripening,  after  whicli  time 
scarcely  any  water  should  be  given  until  growth 
recommences.  Dendrobium  stratiotes  deligiits  in 
great  heat,  as  do  D.  Harveyanum,  D.  bigibbum,  D. 
Lowii,  D.  Bensoniaj,  D.  phaheuopsis,  and  D.  Dearei. 
Plants  of  D.  formosum  giganteum  that  were  kept 
dry  during  winter,  are  now  growing  vigorously  under 
similar  treatment. 

The  Cool-houaes.  —  In  the  Odontoglossum-house, 
■where  the  sphagnum  moss  grows  freely,  the  base  of 
the  new  gi'owths  soon  becomes  hidden  by  it ;  this 
might  do  good  in  keeping  the  plants  moist  and  cool, 
but  I  think  it  often  causes  the  foliage  to  become 
weak  and  drawn,  so  that  when  developed  it  has 
scarcely  strength  enough  to  bear  its  own  weight.  I 
do  not  suppose  they  get  this  clothing  of  sphagnum 
in  their  native  habitat,  therefore  we  make  it  a  rule 
to  examine  the  plants  about  midgun^mer,  and  take 


away  tlie  overgrown  moss,  and  pinch  oil"  the  green 
heads,  to  top-dress  other  plants  with ;  at  the  same 
time  dipping  and  cleaning  any  plant  that  may  require 
it,  also  washing  the  pots  and  stages,  after  which  tlie 
plants  remain  clean  for  some  time. 

Mhcellancous. — If  the  fires  that  heat  the  Kast 
Indian  and  Cattle3'a-houses  have  been  let  out  they 
should  be  put  in  readiness  to  light  again  as  soon  as 
rainy  or  dull  weather  sets  in.  Phahenopsis  will  often 
sutler  when  the  night  temperature  falls  below  05'^ 
without  artificial  heat,  when  tlie  atmosphere  is 
highly  charged  with  moisture,  whereas  in  winter,  at 
the  same  temperature,  they  would  be  quite  safe. 
Cattleyas  and  Ladias  also  will  lose  their  newly 
made  pseudobulbs  in  the  same  way.  The  least  heat 
in  the  pipes  is  sufficient  to  cause  the  air  to  circulate 
C.  Woodford,  Duwnaide. 

MiLTONIA    (OdONTOGLGSSCTM)    VEXILLARIA. 

If  we  are  to  go  by  the  prices  obtained  for  it  at  the 
Orchid  sales,  this  handsome  Miltonia,  notwithstanding 
the  large  importations  of  it,  is  not  so  plentiful  in  nur- 
series as  it  used  to  be,  its  popularity  having  caused  a 
great  demand  for  plants.  It  is  a  pity  the  flowers  last 
such  a  very  short  time  when  they  are  cut  from  the 
plants  ;  they  will  fade  even  with  the  greatest  care  in  a 
day  or  two,  whereas  even  during  tlie  present  hot 
weather  the  flowers  have  remained  in  good  condition 
on  the  plants  in  the  cool  house  for  a  month.  Our  large 
specimen,  which  was  so  well  figured  in  the  Gardvncrs 
Chronicle  last  autumn,  was  in  flower  a  month,  and  on 
July  8  we  cut  off",  to  relieve  the  plant,  the  spikes 
with  the  flowers  still  quite  fresh.  It  had  this  year 
sixty-four  spikes,  on  which  were  365  flowers.  It  not 
being  possible  to  count  the  flowers  when  they  are 
fully  open,  we  take  the  precaution  to  count  the 
flowers  when  tliey  are  in  bud.  As  soon  as  the 
flowers  are  all  cleared  off,  the  plants  are  dipped  into 
a  solution  of  tobacco-water  and  soft-soap  to  clear 
them  of  thrips  I  formerly  repotted  the  plants  once 
in  two  years,  but  now  this  U  done  annually,  and 
the  roots  soon  push  through  amongst  the  fresh 
compost,  in  which  they  aeeni  to  revel.  "When  the 
plants  are  of  moderate  size  and  gi'owlng  freely,  they 
should  not  be  pinched  for  pot-room,  but  may  receive 
good  shifts  ftt  each  repotting. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


Lachenalias. — These  pretty  Cape  bulbous  plants 
amply  repay  any  pains  taken  in  growing  them,  by 
the  free  way  in  which  they  blossom  in  the  spring, 
when  they  can  be  turned  to  good  account  in 
the  conservatory.  They  are  adapted  either  for 
pot  or  basket  culture,  and  particularly  when 
utilised  for  the  latter  purpose.  Their  culture  is 
simple,  yet  the  plants  are  often  overlooked  in  gar- 
dens at  the  present  season,  receiving  injury  by  being 
allowed  to  make  considerable  growth  before  being 
repotted.  As  soon  as  there  is  a  symptom  of  root 
growth  they  should  be  turned  out  of  their  pots  and 
sorted,  about  nine  of  the  largest  bulbs  being  sufficient 
to  place  in  a  G-inch  pot,  which  is  a  suitable  size  to 
use.  In  potting  the  bulbs  should  be  so  imbedded 
that  their  tops  just  reach  the  surface  of  the  compost, 
which  should  consist  of  loam  with  a  moderate 
quantity  of  sand  and  leaf  soil.  The  undersized  bidba 
may  be  planted  closer  together,  and  grown  on  to  a 
flowering  size.  Both  sets  of  plants  should  be  placed 
upon  a  bed  of  coal  ashes  in  a  cool  frame,  be  freely 
ventilated,  and  sparingly  watered  until  a  good  start  be 
made.  Triteleias  are  also  useful  early  flowering  bulbs, 
that  succeed  satisfactorily  when  subjected  to  similar 
treatment  as  the  above. 

Hedychiums. 
Of  these  we  grow  the  following  sorts  only: — H. 
coronarium,  H.  Gardneriannm,  and  H.  G.  Sad- 
leri :  the  last-named  is  a  fine  form  of  the  pre- 
ceding. The  species  require  a  cool  stove  tem- 
perature and  roomy  pots  and  rich  compost. 
Plants  that  have  made  good  stems  and  conse- 
quently considerable  root  progress,  will  need 
copious  supplies  of  water  and  moderate  applications 
of  liquid  manure  until  they  complete  their  growth, 
for  the  quality  of  their  sweetly-scented  flower-spikes 
depends  mainly  upon  the  strength  of  their  gi-owth. 
They  are  well  adapted  for  conservatory  embellish^ 
ment  when  in  blossom,  and  form,  when  arranged 
in  groups,  attractive  objects.  T/ianm  Coomhcr,  The 
Ilendrc  Gardens, 


106 


THE     GAliDENERS'     GHEONIGLE. 


[Jdly  23,  1887. 


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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


MEETINGS. 

(  Royal  Horticultural  Society  :  Couu- 
I      cil,    and    Scientitic,    Fruit    and 
.TULy  26/      Floral  Committees'  Meetings. 

j  Scottish Arboricultural Association: 
'      Aununl  Jleeting. 

SHOWS. 

,,,,,.  „.  t  Miscellaneous  Show  at  the  People's 
•  ^"  -'  t      Palace,  Loudon,  E.  (two  days) . 

i  National  Carnation  and  Picotee  So- 
Jl'LY    215 .      ciety'3  Show  (Southern  Section), 

(     at  South  Kensington. 
.ItTLY  23— Royal  Oxfordshire  Horticultural. 
July  29  '  "°5'''>1    Horticultural   of  Absrdeen 


TfKJRSQAY, 
FRtDAY, 


TUESDAY. 
THURSDAY, 
FRID.4Y, 


'\      (two  days). 

;  Liverpool    Horticultural     Associa- 
I      tlon     (and     on     the     following 
.TutY  30.'      Monday). 

1  Royal  Southampton    Horticultural 
V     (and  on  the  following  Monday). 

SALES. 

T,,-..  ofi  (  Orchids  in  Flower,  at  Protheroc  &, 
JULY  26^     Morris' Rooms. 

TitiY  oo  (Importatic 

JULY    _»^       T^    a„„.1. 


not  see  the  magnificent  samples,  whether  of 
flowers,  fruit,  or  vegetables,  which  come  into  the 
market  or  which  are  exhibited  at  the  leading 
exhibitions  in  London  or  the  provinces,  have  no 
idea  of  the  comparative  inferiority  of  their  own 
productions.  It  may  be  \ery  good  and  very 
creditable  under  the  circumstances,  but  for  all 
that  it  may  be  inferior  to  that  furnished  Ijy 
regular  growers  for  market. 

Then  there  is  the  question  of  packing,  the 
importance  of  which,  in  spite  of  all  that  has 
been  said,  is  apparently  not  yet  fully  recognised. 
The  very  finest  samples,  badly  packed,  are  often 
worthless  on  arrival.  We  can  thoroughly  sym- 
pathise with  the  dealers  in  this  matter.  Of  the 
hundreds  of  plants  sent  to  us  for  name,  or  of 
fruits  sent  as  samples,  it  is  the  exception  to  see 
one  properly  packed.  The  samples  leave  their 
destination,  it  may  be,  in  excellent  condition, 
but  the  sender  too  often  ignores  the  fact  that  his 
packages  have  to  bear  the  brunt  of  a  long 
journey  in  the  posl^bag  or  in  the  railway-van, 
and  that  (in  our  own  case,  at  least  1  the  p.tckaje 


reply,   which   it   will,   we   are  sure,    be   for  the 
general  benefit  to  publish  : — 

"  In  reply  to  your  letter  of  this  morning,  we  sent 
tlie  small  box  of  Strawberries  packed  in  light  ijaixh- 
inent-])aper.  Tliey  were  packed  in  two  layers ;  a 
soft  bed  of  tissue-paper  was  first  placed  in  the  bo.x, 
and  upon  this,  to  cover  the  bottom  and  the  side,  a 
sheet  of  ]>archment-paper,  which  is  impervious  to 
moisture,  was  placed.  Tlie  fruits  were  tlien  one  by  one 
carefully  laid  on  the  paper,  a  gentle  pressure  given 
to  fix  them  in  position,  and  prevent  them  from 
moving  loosely  about  when  filled.  Of  course,  we 
avoided  bruising  them,  and  endeavouied  to  fill  up 
the  interstices  as  much  as  possible.  Another  sheet  of 
paper  was  jdaced  on  the  toji.  and  upon  tliis  the  second 
layer  was  laid  in  exactly  the  same  manner  as  the 
previous  one.  This  was  covered  by  another  sheet, 
and  on  the  top  of  it  a  buffer  of  tissue-  paper  rolled  u|i, 
or  crumpled  up,  in  the  hand.  A  more  elaborate  way 
for  more  delicate  fruits  tlian  those  of  Paxtou  is  to 
lay  each  berry  iu  a  8e])arate  slip  of  parchment- 
paper,  and  similarly  jtack  in  layers.  MV*  have  found 
the  paper  much  superior  to  leaves,  as  there  is  no 
dirt,  no  fading  and  decaying  leaves,  which  are  any- 
thing but  pleasant  when  combined  with  bruised 
Strawberries.     We  ]iay  about  M.  jier  ]iound  r(jr  the 


FlO.    5C. — HYBRID   TACSONIA. 

Sepals  and  petals  removed  to  show  the  petal-like  stamens  and  the  i 


C0MPLAINT.S  as  to  the  low  prices 
Fruit"         w'hich  the  growers  obtain  in  the 

London  markets  continue  to  reach 
us,  and  \-arious  suggestions  are  made  with  a  view 
of  remedying  the  grievance.  A\'e  are  always 
ready  to  open  our  columns  to  any  fair  statement 
on  either  side,  more  than  this  we  can  hardly  do, 
unless  it  be  to  point  out  some  of  the  causes  which 
lead  to  dissatisfaction  on  one  or  both  sides.  In 
the  first  place  there  are  dealers  and  dealers,  some 
men  of  the  highest  respectability,  and  others  less 
well  known.  And  there  are  different  kinds  of 
consigfnors.  The  amateur  who  sends  small  quan- 
tities to  market  at  irregular  intervals  must  ne- 
cessarily always  be  placed  at  a  disadvantage  as 
con^parefl  with  the  professional  grower,  who  may 
be  depended  upon  to  send  consignments  of  average 
or  superior  quality  in  fair  quantity  at  any  time 
according  to  season.  Moreover,  the  small  grower 
very  ofteii  sends  his  goods,  considering  them  to 
partake  of  the  nature  of  swans  when  more  ex- 
perienced judges,  having  the  command  of  much 
larger  quantities  from  various  parts  of  the 
country,  see  in  them  nothing  but  geese. 
Growers  who  only  see  the  produce  of  their 
own    or    their    neighbqur's    gartluns,     *nd     dp 


may  have  to  undergo  a  second  journey  before  it 
reaches  its  destination,  and  may  have  to  remain 
unopened  for  some  considerable  time — sometimes 
a  day  or  two. 

It  is  pleasant  when  we  meet  with  an  excep- 
tion. Such  an  one  occurred  in  the  case  of  a 
consignment  of  Strawberries  which  lately 
reached  us  from  Messrs.  "\V.  Lovel  &  Sons,  of 
Driffield.  The  fruit  was  an  excellent  sample 
to  begin  with,  comprising  good  specimens 
of  Sir  .loseph  Paxton,  Filbert  Pine,  Presi- 
dent, and  British  Queen.  It  had  a  railway 
journey  to  London,  transit  to  this  office,  further 
transit  into  the  suburbs.  On  arrival  at  their 
ultimate  destination  it  was  conlidently  expected 
that  what  with  the  shaking  the  package  must 
have  received,  the  heat  of  the  weather,  and  the 
time  that  must  have  elapsed  since  the  picking, 
the  fruits  would  have  been  half-way  at  least  on 
the  road  to  jam.  To  our  surprise  this  was  not 
so.  The  proportion  of  bruised  fruit  was  very 
small — the  great  majority  were  in  excellent  con- 
dition Struck  with  this  result,  we  communi- 
cated with  Messrs.  Loy'f.i,  as  to  their  method  of 
packlijg,   wi)o   obliged    us    \vith   the    following 


]iaper,  but  had  we  to  use  a  large  t|uantity  we  could 
obtain  it  much  cheaper.   W.  Lovel  ij-  Son." 


It  is  not  long  since  an  elaborate 

The  Weather  j  ^^        jj     ^^    ^j   j^^gj    ^^ 

and  the  Plants.  '^  .  ,        l     t,         1 

vegetation  was  issued  by  the  l{oyal 

Horticultural  Society.  This  is  the  most  complete 
thing  of  its  kind  yet  published,  but  it  is  a  question 
whether  the  Society  should  not  undertake  to  col- 
lect facts  as  to  the  effects  of  the  present  extraor- 
dinary season.  In  the  meantime,  as  the  Society 
may  possibly  object  to  incur  further  expense  in 
this  direction  we  may  suggest  that  it  would  be  of 
interest  if  some  of  our  correspondents  would 
furnish  us  with  their  experiences  as  to  the  beha- 
viour of  particular  crops  and  particular  plants, 
together  with  such  details  as  to  soil  and  water- 
supply  as  may  be  requisite. 

A\'e  know  of  one  garden  in  which  nearly  half 
the  Rhododendrons  in  a  large  bed  are  burnt  and 
shrivelled — actually  cremated,  while  others  in 
the  same  bed  with  the  same  exposure  are  still 
flourishing.  Osmanthus  ilicifolius  and  green- 
leaved  ."VuBubas  in  the  same  garden  are  nearly 


Jdlt  23,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     ClfBONICLE. 


107 


in  as  bad  a  plight,  while  the  common  Ancuba  ia 
uniujureJ.  Phloxes,  as  might  be  expected,  are 
shrivelled  up ;  Chrysanthemums  have  made 
no  growth,  Roses  came  all  at  once,  of  excellent 
quality  but  short  duration.  Henry  Jacoby 
Pelargonium  has  the  centre  of  each  truss 
burnt  up;  even  Clematis  .TaclcmanniX  shows 
the  effect  of  the  drought,  or  the  heat,  or 
both,  hy  the  sm.illliess    of  its  flowers.       Peas 


give   a  sulHcient   record   of   the  effects    of   the 
weather  in  these  two  cases. 


Hybrid  Taosonia.— In  our  issue  for  July  9  we 
liaJ  occasion  to  alhiJe  to  a  curious  hybrid  Tacsonia 
raised  out  of  T.  insignis  by  T.  Volxemii  by  Mr. 
S-MYTHK,  Basing  Parii  Gardens,  and  we  took  occasion 
to  describe  the  very  singular  malformed  flowers 
wliich  were  the  result  of  that  cross.    At  the  time  wq 


Kaustkn  in  the  Fhra  of  Culoiidiia  was  apparently  a 
similar  malformation,  but  was  made  by  that  author 
the  type  of  a  new  genus.  We  append  Mr.  Ander- 
son's letter,  and  thank  him  for  the  reminder.  He  it 
was  also  who  first  brought  under  our  notice  the 
splendid  Tacsonia  which  wg  described  and  figured 
under  the  name  T.  insignis;—^ 

"  I  enclose  flowers  of  Tacsonia,  a  hybrid  between 
insignis  and  Volxemii ;  you  at  the  time  thia  was 


Fia,  27. — riMn  of  a  viwa  garden,  axd  section  op  the  grocno.    (sbs  p.  109.) 


have  dried  up.  Lettuces  have  run  to  seed, 
Plums  have  dropped  their  leaves,  other  fruit  trees 
have  dropped  their  fruits,  Pyrethrum  uliginosum, 
like  the  Phloxes,  is  suffering,  while  P.  uligino- 
sum is  still  flourishing,  and  all  the  better  for 
being  dwarfed ;  and  Stenactis  speciosa  is  also 
uninjured.  We  indicate  these  facts  with  a  view 
of  eliciting  other  information  of  a  like  character 
which  may  be  of  interest.  Our  annual  report 
on  ths  fruit  and  Potato  crops,  which  will  be 
puljlj«he4  on  August  6  and  13,  will  doubtless 


overlooked  the  fact  that  ilr.  Andeeson,  gardener,. 
Sowerby  House,  Hull,  had  sent  us,  so  long  ago  as: 
1875,  flowers  of  a  hybrid  raised  from  the  same 
parentage,  and  the  jieculiar  malformations  of  which 
were  figured  in  our  issue  for  August  7, 187o,  and  were 
of  the  same  character  as  those  in  Mr.  Smythe's 
flowers  (fig.  26).  The  foliage  of  Mr.  Anderson's  plant 
is  more  like  that  of  T.  Volxemii,  while  that  of  Mr. 
SaiYTHE  more  nearly  resembles  that  of  T.  insignis. 
To  those  interested  in  the  history  of  hybridisation 
the  whole  story  may  be  commended  as  one  of  sin- 
gular and  uuHsua!  interest.    The  pJint  described  by 


raised — ten  or  more  years  since — suggested  that  it 
should  be  known  as  T.  insignis  X  Andersoni.  I  at 
the  time  raised  m.any  seedlings,  all  having  the  same 
character  of  flower.  This  hybrid  if  fertilised  with 
insignis  reproduces  that  variety  both  in  flower  and 
leaf,  having  all  the  parts  perfect.  If  fertilised  with 
Volxemii,  the  leaf  of  that  sort  is  restored,  but  my 
plants  thus  raised  are  not  yet  in  bloom  ;  I  expect  the 
flower  will  be  perfect.  I  have  crossed  this  and  both 
parents  with  pollen  from  some  of  the  Passifloras,  but 
although  I  produced  seemingly  perfect fruitand  seed, 
tlie  latter  had  no  germ,  so  that  out  of  hundreds  of 
seeds  I  have  had  no  plants.  As  a  decorative  plant, 
T,  AndersoB)  X  is  not  equal  to  either  of  its  parents, 


108 


THE     GAEDENEnS'     CHEONIGLE. 


[July  23,  1887. 


altlioiigh  very  nice  in  late  autumn  and  early  winter. 
The  fruit  of  tliis  variety  is  Pear-shaped.  liohert 
Antld'^oii." 

Honours    to    Horticulturists.— Dr.   Ed- 

WAED  VON  ]{eqel  iiucl  I'rofessor  Dr.  H.  G,  Reichen'- 
BACH  have  received  fi'om  tlie  King  of  Saxony  the 
Komthurkreuz,  Second-class  of  the  Order  of  Al- 
BRECHT  ;  and  M.  Adolphe  d'IIaene,  of  Ghent,  and 
Mr.  Sander,  of  St.  Albans,  have  received  the  Rittcr- 
ki'euz  of  the  same  Order. 

LiLlUM  BROWN!.— Mr.  Ware  sends  us  a  flower  of 
tliis  Lily  which  received  a  First-class  Certificate  at 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  lately.  It  is  a  hand- 
some Lily,with  bold,  short,  lanceolate  leaves,  and  a  ter- 
minal, recurved,  very  fragrant  flower,  about  5  inclies 
long,  trumpet  shaped,  with  the  tube  slightly  distended 
in  the  middle  ;  the  segments  are  oblong,  yellowish- 
buft',  shaded  with  dark  violet  on  the  outer  surface. 
It  has  been  called  viridulum.odorum,  andjaponicum 
but  its  correct  namejs  that  here  given.  It  is  figured 
at  t.  8  of  Elwes'  Monograph. 

The    London    Boulevard   Association.— 

This  Association,  wliicli  lias  worked  so  much  good  in 
beautifying  the  neglected  squares,  disused  church- 
yards, and  other  places  in  the  more  crowded  parts  of 
London,  opened  on  Monday,  July  18,  the  large 
burial-ground  of  Stepney  jiarish  church.  The  cere- 
mony was  performed  by  Her  Grace  the  Duchess  of 
Leeds  in  a  few  touching  words.  Lord  Dorchester, 
and  many  friends  of  tlie  Association  being  present. 
The  little  pavilion  was,  said  the  Rev.  E.  Hoskyns, 
the  Rector,  exactly  over  the  spot  where,  in  the 
time  of  the  Plague  of  London,  200  bodies  were 
buried.  The  ground  dealt  with  is  about  7  acres 
in  extent.  Trees,  beds  and  borders  of  shrubs, 
with  flowering  plants  at  the  margins,  a  rockery, 
broad  gravelled  spaces,  basin  and  fountain,  and 
excellent  turf,  make  this  one  of  the  pleasantest 
spots  to  be  found  in  the  East  end  of  the  town. 
Limehouse  churchyard  was  likewise  opened  ou 
Thursday',  July  21.  The  area  here  is  about  3  acres, 
inclusive  of  the  ground  occupied  by  the  chui-ch 
itself.  Notwithstanding  the  reproach  of  unhealthi- 
ness,  poverty  and  dirt,  so  frequently  cast  at  tliis  part 
of  East  Loudon,  its  death-rate  is  stated  to  be  much 
lower  than  that  of  many  parts  of  the  West-End. 
The  wide  main  roads,  the  nearness  of  the  Thames — 
an  excellent  lung  for  this  portion  of  London— and 
the  alertness  of  the  parochial  authorities  in  all 
matters  pertaining  to  public  health,  having  tended 
to  promote  the  high  sanitary  record  of  the  district. 

The  Use  of  the  Leaves.— We  commend  the 
following  letter  to  the  special  attention  of  our  Grape- 
growers.  The  matter  is  not  only  of  cardinal  im- 
portance to  tliem  as  practitioners,  but  it  is  of  high 
interest  as  a  matter  of  vegetable  i)hysiology.  We 
know  of  no  experiments  exactly  similar.  Our  own 
impression  would  be,  that  the  bunches  derive  their 
main  sujiplies  of  food  from  the  old  canes  from  which 
they  spring,  and  tliat  the  work  of  the  newly-produced 
leaves  is  mainly,  but  not  entirely,  to  act  as  feeders  to 
supply  the  stores  in  the  old  wood,  and  not  to  feed 
the  young  bunch  except  to  a  limited  extent.  But 
the  whole  question  is  one  of  such  great  interest  and 
importance  that  we  hope  our  correspondent  will  con- 
tinue his  experiments,  and  let  us  know  the  results  :— 

"By  injirching  young  shoots  of  different  sorts  of 
Grapes,  as  early  in  the  season  as  possible,  on  each 
other,  I  have  endeavoured  to  see  the  effect  of  the 
leaves  on  the  fruit.  In  a  vinerv  with  diflferent  sorts 
growing  side  by  side  I  took  voiing  shoots  as  soon  as 
they  were  strong  enough  to  bear  manipulation, 
inarched  them  on  the  neighbouring  plants,  left  them 
till  well  grown  together,  and  then  cut  them  awav 
about  the  time  that  the  Grapes  were  thinned'. 
Several  examples  have  now  been  cut  away  about  two 
months,  and  are  going  on  well.  I  should  like  to 
know  if  anything  of  the  kind  has  beni  triid  befori', 
and  if  it  is  possible  to  say  bifcuvliaiid  wliat 
influence  (if  any)  foreign  leaves  Ihat  is  the  h-avcs  of 
another  variety— have  on  the  Gra|)cs.  ( liic  cane 
in    my   experiment   has   foreign   leaves  below    tlie 


bunch,  another  foreign  leaves  above,  a  third  has 
foreign  leaves  above  and  below  and  no  leaves 
of  its  own  at  all.  If  the  leaves  really  are  pre- 
paring and  supplying  the  materials  for  the  fruit, 
I  should  expect  to  find  their  influence,  at  least 
in  the  last  case,  on  the  Grapes,  especially  as 
regards  colour  and  flavour,  and  that  should  be  easily 
detected  in  this  case.  If  the  experiment  is  not  tried 
before,  and  you  wish  it,  I  shall  be  glad  to  send  you  a. 
couple  of  examples  for  inspection  when  ripe,  which 
they  will  be  in  about  three  weeks.  M.  P.  Andersen, 
Gimnai-storp,  Swiden."    [Please  do  so.  Kd.] 

Officiers  D'Academie.- M.  Rocx,  of  Mar- 
seille, and  M.  Baltet,  of  Troyes,  have  received  this 
distinct  inn. 

CrinUM  MooREI.  — The  7?(C«p  Horikole  for 
July  1  gives  a  coloured  figure  of  this  species,  which 
is  a  native  of  Natal,  but  hardy  at  Glasnevin  and  in 
AVestern  France.  Cultivated  in  jiots,  M.  Axdue 
recommends  a  rich  well-manured  soil,  abundance  of 
water  during  growth,  and  free  ventilation.  The 
plants  require  repotting  once  in  two  years. 

The  "British  Moss  Flora. —Dr.  Bkaith- 

WAiTE  has  completed  the  tenth  ]mrt  of  his  Si-ilish. 
Muss  Flora,  comprising  the  Tortulaeea;  and  the 
Weberacea?.  We  cannot  overpraise  the  loving  care 
and  thoroughness  with  which  this  work  is  executed, 
alike  in  the  text  and  in  the  ])lates,  and  which  render 
it  an  honour  to  British  science.  It  is  published  in 
parts  by  the  author  at  303,  Clapham  Road. 

"  LiNDENIA."  —  The  second  volume  terminates 
with  the  announcement  that  henceforth  the  periodical 
will  be  issued  from  the  residence  of  M.  Lccien 
Linden,  100,  Rue  Belliard,  Brussels.  The  plants 
figured  in  recent  numbers  are  :— • 

THclwueiitmm  albo  purpureiim  var.  striatum,  t.  85. 
— A  variety  difl^ering  from  the  type  in  the  dull 
orange-coloured  segments— which  have  a  brighter 
yellow  edge,  while  the  lip  is  marked  with  numerous 
violet  stripes. 

Cirloffi/nepamturata.  t.SG.— This  is  as  interesting 
as  it  is  beautiful,  but  it  does  not  take  with  amateurs. 
Its  large  green  flowers  are  sutticiently  remarkable, 
but  in  addition  there  is  a  lyre-sliaped  lip,  with 
two  upturned  side  lobes,  both  the  disc  and  the 
lobes  being  marked  with  large  spots  and  blotches 
of  the  richest  shining  black.  It  is  a  native  of 
Borneo. 

Caitleya  Schilleriana  var.  Amaliana,  t.  87. — A 
variety  with  the  perianth  segments  purplish-brown, 
with  a  few  spots  of  a  darker  colour ;  lip  three- 
lobed,  side  lobes  curved  inwards  over  the  stalk  of  the 
lip,  front  lobes  transversely  oblong,  all  whitish,  with 
ft  dense  reticulation  of  violet  nerves.  It  was  im- 
ported by  JI.  Bleu  from  Brazil. 

Oncklium  \Varsccwic:tt,  t.  88. — A  species  with 
erect  raceme-like  clusters  of  yellow  flowers,  in  which, 
however,  the  flowers  expand  from  above  downwards. 

Caitleya  Kindjalliana,  t.  89.— A  species  or  hybrid 
with  narrow,  oblong,  whitish  sepal."!,  broad  refle.xcd 
petals  of  the  same  colour,  lip  white  with  the  anterior 
lobe  rich  magenta,  the  throat  yellow  with  lilac 
stripes.  Messrs.  Linden  and  Eodiqas,  who  publish  the 
form,  would  consider  it  intermediate  between  C. 
Triauic  and  C.  Eldorado  splendens,  were  it  not  for 
the  fact  that  these  two  species  arc  geographically 
far  removed.     The  plant  is  a  native  of  Venezula. 

Galeandm  Jlawola,  t.  90.  —  The  flowers  of  this 
species  have  linear  sepals  and  petals  of  a  pale 
brownish  colour,  while  the  shovel-shaped  lip  is  pale 
yellow. 

Calanthc  Regnieri,  t.  91. — A  species  with  pseudo- 
bulbs  constricted  in  the  middle,  and  with  flowers 
with  white  segments,  while  the  three-Iobed  lip,  lijce 
the  column,  is  of  a  rich  rose  colour. 

Angrrecum  Ellisii,  t.  92.— A  jiretty  small-flowered 
species  with  the  flower-segments  and  long  spur  pure 
white.  The  flowers  themselves  are  borne  in  pendul- 
ous racemes. 

<hhmti)glossmn  Coradinei  var.  grandijljriim,  t.  93. — 
Yellow,  with  chocolate  spots. 

PhaUeiiopsis  Liiddcmaimiaiia,  t.  94.  —  White,  with 


closely  set  transverse  violet  bars  ou  the  sepals  and 
petals. 

Masdevallia  Veitehiana,  t.  9."i. — Flowers  orange, 
flushed  with  violet. 

Selcmpedium  caudatitm  var.  gigantea,  t.  96. — A 
variety  remarkable  for  its  very  large  flowers  and 
robust  habit. 

Hyacinths    at    Haarlem. —  We  understand 

that  in  consequence  of  the  unusually  cold  weather  of 
tliis  spring,  in  and  about  Haarlem,  the  growing  crops 
of  all  sorts  are  very  backward  this  season,  and  there- 
fore the  flower-roots,  especially  the  Hyacinths,  will 
most  probably  not  arrive  at  full  maturity  at  the 
usual  time,  and  consequently  exportations  may  be 
somewhat  later  than  usual. 

The     "  Botanical     Magazine."  —  Recent 

numbers  of  this  valuable  publication  contain  illus- 
trations of  the  following  plants  : — 

Oxera  piikhella,  LauillardiEbe,  t.  G938. — A  hand- 
some Verbenaiieous  climber  allied  to  Clerodendron, 
and  a  native  of  New  Caledonia.  The  specimen 
figured  came  from  Sir  Geobge  Macleay's  garden. 
It  bears  shortly  stalked,  lanceolate  glabrous,  obscurely 
crenate  leaves  and  pendulous  axillary  clusters  of 
curved  white  bell-shaped  flowers,  each  about  2  inches 
long,  with  two  projecting  stamens.  This  is  one  of 
the  handsomest  stove  plants  recently  figured,  and,  so 
far  as  we  know,  has  not  previously  been  flowered  in 
British  gardens. 

Jii-hmea  mgriophylla,  Bakek  ex  Morren  MSS.,  t. 
(5939. — Under  this  name  Mr.  Baker  describes  a 
Btemless  Bromeliad,  with  tufts  of  long  sword- 
shaped  channelled  spine-toothed  leaves  surrounding 
a  central  stalked  much  branched  panicled  cyme. 
The  cyme  branches  are  spreading,  and  each  bears 
two  rows  of  flowers.  The  calyx  is  pinkish,  half  the 
length  of  the  deep  violet  corolla.    Native  of  Brazil. 

Carej:  scaposa,  C.  B.  Clarke,  t.  6940. — This  is  a 
new  species,  described  by  Mr.  C.  B.  Clarke.  It  is  a 
native  of  the  Lo  fau  shan  Mountains,  on  the  main- 
land, opposite  Hong  Kong,  where  it  was  discovered 
by  Mr.  C.  Ford.  It  is  a  remarkable  species,  with 
very  broad  lanceolate  leaves,  tapering  to  a  long 
stalk,  and  light  much-branched  panicle  of  lilac 
spikelets. 

Pultentea  rosea,  F.  v.  M.,  t.  6941.— A  beautiful 
greenhouse  shrub,  figured  by  us  at  vol.  i.,  1877,  p. 
431,  fig.  67. 

Iris  Vartani,  Foster,  t.  6942. — A  new  bulbous  Iria 
from  Palestine,  described  by  Professor  Foster  in  our 
columns,  1885,  p.  438. 

Lonchoearpus  Barteri,  Benth.,  t.  6943. — Visitors  to 
the  gallery  of  the  Palm-stove  at  Kew  last  autumn 
must  have  been  struck  with  the  gigantic  climber 
with  large  pinnate  leaves  and  tufts  of  violet  or  rose- 
coloured  flowers,  borne  in  elongated  racemes.  The 
]jlant  has  long  been  an  inmate  of  the  Palm-stove, 
but  had  not  flowered  till  it  reached  nearly  the  top  of 
the  house,  overtopping  the  other  vegetation,  and 
getting  the  full  benefit  of  exposure  to  the  sun.  It 
is  a  Leguminous  plant,  native  of  tropical  Africa. 

Alpinia  .:ingihcri)ia.  Hook,  f.,  t.  6944. — This  is 
the  curious  Siam  Ginger,  noted  by  Mr.  Watson  in 
Gard.  Chron.,  1886,  p.  150.  Its  rhizomes  have  the 
same  properties  as  those  of  the  common  Ginger,  but 
are  larger.  The  flowers,  too,  are  different  and 
remarkable  for  the  broad  li]),  with  a  central  yellow 
stripe,  from  which  diverge  on  either  side  red  stripes. 
This  is  a  very  interesting  plant,  respecting  which 
further  information  is  desired,  and  those  interested 
in  economic  botany  and  the  development  of  the 
resources  of  our  colonies  will  be  thankful  to  Sir 
Joseph  Hooker  for  thus  illustrating  it. 

Tillaiidsia  Jonghei,  Koch,  t.  6945. — One  of  Pro- 
fessor Morren's  Bromeliads,  known  in  gardens  under 
the  erroneous  name  of  Encnolirion.  It  has  very 
broad,  entire,  strap-shaped  leaves,  and  erect,  two- 
rowed  racemes  of  flowers,  each  about  1 — 2  inches  long, 
with  a  green  calyx  half  the  length  of  the  violet 
corolla. 

Corijdalis  Ledchouriana,  t.  6946. — A  pretty  tuberous 
sjiecies,  the  flowers  of  which  appear  before  the  leaves. 
The  leaves  are  glaucous,  ternately  divided,  the  flowers 


/ 


r     Jolt  23,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CJlRONICLE. 


]09 


racemose  with  long  pink  spurs.  It  is  a  native  of 
North-east  Turkestan,  and  flowered  in  the  garden  of 
H.  J.  Elwes.  Esq. 

■  Strohilanflies  ftacckli/olius,  t.  6947.— An  Indo- 
Chinese  species  yielding  Assam  indigo,  as  mentioned 
in  Fonruxe's  Ecsidcncr.  in  China.  It  forms  an 
erect  shrub,  with  lanceolate  leaves  tapering  to 
a  long  stalk,  and  with  long  curved  tubular  violet 
flowers,  each  about  2  inches  long.  This  again  is  a 
valuable  contribution  to  economic  botany,  and  is 
suggestive  of  possible  future  utilisation. 

"Orchid  Album."— In  the  last  number  of  this 
useful  periodical  are  coloured  flgures  of— 

LxUa  degans,  mi:  WolstcnJwImice,  t.  285.— A  vai-iety 
originally  introduced  in  1865,  and  still  rare.  The 
flowers  have  narrow  segments,  white,  edged  with 
purplish-rose ;  lip  l.irge,  white  at  the  base,  with  a  deep 
)iurple  blotcli.  It  is  .an  autumn-flowering  varietyj 
requiring  to  be  grown  in  the  warmest  end  of  the 
Cattleya-house. 

Dcndivbium  priimdinum,  t.  286.— In  this  beautiful 
species  the  flowers  are  f  inch  across  with  oblong 
acute  lilac  sepals  and  a  large  rounded  pale  sulphur- 
yellow  lip. 

Cattleija  MardeUi  X,  t.  286.— A  grand  hybrid 
raised  by  Mr.  Seden,  in  Messrs.  Veitcu's  establish- 
ment(see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1879,  vol.  xi.,  p.  234). 
The  sepals  and  petals  are  bright  magenta-coloured, 
tlie  lip  tri-lobed,  the  spreading  side-lobes  are  pale 
magenta  shading  to  white  towards  the  middle,  while 
the  large  middle  lobe  is  wholly  bright  magenta-purple 
bearing  a  rich  yellow  stripe  down  the  centre.  Flowers 
in  May  and  .June.  The  plant  figured  flowered  in  the 
collection  of  Mr.  W.  Lee. 

Dendrobiiim  Treachcrianmn,  t.  288. — A  Boniean 
species,  resembling  some  kinds  of  Sarcopodium,  with 
erect  flower-spikes:  flower-segments  white  with 
vinous  purple  along  the  centre  ;  lip  dark,  port  wine- 
coloured,  shading  to  white  at  the  edge,  It  is  a 
winter-flowering  species  which  Mr.  Pow-ELr.,  Mr. 
Betjier's  Orcli id-grower,  finds  to  thrive  well  on  a 
block  cut  from  the  stem  of  a  Tree  Fern  (Dicksonia). 
The  present  number  finishes  the  sixth  volume. 
Messrs.  Warneb  and  Williams  m.ay  be  congi-atulatcd 
on  the  serviceable  nature  of  their  publication.  The 
cultural  notes  are  especially  valuable. 

GARDENERS'  ROYAL  BENEVOLENT  INSTITU- 
TION.—The  Secretary  of  the  In.stitution  informs  us 
that  the  Eight  Hon.  Joseph  Chamberlain,  M.P., 
has  consented  to  take  the  chair  at  the  forty-fifth 
anniversary  festival  of  this  Institution,  to  he  held  in 
the  summer  of  1888. 

The  Prince  Consort's  Association  Show 

AT  Windsor,  July  19.— in  tlie  large  tent  adjoining 
tlie  Koyal  enclosure  was  a  fine  exhibit  from  Messrs. 
Si'TTON  &  Sons,  Heading,  which  included  a  capital 
collection  of  their  choice  strain  of  Gloxinia ;  six  boxes, 
in  distinct  colours,  of  seedling  Hollyhocks,  with 
flowers  remarkably  double;  white,  red,  and  golden 
Mignonette,  white  Lilies,  annual  Chrysanthemums, 
Calendulas,  Larkspurs,  and  many  other  varieties  of 
blooming  annuals,  biennials,  and  perennials. 

Chevalier  Henri  Wawra   de    Fernsee.— 

The  death  of  tliis  botanist,  formerly  a  surgeon  in 
the  Austrian  uavy,  and  latterly  editor  of  the  Wiener 
Illustrirtc  Garten  Zeitung,  is  .innounced.  Dr. 
Wawha  was  engaged  in  working  up  the  Bromeliaceaj 
of  the  late  Edward  Moreen's  herb.arium,  and  his 
death  is  a  great  loss  for  Austrijiu  horticulture  and 
botany. 

Mr.  BULL'S  Orchids.-Mi.  Boll  has  had  quite 
a  flock  of  Koyal  aud  distinguished  visitors  to  see  his 
Orchids  during  the  last  few  days. 

Seedling   Anthuriums.  — Anthurium   paris- 

iense  is  a  seedling  from  A.  Scherzerianum,  raised 
by  M.  Bleo,  of  Paris,  and  having  the  spathes  of  a 
delicate  salmony  rose  colour.  A.  S.  var.  bruxel- 
lense  is  a  seedling  from  the  same  origin,  but  with 


spathes  of  a  deep  crimson-scarlet  colour.  The  first 
named,  with  its  delicate  tint,  is  compared  to  the 
efl'eminate  gi'ace  ch.ar.acteristic  of  Paris  !  The  second 
to  the  robust  habit  of  the  Flemings,  and  especially 
of  the  Brabancons '.  The  two  plants  named  are 
figured  in  the  last  number  of  the  I'.iusl ration  Horti- 
cole,  t.  Id  and  19. 

Emigration. — AVc  are  so  commonly  asked  to 
give  advice  on  this  subject,  and  naturally  so  un- 
willing to  incur  the  risk  of  doing  so,  that  we  gladly 
again  call  attention  to  the  circulars  issued  from  the 
Emigrants'  Information  Office,  31,  Broadway,  "West- 
minster. Tliese  documents  are  issued  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Colonial  Oflice,  and  may  be  relied  on 
as  giving  the  most  autlientic  and  disinterested  infor- 
mation as  to  the  demand  for  labour  in  any  particular 
colony,  the  means  of  getting  to  it,  and  any  informa- 
tion likely  to  be  of  service  to  tiie  intending  emigrant. 
No  gardener  should  take  any  steps  in  the  matter 
before  consulting  these  documents. 

The  Puritan.— We  learn  that  the  stock  of  this 
Rose  lias  been  purchased  by  Messrs.  Elliott  &  Co., 
of  Pittsburg,  for  18,000  dols.  This  Rose  is  one  of  Mr. 
Bennett's  raising,  and  is  the  one,  cut  flowers  of  which 
attracted  so  much  attention  at  South  Kensington  in 
the  spring,  when  they  were  exhibited  in  a  wonder- 
fully fresh  condition  considering  that  they  had  made 
a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic. 

Nepenthes  Henryanax.— A  hybrid  raised  in 
Mr.  Williams'  establisliment,  between  N.  Hookeri 
and  N.  Sedeni.  The  pitcliers  are  large,  purijlish-red, 
with  numerous  green  spots,  the  rim  of  the  pitcher  is 
marked  with  alternate  stripes  of  gi'een  and  violet, 
the  lid  is  green,  edged  with  rose.  The  variety  is 
figured  at  t.  xv.  of  the  last  number  of  the  Illustration 
Horticole, 


Notices  of  Books, 

The  Herb  of  the  Field,  &c.  By  Charlotte 
M.  Yonge,  author  of  the  Heir  of  Rcdchjfe, 
Revised  and  corvected.  (Macmillan  &  Co.) 
It  is  80  long  ago  since  \ve  first  met  with  this  book 
that  we  hardly  care  to  take  the  pains  to  ascertain 
when  it  was.  Suffice  it  to  say  we  liked  the  book  then 
and  we  like  it  now.  Many  things,  however,  have 
changed  since  then,  and  this  book  among  them.  It 
was  written  primarily  for  children,  and  it  was  well 
adapted  for  its  purpose  of  giving  the  youthful  reader 
an  insight  into  the  conformation  of  the  commoner 
flowers.  We  know  that  it  was  appreciated  at  the 
time,  and  we  think  it  quite  likely  that  it  will  be 
appreciated  still.  Nevertheless,  the  fact  remains, 
that  it  was  written  in  pre-Darwinian  days,  and  so 
far  as  we  have  seen  it  has  not  been  revised 
accordingly.  The  facts  remain,  but  the  significance 
of  the  facts  has  been  rendered  marvellously  clearer 
than  it  was  before.  To  admire  the  gi*ace  and  elegance 
of  foliage,  to  wonder  at  its  infinite  diversity  of  form, 
to  be  attracted  by  the  beautiful  colour  harmonies,  or 
struck  by  the  contrasts  in  the  flower,  to  count  the 
stamens  and  pistils,  and  sort  the  flowers  according  to 
their  structure  —  all  this  was  done  in  the  pre- 
Darwinian  times,  and  little  else.  It  was  Danvin's 
genius,  not  exclusively  but  especially,  that  showed 
the  machinery  in  motion,  explained  the  how,  the 
why  and  the  wherefore,  dug  down  into  the  past  and 
soared  into  the  future,  till  the  whole  history  of  the 
plant  was  made  to  pass  before  our  eyes.  Kingsley 
had  done  much  the  same  sort  of  thing  in  his  way  ; 
even  Ruskin,  with  all  his  eccentricities,  had  shown 
that  plants  and  trees  were  living  creatures,  and 
should  be  studied  as  such,  and  not  as  mere  stones  in 
a  wall.  The  consequence  is  that  the  botany  of  this 
present  year  of  grace  is  a  very  different  thing  to 
what  it  was  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago.  Miss  Yonge, 
however,  judging  from  the  present  book,  ignores  all 
this :  what  it  was  the  book  remains — at  least  sub- 
stantially.   It  may,  however,  be  commended  as  an 


introduction  to  book^  of  more  modern  lore;  wherein 
the  lesson?  Miss  Yonge  seeks  to  convey  are, 
to  our  thinking  (having  known  both),  so  much 
more  impressively  and  io  much  more  completely 
conveyed. 

Although  the  work  is  announced  as  revised  and 
corrected  there  is  still  room  for  additional  labour  in 
this  particular.  One  great  aim  with  the  writers  of 
such  books  is  so  to  write  that  the  readers  shall  have 
in  the  future  as  little  as  possible  to  unlearn.  This 
desirable  result  is  not  obtained  by  perverting  the 
truth  for  the  sake  of  simplicity  of  expression. 


The   First  Year  of  Scientific  Knowledge. 

By  Paul  Bert.  Translated  by  Josephina  Clayton 
(Madame  Paul  Bert).  (London  :  Belfe  Brothers.) 
Anything  from  the  pen  of  the  late  Paul  Bert  re- 
lating to  scientific  matters  is  sure  to  receive  respect- 
ful attention.  The  present  volume  contains  elemen- 
tary information  on  animals,  plants,  stones,  and  soils, 
physics,  heat,  light,  &c.,  chemistry,  animal  and  vege- 
table physiology.  The  information  is  conveyed  in 
the  simplest  form  and  there  are  excellent  summaries 
of  each  subject,  leading  questions  to  be  answered, 
subjects  suggested  for  composition,  numerous  wood- 
cuts, and  a  glossarial  index  which  might  with  advan- 
tage be  extended.  Madame  Bert,  who  has  translated 
the  book,  is  of  Scotch  birth.  We  strongly  recom- 
mend the  book  for  use  in  schools,  and  advise  young 
gardeners  who  have  had  no  scientific  education  to 
make  themselves  masters  of  this  little  volume  which 
they  may  readily  do  without  much  expenditure 
of  time  or  labour.  There  are  a  few  statements 
here  and  there  which  require  to  be  taken  with  a 
little  discount,  thus,  on  the  first  page  we  are 
told  that  plants  never  move  out  of  their  place,  and 
feel  neither  blows  nor  caresses.  These  are  singular 
statements  indeed  from  Mr.  Paul  Bert,  but  they 
show  how  difficult  it  is  to  preserve  strict  accuracy  of 
statement  with  a  popular  style  of  presentment.  The 
same  remark  applies  to  the  statement  as  to  the 
colourless  liquid  which  exudes  from  a  fly.  We  sus- 
pect French  schoolboys  are  as  cruel  and  thoughtless 
as  English  ones,  and  if  so,  they  must  have  had 
practical  evidence  that  this  statement  is  incorrect. 
In  spite  of  trifling  inaccuracies,  incident  to  the 
simple  style  adopted,  this  little  volume  will  form  an 
admirable  introduction  to  more  advanced  treatises. 


LANDSCAPE    GARDENING. 

The  few  observations  I  shall  make  on  the  prin- 
ciples of  landscape  gardening  will  be  confined  to  one 
or  two  leading  points.  The  plot  of  ground  dealt  with 
is  but  a  small  one,  and  does  not  admit  of  a  great  deal  of 
detail,  orthecarryingout  of  any  complex  idea,  as  will 
be  observed  by  a  glance  at  the  plan,  fig.  27,  p.  107. 
The  first  thing  to  notice  is  the  shape  of  the  ground, 
its  advantages  and  disadvantages  with  regard  to  its 
surroundings,  levels,  aspect,  &c.  ;  then,  having  fi.xed 
the  sites  for  the  house  and  offices  that  are  the  most 
convenient  for  utility  and  comfort,  the  next,  or 
second  step,  is  to  take  note  of  the  surrounding 
country,  and  attempt  to  bring  in  whatever  distant 
views  the  limited  space  will  allow,  and  which  should 
always  be  considered  in  choosing  the  site  for  a  house, 
although  it  should  not  be  treated  as  of  the  first  con- 
sequence, for  in  our  changeable  climate  aspect  is  of 
infinitely  more  importance. 

Repton  wrote  in  regard  to  the  prospect  from  the 
■windows  of  a  house,  that  "  We  have  no  choice  of 
moving  the  point  of  view ;  it  is  fixed,  and  must  be 
station.ary  ;  it  is  therefore  necessary  to  study  this 
■with  full  attention,  and  to  ascertain  what  are  the 
objects  most  desirable  to  form  this  permanent 
scenery,  and  how  other  objects  may  be  introduced  to 
vary  and  enliven  the  landscape  always  seen  from  the 
same  spot." 

By  showing  lines  of  sight  on  this  plan  I  have 
endeavoured  to  point  out  how,  by  judicious  planting, 
distant  views  may  be  taken  in,  and  in  no  way  allowed 
to  interfere  with  the  harmony  of  the  design.  I  will 
now  explain  the  details  of  pl.an. 


no 


THE     GABDENEBS'     Clin  0  NI CL  E. 


[Jolt  23,  1887. 


The  design  I  have  chosen  is  a  corner  plot  of 
P'ound  abutting  on  tlie  high  road,  which  is  planted 
with  an  avenue  of  Chestnuts,  and  surrounding  it 
on  two  sides.  The  house  (1)  stands  in  a  pro- 
minent position,  with  the  ground  sloping  gradually 
from  it  on  all  sides  except  the  north-east,  and  has  a 
large  conservatory  (2)  attached  to  it. 

The  lawn  (.3)  in  front  of  the  house  has  been 
levelled  and  prepared  as  a  lawn-tennis  ground  ;  and 
the  walk,  wliich  runs  round  it,  is  slightly  lowered, 
thereby  giving  the  two  grassed  areas  the  appearance 
of  being  both  in  one  piece  wlien  viewed  from  the 
house,  or  at  a  distance. 

The  summer-house  (.5)  is  conveniently  situ- 
ated, comm.anding  good  views  over  the  lawn  and 
p.addock,  besides  being  an  agreeable  object  as  seen 
from  the  house.  Several  flower  beds  are  placed  in 
advantageous  positions,  so  as  to  vary  and  enliven  the 
different  parts  of  the  grounds.  The  paddock 
(4)  is  divided  from  the  pleasure-grounds  by  an 
invisible  iron  fence,  which  does  not  obstruct  or 
mar  the  beautiful  views  of  the  hills  and  otlier 
pleasing  objects  in  the  distance. 

A  group  of  Cedrus  Deodara  (14)  has  been  placed 
sufficiently  wide  apart  at  the  top  end  of  the  lawn-tennis 
ground  to  allow  the  distant  views  to  be  seen,  which 
would  have  been  obstructed  if  a  shrubbery  had  been 
substituted.  The  whole  of  the  grounds  is  enclosed 
by  an  ornamental  iron  fence  and  a  Holly  hedge. 
The  approach  is  formed  as  a  continuation  of  the 
high  road  which  gives  it  a  fine  appearance. 

A  convenient  road  is  also  made  to  the  stables  (9), 
house,  offices,  and  kitchen  garden  (10);  the  whole 
being  well  screened  by  planting  from  the  mere  private 
grounds.  Several  ornamental  flower-beds  planted  as 
carpet  patterns  are  shown  (6).  The  fountain  (7), 
which  should  always  be  an  object  of  beauty  in  a  gar- 
den, is  effective  on  this  side  of  tlie  house.  The  beds, 
situated  in  recess  (8),  are  planted  with  Khodo- 
dendrons.  Azaleas,  Kalmias,  Andromedas,  Ericas,  and 
other  American  plants,  and  add  pleasant  features 
to  the  garden  in  this  part.  Tlie  kitchen  garden  (10) 
is  of  good  she,  with  greenhouse  and  vinery  (11), 
fr.ames  (12),  and  potting  and  boiler-shed  (1.3). 
The  letters  .k,  n,  on  plan  show  the  line  of  section. 
A.  G.  Jackmait,  Landscape  Gardener,  Woktne). 


Cultural  Memoranda. 

HERBACEOUS  CALCEOLARIAS. 

Now,  and  again  towards  the  end  of  the  month, 
seed  of  herbaceous  Calceolarias  should  be  sown,  to 
raise  plants  for  flowering  next  April  and  May. 
Shallow  pans  effectively  crocked,  filled  to  the  rim  with 
a  compost  consisting  of  three  parts  light  sandy  loam 
and  one  of  leaf-mould,  pressed  firmly  together,  should 
be  used.  Sprinkle  a  little  silver-sand  over  the 
surface  of  the  soil,  and  make  the  whole  thoroughly 
moist  half  an  hour  before  sowing  the  seed  thereon  ; 
then  put  the  pan  .so  sown  in  a  handlight  in  the  shady 
side  of  a  cool  greenhouse  or  under  a  north  wall  out- 
of-doors,  jiutting  a  square  of  glass  and  a  covering  of 
moss  over  each  jian,  or  a  mat  if  a  handlight  be  used, 
60  as  to  maintain  an  equable  temperature.  The 
seed,  if  good,  will  come  up  within  ten  or  twelve  days 
from  the  dale  of  sowing,  when,  as  a  matter  of  course, 
the  shading  must  be  removed  and  a  little  fresh  air 
given  to  the  .seedlings.  These,  as  soon  as  they  are 
large  enough,  should  be  pricked  out  into  pans,  and 
grown  on  near  the  glass  in  a  close  shady  frame, 
afterwards  potting  them  into  small  fiO's,  shading  thf 
)ilants  from  sunshine,  and  in  due  time  shifting  them 
into  larger  pots,  using  coarser  loam  at  each  shift, and 
a  sprinkling  of  coarse  river  or  drift  sand.  Give  the 
l>lants  more  air  and  light  as  they  increase  in  size. 
Slugs  are  very  partial  to  the  young  plants;  therefore 
their  attacks  must  be  guarded  against.  H.  W.  W. 

CaHNATION    GnENADIEn. 

By  florists  who  gi-ow  Carnations  for  exhibition 
imrposes  alone  this  certainly  will  not  be  valued,  but 
those  who  have  to  provide  a  varied  and  large  quan- 
tity of  cut  flowers  will   fully  n)i]ireciatc    its  useful 


qualities.  It  is  quite  hardy,  has  a  dwarf  habit,  and 
freely  produces  brilliant  blossoms,  which  are  beauti- 
fully fimbriated.  Clove-scented,  and  very  early.  It 
is  in  reality  almost  as  floriferous  as  the  common 
white  fringed  Pink,  and  affords  a  good  succession  of 
flowers.  Plants  of  it  can  be  raised  from  seed  in  a 
similar  manner  to  Asters,  Stocks,  &c.,  and  we  find  a 
very  small  percentage  indeed  of  them  prove  to  have 
single  flowers.   T.  C. 


Roses. 


NEW  ROSES  AT   THE   EDINBURGH   SHOW. 

The  meeting  of  the  National  Rose  Society  this 

year  at  Edinburgh  was  ons  of  especial  interest  in 


maay  points  of  view— for  the  first  time  it  was  a  truly 
National  show,  for  all  divisions  of  the  empire  were 
irepresentcd.  Ireland  sent  its  most  redoubtable  Rose 
•growers,  Wales  was  rejiresented,  while,  as  might  have 
heen  expected,  both  Scotland  and  England  sent  a 
numerous  phalanx  of  exhibitors.  This  would  have  been 
still  further  increased  had  it  not  been  for  the  terribly 
'disappointing  season,  which  sent  so  many  flowers 
"with  a  rush  into  bloom,  and  made  the  Rose  season,  in 
the  South  at  any  rate,  a  very  short  one.  But  as  your 
reporter  has  given  a  full  account  of  the  show,  1  shall 
"confine  my  remarks  to  a  subject  which  is  always  of 
interest  to  rosarians,  who,  like  the  Athenians  of  old, 
are  always  on  the  look-out  for  some  new  thing,  and 
to  myself  personally  it  was  a  matter  ol  inti-rest  in 
consequence  of  a  statement  made  by  one  of  the  cor- 
respondents of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  in  reference 
to  a  Rose  of  which  report  had  given  a  good  account, 
I  raran 

Knr/f)fI>Kfrrin  (A.  Dickson  &  Son,  Newtonards). 
—  I    had   ne5vr  had   the  ojiportunity  of  seeing  this 


Rose,  but  in  giving  my  views  on  new  Roses  1  had  stated 
that  it  had  received  a  nnmberof  First-class  Certificates. 
This  opinion  was  combatted  by  a  correspondent  who 
signed  himself  with  the  very  absurd  name  of  "  Tame 
Rose."  His  contentions  were  twofold  :  1.  That  the 
authorities  who  had  given  it  First-class  Certificates 
cariied  no  weight ;  and  that,  2.  It  was  identical  with 
a  Rose  brought  out  three  years  ago  by  M.  Eugene 
Verdier,  and  called  Prosper  Langier.  As  1  had  not 
then  seen  the  flower  I  was  not  in  a  position  to  con- 
tradict this  latter  statement,  and  waited  until  I  had 
an  opportunity  of  seeing  it  before  replying.  Messrs. 
Dickson  &  Son  exhibited  a  stand  of  twelve  at 
Edinburgh,  which  not  only  obtained  the  prize  for  the 
best  twelve  of  any  Rose,  but  it  was  awarded  a  Firs!- 
class  Certificate  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  the 
judges.  I  may  mention  that  when  seedlings  are 
adjudicated  upon,  it  is  the  custom  of  the  Society  to 
ask  all  the  judges  to  form  a  committee  and  decide. 
When  I  say  that  the  committee  on  this  occasion 
comprised  such  growers  as  Mr.  T.  li.  Hall  the  Rev. 
.1.  H.  Pembertou,  Messrs.  Garnet,  Hore,  Whitwell, 
George  Paul,  Cant,  Harkness,  and  the  two  Secre- 
taries of  the  National  Rose  Society,  I  do  not  think 
that  even  "Tame  Rose"  will  have  the  hardihood 
to  say  that  they  were  incompetent  to  decide.  As 
to  its  being  like  Prosper  Langier  I  can  only  say  that 
this  opinion  is  a  very  extraordinary  one.  Prosper 
Langier  is  a  pure  Rose,  Earl  of  Dufferin  a  shaded 
crimson,  and  neither  in  form,  foliage,  nor  colour  is 
there  the  slightest  resemblance.  If  General  .Tacqne- 
minot  and  Duchesse  de  Morny  are  alike,  then  are 
these ;  but  the  idea  is  too  absurd,  and  Rose  growers 
will  hail  with  pleasnre  the  advent  of  a  new  and 
distinct  flower  in  Earl  of  Dufferin. 

Sir  liowlaiid  Hill  (Mack  &  Sons).— From  a  fresh 
quarter  we  hail  with  satisfaction  a  new  and  distinct 
Rose.  Many  of  the  older  rosarians  will  remember  a 
very  beautifully  coloured  flower,  raised,  I  believe,  by 
Lacharme — Souvenir  de  Dr.  Jamaiu;  it  was  lovely 
in  colour,  and,  I  remember,  was  a  great  favourite 
with  my  late  valued  friend,  Mr.  Radclyffe  ;  but  it 
was  always  too  small  for  an  exhibition  Rose.  Now 
Sir  Rowland  Hill,  which  is,  I  believe,  a  chance  seed- 
ling, has  almost  exactly  the  same  colour — a  bright 
ruby-claret ;  but  it  has  what  the  older  flower  had  not 
— size,  and  will,  I  think,  be  a  valuable  addition  to 
our  show  Roses. 

Countess  of  Dufferin  (A.  Dickson  &  Son).— This 
is  a  light-coloured  Rose,  of  good  form,  and  with 
what  Rose  growers  call  a  good  deal  of  stuff  in  it ; 
it  was  not,  however,  shown  in  a  condition  in  which 
any  fair  judgment  could  be  pronounced  upon  it,  but 
to  me  it  seemed  a  Rose  of  consideriible  promise. 
Wild  Rose. 

[With  regard  to  the  Earl  of  Dufferin  Rose,  which 
we  ourselves  advised  Messrs.  Dickson  to  show,  an 
unfortunate  omission  occurred  in  our  report  of  the 
Rose  Show  in  Edinburgh.  This  was  necessarily 
hurried,  in  order  to  reach  us  on  the  Thursday,  so  that 
Messrs.  Dickson's  triumphant  vindication  of  their 
prolcfje  was  not  mentioned.  This  w.is  the  more  nn- 
Jortunate  owing  to  the  unjust  slur  cast  upon  it  by  a 
former  correspondent.  That  "  Tame  Rose  "  was 
mistaken,  or  incompetent  to  give  an  opinion,  is  shown 
by  the  fact  that  when  shown  in  Edinburgh  the  Earl 
of  Duflerin  Rose  not  only  gained  a  Special  Certifi- 
cate, but  also  the  1st  prize  in  its  class,  among  ten 
competitors,  including  Messrs.  Cant,  Cranston, 
Cocker,  Smith,  Croll,  House,  &c.,  the  competing 
Itoses  being  Alfred  Colomb,  Merveille  de  Lyon, 
Baroness  Rothschild,  Madame  Gribriel  Luizet,  Dr. 
Andry,  Louis  van  Houtte,  Queen  of  Queens,  &c., 
the  judges  being  the  cream  of  the  cream.  We  men- 
tion these  details  in  justice  to  JMessr.-s.  Dickson,  and 
to  the  judges  of  the  Glasgow  show  of  last  year, 
who  might  otherwise  feel  annoyed  at  tlie  omission  in 
question.  Ed.]. 


Home  Correspondence. 


PHILOSOPHY  OF  WATERING  OUTDOOR  PLANTS. 
—I  did  n<.t  rx|ic.-t  this  sul.ii'ct  to  |iass  unelial- 
Imslrd,  and  wciild  not  «ish  Ihi-  i-iMilrrs  lo  f.dl.iw  the 
.•xanipir  of  the  •.tuibiif,  who.  wh.Mi  lii-<  tulor  said  he 
would  prove  to  his  .satisfaction  that  he  was  right  in 
a  certain  problem  of  mathematics,  replied,  "  That 
the  Professor  need  not  take  so  much  trouble,  for  he 
would  believe  him  if  he  said  it  was  so."  I  desire 
that  every  one  should  make  trial  for  himself,  and 
prove  what  he  reads  of  the  several  branches  of  horti- 
culture.    Further,  that  he  should  record  the  results. 


July  23,  1887.] 


THE    GAIiDENEHS'     CHtlONICLE. 


Ill 


that  the  cx])prii^nco  gained  may  be  of  service  to 
othei's  as  well  a  himself,  for  "  in  the  raultitnde  of 
counsellors  there  is  wisdom."  During  the  recent 
scorchingly  hot  and  dry  weather,  commencing  on 
June  15,  i  selected  two  rows  of  Peas  of  the  same 
variety  and  sown  on  the  same  day.  Each  row  I 
divided  into  two  portions.  On  one  half  of  the  Hrst 
row  I  gave  a  copious  watering  every  morning  about 
half-past  'J.  leaving  the  other  portion  dry ;  and  on 
one  half  of  the  second  row  I  gave  a  watering  every 
evening  about  5  o'clock,  leaving  the  other  half  dry. 
The  water  employed  was  pumped  from  a  rain-water 
reservoir  into  a  large  open  and  exposed  tank.  The 
average  temperature  of  the  water  each  morning  at 
the  time  of  using  was  about  G2^  F.,  and  in  the 
evening  about  80^  F.  At  the  present  time  the  Peas 
watered  in  the  morning  are  about  (3  inches  higher 
in  haulm,  with  broader  and  more  vigorous  foliage 
than  those  watered  in  the  evening,  and  those  receiving 


the  water  generally  being  cold.  Having  decided  to 
water,  it  is  well  to  he  prepared  to  cover  up  the 
wet  surface  with  something,  such  as  a  light  mulch- 
ing of  leaves,  or  even  soil.  Be  careful  to  soak 
the  soil  thoroughly,  nut  to  carry  out  the  practice  of 
a  daily  sprinkle.  This  very  trying  season  will  I 
know  test  the  capacity  of  most  water  supplies,  so 
that  I  am  sure  there  will  be  no  need  to  waste  water 
on  outside  work.  The  water  used  to  syringe  fruit  trees 
which  are  in  a  dirty  condition  can  be  made  useful  to 
the  roots  by  at  once  covering  up  the  soil  afterwards, 
thus  keeping  in  the  moisture,  and  burying  some  of  the 
insects.  Kitchen  garden  crops,  Peas  especially,  are 
benefited  by  the  judicious  use  of  water  and  mulching. 
To  show  that  it  must  be  judicious,  it  may  be  stated  that 
if  a  row  of  Peas  be  watered  with  cold  water,  the  result 
will  be  the  quick  appearance  of  mildew.  Ponds  are 
a  veiy  useful  adjunct  to  any  garden,  the  water  in 
them  being  warm,  and  therefore  much  superior  to 


Fig.  30.— narcissus  madame  de  graaf  x  . 


a  supply  of  water  are  from  S  to  10  Inches  higlicr 
than  those  left  unwatered.  Tiie  watered  Peas  promise 
a  raucli  larger  crop  than  the  unwatered,  but  the 
difference  between  the  morning  and  evening  watered 
Peas  does  not  appear  to  be  great  in  the  respect  of 
corn,  although  the  morning  watered  ones  have  the 
advantage,  if  any.  The  same  plan  was  adopted  with 
two  groups  of  Nasturtium  plants,  and  those  watered 
in  the  morning  are  at  the  present  time  far  in  advance 
and  much  more  robust  than  those  watered  in  the 
evening.  I  do  not  forget  the  dew,  and  would  in 
no  case  advise  a  gardener  to  wash  off  an  abundant 
supply  of  dew  with  the  water-pot.  Let  every  one 
be  guided  according  to  circumstances,  following  the 
maxim,  "Practice  with  science."  J.  J.  W. 

"  J.  J.  "VV."  comes  in  at  the  right  time  with 

this.  In  my  opinion  undoubtedly  watering  plants 
outside  is  a  practice  to  be  avoided  when  possible. 
Dealing  with  any  established  plant  or  plants,  if 
water  be  given  let  it  be  before  the  sun  has  attained 
any  great  power,  and  the  water  given  should  at  least 
Iiave  been  exposed  to  the  air  for  twenty-four  hours. 
Town  taps  and  hoses  are  the  source  of  much  evil. 


unexposed  spring  water.  ''  J.  J.  W."  scientifically 
shows  the  why  and  the  wherefore,  so  nothing  is 
needed  from  me  on  this  point.  Now  for  water  at 
planting-time:  the  soil  is  dust-dry,  yet  planting  must 
be  done.  Why  ?  Simply  water  your  ground  a  day  in 
advance  of  planting;  this  will  cool  the  soil  for  a  time, 
but  a  day's  sunshine  will  put  this  right,  and  though 
there  will  have  been  loss  by  evaporation,  all  will  not  be 
dissipated.  Then  when  planting  you  liave  a  kindly 
soil,  fit  for  the  roots  to  gt^t  hold  of  at  once  ;  and  as 
an  aid  to  rooting,  at  this  period  of  the  year  especi- 
ally, plant  firmly.  It  is  really  marvellous  to  note 
the  rapid  root  action  in  pot-plants  ;  this  is  perhaps 
more  marked  with  such.  Although  I  object  to  any 
outside  watering,  yet  rather  than  lose  a  plant  I 
would  do  it.  Generally  speaking,  soil  that  has  been 
dug  and  well  prepared  is  in  better  order  for  planting, 
as  it  retains  a  certain  amount  of  moisture,  but  after 
several  weeks  of  drought  a  newly  dug  soil  will  be 
the  best  in  which  to  plant.  S.  Castle,  West  Lynn. 

MELONS. — Amongst  the  many  varieties  of  Melons 
now  grown  by  gardeners  we  find  but  few  that  possess 


really  fine  fiavour,  and  this  failing  is,  if  anything, 
most  marked  this  waj'm  season,  when,  if  at  any  time, 
we  should,  by  reason  of  the  abundance  of  air  given 
to  plants  in  frames  and  houses,  have  expected  the 
fruit  to  be  of  the  finest  flavour.  It  is  not  very  clear 
to  what  this  falling  off  in  flavour  can  be  attributed, 
unless  it  be  that  Melon  raisers  have  by  constantly 
selecting  handsome  large  fruits,  putting  the  only 
true  test  (flavour)  in  the  second  place.  We  know  that 
all  the  Melons  we  have  partaken  of  lately  have  a 
superabundance  of  juice,  with  generally  melting 
flesh,  but  not  much  sweetness,  and  scarcely  a  trace 
of  the  true  Melon  flavour.  This  latter  quality  used 
to  be  met  with  in  perfection  in  such  sorts  as  the 
Cabool,  Cantaloupe  of  various  kinds,  Beechwood, 
Green  Gem,  Golden  Ball,  and  some  few  others. 
These  Melons  have  rather  firm  flesh,  and  are  not  so 
melting  as  the  modern  kinds,  and  it  is  a  question  if 
you  can  secure  a  great  degree  of  Insciousness  without 
loss  of  flavour  from  the  very  excess  of  sap  that 
it  is  the  fashion  to  demand  in  a  Melon.  It 
may  be  heresy  to  many  to  say  so,  but  we  think 
better  Melons  were  grown  on  the  dung-bed  than 
are  now  grown  over  hot-water  pipes,  for  the 
reason  that  under  the  latter  system  considerable 
quantities  of  water  must  be  given  to  preserve  the 
plants  in  health,  whereas  the  dung-beds  are,  and 
remain,  moist  till  the  end  of  the  season,  and  the 
plants  grow  well  and  ripen  off  their  fruits  with  com- 
paratively much  less  water  supply.  Liquid  manure 
used  in  considerable  quantity  has  much  to  answer 
for  in  tasteless  fruits  of  all  kinds,  Melons  amongst 
others.  Two  of  the  best  Melons  raised  in  recent 
3'ears  were  Colston  Bassett  and  Eastnor  Castle  ;  but 
you  seldom  taste  them  of  good  flavour,  so  much  have 
they  deteriorated  by  reckless  selection,  and  by  inter- 
crossing, intentionallv  and  otherwise,  with  inferior 
kinds.  .V. 

NARCISSUS  MADAME  DE  GRAAF.— This  showy 
cross  (fig.  yo)  was  ceitificated  by  the  Iloyal  Horti- 
cultural Society  when  shown  by  Messrs.  P.  Bnrr  & 
Son  at  the  meeting  on  !May  10  last.  It  is  alleged 
to  be  a  cross,  N.  Empress  and  N.  albicans  being 
the  supposed  parents.  It  is  a  large  flower,  with 
white  segments,  and  pale  yellow  corona,  with  re- 
flexed  margins,  so  that  the  resemblance  to  N. 
Empress  is  retained  in  a  marked  degi'ee. 

CHAM^ROPS  FORTUNEI.— This  has  flowered  here 
this  summer.  The  plant  is  a  male,  about  eighteen  years 
old,  and  it  has  not  been  protected  in  any  way  except  by 
the  trees  by  which  it  is  surrounded.  It  grows  in  the 
valley  near  a  brook.  It  must  have  resisted  22°  of 
frost.  A.  0.  jr.,  Colwyn  Bay. 

YUCCAS. — I  have  now  two  beautiful  Yuccas  in 
flower,  of  which  I  send  you  specimens.  One  is  Y. 
superba.  This  was  considered  by  Haworth  and  Her- 
bert to  be  a  distinct  species  ,  but  Baker  considers  it 
a  variety  of  Y.  gloriosa,  and  Engelmann  of  Y.  recurva. 
Whatever  may  be  its  origin  it  is  a  very  distinct 
])lant.  I  can  see  no  relationship  to  Y.  recurva,  and 
it  dithers  from  Y.  gloriosa  in  many  important  par- 
ticulars. It  is  stemless,  and  the  leaves,  though  very 
rigid  and  concave,  are  so  deeply  furrowed  that  the 
plant  can  be  thus  readily  distinguished  at  any  time. 
The  flowers  are  borne  on  a  very  close  panicle  taper- 
ing at  both  ends,  and  "  the  profusion  of  flowers  is  so 
great,  that  as  the  lateral  branches  are  rather  sub- 
erect  than  diverging,  a  pin  cannot  be  passed 
between  the  flowers  in  the  centre  ot  the  column." 
{Botanical  Register,  1690.)  The  Bowers  are  pure 
white,  without  any  tinge  of  gi-een.  It  is  figured  in 
the  Botanical  Register^  but  my  plant  does  not  quite 
agree  with  it.  The  flowers  ai-e  there  shown  with  a 
very  red  tinge — in  my  plant  the  flower-stems  and 
buds  are  red,  but  that  colour  goes  as  the  flower 
expands.  It  may  be,  however,  that  in  this  hot 
weather  the  colour  has  gone  quicker  than  usual.  It 
is  also  there  described  as  flowering  frequently,  but 
though  I  have  known  the  plant  here  for  nearly  forty 
years  (and  I  believe  it  has  been  here  nearly  seventy), 
I  have  very  seldom  seen  it  flower.  It  differs  from 
Y.  gloriosa  also  in  flowering  early  in  the  summer, 
whereas  Y.  gloriosa  is  too  apt  to  attempt  to  flower 
in  the  late  autumn,  and  so  its  flowers  very  often 
came  to  nothing.  Altogether,  I  think  it  deserves 
Dean  Herbert's  description — "that  it  is  unques- 
tionably t)ie  most  magnificent  plant  in  the  flower 
garden."  The  other  one  is  Y.  Ellacombei ;  the 
origin  of  this  is  unknown,  but  I  liave  always  sup- 
posed, and  now  have  little  doubt,  that  it  is 
a  hybrid  between  Y.  superba  and  Y.  recurva; 
from  Y.  recurva  it  would  get  its  narrow,  thin 
leaves  and   its  loose  panicle,  while  from  superba  it 


112 


THE     GABDENEJRS'     CHRONICLE. 


tJuLt  23,  1887. 


woiiltl  get  its  upright  leaves  and  its  white  flowers 
tinged  with  red.  I  think  it  the  most  elegant  of  nil 
the  Yuccas,  and  it  is  well  figured  and  described  in 
the  /fr/.  Hot..  317,  but  the  description  omits  one 
]iecnliarity  by  which  the  plant  can  easily  be  distin- 
guished— that  the  leaves  are  all  more  or  less  twisted. 
Both  these  Yuccas  are  free  from  the  green  tinge  in 
the  flowers  which  takes  from  the  beauty  both  of 
Y.  gloriosa  and  Y.  recurva  ;  and  I  have  not  detected 
that  the  flowers  open  at  night,  at  least  not  so  much 
as  to  be  stellate,  as  in  those  two  species.  If  any 
readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chroiticfe  have  these  two 
jilants  in  flower  I  hope  they  will  make  notes  of  them. 
Henry  N.  Ellacombc,  Bilton  Vicarage. 

NOTES  FROM  THE  EDINBURGH  BOTANIC 
GARDENS. — With  regard  to  the  plant  of  Cheiranthus 
in  the  above  gardens  on  which  there  was  a  bunch  of 
briglit  orange  flowers  this  year,  there  can  be  no 
■doubt  that  both  the  ordinary  yellow  and  the  orange 
iblossoms  were  growing  on  the  same  plant,  as  we 
•examined  it  carefully.  It  would  be  interesting,  if  the 
■same  thing  occurs  next  season,  to  try  whether  the 
■orange  form  could  be  propagated,  and  to  note  the 
'diflferences  between  it  and  the  hybrid  C.  Marshalli- 
:anus,  described  in  to-day's  Gardeners'  Chranich.  Has 
;any  reason  ever  been  found  out  for  the  curious 
•changes  in  the  peloric  form  of  Linaria  vulgaris, 
■or  is  it  supposed  to  be  a  reversion  towards  an 
^ancestral  form  ?  [Yes,  it  is  dut^  to  the  equal  growth 
■of  parts  that  are  usually  unequal  in  their  growth.  Ed.] 
-I  enclose  a  bunch  of  Apocynum  androsffmifoli- 
mm,  which  is  a  mass  of  blossoms  this  season,  and 
■^•ery  pretty.  One  gi-ows  it  with  mixed  feelings  of 
interest  in  the  ingenuity  of  its  method  of  fly-catch- 
ing, and  of  pity  for  the  unfortunate  flies;  it  is  a 
puzzling  plant,  too,  as  some  days  many  flies  are  to  be 
found  captured,  by  the  knob  at  the  end  of  the 
proboscis  being  "wedged  in  between  the  anthers, 
when  they  often  straggle  or  starve  to  death.  (If 
still  alive,  they  can  be  rescued,  and  quickly  set  free, 
by  pinching  the  base  of  the  blossom  so  as  to  separate 
the  anthers.)  On  other  days  hardly  a  captured 
fly  is  to  be  found ;  yet  if  they  can  escape  or 
avoid  capture  one  day,  why  should  they  not 
do  so  another?  Very  small  insects  walk 
about  inside  the  flower,  ap]>arently  quite  safely,  and 
bees  enter  and  leave  it  without  hindrance,  so  that 
the  plant  well  desei-ves  its  name  of  "  American  I'ly- 
■catcher."  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  whether 
"in  its  American  home  it  catches  flies  enough  to  be 

■  of  use  as  a  nitrogenous  top-dressing  when  the  plant 
dies   down.      Here  the   number  is  too  small  to  be 

■  apparently  of  any  use.  Can  it  be  an  arrangement 
to  prevent  flies  from  taking  the  honey  w^ithout  fer- 
tilising the  flower,  which,  probably,  the  bees  could 

•easily  do,  from  the  way  their  heads  would  press 
against  the  anthers?  In  that  case  their  capture 
would  preserve  the  more  honey  for  the  use  of  the 

'bees.  We  find  that  A.  cannabinum  is  apt  to  become 
a  troublesome  weed,  once  it  becomes  established, 
and  its  small  white  flowers  cannot  compare  to  those 

■of  A.  androsa'mifolium  in  beauty.  C.  M. 


Societies. 


CHISWICK  HORTICULTURAL. 

■3t»ET  l-i. — This  Society  is  rapidly  pushing  its  way 
^o  'the  ifront  among  suburban  associations,  and  its 
:annual*how,  held  on  the  above  date,  compares  favour- 
••oblywifli  other  local  shows  around  London,  and  the 
Royfil  l^iorticultuj'al  Society's  Gardens,  where  the 
exhibition  is  always  held,  are  most  suitable  for  the 
pur])Ose. 

Groti/vs  formed  the  leading  feature  at  this  show, 
several  good  arrangements  being  shown.  For  the 
.Tubilee  Challenge  Cup  (value  '2ti  guineas)  presented 
by  a  member,  Mrs.  Lee,  there  "n'as  a  close  com- 
petition between  the  groups  exhibited — Mr.  Brown, 
Richmond,  desenedly  winning  the  prize,  which  is 
oftcred  this  year  for  the  first  time,  and  has  to  be  won 
three  times  (not  necessarily  in  succession)  before  it 
becomes  absolute  property.  Mr.  lirown  showed  a  very 
neat  and  tasteful  arrangement,  in  which  Adiantums 
chiefly  formed  the  base,  and  the  flowering  jilants 
employed  were  Tuberoses,  Liliums,  Gladiolus, 
Gloxinias,  Carnations,  and  various  Orchids  ;  Crotons 
and  Draca;nas  were  good,  and  the  edging  was  of 
Caladium  argyrites  and  Ferns.  Messrs.  Hooper  & 
Co.,  Twickenham,  were  a  very  close  2nd,  showing 
equally  good  plants,  and  very  tine  Orcliids,  but  the 
nrranpenurt  was  heavy  as  rompared  with  Mr. 
Brown's.  .Mr.  Frcwett,  Swi.'sXnrperv,  Ilammerfmilh. 


led  well  with  a  group  of  twenty-five  plants  in  flower, 
arranged  with  Palms  and  Ferns,  securing  the  Silver 
Cup  (value  seven  guineas),  also  presented  by  Mrs. 
Lee.  He  had  as  his  most  noticeable  specimens, 
Dendrochilum  filiforme,  well  flowered  ;  Ixora  Wil- 
li.amsi,  Anguloa  Euckeri,  Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  and 
Oncidium  pra3textum ;  the  arrangement  was  very 
effective.  Here  the  2nd  prize  included  the  Silver 
Medal  off'ered  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  and 
which  was  won  by  Mr.  A.  Wright,  gi-.  to  E.  H.  Watts, 
Esq.,  Devonhurst,  Chiswick,  who  showed  well- 
flowered  plants,  which  were  of  a  more  commonplace 
kind  than  in  the  former,  such  as  Hydrangeas, 
Begonias,  Liliums,  &c. :  there  were  also  a  few  Or- 
chids. This  exhibitor  took  1st  with  a  group  arranged 
for  efi"ect  in  00  square  feet,  showing  a  number  of 
good  Gloxinias,  arranged  with  Crotons,  Dracaenas, 
&c. ;  and  Messrs.  W.  Wood  &  Sons'  Silver  Medal, 
ofl'ered  for  Begonias  fed  by  their  manure,  was  also 
awarded  to  Mr.  Wright  for  large,  well-flowered 
]>lants,  and  he  came  2nd  for  exotic  Ferns,  where 
Jlr.  Chadwick,  gr.  to  E.  M.  Nelson,  Esq.,  Hanger 
Hill,  Ealing,  led  with  capital  plants.  Large,  and  in 
good  condition.  Mr.  Chadwick  was  again  to  the 
front  with  fine-foliaged  plants,  showing  in  fine  form 
Alocasia  macrorhiza  variegata,  and  a  good  pyramid 
of  Asi>aragus  tenuissimus,  about 4  feet  in  height;  2nd, 
Mr.  II.  Davis,  gr.  to  H.  G.  Lake,  Esq.,  Fairlawn 
Honsa,  Chiswick,  who  also  sliowed  a  fine  lot. 
Ananassa  sativa  variegata  was  his  best  plant.  He 
took  1st  in  a  class  for  a  group  6  feet  by  4,  having  a 
neat  and  effective  show, 

Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in  Floieer. — These 
were  best  shown  by  Mr.  Bates,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Meek, 
Powlet  Lodge,  Twickenham,  consisting  of  noticeable 
])lants  of  Bougainvillea  glabra,  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fouriana,  Allamanda  Hendersoni,  all  heavily  flowered 
and  well  trained.  2nd,  Mr.  Chadwick,  with  Statice 
floribunda,  Erythrina  Crista-galli,  and  a  well-flowered 
specimen  of  Vinca  alba.  Selaginellas  were  repre- 
sented by  Mr.  A.  Wright,  who  showed  specimens 
of  great  merit,  carrying  off  1st  prize — uncinata, 
Kraussiana  and  Martensii  varieties  were  the  sorts 
shown.  Fuchsias  were  also  best  from  this  ex- 
hibitor, who  had  fairly  large  jilants,  well  flowered, 
and  of  good  form.  In  the  class  for  Caladiums,  Mr. 
Chadwick  made  a  fine  display  of  plants,  and  took 
1st ;  he  had  Alfred  Bleu  and  Triomphe  de  I'Exposition 
in  good  style. 

Orchids  were  shown  well  by  Mr.  Hill,  gr.  to  H. 
Little,  Esq.,  The  Barons,  Twickenham,  and  the 
leading  place  in  the  class  was  assigned  to  him  ;  he 
had  veiy  good  specimens,  among  which  were  Cattleya 
Mendelii,  C.  Gaskelliana  (a  pale  form),  C.  Sanderi, 
and  Cypripedium  Veitchii,  all  excellently  flowered. 
Tiie  2nd  place  here  waa  accorded  to  Mr.  Cowley,  gr. 
to  F,  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  Stndley  House,  Shepherd's  Bush, 
who  also  showed  well,  Dendrobium  thyrsiflorum 
being  specially  fine.  Mr.  Hill  also  took  the  Silvei' 
Banksian  Medal  offered  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  for  the  best  single  specimen  i>lant  in  fiower, 
showing  a  fine  plant  of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  with 
about  two  dozen  flowers  on  it. 

Kon-competing  Groups. — Messrs.  Lee  &  Son,  Ham- 
mersmith, contributed  an  extensive  collection  of 
plants  with  variegated  leaves,  &c.,  which  attracted 
much  attention,  varieties  of  Quercus,  Acer,  and  Euony- 
nius,  and  Ivies  were  abundant ;  also  purple-foliaged 
Blums,  Peach,  &c.  Quercus  Dainiio  is  a  good  orna- 
mental sort,  with  very  large  and  strong  leaves  of 
deep  green.  Mr.  J.  Roberts,  Gunnersbury  Park, 
Acton,  sent  a  group  arranged  for  efl'eet,  into  which 
flowering  and  foliage  plants  entered  in  about  equal 
proportion ;  Carnations,  Impatiens,  Celosias,  Cro- 
tons, and  Palms  were  the  chief  items.  From  Mr. 
May,  gr.  to  the  Marquis  of  Bute,  Chiswick  House, 
Chiswick,  came  a  large  collection  of  plants  an-anged 
in  a  group,  among  which  wei-e  Coleus,  Petunias, 
fancy  Pelargoniums,  Hydrangea  hortensis  (large 
heads),  with  Palm,  &c.,in  the  background— an  eft'ec- 
tive  assortment.  Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High 
Holbom,  staged  a  collection  of  annuals,  such  as  were 
seen  at  the  recent  Royal  Horticultural  sliow.  Mr. 
Hill  staged  a  very  large  gi'oup  of  Orchids  of  gi'eat 
merit,  several  plants  being  specially  good,  among 
which  we  may  name  Brassavola  Digbyana,  Cypripe- 
dium barbatum  sujierbum  (a  fine  plant),  C.  b.  gran- 
diflorum,  and  Dendrobium  Dalhousicanum. 

Cut  Flowers,  ,.fc. — In  this  division  Roses  were  the 
most  important  feature,  T.  W.  Girdlestone,  Esq., 
Sunningdale,  Bucks,  taking  highest  honours  in  the 
class  for  twenty-four  blooms,  showing  very  large 
flowers,  and  having  good  specimens  of  Ulrich  Brun- 
cr,  Xavier  Olibo.  and  Horace  Vernet,  a  very  fine 
collection  ;  2nd.  Jlr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  also  a  good 
lot— best,    Alfred    Coloi.ib,     Hrinri.h     Schnltheis. 


The  York  and  Lancaster  Roses,  for  which  prizes 
were  offered,  were  best  shown  by  Mr.  Chadwick, 
with  a  good  lot.  Messrs.  .1.  Veitch  &  Son,  Chelsea, 
and  Messrs.  C.  Lee  &  Son,  Hammersmith,  both 
staged  a  large  and  comprehensive  collection  of  cut 
blooms  of  Roses,  not  for  competition,  and  showed 
very  well  indeed.  Mr.  Cowley  took  1st  for  twelve 
bunches  of  cut  flowers,  showing  Orchids,  among 
which  was  a  good  Cattleya  Gaskelliana.  Mr.  T.  S, 
Ware,  Tottenham,  staged  a  small  collection  of  Irises 
and  Liliums,  &c. 

Bouijiiets,  Buttonholes,  and  Epcrgnes.  —  Of  these 
there  were  several  exhibits,  and  good  competition 
generally,  Mrs.  J.  R.  Chard,  Stoke  Newington,  Mrs. 
Hudson,  Gunnersbury  House,  and  Mr.  Cowley  were 
the  chief  prize  winners.  At  this  show  there  are 
I)rizes  offered  (open  to  Board  School  children  onl}') 
for  the  best  arranged  vase  of  flowers,  and  also  for 
the  best  arranged  bouquet  of  wild  flowers,  and  much 
interest  attached  to  the  exhibits  of  the  youthful 
competitors.  In  the  former  class  there  were  eighteen 
competitors,  while  the  latter  had  thirty-nine.  Some 
of  the  efforts  were  very  creditable. 

Fniit  ani,  Vegetables. — The  display  made  here  was 
a  fair  one  in  tiw?  aggregate,  Mr.  Waite,  gr.  to  the 
Hon.  CoL  Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher,  carrj-ing  off 
nearly  all  the  leading  prizes  offered  by  the  Society 
and  also  by  Messrs.  Carter  and  Messrs.  Sutton,  both 
for  collections  and  single  dishes,  and  exhibiting  fine 
produce  in  several  instances.  His  best  exhibits, 
selecting  from  tlie  entire  lot,  were  Onion  White 
Leviathan,  Onion  White  Emperor,  Cauliflower 
Sutton's  King  of  the  Cauliflowers,  Pea  Duke  of 
Albany,  Pea  Stratagem,  and  Tomato  Carter's 
Prolific. 

Mr.  B.  J.  Tappenden.  Chiswick,  took  1st  for 
Cucumbers,  with  very  well  finished,  large  sized  fruits 
of  Carter's  Telegraph.  For  Tomatos  the  place  of 
honour  was  accorded  to  Jlr.  Palmer,  gr.  to  H.  Hume- 
Dick,  Esq.,  Thames  Ditton,  showing  magnificent 
specimens  of  Sutton's  Reading  Perfection.  Mr. 
Palmer  also  was  1st  for  Melons,  with  Hero  of  Lock- 
inge,  while  Cherries  were  shown  in  capital  condition 
by  Mr.  Hudson,  Gunnersbury  House,  Acton,  who 
justly  received  1st  prize — Black  Circassian  and  Big- 
arreau  Napoleon  were  grand.  Grapes  were  good, 
Mr.  T.  Osman,  gr.  to  L.  J.  Baker,  Esq.,  Chertsey, 
securing  the  premier  award  for  both  black  and  white 
8orts,  showing  capital  bunches  in  both  instances, 
Buckland  Sweetwater  and  Black  Hamburgh  being 
the  sorts.  Mr.  Bates  took  the  prize  offered  by 
Leopold  de  Rothschild,  Esq.,  for  six  kinds  of  fruits, 
making  a  creditable  show  with  Queen  Pine,  Black 
Hamburgh  and  Foster's  Seedling  Grapes,  and  Melon 
Highcross  Hybrid.     Mr.  Waite,  2nd. 

Cottagers'  exhibits  were  very  numerous,  and  con- 
tained some  good  produce,  especially  in  the  green 
vegetables,  but  on  the  whole  the  show  made  here 
was  below  the  average,  most  of  the  produce  being 
small. 

AYLESBURY    FLORAL    AND    HORTI- 
CULTURAL. 

.luLv  1-1. — This  exhibition  took  place  as  usual  in 
the  Corn  Exchange  and  Meat  Market,  and  was  one  of 
the  best  seen  there  for  years.  Two  very  fine  groups 
of  pliints  fi'ora  the  gardens  of  Baron  Ferdinand  de 
Rothschild,  at  Waddesdon,  and  Miss  Alice  de 
llothschild,Eythorpe,  both  not  for  competition,  greatly 
helped  the  display,  and  were  highly  commended. 

Plants. — But  one  collection  of  stove  and  green- 
house plants  competed  for  the  prizes  given  by  the 
President,  E.  D.  Lee,  Esq.,  and  they  came  from  Mr. 
Maggs,  gr.  to  W.  C.  Threlfall,  Esq.,  Aylesbuiy,  con- 
sisting mainly  of  excellent  specimens,  well  gi'owu  ; 
Mr.  Shrimpton,  gr.  to  Lady  A.  de  Rothschild,  Ayles- 
hury,  had  the  best  six  Fenis,  consisting  of  fine 
]]lants  of  Davallia  Mooreana,  Adiantums  Farleyense, 
formosum,  cuneatum,  Dicksonia  antarctica,  and 
Gymnogramma  chrysophylla.  Mr.  Blake,  gr.  to  H. 
Cazenove,  Esq.,  Aylesbury,  was  a  good  2nd  ; 
his  collection  including  fine  pieces  of  Micro- 
lepia  hirta  cristata  and  Woodwardia  radicans. 
Mr.  Blake  had  the  best  three  foliage  plants, 
staging  good  specimens  of  Cissns  discolor,  Ma- 
ranta  zebrina,  and  Pandanus  Veitchii,  Mr.  Maggs 
being  2nd.  Mr.  Blake  also  h.ad  the  best  six  stove 
and  gi-eenhouse  ])lants,  having  Odontoglossum 
citrosmum,  a  fine  piece  of  Pancr.atiura,  Cissus  dis- 
color and  Areca  Baucri,  Some  excellent  tuberous- 
3"Ooted  Begonias  were  shown  by  T.  B.  Parrott, 
Esq.,  The  Chestnuts,  Aylesbury,  all  good,  double- 
flowered  varieties,  capitally  grown  and  flowered 
Equ.ally  good  were  the  Achimenes  shown  by  Mr. 
Robbin's,  who    had    excellent    plants    of    Robertsii, 


Jm-Y  23,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


113 


f 


\f 


Ambrose  Verschaffelt,  Edmond  Boissier,  longiflora 
major,  1.  alba,  and  perfectum — a  very  good  selection 
for  exhibition  purposes.  Mr.  Taplin,  gr.  to  S.  Gul- 
liver, Esq.,  Aylesbury,  was  2nd.  Fuchsias  were  well 
shown  by  Mr!  Blake  and  Mr.  Norton,  gr.  to  H.  A.  P. 
Cooper,  Esq.,  Avlesbury.  The  best  collection  of 
plants  arranged  for  effect  came  from  Mr.  Smith,  gr.  to 
the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  nicely  grouped  in  the  form 
of  a  half  circle.  Gloxinias  were  shown  in  nice  con- 
dition by  Mr.  Parrott.  The  best  specimen  flowering 
plant  was  an  excellent  Begonia,  shown  by  Mr.  Parrott ; 
the  best  foliage  plant,  a  nice  piece  of  Latania  bor- 
bonica,  from  Mr.  Maggs.  There  were  other  plant 
classes,  but  the  foregoing  include  the  choicer  parts 
of  the  exhibition. 

Cut  Flowers. — For  these  there  were  many  classes. 
In  the  open  class  for  thirty  varieties  of  Roses  Mr. 
J.  Walker,  nurseryman,  Thame,  was  1st,  with  a  very 
fine  fresh  lot,  the  leading  Howers  being  Keynolds 
Hole,  grandly  coloured  ;  La  France,  Marie  Baumann, 
Pierre  Notting,  Etienne  Levet,  Madame  Victor 
Verdier,  Cheshunt  Hybrid.  There  were  several 
other  classes  for  Roses,  but  the  blooms  showed  signs 
of  having  been  affected  by  the  drought.  Collections 
of  cut  florists'  flowers  in  six  kinds  form  always 
an  interesting  feature  ;  on  this  occasion  Mr.  Shrimp- 
ton  was  a  good  1st,  Mr.  T.  Austiss,  Brill,  being  2nd. 
Boxes  of  cut  flowers  shown  by  amateurs  made  a  very 
pretty  display. 

Table  Decoration. —There  was  a  very  pleasing 
exhibition  of  these,  and  it  would  be  well  if  for  the 
future  a  limit  was  put  to  the  number  of  pieces  shown 
in  the  principal  class,  so  that  the  competitors  might 
be  placed  on  a  better  footing  ol  equality  in  the  future. 
Mr.  J.  Smith  was  placed  1st  with  a  chaste  arrangement. 
Fruit. — Prizes  were  offered  for  the  best  general 
collection  of  flowers,  plants,  and  fruit,  a  table  being 
given  to  each  exhibitor.  Mr.  Robbins  was  placed  1st. 
Mr.  Maggs  had  the  best  collection  of  fruits,  but  lost 
in  plants.  Mr.  Leopold  de  Rothschild's  special 
prizes  for  the  best  collection  of  fruit  brought  an 
excellent  competition,  Mr.  Kobbins  being  placed  1st 
with  three  bunches  each  of  Black  Hambnrgh  and 
Duke  of  Buccleuch  Grapes,  Barrington  and  Grosse 
Mignonne  Peaches,  Lord  Napier  Nectarines, 
Figs,  Cherries,  Strawberries,  and  Melons — a  dozen 
dishes  in  all.  Mr.  Cakebread  was  2nd,  with 
the  best  collection,  but  it  was  spoilt  by  over- 
ripe Peaches  and  Nectarines.  He  had  excel- 
lent Madresfield  Court  and  Foster's  Seedling 
Grapes,  Grosse  Mignonne  and  Royal  George  Pe.aches. 
Elruge  and  Lord  Napier  Nectarines,  &c.  Mr.  Cake- 
bread  had  the  best  six  bunches  of  Grapes,  three 
■white  and  three  black,  having  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria and  Black  Hamburghs  in  flne  con- 
dition ;  2nd,  Mr.  Shrimpton,  with  Black  Ham- 
burgh, and  Foster's  Seedling.  Excellent  Peaches 
were  shown  by  Mr.  Robbins  and  Messrs.  Ingram 
&  Whitfield  ;  and  the  same  were  Ist  and  2nd  with 
very  fine  Nectarines. 

Vegetables. — These  were  numerous  and  very  good, 
the  season  considered.  Cottagers'  preductions  were 
also  of  good  character  ;  they,  however,  especially  in 
the  case  of  Potatos,  showed  the  effects  of  drought. 

Prizes  were  offered  for  honey  by  the  Bucks  Bee- 
keeper's Association,  and  a  large  display  resulted. 
Some  excellent  honey  appeared  to  have  been  made 
this  season. 

LEEK     ROSE     SHOW. 

JcLY  19. — The  fourteenth  exhibition  of  the  Leek 
Rose  Society  was  held  in  the  Town  Hall  on  Tuesday 
last.  Owing,  however,  to  the  terrible  weather  we 
have  had  during  the  last  two  months,  the  show  was — 
to  say  the  very  least — very  disappointing,  the  flowers 
lacking  not  only  the  number  but  the  size  and  sub- 
stance of  previous  years.  It  is  only  fair  to  state 
that  under  the  exceptional  circumstances  no  other 
result  was  possible.  The  plants  from  Westwood  Hall, 
were  exceedingly  well  grown  and  finely  flowered, 
amongst  them  being  AUamanda  cathartica,  Clero- 
dendron  Balfouri,  a  grand  Croton  Baron  James 
Rothschild,  BougainviUea  glabra,  and  AUamanda 
Hendersoni.  The  eight  which  took  the  2nd  prize 
came  from  Mr.  Round,  Cheddleton,  but  were  of 
a  far  less  pretentious  cliaracter  than  the  above, 
including  amongst  their  best  a  large  Maiden- 
hair Fern  and  a  well-flowered  Hydrangea.  Ferns 
were  exceedingly  fine,  as  were  also  the  Fuchsias 
from  Westwood. 

Coming  to  the  Roses,  we  found  in  Mr.  J.  Gilman's 
winning  stand  of  twenty-four  excellent  blooms  of 
Merveille  de  Lyon,  A.  K.  Williams,  Due  de  Rohan, 
Beauty  of  Waltham,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Alfred 
Colomb,     and    Marie    Rady.      In    addition    to  the 


money  prize  Mr.  Gilman  took  the  National  Rose 
Society's  Silver  Medal.  Mr.  Sheldon's  flowers,  too, 
were  good,  clean,  and  well  set  up,  and  included 
Franijois  Michelon,  Star  of  Waltham,  Baron 
Bonstettin,  Marquis  de  Castellane,  Louis  van  Houtte, 
and  Madame  Hippolyte  .Tamain.  Mr.  Nixon's  were 
small  butgood,  especially  Louis  van  Houtte,  Baroness 
Rothschild,  and  La  Ro'sieriste.  In  eighteens,  Mr. 
Gilman's  collection  again  won  easily,  the  chief  blooms 
being  La  France,  Louis  van  Houtte,  Mons.  E.  Y.  Teas, 
Mdlle.  Marie  Rady,  and  Etienne  Levet.  Mr.  Cos- 
grove  was  2nd  with  a  very  satisfactory  exhibit,  in 
which  was  found  the  premier  Rose  in  the  show, 
taking  the  National  Society's  Bronze  Medal.  This 
bloom  was  Mrs.  Jowitt.  In  the  stand,  too,  were 
Merveille  de  Lyon,  SenateurVaisse,  Marie  Baumann, 
and  Star  of  Waltham.  In  twelve's,  the  competition 
was  strong.  Mr.  J.  Brunt.  Iiowever,  was  clearly  1st, 
his  stand  including  a  good  specimen  of  Captain 
Christy,  Brightness  of  Cheshunt,  and  Marie  Baumann. 
Mr.  Capewell  came  2ud,  showing  good  blooms  of 
Baroness  Rothschild,  Etienne  Levet,  and  Cliarles 
Lefebvre.  Mr.  S.  Bratt  was  .'jrd  with  Camille  Ber- 
nardin,  E.  Y.  Teas,  and  Avocat  Duvivier.  The  sixe's, 
dark  and  light,  produced  good  contests,  some  of  the 
stands  being  remarkably  even  in  merit.  For  the 
miscellaneous  prizes  there  was  not  much  struggling, 
the  prizes  in  most  cases  exceeding  the  importance  of 
the  exhibits. 

LEWISHAM  AND   DISTRICT   FLORAL. 

July  20  AND  21. — The  summer  show  was  held  in 
the  delightful  grounds  of  Riverdale,  Lewishara, 
and  had  the  advantage  of  fine  weather.  The  show 
was  of  average  quality  ;  groups  were  plentiful, 
but  the  arrangement  of  most  was  too  heavy. 
Some  very  good  Roses  were  shown  and  also  Pelar- 
goniums. 

Groups,  4'C. — The  largest  competitive  groups  for 
effect  (open)  were  not  to  exceed  50  square  feet, 
and  in  this  section  the  premier  award  was  carried  off 
by  Mr.  J.  Balcombe,  gr.  to  J.  S.  Rivolta,  Esq., 
Manor  Way,  Blackheath  Park,  showing  a  tastefully 
set-up  exhibit.  Gloxinias,  zonal  Pelargoniums,  Petu- 
nias, and  Lobelias,  were  noticeable  flowering  plants, 
and  Adiantums  and  Palms  were  freely  interspersed. 
Mr.  W.  Jeffery,  gr.  to  J.  Young,  Esq.,  Blackheath 
Park,  was  a  close  2nd,  having  good  Caladiuras, 
tuberous  Begonias,  and  Gloxinias,  also  show  and 
zonal  Pelargoniums  ;  .3rd  was  taken  by  Mr.  F.  Hudd, 
gr.  to  F.  Prior,  Esq.,  Gordon  House,  Blackheath  Park, 
who  had  very  good  plants  of  Crassulacoccinea,  Odon- 
toglossums.  Achimenes,  &c.,  in  fact  better  stuff  than 
either  of  the  former  exhibitors,  but  the  arrangement 
was  weak,  and  too  many  plants  were  used.  Mr. 
W.  E.  Bevey,  Lewisham,  took  1st  honours  in  the 
members'  class  for  a  group  for  effect,  arranged  in 
40  square  feet,  zonal  Pelargoniums,  double  and  single 
varieties,  being  the  chief  constituents,  Aralia  Sie- 
boldi,  with  Cannas,  being  a  background  ;  ornamental- 
leaved  Begonias  and  Lycopodiura  was  the  edging. 
J.  Lock,  Esq.,  Lewisham,  was  placed  2nd,  showing 
some  very  good  Petunias,  Calceolarias,  Pteris  tre- 
mula,  and  Adiantums.  Mr.  Hudd  was  1st  for  twelve 
stove  or  greenhouse  plants,  and  had  some  creditable 
plants  in  his  exhibit ;  the  best  were  Ixora  Williamsi 
(a  good  one),  I.  Dixiana,  AUamanda  grandiflora, 
and  A.  Hendersoni;  Ericas  were  plentiful.  Mr. 
Jeffery  followed  with  good  Ericas  and  Clerodendron 
Balfouri ;  this  exhibitor  also  took  a  similar  place  for 
six  fine-foliaged  plants,  with  a  nice  Tillandsia  ze- 
brina.  Mr.  J.  Mullens,  Blackheath,  was  1st  in  this 
class,  showing  well-grown  specimens  of  medium 
size.  Dracisnas  and  Crotons  were  good,  and  a  healthy 
plant  of  Latania  borbonica  was  also  shown. 

The  1st  place  for  six  greenhouse  Ferns  was  occu- 
pied by  Mr.  G.  Hester,  gr.  to  J.  T.  Noakes,  Esq., 
Brockley  Hall,  showing  all  good  specimens,  of  which 
the  most  noticeable  were  Adiantum  Sanctse  Cathe- 
rinas,  Dicksonia  antarctica.  and  Platycerium  alci- 
corne  ;  2nd,  Mr.  Hudd  ;  and  3rd,  Mr.  Mullens,  both 
showing  very  well,  and  all  three  following  closely. 
Mr.  Hudd  had  a  good  Davallia  Mooreana,  Adiantum 
amabile,  and  A.  formosum. 

Dr.  Duke,  The  Glen,  Lewisham,  contributed  an 
interesting  collection  of  Orchids,  tastefully  displayed 
by  Adiantums,  &c.  Odontoglossums  were  very  pro- 
minent, and  some  good  Cattleyas  were  also  shown. 
He  took  1st  with  this  lot. 

In  the  class  for  tuberous  Begonias  there  was  a  very 
fair  display  of  flowers,  Mr.  Hudd  adding  one  more 
prize  to  his  list  by  leading  in  the  class  for  twelve 
(sLx  doubles  and  six  singles),  showing  large  plants 
bearing  good  flowers ;  he  also  received  Wood  & 
Son's  medal  for   this  exhibit.     W.  E.   Jupp,    Esq., 


Brockley,  came  in  2nd,  showing  small  well-flowered 
plants.     Mr.  Needs,  Catford,  had  the  best  six. 

Zonal  Pelargoniuim. — These  made  a  good  show, 
the  competition  running  very  keen  throughout.  Mr. 
Balcombe  secured  the  highest  place,  both  for  doubles 
and  singles,  exhibiting  very  good  plants.  Paul 
Charbonnier,  Comte  de  Fauberg,  and  Madame  Thi- 
baut,  were  good  doubles  ;  whilst  the  best  singles 
were  Mr.  W.  B.  Miller,  Mrs.  Turner,  Eureka,  and 
Henry  Jacoby.  Mr.  Nunn,  gr.  to  J.  K.  Somes,  Esq., 
J.P.,  Greenwich  Park,  was  2nd  for  doubles,  with  Can- 
didissima  and  Magenta  King.  For  singles  the  2nd 
prize  went  to  Mr.  Hudd,  who  had  Bianca,  West 
Brighton  Gem,  and  Exquisite. 

Specimen  Fuchsias  were  good,  Mr.  Dobson.  Black- 
heath, taking  the  leading  position  for  three  finely 
flowered  plants ;  and  Mr.  Hudd  2ud,  there  not  being 
much  difference  between  the  two  lots.  Mr.  Bal- 
combe was  in  the  1st  place  with  Gloxinias,  showing 
some  very  fine  plants  with  large  flowers. 

Cut  Floicers. — Roses  were  good,  and  here  Mr.  W. 
Rumsey,  Waltham  Cross,  and  R.  E.  West,  Esq., 
Reigate,  taking  1st  and  2nd  in  this  order  in  the  open 
class,  showing  a  fine  lot  of  clear  bloom — Etienne 
Levet,  Ulrich  Brunner,  Reynolds  Hole,  and  Alfred 
Colomb  were  Mr.  Rumsey's  collection  ;  while  Duke 
of  Montpelier,  Gloire  de  Dijon,  Pierre  Notting  were 
best  in  the  other  lot.  Mr.  Todman,  Eltham,  Kent, 
took  3rd  with  a  creditable  show.  In  the  open 
amateur's  division,  Mr.  T.  Dobson,  South  Bank 
Gardens,  Blackheath,  led,  showing  blooms  of  fair 
quality.  Carnations  were  well  represented,  clean 
blooms  of  good  substance  being  the  rule — A.  Spurling 
Esq.,  The  Nest,  Blackheath,  and  Mr.  W.  Harding, 
Brockley,  1st  and  2nd  respectively,  having  fine 
blooms  of  good  quality.  The  prizes  for  bouquets, 
&c.,  were  well  contested  in  all  the  classes,  Mrs. 
A.  Bennett,  Lewisham  ;  Mrs.  M.  E.  Jupp,  Brockley  ; 
Mrs.  Birdseye,  Hither  Green ;  Mrs.  Sayers,  Lewisham, 
taking  the  leading  honours.  The  display  here  was 
good. 

Fruit  and  Vegetables. — The  show  was  weak  in  this 
section,  the  fruit  being  small  in  size  and  exhibits 
few  ;  and  of  vegetables  the  same  may  be  said.  Mr. 
Jeffery  and  Mr.  Hudd  received  1st  and  2nd  for 
collections  of  fruit,  but  each  included  unripe  spe- 
cimens. For  Messrs.  Carters'  prizes  for  a  collection 
of  vegetables  Messrs.  Burgess  led,  with  a  fair  all- 
round"  lot ;  Cabbages  were  fine,  and  Potatos  clean. 
2nd,  Mr.  C.  Nunn,  Greenwich  Park  Gardens,  came  a 
close  2nd,  with  fair  Tomatos. 

Non-competing  E-vhibits. — Among  these  were  several 
worthy  lots,  and  we  noticed  the  following : — From 
Mr.  A.  Robinson,  8,  Leadenhall  Street,  E.C..  came 
an  interesting  box  of  hardy  herbaceous  cut  flowers, 
including  Iceland  Poppies,  Gaillardias,  Gladiolus, 
&c.  Mr.  H.  M.  Stoltenhort',  Morley  Road, 
Lewisham,  showed  a  very  interesting  collection 
of  British  Ferns,  including  several  very  good 
varieties  in  an  excellent  state  of  health.  A 
brilliant  show  of  cut  herbaceous  plants  was  made 
by  Messrs.  Barr  &  Son,  who  had  Iceland  Poppies, 
Allium  descendens,  Liliums  in  great  variety,  Malope 
grandiflora  (a  showy  old  plant  with  deep  magenta 
flowers),  Hemerocallis,  &c.  Messrs.  .1.  Laing  &  Co., 
Forest  Hill,  had  a  group  of  tuberous  Begonias, 
arranged  with  great  effect,  with  Caladiums,  Crotons, 
Dracsenas,  and  other  plants.  This  firm  also  showed 
a  collection  of  cut  Roses.  From  Messrs.  J.  Carter 
&  Co.,  Holborn,  was  a  large  assortment  of  annuals. 
Petunias  being  specially  good  ;  ornamental  grasses, 
Stocks,  &c.,  were  included. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 

Peaches. — In  order  to  assist  the  fruits  in  late 
houses  the  trees  should  be  kept  well  supplied 
with  weak  liquid  manure  at  the  roots  every  eight 
or  ten  days  if  the  soil  be  porous  and  the  drain- 
age perfect,  until  the  fruit  begin  to  colour,  when 
only  clean  water  should  be  given,  if  required, 
syringing  the  trees  copiously  morning  and  after- 
noon at  closing  time  (about  4  o'clock)  until  the 
fruits  show  colour,  when  a  drier  air  and  freer  venti- 
lation should  be  maintained.  The  shoots  should  be 
kept  tied  in  and  all  laterals  growths  pinched  clean 
out.  In  tying  the  young  and  best  placed  shoots  in 
their  places  those  of  last  year's  growth  which  have 
no  fruit  on  them,  and  which,  in  the  ordinary  way, 
would  be  cut  out  at  the  winter  pruning  may,  with 
advantage  to  the  tree,  be  cut  away  forthwith.  All 
crowding  of  shoots  should  be  avoided,  otherwise  the 
production  of  well  ripened  wood   will    not  ensue. 


8^14 


THE     OABDENRH^S'     ORRONIGLE. 


[July  23,  1887. 


, Houses  in  which  the  fruits  are  ripe  and  ripening 
should  have  a  sufficient  thickness  of  soft  dry  grass 
put  underneath  the  trees  to  prevent  bruising  of  the 
fruits  which  may  fall.  These  houses  should  have 
abundance  of  fresh  air  admitted  to  them  day  and 
night,  and  the  trees,  notwithstanding  the  fact  of  the 
fruit  being  ripe,  should  not  be  allowed  to  suffer  for 
want  of  water  at  the  roots — a  condition  which  would 
cause  them  to  drop  their  fruit  sooner  than  they 
otherwise  would  do,  and  their  leaves  to  become 
infested  with  red-spider.  Bearing  this  in  mind,  the 
border,  if  it  need  watering  (if  indoors)  should  be 
thoroughly  watered  before  putting  the  hay  on  it,  and 
again  as  soon  as  the  fruit  has  been  gathered,  and 
once  during  the  interval  should  the  weather  be  hot 
at  the  time,  and  the  trees  should  be  well  syringed 
overhead  morning  and  afternoon  after  the  crop  has 
been  taken. 

Figs. — Trees  swelling  their  fruits  should  have  fre- 
quent waterings  of  liquid  manure,  and  the  points  of 
strong-growing  shoots  should  be  pinched  out  prior  to 
tying  them  in,  and  all  superfluous  growths  forthwith 
removed.  Syringe  the  trees  morning  and  afternoon 
at  shutting-up  time — soon  after  4  o'clock,  when  the 
temperature  may  be  run  up  to  90°,  damping  over 
the  surface  of  border  and  pathways  again  before 
shutting  up  for  the  night. 

Late  Melons.  —  A  sufficient  number  of  seeds 
of  Melons  should  be  sown  at  once  to  furnish 
plants  for  supplying  Melons  in  November  and 
December.  In  order  to  secure  a  good  set 
of  fruit,  the  sashes  of  late  plantings  should 
be  drawn  off  for  a  few  hours — say  from  II  a.m.  to 
2  P.M. — on  sunny  days,  and  the  blossoms  be  impreg- 
nated when  the  pollen  is  dry.  From  three  to  five 
fruits,  according  to  the  strength  of  the  individual 
plants,  and  the  size  to  which  the  varieties  grown 
attain  to,  will  be  a  sufficient  crop  for  each  plant  to 
ripen.  When  the  fruit  has  commenced  to  swell,  they 
should  be  elevated  above  the  foliage  on  flower-pots. 
H,  }V.  Ward,  Longford  Castle. 


The  Weather. 


MEAN  TEMPERATirRE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
ING THE  WEEK  ENDING  JULY  30.  (AVERAGE 
OF  FURTY-THKEE  YEARS.) 


July  24  ... 

...     63°.4 

July  28 

..    63°.3 

„    25    ... 

...    63°.4 

„   29 

.    63°.3 

„    26   ... 

...    630.4 

„    30 

..    63''.3 

„    27   ...        . 

...    laSf.Z 

Mean  for  the  week    . 

.   eso.a 

[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F,  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees— a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty- four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperature. 

Above  or 

Accumulated. 

li 

8d 

selow  the 

t. 

J,H, 

4,1-S 

Mean  for 

^h 

in_c^ 

the    week 

a* 

S-.  Si 

ending 

its 

"    a2 

July  18. 

p 

li 

SB 

Hi 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day- 

ducing  Districts. 

deg. 

deg. 

deg. 

deg. 

0.  SCOlLAJfD,  N.      ... 

1  below 

86 

0 

+  193  +    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.     ... 

1  above 

11.5 

0 

+  £n!+    41 

2.  England.  N.E.... 

2  above 

132 

0 

+    88'+    82 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

1  above 

lllj 

0 

—      .'>'+  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.   ... 

0  (aver.) 

131 

0 

+    43  +  IG6 

6.  England.  S.      ... 

1  above 

141 

0 

—  ■  19 

+  1.51 

Principal  Grazing,  Sec, 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.   ... 

1  ubov« 

113 

0 

+  127 

+    -17 

7.  England.N.W.... 

6  (aver.) 

122 

0 

+    64j+  118 

8.  England, S.W. ... 

0  <Bver). 

129 

0 

+    73'+  172 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

'  0  (aver.; 

IISI 

0 

+  238  +    23 

10.  laELAND.  S. 

1  above 

132 

0 

*233+    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

2  above 

147 

0. 

'+  ■   3'+     77 

Kaikfau.. 

Bright 

Districts. 

'^fl 

h 

hi 

6^^ 

1^2 

h-^ 

'^^% 

2  0  a 

^ 

a 

3^ 

i£"-i 

Principal    Wheatrpro- 

Tenths   of 

ducing  Districts. 

Inch, 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

2  more 

114 

20.2 

32 

25 

1.  Scotland.  E.    ... 

4  less 

85 

10.2 

37 

34 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

5  less 

77 

7.1 

43 

33 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

0  (aver.) 

73 

8.1 

63 

41 

4.  Midland  Co8.  ... 

3  less 

71 

8.6 

46 

36 

6.  England,  S. 

Hess 

69 

8.6 

45 

39 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

8  less 

89 

17.6 

48 

37 

7.  England.N.W.... 

4  less 

72 

10.8 

61 

39 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

2  less 

73 

9.9 

46 

46 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

1  more 

86 

13.3 

37 

36 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

1  less 

73 

12.2 

45 

43 

—  Channel  Islands 

3  less 

82 

8.7 

40 

60 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  wey.ther  for 
the  week  ending  July  18,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  weather  has  been  in  an  unsettled  and  showery 
condition  generally,  with  thunderstorms  in  many 
parts  of  England.  In  the  extreme  north  the  showers 
were  slight,  but  over  our  western  districts  a  good 
deal  of  rain  fell  on  the  12th,  while  in  the  south-east 
of  England  the  thunderstorms  of  the  15th  and  16th 
were  accompanied  by  local  rains  of  an  exceptionally 
heavy  nature. 

*'  The  temperature  has  been  about  equal  to  the 
average  in  'England,  N.W.,'  'Englaud,  S.W.,'  and 
'  Ireland,  N,,'  but  from  1°  to  2°  above  the  normal 
elsewhere.  The  highest  readings  were  recorded 
either  on  the  12th  or  13th,  when  the  thermometer 
rose  to  between  70°  and  77°  in  the  western  and 
northern  parts  of  the  kingdom,  to  82'^  in  the  Midland 
Counties  and  '  England,  S.,'  and  to  86°  in  '  England, 
E.'  The  lowest  readings  were  observed  on  the  17th 
or  ISth,  when  the  thermometer  fell  to  between  30° 
and  40°  in  all  districts  excepting  '  England,  E.,' 
'  Scotland,  W."  and  '  Ireland,  S.' 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  a  little  more  than  the 
mean  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'  and  '  Ireland,  N.,'  and  about 
equal  to  it  in  '  England,  E.,'  but  less  than  the  normal 
elsewhere. 

"  Srir/kt  ste7j.shinc  has  been  more  prevalent  than  it 
was  last  week,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount 
of  duration  varying  from  32  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'  and 
37  in  '  Scotland,  E.,'  and  '  Ireland,  N.,'  to  61  in 
'  Edgland,  N.W..'  and  52  in  '  England,  E." " 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Addendum  :  Eoyal  Horticdltoeal  Society's  Show, 
July  12 — Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.'s  Special 
Prizes  :  The  following  awards  were  omitted  from 
our  report  of  the  above  show,  in  our  issue  for 
July  16  last : — Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.  provided 
prizes  foil  the  best  fifty  pods  of  each  of  their  fine 
Peas,  Antici|)ation,  Stratagem,  Telephone,  and 
Pride  of  the  Market.  The  excellence  of  the  three 
last-named  varieties  is  well  established  ;  they  are 
fine  varieties  for  the  garden  or  the  exhibition 
table.  Anticipation  is  a  new  sort  that  has  yet  to 
make  its  reputation,  but  it  is  well  thought  of  by 
the  introducei's.  Tlie  1st  prize  was  secured  by  Mr. 
H.  Marriott,  .sen.,  of  Skirbeck,  Lincolnshire, 
who  showed  s|i]iMKlid  dishes,  all  the  varieties  being 
in  capital  condition;  the  2nd  prize  fell  to  Mr.  H. 
Marriott,  jun..  Prospect  House,  Boston  ;  and  the 
3rd  to  Mr.  Beckett,  Amersham. 

Berberis  stenophylla  :  A.  0.  W.  Yes :  though  a 
hybi'id,  it  frequently  produces  seed.  In  our  expe- 
rieuce  these  produce  mongrels  showing  every  in- 
termediate stage  between  B.  Emjietrifolia  and 
B.  Darwinii. 


Book  on  Landscape  Gardening  :  J.  N.  How  to 
Lay  Out  a  Garden,  by  Edward  Kemp,  3rd  edition, 
published  by  Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co., 
9,  Bouverie  Street,  Fleet  Street,  B.C. 

Cattlita  Mossije:   W.  S.  Extremely  fine  examples. 

Cherries  Diseased  ;  J.  L.  Please  send  a  few  fruits 
better  packed.  Those  sent  were  quite  decayed 
from  the  heat  and  bad  packing. 

Chrysanthbmdms  for  Late  Elowehino  :  Market 
Gardener.  It  is  now  too  late  to  stop  the  shoots  of 
these  ;  the  first  week  of  the  present  month  is  the 
latest  period  for  the  operation. 

Copt  Hall  :  Justicia.  Why  do  you  not  forward 
your  own  name  and  address  ? 

Corrections. — In  the  list  of  awards  at  Chiswick,  in 
our  last  issue,  p.  76,  one  of  Messrs.  J.  R.  Pearson 
&  Son's  new  zonals,  Mrs.  David  Saunders,  was 
included  among  the  Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums. — 
Owing  to  an  error  in  the  report  sent  to  us  of  the 
National  Rose  Society's  Show,  Edinburgh,  Mr.  G. 
Prince,  Oxford,  is  credited  with  having  won  the 
Jubilee  Challenge  Trophy,  instead  of  Messrs. 
Ilarkness  &  Sons,  Rose  growers,  Bedale. 

Cycas  revoluta  :  Westficld.  It  would  not  be  dis- 
qualified if  shown  whilst  in  flower  in  any  competi- 
tion of  foliage  plants.  As  you  are  going  to  have 
the  plant  photographed,  will  you  kindly  send  us 
one  picture  of  it  ? 

EucHARis  Bulbs:  T.  K.  Ingram.  The  bulbs  sent 
were  swarming  with  the  mites.  Nothing  can  be 
done  short  of  destroying  the  bulbs. 

Figs  :  E.  B.  The  fruits  had  the  appearance  of  having 
been  scalled,  but  we  are  not  sure — decay  setting 
in  before  they  could  be  microscopically  examined. 
Could  you  send  others  ? 

Horticultural  Societies  in  France  and  Belgium  : 
Constant  Render,  Garston.  Apply  to  some  one  of 
horticultural  note  in  those  countries.  We  cannot 
print  a  long  list  of  names  and  addresses  of  the 
leading  societies.  The  Federation  des  Societes 
Beiges  has  its  ofHce  at  the  riardin  Botanique, 
Brussels,  and  prints  a  list  of  the  Belgian  Societies. 

Insect:  A.  0.  W.  Myriapod  sent  to  Professor 
Westwood. 

Intercultural  Tillage. — In  an  article  on  this 
subject  in  these  pages  some  weeks  ago  the  name 
of  Dr.  Sturtevant,  of  the  New  York  Agricultural 
Station,  was  omitted.  We  are  sorry  for  the 
omission,  which  was  one  of  mere  inadvertence. 

Malformations  :  T.  L.  With  thanks.  We  are  glad 
to  see  them,  but  in  this  case  neither  of  them  calls 
for  special  mention. 

Monstrous  Foxglove  :  T.  S.  You  will  find  an 
illustrated  article  on  this  subject  in  our  columns 
for  September  26,  1885. 

Names  of  Plants  :  J.  F.  1,  Bromus  mollis ;  2,  B. 
sterilis  ;  3,  Trifolium  minus  ;  4,  Erigeron  acria  ; 
5,  Poa  pratensis. — A'.  F.  Thalictrum  flavum. — 
W.  P.  H.  Oncidium  sphacelatum. — Coldstream. 
Lapsana  communis. — T.  C.  E.  Trachelospermum 
(or  Rhyncosperraum)  jasminoides, — Ji.  Middleton. 
1,  Corydalis  lutea ;  2,  Colutea  arborescens ;  3, 
Leycesteria  formosa;  4,  Monarda  didyma  ;  6, 
Nepeta  violacea ;  6,  Galega  officinalis  alba. — 
W.  A.  G.  1,  Acineta  Humboldti ;  2,  Saccolabium 
Blumei. — H.  K.  Catasetum  cassideum. — Amateur. 
1,  Campanula  fragilis;  2,  Francoa  appendiculata ; 
3,  Cassia  corymbosa  ;  4,  Sedum  carneum  variegata ; 
5,  Sedum  spurium  ;  6,  Hypericum  calycinum. — 
G.  Allen.  Ranunculus  sceleratus. — Pope  §■  Son. 
1,  Diplopappus  chrysophyllus ;  2,  Specimen  in- 
sufficient.— J.  M.  Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  Den- 
drobium  suavissimum. 

Seedling  Petunia  :  P.  MeK.  McKie.  The  seedling  is 
good  in  form,  and  the  colour  is  nearly  that  of 
Hooper's  Empress,  but  the  flower  is  somewhat 
larger  than  that  variety. 

The  Woolly  Oak  Gall:  Diss.  The  galls  on  the 
Oak  are  formed  by  Cynips  Quercus  ramuli,  the 
small  white  larvai  of  which,  by  their  punctures, 
cause  the  flowering  buds  of  the  Oak  to  change  into 
large  masses  of  white  threads.  These  woolly 
agglomerations  are  formed  on  the  male  catkins, 
appearing  as  seen  in  fig.  29,  p.  110.  Fig.  1  is  the 
male,  the  natural  size  being  shown  by  the  cross 
lines  ;  fig.  2,  the  female,  is  stouter;  fig.  3  shows 
the  woolly  gall  with  the  anthers  of  the  catkin 
more  or  less  enveloped,  one  having  a  smaller  gall 
ui  oducedinear  the  extremity,  fig.  4. 


j:ott  ^j,  im-] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


m 


ToMATOS  :  T.  H.  M,  The  specimen  is  very  much 
like  the  American  variety  "  Cherry-shape."  The 
small  fruited  Tomatos  are  gieat  acquisitions  to  the 
table.     All  gardeners  should  grow  some  of  them. 

Watering  Plants  :  J.  M.  J.  The  very  practice  you 
have  suggested  should  be  carried  out  is  described 
by  "  J.  J.  W."  on  p.  110  of  this  issue. 

Worms  on  Leaves  of  Pears  :  T.  H.  S.  and  George. 
The  leaves  of  the  Pear  sent  by  both  correspondents 
are  eaten  by  the  larva;  of  the  Pear  Sawfly,  Selan- 
dria  atra,  Stephens,  (fig.  30,  p.  110).  The  norms 
are  hatched  out  in  July,  and  may  tlien  be  shaken 
off  the  trees  by  smartly  tapping  the  branches. 
Dusting  with  powdered  quicklime  two  or  three 
times  repeated  will  kill  tliem,  as  will  likewise 
tobacco-water  which  a  little  soft-soap  added 
makes  more  effectua.1.,  Broad  planks  or  sacking 
covered  with  moist  coal-tar,  and  placed  under  the 
aSected  trees"  witT'catch^grejit  nuTiihors. ^^T^ 
shaking  of  the  branches  is  best  performed  in  the 
early  morning  or  late  in  the  evening. 


Communications  Keceived. — R.  Elliot  (next  week). — John 
Keiner.— A.  O.  Walker.— Arbor.— Rev.  0.  R.  A.— W.  B  — V. 
Dopleb,  plant  to  hand.— Sir  W.  G.  Carmichael.- O.  Thomas 
(thanks  for  the  photograph,  will  be  repro^iuced). — T.  G — 
W.  J.  M.— W.  C— J.  G.  B.— G.  O.— S.  H.— J.  H..  Leiden 
House  (please  send  full  address).- J.  R .  J.— W.  E.— M.  D.— 
The  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade  Association. — R.  McL.  (thanks). 
P.  C.  Pavis.— Dr.  King,  (Silcutta.— F.  M..  Glasnevin.- Pro- 
fessor M.  Ward.- W.  Sowerby  (thanks).- D.  T.  F.  (matter  is 
in  hand).— W.  Smythe  (thanks).— Dr.  Goeze,  Griefswald.— 
Sir  C.  W.  Carmichael.— Rev.  C.  R.  Linton.— H.  A.  Page 
(send  the  photos  for  inspection. — Gruueborg  &  Sons. — 
Cambrian  (next  week).— J.  B.— J.  C. 


ARKETS. 


COVENT  GABDEN,  July  21. 

Laboe  supplies  still  to  hand  with  prices  lower. 
Strawberries  coming  short.  James  Webber,  Wholesale 
Apple  Market. 

Fruit.— AVERAGE  Wholesale  Prices. 


Cherries,  J-3ie%-e  ...  3  0-  6  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  1  0-  2  li 
—  Chiinael  Isl..  lb.  0  9-16 
Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  each  ...  1  S-  3  0  | 


Vegetables — Average  Retail  Prices. 

i.  d.  s.  d. 
Mushrooms,  punnet  1  (>-  2  0 
Mustard    and  Cress, 

0  4-  ... 

4  0-  ... 


Artidiokes,  p.  doz....  4  0-  ... 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  9-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  9-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  spring, 

each  0  9-  ... 

Celery,  per  bundle  ...16-20 
Cucumbers,  each  ...  0  6-  1  0 
Endive,  per  dozen  ...  3  0-  ... 
Green  Mint,  bunch...  0  4-  ... 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ...  0  4-  ... 
Leeka,  per  bunch  . 
I^ettuce,  per  dozen , 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each, 


punnet 
)nion3,  per  bushel 
Parsley,  per  bunch 
Peas,  per  quart  ...  l  u-  ... 
Potatos,  per  cwt.  ...4  0-5  0 
kidney,  perc^vt.  4  ft-  5  0 
Rhubarb,  per  bundle  0  6-  ... 
Shallots,  per  lb.  ...  0  3-  ... 
Spinach,  per  bushel..,  3  0-  ... 
Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 

Tomatxjs,  per  lb.     ...  1  6-  ... 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  4-  ... 
POTATOS. — Old  Potatos  about  finished.    Jerseys  range  from  7s. 
to  85.  per  cwt. ;  Cherbourgs,  from  6s.  to  85.  per  cwt. 


,03-. 


Plasts  is  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Balsams,  per  dozen...  4 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ...  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
Draceena  terminalis, 

per  dozen 30 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9 
Euonymus,  in    var., 

per  dozen 6 


per  dozen ( 

Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

dozen  '. 

Ficus  elastica.  each  .  '. 


0-9  0  per  dozen 
0-12  0  —  lancifoli 
Lobelias,  do: 
0-60  0  Marguerite 
0-24  0        per  dozen 

Mignonette,  doz.    . 

0-18  0    Musk,  per  dozen    . 

I  Myrtles,  per  dozen, 

PelargoDi 


18  0-30  0 

doz.  9  0-18  0 

3  0-40 


6  0-12  0 
4  0-60 
2  0-40 
6  0-12  0 
each  2  6-21  0 
,  dozen  6  0-15  0 

—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

—  Ivy-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-  9  0 
Scented  Verbena.doz.  4  0-60 
Spiraea,  per  dozen  ...  9  0-12  0 


C0T  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilon.s.  12  bun  ...  2 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  3 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  0 
Carnations,  12  blms.  0 

—  dozen  bunches...  3 
C^3^lfiowe^,  12  bun.  1 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  3 
Gardenias.  12  blooms  3 
Heliotropee,  12  spr.  0 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  0  f 
Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms S  ( 

—  lancifolium.l2bl.  1 

—  candiduni,12bun.l2 
Marguerites,  12  bun.  3 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  2 


6-  1  0 
0-6  0 
0-2  0 
0-6  0 


6-2  0 
0-18  0 
0-6  0 


Myosotia,  12  bun.  ...  2  0-  ; 
Pelargoniums,  13  spr.  0  6-  : 
—  scarlet,  12  spr. 


Primulas,  double,  12 

sprays        0  9-  J 

Pyrethrum,  12  bun,..  2  iJ-  i 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-  ] 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6-  1 

—  red,  per  dozen  ...  0  6-  '. 

—  Saffrano,  dozen...  0  9-  ; 
Spireea.  12  bunches..  6  0-  i 
Stephanotis,  12   spr.  2  0-  ' 

■Trc^pSBOttomS.'lS  bun.  1  0-  ; 
Tuberoses,  12 blflia.,,.  0  6-  J 


For  Sale,    __^ 

AUSTRALIAN  aud  NE:#  ,  Z|1ALAND 
FERNS,  remaining  from  ColomaHftxhibjCion. 
100  DICKSONIA  ANTARCTICA,  fine  plants,  stems  3  to  6 feet. 

20  TODEA  BARRARA.  large  ami  handsome. 
CYATHEA    DEALBATA,     C.    SJllTHI,     C.    MEDULLARIS. 
TODEA  SUPERB  A  and  PELLUCIDA,  and  several  hundreds 
of  smaller  species,  all  in  excellent  condition. 
For  Prices,  apply  to 

Mr.     A,     F.    BARRON, 

ROYAL     HORTICCTLTCRAL     SOOrETY'3     OARDENS. 

CHISWIOK.    S.W.. 

Where  the  Playits  may  he  inspected. 


SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
B.HOBODEKDKONS  aud  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 

HOOPER   &    CO.,    Lim,, 

COVENT    GARDEN   LONDON. 


BEGONIAS. 


For  bedding-out  or  pots,  splendid  varieties.     These  are  seed- 
lings that  can  be  thoroughly  recommended. 

Per  dozen,  4s.,  post-firee. 

GLOXINIAS. 

Seedlings  of  our  magnificent  strain^,  not  equalled  by  any  in 
existence  that  we  are  aware   of.     The  most  superb  of  Jiouse 

plants.  In    thumb-pots,  6s.   dozen. 

PETUNIA  HOOPER'S  EMPRESS. 

A  lovely  soft  pink,  perfectly  liouble,  and  of  splendid  habit, 

Is.  each ;  7s.  6d.  dozen. 

SCHUBERTIA  GRANDIFLORA. 

A  new  plant  of  great  merit,  destined  to  take  a  prominent 
position  as  one  of  the  best  novelti."*  introduced  for  many  years. 
It  flowers  profusely  in  clusters,  shape  of  the  AUamanda,  pure 
white,  deliciously  scented,  and  lai^ting  a  long  time  in  water; 
flowers  large  and  of  good  substance.  For  cut  blooms  and 
decorative  purposes  it  is  unique;  the  culture  most  simple  in 
the  ordinary  greenhonae  or  conservatory. 

10b.  6d.  and  21s.  each. 
HOOPER  &  CO.,  Limited,  Covent  Garden. 


Carters'  Seeds 


PRESENT  SOWING. 


CABBAGE— Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  early 
tion.    Very  distinct.    The  heads 
weighing  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  sealed  packets  only— Per  pkt..  Is.  &  6rf. ;  per  oz..  Is.  6rf. 
All  post  free. 

CABBAGE— Carters'  Mammotli  Beefheart. 

The  best    Main-crop   Garden  Cabbage  in  cultivation ; 
very  large  firm  heads  of  exquisite  flavour,  very  few 
outside  leaves,  and  does  not  readily  run.    The  finest 
Summer  Cabbage  known. 
In  sealed  packets— Per  pkt.,  \s.  and  fjrf. ;  per  ounce.  Is.  6rf. 

LEHUCE. 

C.UtTERS'  GIANT  WHITE  COS  6'(.  &  1 

DUNNETT'S  GIA^'T  WINTER  COS    id.  &  1 

HARDY'S  NORTHERN  KING  COS       1 

CARTERS'  LONGSTANDER  CABBAGE  LET- 
TUCE                2s.  6rf.  &  1 

ALL  THE  YEAR  ROUND  CABBAGE  LETTUCE  ...  0 

Post  free.    Per  or.  Perpk 


Price,  per  pkt.,  post  free. 


CARTERS'  GOLDEN  GLOBE  TRIPOLI., 

GIANT  ROCCA 

GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI 

EARLY  WHITE  NAPLES 

GIANT  MADEIRA      


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  H0L60RN,  LONDON. 


W  Orchid  Peat— a  Specialty ! 

WOOD  AND  SON  are  now  cutting  from 
•    THE  NEW  ESTATE  (the  only  estate  celebrated  for 
its  special  quality  of  ORCHID  PE-AT). 

Send  for  Sample.    Special  Quotatione. 
Wood  Green,  London.  N. 

CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  ail  Qrubs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Thiip,  Hfeaty 

Bug,  Caterpillars,  dc.,  &c. 
PERFECTLY  )   '°  '^"=  V-anda  and  Skin,  Ijut  irill  cure 
HADMICCC    i   WnK'Voimin  Animals,  and  aU  Diseisea 
nflKMLfcbb   ;   pr..diiccd  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  combination  of  Ilyjrocnrlion  Oils,  made  soluble  ia 
Wat?r,   for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &.  PARASITES 


nd  Plants, 


,  wlietber  at  the  Eootn  c 
111  Chemists,  Is. 


that  infest  Trees  , 
on  tlie  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  Is.  6d,  26. 6d,  &  .(s.Gdi 

4  gallon  7s.  6d,  1  gallon  l'2s.  6d.  or  less  in  larger  quantities. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wliolpiale :  Hoopeb  &  Co. ;  CoitHY,  Sopkb,  Fowlkr  &  Co.; 
C.  E.  OsMAN  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chantj<_  and  "Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  HoiLses.    NEW 


YORK— Ro 


&  Son 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 


Throws  a  fine 
spray  20  ft.,  and 
aft  30  ft.,  with 
great  force. 

A  splendid 
sulstitute  for  the 
Syringe  for  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
25s.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
purposes,  45s. 
Carriage  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

%-APHIGIDE 

■^&  1/ 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&  CREAM  COLOR  SHADING 

Convenient,  Inexpensive— Easily  applied  — Lasts  all  the 

Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  otf.    Is.,  post  1/3. 

For  Fixing  Bloom  of  Azaleas,      ■  ■  I  |  ^%|_|  B^Ch  n 

&o.,  and  tV.r  Cut  Flowers.  fl  U  LaH  E^ 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  great  boon  t(-  Fluri.'^ts  aud  all  lover.s  of  Flowers.    Diies 
instantly.     Sold  in  bottles.  Is.  &:  2s.     I'er  post  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Provenkng  Vines  Bleeding  after  I'nming. 
Very  effectual  in  preventing^  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

wasted.    In  bottles  1/6  and  2/6.    Per  post,  3d.  extra. 
For  Destroying'  Beetles,  Cockroaches,    UIEPUE'C' 
Crickets,  Bugs,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &.'.    nUVntld 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  etfe.-tuiil   in  Greenhouses,— for  Animals  and  Bed 
Clothmc.     Frice.  6d.,  Is.  &  2/6.     Per  pos;t  3d.  extra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  ^flfiiMf^ 

tfSCTORIA  &  CATE/),TON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


116 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Jolt  23,  1887. 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  po-^t.  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAJIIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kcnnard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  76i,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.C.,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    Dep6t:  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road.  London.  S.E. 
Telegrams—"  Floriculture,  Londos."    Established  1854. 

PEAT   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Mascal  Estate,  Morth  Cray.  Kent.         

GiARDEN  and  FARM  REQUISITES.— 
r  Archangel,  Petersburg,  Garden  and  Packing  MATS  of 
every  description.  RAFFIA,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  CLOTH  ; 
GREENHOUSE  SHADINGS  of  all  kinds;  PEAT,  LOAM. 
SILVER-SAND,  anil  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE;  GARDEN 
NETTING  and  TOOLS ;  RICK-CLOTHS  and  TARPAULINS 
for  sale  or  hire;  MARQUEE,  TENT,  and  FLAG  Makers; 
JUBILEE  TENT,  25s.  each,  complete. 

SLY,  DIBBLE   and  CO.,  129,   Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Illustrated  Catalogues  post-free. 


•me  Best  Manure  for  aU  Horticultural  Purposes  Is 

RICHARD  MANN  and  C  O.  '  S 
UNIVERSAL  FERTILISER. 
It  is  the  most  effective  and  permanent  fertiliser  in  the 
market.  We  hare  taken  over  1000  First  Prizes  for  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables  grown  with  this  Manure.  In 
tins.  Is. ;  bags,  7  lb.,  2s.  6ii. ;  14  lb.,  4s.  6rf. ;  28  lb..  7s.  6d. ; 
56  lb.,  I2s.  M. ;  112  lb.,  20s..  all  carriage  paid.  We  also 
supply  finest  quality  Pish  Guano,  pure  Dissolved  Bones,  and 
Crushed  Bones,  in  1  cwt.  bags.  IDs.,  carriage  paid.  Dr. 
Voelcker's  Analysis  guaranteed.    Cash  with  order. 

RICHARD  MANN  AND  CO..  Howden.  Ea.st  Yorkshire. 

garden" 
requisites.  i 


Tw.> 


Medals. 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  tibrous    ...    5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  6d. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous      ...   is.  id.    ,,        5  sacks  for  20.!. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid     5s.  6d.    ,,        5  sacks  for  26s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ... 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  6d.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton, 24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported  ...  M:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „  (Specialite)  8d.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack  ...    5s.  per  bushel. 


it      lis.  I 


CHUBB'S  "  PERFECT  "FER-" 


■■-) 
TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  I 
all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  fTin 
Fruits,  Vegetables,  &c.     ...  ;    l/( 
CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality 
VIEGrN  CORK,  best  quality  only 


.71b.  141b.  281b.  561b.  1  cwt. 
3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 
1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 
_  —    3/-    6/6    10/6    17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  6d.  per  bushel. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  Is.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks.  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. ; 
30  sacks.  25s. ;  40  sacks.  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail. 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
in  sacks  only.  2s.  each.     Terms,  siriitly  Ca.sh  witli  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MttWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


"CyPROLENE," 


WEED  DESTROYER. 


A  NEW  DISCOVERY.— The  Cheapest,  Best,  and  Most 
Effectual  Preparation  for  Killing  Weeds.  Dandelions,  Moss,  &c., 
on  Carriage  Drives,  Garden  Walks,  or  wherever  they  may  eiist. 

No  disturbance  of  gravel.    Saves  labour,  time,  and  money. 
Supersedes  all  other  preparations. 

Messrs.  Richard  Smith  &  Co.,  Worcester,  the  extensive 
and  well-known  nurserymen,  write  us  :— "  We  are  pleased  to 
say  that  your  Weed  Killer  is  very  effective,  cleanly  to  use,  and 
the  best  we  ever  tried." 

Cuprolene  is  used  with  the  greatest  success  in  all  parts  of 
the  United  Kingdom.    Testimonials  on  application. 
Prices,  Carriage  Paid  to  any  Station. 

4  galls..  suHi.ient  for  100  galls,  of  water     ...JBO    6     0 

8         .,  .,  200 0  12     0 

16         „  ,,  400     „  „  ...     1     2     0 

40         ,.  „  1000     „  „  ..276 

6  per  Cent.  Disct.  for  Cash ;  carriage  paid  on  returns  of  16  galls. 

100  galls,  will  cover  an  area  of  about  .50  yards  X  .50  yards. 

Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers. 

DEIGHTON  &  CO.,  Agricultural  Chemists.  Bridgnorth. 

TREPHO  forORCHIDS. 

For  Potting.  Rafts.  Blocks.  &c.     To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN   FIELD,   F.R.B.S., 

75a,    QUEEN    VICTORIA    STREET.    E.C. ;    and 

SWAN  PLACE,  OLD  KENT  ROAD,  S.E. 

CATALOGUE  of  all  Horticultural  Requisites  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  description.. 


To  OrchM  Orowers. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall  Street, 
•  London,  are  offering  ^endid  PEAT,  in  fact  no  better 
obtainable.  Samples  can  be  setoi  at  above  address,  or  forwarded 
on  application  if  required. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  16s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  6s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  6d.  per 
bag.    SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or*ne,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  and  CO.,  Bamboro'  Station,  Hants. 


JENSEN'S 

Every  (jjain  fertilizes  becrfose    the  Gtiano  is  pcrXeclly 
pare.     It  is  moBt  economical,  rme  iiart  of  Manaro  to 

100  parta  of  soil  being  ample  for  gardeu  use. 
Write  for  Pamphlet,  TesHmonialB   and   fcatrtictioDB. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker's  aniilysis  guir.inlcd.     FISH-POTASH 
oontains  Ammonia,  PhosBBales  and    Potash  in  large 
proportions,  which    are  ^iie    principal    elements  of 
fertaizstion. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is. ;   in  Bags.  7 lbs..  2s.  :    141bs., 

4s.;  28lbs..  6s.  6d.;  56  lbs..  I0s.6d.  :  1  cwt.. 

16s.  ;   2  cwt.,  30s.,  carriage  paid.     Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 

10   St  w-i""''!  i>i->""    T,r,.^-.n    v.r. 


GISHUKST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outliveil  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes,  Is..  3s..  and  10s.  6d. 

GISHimSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  ed.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


Bosher's  Gardea  Edging  TileB. 


''HE    AP,(»VE   and  many  other  PATT1']KN8 

are  maite  in  materials  of  great  durability.     The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
^KITCHEN    GARDENS, 
they  harbour    no    Slugs 
'      'cts,  take  up  little 

further  labour  or  expc 
'grown"  Edgings, 
quently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES.  FOUNTAINS,  &c..  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,   and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conserviitoriea,  Halla,  Corridors,  Balconies,  Sec, 
from  3s,  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for  Lining  Walls  of   Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Battis,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  Kinds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  varietv.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  C0.,3rick  and  tile  Merchants. 

See  Adfi-esBes  above. 


V     E 

grain  a 


R 


S 


'V      N      D  , 

?  by  post,  per  Ton 


FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Femeriei 

KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied   at  lowest  rates  i 

quantitie-3. 


A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


THOS.    W.     ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IBOKt^OEKS.  STOURBRIDGE, 


1 

14X12 

y-  ^ 

iiixia 

lu  iM. 

20x12 

■^RT 

16x14 
18x14 

T  W 

20X14 

i/f  ^ 

J 

21-09E.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  bores, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOBOE  FABMILOE  &  SOXS, 

GLASS,  LEAD.  OEL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  John  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.    Quote  ChronicU. 


STEVEN      BROS     8..   C<> 
HOT        WATER        APPARATUS. 


1-   UPPER   THAMES     S'     LONDON.  EC 


s^'^Yfii^iS* 


HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 


for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


Joint  Hot-wjyjj;. Pipes.  9feet  long,  4s.  3rf.  each; 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  cost. 

Used  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing ;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station.  Is.  Sd.  per  gallon  in  casks  of  36,  20,  or 
10  gallons. 

r-y  A  jrrn  Tf\  A7 Every  cask  bears  the  above  Registered 

\jx\-  U  J.  -L  \Jiy  *        Trade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 


HILL      &      SMI TH 

Brierley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL 


FACTURK 

Garden  Engine  and 

Water-Barrow 

Oomblned. 

This  implement  is  well 

adapted  for  both  large 

and  small  gardens     It 

14  strong  and  well  made 

and   not  liable  to  get 

out  of  order 

CASH     PRICES 

(Carriage    Paid) 

\^  gallon  sue,   £3  165. 

20         „         ,,      £4     bs. 

2ft         .  .      £4  15s. 

'"3F-     Pumps  fur  domestic 

f^^'^nn  i    Rinlen    purposei, 

_    ,  ^. --^i.inl  !il  ngines.Water 

"^1^      \^         '  F=        ^^    I  nr  \i^  manufactured 
hvourselvP.     NEW  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  sent  free. 


Jolt  23,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEBS'     CBBONICLE. 


117 


CONTBAOTORS    TO    HEB    MA/BSTY'S    WAB    DEPABTMEITT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON, 


S.E. 


CAST-IKON     SADDLE     BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  Inches  to  66  Inches  long. 


(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"   LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  AND  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated   CATALOGUE,  llth  Edition,  price  \s. 

Price  LIST  on  application  Free. 
HOT-WATER     AND     HOT-AIR    APPARATUS 

ERECTED  COMPLETE,  OR  THE  MATERIAL  SUPPLIED. 


THOMAS'S  IRAIHINC  TRELLISES 

No.  81.     GALVANISED  AFTER  MADE. 

For  TrainiDg  Peas  instead  of 

sticks, 
Training  Plants  to  Walls,  &c. 

In  Paneu. 
6  feet  by  3  feet    ...    2S.  each. 


6  feet  by  4  feet 
6  feet  by  6  feet 
Also  used  for  training  plants, 
made  any  size  to  order. 
6-inch      4-inc-h      3-inch      2-inch      lA-inch  mesh. 

2d.  3d.  3^d.         4d.  4|d.         per  foot  super. 

GALVANISED     WIRE     NETTING. 

Improved  Madiiin'-minle. 


Greatly  Reduced  Prices  per  RoU  of  50  Yards. 


ift. 


3  ft. 


at. 


ift. 


Mesh.  s.    d.  s.    d.  s.    d.  s.  d. 

3-ln.  34  60  68  10  0 

2-ln.  46  69  90  13  6 

IJ-ln.  6    6  9    9  13    0  19  6 

1-ln.  8    0  12    0  16    0  24  0 

STEEL    BABB    WIBE. 


100  yard  Keek 
260    , 
630    , 


6    0 

Jcwt.  ...  12    6 
1  cwt.  ...  26    0 
Special  Quotations  for  Large 
Quantities. 


ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE 
on  application. 

J.  J.   THOMAS   &    CO., 

87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.C.; 
Works:    362.    EDGWARE    ROAD,    LONDON,    W. 


TCLASSHOUSES8c«EAT•^^fG: 


B.W-WA-RftU-RST 


HY.     VAN     &     CO. 

(The  Oldest  London  House  in  the  Trade.  Estd.  1730). 

17,   Tooley   Street,    London    Bridge,   S.E. 


nimtratal  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 

PROTECTION   FOR   FRUIT   AND   FLOWERS. 

GARDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  IJi.,  or  per  100  yards, 

10s. :  ditto,  4  yards  wide,  3rf.,  or  per  100  yards,  20.?. 
SCEIM    CANVAS,   1  yard  wide,   ■id.;    IJ   yard,    Hd.;    and 

2  yards,  6rf.  per  yard. 
TIFFANY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  3s.  6d.  per  piece. 
SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size 
RICK    CLOTHS,    TAEPAULINS,    Corn  and  Potato  SACKS 

FLAGS.  TENTS,  &c.,  for  Sale  or  Hire. 
TOBACCO  PAPER,  RAFFIA,  and  Garden  MATS  of  all  kinds. 


Fourteen  Sliver 


Medals. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
Weston-super-Mare,  Maqutacturer  of  TERRA  COTTA 
VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS,  BORDER 
TliES.  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality,  from  1  to  30  inches 
diameter,  stand  the  frosts,  and  seldom  turn  green  ;  ORCHID, 
FERN.  SEED,  and  STRIKUJe-PANS,  RHUBARB  and  SEA- 
KALE  POTS,  &c. 

Price  List  post-free.    Book  of  Designs,  Is.  6rf. 

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  and  packing  free,  a-nd  delivered  to  ang  London  Station, 
100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 

16  oz.      21  oz. 
13J  by    8J  for  10/-  for  14/- 
14/- 
15/6 


,  10 


11/- 
13/- 
17/6 


19/- 


or  300  squares  16  ounce,  8  by  6, 
or  250  squares  8^  by  6^,  or  220 
squares,  9^  by  6^.  or  170  squares, 
9  by  7J,  or  160  squares,  10  by  8, 
fix*  10s.   Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 


24/- 
20/- 
31/- 
35/- 

Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  miied  for  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  5c/.  per  pound.    Special  quotations 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     BOBINSOIf, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND     GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 

14,  Moor  Lane.  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.C. 

RICHARDSON'S 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  to  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted: — 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  tree     £2  15    0 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  „         „         4  15    0 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide „         3  15    0 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,        „  „        „         6  10    0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 


B.     HALLIDAT      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    WORKS,    MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent :  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  ice., 
2,  Holloway  Road,  N. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW  LONDON,  E.0 


^I^Ss^HORTICULTURAL  BUILDINGS 

1 1X1  il    in   any   part   of   the 
#^v-^        Kingdom  with  Hot-water 


Apparatus  complete. 


North  of  England  Horticultural  WorksT^^O 

DARLINGTON. 


GARDEN  SHADINGS,  Sr^^^' 

RUSSIA  MATS,  RAFFIA,  PEAT, 

SAKD,     COCOA    FIBBE    BEPXXSE,    Sec, 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 

CATALOGUE  on  APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

136,  COMMERCIAL  STREET.  LOHBON.  E. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  A^D  CO  willt,ive  Estimates  for 
description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of  charg. 
send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK     material     in     vi 
coloura.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Buiihill  Row,  London,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenheuses, 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  S 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,  LONDON,  E. 


RIGBY,  WAINWRIGHT  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS, 

Neptune  Works,  Manchester, 
Cotton     Wool   and     Wadding 

for  Florists  and  Nurserymen. 

Send  for  Samples  and  Prices. 


m 


T'HE'  ^  GAB  DENE  BS'     CHB  ONI  OLE. 


[JcLT  23,  1887. 


THE  CARDENERff^CHRONlCLE. 

Scale  of  Oharg-es  for  ^dvertising- 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. 

.  £0 

3 

0 

19 

Lines.,  £0    8 

6 

8      „     • 

.     0 

3 

(5 

16 

„     . .     0 "  9 

0 

6      „     . 

.     0 

4 

0 

17 

„     ..     0    9 

6 

7      „     . 

.     0 

'4 

6 

18 

„     . .     0  10 

0 

8      „     . 

.     0 

0 

19 

„     . .     0  10 

(J 

9       „     ■ 

0 

6 

20 

„     ..     Oil 

0 

10      „     . 

.     0 

6 

0 

21 

„    ..  ■  0  11 

6 

11       „     . 

0 

(j 

6 

22 

„     . .     0  12 

0 

12      „     . 

0 

7 

0 

23 

„      . .     0  12 

6 

13      „     . 

0 

7 

6 

24 

„     . .     0  13 

0 

14      „     . 

0 

8 

0 

25 

„     . .     0  13 

a 

AND  SIXPENCK   FOR   EVERY   ADDITIONAL  LINK. 

If  9?5,qcEoOT  two  eohtniTig.  the  lowest  charge  will  he  305. 

If  set  acroM  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30s. 

Page.  £3i_  Half  Page,  £1  103. ;    Column,  &. 


GARDENERS  and  OTHERS  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

36  worils,  iiicliulin;;  name  an.i  address,  Is.  6(/..  and  tSd.  for 
every  additional  line  (about  9  words)  or  part  of  a  line. 

THESE  ADVHRTISKMENTa   MUST  BE   PREPAID. 

IMPORTANT     NOTICE.  —  Advertisers    are     cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o/Iices,  at 
addressed  are  opetied    by  the  aictliorities  a}id 

Births.  Deaths  and  Marriages.  5s.  each  insertion. 

IT  reach   the  Office 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  in  Advance. 

The  U.-ilTKi)  Ki.v.iDoM:   12  -Montlis.  153.;   6  Monthi, 

7S.  fid.  ;    3  .Mouths,  3S.  9d. 

FoBKIfiN   (excpptiu£<    India   an.!    Chinai;    including  Postagi 

173.  6d.  for  12  Montlis;    India  and  China,  19s.  6d. 

Poat-olBce   Orders   to  be   made   payable    at  the  Post   Offici 

42,  DRURY  LANE,  W.C,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 


PuBLisHiNa  Office  and  Office  for  ADVERTisEftraNTS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

TANNED  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  \\d.  per 
yard ;  10s.  per  100  yards  \  25  yards  3  yai-da  wide  post^ 
tree  4s.;  4    yards    ui.Ic.  M,  p.T    yard;    2i1<.   per   100.     NEW 

TWINE  M-rrrrVi;.    l    Inrl h.   l    i  ,r.I    wide.  2rf. ;  2  yards 

wide,  .v.;    1          ■■:';.!      I  M  I'TON  NETTINR, 
64  iuch.'s  «    ,      '  i  ;  .'.  per  yard  (best 


W.  CL'LLI.Nta-()Illl.  Fc 


ate,  London,  E. 


WARNER'S     GARDEN     ENGINES 
4^^)  \^  \TER  BARROWS 

^  ^  -      -  — ^i^l  Are  of  thi 


best  mate- 


II  li  11  .t  (.  d, 
>i  I  111  .1  \i  iin,  \Mili  im  Mi;  a  HriUnt  Hrussils 
&(,  anlT«  Silv.rM  111  a;Mrd,  1  1  >  the  RomI  Horticultural 
Society  MaBu{£u,turer9  of  tiarden  Syringes,  Fountains  &c 
Illustrated  PRICE  LISTS  upon  application  to 

JOHN  WARNER  and  SONS,  Hydraulic  and  Horticultural 
Engineers.  The  Crescent  Foundry,  Cripplegate,  E.G.;  and  the 
Foundry  Works.  Wttlton-on-the-Naze,  Essex.  To  be  obtained 
at  every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 


MADE    WITH    BOILDfG    WATER. 


E    P     P     S    '    S 

GRATEFITL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 


Accidents   at    Home  and   Abroad. 

Railway  Anid.-nls.  |.:iii,,l,,v.rs  i.i.d.i  I  it  y,  insured  against  by  the 

i:>AIL\V,VY   J'ASSE.\(ii:i;S'   ASSURANCE 

-ll'      CO.MI'ANY.    i;i.    ioniliill.    Lnii.lnn.      Inmme     £246,000. 


Comp.iisutiou  paid  for  lls.iiiill  a.-ci.l.-nts,  £2,350,000.      Mode- 
able  conditions.     Prompt  and  Liberal 
t'liairinan,  Hitrvie  M.  Farcjuhar,  Esq. 
I    Hotel   Buildings,   W.C.  j    Head 


settlement  of  Cla 
West  End  Olhc.-. 
Office,  64.  Cornhill 


Lontion,  E.C, 

WttLIAM'J.  VIAN,  S. 


K 


--^ 


Inserted  in  the  DAILY NE] 
LONDON,    PK0VINCI4L,   and^pOREIGN    NEWSPAPERS. 
Exceptional  Terms  for  a  Series. 


^.v^dLP^^^^'^^ANT     PLACES. 


CONTRACTORS  for  the  SPECIAL  CORNER  POSITIONS 

On  PACES  2,  «,  a*iii  6  of,the  GiOi3.e.       '    '.' 

The  SPECLAL  CORNERS-  of  the  ^Y-ENING  STANDARD, 

And  the  SPECIAL  CORNEHS  on  FRONT  PAOEot  the 

PEOPLE. 

Sole  Agents  for  all  Advertisements  in  the 

OFFICIAL  GO  VERNMENT  POLICE  GAZETTE. 

WILLING'S    125,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C 

Telegraph'  Addreas^^*  WitLING'S,  Loudon." 
TelepKohe  No.  2773. 


GARDENING    APPOINTMENT. 

JIb.  George  Donaldson,  for  thirty  years 
Gardener  to  the  late  Earl  of  Kintoiik,  Keith 
Ilal!,  Aberdeenshire,  has  been  appointed  Head 
Gardener  to  AV.  IIitme  Dick,  Esij.,  Ilumewdod 
Castle,  Kiltegan,  co.  Wickiow. 


WANTED,  a  PARTNER,  with  a  Small 
Capital,  for  a  good  Market  Garden,  close  to  Bourjie- 
mouth,  where  a  lirstrchuss  trade  isdoing.  The  land  is  in  a  high 
state  of  cultivation,  is  well  stocked  with  Fruit  Trees  and  .all 
kinds  of  Vegetablea,  —  C.  HAMILTON.  Portland  Cottage, 
Parksfone. 

Covent  G£irden  Market,  W.C. 

PARTNER  WANTED.  Whole  attention  re- 
quired. Must  bo  adapted  to  the  business,  and  be 
energetic.— G.  B..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Oilice,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  an  active  niiddle-aj^ed  married 
Man,  without  children,  as  HEAD  WORKING 
GARDENER,  where  four  or  five  are  kept.  He  must  thoroughly 
understand  the  Management  of  the  Vinery,  and  ordinary 
Forcing  Stove,  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Gardens,  &c. — State  by  letter,  age,  wages,  length  of  service, 
and  full  particulars,  to  H..  The  Castle,  Wallingford. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER, 
up  in  Vines.  Flower  and  Kitoh. 
Laundress. — .Apply    by    letter,     stating    wag 
COSH  AND  CO.,  Netherwood  Road,  Hamraersi 


Must  be  well 

Garden.     Wife  as 


WANTED,  a  GROOM  and  GARDENER,  for 
a  place   in   the  country.      Wages  IHv.  ,,er  week  and 


only,    A.   B.,    ■■  ,Mui 


WANTED,  IMMEDIATELY,  a  good 
SINGLE-HANDED  GARDENER.  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Garden;  also  small  Greenhouse. — Write  particulars. — Mr. 
LINDLEY,  St.  Kilda.  Chislehurst. 


WANTED,  an  UNDER  GARDENER,  with 
experience  In  and  Out  of  tlie  Houses.  Wages  15s. 
Bothy  ou  the  premises,  milk,  vegetables,  and  firing.  Good 
handwriting  necessary. — .-Vpply  by  letter  to  T.  CHRISTY 
F.L.S.,  Malvern  House,  Sydenham,  S.E. 

WANTED,  a  Soft-wooded  PROPAGATOR 
and  PLANTS.MAN;  must  have  a  good  knowledge  of 
his  business,  also  be  able  to  Wait  upon  Customers. — State 
particulars,  wages  required,  &c.,  to  W.  B.  ROWES  and  CO., 
Barbouriie  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

ANTED,  a  first-class   INDOOR    PROPA- 
GATOR   and  PLANTSMAN,   of  good    address,   in  a 
-Market  Nursery.    Must  be  quick  and  neat  iu  his  work,  and 
competent  to  instruct  others  in  their  duties.— .V.  B.,  41,  Wel- 
lington Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  PROPAGATOR 
of  Roses.  Rhoilodendrons,  Clematis,  Coniferre.  &c.— 
Apply  by  letter,  stating  particulars,  reference,  age,  and  wages 
required,  D.  S.  THOMSON  AND  SONS,  Nurseries,  Wimbledon. 

ANTED,    IMMEDIATELY,    in  a  Hardy 

Plant  Nursery,  a  young  MAN,  of  intelligence  and 
activity;  must  be  quick  at  Potting,  and  useful  in  General 
Nursery  Work.  Permanency  to  suitable  person. — COLLINS 
AND  GABRIEL,  Waterloo  Nurseries,  ILampton,  Middlesex 


WANTED,  a  strong  active  young  MAN,  who 
is  well  accustomed  to  the  General  Nursery  Work. 
Permanent  situation  and  every  encouragement  to  a  persevering 
young  man.— Apply,  stating  wages  required,  &c.,  to  EDWIN 
HOLLAMBY.  The  Nurseries,  Groombridge,  Tunbridge  Wells. 


WANTED,   TWO   young   MEN   used  to   a 
Market  Nursery.— FOREMAN,    Mill   Lane  Nursery, 
Cheshunt,  Herts. 


WANTED,  a  strong  active  LAD,  about 
17  years  of  age.  to  Work  in  a  Garden,  and  to  Milk 
one  cow.— F.  O.  UNDERHAY,  Esq.,  Holland  House,  Crouch 
Hill,  H..riis,.y,  London,  N. 

WAiN'lKU,  a  young  MAN,  accustomed  to 
Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making,  to  take  charge  of 
Plants  under  the  Fori  man,  and  to  Wait  on  Customers.- Apply, 
stating  wages  required  and  all  particulars,  to  GAIUWAY  AND 


CO.,  Durdham  Down  N 


Clifttm,  Bristol. 


POSTAL  ORDEJiS.—To  Advertisers,  Suiscribers,  and 
Others. — /(  is  vert/  importat^  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  it  shtiuld  be  filled  in  payable  at  No.  i2,  DRURY  LANE, 
to  \Y.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
■fip  a  particular  person,  it  is  ampossible  to  prevent  any  person 
i^to  whose  h&nds  it  may  faU  from  negotiating  it.     -—    - 

N.B.—  The  best  and  safeSt  rheans  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVJi-RTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  af  Repeat  Advertisemints  are 
received  without  narne,  address,  or  anything  beyond  the 
postmark  on  envelope,  by  which  to  identify  the  sender;  this 
m  all  cases  causes  a  vert^  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  fre- 
quently the  sender  cannot  be  identified  at  all. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give  their 
Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to  the  Adver- 
tisement which  they  wish  repeated. 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Begister 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF, -FOKEMAN,  or  JOUKNEY- 
MAN.     Ladies  and  tientlemen  requiring  any  of  the  above  will 


^COTCH  GAKDENEKS, 

O  —John  DowNtE.  Seedsman.  141,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, hiia  at  present  on  hi3  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  wiiiting  re- engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  uoy  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 


RICHARD      SMITH 
beg  to  announce  that    they    are  . 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
«tc.— St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcost^r. 


AND        CO. 
tantly  receiving 


Gardeners.  Under  Gardeners.  Bailiffs,  ac. 

WM.  OUTBU.SH  AND  ISON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  a-s  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-claaa 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son.  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 

Situations  Wanted.  

JOHN  LAINCI  AND  CO.,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  waut  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  lirst-rate  Establishments, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.    No  fee  charged. — JOHN  LAING 


I  CO..  The  Nun 


,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


'^PHE      LXVEUPOOL      HORTICULTURAL 

X  CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston.  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  MAN.  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. — 
Practical  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.     Disengaged 
Augusta.— T.  C.  Tlie  Gardens,  Torrington,  Wragby,  Lincoln. 

pARDENER    (Head).— Age   28,    married; 

VJT  thoroughly  experienced  in  allbrauclies  of  theprofossion. 
Exceptional  good  reference-s  from  last  situation  (5  years). — 
FREDERICK  D.  SIDELL,  Earlham,  Norwich. 

G" GARDENER  (Head),— Age  40,  single;  has 
r  filled  a  similar  situation;  good  tei^timonials  a-s  to  Fruit 
and  Flowers.  Good  references. — A.  F.,  27,  Carlisle  Place, 
London.  \V.  ._„_..  _     _    _ _  .. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept. 
— Age  41,  married,  no  incumbrance;  thoroughly  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all  its  branches.  Excellent 
character.— D.  N.,  155,  High  Street,  Watford. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married,  no  incmn- 
brance ;  understands  Vines,  Cucumbers.  Greenhouse 
Flowers,  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Seven  years'  good  character. — 
H.  N.,  17,  Adelaide  Terrace.  Thames  Ditton,  Surrey. 


r\  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  33,  married,  no 

VIa  family;  eight  years' with  one  of  the  most  successful 
Exhibitors.  Good  Plant  Grower.  Well  up  in  Ericas.  Tho- 
roughly competent  throughout.  Excellent  references. — T.  A., 
2,  Whitby  ViUa-",  Sausome  Walk,  Worcester. 

Gi  ARDENER  (Head);  age  34,  married.— 
r  A  Gentleman  wishes  to  recommend  his  late  Head 
Gardener  to  any  one  in  want  of  a  thorough  practical  man. 
Well  up  in  all  branches  of  the  profession.  Eighteen  years'  ex- 
perience in  first-class  places;  three  in  last.  Teetotaller. — 
JOHN  F.  RAGGETT.  U,  Rundell  Road,  Paddington,  W. 

ARDENER   (Head);    age  37,   married, 

two  children  (ages  U  and:j).— Mr.EVANS,  Head  Gardener. 
Lythe  Hill,  Haslemere,  can  with  great  confidence  recommend  to 
any  Nobleman  or  Gentleman  a  thorough  practical,  energetic, 
trustworthy  man  as  Head.  Excellent  Grape,  &c..  Grower. 
Undeniable  testimonial  for  over  fire  years  as  Head  from  last 
place  and  all  previous.  —  Please  apply  as  above,  or  to  W. 
EARP.  Royal  Botanic  Gardens.  Regent's  Park,  London.  N.W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Wobkcng).  —  Married, 

uo  family;  tho  ou/h  .prj'v;-  .4  experience  iu  all 
branches.  Abstainer.  ■«  ell  recommt-nded.—N.  W.,  30,  Towns- 
head  Cottages,  St.  John's,  Wood,  N.W. 


July  23,  1887.] 


THE    GAUDENE^^  'dtlRO^ICLW 


119 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  three  are  kept. — Age  30,  married;  leavin"  solely  on 
own  account.  Four  years'  excellent  character.— CHARLES 
FOWELL.  Egg  Hall.  Epping. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working).— Married* 

without  family ;  desires  re-engagement  with  Lady  o"" 
Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  good  practical  man- 
Good  references.— T.,  6,  Bedford  Terrace,  East  Finchley,  N. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working).— Age    35, 

married  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches. 
Could  Manage  Pasture  Land  with  Stock  if  required.  Good 
character  from  present  and  previous  employer.  Leave  when 
suited.— CHARLES  COTTON,  West  Street,  Reigate.  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;    age  30.— 

Mr.  FOKBES,  Gardener  to  \V.  Drury  Lowe,  Esq.,  Locko 
Park,  near  Derby,  can  highly  reeommend  his  Foreman, 
Frederick  Beney,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
practical  Gardener.     Fourteen  years'  experience. — Address  as 

ARDENER     (Head    Working)    and 

Electrician,  where  a  praitical  and  experienced  man  is 
required.-Age  3.5,  married  ;  Fruit  Growing  a  specialty.  Total 
abstainer.     Eight  years'  reference  from  present  employer,  Abel 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Middle- 
aged,  married,  no  family;  twenty  years'  practical  expe- 
rience iu  the  Culture  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables, 
Early  and  Late  Forcing.  First-class  references  as  to  sobriety, 
ability,    &c.  — G.UIDENER,    Beechlands,    Caterham    Valley. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  three 

to  five  are  kept. — Age  35,  married,  two  children 
(youngest  8) ;  total  abstainer.  Has  had  twenty  years'  practical 
experience  in  every  branch  of  Gardening.  Is  a  thoroughly 
competent,  reliable,  industrious  and  trustworthy  Gardener. 
First-class  Plantsman,  Fruit,  and  Vegetable  Grower.  Excelloiit 
references.— GARDENER,  Mr.  Price,  Florist,  Ewell  lUjad, 
Surbit^n. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  thorough 
good  Single-handed).— Single ;  good  character.  Total 
abstainer.— W.  TOONS,  Kingston  House.  Prince's  Gate,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  Single- 

handed). — Age  33.  married ;  twenty  years'  practical 
experience.  Six  years"  good  character  from  last  situation. — 
B.  B.,  Guardian  Office,  Croydon,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (German),  in  a  good  Nursery. — 
Age  22;  seven  years'  good  experience  in  the  best  Conti- 
nental and  English  Nurseries.  Holding  first-class  certificates. 
— O.  O.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER  (AVorking).— Age  S7, 
single ;  thoroughly  understands  his  work.  Good  Rose 
and  Fruit  Budder.  Good  character.— C.  S..  Blake's  Green,  near 
Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Tirst-class  Single-handed). — 
Thoroughly  understands  Glass.  Flower,  and  Kitchen 
Garden.  Over  three  years'  character  in  last  situation.  — 
CHARLES  SMITH,  Locko  Park,  near  Derby. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed),  used  to  Inside 
and  out.— Age  22;  good  character.— W.  AUSTIN,  Friern 
Nursery,  230,  Peckham  Rye,  London,  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed).  —  Age  29, 
married;  three  years' good  character.  Well  up  in  all 
branches,  and  can  be  highly  recommended.  Understands  Stock 
it  required.- G.  SMITH,  Cottage  Hill.  Oxted,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
help  is  given). — Age  26.  Good  character  and  reference^i. 
— G.  B..  J.  Simmons,  1,  Horley's  Cottages,  Warwick  Road, 
Sutton.  Surrey.  ^_^______ 


GARDENER  (Single-handed);  age  28, 
married.— H.  H.  Cooper,  Esq.,  Sibdon  House.  Berk- 
hamsted,  can  highly  recommend  Henry  Hancock,  his  Second 
Gardener,  who  has  a  good  knowledge  of  Fruit  Culture  under 
Glass.  Lawn,  Flower,  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Five  years' 
good  character.— Address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second).— 
Age  40,  single  ;  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden  ;  Houses  if 
required.  Total  abstainer.  Well  recommended.  — W.  L., 
Kingsland  Cottage,  Stanford  Dingley.  Reading. 


GARDENER  (Second),  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  22;    gooii  reference.      Seven   years'  experience  — 
G.  S.,  The  Gardens,  Lessness,  Abbey  Wood,  Kent. 


GARDENER  (Second),  where  several  are 
kept. — Age  24;  two  years' guod  character  from  present 
situation.  Abstainer.— A.  BIRCH.  The  Gardens,  Hawk's  Wick, 
St.  Albans,  Herts^^ 

^^  ARDENER  (Under,  or  Single-handed).— 

yjT  Young  ;  has  a  knowledge  of  Kitchenand  FlowerGarden. 
Can  have  good  reference  from  last  place.  Total  abstainer. — 
C.  W.  JONES,  1.  South  Street,  Hammersmith,  W. 


GARDENER  (Under  or  Second),  in  a 
Gentleman's  establishment.— Age  22;  three  years  in 
present  situation.  Good  reference.  Bothy  preferred. — H.  W., 
Potlersferry,  Stony  Stratford,  Bucks. 

ARDENER  (Under,  or  Third  in  a  Gentle- 

man's  Garden). — Age  19,  single;  two  and  a  half  years' 
character.  Recommended  by  Mrs.  Holland,  Kemerton  Court, 
Tewkesbury. 

ARDENER  (Undeh).— Young  ;    four  and  a 
half  years'  good  ciiarader.— J.  B.,  Burghfield,  Bending. 


GARDENER  (UnderI,  wishing  to  Improve 
himself. — Age    19  ;     three  years  in  present  situation. 
Good  character.— N.  DAY.  Ben^low,  Uitchin. 


GARDENER  (Under').— Age  20;    six  years' 
experience  Inside  and   Out.      Good  character.      Total 
abstainer.— F.  S.,  Shady  Side,  College  Street,  Putney,  S.W. 


GARDENER    (Under).— Age   23;     used   to 
Kitchen  Garden  and  Lawn  Work.     Six  years'  excellent 
character.-H.  NORTH,  Ormond  House,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 

ARDENER   (Under).  —  Age  32,  married, 

one  child  {age  8) ;  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden. 
Excellent  character.  —  G.  HIGGS,  The  Gardens,  Newlands 
Park.  Sydenham.  S.E. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  20;  strong, 
active.  Has  been  used  to  In  and  Outdoor  Work.  Two 
years'  character.— T.  BELCHER,  Brightwaltham,  Wantage, 
Berks. 


NURSERY  FOREMAN,  or  to  MANAGE  a 
Branch  Establishment. — Twenty  years'  practical  ex- 
perience in  Growing  and  Forcing  Fruit  and  Flowers.  Good 
references.— H.  PESTRIDGE,  Lonslands  Park,  Sidcup. 


To  Nurserymen. 

GROUND  FOREMAN.— Wanted,  re-engage- 
ment  by  a  thorough  praftioal  ra:ui  as  Ground  Foreman. 
Could  undertake  Manaeement  of  a  Branch  Establishment. 
Escellent  references.— E.  R.  W..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Oflice, 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

FOREMAN,  good. — Age  25 ;  twelve  years' 
experience.  Three  years  Foreman  in  last  place.  Good 
Pliintsman,  and  well  up  in  Exhibition  Work.  Highly  recom- 
mended.—T.  S..  Handsworth.  Sheffield. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  25 ; 
eleven  years'  experience   in  all    branches.       First-class 
references.-J.  LEWIS.  82,  The  Mount,  Frankwell,  Shrewsbury. 


rOREMx\N. — Age  26 ;  ten  years'  experience 
in  Fruit  and  Plant  Houses.  Good  testimonials.  Two 
years  in  last  place  as  Foreman.— G.  MARSH.  45.  Woolcot 
Street,  Redland.  Bristol. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  25  ;  eleven 
years'  experience  in  the  Gardeiiii  of  Beaumanor  Park, 
Worksop  Manor,  and  Cole-Ortou.--J(.fHN  CLARK,  Hardwick 
Farm,  Caldicot,  Chepstow. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  good  private  establishment. 
— Eight  years'  experience.  Well  up  in  Propagating  and 
Growing  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Excellent  character, 
— For  further  particulars  please  apply  to  H.  CRUX,  Camden 
Nursery,  Sissinghurst,  Kent. 


FOREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR,  in  small 
General  Nursery,  or  PROPAGATOR  of  Heaths.  Roses, 
&c.,  in  Large  Quantities.  London  experience.  Good  refer- 
ences.— GENESTA,  Gardeners'  raro«!c?cOffice, 41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

OREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER 

of  Cut  Flowers  and  Pot  Plants,  Tomatos.  &c..  in 
quantities  for  Market. — Age  30 :  good  references. — 74,  Hurst 
Fold,  Irlam,  Manchester. 


FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and  SALES- 
MAN,  to  take  charge  of  Nursery. — Age  29,  single;  thir- 
teen years'  practical  experience  in  all  brauL-hes  for  Market  and 
Cut    purposes.      Good    references. — H.,    27,  Macklin    Street, 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GRO^\"ER  of  Hard  and 
Soft^ wooded  Plants,— Age  24 ;  good  references.— JOSEPH 
HOLMES,  7,  Mile  Ash,  Darley  Abbey,  Derby. 


PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER,— Steady  (not 
young) ;  well  up,  and  a  good  workman  in  all  branches 
of  Horticulture,  in  or  out.— C.,  19,  Canlerbury  Road,  Kilbum, 
London,  N.W. 


FERN   GROWER.— Young ;   practical.      Six 
years'  experience  in  Market  Growing. — H.  W.,  3,  Peel 
Road,  East  Lane,  Sudbury. 


GROAVER,  in  a  Large  Nursery,  under  a  good 
Foreman,  or  can  MANAGE  a  Small  Nursery  of  a  gooii 
home  trade.— Age  29.— JOHN  REASON,  4,  Halcomb  Road, 
Stoke  Newington.  London,  E. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  -vvith  Florist 
or  Market    Grower.— Age  US;    good  character.— X.   Y., 
l.=i.  Heatou  Road,  Peckham  Rye,  S.E. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Uouses.— Age  21; 
three  years  in  present  situation.  Good  recommendation. 
Bothy  preferred.— S.  H.  SNELL.  TheDaison.  St.  Mary  Church, 
Torquay. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  Gentle- 
man's  Establishment.- Age  22 ;  used  to  bothy.  Good 
character.— C.  B.,  The  Gardens.  Avenue  House.  Church  End, 
Fmohley,  N. 

JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  and  Out—  Age  22 ; 
can  be  highly  recommended  from  present  employer. 
Over  two  years  in  present  situation.— F.  ANDREWS,  West- 
mill  Rectory,  Buntingford,  Herts. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  good  private  Garden.— 
Mr.  Thomson,  Gardener  to  the  Duke  of  Grafton,  Wake- 
field, Stony-Stratford,  Bucks,  strongly  recommends  an  experi- 
enced young  man.     Energetic  and  trustworthy. 

OURNEYMAN  ;  age  21.— Mr.  D.  Melville, 

late  Head  Gardener.  St.  Vincent's,  Grantham,  can  con- 
fidently recommend  a  young  Man  as  above.  Seven  years' 
erperience.— Handiiyortiu  aear  Sheffield. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  good  Private  Garden.— 
Chas.  Boatwridht,  Gardener,  Moor  Park,  Famham, 
will  be  pleased  to  recommend  au  energetic  and  trustworthy 
young  man  as  above. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  (or  Second  in 
a  small  place). — Age2.'i;  good  recommendations.  Total 
abstainer.- W.  CLEAVLAND,  14,  Belsize  ParkTerrace,  Belsize 
Lane,  Hampstead,  N.W. 


JOURNEYMAN  (Second  or  Third),  in  the 
Houses.— Age  21  ;  three  years'  character.  Abstainer. 
Any  part  of  Great  Britain.^.  UGLOW,  7,  Bellamy  Street, 
Balham,  Surrey. 

IMPROVER,    in  a  good  Market  Nursery.— 
Advertiser    wishes    Uj    hear  of    a  sitviation  as  above.^ 
S.  W.  D.,  Kingston  Villa,  Bletchley  Station,  Bucks. 


TO  NURSERYMEN  and  SEEDSMEN.— 
Situation  desired  by  Advertiser,  who  has  had  the  Manage- 
ment of  a  Nursery  and  Seed  Business  for  his  mother,  deceased  ; 
has  a  good  knowledge  of  Soft^ wooded  Propagation  and  the 
Work  of  a  Market  Nursery  ;  considerable  experience  in  Wait- 
ing on  Customers.-J.  G.  COOK,  Manor  House,  Bishopstoke, 
Hants. 

TO  NOBLEMEN  and  GENTLEMEN.  — 
H.  Downing,  Norbury  Park  Gardens,  near  Dorking, 
Surrey,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man a  thorough  hard-working  Man,  experienced  in  all  branches. 
Can  have  most  excellent  character.  Shall  be  pleased  to  answer 
any  enquiries. 

'yo     NURSERYMEN  and  MARKET 

X  GROWERS.— Situation  wanted  by  a  young  man  (age  21) 
who  is  used  to  the  general  work  in  a  Nursery.  Five  years' 
experience.  Well  recommended. —  F.  B.,  Carbery  Cottage, 
Cliristchurch,  Hants. 

''po  GARDENERS.  —  Situation  wanted,  by  a 

J-       respectable  lad.    under  an  experienced    Gardener,   in 


To  GARDENERS,  &c.— Rev.  H.  Ley  reoom- 
mends  a  strong  Lad  (age  18),  experienced,  to  be  under  a 
Gardener.     Good  character. — Clewer  Green.  Windsor. 

To  FLORISTS.— Situation  wanted  by  a  young 
man  (age  31)  in  Florist  Business,  Well  up  in  Furni.liing, 
&c.  Good  references.  Three  years  iu  last  place.— C.  S., 
12,  Victoria  Road,  Battersea,  S.W. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 

TRAVELLER,  in  the  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade, 
where  stuff  is  produced  in  quantity  preferred. — Age  25  ; 
food  references  as  to  character  and  ability.    Fluent  French 
peaker  and  Correspondent.— G,  W.  FISHER,  Alpha  Cottage, 
Bromyard  Road,  Worcester. 

TRAVELLER. — Experienced  man  to  repre- 
sent a  good  Firm,  on  Commission,  in  the  Nursery  and 
Seed  Trade.— T.  W.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Welling- 
ton Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN.  — 

Wanted,  by  competent  Seedsman,  Florist,  and  Book- 
keeper, engagement  as  Manager  or  Head  Shopman.  Thirteen 
years'  experience  with  leading  firms  in  every  department. 
First-ciais  references.  Age  28,  married.— CORNUTA,  Hillside, 
Canterbury  Grove,  West  Norwood,  S.E. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant). — Age  21 ;  five  years' 
experience.  Good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  General 
Nursery  Stock  and  Seed  Trade  in  all  branches.— Mr.  HARDING, 
St.  Neofs,  Hunts. 

SALESMAN. — Wanted  by  Advertiser,  situa- 
tion as  Salesman  in  Covent  Garden  ;  well  known  in  the 
Trade.  Good  references. — Apply,  in  first  instance,  to  C.  R., 
1,  Osman  Road,  Lower  Edmonton. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 

CORRESPONDENT  (Thorough),  BOOK- 
KEEPER, and  CLERK,  with  practical  experience  of 
Nursery  Work  ;  or  as  JUNIOR  TRAVELLER.  —  Age  27. 
Bestreferences.- R.  H.  SMITH,  3,  Garfield  Street,  Hawick,  N.B. 

To  Seed  Trade. 

ASSISTANT. — Nearly  four  years'  experience 
in  Wholesale  and  Retail  Garden  Seed  Trade.— G.  ROSE, 
S.  F.  Armitage,  Seed  Merchant,  Nottingham, 

O   NURSERYMEN  and  SEEDSMEN.— The 

Advertiser  (age  22)  desires  a  situation  in  General 
Office  work.  Eight  years'  experience  with  Paul  &  Son,  Old 
Nurseries.  Cheshunt,— T.  JUDD,  Windmill  Street,  Cheshunt. 

HORTICULTURAL  DRAUGHTSMAN  and 
HOT- water  ENGINEER  —A  man  of  great  experience. 
Good  at  Designs,  Estimating,  Heating,  Details,  &c.  Has  had 
experience  in  Glazing  without  putty.  Landscape  Gardening, 
■     "         '  ..-.....---      Moderate  salary. — 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS.— Easy  Digestion.— 
These  admirable  Pills  cannot  be  too  highly  appreciated 
for  the  wholesome  power  they  exert  over  all  disorders  of  the 
Stomach.  Liver,  Bowels,  and  Kidneys.  They  instantaneously 
relieve  and  steadily  work  out  a  thorough  cure,  and  in  its  course 
dispel  Headache,  Biliousness,  Flatulence,  and  Depression  of 
Spirits.  It  is  wonderful  to  watch  the  daily  improvement  of  the 
complexion,  as  HOLLOWAT'S  PILLS  Purify  the  Blood  and 
restore  plumpness  to  the  face  which  had  lost  both  flesh  and 
colour.  These  Pills  combine  every  excellence  desirable  in  a 
domestic  remedy.  The  most  certain  and  beneficial  results  flow 
from  the  occasional  use  of  this  regulating  medicine ;  even 
persons  in  health,  or  when  following  sedentary  occupation, 
will  find  it  an  invaluable  aperient, 


jfc  to  daht^  ,\9WAB  no*nniiteW  ,tt  ^ftKl  eitt  it  .wiMAHOifl  KAMajW  bmt 


J  .vmiuaxhu  ,wbsi*it  ju  w.'d 


120 


TSE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JTII.T  23,  1887. 


GARDEN     REQUISITES.  —  Sticks,    Labels, 
\  irgin  Cork    Kaffia  Mata  Bamboo  Canes  Rustic  Wort 
Mauures   &        Cheal.f  t  Prices  of 
WATSON  AKD  St-l  LL  4     L  ner  Thamei  Street  Lonlon   EC 


LAWN  MOWERS 

All  tU  be  t      jkes        sto  k 

Excelsior    Ii    i     lie    Uol    a 

Shank  3  Green  s  Raii-)Oine  s 

Garden  Seats   Tables 

WiREwoRK  Tools  &l 

Swing    Water-Barrows. 


15  Gait, 
20  Gall.. 
DEANE 


.  54s. 


lbbyl«in 
18  by  18  1 
y22m  bSs  20by20  n 
y24m  80s      22by22in 

WOOD   BA£ROW. 


eO.'S  ILLUSTRATED  GARDEN  CATALOGUE 
(the  most  complet^e  published)  free  by  Post. 
All  orders  Carriaije  I'iud  to  any  .Station.   Discount  for  Cash. 

DEANE   &  CO., 

''"•  ""sufeL  """"  \  L  OND  ON  BR  ID  GE. 

"  Gather  Honey  from  Your  Flowers." 

NEIGHBOUR'S    CELEBRATED 

BEE-HIVES 

For  taking  Honey  without 

the  Destruction  of 

the  Bees. 


Silver  Medals  and  several 
others  awarded  to 

GEO.  NEIGHBOUR  &  SONS 

FUR  THtIR   IMPBOVi:i> 

COTTAGE  BEEHIVE, 

■rigiually  introduced  by  them, 

king  three  bell-glasses  or  tray 

ectioiial  supers,  is  neatly  and 

ugly  made   of  straw  ;    it  has 

e  windows  in  the  lower  Hive. 

his  Hive  will  be  found  to  pos- 

many  practical  advantages, 

more  easy  of  management 

any   other    that   has    been 

tpxluued. 

Price,  complete,  £1  15    0 
Stand  for  ditto     0  10    6 


THE  GUINEA   FRAME   HIVE, 


r  and  a  ca.se  of  1  lb.    Sections  with  cover  are  included. 
Price,  unpainted,  21s. 

CATALOGUE  of  Improved  HIVES  and  APPLIANCES, 
with  Drawings  and  Prices. 

GEO.   NEIGHBOUR  &  SONS, 

127,  HIGH  HOLBORN,   LONDON,   W.C, 

and  149,  REGENT  STREET.  LONDON,  W. 
Eatablahed  1816. 


WINE         GROWERS'         AGENTS 


JOHN  C.  HANDS  &  CO., 

Old-established  Wine  and  Spirit  Merchants. 

GOOD      DINNER      CLAEETS     from      12s.    6d.     per     dozen. 

SOLE    AGE.N'TS    FOP, 

GEVENCEY   CHAMPAGNE  (Specialit*?),  3 Os.  per  dozen. 


99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 
BOULTON  &  PAUL,    NORWICH, 


HORTICULTURAL    BUILDERS  ai-i  HEATING    ENGINEERS. 


O  ,r  GREENHOUSE.^  and  HEAT- 
l\(,  APPABATVS  are  Erected  in 
eitri,  port  of  the  Kingdom. 

Complete  Raugea  of 

VINERIES 
PEACH    HOUSES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c., 


GARDEN    FRAMES 

of  every  variety  in  stock. 
■  General  CATALOGUE  Post-free. 


SILVESTER'S  PATENT  STEEL  TRENTHAM  BOILER. 


Hot -water  Pipes  and 
Fittings 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

SADDLE,  VERTICAL,  and  OTHER 
BOILERS. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangement 

For  GREENHOUSES,  &0. 

All  kinds  of  HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS  erected  complete. 

HYDRAXTLIC  RAMS  AND    PUMPING  MACHINERY    FOR    ALL    PURPOSES. 

STABLE  and    HARNESS    ROOM    FITTINGS,    ENGINES,    BOILERS,   and    MACHINERY. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 


CASTLE    HILL    WORKS,    NEWCASTLE,    STAFFORDSHIRE. 

THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,  W.C. 

1887. 


Please  send  me  "  The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "  for  _ 
,/o)'  xohich  1  enclose  P.0.0._ 


commencing  _^__ 

(3"  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Direct  Atom  this  Office  must  bo  paid  for  In  advance.  ^ 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  I6s. ;  6  Months,  7s.  M. ;  3  Months,  ;)s.  W. ;   Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  PosUge,  17s.  (W.  for  12  Months.    India  and  China,  19s.  6i 

Receipts  for  less  than  sii  months' snbscription  ivill  not  be  sent  unless  speciolly  asked  for. 

P.  0,0.  to  be  made  paitnhle  at  the  Post  Office, 

No.     42,     DRURY    LANE,     London,     to    W.     RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Offlce,  41.  WeUington  Street  Covent  Oarden,  London   W.O 
Printed  by  William  Biohabds,  at  the  Offlce  of  Meeers.  BBiDiuBY,  AaxEW  &.  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  Cityof  I^ndo-.  ■■>  the  Co"ity  of  Middlesex  and  published  by  the 
•aid  WU.UAH  BloHiBDS,  at  the  Offloe,  11,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  3t.  Paul's,  Covent  Oarden,  in  the  said  County.— SiTDBDAT,  July  23,  1887.    Agent  for  Manohester-JoKll  HErwoOD. 


ESTABtiSHED 


No.  31.-V0L.  11.  gzz} 


SATURDAY,  JULY  30,  1887. 


[Regt.  as  ft  Newspaper. f  \f  ^ ^    3*1. 

V.     POST-FEEK.    3ia. 


CONTENTS. 


Apiary       

Botanical  Maga2me 

Bryn-y-N'euadii 

Cierodendroo  Thomsoua: 

var.  Balfourianum 

Colonial  note3      

Crinum  crassipes 
Cultural  MemoraQda    ... 
Epideodrum  Kienastii  ... 
Ferns,    our    native,  and 

their  varietiea 

Florists' flowers 

Flower  garden,  the 

Fruita  under  glass 
Gardening  appyointment 
Hardy  fruit  garden 
Hendre,  Monmouth,  con- 
servatory at      

Kew  notes...         

Kitchen  garden,  the 
Lauriston  Hall,  Torquay, 
R.  Veitch'srockworkat 
Law  notes — 
Richardson    v,    Clarke 

&Co 

Maize  and  Fruits  in  Ten- 

Mystacidium  filicorne  ... 


he- 


Moore,  the  late  Mr.  T.  ... 
Newton's  patent  glazing . 
Odontoglossum  +  crista- 

tellum 

Oncidium     hastat' 

Orchid  notes         

People's  Palace,  the 

Plants  and  their  culture 

Prunes  in  Ser\'ia 

Royal  Horticultural   So- 
ciety               134, 

Seeds,  vitality  of 

Silene  pusilla       

Societies  : — 
Manchester  Rose 
National  Carnation    ... 
Royal  Horticultural  ... 
Scottish  Arboricultural 

Strawberry  Victory 

Streptocarpus,  hybrid  ... 

Trees  and  shrubs 

,,    old  and  memorial   . 

Trop»oluma  at  Chiswick 

Urginea  eriospermoides  . 

Watering  plants,  philo- 
sophy of 


Illustrations. 

Clerodendrou  Thomsonffi  var.  Balfourianum 
Hendre,  Monmouth,  the  Conservatory  at     .. 

Lauriston,  rockwork  at 

Mystacidium  filicorne     

Scoly tu3  destructor  


THE  LI^'ERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION. 
The  EIGHTH  GRAND  SUMMER  EXHIBITION  of  PLANTS, 
FLOWERS.  FRUIT,  and  VEGETABLES,  will  be  held  in  Sefton 
Park,  on  SATURDAY,  July  30.  and  Bank  Holiday,  AUGUST  1. 
Entries  Close  July  23.  Schedules  of  Prizes  can  be  had  on  appli- 
cation to 


ABBEY  PARK,  LEICESTER.— 
A  GRAND  FLOWER  SHOW  and  GALA  will  be  held 
on  TUESDAY,  August  2,  1887.  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Mayor  and  Corporation.  Liberal  Prizes,  including  the  Veit«h 
Memorial  Medal  and  £5  for  Ist  Prize  Collection  of  Fruit, 
8  dishes  (Pines  excluded);  2nd  Prize,  £3;  3rd  Prize,  £2; 
4th  Prize,  £1.    Schedules,  &c.,  can  be  had  from 

Mr.  JOHN  BURNS,  Secretary  and  Curator. 


CLAY  CROSS.— The  THIRTIETH 
ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  wiU  be  held  on  TUESDAY, 
August  16.  Prizes  TWO  HUNDRED  and  THIRTY-SEVEN 
POUNDS.    Entries  Close  August  8.  t  <!TnTTARn  «»,. 

Clay  Cross,  Chesterheld.  J.  STOLLARD,  Sec. 


SHROPSHIRE      HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
SUMMER    SHOW    (open    to   all),    AUGUST    17    and    18. 
Twenty  Plants,  £25,  £20,  £15.    CoUection  of  Fruit,  £10,  £6, 
£3.    For  Grapes,  £44.     Collection  of  Vegetables,  8  sorts,  £5, 
£3,  £2,  £1.    Schedules  and  full  particulars  from 
Messrs.  ADNTTT  and  NAUNTON,  Shrewsbury,  Hon.  Sees. 

AIDENHEAD    HORTICULTURAL 

SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  SHOW  will  be  held  in  the  Grounds  of  Bray- 
wick  Lodge,  on  THURSDAY,  AugustlS,  1887.  Schedules  can  be 

""^y"  Parkgottage,  Maidenhead,   ^r-  O.  KING.  Secretary. 

WC.  HOLLAND,  who  is  resigning  his 
•  appointment  with  E.  G.  Hendebson  &  Son,  Maida 
Vale,  begs  to  inform  his  numerous  Friends  that  he  will  shortly 
be  in  a  position  to  make  most  advantageous  offers  of  PLANTS, 
SUNDRIES,  and  everything  connected  with  Horticulture; 
when  he  trusts  to  retain  the  confidence  and  support  he  has 
hitherto  enjoyed.  Further  particulajs  will  shortly  appear. 
Address  will  remain  up  to  August  6 —  Pine-apple  Nursery, 
Maida  Vale,  W. 


Begonias  a  Specialty. 

LAING'S  BEGOM I  AS.— Awarded  the  Jubilee 
Gold  Medal  at  Manchester,  and  two  Gold  Medals  by  the 
Royal    Horticultural    Society   previously,   also   26    First-class 
Certificates  this  season,  to  our  novelties,  being  evidence  of 
quality.     Descriptive  Price  LIST  free  on  application. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus.  Lilies.  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE   now    ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.   SILBERRAD  AND    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London.  E.C. 


PRIMULAS—  PRIMULAS—  PRIMULAS.— 
Eighteenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams'  Superb 
Strain,  Is.  6<i.  per  dozen  ;  10s.  per  100.  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Volonte  Nationale  alba, 
the  best  winter  white  PELARGONIUM,  strong  rooted  plants. 


Is.  each. 


JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 


A  Few  Laxge  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  6  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
CbamGerops  excelsa,  and  Phosnix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


K 


ELWAY         AND         SON. 

KELWAY'S    "MODEL"    CALCEOLARIA. 
KELWAYS    "MODEL"    CINERARIA. 
Price  of  Seed  on  application. 
Langport.    Somerset. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF   THE  VALLEY.— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  larg* 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Brealau,  Germany. 

Hyacintlis,  Tulips,  Crocus,  &c. 

WHOLESALE      TRADE     CATALOGUE 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  appli- 
cation.   Low  prices.    First-class  bulbs. 

B.  J.  LOMANS,  Bulb  Grower,  Haarlem. 


LAXTON'S  "  NOBLE  "  STRAWBERRY.— 
The  only  Fruit  lokich  received  a  Fint-class  Certificate 
from  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  in  the  year  ending  June, 
1887,  and  the  only  Fruit  Certificated  at  the  Society's  great 
Liverpool  Show,  July,  1886.  This  wonderfully  large,  handsome, 
and  prolific  early  Strawberry,  of  first  quality,  made  the  highest 
wholesale  price  in  Covent  Garden  Market  during  the  past  three 
seasons.  Mr.  J.  Muir,  after  trying  and  forcing  it,  says,  "  In 
my  opinion  the  most  extraordinary  and  valuable  Strawberry  in 
ciUtivation."  Particulars  of  this  and  "  Laxton'8jubilee,"afine 
new  late  variety  ;  see  previous  issue  of  this  Paper — also  free 
on  application.    Coloured  plate  of  "  Noble,"  6rf.,  from 

THOMAS  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 


WANTED,  BUDS  for  Budding  of  TEA 
ROSES,  Comtesse  de  NadaiUac.  Honble.  Edith  Giffard, 
Princess  of  Wales,  Souvenir  de  Gabrielle  Drevet,  and  H.P.  Lady 
Mary  Fitzwilliam.  Will  EXCHANGE  or  PURCHASE  for 
Cash.    Offers  to 

FRANK  CANT,  Rose  Grower,  Colchester. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 
NUKSEBTMEN,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,    Covent    Garden,    W.C,    are    open    to    RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 

QUELCH       AND       BARN  HAM, 

North  Bow,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STRAW- 
BERRIES, CHOICE  FLOWERS,  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily ;  Cheques  weekly,  or  aspreferred 
by  Sender.    Baskets  and  Labels  supplied.    References  given. 


WANTED,  Large  PALMS,  TREE  FERNS, 
and  other  large  ORNAMENTAL  FOLLiGED  PLANTS, 
in  EXCHANGE  for  ORCHIDS  or  OTHER  PLANTS.  Send  full 
particulars  to 

The  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  COMPANY  (John 
Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries.  Garston, 
Liverpool. 


DAFFODILS. — Hartland's  famous  stocks  now 
ready  for  delivery.     LISTS  free. 
DAFFODIL  IRISH  PRINCEPS,  magnificent  sample  for  forcing. 
Write  for  quotation. 
WM.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Old  Established  Seed  Ware 
house,  24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 


Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.       Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    .IDDRESS— "  PTERIS,"    LONDON. 

LOE  VARIEGATA.— For  Sale,  a  Pair  of  fine 

Plants,  suitable  for  large  house.     For  particular^,  apply, 
GEO.  BOLTON,  Nurseryman,  Buntingford,  Herls. 

URICULA     PLANTS.  —  Winning    Show 

Varieties,  for  Sale;  also  Alpines  and  Seed  from  beautiful 
strains.     Potting  time. 

F.  POHLMANN,  Parkinoon  Lane.  Halifax. 

Primula  chlnense.  fl.  albo-pleno. 

DOUBLE  WHITE  P  R I  M  U  L  A.— 
From  small  pots.  30s.  per  lOU ;  from  pans,  prii  ked  off, 
well-rooted  cuttings,  20s.  Free  to  any  railway  station  in  tlic- 
Uuiteti  Kingdom.  Good  arrival  guaranteed.  Price  for  larger 
quantities  on  application. 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Brealau,  Germany. 

D  I  A  N  T  U  M  C  UN  E ATUM  — 

ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM. 
5(X)  Plants  in  48's,  large  enough  for  24 'i,  to  be  sold  a  bargain 


To  Market  Growers  and  Others. 

FOUR   TONS  of   AFRICAN    TUBEROSES 
for  SALE.     Offers  wanted.     Must  be  sold  at  very  low 
ratea  to  clear.     Samples  on  application. 

Stamford  Hill  Nursery,  Amhurst  Park,  N. 


E 


AST      LOTHIAN      STOCK, 

for  present  sowing,    Very  superior  strain.    Scotch 

saved.     Crimson.  Purple,  Scarlet,  and  White. 

rimson  and  \Vhit«  Wallflower-leaved,  Is.,  23.  6d..  andSi.pkt. 

IRELAND  AND  THOMSON,  81.  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh. 


New  Roses  In  Pots. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  sorts  n^ 
Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA    and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  5-inch  pots,  carefully 
packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  15s. 


HALF  a"  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  8s. 
EWING  AND  CO., 
Sea  View  Nurseries.    Havant,    Hampshire. 

Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25.  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars.  London,  E.C. 

CHITTY,  68,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N., 

•  is  prepared  to  accept  an  offer  for  the  whole  stock  of 
the  unique  and  splendid  COLEUS  exhibited  by  him  at  the 
Exhibition  in  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens  on  June  15  ult,,  and 
to  which  a  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded.  The  stock  cou- 
iiats  of  68  large  Plants,  iu  tine  leafage,  and  fit  for  exhibition, 
and  300  strong  Plants  established  in  small  pots,  and  ready  for  im- 
mediate distribution  May  be  viewed  any  day,  Sundays  excepted. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sovring  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovel 
Sl  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
frea,  3d.— W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 


122 


THE     GAFDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


iJuLT  30,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Thursday  Next.— (Saie  No.  7452.) 

VALUABLE     IMPORTED     ORCHIDS. 
CATTLEYA  SCHRODER^E. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  August  4,  at  half-past  12 
o'clock  precisely,  an  importation,  just  arrived,  of  this  rare  and 
exceptionally  beautiful  CATTLEYA,  with  broad  and  dietinct- 
lookiDg  leaves.  Its  large  and  free-blooming  habit  aud  its 
broad  green  foliage  render  it  worthy  of  a  space  in  every  col- 
lection. The  petals  and  lipa  are  finely  fringed,  aud  the  whole 
flower  of  a  delicate  purple.  For  further  description  of  this 
desirable  Orchid,  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  April  16,  1887, 
p.  512,  where  Professor  Reicheubach  describes  it  a^  a  coriieous 
novelty. 

At  the  same  time  will  be  offered  CATTLEYA  SUPEREA 
SPLENDENS,  true,  from  Rio  Brauco,  and  the  fiueat  form  in 
existence;  CATTLEYA  ELDORADO  SPLENDENS.  from  the 
Orinoco  River  ;  CATTLEYA  SPECIES,  from  a  hitherto 
unexplored  district  in  the  Brazils,  both  bulbs  and  leaves  very 
plump  and  fresh  with  sound  dormant  eyes.  The  above  splendid 
Cattleyas  in  most  excellent  condition  with  fine  green  foliage, 
and  sound  dormant  eyes.  Cattleya  superba  splendeus  must 
not  be  confounded  with  the  common  superba  from  Demerara, 
from  which  it  totally  differs;  its  flowers  are  larger  auil  of  a 
deeper  and  far  more  brilliant  hue ;  it  is  one  of  the  be^t  of  the 
whole  genus,  and  a  most  striking  and  brilliant  hue.  It  is  of 
easier  growth  than  the  ordinary  form  and  more  floriferous ; 
very  few  plants  of  this  handsome  species  exist  in  collecti 


Cattleya  Eldorato  splende 
habitat,  and  is  a  very  W: 
large  and  of  fine  shape ;  ~- 
yejjow,  lower  part  from  H. 


-if-Tl    ■=1..- 


SOPHRONITES  CERINA, 


ny  oth. 


its  native 
-  ;  the  whole  flower  ia 
ri  •''',  lip  deep  golden- 
I  -I  purple. 
I  lanls  of  C.VTTLEYA 
LullA,  tine  pieces  of 
ORCHIDS  of  value. 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Dutch  Bulbs.— Trade  Sales. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  FIRST  SALE  of  DUTCH  BULBS  this  Season  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  KingStreet,  Covent  Garden. 
W.C.,  on  MONDAY,  August  15,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely, and  will  consist  of  lots  specially  suited  for  the  Trade 
and  other  large  buyers. 

N.B.— The  Sales  will  after  this  Date  take  place  every  MON- 
DAY'. WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 


M 


Speoiaa  Sale  of  OrcWds  In  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  next  SPECIAL  .SALE  of  ORCHIDS  iu  Flower  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  33,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  Augnst  U,  and  he  will  be 
glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  entering  Plants  for  this  Sale  will 
please  send  particulars  as  soon  as  possible. 

HerefordsMre,  near  to  Malvern. 

To  GENTLEMEN  FRUIT  GROWERS,  GARDENERS, 
and  Others. 
"  RIDGWAY  HOUSE  "  and  other  FREEHOLD  PROPERTY  in 
the  Pariah  of  Cradley.  near  to  Malvern,  beingabout  II  miles 
from  Malvern,  o  from  Colwall,  6  from  Bromyard,  and  10 
from  Worcester. 

ESSRS.  GATES,  PERRENS,  and  WOOLI)- 

RIDGE  are  favoured  with  instructions  (unless  previously 
disposed  of  by  Private  Treaty)  to  SELL  by  AUCTION^  by  ordir 
of  the  mortgagee  of  the  late  Mrs.  Yapp,  at  the  Mart,  Pierpoiiit 
Street.  Worcester,  on  WEDNESDAY,  August  3,  1837.  at  1  for  5 
o'clock,  snbjeet  to  conditions,  the  following  valuable  FREE- 
HOLD PROl'ERTIES,  viz.  :— 

Lot  1.— '■RIDGWAY  HOUSE,"  with  Gardens,  Hothouses, 
Cottage,  Orchard,  Outbuildings,  and  Appurtenance-s,  situate 
on  the  road  from  Worcester  to  Hereford,  and  comprising  an 
area  of  2  acres  and  20  perches,  in  the  occupation  of  Mr.  .T.  W. 
Webb.  The  House  stands  amidst  charming  scenery,  command- 
ing splendid  views  of  the  Malvern  Range,  and  comprises  2 
Reception  Rooms,  6  Bedrooms,  and  suitable  Domestic  Offices. 
The  Hothouses  consist  of  a  large  Peach  House,  150  by  30  feet, 
with  span  roof ;  Fig  House,  33 feet  9 inches  by  15 feet  6 inches; 
long  range  of  Vineries,  ISO  by  18 feet,  in  three  divisions;  small 
Conservatory  ;  Peach  House,  adjoining  the  back  of  the  Dwelling 
House ;  2  Forcing  Pits,  48  ft.  8  in.  by  8  ft.,  and  19  by  10  feet 
respectively,  and  used  for  Tomatos;  Tomato  House,  83ft.  6  in. 
by  13  ft,  G  in.,  and  a  large  Workshop  with  glass  root,  used  for 
growing  Peaches.  The  whole  of  the  Hothouses  and  Pits  are  of 
recent  erection,  in  good  order,  and  are  heated  with  a  complete 
system  of  Hot- water  Apparatus,  provided  with  Boilers  In  dupli- 
cate and  stack.  The  Soil  of  this  locality  has  been  proved  to  be 
especially  adapted  for  the  Growing  of  Grapes  aud  Stone  Fruit, 
and  the  fruit  from  the  houses  on  this  lot  has  in  recent  years 
been  amongst  the  finest  that  has  been  sent  to  the  London  and 
other  markets.  The  Vines,  Peaches,  Figs,  and  Tomatos  have 
all  been  very  carefully  trained  by  the  present  tenant,  and  there 
13  an  abundant  show  of  fruit.  The  Kitchen  Garden  is  well 
stocked  with  all  sorts  of  Vegetables  and  Fruit  Trees.  There  is 
also  a  Cottage  and  small  Paddock  adjoining  the  Kitchen  Garden, 
and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  are  Coach  House  and 
Stabling,  Cow  Sheds,  Lime  House,  Barn,  and  other  Out- 
buildin{|S  ;  also  a  small  Orchard. 

Lot  2.— a  4-roDm  COTTAGE,  with  Bakehouse,  also  a  large 
Garden  and  Field  of  Meadow  Land  and  Orchard,  comprising  in 
all  an  area  of  5  acres  and  21  perches,  situate  near  the  road  from 
Worcester  to  Hereford,  near  Lot  1,  and  let  to  Mr.  Griffiths  at  a 
rent  of  £18  per  annum.  This  Land  would  make  grand  Straw- 
berry Beds. 

For  particulars  and  further  information  apply  to  Messrs. 
CORSER  AND  WALKER,  Solicitors,  Stourbridge ;  or  the  Auctio- 
neers.  Angel  Place.  Worcester;  also  Stourbridge  and  Droitwich. 

Hauwell. 

FREEHOLD  DETACHED  RESIDENCE,  with  large  Garden 
and  extensive  Range  of  Glasshouses.— To  Nurserymen, 
Florists,  and  Others.— Wifh  posses'-ion. 

MR.  W.  A.  BLAKEMORE  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  the  "Duke  of  York"  Hotel,  Hanwell  on 
THURSDAY,  August  4,  at  6  for  7  o'clock,  the  FREEHOLD 
detached  RESIDENCE,  Floral  Villa,  Boston  Road  containing 
12  Rooms,  &c.,  large  Garden  in  the  rear  (small  part  leasehold), 
and  Ranges  of  Glasshouses  and  Forcing  Pits. 

May  be  viewed,  and  particulars  and  plans  had  of  E.  DRAPER 
Esii.,  Solicitor.  3.  Vincent  Square,  Westminster ;  at  the  place 
of  Sale ;  and  of  the  Auctioneer,  21,  Salisbury  Street,  Strand 


Friday  Next. 

IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 

CATTLEYA    RANDERIANA  -  ODdNTOGLOSSUM    ALEX- 

ANDR.E. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Messrs.  Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co.  tu 
S^LL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68, 
Cheapside.  London,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  5,  at 
Half-jiast  12  o.Clock  precisely,  a  splendid  Importation  of 
CATTLEYA  SANDERIANA,  in  very  tine  conditioS,  the  entire 
consijf  nment  being  offered ;  an  unusually  good  lot  of  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM  ALEXANDR^E  of  this  well-known  type,  and  in  the 
best  possible  condition  ;  O.  grande,  Lycaste  Skinneri.  On- 
cidium  Weltoni  (true),  O.  Kramerianum,  Comparettia  macn>- 
plectron.  Sec. 

The  sale  will  also  include  a  specially  selected  assortment  of 
about  160  lots  of  Choice  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS- another 
property. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogu.-s  had. 


Dutch  Bulbs. 

aPECIAI,   TRADE    SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  llieir  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C..  on  MONDAY,  August  15, 
THURSDAY,  August  18,  also  on  August  22,  2."i,  27,  and  29, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NAKCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quality.    The  lots  in  these  Sales  are  specially  made  up  to 

the  Trad.>  and  othf    ' ^ 

On  view  ni 


M 


Messrs.  William  Maule  &  Sons  Nurseries, 

Stapletuu   Kii.id,  and  Sloke  Gilford,  Bristol. 
To  NIIRSEIIYMEN,  SEEDSMEN,  and  FLORISTS. 

R.  EDWARD  T.  PARKER  has  been 
favoured  with  instructions  from  Miss  L.  Maule  (the 
Executrix  of  the  late  Mr.  Alexander  .1.  Maule),  to  negotiate 
for  SALE  by  PRl  V  AT  TREATY  the  VALUABLE  GOODWILL, 
POSSESSION,  and  STOCK  of  this  OLD-ESTABLISHED  BUSI- 
NESS, whi.  h  bus  bei-ii  successfully  carried  on  by  the  late  Mr. 
Maule  and  his  predecessors  for  tile  past  117  years. 

The  Nurseries  are  situate  at  Stoke  Gifford,  3J  miles  from  the 
Stapleton  Road  Offices ;  they  have  a  good  aspect  aud  well  shel- 
tered position,  and  comprise  about  25  acres  of  magnificent  soil, 
especially  adapted  for  growing  American  Plants,  Rhododen- 
drons, Azaleas,  and  every  other  description  of  Trees  and  Plants. 

There  are  Offices,  Stabling,  Stores,  and  every  convenience  ; 
also  a  large  Greenhouse  fitted  with  Hot-water  Apparatus  of 
the  most  modern  description. 

The  Stock  is  now  in  a  very  healthy  condition,  and  includes 
Forest  Trees,  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs,  Rhododendrons, 
Conifiers,  &c.  ;  also  Fruit  Trees  of  all  kinds.  Stove,  Green- 
house, and  other  Plants. 

Attached  to  the  Business  is  an  extensive  conuection  among 
the  principal  Nobility  aud  Gentry  in  the  Kingdom,  Messrs. 
Maule  &  Sons  having  the  reputation  for  supplying  stock  of  the 
highest  character. 

The  Goodwill  has  been  fixed  at  a  nominal  sum,  and  the  Stock 
and.Utensils  will  have  to  be  taken  to  by  valuation. 

Mr.  Edward  T.  Parker  begs  to  direct  the  attention  of  those 
seeking  a  really  genuine  concern,  as  the  Nurseries  are  situate 
within  a  mile  of  Patchway  Station,  which  affords  communica- 
tion to  all  parts  of  the  country,  and  the  Business  is  one  of  the 
best  known  in  the  West  of  England  and  South  Wales.  If 
desired,  easy  terms  of  payment  can  be  arranged. 

For  further  particulars  and  cards  to  view,  apply  EDWARD 
T.  PABKER.  Auctioneer  and  Valuer,  39,  Broad  Street,  Bristol. 


FOR  SALE,  through  ill-health  of  o^vner,  an 
old-established  CUT  FLOWEB,  FRUIT  GROWING 
and  NURSERY  BU.SrNESS,  near  Birmingham— a  really  firsts 
class  opening.     Ingoing  by^aluation. 

B.,    Gardeners'    Chronicle    Office,    41,    Wellington    Street 
Strand,  W.C. 


FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imrie's 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-known  NTJBSERY 
BUSINESS  so  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 
Trees  and  Shrubs.  Further  particulars  on  application  to 
IMRIE   AND  CO.\IPA^Df■    The  Nurseries.    Ayr.   N.B. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  as,  a  going  oouceiu,  LE-ISE, 
GOODWILL,  and -STOCK,,  of  a  genuine  .  Small  NUR- 
SERY BUSINESS,  aituatain  a. fashionable  Loudon  suburb 
(Surrey  side).    Owuer.retiriujf.    Apply  to  .       ■'-:■■ 

Mr.  LANE,  Surveyor,  33,  Elam  Street,  Camberwell,  S.E; 


To  Gentlemen...Flonsts,  and  others, 
'■po     BE     LET     or     SOLD,    a     MAltKET 

X  NURSERY,  a  few  miles  from  Cov.iit  Ganb-n.  Th.-re 
are  4  acres  of  Land,  10,000  feet  of  Gla-ss,  and  good  bwelliii" 
House.  Lease  71  years,  tithes  reclaimed.  Rent,  £35.  Ill" 
health  cause  of  parting. 
Apply  by  letter  for  particulars  to  A.  B.,  Mr.  Hartroue, 
High  Street,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


Stationi 


To  Florists,  &c. 

To    BE    LET  or  SOLD,    on   Bexley   Heath, 
8  new   GREENHOUSES,    200  by  12  and  16  feet,   now 
planted  with  Tomatos.    Room  to  erect  more.     Apply 

W.  G.  BAILEY,  Florist,  The  Nurseries,  Bexley,  Kent. 


QMALL    NURSERY, 

O    6  miles  from  Mancheste 
cheap.— J.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Offii 
Strand,  W.C. 


5000    feet    of    Glass, 

stock,  all   complete.    Very 

41,  Wellington  Street, 


Navarlno  Eoad,  Hackney. 

nrO    BE    LET,    a    large    GARDEN,    Green- 

J-     houses.  Vineries,  Ferneries,  and  Stove  Houses.    Cottage 

if  required.  '' 

Apply,  C.  M,,  342,  Mare  Street,  Hackney,  W. 


TTo  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 
0  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  about  13^  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plaietow,  situated  iu  the  Prince  Regent's 
Lane,  aud  close  to  the  Barking  Road.    For  particulars  apply  to 
Messrs.  GLUTTON,  9,  Whiteliall  Place,  S  W. 


GARDENERS'  ORPHAN  FUND. 

Donations  and  Subscriptions  ahead// 
promised  or  sent. 
SIXTH      LIST- 


Goldsmid,  Sir  Julian,  liart.,  M.P. 
Mcintosh,   James,   Duneevau,   Oatlanda 

Park,  Weybridge         

Lawrence.  Sir  Trevor,  Bart.,  M.P.,  B 

ford  Lodge,  Dorking 

Bull.  William,  King's  Road.  Chelsea 
Courtauld,  S.,  Bocking  Placs,  Braintree 
Xow,  Hngh  &  Co.,  The  Nurseries,  Clap- 
ton, E 

Beale.  E.  J.,  Messrs.  James  Carter  &  Co. 
Week9&Co.,John,  King's  Road,  Chelsea 
Llewelyn,  J.T.  D.,  PenlTergare,  Swai 
Adams,  H.  J.,  Roseneath,  Enfield,  N 

Cannell.  Henry,  Swauley 

Hibberd,  Shirley,  Priory  Road,  Kew 
Fraser,   J.,   Lea  Bridge  Road  Nursery, 

Leyton 

Grimwood,  E.,  127.  Fleet  Street, E.C. 
Shuttleworth,      Carder    &    Co.,      Park 

Road.  Clapham  

Taiitz.,  F.  G.,  Studley  House,  Hammer- 
smith        

Wills,  John.  16.  Onslow  Crescent,  S.W, 
Wills  &Segar,  The  Nurseries,   Onslow 

Crescent,  S.W.  

Wright,  J..  171,  Fleet  Street,  E.G. 
Bull,    William,     Jun.,     King's    Road 


Strand 
Fromow    &    Sons,    W.,    Sutton    Court 

Nursery,  Chiswick      

Allan,    W..    Gardener,    Gunton    Park, 

Norwich  

Little,  H.,  The  Barous,  Twickenham  „ 

Munro,  J.,  Richmond         

Sharman,   C.  H.,   Messrs.  James  Carter 

&Co 

Cutler,  E.  R.,  Bonwicks.  Wimbledon 
Ford.  J.  H.,  London  and  County  Bank, 


Nurseries,  Maid- 


nier,    Hasfield    Court, 
Hazlewood,      King's 


Richmond 
Bunyard,  G., 

stone        

Castle,  L.,  Hotham  House,  Merton 
Pritt,   Mrs.,    Rampsbeck    House,    Ulls- 

"water,  Pe 

Venahles,  F..  Woodlands,  Keuley,  Surrey 
Venable'*,  Mrs.  F,,  Woodlands,  Kcnley, 

Holmes.  W.,  Frampton  Park  Nurseries, 

Hackney,  E 

Dover,     B.,     Gardener,     High    Leigh, 

Hoddesdon         

Rnyson,  W 

Aplin.    J..    Gard. 

Gloucester 
Stanward,     W., 

Langley  ... 
Trinder,      G..      Dogmersfield     Gardens, 

Winchfield        

Petch.    J.  R.,    Rozella    Cottage,    Brom- 


Mauor,  Notts    ,.. 
Bailee.    T..    Gardener.     Burnage    Ha 

Leowshulme,  Manchester    ... 
Bradshaw,     T..     Gardener.      Hillsboi 

Cattle,  Hillstoro*,  County  Down 
Hnrtland,  J.,  Gardener,    Canon    Frome 

Court,  Ledbury  , 

Jeal,  A. j'..  Gardener. Woodlands, Kenley, 

Surrey  '„.;-'      ...    '     ...        

Soar,  C,"  GSrdener-ttr^Ir^  H.  S.  Thorn- 
ton. Clapham  Common      '     .'. 
Cove,  A.  W..   Grdnr..  PentiUie. Castle, 

St.  Melliou.  Cornwall-  

Carpenter.  J.,   SJaniford  Road,  Watford 
Fitt,    J.   H.,    Gardener,     The    Frythe, 

Welwyn...     ■    ...         ;..         

Norbury,  W.F..  "Brentford 

Foretoan.  The,  P^ntUiie  Castle  Gardens, 
_St,  Mellioo^Connvall         -  ...  -     ... 


1     1    U 
1     1    0 


10    0 
0  10    6 


1    1 

1     1 


1    1 
1    1 


0  10 
0  10 


O'   5 
K*    5 


0  5 

0  5 

U  5 

0  2 


Further  HdnaUms.  and  Subscriptions  will  be  thankfully 
received  by 

A.  F.  BAERON,  Honorary  Secretary. 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL  SOCIKTY'S  GARDENS 
CHISWICK.  LONDON,  W. 


SAMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect 
House.  Belper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  the  following,  of 
which  he  makes  a  Specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS  —  PRIMULAS  —  PRIMULAS.  —  Grand  Premier 
Prize  and  Covent  Garden  strains  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
Pure  White,  Carmine,  Rose.  Salmon,  Crimson,  &c.  Fine  large 
tru^sc  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers;  strong  plants,  to  bloom 
well,  Is.Sd.perdoz;  extra  strong.  Is.  6rf. ;  95.  per  100.    All  free. 

CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS.  —  Bull's 
celebrated  prize  strain,  dwarf,  compact  habit  and  most 
brilliant  colours  ;  cannot  possibly  be  excelled.  Good  plants. 
Is.  3^.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong.  Is.  6rf. ;  9s.  per  100.     All  free. 

CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN  —  CYCLAMEN.  —  Same  grand 
strain  and  from  the  same  celebrated  growers  that  I  have  sent 
out  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  with  all  the  latest  improve- 
ments in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit,  lyearold  plants,  \3.6d. 
per  do7en  ;  extra  strong,  2s. ;  10*.  per  100.    All  carriage  free. 

SAMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect  House,  Belper. 


JciT:  30,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     GHB^ONICLE. 


RL 


123 


SEEDLING  PLANTS 

OF    CHOICE 

FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 


WE    HAVE    MUCH    PLEASURE 
in  offering  the  following,  iu  strong,  healthy,  trans- 
planted young  stuff,  from  our  superb  strains. 
Free  hy  Post  at  prices  quoted. 

Per  dozen.— s.  d. 
Auriculas,    alpine.      ^'ery   choice,   strong  young 

piaiit-^  tor  Mourning  next  season        2    6 

Calceolarias,  herbaceous,   splendid  strain     ...    2   6 
CamatlonB  and  Picotees.  From  choicest  naijied 

flowers        per  100,  105:6rf.     1     6 

,,     yellow  varieties        3    6 

Cinerarias.     Large  flowered,  very  tine, 

per  100,  10s.  6d.  1  li 

Hollyhocks.     Choicest  double  o  tj 

Primulas,  Alba  magnifica.  Splendid  pure  white  3  6 
Crimson    King.       Deep  crimson,    magnificent 

colour         ^  t) 

Queen  of  Whites.    Very  fine       3  6 

Purpurea  magnifica.    Superb  variety 3  6 

The  Bride.      New  dark-st«mmed  pure  white, 

splendid     3  6 

Choicest  red,  white,  or  mixed, 

per  100,  105.  Qd.  1  6 

Fern-leaved.    Choice  mixed  „  105. 6d.  1  6 

Primroses.      High  coloured  hybrids,  very  choice 

strain per  100,  10s.  6rf.  1  6 

Polyanthus,  gold-laced.   Fine       „        75. 6d.    1    0 

Primulas,  double,  pure  white.  Splendid  for  furnish- 
ing an  abundance  of  cut  flowers  throughout  the  autumn 
and  winter.  Well-rooted  strong  young  plants,  from 
3-inch  pots,  per  100,  425.;  perdoz.,  6s.;  three  for  l5.  9d. 


DANIELS   BROS., 

TOAVN       CLOSE      NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
BHODODENDBONS  and  HOLLIES. 


\ 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  AVholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KINC4'S    ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 

ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18«.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application, 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


aisofe 


BEGONIASmBioom. 

CARNATIONS  in  Bloom. 

ROSES"!  Bloom. 

Superb  Stocks.     Inspection  invited. 
CATALOGUES  Free. 


QA  AAA  CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,  ^of  all  the 

OV'^VfV'"^'  finest  Double  and  Single'  VflO-ieties  (some 
of  the  flowera  of  which  become  10  inches  acros**.  and  art'  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  wliite  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  IL'.t.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  stron" 
plants  ;  extra  atronji  plants,  repotted  into  S^ir.rh  pots,  -Js.  m. 
each.  De.'icriptive  LIST  on  uppHcatiom^BICHARD  SMITH 
AND  C0.,  Nurterymen  and  Set-d  :;\Ieriiiattta,  Worcester. 


DUTCH  AND  JAPE  BULBS. 

ANT.    ROOZEN   &   SON, 

OVERVEEN,    near    HAARLEM,     HOLLAND. 

Have  pleasure  in  infomiinp  their  numerous  Friends  that 
their  harvest  of  Bulba  is  unu?uallv  tine  this  season,  and  that 
their  CATALOGUE  for  1887.  containing  details  of  their  im- 
mense Collections  of  New,  Rare,  and  Sine  Bulbs  and  Plants 
(86  pages,  in  English^  \s  now  ready,  and  will,  aa.usual,  be  sent 
Post-free, ouapplieationtothem,  or  to  their  General  Agents  for 
Great  Britain, 

MESSRS.    MERTENS   &   CO., 
3,  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London,  E.G. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SFLENIHD  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOQttE.   containing   "Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation."  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including     Descriptive      "List     of     New,    RaBE,    and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.   &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion. Price,  65.  per  bushel  {Is.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  6d.  per 
cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  Is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages ana  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  oursignatureattached, 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurserie.'*.  N. 


NARGISS  AND  ALL  OTHER  BULBS. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  of  our  unequalled 
stock  Post-free  on  application. 

"James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

108  E.VSTGATE  ST.     \ 
•NEWTON'   NUKSEHIEsi  ""'^^'^'^' 


EPPS'S    SELECTED    PEAT 

Is  acknowleilgerl  to  be  the  best  for  all  kinds  of  CHOICE 
PLANTS,  FERNS,  HEATHS.  &c.  ;  and  their 

Specially  Selected  do.  for  Orchids, 

by  innumerableunsoIicitedTestimonials.  Rhododendron  PEAT. 
LEAF-MOULD.  LOAM.  SAND.  SPHAGNUM,  COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE.  CHARCOAL.  &c.,  and  all  kinds  of  Garden  Requisites, 
and  NURSERY  STOCK,    For  Price  List  and  Testimonials. 

EPPS  &  CO.,    BINGWOOD,    HANTS. 

JENSEN'S 

Every  grain  fertilizes  because  the  Guano  is  ptrfectly 
pare.     It  ia  most  economical,  one  part  of  Manure  to 

100  parts  of  soil  being  ample  for  garden  use. 
Write  for  Pamphlet,  Testimonials  and  Instructions. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker's  analysis  puaranie-d.  FISH-POTASH 
contains  Ammonia,  Phosi^hatea  and  Potash  in  large 
proportions,    which    are   the    principal    elements   of 

fertilization. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is. ;   in  Bags,  71bs.,  2s. ;    141bs., 

4s.;  28 lbs.,  6s.  6d.;  56  lbs.,  10s.  6d. :  1  cwt., 

16s.;   2  cwt.,  30s.,  carriage  paid.    Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 
10,  St.  Helen's  Place,  London,  E.G. 


To  OrcUd  Growers. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  GO.,  23,  Leadenh»ll-Street, 
•  London,  an- offering  splendid  PEAT,  in  fact  no  better 
obtainable.  Samples  cart  be  seeo  at  above  address,  or  Jorwarded 
on  application  if  reijuired. 

CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider.  Thrjp.  Mealy 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  dc.  dc. 
PERFECTLY  1   '"  ""■  nands  and  Skin,  but  mil  cure 
uaouirco        Kingworm  in  Animals,  and  all  Di.^oasea 
nAnmLcbb   J  produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  f'omliimtion  uf  ITydrocnrhon  Oils,  made  soluble  in 
Wuti-v,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  Infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  tlie  Eoots  or 
on  the  FnliiKO. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  Is.  6d.  2s.  6d.  .&  ts.6d; 

4  gallon  Vs.  Gd,  1  gallon  123,  6d.  or  less  in  lai-ger  quantities. 

A  Treatise  on  FIB  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale  :  Hooper  &  Co. ;  Corby,  Sopeb,  Fowler  &  Co. : 
C.  E.  OsM.^N  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chants and  "Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses.    NEW 

YORK— ROLKER    &   S0N3. 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 


Throws  a  fine 
spray  20  ft.,  and 
a  jet  30  ft.,  with 
great  force. 

A  splendid 
substitute  for  the 
Syringe  for  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
25s.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
2)urposes,  45s. 
Carriage  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

APHICIDE 


For 
Glass  Houses, 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&  CREAM  COLOR  SHADING 

Convenient,  Inexpensive— Easily  applied  —  Lasts  all  the 

Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  off.    Is.,  post  1/3. 

For  Fixing  Bloom  of  Azaleas,     U  |  ■  ^\U  CTO  V 

&c.,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.         ri  V  Oil  bO 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  great  boon  tf.  Florists  and  all  lovers  of  Flowers.    Driea 
instantly.    Sold  in  bottles,  Is.  &  2s.    Per  post  3d.  extra, 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Preventing-  Vines  Bleeding  after  Pruning-. 
Very  effectual  in  preventing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

wasted.    In  bottles  1/6  and  2/6.    Per  post,  3d.  extra. 
For  Destroying  Beetles,  Cockroaches,    |JI|P|JCC' 
Crickets,  Bugs,  Keas,  Mosquitos,  &c.    nUwiltO 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  effectual  in  Greenhouses, — for  Animals  and  Bed 
Clothing.    Price.  6d.,  Is.  &  2/6.    Per  post  3d.  extra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  °?miSS^* 

VK3T0RIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


1:24 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Jtn-ir  a),  1887. 


RCHIDS, 


CHARLES  PATIN, 

Belgian  Consul, 

MEDELLIN,     ANTIOQUIA, 

REPUBIC  OF  COLOMBIA, 

Bci^/s   to  offer  the  folloiving   Orchids, 
Sfc. :— 


Ariticta  Humboldti 

..     H  irlteri 
Aiigul''^  Cloweai 

, ,    ebumea 

,,    UDiilora 

Batemania  Burti 

„    meleagria 
Bullea  Patini 

„    I^lindei 
Hrassavolasp.,  white 
C.itasetum  discolor 

,.    sp.  white 
Cattleya  aurea  and  gigas 

„    gigas  Sanderiana 

,,    Triaoce 

„    chocoensis 
C/gDOches  chlorochilum 
Cypripedium  caudatum 


C'yrtopodium  9p., yellow  spot- 
ted with  brown  [elmi 

Epidendrum  Frederici  Guili- 
,,    Imperator 


,.    „    scarlet 

.,    Wallisii 

Epistephium  ap., 


Oon^ora  portentosa 

Helcia  sp. 

J  louUetia    odoratissiraa,    var. 

„    chrysantha 
,.    sp.  yellow 
Kefersteniasp.,  white  spotted 

T.Tlia  Patini 

Lycaste  Deppei  punctatissima 
gigantej 


..    planifolia 

,,    platanilla 

..    sp.  nova  of  cold  climate 
Warscewiczella  discolor 
Warrea  Lindeni 


Conditions. — All  these  Plants  are  delivered  free  of  charge  at 
Southampton  or  Liverpool;  from  there buyerd  take  all  responsi- 


Maxillaria  ap.,  white  and  ros* 
Miltonia  Warscewiczii 
Mormodes  8p.,  white  spotted 
Odontoglossuu 

,,    brevifolium 

,,    Alexandrae 

„    liliiflorum 

„    Hallii 

,,    luteo-purpui 


,,    Pescatorei 
„    Patini 
„    Spathaceum 
„     vexillarium 
„    Wallisii 
Oncidium  aureum 

"     ,.     Hensoii 
„     Krameri 

„    serratum 

,,     trepadorsp.  no 

,,    Schlimii 

.,    Weltoni 
Peristeria  elata 
Pescatorea  Dayana 
Pilumna  fragrans 

Sobralia  amoena 
„    virginalis 


,,    leucoxantha 

„     xantholeucft 

Stanhopea  sp.,yellO' 


[brown 
Spotted 

,,     ,,    white,  sweet  smell 
Stenia  fimbriata 
Telipogon,  six  species 
Tricopilia  sp.     See  Pilumna 
Uropedium  Lindeni 
Utricularia  montana 

,,     ccerulea 
Vanilla  angustifolia 

,,    aromatica 


Prices  are  quoted  in  Euglish  sterling,  £1,  equal  to  20  marks 
25  francs,  6  dollars  American,  gold.  Orders  should  be  accom 
Iianied  by  a  remittance  in  the  form  of  drafts,  cheques,  &c  on 
well  accredited  banking  establishments  ;  but  if  satisfactory 
references  be  given,  payment  may  be  made  by  Bills  of  Exchange 
drawn  at  60  days  after  sight ;  smaller  amounts  at  sight 
Orders  under  £20  cannot  be  attended  to. 

To  secure  the  arrival  of  the  Plants  in  good  condition  con 
signments,  if  not  expressly  ordered  otherwise,  will  be  dis- 
patched only  when  the  Plants  are  in  fit  condition  to  travel  the 
months  being  January  to  April,  and  July  to  October. 

I  M.  Ch.  Patin  made  unprotit- 


Note. — Payments  may  be  effected  through 

MESSRS.  ENRIQUE  CORTES  &  CO., 

Limited, 

EASTCHEAP    BUILDINGS, 

EASTCHEAP,      LONDON,     B.C. 


EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS, 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  and  PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS. 


James  Veitch  &  Sons 

BEG  TO   ANNOUNCE  THEY  HATE  RECEIVED  THEIR  USUAL  CONSIGNMENTa  OF 

THE  ABOVE  VALUABLE  BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORGING, 

and  will   be   pleased   to   receive   Orders   for   immediate   delivery. 


ROYAL    EXOTIC    NURSERY,    KING'S    ROAD,    CHELSEA,    LONDON,   S.W. 


DomesticliJafer- Supply 


RIDER'S   Petent  HOT  AIR 

©  Household  Pumping  engine. 


Cost  of     % 


with  pEtent 


aREMOVABLEl 

i  Furnace 


©      Sole  Makers,      i 

%Ha\wardJyler&C°. 


#^^ffl   raising  I 

^g^^i,55#:'  _..  :W\  10  0  0  Gaim© 

I  QO  ft. High  | 


-N^?3-!a 


39  QUEEN  Victoria  st     ONF    PFNNY  ® 

LONDON      EC         IjI'JIlIt-      I      t.lXMI.p> 


e>©(Doeiee'0©@«?>©©€©f5eE©©©E©e©©fe©©c©6'©©e©cc©©€ee©e©©©© 


WINE 


GROWERS 


AGENTS. 


JOHN   C.  HANDS  &  CO., 

Old-established  Wine  and  Spirit  Merchants. 

GOOD      DINNEE      CLAEETS     from     12s.    6d.     per     dozen. 

SOLE    AGENTS    FOR 

GE  VENCEY   CHAMPAGNE  (Sp^ciaUt(^),  30s.  per  dozen. 


99,  GRESHAM  STREET.  LONDON,  E.G. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE  BUILDERS  and  HOT- WATER  ENGINEERS, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses.  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  tonstrmtfd  ou  oi 

perfectioQ  ot  (growing  hou--*es,  ami  fur  pructioul  utility,  ecouomy,  uud  durability  carniut  be  equalled.    We 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  <I'.siened  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  oue  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  3mall'-»t  to  the  largest.     Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Kstimatez  and  Catalogues /ree.     Customers  matted  on  in  any  part  qfthe  Kingdom. 
Our  Maxim  is  and  always  hag  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORE.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


Jdlt  30,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


125 


Carters'  Seeds 


PRESENT  SOWING. 


CABBAGE— Carters'  Early  Heaitwell. 

Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cultiva- 
tion.    Very  distinct.     The  heads  are  extremely  tirm, 
weiching  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  sealed  packets  only — Per  pkt.,  \s.  Sl  6d. ;  per  oz.,  Is.  6d. 

All  post  free. 

CABBAGE— Carters'  Mammoth  Beefheart. 


LEHUCE. 


outside  leaves,  and  does  not  readily 
Summer  Cabbage  known. 
In  seakd  packets — Per  pkt.,  Is.  and  tirf. ;  per  ounce.  Is.  8(/. 

Price,  per  pkt.,  post  free. 

C.\RTER,S'  (ilANT  WHITE  COS  ed.  &.'{  0 

DUNNKTT'S  GI.\NT  WINTER  COS     W.  &  1  0 

HARDY'S  NORTHERN  KING  COS       1  tj 

CARTERS'  LONGSTANBER  CABBAGE  LET- 
TUCE               2s.  6i.  &  1  0 

ALL  THE  YEAR  ROn<'D  CABBAGE  LETTUCE  ...  0  6 


Post  free.    Peroz.  Per  pkt. 


CARTERS'  GOLDEN  GLOBE  TRIPOLI. 

GIANT  ROCCA 

GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI 

E.^RLY  WHTTE  NAPLES 

GIANT  MADEIRA      


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


So-w  Now  for  Early  Flowering  In  Spring. 

ROEMER'S    SUPERB    PRIZE    PANSIES. 
6g°  The  finest  strain  of  Pansies  in  the  world.  ,^ 
CATALOtillE  gratis  and  post-free  on  application. 
FRIEDR.  ROElUiR.  Seed  Grower.  Qucdlinburg,  Germany. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

CHARLES     TURNER'S 
NEW    AND    DESCRIPTIVE    LIST 


DUTCH     BTTLBS     CHEAP. 

FRENCH     BTJLBS     CHEAP. 

ENGLISH     BTJLBS     CHEAP. 

See  our   Wholesale  CATALOG Ui:  of  Bulbs, 
free  on  application, 

1  the  best  varietiesof  HYA 
3,  DAFFODILS,  ERIS,  SN 
•  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  tibroad. 


WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


SUTTON'S  SEEDS 

GENUINE  ONiy  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


FOR  PRESENT  SOWING. 
SUTTON'S  Perfection  CALCEOLARIA. 
SUTTON'S  SUPERB  CINERARIA. 
SUTTON'S  DOUBLE  PRIMULAS. 
SUTTON'S  SINGLE  PRIMULAS. 
SUTTON'S  Fern-Leaved  PRIMULAS. 
SUTTON'S    Improved  Double    German 
"WALLFLOWER. 

Prices  very  moderate.    Particulars  on  application. 


WEBBS'  SEEDS 

FOR  PRESENT  SOWING. 

CABBAGE. 

WEBBS'     EMPEROR     CABBAGE. 

6d.  antl  Is.  per  p.Tcket ;  Is.  6d,  per  ounce. 

From  Mr.  F.  Harrison,  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  the 

Earl  of  Derby.—"  Webbs'  Emperor  Cabbage  was  grown  side 

bij  side  icitk  fottr  other  kindt,  and  was  considered  to  be  the 

best  itfthe  lot.     It  is  a  grand  Cabbage." 

Early  Nonpareil  Cabbage     8d,  per  ounce. 

Enfield  Market  Cabbage       6d 

Early  Ralnham  Cabbage       8d 

Red  Dutch  or  Pickling  Cabbage    ...  8d 


ONION 


Webbs'  Red  Globe  Tripoli 
Large  Flat  Red  Tripoli 

Olant  Rocca 

White  Lisbon 


Per  Ounce. 
Per  Packet,     s.    d. 

...    6d.  1  0 

...     6d.  0  9 

...    6d.  1  0 

0  6 


FREK  11  y  pri.sT  OR  RAIL. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

WORDSLEY,  STOURBRIDGE. 


BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORCING, 
B.S.WILLIAMS' 

Well   Ripened  and   Heavy   Bulbs   of 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  Early  White, 

from  5  to  5j  inches  in  circumference. 

PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS, 

from  6  to  6  iuchea  in  circumference. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS, 

from  5  to  (ij-  inches  in  circumference. 

LILIUM  CANDIDUM,  Pure  White, 

extra  strong. 
EARLY  ORDERS  SOLICITED, 


VICTORU-   AND  PARADISE    NURSERIES, 

UPPER  HOLLOWAY.  LONDON,  N. 


For  Sale. 

AUSTRALIAN  and  NEW    ZEALAND 
FERNS,  remaining  from  Colonial  Exhibition. 
100  DICKSONIA  ANTARCTICA,  fine  plants,  stems  3  to  6  feet. 
20  TODEA  BARBARA,  large  and  handsome. 
CYATHEA    DEALBATA,    C.   SMITHI,    C.    MEDULLARIS, 
TODEA  SUPERBA  and  PELLUCIDA,  and  several  hundreds 
of  smaller  species,  all  in  excellent  condition. 
For  Prices,  apply  to 

Mr.     A.     F,     BARRON, 

ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL     SOCIETY'S     GARDENS, 

CHISWICK,    S.W., 

Where  the  Plants  may  be  ijispected. 


16,000   TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LEADLSG  VARIETIES, 


The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  1 
any  in  the  country.  LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  ( 
application.        p^.^^  ^^  ^^^  ^.^^^^  „„  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN   COWAN),   Limited, 

THE  VINEYARD  and  NUESERIES,  GAKSTON, 

NEAR  LIVEEPOOL. 


T 


Now  ready,  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 
HE    GARDENERS-     CHRONICLE, 

Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.   RICHARDS,    41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


Gardeners'  Chronicle 

FOB 

Ne.rt    Week,   August  6, 

WILL  CONTALN  A 

Report    on    the    Condition    of   Ih-i 
Fruit    Crops, 

in  all  parts  of  the  British  Islands,  1887 
(from  our  own  Correspondents). 


SATURDAY,  JULY  30,   1887. 


OLD  AND  MEMORIAL  TREES. 

A  T  a  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  Engli.sh 
-^^  Arboricultural  Society  held  at  Hexham,  in 
the  spring,  Mr.  Clark,  of  Clark  Bros,  &  Co. ,  Carl  i.sle, 
medallist  of  the  Society,  read  a  carefully  prep.ired 
paper  on  the  remarkable  historical  and  interest- 
ing trees  of  Cumberland  and  district,  which 
was  reported  in  the  He.rham  Courant,  wbi  nee 
we  take  the  following  extracts.  Leaving  the 
subject  of  ancient  trees  and  ancient  plTiitir.', 
the  paper  went  on  to  deal  with  the  modern 
trees  of  Cumberland,  stating  that  l'>!en 
Hall,  the  residence  of  the  late  Sir  Ricb.ird 
Musgrave,  is  famed  for  several  remarkaljle 
trees.  The  finest  are  two  remarkable  speci- 
mens of  Cedrus  Libani,  supposed  to  bo  L'70 
years  old.  The  trees  are  planted  as  a  pair, 
and  have  a  spread  of  105  feet  diameter  with 
great  bu.shy  heads,  and  are  still  quite  healthy 
and  sound.  Brougham  Hall,  the  residence  of  the 
Right  Hon  Lord  Brougham  and  Vaux,  is  re- 
markable for  a  famous  old  avenue  of  Oaks 
and  Walnut,  Originally  it  was  formed  of  two 
rows  of  Oaks,  and  one  of  Walnut,  Only  two 
Walnut  trees  now  remain,  but  the  Oaks  are  still 
nearly  intact,  and  sound  healthy  trees.  This 
avenue  was  planted  as  an  approach  to  the  fine 
old  castle,  and  must  date  from  an  early  period, 
as  they  are  shown  in  full  growth  on  some  very 
old  plans  of  the  castle  and  grounds.  One  Oak 
girths  16  feet  with  at  least  20  feet  of  a  straight 
bole,  and  all  are  about  60  feet  high.  Dalemain, 
the  residence  of  Squire  Hasell,  has  avenue  Oaks 
which  I  consider  one  of  the  sights  of  Cumberland. 
They  are  planted  in  two  distinct  avenues,  the  first 
as  you  approach  the  Hall  from  Penrith,  and  the 
second  by  the  private  road  from  Dacre  Hall 
and  church.  On  either  road  you  may  drive 
through  an  avenue  of  Oaks,  eaoh  avenue  about 
a  mile  long.  Greystoke  Castle,  the  residence 
of  H.  C.  Howard,  Esq.,  is  surrounded  by  fine 
plantations,  which  were  formed  in  1746  by  the 
late  Duke  of  Norfolk,  Owing  to  their  high 
elevation  these  have  not  attained  remarkable 
dimensions,  but  are  decidedly  remarkable  for  the 
great  improvement  they  have  made  iii  the  land- 


126 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JnLT  30,  1887. 


scape  of  the  district  and  their  forest  value.  A 
remarkable  specimen  of  the  Silver  Fir  stands 
near  the  castle,  which  is  97  feet  high,  and 
measures  15|  feet  girth.  It  has  a  fine  tapering 
habit,  and  is" still  a  sound,  healthy  tree.  Lowther 
Castle,  the  residence  of  the  historic  family  o 
Lowther,  is  famed  for  its  arborioultural  gems  of 
antiquity,  as  well  as  for  its  other  gems  in  sculp- 
ture, china,  paintings,  &c.  The  paintings  were 
largely  formed  by  the  first  Baron  Lo\vther  about 
1700,  through  whose  public  spirit  and  taste  they 
now  possess  their  great  interest.  The  Oaks 
of  Lowther  Park  can  safely  be  registered  a 
one  of  the  "  county  lions,"  particularly  those 
which  are  dotted  over  that  portion  of  the 
park  called  the  Elysian  Field,  all  being  noble 
specimens,  and  several  are  supposed  to  be 
1000  years  old.  They  show  their  antiquity  by 
having  hollow  trunks,  but  still  show  good  heads 
of  foliage. 

The  common  Ash,  is  represented  by  two  vener- 
able trees,  now  by  reason  of  their  great  age  hoary 
with  antiquity.  They  are  very  appropriately  called 
Adam  and  Eve,  and  are  supposed  to  be  about 
800  years  old— their  girth  is  22  feet  4  inches,  and 
21  feet  7  inches  respectively.  Edraond  Castle,  the 
residence  of  Reginald  Graham,  Esq.,  has  many  noble 
timber  trees,  prominent  being  the  Cedrus  Libani, 
planted  by  the  late  F.  H.  Graham,  Esq.,  when 
High  Sheriff  of  Cumberland.  Stone  House,  Hayton, 
the  residence  of  General  Sir  John  Ross,  one 
of  the  heroes  of  the  famous  Candahar  march 
has  some  interesting  trees.  One  is  a  fine 
specimen  of  the  evergreen  Oak,  the  finest  that 
I  have  seen  in  the  country.  Brayton  Hall,  the 
residence  of  Sir  Wilfred  Lawson,  Bart.,  possesses  some 
fine  trees.  Three  remarkably  formed  Larch  trees  gi-ow 
on  the  lawn,  and  are  supposed  to  have  been  some 
of  the  original  trees  Avhen  introduced  into  this 
county.  All  are  about  50  feet  high,  with  fine  sound 
boles,  and  beautiful  rough  ribbed  bark.  Eern-leaved 
Beech,  about  63  feet  high  ;  girth,  9  feet  2  inches  ; 
and  192  feet  circumference  of  spread  in  splendid 
foliage  :  it  is  of  a  fine  bushy  pyramidal  form.  This 
is  the  largest  and  best  specimen  in  the  country. 
Corby  Castle,  the  residence  of  P.  J.  C.  Howard, 
Esq.,  is  famous  for  its  romantic  position  and  the 
beautiful  sylvan  views  beside  the  banks  of  the  Eden. 
The  plantations  were  formed  by  Thos.  Howard, 
Esq.,  about  1720,  and  he  formed  them  principally  of 
Scotch  and  Larch.  These  have  attamed  maturity, 
and  the  greater  portion  were  cut  during  the  forma- 
tion of  the  Caledonian  Railway.  The  old  Oak, 
Elm,  and  Sycamore  that  remain  are  evidently 
of  a  much  older  date.  Most  of  the  other  seats 
in  the  county  were  referred  to,  and  then  the 
\vriter  proceeded  to  state  that  Naworth  Castle  the 
residence  of  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  was  famed  in 
history  as  the  home  of  the  border  chief.  "  Belted 
Will,"  who  flourished  about  the  year  1560.  A  fine 
old  specimen  of  the  common  Yew,  sound  and  healthy 
still,  remains  close  to  the  castle,  which  is  mentioned 
in  the  records  of  the  period  of  1560  to  have  been  a 
fully  developed  tree,  and  according  to  which  it  is  safe 
to  presume  that  this  tree  is  at  least  500  years  old. 
That  the  tree  after  so  many  centuries  of  growth  should 
still  be  in  tlie  greatest  health  and  vigour  is  certainly 
remarkable,  and  it  is  probably  the  best  specimen  in 
the  county. 

The  plantations  are  evidently  of  the  same  age 
as  those  at  Corby— about  1720— and  very  few  really 
old  trees  remain.  Near  the  castle  three  common 
Oaks  are  venerable  and  large ;  one  planted  on 
rising  ground  in  the  park  is  still  a  fine  specimen. 
It  is  about  65  feet  high,  and  18  feet  girth.  One  of 
the  greatest  features  of  Naworth  is  the  number 
of  memorial  trees.  Many  distinguished  visitors 
and  members  of  the  Howard  family  have  evidently 
been  requested  by  the  popular  and  respected  heir 
to  the  estate.  George  Howard,  Esq.,  to  perform 
this  interesting  ceremony.  The  following  list  con- 
tains the  whole  number   of  these  very  interesting 


trees,  with  their  average  height  as  taken  in  October, 
1886 ;— 


Planter. 

Date. 

Variety. 

Height. 
Feet. 

Lord  Wenslevdale . . . 

Oct.  — ,  1866 

Sycamore 

25 

Robert  Browning  ... 

Sep.  22,  1869 

Beech* 

6 

H.  L.  Carnegie      ... 

Ditto 

Horse  Chestnut... 

18 

Alfred  Tennyson    ... 

Sep.  12,  1871 

Spanish  Chestnut* 

6 

Alfred  Tennyson   ... 

Ditto 

Lime       

John  E.  Stanley    ... 

Ditto 

Scotch  Fir 

20 

Mary  Stanley 

Ditto 

Spanish  Chestnut 

1.5 

Henrietta       Maria, 
Lady  Stanley,  of 
Alderley 

Sep.  26, 1871 

Ditto 

10 

Princess  Louise     ... 

Aug.  19, 1871 

Common  Oak    ... 

10 

Ditto            

Ditto 

Willow 

12 

Bight  Hon.   W.  E. 
Gladstone 

Aug.  29, 1873 

Sycamore 

25 

Ditto            

Ditto 

Spanish  Chestnutt 

20 

Lady  Taunton 

Sep. 20, 1873 

Lime       

16 

Lady  E.  Grey 

Sep.  — ,  1873 

Spanish  Chestnut 

15 

W.  E.  James,  Esq. 

Ditto 

Walnut 

6 

Chas.     J.     Stanley 
Howard,  Esq.     ... 

Ditto 

Oak          

12 

Mr.  Motley 

Ditto 

Sycamore 

25 

Hon.  Chas.  Howard 

1874 

Spanish  Chestnut 

6 

Robert  Lowe 

Aug.— ,1876 

Beech      

12 

J.  A.  Fronde 

Sep. —.1876 

Spanish  Chestnut 

5 

Sir  W.  Lawson,  Bart. 

:Oct.  19,  1878 

Willow: 

15 

Chas.  Howard 

Oct.  19,  1878 

Lombardy  Poplar 

5 

In  drawing  the  paper  to  a  close  the  writer  said  he 
had  to  introduce  to  their  notice  a  new  Conifer,  which 
would  be  introduced  from  Cumberland  for  the  first 
time  in  this  year  of  Jubilee.  Hexham  Courant. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 

CRINUM  (CODONOCRINUM)    CRASSIPES, 
Baker,  n.  sp.  § 

This  is  a  new  species  with  a  stout  short  peduncle, 
broad  leaves  and  many-flowered  umbel,  allied  to  C. 
Forbesianum  and  C.  leucophyllum.  We  have  re- 
ceived a  specimen  from  Sir  C.  W.  Strickland,  who 
obtained  it  from  Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson.  The 
native  country  is  not  known,  but  no  doubt  it  comes 
from  somewhere  in  tropical  or  sub-tropical  Africa. 
It  first  flowered  in  July,  1887. 

Bulb  very  large,  conical.  Leaves  lorate,  bright 
green,  sub-erect,  4  inches  broad.  Peduncle  com- 
pressed, green,  ^  inch  thick,  under  a  foot  long.  Um- 
bel 15 — 20  flowered;  spathe-valves  broad,  deciduous; 
pedicels  1 — 1  j  inch  long  :  ovules  si.v  to  eight  in  a 
cell,  superposed  ;  tube  little  curved,  green,  3  inches 
long ;  limb  sub-erect,  2k  inches  long ;  segments 
lanceolate,  h  inch  broad,  white  with  a  pink  keel. 
Stamens  r.ather  shorter  than  the  perianth-segments ; 
filaments  claret-purple  npwards ;  anthers  linear, 
J  inch  long.  J.  G.  Baker. 

UfiOINEi    EBIOSPEKMOIDES,    Bakcr,   11.  ,</).  || 

This  is  a  small  Cape  species  of  Urginea,  received 
from  Professor  Macowan,  which  has  just  flowered  at 

*  The  original  has  probably  died. 

t  As  the  above  trees  planted  by  this  distinguished  statesman 
are  singularly  robust  and  healthy,  it  would  be  interesting  to 
know  if  this  is  due  to  the  skill  in  planting  of  the  eminent 
woodman. 

I  This  Willow,  very  appropriately  chosen  by  the  Alliance 
Champion,  has  a  history.  Planted  by  the  side  of  a  running 
brook  (a  very  suitable  situation),  the  cold  water  had  remained 
so  long  over  its  roots  that,  having  "  over  much  cold  water."  it 
died.  However,  another  was  duly  provided,  but  care  waa 
taken  by  drainage  for  specimen  No.  2  not  to  indulge  in  the 
same  propensity. 

§  Crinitin  (Codoaocrinum)  crassipes.  Baker,  n.  sp. — Bulbo 
magno  ovoideo,  foliis  loratis  suberectis  viridibus;  peaunculo 
crasso  brevi  compresso  viridi ;  umbellis  15 — 20-floris,  pedicellis 
elongatis;  ovulisin  loculopluribussuperpositis;  perianthii  tubo 
viridulo  tripollicari  parum  curvato,  segmentis  lanceolatis 
rubro  vittatis  tubo  paulo  brevioribus  ;  genitalibus  segmentis 
paulo  brevioribus. 

II  Urginea  eriospsrrmiie!,B%kM.  n.  sp.— Bulbo  ovoidao ;  foliis 
3  synanthlis  teretibus  flexuosis  nitidis  Bcapo ;  gracili  stricto 


Kew  for  the  first  time.  It  is  most  remarkable  for  its 
glossy  perfectly  cylindrical  leaves.  The  habit  is 
much  dwarfer  and  the  flowers  smaller  than  in  the 
oflicinal  Squill  (Urginea  maritima). 

Bulbs  ovoid,  an  inch  in  diameter.  Leaves  two, 
contemporary  with  the  flowers,  only  one  fully  de- 
veloped, perfectly  cylindrical,  glossy,  flexuose,  one- 
sixth  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  Peduncle  slender,  stifliy 
erect,  a  foot  long.  Raceme  as  long  as  the  peduncle ; 
pedicels  spreading,  lower  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long ; 
bracts  minute,  ovate,  the  lower  distinctly  spurred. 
Perianth  oblong,  one-sixth  of  an  inch  long,  segments 
lanceolate,  whitish,  with  a  broad  brown  keel.  Stamens  ' 
and  pistil  shorter  than  the  perianth.  J.  G.  Baker. 

EpIDENDEUM    KlENASTII,  11.  Sp.* 

This  is  a  very  interesting  plant,  known  to  Consul 
Kienast  ZoUy,  Hirslanden,  Zurich,  for  a  long 
time,  and  finally  flowering  in  the  best  state.  You  may 
compare  the  bulbs  to  those  of  a  small  Epidendrum 
aurantiacum,  as  they  are  thinner  and  shorter.  The 
leaves,  usually  two,  are  cuneate  oblong  acute,  some- 
times even  more  than  an  inch  wide,  at  others  scarcely 
half  an  inch  broad,  6  inches  long,  not  of  a  considerably 
thick  substance.  Tlie  raceme  has  several  flowers,  two- 
thirds  in  extent  of  those  of  Epidendrum  nemorale, 
Lindl.  The  bracts  are  triangular,  rather  short,  equall- 
ing one-fifth  of  the  stalked  ovaries.  Sepals  lanceolate, 
the  median  one  now  dilated  at  the  top,  as  an  exception. 
Petals  much  cuneate  at  the  base,  oblong  acute.  Lip 
tripartite,  side  partitions  cuneate  ligulate,  two-toothed 
outside,  mid-lacinia  cuneate  oblong  acute,  wavy. 
There  is  a  forcipate  two-shanked  callus  at  the  base  of 
the  mid  partition ;  shanks  subulate  acute,  and  five  ele- 
vated lines  run  over  it,  the  mid  one  to  the  top.  Column 
connate,  with  lips  pale  at  the  base,  ascending,  trigon- 
ous, dilatate  both  sides  of  the  fovea.  Sepals  and 
petals  lightest  rose,  with  darker  purple  veins.  Lip 
white,  with  fine  purple  callose  lines  on  the  mid 
partition.  Column  green,  with  a  purple  line  on  each 
side  parallel  to  the  stigmatic  hollow. 

It  is  a  great  pleasure  to  see  such  a  fine  new  thing 
from  Mexico.     It  has  to  be  brought  under  Eucyclium. 

The  plant  was  observed  long  since  by  Consul 
Kienast  Zolly,  and  finally  one  of  his  collectors 
succeeded  in  sending  some  plants,  which  arrived 
alive.  The  species  has  never  been  seen  in  masses. 
One  or  a  few  specimens  may  be  watched,  and  then  you 
may  search  for  more  in  vain  for  a  long  while.  I  feel 
very  pleased  to  name  the  good  novelty  Epidendrum 
Kienastii,  feeling  always  very  grateful  for  the  intro- 
duction of  Papperitzia  Sieboldi,  through  my  excellent 
correspondent.  H.  G.  Bchh.f. 

OdoNTOGLOSSUM     +     CRISTATELLUM,  Bckb.f. 

This  very  interesting  Odontoglossum  appeared  in 
June,  1875,  at  Mr.  W.  Bulls  and  in  September,  1879, 
at  Messrs.  Veitch's.  Now  I  have  a  splendid  inflor- 
escence, kindly  sent  me  by  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence, 
Bart.,  M.P.,  P.R.H.S.  This  has  sepals  and  petals 
of  a  Horse  Chestnut-brown  colour,  with  a  slight 
sulphur  tint  on  the  sepals— more  on  the  petals.  The 
lip  and  the  column  are  sulphui-yellow,  with  brown 
spots.  The  wings  of  the  column  are  entire  and 
spotted  with  brown.  It  might  be  supposed  to  be  a 
hybrid  between  Odontoglossum  cristatum  and  0. 
triumphans.     It   is   an   interesting   fact  that  those 

subpedali :  racemo  laxo  subpedali,  bracteis  parvis  calcaratia ; 
pedicellis  tlore  longioribus ;  perianthii  parvi  albidi  segmentia 
brunneo- vittatis;  genitalibus  inclusis. 

*  Epidendrum  (Eitci/cliitin)  Kienastii,  n.  sp.— Pseudobulbis 
fusitormi-cylindratis  mono  (sen  vulgo  diphyllis) ;  vaginis  in 
bulbis  bene  evolutis  demum  tenuissime  membrauaceis  flaccidis 
punctatis  ;  foliis  cuneato-oblongis  acutis  ;  racemo  plurifloro ; 
distautifloro;  bracteis  triangulis  scuriosis  ovaria  pedicellata 
longe  non  fequantibus;  sepalis  lanceis  acuminatis;  tepalis 
basi  bene  cuneatis  euperne  oblongis  acutis ;  labelio  tripartitos 
unf^ue  brevissimo  columnse  adnato.  partitionibus  lateralibu, 
cuneato-ligulatis  retuso  bidentatis,  partitiouemedianacuneato 
oblonga  acuta  undulata,  callo  forcipato  bicruri  in  basi,  lineis 
quinis  parallelis  elevatis  perdiscum  ;  columna  clavata  trigona 
jnxta  foveam  utrinque  dilatjita,  basi  cum  labelio  cuneata ; 
anthera  vertice  umbonata. — Floresaquose  rosei  nervis  satiwat* 
purpureis.  Labellum  album  lineis  callosis  quinis  per  discum 
purpureis.  Columnte  viridis  marginibus  dilatatis  albis  medio 
longitudinaliter  purpureo  unistriatis.  Anthera  flava  imiboue 
purpureo.  Ex  Mexico  coluit  eic.  Kianast  ZOUy  Hirslando 
Swiscensis.  Jf.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


July  30.  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEB8'     CHBONICLE. 


127 


three  plants,  which  axe  alike  botanically  as  to  the 
curious  nature  of  the  wings  and  crests,  are  all  widely 
distinct  as  to  colour.  Mr.  Ball's  flowers  had  sepia- 
brown  spots  and  scarlet  borders  to  the  keel  teeth, 
and  scarlet  wings  ;  Messrs.  Veitch's  plant  had  nearly 
orange  sepals  and  petals,  and  Horse  Chestnut 
coloured  spots  and  white  keel  teeth.  H.  G.  Bchb.f. 

Oncidhtm  hastatum  (Lindl.)  hemimel^ntjm, 
n.  var. 
This  fine  variety  of  Oncididium  hastatum  Roezlii 
has  not  only  the  typical  bruwnish  mid-lacinia  of  lip, 
but  it  surpasses  it  at  once  by  its  blackish-purple 
sepals  and  petals.  There  are  regularly  light 
whitish-green  tips  to  those  organs,  and  the  petals 
have  now  and  then  a  few  scattered  light  whitish-green 


{Botanical  Register,  t.  1448),  one  of  the  earliest,  if 
not  the  very  first,  of  these  hybrids.  This  appeared 
in  1831,  and  three  years  later  C.  Knypersliensis  was 
figured  in  Sweets  British  Firmer  Garden;  of  this  C. 
crenatiflora  is  recorded  as  one  of  the  parents.* 

The  seventy-fourth  volume  (1848)  comes  next, 
and  it  contains  such  a  large  proportion  of  hand- 
some and  curious  plants,  that  it  is  difficult  to 
make  a  selection  for  special  notice.  Foremost 
amongst  standard  stove  plants  are  AUamanda 
Schottii  and  A.  Aubletii,  Hoya  imperialis  and 
H.  bella.  Napoleona  imperialis,  a  remarkable 
anomalous  tropical  African  tree  belonging  to  a  tribe 
ofMyrtacea?,  characteristic  of  and  almost  peculiar  to 
the  flora  of  South  America,  is  represented  on  plate 
4387. 


Fig.  31. — cleeodendron  thomsonje  vah.  baxfourianttm. 


small  spots.     It  was  kindly  sent  me  by  Herr  Con- 
sul Kienast  Zolly,  Hirslanden,  Zurich.  H.  G.  Rrhh.f. 


"THE    BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE." 

(Continued  from  p.  46.; 
Hbrbaceods  Calceolarias. — I  shall  be  excused, 
perhaps,  for  harking  back  to  plate  3255  (Calceolaria 
crenatiflora)  in  order  to  say  a  word  or  two  respecting 
the  history  of  the  singularly  rich  and  variable  race 
of  hybrid  herbaceous  Calceolarias,  the  beginning  of 
which  dates  back  between  fifty  and  sixty  years. 
The  principal  parents  were  C.  corymbosa  (pi.  2418) 
and  C,  arachnoidea  (pi.  2874),  both  natives  of  South 
America,  as  are  all  the  numerous  species,  except 
two,  peculiar  to  New  Zealand.  Looking  at  the 
figures  of  the  parent  species  one  could  hardly  imagine 
it  possible  that  they  could  have  given  birth  to  such  a 
brilliantly  variable  progeny ;  bat  any  doubt  will 
be  dispelled  on  reference  to  the  figure  of  C.  Toungii 


The  next  volume  contains  Dendrobium  De- 
vonianum  (pi.  4429),  Vanda  tricolor,  one  of  the  most 
majestic  of  Orchids,  and  Sobralia  macrantha 
(pi.  4446),  immediately  followed  by  the  beautiful 
Chilian  Lapageria  rosea,  which  was  first  sent  to  Kew 
in  1847  by  R.  Wheelwright,  an  American  gentleman ; 
and  the  following  year  successfully  imported  by 
Messrs.  Veitch  through  their  collector,  Thomas  Lobb. 
This  year  (1849),  too.  the  most  gorgeous  of  all  the 
Leguminosje,  Amherstia  nobilis,  a  native  of  Burma, 
flowered  for  the  first  time  in  this  country,  and  found 
a  place  in  the  Magazine  (pi.  4453).  Mrs.  Lawrence, 
of  Ealing  Park,  had  the  good  fortune  to  beat  the 
Duke  of  Devonshire  in  the  cultivation  of  this  noble 
plant. 

Passing  over  a  volume  I  note  the  singularly  marked 
Thibaudia  macrantha  (pi.  45(ifi')  from  the  mountains 

*  Persous  'wiahing  for  further  particulars  respecting  the 
liiBtory  of  the  hybrid  herbaceous  Calreolarlaa  may  be  r*ferrad 
to  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  for  1S41 .  p.  844. 


of  Moulmein,  discovered  and  introduced  by  Thomas 
Lobb  for  Messrs.  Veitch.  The  famous  Dragon's- 
blood  tree  is  the  subject  of  plate  4571 ;  and  the  figure 
is  accompanied  by  a  history  of  the  remarkable 
example  at  Orotava,  which  has  since  perished. 
Cantua  buxifolia,  Ixora  javanica,  the  beautiful  West 
Australian  Acacia  hispidissima,  AUamanda  nerii- 
folia,  Cathcartia  villosa,  and  the  valuable  hardy 
Forsythia  viridissima,  and  Berberis  Darwinii  are 
some  of  the  numerous  noteworthy  plants.  The  last- 
named  shrub  was  another  of  the  very  many  and  very 
valuable  plants  introduced  by  William  Lobb  for 
Messrs.  Veitch. 

The  remarkable  Puya  chilensis  (pi.  4715)  calls  to 
mind  the  bold  paintings  of  this  and  the  equally 
handsome  blue  PuyaWhytei  in  the  "North  "  Gallery. 
Bougainvillea  spectabilis  (pi.  4810)  deserves  notice, 
not  so  much  on  account  of  the  beauty  of  the  variety 
figured,  as  to  make  mention  of  this  highly  ornamental 
South  American  genus. 

The  Mammoth  Tree  of  California. — William  Lobb, 
though  not  the  actual  discoverer  of  the  Sequoia 
gigantea  ( Wellingtonia),  was  probably  the  first 
person  having  a  technical  knowledge  of  plants 
who  encountered  it,  and  it  was  he  who  introduced 
it  into  Europe,  having  sent  seeds  to  Messrs.  Veitch 
in  1853.  In  1854  a  figure,  prepared  from  dried 
specimens,  appeared  in  the  Magazine  (pi.  4777 
— 8),  and  now  there  are  trees  in  this  country  not  less 
than  70  feet  high.  This  tree  caused  a  great  sen- 
sation, and  has  been  so  extensively  propagated,  and 
so  much  written  about,  that  few  trees  are  more 
familiar. 

Among  the  dedications  there  is  a  specially  inter- 
esting series  from  1851  to  1854,  beginning  with  Dr. 
Asa  Gray  (who  is  now  again  in  England,  and  still 
very  active,  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  a  great  capacity 
for  work),  and  who  had  been  staying  at  Kew  about 
that  time.  This  is  followed  by  N.  B.  Ward,  the 
inventor  of  closed  glass  cases  for  conveying  plants 
on  long  voyages  by  sea ;  by  Sir  Henry  Barkly,  one 
of  the  most  enthusiastic  and  sympathetic  of  Colonial 
Governors  in  the  cause  of  botany  and  horticulture ; 
ending  with  the  now  venerable  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley, 
whose  labours  are  known  to  all  readers  of  this  journal. 
W.  B.  Hemslei/. 

{To  be  contimted.) 


CLERODENDRON     THOMSON.E 
VAB.  BALFOURIANUM. 

Ovm  illustration  (fig.  31)  gives  a  correct  idea  of 
this  plant  as  usually  seen  at  our  principal  exhibitions. 
Trained  in  this  manner  its  crimson  and  white  blooms 
show  to  advantage,  but  not  better  than  they  do  when 
trained  on  a  trellised  wall,  or  hanging  from  a  rafter  of 
the  stove  in  neglige  fashion.  The  plant,  which  is  a 
seedling  form  of  Balfourianum,  has  smooth  opposite 
leaves  of  dark  green,  and  large  panicles  of  light 
crimson  flowers,  and  white  calyces,  which  are  rather 
larger  than  in  the  parent.  The  plant  will  grow 
well  if  potted  in  a  mixture  of  loam,  peat,  and 
dried  cow  manure,  a  little  sand  being  added  to 
the  compost.  It  enjoys  during  its  growing  season 
a  high  temperature  with  abundance  of  water  and  full 
exposure  to  light,  but  should  not  be  exposed  to  the 
risk  of  getting  the  foliage  disfigured.  About  the 
end  of  August  the  plants  may  be  removed  to  cooler 
quarters,  and  be  carefully  watered  at  intervals  during 
the  cold  months.  In  February  or  early  in  March 
the  plants  may  be  brought  into  bloom  by  placing 
them  in  a  higher  temperature.  The  necessary 
spurring-in  may  be  done  in  early  spring  in  the  case 
of  young  plants,  and  after  the  best  flowering  period 
is  over  in  the  case  of  flowering  specimens.  A  warm 
greenhouse  temperature  is  that  most  suitable  for 
the  plant  during  the  winter,  a  lower  one  causing  too 
great  a  loss  of  foliage. 


Rose  Essence  in   Roumelia.— The  value  of 

''  Rose  essence  " — by  which  it  is  presumed  is  meant 
attar — exported  from  Eastern  Roumelia  during  the 
past  year  is  estimated  at  about  £60,000.  "  Planta- 
tions of  Roses  made  some  years  since  by  the  Mussul- 
man refugees  at  Bourgas  and  elsewhere,  are  said  to 
be  now  supplying  a  proportion  of  the  European 
demand  for  this  article." 


128 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  30,  1887. 


Trees  and  Shrubs. 

SEQUOIA  GIGANTEA. 
The  brauch  with  young  cones  of  the  Wellingtonia 
sent  herewith  it  from  one  of  the  fine  specimens  of 
this  tree  growing  in  the  gardens  at  Poles,  Herts,  the 
seat  of  Edmund  Hanbury,  Esq.  Of  the  fifty  trees  of 
Wellingtonia  growing  in  the  pinetum  at  Poles,  only 
one  is  bearing  cones  this  year,  and  the  cones  are 
clustered  only  on  a  very  few  branches  on  the  north- 
east side  of  the  tree,  which  is  a  remarkably  fine  and 
healthy  young  specimen.  The  girth  of  the  tree  at 
the  ground  measures  \^  feet,  and  at  5  feet  from  the 
ground  8  feet,  with  a  spread  of  branches  23  feet  in 
diameter;  the  height  of  the  tree  is  about  52  feet. 
At  Poles  there  are  also  shown  fine  specimens  of 
young  Cedrus  atlantica,  with  foliage  of  an  unusually 
glaucous  colour  this  year.  The  young  cones  showed 
the  bracts  with  the  long  projecting  spines  at  the 
tip,  which  are  not  visible  in  the  fully  developed 
cones.  J.  R. 

Xanthocebas  sobbifolia. 
There  is  now  in  fruit  in  my  nurseries  here  a  fine 
specimen  of  this  plant.  The  fruit  is  about  the  siie 
of  a  Peach  and  somewhat  similar  in  shape,  and  green 
in  colour  ;  is  it  not  a  rare  occurrence  ?  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  if  any  of  your  readers  have  fruited  the 
I>lant.  Edward.  Morse,  Epsom.  [For  a  figure  of  the 
fruit,  produced  in  Paris,  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1886, 
vol.  xxvi.,  p.  205.   Ed.] 

Ornamental  Barbebries. 
{Continued  from  p.  99.) 

Berbcris  Darwinii. — A  native  of  Chili,  this  beau- 
tiful shrub  was  discovered  by  the  late  Charles  Darwin, 
and  named  in  honour  of  that  gentleman,  and  cer- 
tainly no  finer  or  more  handsome  plant  could  have 
been  chosen  with  which  to  perpetuate  the  name  of 
our  illustrious  countryman.  This  pretty  shrub  is, 
perhaps,  too  well  known  to  require  description  ;  but 
too  n;uch  can  hardly  be  said  in  its  favour,  as, 
whethrr  tor  ornamental  appearance  or  ease  of  cul- 
ture, i!  may  have  some  equals,  but  we  question  much 
if  it  has  superiors.  A  well-balanced,  healthy  speci- 
men, lailen  with  its  racemes  of  orange-yellow  flowers, 
during  the  spring  months  is  a  beautiful  sight. 

Either  of  theabove  Barberriesare  readily  raised  from 
seed,  and  as  these  are  plentifully  produced  young 
plants  need  not  be  wanting  on  any  estate.  In  certain 
soils  we  have  noticed  this  to  be  always  the  case— in 
soils  of  a  peaty  texture  seedlings  are  freely  pro- 
duced under  and  around  old  and  established  speci- 
mens ;  and  if  these  are  taken  carefully  up  and  trans- 
planted in  rows  in  rich,  free  soil,  they  soon  attain 
to  a  couple  of  feet  in  height,  at  which  size  they  are, 
perhaps,  best  suited  for  planting  out  permanently. 
As  hedgerow  plants  these  Barberries  are,  likewise, 
of  great  value,  particularly  B.  Darwinii,  they  soon 
forming  a  neat,  dense,  and  highly  ornamental  fence. 
B.  aristata,  although  not  so  showy  as  either  of  the 
above,  is,  nevertheless,  a  vigorous  growing  and  good 
habited  plant,  and  one  that  is  especially  worthy  of 
recommendation,  from  the  fact  of  its  flowering  late 
in  the  seixson— usually  during  May  and  June.  The 
leaves  are  deeply  serrated,  and  almost  persistent, 
and  the  plant  is  furnished  with  strong  thorns. 
Flowers  of  a  pleasant  yellow  colour,  pendulous,  and 
produced  in  great  abundance.  For  the  shrubbery 
this  is  an  excellent  plant,  and  one  that  is  well  able 
to  take  care  of  itself,  it  being  of  stout,  free  gi-owth, 
not  at  all  liable  to  be  cut  by  frost,  and  easily 
accommodated  both  as  regards  soil  and  situation. 

B.  empetrifolia  is  a  dwarf  evergreen  species,  about 
a  couple  of  feet  in  height,  and  not  so  remarkable  for 
the  beauty  of  its  flowers,  although  these  we  must  not 
pass  unnoticed,  as  for  its  neat  habit  and  perfect  hardi- 
hood. For  this  latter  reason  it  may  be  planted  with- 
out fear  of  harm  in  even  the  coldest  portions  of  our 
island  and  where  fully  exposed  to  strong  blowing 
winds.  It  is  by  no  means  fastidious  as  to  the  quality 
of  soil  in  which  it  is  planted,  indeed,  except  in  stiff 
clay  or  pure  sand,  we  have  found  it  to  succeed  in  that 
of  poor  qu.^lity  if  it  is  relieved  of  superabundant 
moisture,     The   flowers  aje   yellow,   and    produced 


occasionally  both  in  spring  and  autumn,  more 
especially  during  mild  seasons.  Its  neat  habit  of 
growth  and  distinct  foliage  qualifiy  it  for  being 
planted  even  in  prominent  positions  in  the  garden  or 
on  the  lawn, 

B.  Wallichiana. — Here  we  have  a  distinct  and  de- 
sirable shrub  with  glossy  evergreen  foliage  and  bright 
yellow  flowers.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Himalayas, 
where  it  was  discovered  by  Wallich,  but  cannot  be 
wholly  depended  upon  to  withstand  our  most  severe 
frosts,  although  in  most  districts  it  remains  un- 
harmed. 

B.  Bealii  is  a  very  distinct  species,  with  erect  un- 
branched  stems,  yellowish-green  foliage,  and  terminal 
clusters  of  bright  yellow  and  highly  fragrant  flowers. 
As  a  single  specimen  for  planting  on  the  grass  it  is 
much  in  request,  and,  being  perfectly  hardy,  very 
floriferous,  and  with  large  showy  foliage,  it  is  cer- 
tainly about  as  ornamental  an  evergreen  shrub  as 
one  could  wish  for.  In  well  developed  specimens 
the  leaves  often  measure  fully  12  inches  in  length, 
and  are  then  highly  ornamental,  but  as  they 
are  usually  only  produced  near  the  tips  of  the  stems, 
the  plant  wears  a  somewhat  lanky  and  naked  appear- 
ance. Rather  stiff'  rich  loam,  not  too  dry  but  a  some- 
what sheltered  situation  and  abundance  of  sunshine 
seem  to  suit  this  Japanese  plant  to  perfection,  at 
least  under  these  conditions  we  have  got  it  to  do 
best.  A.  D.  W. 

( To  be  continued.) 


OUR    NATIVE    FERNS    AND 
THEIR  VARIETIES. 

(Continued  from  p.  7i.) 
2.  Febn  Hunting. — The  majority  of  the  most 
striking  varieties,  either  curious  or  beautiful,  having 
been  found  growing  wild,  and  the  number  of  these 
being  by  no  means  small,  it  is  manifest  that  an 
additional  zest  is  given  to  the  quest  for  Ferns,  which 
is  usually  confined  to  a  search  for  species  only,  if 
this  fact  be  remembered,  and  additional  care  be 
bestowed  upon  the  examination  of  the  plants.  The 
discovery,  after  long  search,  of  a  rare  species  in  a 
new  locality  is  very  gratifying,  but  does  not  add 
anything  more  than  a  new  name  to  the  catalogue  of 
the  local  flora,  but  the  discovery  of  a  new  and  unique 
form,  possibly  of  great  beauty,  possibly  only  curious, 
adds  something  new  to  the  flora  of  the  world.  This 
possibility  is  in  the  power  of  every  Fern  lover  who 
cares,  in  the  first  place,  to  familiarise  himself  with 
the  aspect  of  the  normal  forms,  so  that  he  can 
recognise  them  at  a  glance,  and  then  to  educate  his 
eye  by  constant  careful  examination  of  the  plants 
which  come  in  his  way,  so  that  should  there  be  any 
abnormality  in  the  fronds  over  which  his  eye  travels, 
he  may  at  once  detect  it. 

It  often — nay,  generally — happens  that  a  new  dis- 
covery is  only  betrayed  by  the  merest  tip  of  a  frond 
peeping  through  a  mass  of  common  ones,  though,  on 
the  other  hand,  some  of  the  grandest  finds  have  been 
found  standing  out  as  conspicuously  as  possible  even 
in  much  frequented  places.  It  is,  indeed,  astonishing 
what  blindness  in  this  respect  exists  among  the 
rural  classes,  and  especially  in  the  ferniest  dis- 
tricts; many  of  the  country  folks,  it  will  be  found  on 
inquiry,  are  hardly  aware  there  is  more  than  one 
species,  and  the  hunter  is  frequently  directed  to  a 
fine  hunting-ground,  only  to  find  a  heath  covered 
with  Bracken.  Be  it,  however,  remarked,  Apropos  of 
the  Bracken  (Pteris  aquilina)  that  this  is  by  no 
means  to  be  despised  by  a  beginner,  since  nearly 
every  common  where  it  grows  freely  will  yield  marked 
variations  of  form,  frequently  very  distinct  indeed. 
There  is,  however,  one  drawback  to  the  pleasure  of 
hunting  the  Bracken,  since,  should  the  ardent  student 
find  something  really  good,  he  will  probably  have  to 
content  himself  with  a  frond  only,  as  it  rarely  sur- 
vives removal,  except  in  winter,  when  dormant,  and, 
indeed,  it  usually  defies  all  effort  to  get  a  root,  the  root 
proper  burrowing  several  feet  deep  in  the  ground. 

This  difficulty  of  acquisition  is  also  experienced  in 
other  ways,  and  the  hunter's  powers  of  contrivance 
are  sometimes  put  to  very  severe  tests.  A  good 
thing,  for  instance,  may  be  detected  on  the  top  of  a 
high  wall,  or  on  the  face  of  an  inaccessible  cliff. 
More  tantalising  yet,  it  may  be  well  within  reach. 


and  yet  so  firmly  anchored  in  some  deep  chink  in  a 
rock  or  wall  as  to  need  blasting  powder  to  get  it  out 
It  is  recorded  of  one  of  the  finest  forms  of  Poly- 
podium  (Polypodium  vulgare)  that  the  finder  de- 
tected it  in  a  very  small  state  in  a  chink  of  a  granite 
rock,  whence  it  could  not  be  removed ;  the  rock 
weighed  some  hundredweights,  but  fortunately  was 
loose.  The  finder  rolled  the  rock  some  miles  across 
country,  got  it  home,  and  eventually  induced  the 
plant,  which  has  a  creeping  root,  to  grow  out  of  the 
chink,  and  permit  itself  to  be  multiplied.  That 
form  is  now  in  every  good  collection. 

The  possibility  of  lighting  upon  varieties  seems  to 
be  general  wherever  the  normal  forms  grow  plenti- 
fully ;  but  there  are  localities  which  seem  subject  to 
some  subtle  influence  under  which  the  chances  of  a 
find  are  greatly  increased.  North  Devon  appears  to 
be  thus  specially  favoured.  I  am,  however,  rather  of 
opinion  that  much  of  this  subtle  influence  may  be 
traced  to  the  residence  near  the  places  affected  of 
enthusiastic  and  careful  Fern  hunters,  who.  by  sub- 
jecting the  district  to  more  thorough  scrutiny, 
increase  thereby  greatly  the  list  of  local  discoveries, 
while  other  districts  less  famed  in  this  respect  are 
reputed  comparatively  barren.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  is  no  doubt  that  one  may  hunt  a  district  for 
miles  as  carefully  as  possible  without  finding  any 
sport  whatever,  and  then  suddenly  hit  upon  a  spot 
where  eccentricity  is  the  rule  rather  than  the 
exception. 

One  of  the  first  experiences  of  the  beginner  is  the 
discovery  of  what  are  termed  "  rogues,"  that  is,  Ferns 
which  are  inconstantly  and  irregularly  eccentric  and 
throw  up  a  few  forked  and  even  crested  fronds 
amongst  a  predominance  of  normal  ones.  Nearly 
everywhere  where  the  common  male  Fern  (Lastrea 
filix  mas),  grows  in  profusion,  a  number  of  these 
"  rogues  "  will  be  found,  raising  hopes  only  to  dis- 
appoint them.  To  such  an  extent  indeed  does  this 
occur  in  some  localities,  and  so  well  do  these  rogues 
ape  the  appearance  of  constant  varieties,  that  even 
the  best  men  are  sometimes  deceived.  This  in- 
constancy sometimes  assumes  other  forms,  and,  in  fact, 
the  Fern  hunter  must  alw.ays  be  prepared  to  carry 
home  a  good  percentage  of  worthless  plants,  since  it 
is  not  always  possible  to  discriminate  with  sufficient 
certainty  to  reject  with  safety. 

The  common  Bracken,  too,  has  a  way  of  imitating 
nearly  all  the  other  species,  popping  forked  tips 
through  the  hedges  and  beguiling  the  passer-by  with 
false  e.xpectations. 

All  these  disappointments  and  difficulties,  how- 
ever, add  zest  to  a  day's  walk  and  are  far  more  than 
repaid  by  the  thrill  of  pleasure  which  accompanies  the 
discovery  of  an  undoubtedly  good  thing,  and  the 
first  contemplation  of  a  form  of  Nature's  handiwork 
which  now  for  the  first  time  gladdens  the  eye  of 
man.  This  point  once  attained  the  beginner  becomes 
the  enthusiast,  and  will  henceforth  pursue  his 
researches  with  a  different  spirit  and  with  greater 
gusto,  since  it  is  difficult,  until  one  such  experience 
has  been  made,  to  believe  that  such  a  reward  can 
really  be  reaped.  It  need  not  be  imagined  that  very 
unfrequented  places  must  be  visited,  though  of  course 
there  is  the  better  chance.  Most  of  the  writer's 
finds,  however,  have  been  espied  by  him  by  the  high- 
road side,  either  in  the  hedges  or  in  the  stone  dykes. 
Seedlings,  especially  in  such  localities,  may  yield  a 
prize,  since  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  Nature  is 
always  at  work,  and  that  this  year's  crop  is  as  likely 
to  afford  varieties  as  that  of  any  previous  year. 
Hence,  where  there  are  plenty  of  plants,  there  is 
always  a  chance  for  the  eye  that  is  keen  enough,  and 
the  experience  which  is  ripe  enough  to  enable  it  to 
appreciate  what  it  sees. 

As  a  rule  the  abnormal  forms  are  found  singly, 
the  most  careful  search  for  similar  forms  in  the 
same  locality  leading  but  to  negative  results.  This 
is  rendered  the  more  remarkable  by  the  fact  that 
the  specimens  are  as  often  as  not  well-estab- 
lished fertile  plants  which  have  probably  scattered 
their  millions  upon  millions  of  spores  about 
the  neighbourhood  for  years,  which  spores,  under 
cultivation,  yield  plants  all  true  to  the  parent  type. 
In  the  case  of  very  heavily  crested  forms,  this  may 


July  30,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


129 


be  accounted  for  by  the  greater  size  and  vigour  of  the 
normal  forms,  which  cause  the  young  seedlings, 
should  they  appear,  to  be  overgrown  and  crowded  out 
of  existence ;  hence,  the  interstices  of  stone  dykes,  and 
walls,  and  similar  places,  are  more  likely  to  reward 
the  searcher  than  places  where  the  plants  can  grow 
with  greater  freedom.  On  the  other  hand,  it  occa- 
sionally happens  that  an  abnormal  form  will  be 
found  to  have  established  itself  in  great  numbers, 
even  to  the  exclusion  of  the  normal.  Instances  are 
also  on  record  where  a  whole  laneful  of  crested  forms 
has  been  found.  Thei-e  is  an  entire  hillside  in  Lan- 
cashire covered  by  a  most  extraordinary'  form  of 
Bracken,  so  heavily  crested,  that  the  discoverer  in- 
tormed  me  the  plant  looked  like  bunches  of 
Grapes  hanging  down  the  slope.  Abnormal  forms 
of  Hart's-tongue  have  also  been  found  occupying  a 
large  area,  to  which,  however,  they  were  confined. 
Considering  the  absolutely  microscopic  size  of  the 
spores  of  Ferns,  the  incredible  numbers  which  are 
thrown  off  year  after  year,  and  the  facility  with 
which  they  can  be  transported  by  the  wind,  and  by 
other  means,  this  isolation  or  confinement  to  special 
localities  is  very  remarkable.  It  can  hardly  be 
imputed  to  subtle  local  influences  in  the  soil,  as 
under  cultivation  the  spores  generally  germinate 
with  the  usual  treatment,  and  the  plants  retain  their 
peculiarities  when  transplanted. 

The  entire  absence  of  some  species  in  many 
localities  and  spots  which  seem  exactly  fitted  for 
them  is  another  peculiar  feature.  The  common 
Ilart's-tongue,  for  instance,  is  a  comparatively  rare 
plant  in  Scotland,  although  one  would  expect  to 
find  it  in  profusion  in  the  innumerable  glens  which 
abound  there,  and  whicii  seem  the  very  beau  ideal  of 
a  habitat  for  it.  Yet  this  I'ern  is  one  of  the  least 
dainty  in  its  requirements,  seeming  to  have  no  anti- 
pathy in  the  matter  of  soil  or  position,  and  in  many 
localities  thriving  in  abundamce  under  the  most 
■diverse  conditions  either  in  a  small  state  on  dry 
exposed  walls,  or  throwing  up  huge  fronds  in  the 
shady  woods  where  it  can  revel  in  abundance  of 
leaf-mould  and  moisture.  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  the  greater  or  less  predominance  of  certain 
forms  of  minute  insect  life  may  account  for  these 
peculiarities  of  habitat.  Just  as  we  find  in  our 
gardens  that  certain  vermin  attack  and  destroy  cer- 
tain plants,  so  it  is  only  reasonable  to  assume  that 
either  the  spores  or  the  protlialli  of  these  Ferns  are 
the  favourite  food  of  some  of  the  minuter  insects,  in 
order  to  explain  the  absence  of  adult  plants.  Climatal 
conditions  are  of  course  a  potent  factor,  but  do  not 
account  for  all  the  phenomena  observed.  Some 
exotic  Ferns  it  is  quite  impossible  to  grow  unless 
isolated,  slugs  or  snails  being  attracted  from  a  con- 
siderable distance,  presumably  by  some  odour ; 
Camptosorus  rhizophyllus  (au  exotic  Hart's-tongue) 
suffers  thus.  Other  plants  are  specially  subject  to 
the  attacks  of  woodlice,  and  as  doubtless  such 
special  appetites  characterise  also  the  minuter  and 
microscopic  insect  world,  and  as  it  is  manifest,  when 
we  consider  the  myriads  of  spores  which  are  shed  in 
■vain,  that  these  must  become  mainly  the  food  of 
such  tiny  creatures,  we  need  hardly  seek  further  for 
a  solution  of  the  mystery.  A  harder  or  softer 
.envelope  to  the  spore,  or  a  more  or  less  attractive 
flavour  in  the  plant  itself,  would  determine  for  or 
against  its  survival  in  the  struggle  for  existence. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  remarks  that 
•the  Fern-hunter  has  a  wide  field  opened  to  him  for 
general  observation  in  connection  with  his  search  for 
Ferns,  and  he  will  find  it  immensely  to  his  advantage 
to  take  special  note  of  the  conditions  under  which 
ihis  finds  are  discovered.  By  so  doing  he  arrives  at  a 
practical  knowledge  of  their  requirements  which  will 
aid  him  materially  in  his  attempts  at  cultivation. 
He  will  soon  find  out,  for  instance,  that  a  sudden 
change  in  the  geological  conditions  may  present  an 
altogether  difi'erent  set  of  Ferns  for  his  inspection,  a 
few  yards  making  all  the  difference  between  profu- 
sion and  utter  absence  of  certain  species.  He  will 
also  find  that  some  species  are  never  found  on  lime- 
stone, others  only  on  that  formation.  Claylands  are 
usually   poor  in    results;    some  Ferns   only  affect 


boggy  spots,  some  demand  perfect  drainage,  and 
never  grow  upon  the  soil  itself.  Others  are  never 
found  below  a  certain  level  on  the  mountains  ;  others, 
such  as  the  Bracken,  cease  to  be  seen  at  a  certain 
height,  and  so  on.  Indeed,  as  in  all'  other  natural 
pureuits,  it  will  be  found  that  every  fact  is  but  a 
link  in  a  chain,  and  that  Fern-hunting  may  be  made 
the  nucleus  of  endless  study  and  endless  enjoyment 
of  the  results  achieved. 

One  advantage  possessed  by  Ferns  is  their  strong 
vitality  which  enables  them  to  survive  knocking 
about  for  several  weeks  if  their  roots  be  only  ^vrappe(l 
up  in  moss  when  found,  and  not  permitted 
to  get  dry.  If  they,  then,  be  packed  close 
together  in  an  open  box  and  kept  in  the  shade, 
a  collection  may  be  added  to  for  a  week 
or  two  in  full  security  that  at  the  conclusion 
of  the  holiday  the  hunter  may  reckon  upon  their 
survival  when  duly  planted  and  installed  in  their  new 
home.  As  I  have  indicated  above,  he  must  then  be 
prepared  for  some  disappointment  when  they  deve- 
lope,  as  a  good  percentage  are  tolerably  sure  to  turn 
out  normal,  the  presumed  sport  being  due  to  acci- 
dental injuries  or  temporary  eccentricity.  Here  and 
there,  however,  if  he  be  ordinarily  fortunate,  he  will 
enjoy  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  new  fronds  slowly 
rise  and  develope  the  hoped-for  beauties,  a  pleasure 
which  will  reward  him  amply  for  all  the  labour  their 
discovery  has  involved,  and  which,  if  he  be  a  begin- 
ner, will  infallibly  result  in  making  him  thenceforth 
a  confirmed  .and  enthusiastic  Fern-hunter.  Charles  T. 
Druery,F.L.S. 

CTo  be  coiitiiiited.) 


MAIZE, 


AND    FRUITS 

NESSEE. 


IN    TEN- 


The  following  notes  on  the  uses  of  ilaize  (Zea 
Mays)  in  America,  are  contained  in  a  report  on  the 
trade  of  Tennessee  for  the  year  1886.  The  report 
says : — 

It  may  perhaps  surprise  Europeans  that  such  vast 
quantities  of  Indian  corn  are  produced  in  the 
"Western  States  of  America ;  but  when  they  become 
aware  of  the  numerous  uses  to  which  Indian  corn, 
or  Maize,  is  put,  they  will  probably  be  astonished 
that  in  the  South  of  Europe,  where  so  much  corn  is 
produced,  the  people  have  never  yet  discovered  how 
many  nutritious  articles  of  food  it  does  afford.  In 
the  first  place  it  is  the  most  certain  crop,  requires 
the  least  amount  of  labour  in  its  culture,  and  comes 
to  maturity  in  the  shortest  time.  The  pith  of  the 
matured  stalk  of  the  corn  is  esculent  and  nutritious, 
and  the  stalk  itself,  compressed  between  rollers,  fur- 
nishes what  is  known  as  "  corn-stalk  molasses." 
This  gi'ain  requires  also  the  least  care  and  trouble  in 
preserving.  The  machinery  for  converting  it  into 
food  is  also  exceedingly  simple  and  cheap.  As  soon 
as  the  ear  is  fully  formed  it  may  be  roasted  or 
boiled,  and  forms  thus  an  excellent  and  nourishing 
diet.  At  a  later  period  it  may  be  gi'ated,  and  fur- 
nishes in  this  form  the  sweetest  bread.  The  grain 
boiled  in  a  variety  of  modes,  either  whole,  or  broken 
in  a  mortar,  or  roasted  in  the  ashes,  is  much  relished. 

If  the  grain  is  to  be  converted  into  meal,  a  simple 
tub  will  answer  the  pm'pose  best,  as  the  meal  least 
perfectly  ground  is  always  preferred.  A  bolting 
cloth  is  not  needed,  as  it  diminishes  the  sweetness 
and  value  of  the  flour.  Boiled  in  water  it  forms  the 
dish  called  "  hominy,"  eaten  with  milk,  honey,  mo- 
lasses, butter,  or  gravy.  Jlixed  with  cold  water,  it 
is  at  once  ready  for  the  cook ;  covered  with  hot 
ashes,  the  preparation  is  called  "  ash  cake ;"  placed 
upon  a  piece  of  board,  and  set  near  the  coals,  it 
forms  the  "  Johnny  cake  ; '  or  managed  in  the  same 
way  upon  a  helveless  hoe,  it  forms  the  "hoe  cake;" 
put  into  an  oven,  and  covered  over  with  a  heated 
lid,  it  is  called,  in  a  large  mass,  a  '  pone,"  or  loaf. 
It  has  the  further  advantage  over  all  other  flours 
that  it  requires  in  its  preparation  so  few  culinary 
utensils,  and  neither  sugar,  yeast,  eggs,  spices,  soda, 
potash,  &c.,  to  qualify  or  perfect  the  bread.  To  all 
this  it  m.ay  be  added  that  it  is  not  only  clieap  and 


well  tasted,  but  it  is  unquestionably  the  most  whole- 
some and  nutritious  food.  Some  of  the  largest  and 
healthiest  people  in  the  world  have  lived  upon  it 
exclusively  ! 

On  the  subject  of  fruit,  vegetable,  and  Tobacco 
culture,  it  is  stated  that  considerable  attention  has 
been  given  in  recent  years  throughout  the  State  to 
the  cultivation  for  shipment  of  such  fruits  as  the 
Strawberry,  Raspberry,  Grape,  Blackberry,  Apple, 
Pear,  Plum,  Peach,  &c.,  all  of  which  come  to  great 
perfection,  and  several  million  dollars'  worth  are 
exported  every  year  to  markets  outside  the  State. 
The  Tobacco  crop  of  Tennessee  is  annually  in- 
creasing, and  is  almost  wholly  shipped  out  of  the 
State  for  consumption,  90  per  cent,  of  it  going  to 
Europe,  the  remaining  10  per  cent,  being  consumed 
in  the  State. 


Orchid   Notes  and   Gleanings. 


■\VILTON  HOUSE,  SOUTHAMPTON, 
A  PRETTY  villa  garden  about  2  miles  out  from 
thf  town  of  Southampton,  belonging  to  H,  J.  Buchan, 
Esq.,  and  easily  reached  from  the  town  by  tram- 
way. The  collection  of  Orcliids  here  is  very  exten- 
sive, and  show  signs  of  good  culture.  Many  of  them 
are  now  beautifully  in  bloom.  Several  houses  are 
filled  with  good  specimen  plants.  Of  Cattleyas  in 
flower  I  noticed  very  fine  C.  Dowiana,  C.  Gaskel- 
liana,  C.  Eldorado,  C.  gigas,  C.  Aclandia;,  and  C. 
Sanderiana  —  this  last  a  very  fine  variety,  of  a 
beautiful  colour. 

The  Odontoglossuni-house,  60  feet  by  12  feet,  was 
full  of  fine  plants,  many  of  which  were  in  bloom, 
viz.,  0.  Alexandra;,  O.  Pescatorei,  O.  Uro-Skinneri, 
0.  cordatum,  and  others.  Of  Oncidiums  were 
noticed  0.  Lanceanum,  with  twenty-three  flowers ; 
O.  Wiltoni,  and  O.  Iti'ameri.  There  were  some 
fine  pieces  of  Masdevallia  Harryana,  bull's  blood 
variety,  M.  rosea,  and  M.  Schlimii,  in  flower.  Epi- 
dendrum  Wallisii  was  in  full  bloom,  the  flowers  fine 
scarlet.  Dendrobium  superbiens  had  two  fine  spikes 
of  flowers.  The  plants  observed  of  Phahtnopsis, 
various  species,  were  good,  as  also  Pescatorea  cerina 
and  Chysis  Ijevis. 

A  fine  selection  of  Cyi^ripediums  were  found  in  fine 
health.  Mr.  Osborn,  the  gardener,  has  raised  many 
seedling  hybrid  Orchids,  and  possesses  a  fine  lot  of 
young  seedling  plants,  amongst  them  being  Cypri- 
pediums,  some  of  which  are  just  showing  flower 
for  the  first  time.  Mr.  Osbona  has  raised  six 
seedlings  of  Odontoglossum  Uro-Skinneri,  which 
he  informed  me  are  the  first  seedling  Odonto- 
glossums  that  have  been  raised  in  this  country; 
they  had  from  five  to  six  leaves  each.  The 
parents  of  these  were  self  fertilised,  the  result- 
ing seed  falling  on  the  moss  under  the  plant.  He 
said  that  he  always  sowed  the  seeds  of  Orchids  on 
the  moss  at  the  top  of  the  pots  of  old  established 
Orchids,  and  allowed  the  pod  of  seed  on  the  plant  to  let 
fall  its  contents  on  the  pot.  By  this  method  of  pro- 
cedure he  succeeded  much  better  than  when  the  seed 
was  sown  on  prepared  moss  of  new  material.  Some  of 
these  seedlings  have  come  up  on  the  old  wood  of 
slielves,  and  other  seedlings  were  stated  to  liave  come 
up  through  two  inches  of  peat  and  moss,  thereby  show- 
ing that,  although  the  seeds  are  very  small  things, 
they  have  the  power  to  force  their  way  through  a 
o-reat  thickness  of  overlying  material,  and  that  to 
raise  Orchids  from  seed  is  not  so  much  trouble  as  is 
generally  supposed  if  the  seed  is  good.  Mr.  Osborn's 
plants  have  taken  from  four  to  five  years  to  reach  the 
blooming  stage.  Jlr.  H.  J.  Buchan  is  always  adding 
to  his  already  fine  collection  any  well  marked  and 
choice  varieties,  and  is  eveiy  year  building  new 
houses  to  hold  them.  W.  S.,  July  23, 

CvPIilPEDIUM   ArTHUEIAN'DM  X  . 

The  last  number  of  the  Occlddophik  contains  a 
coloured  figure  of  this  hybrid,  raised  in  Messrs. 
Veitch's  establishment  between  C.  insigne  and  C. 
Fairrieanum.    The  dorsal  sepal  is  broad,  green,  edged 


130 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[JoLY  30,  1887. 


with  white  and  spotted  with  purple,  the  petals  de- 
flexed,  with  longitudinal  purple  stripes,  and  an  olive- 
brown  lip. 


and  the  stokers,  and  such  privileged  people  as  we 


THE     CONSERVATORY     AT 

HENDRE,   MONMOUTH. 

The  architecture  of  this  recently  erected  conser- 
vatory (tig.  3i!)  agrees  externally  with  that  of  the  man- 
sion, and  the  roof  inside  with  the  org.an  hall,  which  it 
adjoins,  and  with  wliich  it  communicates  by  means 
of  large  glass  doors.  Tlie  materials  used  in  build- 
ing are  Bath-stone  and  brick,  the  rafters  being  of 
wood ;  tlie  glass  is  that  known  as  26-oz.,  and 
iron  columns  are  employed  to  support  the  roof. 
The  proportions  of  the  building  are  62  feet  at  the 
widest  part,  by  55  feet,  the  height  of  the  loftiest  span 
being  34  feet.  A  stone  arcade  supports  the  inner 
parts  of  the  parallel  spans,  and  this  is  furnished  with 
wire  trellises  for  the  convenience  of  training  climbers, 
as  are  likewise  the  iron  columns  and  tlie  rafters. 
The  floor  is  on  two  levels,  tiiat  part  at  the  back  of 
the  arcade  being  2  feet  below  the  front,  which  adds 
materially  to  the  internal  appearance.  The  paths, 
which  are  of  good  breadtli,  are  paved  with  Portland 
stone,  the  same  kind  of  stone  being  used  for  the 
kerbs  of  the  beds  and  borders.  The  east  side,  which 
is  also  the  back  of  the  structure,  is  formed  of  stone 
and  brickwork,  and  is  pierced  witli  a  large  bow- 
window,  and  has  for  two-thirds  of  its  length  a  gro- 
tesque arrangement  of  rockwork,  furnished  with  tiny 
waterfalls,  with  a  water  basin  beneatli.  There  is 
likewise  a  very  pretty  fountain  on  the  higher  level 
of  the  house,  the  basin  of  which  is  warmed  by  means 
of  hot-water  pipes,  so  that  stove  aquatics  may  be 
grown  in  it.  A  rain-water  tank  is  conveniently 
placed  under  the  floor. 


KEW  NOTES. 


Odoriferous  Aroids. — The  powerful  and  exceed- 
ingly disagreeable  odours  which  rise  from,  the  flowers 
of  many  terrestrial  Aroids  render  the  plants  unsuit- 
able for  cultivation  in  houses.  At  Kew,  however, 
thef  are  grown  in  spite  of  this  drawback,  and  some 
of  them  have  recently  been  in  flower.  Perhaps  the 
most  offensive  of  all  is  Amorphophallus  bulbifer. 
It  has  an  erect  stalk  1  foot  long,  spadix  erect, 
Epathe  erect,  boat-shaped,  and  hooded  over  the 
spadix.  It  is  large  enough,  and  prettily  enough 
marked,  to  be  attractive — but  the  smell !  Those 
good  persons  who  believe  that  flowers  exist  only 
for  man's  enjoyment  ought  to  have  this  plant 
within  50  yards  of  them  for  ten  minutes,  and 
if  it  did  not  convince  them  that  Nature  has  other 
irons  in  the  fire  besides  man's  enjoyment,  then  they 
must  certainly  be  blessed  in  having  lost  one  of  their 
five  senses. 

Night-flowering  Cacti. 
The  riches  of  Kew  are  not  all  known  evon  to  the 
most  constant  of  visitors  to  these  gardens,  some  of  the 
most  beautiful  of  the  flowers  there  expanding  only 
-during  the  night,  and  closing  early  the  next  morning. 
Some  of  the  Nymphaeas  have  this  unfortunate  habit — 
at  least  the  Lotus  set  have,  and  so,  too,  have  the  night- 
flowering  Cacti.  We  were  privileged  to  see  a  most 
.charming  display  of  the  beautiful  flowers  of  these 
plants  a  few  evenings  ago — Cereus  triangularis,  with 
llowers  a  foot  across,  like  an  immense  cup  of  purest 
white,  fringed  with  the  long  pale  green  sepals ;  C. 
nycticalis,  almost  as  large,  but  with  sepals  coloured 
brown  and  yellow  ;  C.  Lemairii,  distinguished  by  its 
crimson-edged  tube-scales  and  sepals,  the  petals 
■facing  pure  white ;  C.  Napoleonis,  also  green  and 
3'ellow  in  sepals  and  white  in  petals.  All  these  had 
most  lovely  blossoms  expanded  when  we  saw  them, 
and  we  were  so  delighted  with  such  an  unusual  dis- 
play that  we  wished  it  had  been  tiie  afternoon  of  a 
bank  holiday,  so  that  the  thousands  who  throng  Kew 
at  such  a  time  might  enjoy  the  sight.  Perhaps, 
Jiowever,  the  flowers  object  to  bank  holidays  as  well 
as  ordinary  days,  and  prefer  to  "  blush  unseen,  and 
waste   their  fragrance "   on  the    big   Cactus-house 


BRYN-Y-NEUADD. 

This  modern  and  beautiful  mausion,  the  pro- 
perty and  residence  of  S.  Piatt,  Esq.,  is  situated 
in  one  of  the  loveliest  spots  in  North  Wales, 
between  Penmaenmawr  and  Bangor,  and  is  easily 
reached  by  the  Chester  and  Holyhead  Bail- 
way.  The  village  of  Llanfairfeehan,  adjacent  io  the 
Hall — which  at  the  time  the  Hall  was  built  consisted 
mainly  of  a  few  cottages,  inhabited  by  quarryraen 
working  in  the  granite  quarries  near — has  now  grown 
into  one  of  the  most  popular  seaside  resorts  on  tliis 
coast,  and  numbers  over  2000  inhabitants.  Much  of 
the  success  attained  is  owing  to  the  liberality  and 
public-  spirit  manifested  by  the  late  Mr.  Piatt  in 
building,  planting,  and  improving  his  estate  in  this 
neighbourliood,  giving  a  good  example  to  other 
owners  of  property  which  has  borne  good  fruit, 
eligible,  pretty,  and  comfortable  cottages  being  now 
numerous  tliere.  To  any  one  in  quest  of  a  quiet 
place  for  a  short  relaxation  from  business,  as  was  the 
case  with  me  wlien  I  stayed  here  recently  for  a  few 
days,  I  can  strongly  recommend  this  place.  All 
the  popular  North  Wales  places  are  easy  of  access 
from  here  ;  there  is  an  excellent  beach  for  bathing ; 
and,  as  to  botanical  walks  and  excursions,  the  most 
ardent  lover  of  this  delightful  science  may  liave  his 
fill  in  the  hills  and  valleys  near.  Tlie  famous  Aber 
Waterfall  is  within  four  miles  of  this  place,  and  is 
alone  worth  a  long  journey  to  see.  It  is  distant  from 
Aber  village  about  three  miles,  and  the  walk  to  it  is 
one  constant  panorama  of  beauty.  Some  of  the  hills 
are  clothed  with  Firs  and  scrubby  Oaks,  tlic  young 
tints  on  which  are  now  looking  lovely ;  others  are 
clotlied  with  bloom  and  Fern,  with  here  and  there 
a  mountain  rising  above  the  others  in  bare  and  austere 
grandeur.  Following  the  stream  which  runs  tiirough 
this  beautiful  valley,  we  pass  here  and  there  a  lonely 
cottage,  the  occupier  of  which  improves  the  time  by 
selling  to  thirsty  tourists  his  home-made  "  pop." 
Among  the  low  growths  of  trees  we  pass  groups  of 
Welsh  ponies,  which  are  singularly  pretty  in  their 
native  semi-wild  state.  After  proceeding  about 
another  mile  the  waterfall  comes  in  view,  at  this 
distance  appearing  only  as  a  white  streak  on  tlie  face 
of  the  rock,  but  on  nearer  approach,  however,  its 
appearance  grows  upon  one,  and  when  standing  at  the 
bottom  within  reach  of  its  spray,  the  effect  is  very 
fine. 

To  return  to  Bryn-y-Neuadd.  In  company  with 
Mr.  Eastwood,  who  has  had  charge  of  the  gardens 
and  woods  for  upwards  of  twenty-four  years— a  fact 
which'speaks  volumes  for  both  servant  and  master — I 
first  enter  the  kitchen  garden,  which  is  a  walled 
parallelogram  within  another— an  excellent  plan  for 
a  spot  where  the  winds  are  so  troublesome.  The 
plan  also  affords  an  increased  wall  area  for  the  growtli 
of  choice  fruit,  and  adds  enormously  to  the  value  of 
a  garden  in  providing  a  large  extent  of  warm  borders 
and  corners  for  the  growth  of  early  crops  and  for  the 
protection  of  others  in  winter.  Tliis  plan  has  the 
further  advantage  of  providing  abundance  of  north 
aspect  borders,  which  in  hot  summers,  such  as  the 
present,  are  invaluable  for  the  growth  of  vegetables 
and  for  prolonging  the  snpiily  of  bush  fruit  and 
Strawberries,  which  arc  here  planted  on  many 
aspects,  and  as  a  consequence  these  crops  are  to  be 
seen  in  a  variety  of  stages  of  growth,  the  value  of 
which  fact  will  suggest  itself  to  every  gardener.  Mr. 
Eastwood  also  seems  singularly  happy  in  being  able 
to  adapt  his  practice  to  tjie  peculiar  circumstances 
of  the  place.  Tliis  was  made  apparent  to  me  on  my 
inquiry  why  it  was  that  lie  planted  his  Strawberries 
in  beds  and  allowed  them  to  run,  as  it  were,  into  a 
semi-wild  state.  The  answer  was  that  if  planted  in 
rows  on  tlieir  light,  shallow,  hot  land  tlie  plants  all 
perished  in  a  short  time ;  whereas  planted  in  tliis  way 
lie  had  fair  crops  of  useful-sized  fruit.  A  more 
productive  garden  than  this  it  is  impossible 
to  find.  Young  Potatos  had  been  dug  from  the 
open  borders  some  time  when  I  called  on  Jlay  21, 
for  all  the   season  was   tliere   such  a  late  one.    It 


would  be  quite  possible  to  take  two  more  crops  08' 
this  land  before  the  year  expires.  The  old-fashioned 
practice  is  followed  here  of  planting  winter  or  spring 
Broccoli,  &c.,  between  the  rows  of  Potatos,  which  are 
planted  wide  apart.  In  a  district  where  growth  is 
made  late  in  the  autumn  I  should  condemn  this 
system  as  unsuitable  ;  but  where  Potatos  are  so  early 
matured  as  they  are  here,  I  have  no  doubt  the 
system  is  well  adapted  for  the  district. 

The  garden  walls  are  well  covered  with  trees, 
which  are  evidently  well  cared  for.  Such  a  crop  of 
Apricots  as  I  saw  here,  was  a  treat  to  see — the 
branches  loaded  witli  fruit.  Crops  under  glass  were 
looking  exceedingly  well,  the  Peaches  and  Nectarines 
more  particularly.  I  should  say  there  must  be  some- 
thing peculiarly  favourable  to  the  growth  of  stone 
fruit  in  the  soil  of  this  district,  for  I  can  say,  without 
hesitation,  that  I  have  never  before  seen  such  a 
heavy  set  of  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Apricots.  I 
was  told  that  they  set  as  freely  every  year.  Grapes 
in  all  stages  were  looking  well.  Tlie  plant-houses  are 
well  stocked  with  a  choice  assortment  of  plants  in 
good  condition — Eucharis  especially  doing  well  here. 

With  a  soil  and  climate  such  as  this  is,  where 
scarlet  Pelargoniums  pass  the  winter  unscathed,  it 
does  seem  a  pity  that  the  resources  of  the  soil  and 
climate  are  not  turned  to  advantage  in  growing  choice 
fruit,  flowers,  and  vegetables  for  the  Manchester  and 
Liverpool  markets,  which  are  within  easy  reach  of 
the  place,  instead  of,  as  now,  growing  a  few  patches 
of  com,  which  in  these  times  can  yield  but  very 
scanty  returns.  Tvurixt. 


The  Apiary. 


A    YEAR    WITHOUT   WASPS. 

O.v  all  hands  we  are  hearing,  "Where  are  the 
wasps  ?  "  and  we  cannot  get  an  answer.  Whether 
gardeners  will  rejoice  or  not  may  be  a  question  ;  but 
at  any  rate  beekeepers  will  not  be  in  tears  at  this 
fact.  We  are  not  prepared  to  go  into  the  reasons 
why  there  are  so  few  wasps  about.  It  must  not  be 
tliought,  however,  that  they  are  annihilated.  About 
one  hundred  years  ago  there  was  a  scarcity  of  wasps 
as  in  the  present  year,  but  about  two  years  after  there 
were  more  than  ever.  This  year  will  be  a  good 
one  to  sit  in  judgment  on  the  bees.  Not  a  few 
gardeners  say  they  spoil  the  fruit.  Now  if  the  fruit 
remains  untouched  this  year,  we  will  loudly  proclaim 
the  innocence  of  the  bees,  and  grant  them  a  free 
pardon,  as  tlie  Queen  does  when  a  person  is  let  out 
of  prison  who  is  found  to  be  innocent ;  on  the  other 
hand,  if  the  bees  are  found  guilty  this  year  in  attack- 
ing sound  fruit,  we  will  hide  our  diminished  heads. 
Should  there  be  anyplace  where  wasps  nnfortunately 
abound,  the  advice  we  gave  in  this  paper  last  year 
will  again  apply.  It  is  that  of  old  Dr.  Butler : 
— "Sett  by  them  sider,  verjuice,  sour  drinke,  or 
grounds,  in  a  short-necked  vial,  open,  or  other 
glass,  covered  with  a  paper  that  hath  a  hoale  in  the 
middle,  and  soe  you  shall  catch  manie." 

Beekeepers  have  ever  fought  against  wasps. 
The  British  Bcc  Journal,  an  old  Wiltshire  paper, 
says  : — "  The  Earl  of  Kadnor  has  for  many  years 
paid  Is.  per  nest  for  wasps  and  2,<.  per  nest  for 
hornets  (!)— tlie  queen  in  each  case  being  invariably 
produced  witli  the  nests.  It  is  a  kind  of  harvest  for 
the  men,  '  the  wasping  season  be.'  "  Upon  referring 
to  the  books  we  find  that  the  sum  of  £506  2&.  has 
been  paid  for  the  destruction  of  wasps  and  hornets 
within  the  last  twelve  years,  being  an  average  of 
£42  3s.  Qd.  per  year ! 

But,  though  beekeepers  may,  and  will,  rejoice  that 
wasps  will  not  rob  their  hives  this  year,  it  may  not 
be  an  unmixed  blessing.  It  appears  that  when 
wasps  have  been  destroyed  in  greater  quantities  than 
usual  there  has  been  a  plague  of  flies.  The  great 
French  beekeeper,  Reaumur  (according  to  the  autho- 
rity we  have  mentioned  before),  says  tliat  the  French 
butchers  welcome  wasps,  because  they  drive  away 
the  flesh-fly  ;  meanwhile,  as  no  season  is  all  good,  or 
all  bad,  we  beekeepers  can  rejoice  that  our  turn  has 


JuLT  30,  1887.] 


TEE     GAJRDE  NEBS'     CRBONICLE. 


131 


come  this  year,  and  that  the  bees  are  rendering  a 
Rood  account  of  themselves.  Wliile  I  write  (July 
20)  the  Lime  trees  are  truly  roaring  with  the  num- 
ber of  bees  in  them,  and  the  nectar  is  fairly  running 
from  them.  E-xcept  where  Heather  abounds  there 
will  not  be  a  great  deal  of  honey  when  the  Limes 
iire  finished.   Walter  C/iilty,  Pcwsci/. 


Colonial  Notes. 


VITALITy  OF  SEEDS. 
A  CHANGE  of  residence  from  Jamaica  to  Trinidad 
has  prevented  my  seeing  until  to-day  Mr.  Watsons 


with  special  reference  to  supplies  of  vegetable  seeds 
required  by  European  residents  in  the  Tropics. 
Seeds  of  Kidney  Beans  in  Jamaica  I  have  found 
useless  on  numerous  occasions  after  being  kept  for  a 
period  equal  to  tliat  mentioned  in  Mr.  Watson's  note 
in  italics  ;  and  Peas  especially  are  well  known,  by  all 
who  liave  grown  them  in  the  Tropics,  to  be  of  very 
uncertain  growth  after  a  few  months  onlv.  These 
facts  are  no  mere  theory,  but  have  been  ascertained 
by  personal  observation  during  a  series  of  years. 
Even  the  negro  cultivator  hesitates  to  purchase  from 
a  seed-store  until  he  knows  that  some  friend  has 
purchased,  and  that  the  seed  was  fresh  from  actual 
trial.  To  make  certain  of  seeds  growing,  residents 
in  the  Tropics  should  make  it  a  practice  to  order  at 


tropical-house  at  Kew,  where  a  relative  humidity 
and  temperature  to  that  mentioned  could  be  con- 
veniently maintained,  and  correctly  registered  by 
the  hygrometer.  I  think  the  j-esult  would  enable 
him  to  discuss  the  subject  on  rather  different  lines, 
and  with  much  greater  force. 

When  writing  my  note  supporting  M.  Thien7's 
assertion,  that  seeds  "  lose  their  vitality  much  sooner 
in  the  Tropics  than  in  Europe,"  I  was  not  in  any 
way  depreciating  the  easy  and  generally  successful 
method  adopted  at  Kew,  and  many  other  places  for 
the  transmission  of  seeds,  but  was  pointing  out  how 
Nature  showed  us  the  way  to  preserve  the  vitality  of 
seeds  by  giving  to  some  such  a  hardened  exterior 
coat  that  they  have  been  known  to  survive  immer- 


FlG.   32. — THE   CONSERVATORY   AT    HENDRE,   MONMOUTH.       (SEE   P.    130.) 


icomments  on  my  note  relating  to  "  Transmission  ot 
Seeds  from  the  Tropics."  On  referring  to  my  note, 
however,  I  can  find  nothing  to  justify  Mr.  Watson 
in  making  the  assertion  that  I  condemned  paper 
bags  for  the  transmission  of  seeds  to  the  Tropics. 
I  did  not  do  so ;  what  I  intended  to  convey,  and 
now  reiterate  as  an  incontrovertible  fact,  is,  that 
the  quality  of  European  seeds  is  depreciated  by 
being  kept  in  canvas  or  paper  bags  "  after  they 
arrive  in  the  Tropics."  In  hermetically  sealed  tin 
cases,  provided  the  seeds  are  put  up  when  the 
humidity  of  the  atmosphere  is  in  a  proper  condition, 
it  will  be  found  that  the  seeds  retain  vitality  for  a 
much  longer  period  ;  but  the  cases  should  be  small, 
one  for  each  variety,  and  should  only  be  opened 
when  required.     I  may  say  here  that  I  am  writing 


intervals,  and  always  keep  a  fresh  supply  on  hand 
for  use,  but  they  can  order  at  longer  intervals  if  the 
seeds  are  in  sealed  cases,  and  only  opened  as  re- 
quired. 

The  cause  of  the  failure  of  so  many  seeds  is  un- 
doubtedly the  humidity  and  high  temperature  which 
ive  experience.  If  we  could  find  in  the  Tropics  such 
a  convenient  drawer  as  Mr.  Watson  describes,  it 
would  not  have  been  necessary  to  write  upon  the 
subject,  but  when  we  have  a  state  of  humidity  repre- 
sented by  77,  taking  saturation  at  100,  and  a  mean 
annual  temperature  of  over  77°  Fahr.,  the  conditions 
are  somewhat  difficult  to  estimate  and  understand 
by  residents  in  a  temperate  clime.  To  enable  Mr. 
Watson  to  estimate  the  value  of  such  conditions,  I 
would  recommend  him  to  place  a  series  of  seeds  in  a 


sion  in  sea-water  for  months,  perform  a  long  voyage, 
and  then  germinate.  Perhaps  we  could  not  seal  as 
effectually  as  Nature  does,  but  we  cannot  dispute  the 
fact  that  the  sealing  preserves  the  seeds,  for  after 
cutting  one  of  a  similar  character  through  its  ex- 
terior it  will  germinate  immediately,  but  as  long  as 
it  remains  intact  and  undecayed  the  vital  germ  is 
kept  in  a  state  of  preservation.  J.  H.  Hart,  Super- 
intendent of  Botanic  Gardens,  Trinidad. 

N.\TAL. 

We  are  now  within  a  month  of  midwinter,  and  the 
weather  is  fine  in  the  extreme.  At  night,  with  a 
clear  sky,  the  glass  may  give  2°  or  3°  of  frost  up 
country— i.e.,  Maritzburg  and  the  Drakensberg  ; 
here,  2300  feet  above  the  sea,  we  have  felt  as  yet 


132 


TEE     GAFDENEFS'     CIIBONICLE. 


[July  30,  1887. 


very  little  frost.  Heliotropes,  Tuberoses,  Poinsettias, 
are  blooming  untouched.  The  days  are  deliglitfuUy 
clear,  warm,  and  dry.  At  mid-day  the  glass  ranges 
between  60°  and  65°  in  the  shade. 

Flowers  in  season,  in  addition  to  the  above-named, 
comprise  Salvias,  Habrothamnus,  Tea  Roses,  Tecoma 
australis,  Chrysanthemums,  Violets,  Camellias,  and 
Polygala  Dalmaisiana,  all  grown  in  the  open.  Native 
flowers  are  rather  scanty,  yet  a  few  of  the  most 
showy  may  be  mentioned  : — Leonotis  Leonurus,  with 
its  long  orange  spikes  rising  up  from  amongst  the 
long  grass  like  flames  of  fire ;  Athrixia  phylicoides, 
a  neat  little  Composite  with  purjile  and  yellow 
flowers ;  Nerine  flexuosa,  rather  rare,  prefers  damp 
spots  on  high  ground,  3000— 4000  feet;  a  lovely  white 
Hebenstreitia  (Verbenacea;),  about  4  feet  high,  densely 
set  with  very  many  white  flowers,  is  often  found  with 
the  Nerine ;  Cyrtanthus  McKennii,  a  little  gem,  with 
curved  white  blossoms — a  native  of  the  coast,  but 
cultivated  here — is  in  full  flower  ;  it  stands  cutting 
very  well,  and  is  well  worth  pot  culture. 

Summer  fruits  are  rare  and  dear.  Apples,  mostly 
Northern  Greening,  4s.  per  100 ;  Grapes,  Sd.  per  pound ; 
Grenadillas — Passiflora  edulis,  Id.  per  100 ;  Ponie- 
grana;-es,  4s.  per  100 ;  Melons,  3s.  per  dozen  ;  Lemons, 
6s.  per  100;  Pears,  Is.  per  dozen;  Quinces,  Is. 
per  100. 

Winter  fruit  is  appearing  on  our  market  in  toler- 
able quantity.  Bananas,  Gi.  per  100 ;  Guavas,  Is. 
per  100  ;  Oranges,  2s.  per  100. 

Vegetables  and  farm  produce  are  rather  dearer,  as 
Ijecomes  the  season.  Cabbages,  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Cauli- 
flowers, 5s.  per  dozen  ;  Carrots,  dd.  per  dozen  bundles  ; 
Turnips,  Is.  ditto ;  firewood  (Blue  Gum),  6s.  per 
cwt. ;  seed  Barley,  5s.  per  ewt. ;  Maize,  4s.  per 
cwt. ;  Onions,  5s.  per  cwt. ;  seed  Peas,  5s.  per 
owt. ;  Pumpkins,  2s.  Qd.  per  dozen  ;  Potatos,  6s.  per 
cwt. — price  variable  ;  sweet  Potatos,  Is.  Gd.  per  cwt. ; 
{Swedes,  2s.  per  cwt.  Wheat  is  hardly  grown  in  this 
colony.  The  universal  food  for  horses  is  "  forage," 
i.e.,  ripe  Oats  cut  and  sold  in  bundles  which  now 
letches  2s.  to  4s.  per  cwt. 

The  past  season  has  been  a  fair  one,  though  rain 
<1id  not  fall  till  late  in  November  only.  The  Maize 
crop,  in  consequence,  was  very  backward,  and  on 
high-lying  farms  up  country  frost  has  done  much 
damage.  B.  W.  Adlani,  Marlt-hiirg,  Kital. 

Orange  and  Olive  Guowing  in  New  Zealand. 
In  the  province  of  Auckland  the  cultivation  of  the 
Orange  is  making  rapid  headway,  and  it  is  believed 
that  in  the  course  of  a  few  years  the  industry  will 
be  one  of  some  importance.  For  a  number  of  years 
Orange  trees,  chiefly  seedlings,  have  been  grown 
here  and  there,  and  in  not  a  few  instances  have 
yielded  excellent  crops  ;  but  only  very  recently  has 
the  regular  planting  of  Orange  groves  been  carried 
on.  In  one  particular  district,  where  both  soil  and 
situation  are  flvvourahle  to  their  growth,  there  are 
already  some  thousands  of  Orange  trees  set  out,  the 
greater  portion  of  which  have  been  grafted  or  budded, 
as  worked  trees  bear  so  much  earlier  than  seedlings. 
It  is  calculated  that  in  this  district  during  the 
present  season  there  will  be  crops  of  fruit,  on  com- 
paratively young  trees,  amounting  to  30,000  Oranges. 
There  are  quite  a  number  of  trees,  not  yet  six  years 
oH,  that  bear  from  100  to  200  Oranges  each.  During 
the  next  decade,  no  doubt,  the  planting  of  the  Orange 
Bill  go  on  vigorously,  so  that  there  should  be  a  plen- 
tiful supply  ol  fruit,  if  not  for  export,  at  all  events  for 
the  people  living  in  the  colony,  the  supplies  hitherto 
having  come  from  Fiji  and  other  islands,  and  some 
from  Australia.  Some  orchardists  are  of  opinion 
that  the  culture  of  Oranges  will  be  more  profitable 
than  that  of  Apples  or  Pears. 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  Lemons  of  good  mar- 
ketable quality  have  been  raised  for  a  number  of 
j'ears.  Limes,  too,  have  been  grown,  which  on  being 
analysed,  would  compare  favourably  with  tliose 
grown  in  other  countries,  and  showing  tliat  these 
fi-uits  might  be  profitably  cultivated  for  the  manu- 
facture of  citric  acid. 

In  regard  to  Olive  growing,  for  a  number  of  years 
experiments  have  been  carried  on  just  outside    of 


Auckland  city  by  Dr.  Campbell,  on  a  portion  of  his 
valuable  estate,  suitable  for  the  culture  of  the  Olive. 
The  experiment  is  a  somewhat  extensive  one,  inas- 
much as  upwards  of  20  acres  have  been  planted  with 
trees,  according  to  the  quincunx  system,  20  feet 
apart  every  way.  As  a  start  for  tliis  Olive  planta- 
tion 5000  seedling  trees  were  obtained  from  Adelaide 
some  years  ago.  These  were  afterwards  grafted  at 
different  times,  though  the  grafts  did  not  all  succeed. 
Transplanting  took  place  in  due  course,  and  there 
are  now  some  2500  trees  thriving  vigorously,  and 
this  season  bearing  abundance  of  fruit.  Arrange- 
ments have  been  made  with  the  Auckland  Oil  and 
Candle  Co.,  for  treating  the  Olives  wlieu  perfectly 
ripe,  Dr.  Campbell  having  decided  that  the  oil  shall 
be  placed  on  the  market  in  a  form  and  with  a  quality 
equal  to  the  imported  article.  So  far  as  climate  is  con- 
cerned, the  experiment  may  be  said  to  have 
settled  the  point  wlicther  the  Olive  would  do  in 
New  Zealand.  WitHam  Morgan,  Piikekohc,  East 
Axickland. 


TROP.^OLUMS   AT    CHISWICK. 

AwAT  in  one  corner  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Gardens — which  it  is  feared  many  of  the  visitors  at 
the  flower  show  held  there  on  the  14th  failed  to 
visit — may  be  seen  a  bizarre  bit  of  colouring  pro- 
duced by  dwarf  Trop:colums — a  display  such  as  is 
rarely  seen.  The  varieties  are  of  that  strain  called 
by  us  Tom  Thumb,  and  by  the  French  Tom  Pouce, 
and  are  sent  by  the  well-known  firm  of  Messrs.  Jas. 
Carter  &  Co.,  who  have  a  wide  reputation  for  Tom 
Thumb  Tropa:olums,  and  by  the  famous  Parisian 
house  of  Messrs.  Vilmorin-Andrieux  &  Co. ;  but  by 
far  the  larger  number  of  kinds  are  from  Holborn. 
Tlie  Tom  Thumb  TropaBolum  diflers  from  the  less 
known  compactum,  not  in  height,  for  that  is  about 
the  same,  but  in  habit  of  blooming,  as  whilst  the 
Tom  Thumb  strain  blooms  profusely  early  and  then 
falls  ofi^,  the  compactum  forms  spread  till  even  2  feet 
across,  and  bloom  profusely  till  killed  by  frost,  the 
flowers  being  well  above  the  foliage.  The  Floral 
Committee  met  at  Chiswick  on  tlie  11th,  and  went 
through  these  Tropa^olums,  seeing  them  at  their 
very  best.  It  may  be  worth  the  while  of  the  com- 
mittee to  examine  them  a  month  or  so  later,  to  test 
endurance  of  blooming.  In  the  meantime  it  is 
satisfactory  to  know  that  although  many  of  these 
varieties  have  been  before  the  public  for  several 
years,  yet  it  was  found  desirable  to  make  to  several 
kinds  certain  aw-irds  of  three  marks,  testifying  to 
their  summer  value  as  bedders.  The  palest  hued 
kinds  were  the  spotless  cream  Tom  Thumb 
Pearl  (Carter)  and  Tom  Pouce  (Vilraorin),  and 
Crystal  Palace  Gem  (Carter),  cream,  with  maroon 
spots  ;  then  came  Golden  King,  pure  yellow  ;  Yellow 
Tom  Thumb,  same  hue  of  colour,  but  rather  deeper 
than  the  preceding;  Spotted  Tom  Thumb,  yellow, 
with  maroon  spots  ;  Spotted  King,  yellow,  maroon 
spots,  rather  dwarfer,  but  not  well  set ;  and  Lady- 
bird, yellow,  carmine  spots.  Cliameleon,  sulphur, 
heavily  spotted  and  flushed  with  red,  was  more 
curious  than  ])leasing.  Coming  to  the  rose  tints, 
first  of  these  is  Cteruleum  roseum  ;  Tom  Ponce,  rosy, 
and  Vilmorin,  pale  rose,  are  very  free  ;  Ruby  King, 
dwarfer,  and  fiowers  almost  magenta  in  colour  ;  Tom 
Thumb  Beauty,  pale  orange-scarlet ;  Scarlet  Tom 
Thumb,  rather  deeper  colour;  King  of  Tom  Thumbs, 
Roi  des  Tom  Pouce,  and  Vilmorin,  crimson  ;  Em- 
press of  India,  Imperatrice  des  Indcs  (Vilraorin), 
dwarfer,  and  maroon-crimson  ;  and  King  Theodore, 
dark  maroon.  All  those  not  otherwise  specified  are 
of  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.'s  strains,  the  whole  present- 
ing in  their  rows  such  a  mass  of  varied  colouring  as 
is  rarely  seen.  Of  these  Pearl,  Crystal  Palace  Gem, 
Yellow  Tom,  Thumb,  Spotted  Tom  Thumb,  Cwrulcum 
roseum,  Tom  Thumb  Beauty,  Scarlet  Tom  Thumb, 
King  of  Tom  Thumbs,  and  Empress  of  India  received 
three  marks  each.  Sown  in  rows  in  the  light  Chiswick 
.soil,  these  plants  have  come  freely,  and  apparently 
most  truly — variations  from  type  after  all  being  very 
trifling ;  and  it  is  evident  that  for  the  production  of 
summer  masses  of  colour  they  may  he  fully  trusted. 


Cultural  Memoranda. 


STEPHANOTIS  FLORIBUNDA. 

We  have  two  plants  of  this  stove  climber  growing 
in  12-inch  pots,  which  rest  on  two  bricks  laid 
across  two  hot-water  pipes  running  along  the  centre 
of  a  raised  bed  in  a  small  span-roofed  stove,  the  rims 
of  the  pots  being  just  above  the  gravel  surface  of 
the  bed.  The  slioots  are  trained  to  a  wire  trellis 
fixed  to  the  rafters.  Thus  grown  the  plants  make 
short-jointed  growth  tliat  always  flowers  well.  Liquid 
manure  is  given,  to  cause  the  development  of  large 
trusses  of  fiowers,  free  growth  and  fine  foliage. 
Cuttings  taken  off  with  a  heel  of  the  old  wood  any 
time  after  growth  commences,  inserted  in  small  pots 
filled  with  sandy  soil,  and  placed  under  a  hand-light 
in  heat,  will  soon  make  roots;  they  should  then  be 
potted  singly  into  3-inch  pots,  put  back  into  heat 
and  watered,  afterwards  shifting  the  plants  into 
larger  pots  as  they  require  it,  using  rough  peat  and 
loam  in  equal  parts,  with  a  good  sprinkling  of  sharp 
sand.  H.  W.  Ward,  Lomjford  Castle. 

St.  John's  Wort  (Hypericum  calycinbm). 
This  is  a  showy  plant  for  covering  ground  in 
unfavourable  sites,  especially  banks  and  under  trees. 
The  plant  is  easily  increased  by  division  of  the 
roots,  made  any  time  during  the  spring  or  summer 
months,  and  by  cuttings  of  the  ripe  wood  under  a 
hand-glass  in  August  and  September.  Use  sandy 
soil,  and  choose  a  half  shady  situation.  The  cut- 
tings will  be  rooted  by  the  month  of  April.  Divi- 
sions of  the  root  must  be  carefully  attended  to  with 
water  and  a  little  shade  in  very  hot  weather  until 
rooted.  The  cut  blooms  keep  fresli  when  placed  in 
water  for  a  considerable  time.  H.  W.  W, 


FLORISTS'  Flowers. 

THE  AMARYLLIS. 
I  WROTE  on  tliis  plant  at  p.  744  of  last  volume,  and 
alluded  to  the  saving  and  sowing  of  seeds.  Tliose 
who  have  no  opportunity  of  saving  seeds  from  their 
own  plants  might  purchase  some  from  a  trustworthy 
source,  and  in  this  way  start  the  cultivation  of  the 
plants  at  a  very  chea])  rate.  Those  who  possess  some 
of  the  best  varieties  in  cultivation  should  save  their 
own  seeds,  and  thus  obtain  a  fund  of  pleasurable  ex- 
citement in  watching  the  gradual  development  of  the 
plants  to  the  flowering  stage.  I  sowed  a  small 
quantity  of  seed  in  June  last,  and  the  young  plants 
are  already  6  inches  high,  and  have  been  placed,  a 
dozen  plants  together,  in  a  6-inch  pot.  They  get  on 
more  rapidly  if  the  pots  are  plunged  in  a  mild  bottom- 
heat,  but  this  I  am  not  able  to  give  them  this  year, 
the  whole  of  the  space  in  the  house  being  taken  up 
with  the  large  plants.  In  any  case  the  young  plants 
ought  to  be  placed  in  a  hothouse.  The  old  plants  of 
Amaryllis,  whether  plunged  in  the  tan  beds  or 
standing  on  stages,  are  still  in  vigorous  growth. 
Tliey  should  not  be  allowed  to  become  too  dry 
at  the  roots,  else  the  bulbs  will  ripen  prema- 
turely. A  check  in  the  mid-season  of  their 
growth  causes  the  plants  to  suffer  more  from  any 
insect  pest  that  may  be  upon  them.  Some  varieties 
are  more  liable  to  be  attacked  by  thrips  and  red- 
spider  than  others  are ;  and  it  is  also  a  curious  cir- 
cumstance that  any  check  wliich  the  plants  may 
receive  to  their  growth  is  followed  by  an  unusual 
display  of  activity  on  the  part  of  the  small  parasites 
alluded  to.  TliVips  are  not  easily  destroyed  by 
fumigating,  at  least  if  the  plants  are  grown  in  a  tan 
bed,  they  simjily  drop  off  the  leaves  down  amongst 
the  tan,  and  are  as  active  as  ever  next  day,  extracting 
the  very  life  of  the  plants.  I  find  it  best  to  hand- 
wash the  leaves  with  an  infusion  of  tobacco-water  to 
which  a  little  soft-soap  is  added.  A  species  of  bug 
is  not  uncommon  round  tlie  neck  of  the  bulbs,  where 
it  finds  a  congenial  honte  in  the  decayed  scaly 
coverings,  and  can  only  be  conveniently  dealt  with 
by  removing  the  loose  portion,  and  washing  round 


Jut.v  no,  1SS7.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     GElRONICLE. 


133 


the  neck  of  the  bulbs  with  soapy  water.  We  shall 
sadly  miss  from  amongst  us  at  the  flowering  season, 
one  of  the  oldest  admirers  and  cultivators  of  tliis 
plant — the  Rev.  Thomas  Staniforth,  of  Storr's  Hall, 
Windermere,  whose  death  is  recorded  in  his  eightieth 
year.  He  stimulated  amateur  cultivators  to  produce 
seedlings  by  oflfering  prizes  for  them  at  South 
Kensington,  and  subsequently  at  the  Royal  Botanic 
Gardens,  Regent's  Tark.  He  grew  them  well  in  his 
own  private  garden,  and  cultivated  a  choice  collection. 
Storr's  Beauty,  a  lovely  variety,  was,  I  believe, 
raised  by  him.  It  is  yet  scaixe,  and  is  in  the  hands 
of  Messrs.  Vcitcb,  of  Chelsea.  Mr.  Staniforth  was 
likewise  an  admirer  of  the  beautiful  in  art,  as  well  as 
in  Nature.  He  was  a  collector  of  old  specimens  of 
Dresden,  Sevres,  and  other  porcelain,  and  possessed 
unique  pieces  of  the  oldest  fabricated  articles.  J. 
Dmglw. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


Feeks, — At  ]>resent  the  state  of  the  weather  is 
such  that  more  than  ordinary  care  must  be  taken  to 
keep  these  moisture-loving  plants  in  health.  The 
shading  for  them  should  be  adjusted  early  in  the  day 
before  the  sun  has  power  enough  to  injiu-e  the  young 
fronds,  and  removed  when  it  can  no  longer  harm 
them,  and  that  the  plants  be  not  subjected  to  nn- 
necessan.'  darkness  it  should  be  of  light  material. 
Tarching  draughts  should  be  carefully  avoided,  but 
a  gentle  circulation  of  warm  air  in  conformity  with 
the  requirements  of  stove  or  greenhouse  species,  will 
be  beneficial  in  improving  the  texture  of  the  fronds 
and  assisting  them  to  mature  ;  the  needful  amount  of 
moisture  being  kept  up  by  damping  the  paths,  &c. 
Having  now  made  considerable  root  progress  and 
many  fronds,  all  kinds  require  a  plentiful  supply  of 
water,  and  should  be  examined  at  least  morning  and 
evening,  particul.ir  attention  in  this  matter  being 
bestowed  upon  plants  growing  in  baskets,  in  small 
]>ockets  upon  rockwork,  or  upon  blocks  of  wood.  I 
am  no  advocate  for  affording  supports  to  Ferns  in  a 
general  way,  but  with  some  kinds  it  is  necessary, 
not  only  to  improve  their  appearance  but  to  keep 
their  fronds  apart  so  that  injury  from  damp  shall  not 
t.ake  place.  The  fronds  of  Adiantum  Farleyense,  for 
instance,  if  not  ke]>t  apart,  becomes  matted  together 
and  may  easily  sufl'er  in  this  way-  The  stakes  in  all 
cases,  however,  should  be  neatly  and  sparingly  used. 
I  am  so  pleased  with  the  new  Fern,  Nephrolepis 
rufescens  tripinnatifida,  that  I  may  be  excused  if  I 
allude  to  my  treatment  of  the  plant.  It  grows 
freely  in  the  compost  previously  recommended  for 
Ferns,  and  should  be  placed  in  a  house,  the  condi- 
tions of  which  suit  other  stove  species  of  Adian- 
tum, Davallia,  Asplenium,  &c.,  I  have  searched  in 
vain  for  spores,  but  young  plants  are  rather  freely 
produced  upon  the  aijrial  roots,  which  are  numerous. 
Adiantum  cuneatum,  Pteris,  and  other  Ferns  grown 
for  house  decoration  and  to  cut  from,  should  be 
afforded  plenty  of  space  and  air,  be  kept  well  up  to 
the  glass,  and  butslightIyshaded,so  that  their  fronds 
may  acquire  the  firm  texture  fitting  them  to  withstand 
rough  usage.  Young  plants  that  have  been  pricked 
out  into  pans  should  be  potted  into  (30's,  before  the 
l>lants  get  crowded;  a  moist  position  near  the  glass, 
where  they  can  be  shaded,  will  be  suitable  for  them. 

NcriuiTis  and  Hydrangeas. — The  once  much-grown 
and  admired  Nerium  (Oleander),  when  well  grown  and 
blossomed,  as  it  can  be  with  ordinary  attention 
always,  is  much  liked.  It  succeeds  best  under 
cool  gi'eenhouse  treatment,  exposed  to  full  sun- 
light, and  afforded  an  abundant  supply  of  water,  both 
at  the  roots  and  overhead  from  the  syringe,  during 
its  season  of  growth.  Established  plants  may  now 
be  plunged  in  a  bed  of  cocoa-nut  fibre  or  ashes,  in  a 
sunny  position  outdoors.  Under  these  conditions 
firmer  growth  will  be  completed,  the  foliage  will 
assume  a  leathery  texture,  and  the  flower-buds  will 
get  thereby  better  ripened  than  is  the  case  when 
plants  are  retained  under  glass  the  whole  year. 
The  plant  being  naturally  an  erect  grower,  with 
shoots  close  together  like  the  Willow,  should  have  the 
shoots  neatly  spread  apart  with  stakes,  for  the  twofold 
purpose  of  assisting  the  ripening  of  the  wood  and  im- 
proving the  appearance  of  the  plant.  Young  plants 
should  not  be  allowed  to  get  stunted  from  want  of 
root-space,  but  over-potting  must  be  avoided,  as  mucfi 
growth  and  late,  means  no  flowers  for  a  season ; 
much  drainage  need  not  be  afforded,  and  the  com- 
post should  consist  of  sound  loam  moderately  mixed 
with  peat  and  sand,   and   be   made   firm   with   the 


potting-stick.  Hydrangeas,  grown  in  a  cool-house 
will  now  be  in  blossom,  and  will  need  frequent  applica- 
tions of  liquid  manure,  and  shading  in  the  sunny 
parts  of  the  day,  to  lengthen  their  period  of  flower- 
ing. As  soon  as  the  flowers  fade  the  flowering 
shoots  may  be  shortened,  or  entirely  removed  if 
there  are  sufticient  young  ones  springing  from  their 
base  to  furnish  the  plant.  If  necessary,  repotting 
may  also  be  done,  afterwards  placing  the  plants  out- 
doors, where  they  should  be  carefully  supplied  with 
water,  and,  when  the  pots  get  fllled  with  roots,  with 
a  little  liquid  manure.  The  pots  may  be  plunged  in 
sand  or  coal-ashes,  or  be  protected  from  the  sun  by 
sods  placed  against  the  sides,  if  the  pots  be  large 
ones.   Thomas  Coomhcr,  Hemhc  Gardens. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Peaches  and  Nectarin-es.  —  These  will  need 
attention  every  few  days,  by  keeping  the  shoots 
pegged  back  to  the  wall,  and  in  the  case  of  estab- 
lished trees  the  laterals  should  be  kept  persistently 
pinched  out ;  but  younger  trees,  that  are  required  to 
All  a  given  space,  may  have  a  sufficient  number  of  the 
most  forward  of  these  left,  and  fastened  to  the  wall, 
to  furnish  the  space,  gi'oss  shoots  being  entirely 
removed.  In  the  case  of  early  varieties  they  should 
have  received  a  final  thinning  of  their  fruits  ere 
this,  and  the  foliage  may  now  be  moved  aside,  or 
partly  cut  away,  so  as  to  allow  the  sun  to  aid  in 
giving  high  colouring  to  the  fruit.  Later  varieties 
should  now  receive  a  final  thinning  of  their  fruit, 
and  all  the  trees  should  be  kept  thoroughly  clear 
from  insects  by  daily  syringing  with  clear  water,  and 
also  frequently  examine  the  borders  to  see  that  the 
roots  do  not  suffer  from  the  want  of  water.  Trees 
carrying  heavy  crops  of  fruit  should  either  receive  an 
occasional  dose  of  liquid  manure  or  guano  at  the  root. 

Apricots. — Trees  of  these  fruits  should  now  receive 
a  syringing  daily,  up  to  the  time  of  the  fruits  begin- 
ning to  ripen,  using  sufficient  force  to  dislodge  any 
woodlice  or  earwigs  that  may  be  present ;  but  do 
not  expose  the  fruit  to  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun,  and 
thereby  cause  it  to  assume  a  browned  blistered 
appearance ;  it  is  much  better  for  receiving  a 
partial  shade  from  the  foliage — in  this  case  differ- 
ing widely  from  Peaches  and  Nectarines. 

Tliinnvig  Fruit. — In  order  to  obtain  fine  speci- 
mens of  fruit,  it  is  necessary  that  the  crop  should  be 
thinned  ;  this  applies  equally  to  Pears  and  Plums  on 
walls  and  pyramid  trees ;  also  Apples  grown  as 
pyramids,  or  bushes,  on  the  Paradise  stock,  which 
with  us  are  set  with  heavy  crops  of  fruit  generally. 
There  is  nothing  gained  by  allowing  trees  to  carry 
all  the  fruit  they  set,  a  less  quantity  and  finer  fruit  being 
much  more  to  the  purpose.  The  thinning  of  the 
fruit  must  be  regulated  according  to  the  character  of 
the  variety,  the  smaller  ones  being  allowed  to  retain 
more  than  the  larger  ones. 

Sraall  Fruits. — Gathering  will  now  claim  daily 
attention,  and  in  order  that  the  crop  may  be  gathered 
in  the  best  possible  condition  without  loss,  either 
from  over-ripeness  or  from  being  gathered  too  soon, 
all  sm.all  fruit  is  best  plucked  when  quite  ripe, 
with  the  exception  of  Gooseberries,  which  are  best 
gathered  for  preserving  when  changing  colour. 

Gooseberries  on  trellises  will  now  require  to  be 
netted  in,  and  late  sorts  had  better  be  protected  by 
netting,  and  all  other  fruit  trees  requiring  protection 
should  receive  attention. 

Morello  Cherries. — The  nets  that  are  not  required 
for  other  fruits  should  be  placed  over  these,  and  the 
shoots  should  be  examined  before  netting- in,  and  if 
any  aphis  is  found  to  be  present  a  dusting  of 
tobacco-powder  should  be  applied.  With  us  these 
Cherries  are  carrying  very  heavy  crops  of  fruit,  and 
the  showers  of  rain  have  been  very  beneficial  in 
cleansing  their  foliage  and  fruit. 

Figs. — See  that  the  young  gi'owths  of  Figs  are  pro- 
perly fastened  to  the  wall,  their  heavy  foliage  being 
apt  to  cause  the  shoots  to  be  displaced  by  the  wind 
if  not  well  secured.  Keep  the  young  shoots  moder- 
ately thinned  out.  I  am  no  advocate  of  the  use  of 
liquid  manure  to  assist  the  Fig  to  swell  its  fruits, 
and  think  that  clear  water  should  be  given,  only  in 
the  case  of  exceptionally  w-ell-drained  borders,  the 
starving  system  being  found  best  for  the  Fig  in  our 
climate  when  planted  outside.  By  withholding  water 
they  ripen  their  wood  better,  and  the  embryo  fruits 
withstand  the  cold  of  winter  without  much  serious 
loss.  Fig  trees  here  are  carrying  excellent  crops  of 
fruit,  not  having  been  afforded  the  slightest  help  in 
the  way  of  watering  during  the  summer. 


General  Work. — Still  continue  to  push  on  with  the 
pruning  of  wall  and  other  trees,  afterwards  syringing 
any  that  are  found  to  be  much  blighted,  so  as  to 
thoroughly  cleanse  them  from  insects.  Trees  of 
dessert  Cherries  usually  need  a  thorough  cleansing 
after  the  crop  is  gathered,  and  the  nets  removed. 
The  nets  may  now  be  removed  from  the  earliest  Straw- 
berries, storing  them  away  when  quite  dry.  What- 
ever further  number  of  runners  may  be  required  they 
should  be  secured  at  once,  and  those  beds  that  are  to 
be  retained  another  year  should  have  all  the  runners 
cleared  off  them,  the  ground  being  afterwards  hoed 
between  the  rows.  E.  iVard,  Hewell,  Brotnsgrove. 


The  Flower  Garden. 


■Violas,  Pansies,  and  Bedding  Plants.  —  The 
seed  pods  on  these  plants  must  not  be  allowed  to 
form,  and  they  must  also  receive  an  abundance  of 
weak  manure  water,  or  a  dusting  of  Thomson's 
Manure  each  time  they  are  watered.  Pick  off  all 
decayed  flower  trusses  from  the  plants  in  the  beds, 
and  keep  the  plants  within  their  allotted  areas  by 
pegging  down  and  pinching  back.  Remove  the  seed 
pods  from  Dahlias,  train  and  regulate  the  growths  ; 
place  stakes  to  Gladioluses  and  tie  them  up  loosely 
as  growth  proceeds,  and  plenty  of  water  should  be 
afforded  so  as  to  induce  the  formation  of  fine  heads 
of  bloom.  Many  shrubs  are  feeling  the  eff"ects  of  the 
drought,  and  if  a  liberal  supply  of  water  cannot 
be  afforded  them  occasional  sprinkling  with  the 
garden  engine  or  syringe  will  materially  assist  to  keep 
them  from  perishing.  I  do  not  remember  seeing  the 
ground  so  dry  since  1868. 

Propagatio7i. — Preparation  will  soon  have  to  be 
made  for  the  propaga^.ou  of  stock  for  the  next 
season.  Such  thing?  js  Alternantheras,  Iresines, 
Heliotropes,  Petunias,  Mesembryanthemums,  Trop- 
EEolums,  &c.,  being  taken  in  hand  first.  If  these  are 
propagated  without  artificial  heat  they  will  possess  a 
much  hardier  constitution  and  be  better  able  to  pass 
the  winter  without  injury.  'Verbenas  are  plants  that 
may  be  successfully  wintered  in  a  cold  pit,  as  they 
are  all  but  hardy.  The  ordinary  method  of  treating 
those  is  to  strike  them  in  a  frame  in  5-inch  pots.  The 
pots  should  be  carefully  drained  to  half  their  depth  to 
ensure  rapid  drainage,  a  mixture  of  loam,  leaf-mould, 
and  sharp  sand,  in  equal  proportions,  passed  through 
a  half  inch  riddle,  should  be  placed  on  the  top  of  the 
drainage  to  within  an  inch  and  a  half  of  the  top, 
then  an  inch  of  sand.  This  will  leave  half  an  inch 
for  water.  The  principal  aim  should  be  to  prevent 
the  cuttings  from  becoming  flaccid.  They  are  better 
immersed  in  water  and  taken  out  as  required.  A 
hard  bottom  should  be  secured  on  which  to  stand 
the  pots,  which  should  be  plunged  to  the  rim  in 
cocoa-fibre  refuse  or  ashes.  A  shading  should  he. 
kept  over  the  cuttings  when  the  sun  shines,  to  pre- 
vent them  flagging,  and  a  humid  atmosphere 
should  be  maintained  inside  by  occasional  dewings 
with  tepid  water  through  a  fine  rose,  the  sashes 
being  kept  all  but  close  until  such  time  as  the 
cuttings  have  calloused,  when  the  shading  may  le 
gradually  discontinued.  Pelargoniums,  on  the  otfer 
hand,  should  be  struck  in  the  full  blaze  of  the  sun. 
The  best  possible  place  to  strike  them  is  a  pit 
with  a  hot-water  pipe  to  drive  out  damp.  A 
compost  of  leaf-mould,  loam,  and  sand,  in  equal 
proportions,  passed  through  a  i-inch  riddle  and  laid 
evenly  over  to  a  depth  of  3  inches.  The  cuttings 
should  be  inserted  about  2.}  or  3  inches  apart,  and 
fully  exposed  unless  during  heavy  rain  or  damp 
weather.  Failing  a  pit,  boxes  and  pots  must  be 
resorted  to. 

Roses. — The  Rose  season  has  been  a  short  one, 
except  where  mulching,  watering,  and  shading  have 
been  persisted  in.  If  the  engine  and  hose  have 
been  kept  at  work,  the  Rose  bushes  will  be  in 
vigorous  health,  and  should  be  showing  their 
second  crop  of  flowers.  All  previous  precautions 
must  be  rigorously  carried  out,  or  the  drought,  if  it 
continue,  will  assuredly  sap  the  energies  of  the 
plants.  Mildew  is  not  so  prevalent  as  in  former 
years,  but  this  is  in  a  measure  due  to  the  breezy 
nature  of  the  weather.  AVhen  the  air  is  in  a  state  of 
stagnation  there  is  more  reason  to  dread  its  ravages. 
Should  it  appear,  syringing  with  a  preparation  of 
Gishurst  Compound  late  at  night,  and  syringed  off 
the  first  thing  in  in  the  morning  will  destroy  it.  If 
greenfly  should  make  its  appearance,  dust  the  affected 
parts  with  Pooley's  tobacco  powder,  syringing  it  off 
next  day.  JV.  M.  Baillie,  Luton  Hoo. 


134 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[Jdi-y  30,  1887. 


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(      Exhibition  Palace,  Mancheste 

SALES. 

Tunpismv  An,'    .  t  Imported    Orchids,    from    M 

THURSDA-i,        Auu.  4-j      gander,  at  Stevens' Rooms. 

FRIDAY, 


The  Roval        ^  LETTER  addressed  by  Professor 
Horticultural      F0.STER   to  the  President  of  the 
Society.  Koyal  Horticultural    Society,  and 

circulated  by  permission  among  the  Fellows, 
demands  attention  by  reason  of  the  views 
to  which  it  gives  utterance,  and  of  the  distin- 
guished position  of  the  writer.  Fortunate  in- 
deed a  Council  may  be  considered  which  numbers 
among  its  members  a  man  who  is  not  only  a 
successful  teacher  of  physiology  in  the  University 
(if  Cambridge,  but  one  who,  by  his  energy  and 
single-heartedness,  has  become  the  recognised 
leader  of  a  school,  and  contributed,  in  an  especial 
degree,  to  the  wonderful  progress  in  scientific 
matters  which  has  taken  place  in  Cam- 
bridge during  the  last  two  decades,  a  pro- 
gress which  in  many  respects  is  not  a  re- 
nascence only  but  a  new  development.  J!e- 
.sides  this,  I'rofessor  Foster  is  .Joint  Secretary  of 
the  Koyal  Society — a  post  demanding  much 
labour  and  more  insight,  with  a  capacity  for 
managing  men  engaged  in  very  various  depart- 
ments of  science.  Professor  Fo.ster's  experience 
of  councils  and  comntittees  of  all  sorts,  therefore, 
is  singularly  large  and  \-aried,  and  on  this  account 
alone  his  views  would  be  worthy  of  attention. 
When  we  add  that  Professor  Fo.ster  is  a  dis- 
tinguished amateur  gardener,  with  a  well-defined 
hobby,  as  intelligently  as  ardently  pursxied,  it  will 
be  seen  that  his  opinions  are  specially  worthy  of 
consideration.  The  letter  has  been  widely  circu- 
lated, and  is  longer  than  we  can  conveniently  give 
space  to.     Nor,  indeed, is  there  any  necessity  why 


we  should  do  so,  because  the  general  principles 
of  policy  which  he  enunciates  are  in  all  essential 
particulars  identical  with  those  which  we  have  en- 
deavoured to  insist  upon  for  many  years — in  season 
and  out  of  season — till  we  have  exposed  ourselves 
to  the  reproach  of  tedious  iteration.  Although  on 
points  of  detail,  there  is  ample  room  for  wide 
differences  of  opinion,  Professor  Foster's  "  no- 
tions of  what  we  want  and  what  we  ought  to 
aim  at  "  will  be  cordially  endorsed,  so  far  as  they 
go,  by  all  horticulturists.  They  are,  of  course, 
incomplete  in  that  they  do  not  fully  express  the 
aspirations  of  those  who  have  visionary  notions 
of  an  ideal  Society,  nor  will  they  meet  the 
requirements  of  all  classes  of  Fellows.  Specially 
they  do  not  sufficiently  enter  into  the  methods 
to  be  adopted  to  revive  an  interest  in  the  Society 
in  the  provinces.  Incompleteness,  however,  is 
a  minor  matter,  as  that  can  be  easily  remedied  ; 
details,  too,  can  Ije  modified  where  desirable.  A\'hat 
we  fail  to  see  in  Professor  Foster's  scheme  is  any 
indication  of  how  all  these  and  other  desirable 
changes  are  to  be  accomplished.  The  existing 
charter  is,  he  admits,  fatal  to  some  of  his  pro- 
posals, and  a  new  one  would  be  essential  if  it  be 
found  that  the  desired  reforms,  or  something 
approaching  them,  cannot  be  carried  on  without 
it.  We  are  inclined  to  think,  however,  that  it 
would  l;e  quite  possible  to  reorganise  the  Society 
without  a  new  charter.  But  the  most  pressing 
necessity  for  the  moment  is  financial.  I'rofessor 
Foster  seems  to  ignore  this,  probably  thinking 
that  once  a  satisfactory  programme  is  arranged, 
money  will  be  forthcoming.  This  m.ay  be  so ;  but 
until  we  have  some  adequate  assurance  that 
there  will  be  funds  enough  to  provide,  at  least, 
for  the  initial  expenses  of  the  scheme,  the  mere 
circulation  of  proposals,  however  excellent,  will 
not  be  of  much  service.  To  us  the  need  of  funds 
seems  one  of  extreme  urgency.  Every  one  now 
seems  agreed  that  it  has  become  necessary  to 
quit  South  Kensington ;  the  Society  is  there  only 
on  sufferance,  and  it  may  be  evicted  at  a  week's 
notice  or  less.  The  Society,  unfortunately,  is  in 
th  :  position  of  an  Irish  pauper-tenant — if  turned 
out  it  has  no  money  to  go  elsewhere.  This  would 
not  be  so  serious  a  matter  if  it  were  only  a  question 
of  office  accommodation,  for  temporary  conve- 
nience could  be  found  for  the  fortnightly 
meetings. 

The  questions  ex'ery  one  is  asking  aie,  "What 
is  to  become  of  the  Trust  Fund  administered  by 
the  Society  ?  AVhat  is  to  become  of  the  pictures 
and  statues  belonging  to  the  Society  ? — for  it  has 
both  ;  and,  ^^'here  is  it  going  to  house  the  library 
held  in  trust  for  the  Society  first,  and  for  the 
general  public  afterwards  ?  The  separate  in- 
come of  the  Trustees  of  the  library  is  not  suffi- 
cient to  pay  for  any  accommodation  of  this  sort. 
More  serious  than  all,  horticulturally  .speaking, 
are  the  questions — What  is  to  become  of  Chis- 
wick  ?  and,  IIow  are  the  means  to  be  provided 
for  the  fortnightly  shows  ? 

It  were  easy  to  say  what  a  National  Horticul- 
tural Society  should  be,  and  what  it  should  do  ; 
how  itshould  provide  for  all  departments,  whether 
scientific,  practical,  educational  a"'sthetic,  or  re- 
creative ;  what  relation  it  should  ha\'e  to  science, 
what  to  conmierce,  what  to  art,  what  to  mere  re- 
creation, what  it  should  do  in  the  metropolis, 
what  should  he  its  functions  in  the  provinces. 

It  would  not  be  difficult  to  prepare  a 
scheme  of  devolution  whereby  the  work 
of  the  Society  might  be  confided  to  heads 
of  departments,  chairmen  of  committees,  and  a 
general  manager,  with  a  system  of  control  ex- 
ercised by  a  Council  elected  by,  and  in  touch  with, 
the  various  sections  of  the  horticultural  body 
as  no  Council   has  ever  fully  been   within   our 


recollection  ;  but  until  we  can  see  clearly  what 
amount  of  financial  support  the  Society  is  likely 
to  have,  we  fear  that  all  such  discussions  would 
be  of  the  nature  of  academical  dissertations. 

One  thing  is  certain — a  national  Horticul- 
tural Society  is  a  necessity.  Practically  it  is  a 
necessity  if  we  are  to  progress.  The  special 
societies  serve  their  individual  purposes  excel- 
lently well,  but  the  groove  they  each  individually 
move  in,  is  very  restricted;  round  and  round 
they  go,  with  a  slight  excursus  perhaps  in  this 
direction,  a  marked  inflection  in  another,  and  yet 
all  this  time  we  as  a  nation  are  annually  paying 
thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of  pounds  to  the 
foreigner  for  flowers,  fruit,  and  vegetables,  which, 
barring  fiscal  regulations,  might  just  as  well  be 
produced  at  home,  serve  to  pay  our  own  labourers, 
and  yield  a  rent  for  our  sorely  pinched  land- 
owners. 

Scientifically,  it  is  a  necessity  if  we  are  to  avail 
ourselves  of  the  ore  which  our  men  of  science 
at  home  and  abroad  have  brought,  and  are  con- 
tinually bringing,  to  the  pit's  mouth  for  our 
benefit,  and  which  has  a  potency  of  incalculable 
worth  did  we  only  know  how  properly  to  utilise  it. 

yEsthetically  it  is  a  Ijenefit  if  we  are  to  break 
away  from  tasteless  carpet  beds,  ribbon  borders, 
Covent  Garden  bouquets,  and  "  floral  designs  " — ■ 
Heaven  help  us  !  and  adopt  methods  consonant 
with  good  taste,  and  marked  by  the  beauty  of 
appropriateness. 

Socially — but  we  are  verging  too  closely  upon 
the  academical  dissertation !  In  the  meantime  it 
is  something  to  know  what  we  want,  and  we 
thanlc  Professor  Fosier  for  reiterating  that. 


MysTACIDIUM    FILICORNE.— By   the   aid    of    a 

photograph  taken  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  W.  Tuck,  of 
Graham's  Town,  South  Africa,  we  are  pleased  to  be 
able  to  give  an  illustration  (fig.  3.3)  of  this  beautiful 
epiphytal  Orchid,  which  hitherto  we  have  not  met 
with  in  cultivation.  Of  it  Mr.  Tdck  says: — "The 
plant  of  which  I  send  photograph  is  growing  on  an 
Olive  wood  post  exposed  to  the  morning  sun,  but 
shaded  from  the  mid-day  sun  by  a  piece  of  plank, 
and  from  tlie  afternoon  sun  by  the  iron  fence  ;  and 
here  it  flowers  magnificently.  One  of  the  pieces 
which  I  took  last  January  for  Professor  MacOwan, 
of  Cape  Town  Botanic  Gardens,  to  see,  had  at  least 
sixty  of  its  racemes  of  ciiarming  white  and  fragrant 
flowers,  and  was  a  fine  sample  of  what  a  beau- 
tiful object  it  can  be.  It  flowers  here  about 
the  end  of  the  old  and  beginning  of  the  new 
year,  and  if  it  would  flower  in  England  at  the  same 
time,  it  would  be  invaluable  for  personal  adornment 
at  the  festive  season.  In  tlie  district  where  it 
grows  wild  it  is  found  very  sparingly  scattered  on 
Euphorbias,  often  fully  exposed  to  wind,  rain,  and 
I  may  say,  slight  frost  at  times.  On  blocks,  or  in 
baskets,  in  any  ordinary  greenhouse,  I  should  say  it 
could  be  easily  grown  in  England."  The  genus 
Mystacidium  difTers  from  Angra!cum  and  Aeranthus 
by  some  particulars,  and  especially  in  the  spur.  The 
best  of  the  three  species  is  the  one  under  notice,  the 
others  being  smaller  in  leaf  and  flower.  M.  pusillum 
is  like  a  very  small  form  of  M.  filicorne,  and  M. 
gracile,  an  almost  leafless  kind,  with  flowers  inter- 
mediate between  the  other  two. 

The    Late   Thomas   Moore.— a   memorial: 

stone  has  been  erected  in  Bronijiton  Cemetery  to  the- 
memory  of  this  indefatigable  worker  in  and  for  horti- 
culture. It  is  of  marble,  with  an  appropriate  device 
of  Ferns  and  Stangeria.  The  inscription  runs- 
thus ; — 

"  To  the  memory  of  Thomas  Moore,  F.L.S.,  for 
thirty-eight  years  Curator  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  of 
the  Society  of  Apothecaries  at  Chelsea,  who  died 
January  1,  1887,  aged  sixty-five  years.  In  testimony 
of  their  appreciation  of  a  career  unselfishly  devotei 
to  the  promotion  of  botany  and  horticulture,  especially 


Jdly  30,  1887.] 


THE     GABBENEBS'     CliliONICLE. 


135 


to  the  investigation  ami  classification  of  Ferns,  as 
^oll  as  in  grateful  remembrance  of  his  sterling 
(jualities  as  a  friend  and  a  colleague,  this  memorial 
has  been  erected  by  a  few  of  his  fellow-workers." 

Those  friends  of  Mr.  Moore  who  are  desirous  of 
sharing  in  this  tribute,  and  who  have  not  yet  sent 
their  contributions,  are  requested  to  do  so  immedi- 


London,  and  the  attendance  of  visitors' of  all  classes 
and  ages  was  verj'  large  ;  in  fact  the  rush  for  ad- 
mittance to  the  exhibition  was  so  great  that  the  turn- 
stiles were  broken  down  when  about  15,000  people  had 
passed  in.  Children,  especially,  appeared  to  appre- 
ciate the  floral  feast,  which  they  obtained  at  a  cost  of 
Ir'.,  while  adults  paid  %1.    Of  all  the  miscellaneous 


Co.  had  some  tastefully  arranged  baskets  of  Gail- 
lardias.  Sweet  Sultan,  &c.,  and  also  presented  a  bouquet 
to  H.K.II.the  Crown  Princess  of  Gerriany,  who  visited 
the  show  on  Jlonday.  Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High 
Holborn,  London,  contributed  to  the  display  a  large 
gi'oup  of  hardy  annuals  and  a  few  other  plants. 
Arrangements   were   made  for  a  little  competition 


Fig.  33.-511- 


(see  p.  131.) 


ately,  eitlier  to  Jlr.  Harry  J.  Veitch,  King's  Road, 
Chelsea ;  or  to  Dr.  Masters,  at  the  office  of  this 
journal. 

The  People's  Palace.— The  dwellers  in  the 

East  End  of  London  had  a  ray  of  sunshine  in  the  shape 
of  a  Hower-show  during  the  past  week,  the  man- 
agers of  the  new  People's  Palace  having  made  arrange- 
ments for  the  holding  of  one  in  the  ground  attached 
to  the  hall  latelv  opened  by  the  Qcees.  The  show 
was  purely  a  philanthropic  display  of  flowers  and 
plants   by   several   of  the    leading    nurserymen    of 


plants  and  flowers  the  Eoses  of  Mr.  '\V.  Ru.iisey, 
AValtham  Cross,  were  admired  as  much  as  any,  if  not 
more,  and  truly  he  had  a  taking  arrangement  of 
blooms  in  boxes  and  baskets  tastefully  set  out  with 
Fei-ns.  Mr.  B.  S.  'Williams,  Upper  Holloway,  showed 
the  largest  quantity,  staging  a  general  lot  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants.  Mr.  H.  B.  May,  Upper  Edmonton, 
contributed  Ferns,  and  tuberous  Begonias  came  from 
Messrs.  J.  Laing  &  Co.,  Forest  Hill.  Messrs.  Barr  & 
Son,  Covent  Garden  ;  Hooper,  Covent  Garden  ;  and 
Ware,  Tottenham,  were  each  exhibitors  of  collections 
of  cut  flowers  of  herbaceous  plants.  Messrs.  Hoopek  Sc 


amongst  local  amateurs ;  some  of  the  efforts  were 
poor,  speaking  from  a  horticultural  point  of  view, 
but  evidenced  all  the  more  how  much  pleasure  is  to 
be  derived  from  the  cultivation  of  flowers,  even  under 
the  adverse  conditions  of  this  quarter  of  London.  Mr. 
E.  Rivers,  gardener  to  '\V.  B.  Bryan,  Esq.,'Waterworks, 
Old  Ford,  showed  the  best  in  this  division ;  and  Rev. 
A.  Vf.  Chubd,  St.  Thomas'  Vicarage,  Stepney,  con- 
tributed some  good  plants.  Such  exhibitions  as 
these  are  likely  to  stimulate  the  efforts  of  local 
amateurs,  and  should  be  encouraged.  Mr.  Earley 
was  the  manager  of  the  show. 


13G 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  30,  1S87. 


Phylloxera  Laws.— The  foUowiag  has  been 
sent  to  us  for  publication  : — 

"  Foreign  Office,  July  22,  1887. 
"  Sir, — 1  am  directed  by  the  Secretary  of  State  for 
Foreign  Aft'airs  to  transmit  to  you,  to  be  laid  before 
the  Director,  the  accompanying  copy  of  a  French 
Decree  as  marked  in  the  margin,  prohibiting  the  im- 
portation of  flowers,  fruits,  and  vegetables  from  Italy. 
A  copy  has  also  been  sent  to  the  Board  of  Trade.  I 
ara,  &c., 

(Signed)  "  James  Feeousson. 

"The  Assistant-Director,  Koyal  Gaidens, Kew." 
(Copy). 

"  Journal  Official,  20  Jnillet,  1887. 
**  Le  President  de  la  Republique  Fran9aise,  sur 
le  rapport  du  Ministre  de  I'Agriculture. 
"  Vu  I'existence  du  Phylloxera  officiellement  con- 
statee  sur  divers  points  de  ITtalie,  et  notamment 
dans  les  provinces  septentrionales  de  ce  pays ;  con- 
siderant  qn'il  importe  de  conjurer  par  tons  Us 
moyens  possibles  I'exteusion  de  cc  fleau  dans  nos 
dep.artements  limitrophe?-^ 

"  Decre/e. 
"Art.  ler. — Est  jirohibfe  I'imiJoitation  par  tons 
les  Bureaux  de  Douane  Fran9ais  des  plants,  des 
ileurs  coupees  et  en  pots,  des  fruits,  des  legumes 
frais  et  en  general  de  tons  les  produits  horticoles  et 
maraichers  de  provenance  Italienne. 

"  Art.  2. — Les  jMinistres  de  I'Agriculture  et  dos 
Finances  sont  charges,  chacun  en  ce  qui  le  con- 
cerne,  de  lexecution  du  present  decret. 

"  Fait  a  Paris,  le  16  Juillet,  1887. 

"  Jules  Ghevy. 
"Parle  President  de  la  Republique  :  Le  Ministre 
de  I'Agi'iculture,  "  P.  Barde." 

Flower  Show  at  Peel  Park.— The  sixth 
floral,  horticultural,  and  cottage  window  gardening 
exhibition,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Museum. 
Libraries,  and  Parks  Committee  of  the  Salford 
Corporation,  was  held  in  Peel  Park,  Manchester. 
The  exhibits  were  arranged  in  a  large  marquee 
in  three  classes.  In  tiie  first  class  were  included 
stove  plants,  gi-eenhouse  plants,  nurserymen's  and 
gentlemen's  gardeners'  specimens,  fruit  and  vege- 
table ;  class  2  was  set  apart  for  cottages  with 
greenhouses,  and  class  3  for  cottage  windows.  Tlie 
show,  taken  as  a  whole,  was  an  excellent  one.  The 
exhibits  in  the  gardeners'  classes  were  very  meri- 
torious, and  so  also  were  the  cottagers'  exhibits 
There  were  some  choice  collections  shown  not  for 
competition ;  amongst  these  were  the  displays  of 
Mr.  T.  Agnew,  Mr.  S.  Armitage,  Mr.  B.  Armitage, 
Mr.  Harwood,  and  Mrs.  Agnew.  The  Ferns,  Pelar- 
goniums, and  Cockscombs  in  the  cottagers'  division 
were  very  commendable.  There  were  some  vei-y  nice 
hand  bouquets  and  spr.ays  for  ladies  ;  and  a  large 
collection  of  honey  in  various  stages,  shown  by  Mr. 
yy.  Wright,  of  Partington,  Cheshire,  attracted  a 
good  deal  of  attention.  The  leading  local  nursery- 
nun  were  represented  by  some  interesting  collections. 

The  Gardeners'  Orphan  Fund.— We  believe 
Messrs.  Jajies  Caktek  &  Co.  were  the  first  actual 
subscribers  to  this  fund.  We  hope  there  will  be  a 
brisk  and  continuous  competition  to  be  the  last  on 
the  list.  At  a  well  attended  meeting  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee,  held  on  Monday  last  in  Messrs. 
Weeks  &  Co.'s  office.  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W., 
Mr.  G.  Deal  was  elected  Chairman  of  the  committee, 
and  a  sub-committee  was  appointed  for  the  purpose 
of  nominating  Local  Secretaries,  and  to  take  steps 
to  tlie  election  of  the  same.  Donations  and  sub- 
scrijrtions  to  the  amount  of  £1020  were  announced. 
We  understand  that  there  has  already  been  received 
one  application  for  n-lief  from  the  Fund. 

Crossed  Wheats.— Messrs.  Carter  &  Co. 
are  pursuing  their  veiy  interesting  experiments  in 
crossing  diflS-rent  varieties  of  Wheat  at  their  nurseiy 
at  Perry  Vale,  Forest  Hill.  The  great  aims  are  to 
secure  varieties  of  Wlieat  specially  suitable  to  par- 
ticular conditions  of  soil  and  climate.  One  of  their 
vai-ieties,  a  cross  between  Talavera  and  Royal  Prize 
Red,  is  earlier  to  ripen  by  eight  or  ten  days  than 
any  variety  previously  known.  The  importance  of 
thi.>i  in  such  a  climate  as  ours  is  easilv  estimated. 


Some  of  the  ears  of  tliis  variety  measured  S  inches 
in  length,  with  the  spikelets  loosely  arranged  as  in 
the  Talavera.  The  varieties  difl'er  in  size  and  shape 
of  ear,  smoothness  or  wooUiness  of  chaff,  the  presence 
or  absence  of  beard,  and  numerous  other  points 
mentioned  in  our  note  of  last  year.  One  of  the 
plants  we  noticed  this  year,  the  produce  of  a  single 
grain,  has  yielded  sixty  stalks,  each  witli  an  ear  at 
the  top  measuring  on  the  average  6J  inches  in  length. 
These  experiments  are  of  great  interest  botanically, 
and  are  especially  valuable  from  a  practical  point  of 
view. 

Flowers  in  Season.— Statice  Suwarovii.— This 

is  in  full  bloom  on  the  Kew  rockery,  where  its  curiously 
twisted  spikes  of  pale  lilac  flowers  are  strangely  effec- 
tive. We  are  sorry  it  should  be  necessary  to  restrain 
these  eccentric  plants  by  a  stake.  They  d  o  so  enjoy 
their  freedom,  and  look  so  miserable  tied  up  to  a  neat 
garden  stick  supplied  by  the  horticultural  sundries- 
man. 

Auhrktia  dcHoidca  var.  Leichtlinii. — A  very  pretty 
variety  is  now  in  bloom  on  the  Kew  rockery. 
Instead  of  the  usual  lilac  flowers,  in  this  variety  they 
are  of  a  clear  magenta  colour, 

Castil/ela  indivisa. — A  few  plants  of  this  brilliant 
perennial  may  now  be  seen  on  the  Kew  rockery. 
Nothing  can  be  more  brilliant  than  the  colour  of  the 
bracts  of  this  plant.  We  had  fancied  it  a  parasite 
on  the  roots  of  other  plants,  but  if  so  Jlr.  Dewar 
knows  how  to  break  it  of  its  bad  habits,  and  make  it 
gi'ow  as  an  independent  citizen. 

W/iitc  Lancnder. — The  reader  will  do  well  not  to 
get  this  unless  he  is  a  connoisseur  in  out-of-the-way 
things.  Most  people  would  prefer  the  ordinary  kind, 
but  those  on  the  look-out  for  curiosities  may  like  to 
know  that  it  is  in  bloom  at  Kew  just  now. 

Miraliilis  nmltifiora. — A  hardy  perennial,  of  some- 
what prostrate  shrubby  habit,  with  glaucous  cordate 
leaves,  and  large  rosy-lilac  flowers.  It  is  very  efiTec- 
tive  and  beautiful,  and  may  be  seen  just  now  in  the 
herbaceous  ground  at  Kew. 

Hypericum  repiuns. — This  is  a  very  pretty  species, 
fit  for  covering  rockwork.  Its  neat  habit,  closely  ap- 
pressed  branches,  and  relatively  large  yellow  floweis 
render  it  very  attractive. 

National  Carnation  and  Picotee  Society 

(Northern  Section).— The  annual  exhibition  will 
take  place  in  the  Exiiibition  Palace,  Manchester,  on 
Friday,  August  5.  The  general  impression  appears  to 
be  th.at  there  will  be  a  good  exhibition,  the  drought 
and  hot  weather  notwithstanding.  The  annual  ex- 
hibition of  the  Oxford  Carration  and  Picotee  Union 
takes  place  in  Mr.  E.  S.  Dodwell's  garden,  on 
Tuesday  next  August  2. 

"  HORTUS  BelGICUS."— Under  the  title  odndc.r 
Bihlioyraphique  de  I'Hortus  Belt^icus  the  Federation  of 
the  Belgian  Horticultural  Societies  (an  institution 
to  which  we  have  nothing  comparable)  has  published 
a  catalogue  of  the  ornamental  plants  which  have 
been  described,  figured  or  introduced  into  Belgium 
from  1830  to  1880.  The  list  was  dra\vn  up  by  the 
late  Professor  Moeren  and  M.  A.  de  Vos.  The 
name  of  each  plant  is  given,  its  native  country,  or 
source  if  a  garden  variety,  the  year  of  its  introduc- 
tion, the  name  of  the  importer  or  raiser,  and  the 
publication  in  which  the  plant  was  figured  or  described 
for  the  first  time.  The  value  of  such  a  catalogue  for 
horticultural  purposes  cannot  be  over-estimated,  and 
as  most  of  the  plants  are  of  course  equally  common 
in  British  gardens  this  catalogue  will  be  of  value 
here  also,  even  though  the  bibliographical  references 
are  confined  to  Belgian  publications. 

Petunias.— There  is  a  fine  di.splay  of  these  at 
Messrs.  Carter's  nurseiy  just  now.  Their  Queen 
of  Roses  is  a  beautiful  single  variety,  of  a  lovely 
shade  of  pink;  others  have  a  rich  pencilling  in  the 
throat,  or  lacing  of  gi'cen,  while  the  semi  and  double 
varieties  have  outer  guard  corolla  of  one  colour,  the 
inner  petals  of  another.  Messrs.  Cauter  find  Petu- 
nias excellently  adapted  for  bedding  in  this  dry 
season,  one  bed  that  we  saw  being  in  full  beauty. 


though  we  were  assured  it  had  had  no  artificial 
watering  for  several  weeks. 

Newton's    Patent    Glazing. —  On   several 

occasions  recently,  a  form  of  glazing  the  fixed  roofs 
of  glasshouses  has  been  shown  at  the  Royal  Hor- 
ticultural Society's  meetings  at  South  Kensington, 
which  has  many  good  points  to  recommend  if 
The  bars,  of  iron,  either  galvanised  or  black,  are 
punched  at  any  desired  distance  with  holes  to  hold  a 
double  clip,  by  which  means  the  glass  is  kept  in 
position;  a  bedding  of  putty  may  be  used  or  not  — 
the  glass  is  quite  tight  without  it  ;  and  as  a  layer  of 
water  is  always  found  in  the  small  interstices  be- 
tween the  glass  and  the  iron,  it  is  wind-proof  and 
smoke-proof ;  the  laps  fit  closely ;  there  is  no  cap- 
ping ;  the  glass  cannot  slip  ;  and  provision  is  made 
for  expansion.  A  great  advantage  is,  that  the 
rafters  can  be  bent  to  any  form,  so  that  a  span-roof 
rafter  can  be  made  of  one  piece  of  iron  by  being 
simply  bent  at  the  ridge,  and.  if  side-light  be  wanted, 
at  the  angle  of  roof  and  side,  the  ends  of  the  rafter 
being  embedded  in  the  wall.  It  seems  to  be  rea,-> 
sonable  in  cost. 

Technical  Education.— There  is  no  question 

whatever  that  the  great  advances  which  the  Germans 
are  making  in  commercial  matters  is  in  large 
measure  due  to  their  superior  scientific  and  technical 
education.  For  one  thing,  the  elaborate  treatises  on 
the  structure  and  appearances  of  agricultural  and 
garden  seeds  have  no  parallel  in  this  country. 
We  allude  to  the  matter  specially  now,  as  we  have 
before  us  a  report  of  a  law  case  in  which  it  is  stated 
that  some  seed  sown  as  Turnip  seed  eventually  pro- 
duced "something  like  a  small  berry  tree."  [!]  It  was 
further  contended  that  Turnip  seed  often  "  turned 
into  what  were  called  runners."  Further  on  in  the 
case,  certain  farmers  and  seed  growers  alleged  that 
"  they  could  not  tell  what  sort  of  plants  they  could 
possibly  be,  some  of  them  thinking  they  might  be  a 
kind  of  wild  Cabbage."  All  this  reveals  an  amount 
of  ignorance  of  the  details  of  their  own  business 
which  is  astounding  among  a  so-called  practical 
people. 

"  New  Commercial  Plants  and  Drugs." — 

Mr.  Christy's  pamphlets,  issued  under  this  heading, 
always  contain  much  interesting  matter,  and  the 
present  one  is  like  its  predecessors.  It  points  out 
some  of  the  shortcomings  of  the  Indo-Colonial  Ex- 
hibition, so  far  as  regards  the  scientific  investigation 
of  the  products  exhibited,  and  insists  on  the  par- 
amount necessity  of  improved  education  if  we  are  to 
survive  in  the  competition  of  commerce  and  industry. 
Alluding  to  the  Imperial  Institute  and  its  pro- 
gramme, Mr.  Cheisty  says,  "  The  watchword  must 
be  science  and  commerce,  not  bricks  and  mortar  and 
place-hunting."  Special  attention  is  given  in  the 
present  part  to  the  botanical  history  of  Strophan- 
thus,  a  plant,  or  plants,  yielding  a  drug  of  much 
potency  in  some  forms  of  heart  disease,  alleviating, 
if  it  cannot  cure,  the  disease.  Several  species  are 
mentioned,  and  illustrations  given  of  them,  but  we 
find  no  mention  of  the  S.  Bullenianus  described  and 
figured  in  our  columns,  from  specimens  flowered  by- 
Mr.  Bcllf.n  in  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden  in  1870. 
A  feature  of  the  present  issue  is  supidied  by  Mr. 
Lewis  Castle,  who  furnishes  useful  hints  on  the 
culture  of  some  officinal  plants. 

The   Flora  of  West  Yorkshire.— Lender 

the  auspices  of  the  Yorkshire  Naturalists'  Union, 
Mr.  F.  A.  Lees  is  about  to  publish  a  Flora  of  West 
Yorkshire,  comprising,  with  a  coloured  map,  details 
concerning  the  climate,  soil,  and  vegetation  of  the  dis- 
trict, treated  with  a  completeness  not  previously 
aimed  at.  The  work  as  a  whole  has  been  modelled 
upon  Mr.  Baker's  Flora  of  North  Yorkshire. 

The  Horticultural  Club.  —  The  annu.at 
excursion  was  held  on  Wednesday,  when  a  party, 
including  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T.  Boscawen,  Mr. 
Shirley  Hibberd,  Mr.  Harrison  Weir,  Mr.  J.  Lee, 
the  Secretary,  Rev.  H.  H.  D'Ombrain,  and  many 
others,  including  several  ladies,  visited  Bridge  and 


Jm-T  30.  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CBRONICLE. 


137 


Penshurst.  Redlcaf  had,  unfortunately,  to  be  left 
unvisited,  from  want  of  time.  Lord  Abergavenny's 
courtesy  was  warmly  appreciated,  while  it  is  needless 
to  say  that  a  fellow  feeling  existed  between  Mr. 
Eust  and  Mr.  Bridger  and  their  respective  visitors. 
The  party  returned  to  town  in  the  evening,  delighted 
with  their  outing. 

The  Cultivation  of  Prunes  in  Servia.— 

Prunes  form  one  of  the  principal  exports  of  Servia, 
and  in  1885  amounted  to  about  2.3,228,777  kilos,  of 
the  value  of  £231,000.  A  recent  report  on  this  trade 
states  that  it  is  reckoned  that  one-third  of  this  pro- 
duce is  exported  direct  to  Germany  via  Regensburg, 
one-third  direct  to  America  via  Fiume,  and  one- 
third  to  Pesth,  from  which  latter  place  Prunes  are 
sent  to  the  various  European  markets.  The  increase 
in  the  exportation  of  Prunes  to  North  America  via 
Fiume  should  be  particularly  noticed.  Fiume  is 
more  advantageously  situated  than  Trieste  for  this 
purpose.  From  the  beginning  of  the  season  no 
less  than  400  complete  waggonloads  were  ex- 
ported by  sea,  and  chiefly  to  North  America. 
The  Prune  harvest  for  1886  yielded  in  Bosnia  more 
than  a  third  of  the  harvest  of  the  previous  year,  and 
can  be  reckoned  at  about  17,000,000  kilogs.  Of 
this  sum-total  more  than  three-fourths  were  exported, 
the  quality  was  of  a  very  satisfactory  nature,  the 
product  being  healthy,  well  dried,  considerable  in 
quantity,  and  of  a  durable  nature.  In  1885  a  direct 
trade  with  Great  Britain  in  Prunes  was  established, 
and  it  promises  to  attain  considerable  proportions  in 
the  future.  Prunes  are  consumed  in  enormous 
quantities  in  Germany,  and  it  is  to  that  country  that 
the  great  bulk  is  exported.  In  England  Prunes  are 
considered  more  as  an  articleof  luxury,  and  the  French 
*'  Prunes  Imp^riales,"  as  sold  in  the  English  market, 
are  the  favourites,  although  perhaps  the  Servian 
Prunes,  generally  somewhat  smaller  than  the  French 
Plum,  possess  if  anything  at  all.  a  finer  flavour  and 
can  certainly  be  sold  at  a  very  much  cheaper  late 
than  that  at  present  demanded  for  the  French  pro- 
duction. The  real  reason  is,  probably,  that  as  Prunes 
are  more  generally  consumed  amongst  the  richer 
classes  in  England,  the  superior  packing  and  what 
may  be  termed  the  general  making-up  of  these  French 
*'  Prunes  Imperiales,"  render  them  more  attractive  to 
the  eye,  and,  in  spite  of  their  higher  prices,  sell  better. 

Messrs.  John  Laing  &  Co.— The  emploi/a  of 

Messi's.  John  Laing  &  Co.,  of  Forest  Hill,  numbering 
about  eighty,  went  for  their  annual  outing  to  Rams- 
gate  on  Friday,  the  23rd.  The  dinner,  well  served 
at  Grant's  Hotel,  was  presided  over  by  Mr.  Laing, 
supported  by  his  two  sons  and  the  heads  of  tlie 
various  departments.  Afterwards  a  most  enjoyable 
day  was  spent. 


HYBRID    STREPTOCARPUS. 

One  of  the  most  striking  of  "  new  plants  "  intro- 
■duced  of  late  years  is  undoubtedly  Streptocarpus 
Dunnii.  Those  who  have  visited  the  Succulent- 
house  at  Kew  and  seen  the  large,  almost  gigantic, 
crumpled  leaves  crawling,  as  it  were,  on  the  gi'ound 
like  some  Chelonian  or  Lacertian  reptile,  witfi  a 
dense  sheaf  of  large  dull  red  flowers  thrust  up 
above  the  leaf,  will  admit  that  this,  though  not 
a  florist's  plant,  nor  a  market  plant,  nor  one  suitable 
for  a  drawing-room  table,  nor  for  a  buttonhole 
bouquet,  is  nevertheless  very  attractive  in  its  way. 
To  Mr.  Watson,  we  believe,  we  are  indebted  for  the 
happy  thought  of  using  it  as  an  edging  round  the 
centre  bed  of  the  Succulent-house,  where  its  extra- 
ordinary appearance  invariably  attracts  the  atten- 
tion of  the  visitors.  But  Mr.  Watson  has 
gone  a  step  further,  and  with  that  Oliver 
Twist-like  longing  for  more  which  belongs 
to  all  true  gardeners  and  experimentalists,  he 
has  succeeded  in  raising  a  number  of  hybrids  be- 
tween this  comparatively  new  species  and  the  older 
and  better  known  Streptocarpus  Rexii  and  S,  parvi- 
flora.  The  results  are  very  striking,  and  we  can  hardly 
doubt  that  Mr.  Watson  has  set  the  foundation  of  a  new 


race  of  plants,  parallel  in  importance',  to  the  Achi- 
menes  and  Tydajas.  At  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  on  Tuesday  last  two  of  these  plants  received 
First-class  Certificates.  We  think  H.  a  misfortune 
that  a  Botanical  Certificate  was  not  awarded  in  this 
case,  for  an  ordinary  First-class  Certificate  seems  to 
us  to  be  both  an  inadequate  and  inappropriate  means 
of  recognising  the  peculiar  merits  and  promise  of  a 
"  new  departure  "  such  as  this.  Surely  the  develop- 
ment in  this  way  of  an  entirely  new  race  is  worthy 
of  a  higher  recognition  than  is  accorded  to  the  raiser 
of  a  seedling  Dahlia  or  Picotee,  of  .which  there  is  a 
whole  army  corps  in  point  of  numbers  already.  We 
believe  Mr.  Watson's  experiments  are  the  beginnings 
of  a  new  class  of  greenhouse  plants  of  much  beauty 
and  interest.  For  the  description  which  follows  we 
are  indebted  to  Mr.  N.  E.  Brown : — 

"Previously  to  the  advent  of  the  red-flowered 
S.  Dunnii  all  the  species  in  cultivation  had  flowers 
of  various  shades  of  blue,  violet,  or  white,  but  the 
new  hybrids  make  a  pleasing  and  striking  departure 
from  this  condition  of  things.  S.  KewensisX  is 
the  result  of  fertilising  S.  Rexii  with  the  pollen 
of  S.  Dunnii.  It  has  two  or  three  large  oblong 
or  elongate-ovate  bright  green  leaves,  which,  how- 
ever, do  not  attain  such  large  dimensions  as  in 
S.  Dunnii ;  the  flower-stems  are  numerous,  and  six 
to  eight  flowered,  forming  a  tolerably  compact  mass 
of  flowers ;  the  corolla  is  about  2  inches  long  and 
1^ — 1^^  inch  in  diameter,  of  a  bright  mauve-purple, 
striped  with  dark  brownish-purple  in  the  throat. 
S.  Watsoni  X  is  a  hybrid  derived  from  S.  parviflora, 
fertilised  by  the  pollen  of  S.  Dunnii  ;  the 
single  leaf  is  similar  to  but  rather  smaller  than 
that  of  S.  KewensisX.  It  is  exceedingly  floriferous, 
having  numerous  flower-stems,  bearing  ten  to  six- 
teen flowers,  about  1|  inch  long,  and  1  inch  in  dia- 
meter, of  a  bright  rose-purple  with  a  white  throat 
striped  with  brownisli-purple.  Both  these  hybrids 
have  the  peduncles  arising  closely  one  in  front  of 
another,  so  that  the  flowers  are  all  grouped  in  a  com- 
pact and  handsome  mass,  which  is  very  effective,  and 
quite  distinct  in  character  from  all  except  their 
parent  S.  Dunnii.  Great  credit  is  due  to  Mr.  Watson 
for  the  prompt  way  in  wliich  he  utilised  S.  Dunnii 
for  hybridising,  and  it  will  be  well  to  continue  the 
experiments,  for  the  results  he  has  already  obtained, 
beautiful  as  they  are,  are  probably  but  the  fore- 
runners of  a  new  aud  distinct  class  of  Streptocarpus, 
which  will  perhaps  have  as  fine  a  range  of  colour  as 
Gloxinias  have.  By  the  way,  has  hybridising  between 
Streptocarpus  and  Gloxinia  ever  been  tried  ?  If  not, 
the  suggestion  is  worthy  of  a  trial,  and  if  successful 
the  fee  should  be  twenty  guineas  for  the  hint. 

"  Besides  the  above,  Mr.  Watson  has  also  raised 
two  other  hybrids,  obtained  from  S.  Rexii  fertilised 
with  the  pollen  of  S.  parviflorus,  which  also  are  im- 
provements upon  the  parent  species.  '  White 
Pet  '  has  several  oblong  leaves,  5 — 7  inches  long, 
by  2 — 3  inches  broad,  and  numerous  flower-stems 
4  —  6  inches  high,  bearing  two  to  five  flowers, 
about  1^  inch  long  and  1  inch  in  diameter,  white, 
with  a  broad  sulphur-yellow  median  stripe,  and  five 
to  seven  short  pale  violaceous  stripes  around  it,  in 
the  throat  on  the  lower  side.  Another  has  several 
oblong  leaves,  6 — 11  inches  long  by  2 — 3  inches 
broad,  and  numerous  flower-stems  6 — 9  inches  long, 
bearing  six  to  nine  flowers,  l.|  inch  long  and 
1  inch  in  diameter,  of  a  light  blue,  marked  on  the 
lower  side  of  the  throat  with  seven  dark  purple- 
violet  stripes,  the  space  on  either  side  of  the  central 
stripe  being  sulphur-yellow.  Both  are  showy,  free- 
flowering  plants,  and  although  surpassed  in  beauty 
by  those  above  named,  are  very  desirable  additions  to 
this  class  of  plants." 


the  present  hot  weather  the  vineries  containing  ripe 
and  ripening  Grapes  should  have  the  pathways  and 
surface  of  the  boi  ders  damped  over  witli  the  syringe 
about  11  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  again  at  1  and 
half-past  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  so  as  to  render 
the  atmosphere  more  congenial  to  the  requirements 
of  the  plants. 

Jlfc/oiM.— Complete  the  earthing-up  of  late  plantings, 
and  in  doing  so  let  the  soil  be  trodden  or  rammed 
firmly  down  all  over  the  surface  of  the  bed.  The 
stopping,  thinning,  and  tying  of  the  shoots  to  the 
trellis  are  items  of  culture  requiring  frequent  atten- 
tion. As  the  plants  come  into  flower  a  drier  and 
airier  atmosphere  should  be  maintained  until  the 
fruit  is  set,  after  which  these  conditions  should  be 
reversed,  and  as  soon  as  the  fruit  begins  to  swell  the 
necessary  number  of  the  best-shaped  should  be 
selected,  picking  ofi"the  superfluous  fruits  forthwith, 
and  distributing  those  left  to  swell  regularly  over  the 
plants.  Plants  growing  in  pots  and  boxes  should 
have  copious  and  frequent  supplies  of  weak  liquid 
manure  given  them  at  the  roots,  otherwise  the  fniits 
will  not  attain  to  "  pi-esentable  dimensions."  Put  a 
little  air  on  about  half-past  7  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  and  gradually  add  to  the  quantity 
given  as  the  power  of  the  sun  increases.  Shut 
up  about  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  with  plenty  of 
atmospheric  moisture  on  bright  days,  damping  the 
plants  and  house  generally  again  before  dark.  Houses 
in  which  the  plants  are  iii  flower  should  have  a  little 
air  afforded  them  all  night,  and  those  containing 
ripe  and  ripening  fruit  should  be  ventilated  freely 
dav  and  niglit.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longfurd  Castle. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


Vines. — These  in  every  stage  of  growth  should  be 
amply  supplied  with  water  at  the  roots.  In  short. 
Vines,  from  the  time  they  start  into  growth  until 
they  have  shed  their  leaves,  should  never  be  allowed 
to  get  really  dry  at  the  roots,  and  after  the  fall  of 
the  leaf  they  should  only  be  allowed  to  become 
moderately  so,  but  always  inclining  to  the  moist 
side,  which  is  but  their  natural  condition.  Vines 
cropped  lightly  rather  than  otherwise  and  kept  well 
supplied  with  moisture,  and  a  free  circulation  of 
fresh  air  maintained  from  the  time  the  berries  begin 
to  colour,  are  sure  to  finish  their  crops  well.   During 


The  Kitchen  Garden. 


AVinteh  Spinach.  —  The  sowings  for  this  crop 
should  be  made,  according  to  locality,  from  the 
first  to  the  third  week  in  August.  The  best  situa- 
tion is  an  open  one,  facing  south,  sheltered  from 
cutting  winds,  and  well  drained.  A  soil  that  was 
manured  for  a  previous  crop  is  to  be  preferred  ;  the 
surface  should  be  well  broken  and  worked,  aud  after- 
wards formed  into  ridges  from  20  inches  to  2  feet 
apart.  In  a  few  days,  when  the  soil  has  become  firm, 
drills  1  inch  deep  'should  be  drawn  on  the  surlace 
of  the  ridges,  and  the  seed  sown  thinly,  and  covering 
lightly  with  fine  soil,  the  soil  being  then  rolled 
or  beaten  to  consolidate  it.  The  young  plants  should 
be  thinned  as  soon  as  large  enough  to  handle — 
roughly  at  first,  and  finally  to  a  distance  of  6  inches 
from  plant  to  plant.  After-treatment  will  consist 
of  keeping  the  ground  stirred  between  the  rows,  and 
the  application  during  the  earlier  stages  of  growth 
of  occasional  light  top-dressings  of  lime  and  soot. 

Parsley.— 1(  the  crop  is  likely  to  be  short  no  time 
should  be  lost  in  transplanting  strong  plants  from 
the  earliest  sowings  to  convenient  borders,  where 
frames  can  be  readily  placed  over  them,  or  some 
protection  afforded  during  winter.  Now  also  would 
be  a  good  time  to  establish  some  Parsley  in  well- 
drained  pots  or  boxes;  these  after  being  planted 
could  stand  for  a  time  in  some  cool  shady  position, 
and  be  attended  to  with  water,  and  on  the  approach 
of  frost  removed  into  some  cool  pit  or  house,  to  be 
kept  in  reserve. 

General  jror/i:.— Examine  recently  planted  plots 
of  Cabbage,  Broccoli,  Sprouts,  and  the  like,  and  make 
good  all  vacancies,  and  finish  the  planting  out  of  late 
Celery,  Leeks,  and  Broccoli.  Keep  the  surface  soil 
amongst  all  growing  crops  open  by  constant  applica- 
tion of  the  hoe.  Watering  during  the  present  hot 
weather  will  require  constant  attention,  and  to  give 
good  results  it  must  be  done  thoroughly.  Such  sub- 
jects as  Cauliflowers,  Peas,  Beans,  Lettuce,  and  all 
salading  must  have  copious  supplies  of  water  afforded 
them.  John  Austen,  Witley  Court. 


Sowing  Auricula  Seed,— The  seeds  for  this 
season  are  now  ripe,  and  it  is  best,  if  plants  are 
wanted  as  quickly  as  possible,  to  sow  at  once.  Those 
who  do  not  already  possess  plants  would  be  anxious 
to  see  the  seedlings  appearing  above  gi-ound,  so 
that  they  might  take  an  interest  in  their  further 
development.  The  seeds  speedily  vegetate  in  a 
frame  or  hand-light  on  the  north  side  of  a  wall. 
The  seed  pots  must  on  no  account  be  placed  where 
the  sun  would  shine  directly  upon  them  ;  for  it 
might  destroy  the  embryo  in  the  process  of  germi- 
nation. J.  Douglas. 


138 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JcLT  30,  1887. 


MESSRS.  R.  VEITCH  &  SON'S 
ROCKWORK  AT  LAURISTON  HALL, 
TORQUAY. 

The  illustration  (fig.  35,  p.  139)  shows  a  portion  of 
the  rockwork  recently  erected,  under  the  direction  of 
Messrs.  Robert  Veitch  &  Son  of  Exeter,  at  Lauristou 
Hall,  Torquiiy,  Devon. 

Like  many  other  dwellings  in  this  charming  water- 
ing-place, Lauriston  Hall  stands  on  a  lofty  eminence, 
commanding  an  e.xcellent  view  of  pictures(iue  Torbay 
And  the  surrounding  district ;  but  so  steep  is  the 
■approach  that  in  order  to  procure  even  a  small  ex- 
jmnse  of  lawn  with  flower-beds,  &c.,  it  was  necessary 
to  have  recourse  to  artificial  supports  in  the  shape  of 
strong  walls  and  high  arches.  The  "  plateau  "  thus 
produced  may  be  said  to  resemble  (in  priucple  of  con- 
struction at  least),  tlie  celebrated  "  hanging  gardens 
■of  Semiramis,"  on  a  small  scale. 

The  supporting  arches,  ten  in  number,  form  a  kind 
■of  open  elevated  cellar,  which  although  connected 
"with  the  pleasure  grounds  by  means  of  steps),  had 
for  years  been  utilised  as  a  rough  warehouse  for 
•storing  pots,  sticks,  &c.,  until  recently  the  happy  idea 
of  transforming  the  whole  into  a  rockwork  with  a 
:series  of  grottoes,  caves,  &c.,  was  suggested  and  suc- 
cessfully carried  out  by  Messrs.  Veitch  &  Son, 
Exeter. 

It  was  not  altogether  an  easy  task  to  deprive  the 
arches  and  other  masonry  of  their  regular  and 
formal  appearance,  but  this  has  been  effectually 
■accomplished  nevertheless.  A  covered  prome- 
nade in  front  of  tlie  inner  arches  has  been 
transformed  into  a  charmiug  rockwork,  winding  in 
and  out  among  projecting  rocks  of  great  variety, 
covered  with  numerous  alpines.  Ferns  and  climbers 
of  every  description,  whilst  in  tlie  background  the 
Jirches  themselves  are  made  to  resemble  more 
massive  pictures  of  perfectly  natural  appearance. 
The  two  central  arches  (being  too  dark  for  the  cul- 
tivation of  plants)  have  been  united  into  a  spacious 
tavern,  studded  with  numerous  fantastic  groups  of 
stalagmites  and  stalactites. 

The  adjoining  arch  on  the  left  forms  a  rugged 
entrance  into  the  cave,  whilst  the  one  to  the  right 
luas  been  treated  in  a  totally  different  manner,  repre- 
senting as  it  were  a  deep  chasm  in  tlie  rock,  from 
which  emerges  a  dripping  waterfall. 

The  recesses  of  another  arch  have  been  devoted 
entirely  to  the  cultivation  of  Adiantuni  Capillus- 
Veneris,  Asjilenium  adiantum  nigrum,  A.  tricho- 
manes,  &c.  In  another  portion  of  this  work  a  group 
of  Osmundas  has  been  introduced,  including  Osmunda 
regalis,  O.  regalis  cristata,  O.  cinnamomea,  O.  pal- 
ustris,  &c. 

The  various  groups  though  evidently  arranged  on 
the  principle  that  "  variety  is  charming,"  are  har- 
moniously blended,  and  equally  pleasing  as  a  whole. 
The  plan  of  thus  converting  grim  walls  and  ugly 
brick  arches  into  things  of  beauty  cannot  be  too 
highly  recommended.  The  work  was  designed  and 
superintended  throughout  by  the  landscape  gardener 
of  the  firm,  Mr.  F.  W,  Meyer. 


Home  Correspondence. 


Rose  Earl  of  Dufferin.— I  am  delighted  to 

see  the  good  account  given  in  to-day's  issue  of  tlie 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  on  p.  110,  of  Messrs.  Alexander 
Dickson's  new  H.P.  Earl  of  Duff'erin ;  but  "  Wild 
Rose  "  must  be  under  some  misapprehension  when  he 
alludes  to  H.P.  Prosper  Laugier  (Eug.  'Verdier, 
1883)  as  a  "pure  rose  colour,"  or  as  anything  ap- 
proaching Duchesse  de  Morny  in  tint.  I  took  a  fancy 
to  Prosper  Laugier  directly  it  was  sent  out,  and  in 
addition  to  growing  some  eighty  plants  of  it  in  the 
last  three  years,  I  have  constantly  looked  out  for  it  at 
exhibitions  and  in  nurseries,  and,  therefore,  can 
hardly  think  that  I  have  so  entirely  misapprehended 
its  colour,  which  I  should  describe  as  a  rich  full 
crimson,  but  little  shaded.  Is  it  possible  that  "  Wild 
Rose  "had  in  his  mind's-eyc  Madame  Prosper  Lau- 
gier, sent  out  by  M.  Eug.  'Verdier  in  1875,  and  which 
sometimes,  especially  in  cut-back  plants,  comes  quite 
a  light  rose   colour?      It  was    pointed    out  when 


Prosper  Laugier  was  sent  out  that  the  simiharity  of 
the  name  to  tliat  of  the  earlier  variety  would  pro- 
bably cause  confusion  ;  and  it  has  certainly  done  so 
several  times  before  now.  T,  W.  Girdlcstonc.  [The 
Lictionnaire  des  Hoses  says  that  Prosper  Laugier  is 
red-scarlet  aud  carmine,  and  JIadaine  I'rosper 
Laugier  fine  rose.  Ed^] 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— In  Professor 
Foster's  able  paper  circulated  among  the  Fellows  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  it  is  said  at  p.  2, 
"  In  the  first  jdace  the  bestowal  of  medals  is 
ridiculously  superabundant;  being  showered  down  as 
they  are,  they  have  lost  all  distiuctive  value."  For 
the  information  of  those  not  thoroughly  conversant 
with  the  working  of  the  Society,  it  may  be  well  to 
state  why  medals  are  given  more  frequently  than  was 
formerly  the  case.  In  the  impecunious  state  of  the 
Society,  wlien  it  cannot  afford  to  ofl'er  prizes,  and 
when  the  visitors  to  the  fortnightly  meetings  would 


be  hardly  satisfied  with  seeing  only  the  plants  sent  up 
for  adjudication,  leading  nurserymen  both  of  town  and 
country  from  time  to  time  make  more  interesting 
and  instructive  large  displays.  Visitors  will  remember 
fine  banks  of  Gladiolus,  Rhododendrons,  Roses, 
Nai'cissus,  spring  flowers,  &c.  Some  acknowledg- 
ment has  to  be  made  to  the  exhibibitors.  In  this 
view  a  medal  of  grade  according  to  merit  is  awarded 
after  very  careful  inspection.  The  use  of  medals  has 
thus  been  d  iverted  from  being  very  mre  awards  to  single 
highly  remarkable  plants  to  be  a  reward  for  making  use- 
ful and  attractive  displays  in  the  conservatory  when  no 
great  exhibitions  are  going  on  ne.xt  door.  The  visitors 
to  the  fortnightly  shows  are  not  sufficient  in  number 
to  reward  the  exhibitors  of  groups  for  the  expense 
and  trouble  of  bringing  up  their  large  number  of 
plants.  According  to  my  experience,  which  is  not 
small,  exhibitors  still  greatly  prize  the  award  of 
medals.  George  F.  Wilson. 

SILENE  PUSILLA. — I  am  inclined  to  believe  that 
the  plant  figured  under  the  above  name  on  p.  44, 
July  9,  is  Silene  quadrifida.     Soil  and  climate  do. 


no  doubt,  affect  this  as  well  as  other  plants.  I  agree 
it  deserves  all  your  encomiums  if  it  really  be  S,  quad- 
rifida. And  if  there  must  be  comparison,  I  will  say 
that  Silene  alpestris  aud  Tunica  Saxifraga,  both  of 
which  present  a  somewhat  similar  appearance  at  a 
casual  glance,  are  in  many  respects  inferior.  This 
section  of  Silenes  follows  Smelowskia  alpina. 
Such-like  plants  thrive  with  me  in  a  soil  composed 
of  burnt  earth,  bog  peat  (a  little  mixed  with  the 
earth  when  the  peat  is  dried  to  a  mealy  consistence), 
and  plenty  of  flakes  from  basaltic  rock — whinstonc. 
This  is  the  way,  in  our  moist  winters,  to  counteract 
the  mischief  caused  by  vapours  and  unseasonable 
warmth.  I  have,  like  many  more,  overfed  alpines, 
obtaining  thereby  flabby  growth ;  but  the  pride  of 
growth  and  of  possession  in  the  autumn  months  has 
to  fall  before  the  easterly  blast,  the  fitful  sunshine, 
and  the  frost  without  snow  in  the  later  period  of 
winter,  if.  C.  Applelon,  The  Bar  House,  Beverley, 
July  11. 

HYBRID  MIMULUS.  —  I  send  you  two  or  three 
specimens  of  hybrid  jNIimuli :  1st,  cross  with  Snap- 
dragon (Antirrhinum),  only  two  blooms  in  flower 
to-day.  I  showed  Mr.  Dyer  fifty  a  week  or  two 
ago ;  many  have  the  exact  bloom  of  Snapdragon,  but 
the  plant  of  Mimulus.  2nd,  cross  with  Pentstemon  ; 
these  are  very  large  and  wide  mouthed.  3rd,  cross 
with  Diplacus.  4th,  cross  with  Mimulus  cashmiriana. 
The  blooms  are  now  very  poor,  as  a  great  drought 
still  continues  here.  Mimulus  has  been  the  seed 
bearer.  Those  crossed  with  Snapdragon  have  nearly 
closed  mouths,  but  those  with  Pentstemon  have  a  close 
resemblance  to  Gloxinias  ;  several  of  these  are 
enclosed.  E.  J.  Lowe.  [We  should  be  glad  to  see 
further  specimens,  carefully  packed,  dried  or  other- 
wise preserved.  The  specimens  were  hardly  recog- 
nisable when  we  examined  them,  but  such  as  we 
could  see  seemed  to  be  Mimulus  pure  and  simple.  Ed.] 

DISA     GRANDIFLORA      AT     CHATSWORTH. — Our 

Disa  graudiflora  is  especially  fine  this  year.  They 
are  now  a  splendid  show,  one  spike  having  above 
eleven  flowers  on.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  whether 
this  number  has  been  reached  before.  Ten  is  the 
most  we  have  had  until  this  year.  Oiccti  Tlioniai 
Chatsworth. 

THE  EARLIEST  SCARLET  BIZARRE  CARNATION. 
— Recent  articles  in  the  Gardeners'  Chroni^jle  on  the 
contents  of  the  Botanical  Magazine  did  not  take 
account  of  a  remarkably  fine  Carnation,  of  which  a 
well-coloured  plate  (fig.  39)  is  given  in  the  second 
volume.  The  late  Mr.  Curtis  rather  went  out  of  his 
way  to  publish  a  "  florist's  flower."  It  was  named 
Tartar,  and  was  raised  by  a  Mr,  Franklin,  of  Lambeth 
Marsh.  It  is  stated  that  this  variety  "  was  not 
figured  as  the  most  perfect  flower  of  the  kind,  either 
in  form  or  size,  but  as  being  a  very  fine  specimen  of 
the  sort."  If  such  flowers  in  the  other  classes  were 
as  good  as  this  one,  it  is  certain  we  would  find  it 
most  difficult  to  beat  them  by  the  best  in  cultivation 
at  the  present  time.  The  cultural  remarks  might  be 
read  with  advantage  by  modern  cultivators.  It  is 
stated  that  the  Carnation  was  "  found  to  succeed 
better  when  planted  in  a  pot  than  in  the  open 
border."  The  plate  is  signed  "  Syd.  Edwards." 
J.  Douglas. 

GLOIRE  OE  DIJON  ROSE.— At  Braeton  Cottage, 
Inverkip,  the  residence  of  the  Rev.  V.  R.  Linton,  an 
example  of  this  Rose  was  carrying  the  large  number 
of  300  full  blooms  on  June  29  last.  It  was  raised 
from  a  cutting  in  the  autumn  of  1872,  and  grows 
upon  a  wall  facing  S.S.W.  ;  in  open  seasons  the 
plant  has  had  good  blooms  upon  it  on  Christmas  Day. 
In  one  year,  1880,  it  produced  upwards  of  1500 
flowers.  It  has  never  had  any  protection  during  the 
winter,  but,  has  a  top-dressing  of  maniu'e  which  is 
renewed  each  February  and  November,  and  occa- 
sionally made  up  during  the  summer,  if  required.  It 
is  never  pruned  earlier  than  the  middle  of  March,  and 
this  year,  during  the  hot  dry  weather  while  the  buds 
were  swelling,  and  the  tree  was  in  flower,  it  had 
fifteen  gallons  of  tepid  water  every  alternate  evening. 
It  grows  in  a  semicircular  hole,  diameter  4  feet 
9  inches,  dug  out  of  the  hard  carriiige  drive,  and  filled 
originally  with  a  mixture  of  loam,  leaf-mould,  and 
manure. 

LILIUM  POLYPHYLLUM.— Lilium  polyphyllum  is 
not  often  seen  blooming  in  English  gardens ;  1 
believe  that  it  is  usually  considered  to  require  damji 
treatment.  I  have  a  pLant  now  in  flower  at  0.ak- 
wood,  Wisley.  which  appears  to  show  this  to  be  a 
mistake.    I  planted  it  in  1881  in  a  rather  dry  loam 


Jdlt  30,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHIRONIGLE. 


139 


^ 

the  latter  being  the  seed-parent.  The,  fruits  are  lilie 
those  of  British  Queen  in  shape,  but  liave  the  fruit- 
stalks  of  President.  In  the  forcing-house,  as  in 
the  open  ground,  it  appears  to  be  all  that  can  be 
desired,  and  if  sufficiently  distinct  will  become  a 
standard  variety,  li.  D. 

CEREUS  GRANDIFLORUS.  —  This  and  other 
varieties  of  these  beautiful  nig;ht-blooming  Cactuses 
have  been  flowering  in  Mr.  Loder's  garden  for  some 
few  weeks  past.  The  tirst  bloom  opened  on  May  27, 
and  we  have  had  on  several  occasions  from  six  to 
thirteen  flowers  open  at  once,  and  on  Thursday,  the 
14th  inst.,  we  had  what  I  term  a  feast  of  Cactus 
flowers,  liaving  no  less  than  twenty-one  of  C.  grandi- 


tnound  ;  the  stem  measured  5  feet  6  inclies  high, 
has  thirteen  flowers  and  buds.  It  carried  itself  well, 
but  fearing  the  effect  of  thunder-rain  I  thought  a 
stake  desirable  ;  the  earth  was  so  hard  and  dry  that 
it  was  necessary  to  make  a  hole  with  a  digger  before 
we  could  force  the  stake  down.  The  Lily  is  very 
gi-aceful  and  pretty,  though  not  showy.  If  any  of 
your  readers  have  seen  it  flowering  in  India,  any 
hints  as  to  its  growth  at  home  would  be  very  useful. 
George  F.  Wilson,  Hcatherhank,  Wcybrklgc  Heath, 
Jtilij  19. 

NEW  STRAWBERRY  VICTORY.  —  Plants  of  this 
variety  were  shown  by  Mr.  John  House,  of  Peter- 
fcorough,  at  the  Crystal  Palace  Rose  show,  but  as 


Fig.  35. — eockwobk  at  laukiston.     (!>ee  p.  13S.) 


the  sprays  of  fruit  had  been  lying  upon  damp  moss 
tluring  the  journey  to  London  the  flavour  had  all  gone 
out  of  them;  but  there  was  evidence  that  it  is  a  very 
free-bearing  variety,  producing  good  crops  of  fine 
fruit  of  average  size.  When  passing  through  Peter- 
borough a  few  days  ago  I  called  at  the  Eastgate 
Nurseries,  and  saw  a  line  of  plants  of  the  Strawberry 
in  pots  on  a  shelf  in  a  house.  It  was  so  free  that  I 
could  count  as  many  as  seventeen  or  eighteen  fruits 
on  a  spray,  and  from  eight  to  ten  were  of  large  size, 
handsome,  fully  ripe,  well  coloured,  and  fit  to  gather. 
I  tasted  it,  and  thought  the  flavour  very  fine.  Tliat 
it  is  an  excellent  forcer  there  can  be  no  doubt,  and 
when  I  saw  it  in  the  open  ground  it  appeared  to  be 
among  the  first  early  varieties.  Now  Mr.  House 
-claims  for  the  Strawberry  that  it  is  the  result  of  a 
■distinct  cross  between  President  and  British  Queen, 


floras.  Such  a  number  coming  under  the  eye  at  one 
time  was  a  beautiful  sight,  and  their  powerful  per- 
fume pervaded  the  whole  garden.  The  flowers  varied 
in  size  from  11  inches  to  14  inches  in  diameter,  the 
largest  flower  being  just  over  1.5  inches.  G.  Gold- 
smith, Tic  Gardens,  Floore  House,  Weeden. 

THE  COMMITTEES  AT  CHISWICK.— On  Thurs- 
dav,  .July  14,  members  of  both  the  Fruit  and 
Floral  Committees  of  the  Eoyal  Horticultui-al  Society 
were  present  at  Chiswick,  having  been  summoned 
to  examine  certain  subjects  tlien  growing  in  the 
gardens,  and  in  that  way  performing  most  meri- 
torious work.  May  I  assume  that  Jlr.  Barron,  in 
calling  the  committees  on  the  same  day  that  the 
Chiswick  flower  show  was  held,  wished  to  have  the 
members  as  witnesses  that  there  was  ample  room  for 


the  holding  of  attractive  and  considerable  shows  at 
Chiswick,  as  the  gathering  of  exhibits  tliat  day 
demonstrated  ?  But  it  was  evident  that  the  mem- 
bers of  the  committees  were  exceedingly  pleased  to 
find  the  show  there,  and  inspected  it  with  pleasure. 
Obviously  it  is  certain  that,  with  the  present  South 
Kensington  displays  taken  to  Chiswick,  with  the  meet- 
ings of  the  committees  also,  the  gatherings  at  the 
latter  place  would  prove  all  round  all  the  more 
pleasant  and  enjoyable.  But  there  is  this  recom- 
mendation to  be  added,  and  it  is  this — that  called  to 
Chiswick  in  the  mornings  in  considerable  numbers 
for  the  discharge  of  their  ordinary  duties,  the  mem- 
bers would,  in  larger  numbers  than  now,  be  enabled  to 
perfomi  their  present  Chiswick  duties  in  the  after- 
noons, thus  occupying  one  day  only  instead  of  two. 
Still  further,  the  actual  work  of  the  committees  at 
Chiswick  would  be  far  more  regularly  attended  to, 
and  more  efficiently  performed.  The  diflficulty  need 
only  to  be  faced  fairly  to  be  surmounted,  A,  1), 

PHILOSOPHY  OF  WATERING  PLANTS.— The  two 
]irevious  articles  that  appeared  in  your  paper  for  the 
'Jth  and  lOth  inst.,  on  this  important  subject  seem,  as 
fai'  as  my  ideas  lead  me,  rather  vague.  No  doubt  we 
shall  see  more  about  the  subject  in  your  subsequent 
issues,  by  competent  and  eminent  men.  "J.  J.  W.," 
with  his  science  and  his  logic,  would  have  it  that  it 
is  an  impossibility  for  plants  to  live,  much  less 
make  jjrogress,  under  evening  watering.  I  cannot  but 
admit  that  it  greatly  checks  the  plants  at  thee.xpense 
of  their  gi'owth,  at  the  same  time  I  have  found  from 
practical  experience  that  it  does  not  make  one  iota 
of  difl!'erence  with  indoor  plants  whether  you  water  in 
the  evening  or  morning,  or  whether  you  apply  the 
water  cold  or  tepid  for  their  success.  1  have  a  small 
Cucumber-house,  8  by  16  feet,  which  has  produced 
from  six  plants  since  March,  500  Cucumbers  ;  the 
plants  have  been  syringed  morning  and  afternoon 
with  cold  water.  Proliflcacy  could  not  have  been 
greater  if  syringed  with  tepid  water,  and  their 
healthiness  at  present  is  shown  by  the  quantity  of 
Cucumbers  they  are  showing,  strong,  healtliy  and 
robust  foliage,  free  from  insects  and  disease.  As  to 
the  remarks  of  "  J.  Ewing,"  we  flnd,  according  to  the 
Editor,  that  they  are  based'on  a  false  foundation,  viz., 
"  that  of  plants  gi'owing  in  the  daytime  or  during  sun- 
light and  not  at  night."  No  doubt  some  other  writer 
will  place  "  J.  E."  in  the  right  channel,  or  explain 
to  him  the  laws  of  Nature,  how  one  acts  with 
another.  It  will  greatly  beneflt  and  interest  all 
readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  if  the  subject  be 
thoroughly  discussed  by  our  scientfic  and  practical 
men.  S.  Heaton,  The  Gardens,  Vilworth  House,  Lony- 
lidi/e,  Preston. 


Societies. 


BOYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

JuLV  2l!. — This  meeting  of  the  Society  was  ren- 
dered additionally  attractive  by  reason  of  the 
pretty  display  of  tlie  Carnation  and  Picotee  So- 
ciety. These  fragrant  flowers,  although  in  better 
form  than  some  persons  had  expected,  were  a  little 
ileflcient  in  size,  but  that  was  all  the  falling  off  that 
the  ordinary  observer  might  detect,  and  for  this  we 
must  blame  the  great  heat  of  the  weather,  for  in  all 
other  respects  Carnations,  as  grown  for  show,  are 
independent  of  weather  influences.  The  Kew  con- 
tribution of  rarely  seen  species  was  a  treat  for  the 
lover  of  plants,  and  contained  some  real  gems  in  the 
hybrids  of  Streptocarpus  shown,  and  a  few  other 
things  that  find  mention  further  on  in  our  report. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present:  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  in  the  chair: 
and  Messrs.  G.  Duffield,  H.  Bennett,  H.  Herbst,  J. 
Walker,  W.  Goldring,  C.  Noble,  C.  Pilcher,  J. 
Dominy,  H.  Ballantyne,  H.  M.  Pollett.  T.  Baines, 
A.  F.  Lendy,  J.  O'Brien,  E.  Hill,  G.  Paul,  J.  Hudson, 
.T.  Fraser,  K.  Dean,  M.  T.  Masters,  A.  Perry, 
.J.  Douglas,  and  S.  Hibberd. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  N., 
showed  a  collection  of  hardy  herbaceous  plants,  in 
which  Pentstemons,  Phloxes,  and  Sweet  Peas  were 
plentiful ;  others  were  Epilobium  angustifolium 
album,  pretty  white  form;  Gypsophilla  paniculata, 
useful  for  bouquet  work  ;  and  Statice  speciosa  which 
may  also  be  employed  in  the  same  way  ;  Lythrum 
roseum  superbura  gives  a  fine  effect  with  its  very  rich 
colour.     (Bronze  Banksian  Medal.) 

From  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tot- 


140 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  30,  1887. 


tcnham,  there  was  a  collection  of  hardy  annuals, 
among  which  Papavers  were  the  most  prominent. 
The  Shirley  Poppy  was  very  gay  with  its  delicate 
rose  tints  ;  Black  Knight,  a  double  one,  is  very  deep 
toned,  black-purple,  curious  if  not  pretty.  Malopes 
were  shown  ;  M.  grandiflora  is  one  of  the  best,  and 
always  worth  cultivating  on  account  of  its  large, 
rich,  magenta  flowers,  whicli  are  very  showy.  Mr. 
Ware  also  contributed  a  collection  of  Liliums ; 
L.  chalcedonicum,  arranged  with  sprays  of  Gypso- 
phila  paniculata,  was  very  pretty,  the  latter  giving  a 
grace  and  aii-iness  to  the  heavier  flowers  of  the 
former.  Border  Carnations,  cut  from  the  open, 
were  also  well  represented  by  Mr.  Ware,  fonuing  a 
feature  in  his  display,  a  good  one  being  Alice  Ayres, 
a  fine  border  sort,  being  very  free  in  producing 
flowers,  which  are  white,  with  a  few  narrow  crimson 
markings,  which  are  plentiful  towards  the  centre 
of  the  flower.  Amongst  other  plants  may  be  named 
Scabiosa  caucasica,  much  like  the  common  Scabious, 
J)ut  with  larger  flowers,  with  very  prominent  rays ; 
Gaillardias,  Iris  Kivmpferi  in  viiriety,  &c.,  were  also 
shown.  For  these  varied  exhibits  Sir.  Ware  was 
awarded  a  Silver  Banksian  Medal. 

Double  tuberous  Begonias  were  staged  by  Messrs. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent,  several  fine 
plants  being  exhibited ;  all  the  flowers  were  of 
great  size  and  good  substance,  the  plants  dwarf  and 
A'igorous ;  good  colours  were  ]>lentiful,  and  we  select 
the  best  examples  : — Shirley  Ilibberd,  pale  cream  very 
slightly  suft'used  with  rose,  flower  rather  flat  in  form, 
large ;  Major  Lendy,  dull  cherry  colour,  almost  sphe- 
Tical  form,  large ;  J.  Douglas,  much  like  Major  Lendy, 
only  of  a  darker  hue,  and  more  brilliant,  large ;  B. 
Wynne,  cinnamon  or  buff,  globular  form,  and  medium 
size  ;  Edelweiss,  pure  white,  good  form,  medium  size. 
Several  seedlings,  which  were  unnamed,  also  had 
attractive  characters,  but  we  are  unable  to  enumerate 
them. 

Mr.  .T.BIundell,The  Nurseries,  WestDulwich,  S.W., 
showed  a  fine  lot  of  cut  blooms  of  double  Hollyhocks, 
exhibiting  flowers  of  good  colour  and  of  medium  size. 
The  following  were  good  varieties :  —  Princess  of 
Wales,  flesh  colour ;  Princess  Beatrice,  rich  chrome  ; 
A.  F.  BaiTon,  deep  crimson ;  Mrs.  Shannan,  cinna- 
anon — a  handsome  flower  of  great  merit;  Her 
Majesty,  resembling  in  colour  the  Kose  of  that  name  ; 
Baroness  Rothschild,  pale  flesh,  very  delicate,  also 
somewhat  like  the  Rose.  Hollyhocks  are  worth 
growing  more  generally  than  at  present ;  good  effects 
ai-e  to  be  obtained  by  the  emidoyment  of  them  as  a 
^background  to  smaller  growing  plants.  Hollyhocks 
were  also  shown  by  Mr.  F.  T.  Smith,  The  Nurseries, 
AVest  Dulwich  ;  the  flowers  were  rather  small,  but 
some  good  colours  were  present. 

From  the  treasures  of  Kew  Gardens  there  was  sent 
&  small  collection  of  plants  in  pots.  Mesembryanthe- 
mums  flowered  out-of-doors  comprised  : — M.  niicans, 
a  rosy  purple  flower,  with  linear  foliage  ;  M.  falci- 
forme,  light  rose,  with  thick,  short,  elub-like  foliage  ; 
M.  Cooperi,  a  creeping  kind — thick  fleshy  leaves, 
1.^  inch  long,  and  rosy-pink  blooms  ;  M.  Polyanthon, 
similar  in  most  particulars  to  M.  micans,  lilac-purple  ; 
^I.  intonsum,  also  similar  to  that  kind,  crimson  flowers 
All  of  these,  with  the  exception  of  Cooperi,  are,  in  old 
age,  of  shrubby  habit,  with  wiry  stems  and  branches, 
and  are  valuable  for  rooms  or  diy  greenhouses. 
Although  once  rather  common  in  gardens,  the  plants 
are  seldom  met  with  now.  Statice  Bonduelli,  a  yellow- 
flowered  hardy  annual,  from  Algiers.  Several  species 
of  Ferns  suitable  for  greenhouse  culture  were  sho\vn, 
viz.,  Adiantum  reniforme  var.  asarifolium,  Gymno- 
gramma  vestita,  Asplcniuni  macrocarpum  Goringia- 
num,  Lomariafluviatilis,  Neplirodium  pulvinuliferum, 
■and  Diacalpa  aspidioides — all  of  them  species  with 
distinct  characteristics,  and  well  worthy  of  being 
added  to  collections.  Tlie  tenestiial  Orchid,  Phaius 
bicolorus  (Ceylon),  a  tall-growing  species,  with  a 
flower-stalk  nearly  3  feet  high,  flowers  greenish- 
yellow,  and  pale  rose  colour  at  the  mragin  of  the 
throat;  and  the  singular-looking  Anguloa  Ruckeri 
sanguinea.  The  hybrids  of  Streptocarpus  (see 
p.  1.37),  which  were  very  fine,  were  of  great  in- 
terest— S.  Watsonix  and'  S.  KewensisX  being  the 
names  given  to  two  at  the  committee ;  the  former  is 
crimson,  with  the  slightest  touch  of  violet,  and  bears 
rsmall  flowers;  the  latter  pale  lilac-mauve,  with  large 
flowers.  Adenocalymna  nitidum,  a  stove  climber 
'from  Brazil,  was  represented  by  cut  specimens  ;  the 
flowers  are  rich  yellow,  and  somewhat  like  an  AUa- 
■manda,  and,  flowering  on  lateral  racemes  :  it  would 
certainly  be  a  most  decorative  and  showy  plant  in  a 
stove. 

Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Son,  Chelsea,  had  an  inter- 
esting feature  of  the  show  in  the  new  hybrid  Phala;- 
jiopsis,  P.  HarrietaX,  which  justly  received  a  First- 


class  Certificate  from  the  handsofthe  committee.  The 
segments  are  greenish-white,  with  violet  towards  the 
base  ;  labellum'  violet :  it  is  very  pretty.  For  a  full 
description  and  illustration  of  this  hybrid  we  refer 
our  readers  to  our  issue  of  July  2. 1887,  p.  0.  The 
firm  also  showed  several  Rhodendron  hybrids,  one, 
Jasminiflorum  carniinatum,  rich  crimson-scarlet 
was  very  attractive.  The  others  showed  great  range 
of  colour.  Begonia  Bismarcki,  a  large  rosy-red 
flowered  sort,  was  also  sent. 

Mr.  Simpkins  gardener  to  R.  J.  Measures,  Esq., 
Cambridge  Lodge,  Camberwell,  sent  cut  blooms  of 
Vauda  tricolor  Cattleya  Acklandiaj,  C.  Schilleriana — 
very  good  forms.  Also  a  plant  of  Cypripedium 
.Tavanico  superbiens ;  a  cross  between  Croton 
javanicum  and  C.  superbiens,  having  the  habit  of  the 
latter,  and  colour  of  former,  but  with  some  brown, 
especially  on  the  lip. 

Messrs.  James  Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester,  showed 
cut  blooms  of  a  Carnation,  a  sort  of  red-cinnamon, 
or  pale  terra-cotta,  called  "  Gravetye  Gem."  The 
colour  is  very  distinct  and  attractive.  (This  Carna- 
tion was,  as  we  are  informed,  certificated  at  Man- 
cliester  as  Mrs.  Hole  on  Friday  last.) 

Mr.  F.  .Sander,  St.  Albans,  showed  two  plants  of 
the  new  Odontoglossum  Harryauum,  of  which  a  full 
description  is  to  be  seen  in  our  columns  for  .July,  23, 
p.  98,  and  of  which  an  illustration  will  shortly  appear. 
Tlie  lip  is  very  long  and  broad,  divided  transversely  at 
tlie  middle,  the  upper  part  purple-brown  colour,  with 
a  yellow  crest,  lower  white  ;  tepals  brown,  with  a  few 
green  marks :  the  appearance  of  the  flower  is  much 
like  Zygopetalum  Mackayi. 

Mr.  Norman.  Hatfleld  House,  Herts,  showed  Sac- 
colabium  Blumei  with  four  long  flowered  spikes. 
Messrs.  Page  &  Son,  Teddington,  had  Miltonia  vexil- 
laria,  and  the  Rev.  H.  H.  D'Ombrain,  Ashford,  Kent, 
showed  a  cut  bloom  of  Amaryllis  Bayard  from  a 
plant  which  had  been  in  the  open  for  the  last  eight 
years.  It  was  a  good  coloured  flower,  the  petals 
large  and  of  good  substance.  Lilium  Hansoni,  a 
small  flowered  sort  with  a  peculiar  scent,  came  from 
Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High  Holborn,  London. 

Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.,  Limited,  Covent  Garden, 
staged  a  collection  of  cut  blooms  of  their  strain  of 
Gloxinias,  very  fine  blooms,  very  bright  in  colour, 
fully  sustaining  the  reputation  of  this  firm  for  these 
plants. 

A  variety  of  Matricaria  inodora  fl.-pl.,  called 
Snowfiake,  a  pure  white  with  large  petals,  but  devoid 
of  substance,  came  from  Mr.  Robertson  Muuro, 
Abercorn  Nurseries,  Edinburgh,  N.B. ;  it  is  a  pretty 
thing,  but  rather  straggly. 

Dr.  Masters  showed  a  branch  of  Acer  Volxemii, 
which  he  strongly  recommended  as  an  avenue  tree 
on  account  of  its  rapid  growth  and  symmetrical 
habit.     A  vote  of  thanks  was  awarded. 

FinsT-cLAss  Certificates. 

Carnation  Alice  Avres  (as  a  border  plant),  from 
Jlr.  T.  S.  Ware.  "  [&  Sons. 

Phaloenopsis  Harrieta;  X,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch 

Odontoglossum  Harryanum,  from  Messrs.  F. 
Sander  &  Co. 

Carnation  Gravetye  Gem,  from  Messrs  J.  Dickson 
&  Sons.  ;[&  Sons. 

Begonia  Shirley  Ilibberd,  from  Messrs.  H.  Cannell 

Begonia  Major  Lendy,  from  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  & 
Sons. 

Begonia  Edelweiss,  from  Messrs.  H.  Cannell  & 
Sons. 

Streptocarpus  Watsdni  X,  from  the  Royal  Gar- 
dens, Kew. 

Streptocarpus  Kewensis  X ,  from  tlie  Royal  Gar- 
dens. Kew. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present:  T.  F.  Rivers,  Esq.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  W.  Warren,  H.  Veitcli,  J.  Willard,  G.  Nor- 
man, T.  B.  Heywood,  T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  J.  Wood- 
liridge,  R.  Hogg.  R.  D.  Blackmore,  Joseph  Fitt. 

The  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  gardens  at 
Chiswick  contributed  a  Black  Currant  with  brown 
I'ruit ;  Currant  Gloire  de  Sablons,  a  light  pink  fruit, 
bunch  of  fair  size ;  and  Gooseberry  Rosebery,  a 
smooth,  good  flavoured  round  green  sort. 

Jlessrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.  exhibited  a  fine-looking 
smooth  red  Tomato  from  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and 
some  good  examples  of  T.  Blenheim  Orange. 

Fifty  dishes  of  Gooseberries  were  shown  by  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  most  of  wliich 
showed  signs  of  having  ripened  prematurely,  huge 
Lancashire  show  kinds  being  less  than  half  their 
ordinary  size. 

Some   few  dishes  of  excellent  fruits   of  ^'caches 


and  Nectarines  came  from  Messrs.  T.  F.  Rivers  & 
Son,  Sawbridgeworth,  including  Peach  Princess  of 
Wales — enormous  examples ;  the  useful  P.  Sea 
Eagle,  P.  Exquisite,  a  fruit  with  a  beautiful  exterior 
— a  freestone — which  ripens  on  walls  in  the  middle 
of  September ;  P.  Lord  Palmerston,  also  very  fine 
examples.  The  Nectarine  Peach  was  well  shown,  as 
was  Nectarine  Victoria,  which  was  beautifully 
coloured.  Mr.  Norman,  The  Gardens;  Hatfield  House, 
showed  Royal  George  Peach  and  Elruge  Nectarine, 
the  last-named  being  especially  fine  in  size  and 
colour.  Several  dishes  of  Cherries  came  from  the 
Langley  Nurseries  of  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  .Son. 
Mammoth  is  a  big  pink  and  yellow  fruit ;  Impera- 
trice  Eugenie,  a  crimson  fruit ;  Cleveland  Bigarreau, 
Elton,  and  Governor  Wood.  An  alpine  Strawberrj', 
Quatre  Saisons  Raspberry,  and  two  summer  Pears, 
completed  this  exhibit. 

Competing  Classes. — These  were  confined  to  prizes 
offered  by  nurserymen  for  produce  grown  from  their 
seeds — llessrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  offering  prizes  for 
Cabbages,  Carters'  All  Heart,  and  Bean  Carters' 
Leviathan  Long-pod,  which  brought^forth  excellent 
samples,  ilr.  W.  H.  Marriott,  sen.,  Boston,  Lin- 
colnshire, took  1st  for  Cabbages,  showing  well  grown 
specimens,  of  good  size  ;  2nd,  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  Glen- 
hurst  Gardens,  Esher ;  3rd,  Mr.  T.  A.  Beckett,  Cole 
Hatch  Farm,  Penn.  Mr.  Waite  was  1st  for  the 
Beans,  having  well  filled  large  pods ;  2nd,  Mr. 
Beckett ;  3rd,  Mr.  A.  Timms,  Amersham.  The  com- 
petition here  was  good.  Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons, 
Reading,  off'ered  prizes  for  the  best  dishes  of  their 
Peas  Duke  of  Albany,  Satisfaction,  and  Royal  Jubi- 
lee. 5Ir.  H.  Marriott,  sen.,  again  led  with  very 
good  samples,  and  was  closely  followed  by  Mr.  E.  S. 
Wiles,  Edgcote  Gardens,  Banbury  ;  3rd,  Mr.  Mar- 
riott, jun. ;  and  4th,  Mr.  Waite  wlio  occupied  the 
1st  place  with  Sutton's  Broad  Bean  Mammoth,  a 
large  clean  pod,  7  inches  long ;  Mr.  Beckett  2nd ;  and 
3rd,  Mr.  A.  J.  Saunder,  Bookham  Lodge  Gardens, 
Cobham.  The  prize  for  Cabbages  (All  Heart)  offered 
by  the  same  firm  :  Mr.  P.,  Cornish,  The  Shrubbeiy 
Gardens,  Esher,  was  placed  1st,  with  fair  samples  ;  Mr. 
Beckett  and  Mr.  Waite  2nd  and  3rd.  Mr.  Marriott,  sen., 
was  to  the  front  in  both  classes  for  Messrs.  Webb  & 
Sons'  produce,  sliowing  Webb's  Emperor  Cabbage 
and  Chancellor  Pea — very  good  in  both  cases  ;  2nd, 
for  Cabbages,  Mr.  Wiles ;  for  Peas  the  2nd  and  3rd 
were  Mr.  Marriott,  jun.,  and  Mr.  E.  Burden,  Bir- 
mingham. 

National  Carnation  and  Picotee   Society. 
(Southern  Section.) 

The  annual  exhibition  of  tliis  Society  took  place 
in  the  Conservatory  at  South  Kensington  on  Tuesday 
last,  in  connection  with  the  meeting  of  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society.  Opinions  apjieared  to  differ 
as  to  the  extent  of  the  show  and  quality  of  the 
flowers ;  but  having  regard  to  the  dry  and  hot 
character  of  the  summer,  the  exhibition  was  de- 
cidedly satisfactory.  There  were  some  fine  blooms, 
and  there  were  many  thin  and  undersized ;  some 
lacked  the  purity  requisite  in  high-class  blooms,  but 
the  average  was  quite  as  good  as  could  have  betn 
expected.  There  was  a  goodly  number  ."^f  exhibitors, 
and  the  interest  in  the  Carnation  and  Picotee  shows 
signs  of  growth  rather  thau  abatement. 

Canmlioiif. — The  leading  class  was  for  twenty-four 
blooms — not  less  than  twelve  dissimilar  varieties, 
five  prizes  being  offered,  and  there  were  that  number 
of  competitors :  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal  Nursery, 
Slough,  took  the  1st  prize  with  blooms  generally  of 
high  quality,  having  of  scarlet  bizarres :  Robert 
Lord,  Mars.  George  and  James  Mcintosh.  Crimson 
bizarres :  H.  K.  Mayor  and  Captain  Preston.  Pink 
and  purple  bizarres  :  James  Taylor,  Squire  Llewellyn, 
Sarah  PajTie,  and  William  Skirving.  Purple  flakes : 
Sporting  Lass.  Scarlet  flakes  :  Outsider,  jolm  Ball, 
and  Matador.  Rose  flakes  ;  Jessica,  John  Keet,  and 
Mrs.  Bridgewater.  2nd,  Mr.  James  Douglas,  gr.  to  T. 
Whitbourne,  Esq.,  Great  Gcaries,  Ilford,  with  large  full 
flowers,  but  lacking  purity  in  some  instances.  There 
were  also  five  stands  of  twelve  dissimilar  blooms,  Mr.  J. 
Douglas  being  a  good  1st  with  S.B.  Robert  Lord  and 
seedlings,  C.B.  Mrs.  Gorton  and  seedling;  P.P.B. 
seedling.  P.F.  James  Douglas  and  Squire  Whit- 
bourne, S.F.  Alisemond  (Douglas),  a  fine  full  flower, 
and  seealing ;  R.F.  Thalia  and  Rob  Roy.  2nd,  Mr. 
Joseph  Lakin,  Temple  Cowley,  near  Oxford,  with 
S.B.  Admiral  .  Curzon ;  C.B.  Master  Fred  and 
J.S.  Hedderley,  P.P.B.  William  Skirving,  Sarah 
Payne,  and  William  Bacon;  P.F.  Florence  Night- 
ingale and  Sarah  Payne.  S.F.  Tom  Lord  and 
Robert    Cannell,    R.F.  Bob   Roy  and  Jlrs.    May. 


July  30,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


141 


In  the  class  for  six  dissimilar  blooms  there 
were  ten  competitors,  and  here  Mr.  M.  Kowan. 
36,  Manor  Street,  Clapham,  was  placed  1st,  with 
capital  blooms  of  S.B.  Admiral  Ciirzon,  C.B.  J.  S. 
Hadderley,  P.P.B.  Madame  Gvles,  P.S.  George  Mel- 
ville, S.F".  Matador,  and  R.F.  Kob  Rov.  2nd,  Mr.  T. 
Anstiss,  Brill,  Bucks,  with  S.B.  Kobert  Lord,  C.B. 
William  Bacon,  P.P.B.  seedling,  P.F.  James  Doug- 
las, S.F.  Clipper,  K.F.  Jessica;  3rd,  Mr,  C. 
A  considerable  quantity  of  blooms  were  staged  in  the 
classes  for  single  flowers.  In  the  case  of  the  scarlet 
bizarres  Mr.  C.  Turner  was  1st,  with  a  fine  bloom  of 
Robert  Lord  ;  Jlr.  M,  Rowan  being  2nd,  with  Ad- 
miral Curzon.  In  the  class  for  crimson  bizarres 
Mr.  J.  Lakin  was  1st,  with  Mrs.  Lakin,  and  2nd 
with  Master  Fred.  The  best  pink  and  purple 
bizaiTe  was  Sarah  Payne,  an  old  variety  of  some 
forty  years'  standing,  sho^vn  by  Mr.  C.  Turner,  and 
he  was  2nd  with  William  Skirving.  In  the  class 
for  purple  flakes  Mr.  Lakin  was  1st,  with  James 
Douglas ;  Mr.  Douglas  being  2nd.  Scarlet  flakes  : 
1st,  Mr.  C,  Turner,  with  John  Bull.  In  the  class 
for  rose  flakes  Mr.  J.  Douglas  was  1st  and  2nd,  with 
Thalia.  The  premier  Carnation  was  S.  F.  Alise- 
mond,  one  of  Mr.  Douglas'  seedlings,  shown  by  Mr. 
T.  E.  Henwood,  Reading. 

Picotccs. — In  the  class  for  twenty-four  blooms,  not 
less  than  twelve  being  dissimilar  varieties,  Mr.  C. 
Turner  was  1st  with  an  excellent  lot  of  flowers, 
mainly  of  fine  quality,  having  of  heavy  rose  edges ; 
Dr.  Abercorabie,  J.  B.  Bryant,  John  Smith,  and 
Princess  of  Wales.  Light  red  edges  :  Lord  'Valentia, 
Mrs.  Gorton,  and  William  Summers.  Heavy  purple 
edges ;  Mrs.  A.  Chancellor  and  Zerlina.  Light 
purple  edges  :  Jessie,  Juliette,  and  Baroness  Burdett- 
Coutts.  Light  rose  edges  :  Orlando,  Favourite,  and 
Lucy,  in  very  fine  character.  Heavy  rose  edges : 
Mr.  PajTie.  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  heavy  red 
edges :  Brunette,  Princess  of  Wales,  and  seedlings. 
Light  red  edges :  Dr.  Horner.  Heavy  purple  edges  : 
Muriel,  Mrs.  A.  Chancellor,  and  seedling.  Heavy 
rose  edges :  Mrs.  Sharpe,  Constance  Heron,  and 
Seedling.  Light  rose  edges :  Favourite  (Lidding- 
ton)  and  seedlings.  There  were  six  stands  of  twelve 
dissimilar  blooms,  and  here  Mr.  J.  Douglas  was  1st, 
with  heavy  red  edges :  Brunette  and  seedlings. 
Light  red  edges :  Mrs.  Gorton  and  Thomas  William. 
Heavy  purple  edges ;  seedlings.  Light  purple  edges  : 
Her  Majesty  and  seedlings.  Heavy  rose  edges  :  Con- 
stance Heron  and  Jlrs.  Sharpe.  Light  rose  edge  : 
Favourite.  2nd,  Jlr.  M.  Rowan  with  heavy  red  edge 
John  Smith.  Light  red  edge :  Thomas  AVilliam. 
Heavy  purple  edge :  Mrs.  A.  Chancellor.  Light 
purple  edges  :  Jessie  and  Clara  Penson.  Heavy  rose 
edges :  Nellie,  Constance  Heron,  Mrs.  Payne  and 
Purity.  Light  rose  edges  :  Favourite  and  Miss  Lee. 
There  were  ten  competitors  in  the  class  for  six 
blooms,  Mr.  Huson  Morris  being  1st  with  heavy  red 
edge  Princess  of  Wales,  light  red  edge  Lucy,  light 
purple  edges  Clara  Penson  and  Nymjih,  heavy  rose 
edge  Constance  Heron,  light  ro.-^e  <  ■!  .'  Favourite. 
2nd,  Mr.  P.  Anstiss  with  heavy  red  edge  Morna, 
heavy  purple  edge  Imogen  (Dodwell),  light  purple 
edge  Laura,  heavy  rose  edges  Constance  Heron  and 
Marie  Elton,  light  rose  edge  Favourite. 

As  is  usual,  a  large  number  of  blooms  were  exhi- 
bited as  single  specimens.  The  best  heavy  red  edge 
was  Brunette,  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Douglas ;  Mr.  C. 
Turner  being  2nd,  with  .J.  B.  Briaut.  Light  red 
edge ;  1st,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  with  Thomas  Williams, 
and  2nd,  with  Mrs.  Gorton.  Heavy  purple  edge  : 
1st,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with  a  seedling  ;  Sth,  Mr. 
Rowan,  with  Alliance.  Light  purple  edge  :  1st,  Mr. 
W.  H.  Headland,  with  Pride  of  Leyton  ;  2nd,  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  with  Baroness  Burdett  Coutts.  Heavy  rose 
edge  :  1st,  Mr.  Rowan,  with  Edith  d'Ombrain. 
Light  rose  edge :  1st  and  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Douglas,  with 
Favourite.  Yellow  grounds  :  1st  and  2nd,  Mr.  J. 
Douglas,  with  Agnes  Chambers.  The  premier 
Picotee  was  Favourite  (Liddington),  light  rose 
edge,  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Douglas. 

Fancies,  Self,  and  Yellow  Grounds. — In  the  classes 
set  apart  for  these  some  very  fine  and  attractive 
flowers  were  staged,  and  there  were  five  stands  of 
twenty-four  blooms.  Mr.  C.  Turner  was  placed  1st 
with  a  fine  lot,  having  of  self  flowers,  of  crimson  and 
scarlet  shades,  Arthur  Medhurst  and  Scarlet  Gem  ; 
and  of  those  of  a  crimson  ground  flaked  with  maroon, 
Robei-t  Lord,  Guardsman,  and  George,  being  what 
are  known  as  "  run  "  flowers.  Purple  self;  Purple 
Emperor,  very  fine.  Rose  and  pink  selfs  :  Jessica, 
Mrs.  Champneys,  and  Rosa  Bonheur.  White  selfs: 
Ladv  Rose  Molyneux,  The  Governor,  and  The  Bride. 
Yellow  :  Will  Threlfall,  Rose  Celestial,  and  Florence. 
Yellow  grotmds :  Janira  and  Thomas  Page,  and  a 
run  flower  of  Squire   Llewelyn,   pink,  flaked   with 


purple.  2nd,  Mr.  .1.  Douglas,  with  Florence,  yellow  ; 
Rob  Roy,  pink ;  James  Douglas,  purple ;  Henry 
Cannell,  crimson — all  run  flowers ;  and  some  fine 
yellow  grounds.  In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  Mr. 
J.  Lakin  was  1st,  with  a  very  fine  lot,  having  Ella 
Morris,  crimson,  flaked  with  maroon — very  fine ; 
Sparkler,  scarlet ;  a  very  fine  seedling  purple  self; 
Alice  Ann  Mary,  rose ;  ilarchioness,  rose,  flaked 
with  purple ;  Pride  of  Penshurst  and  JIar&hal  Niel, 
yellow ;  Duke  of  Teck  and  Sir  F.  Roberts,  yellow, 
edged  with  red  ;  and  white.  Ella  Morris.  2nd,  Mr. 
M.  Rowan,  with  a  fine  seedling  crimson  self:  Florence 
Nightingale,  purple  ;  Belle  Halliday,  and  Stanstead 
Beauty,  yellow  ;  Mrs.  Page,  blush ;  Maud,  pale  rose  ; 
Celia,  pink  ;  and  Cardinal,  scarlet.  As  many  as  twelve 
stands  of  six  varieties  were  staged.  In  the  class  for 
twelve  blooms  ofyellowground  Picotees.  Mr.  .1.  Doug- 
las was  1st,  with  some  fine  flowers,  including  Almira, 
Annie  Douglas,  Ne  Plus  Ultra,  Agnes  Chambers, 
Janira,  Jaune,  and  seedlings ;  2ud,  Mr.  C.  Turner, 
with  Prince  of  Orange,  Thomas  Page,  Janira,  Mrs. 
Cannell,  Mrs.  Coleman,  and  seedlings. 

Plants  in  Pots. — Mr.  J.  Douglas  and  Mr.  C.  Turner 
were  the  only  exhibitors  of  these,  and  the  prizes  were 
awarded  in  the  order  of  their  names,  though  Mr. 
Turner  had  the  best  grown  plants,  and  the  finest 
quality  of  bloom.  Mr.  Turner  had  yellow  Picotees, 
Edith,  Colonial  Beauty,  Agnes  Chambers,  and 
Almira,  and  seedling  Carnations  and  Picotees.  Mr. 
C.  Turner  had  Carnations,  crimson  bizan-e.  Rifleman 
and  H.  K.  Mayor ;  rose  flake,  Jupiter ;  red  edge 
Picotees,  Dr.  Epps  and  Mrs.  Norman ;  rose  edge 
Picotees,  Constance  Heron,  Favourite,  and  Mrs. 
Payne  ;  and  yellow  self.  Will  Threlfall. 

Seedliiiifs. — Two  seedling  Picotees  were  selected 
for  awards  in  the  seedling  classes,  Mr.  H.  W.  Head- 
land being  1st,  with  L.P.E,,  Pride  of  Leyton,  in  the 
way  of  Her  Majesty,  but  with  a  better-shaped  petal, 
also  awarded  a  First-class  Certiflcate  of  Merit ; 
Mr.  J.  Douglas  being  2nd,  with  L.P.E.,  seedling. 
First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to  Mr, 
C.  Turner  for  seedling  Clove,  Purple  Emperor, 
bright  purple — large,  full,  and  of  fine  shape;  and 
Will  Threlfall,  clear  pale  yellow  self — large,  full, 
and  a  great  acquisition.  Mr.  Ernest  Benary,  Erfurt, 
Germany,  sent  three  blooms  of  a  fine  golden  self, 
named  Ernest  Benary,  that  had  unfortunately 
become  damaged  in  the  course  of  transit ;  it  was 
highly  recommended  as  being  full  of  good  promise. 

Miscellaneous  Ej-fiibifs. — Messrs.  James  Veitch  & 
Sons  sent  six  boxes  of  Carnations,  Picotees,  and 
fancies — a  very  good  lot  indeed.  Messrs.  R.  Veitch 
&  Sons,  nurserymen,  Exeter,  sent  blooms  of  fancy 
Carnations  and  Picotees ;  and  Mr.  Douglas,  The 
Gardens,  Great  Gearies,  set  up  three  vases,  mainly  of 
yellow  Picotees,  in  a  very  tasteful  manner,  which 
were  greatly  admired. 


GRAND  EXHIBITION  OP  ROSES  AT 
MANCHESTER. 

Mr.  Bruce  Findlav  must  be  congratulated  upon 
the  extensive  and  attractive  exhibition  of  Roses 
brought  together  in  the  Exhibition  Palace  at  Man- 
chester on  the  22nd  inst.  Considering  the  weather, 
the  prolonged  drought  that  had  prevailed,  the  wonder 
was  that  so  many  excellent  flowers  came  together. 
But  it  was  a  great  occasion  for  the  Northern  growers, 
amateur  and  professional,  and  they  had  it  pretty 
much  their  own  way.  The  trade  growers  of  the 
South — Pauls.  Turner,  the  Cants,  &c.,  were  con- 
spicuous by  their  absence.  The  Rev.  J.  H.  Pem- 
berton,  of  Romford,  was  there,  so  were  Mr.  S.  P. 
Budd,  and  Messrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Son,  of  Bath,  while 
Mr.  John  Cranston  came  from  Hereford.  Messrs. 
Cocker  &  Son,  of  Aberdeen  ;  Messrs.  Mack  &  Son, 
and  Harkness  &  Sons,  of  Yorkshire;  Mr.  T.  B.Hall, 
of  Rock  Ferry,  and  Mr.  W.  J.  Grant,  of  Ledbury, 
were  the  leading  prize  winners.  The  boxes  of  Roses 
were  arranged  on  tables  set  up  along  the  centre  of 
the  noble  nave  forming  the  new  glass-covered 
annexe,  and  visitors  entering  from  the  Stret- 
ford  Road  at  Old  Traff'ord,  passed  into  the 
show  at  once.  A  finer  place  for  a  Rose  show  can 
hardly  be  imagined,  and  from  the  time  the  public 
were  admitted  to  see  the  Roses  up  to  the  close  of  the 
exhibition  any  .approach  to  the  flowers  was  almost 
impossible,  for  the  spectators  were  seven  and  eight 
deep.  Along  the  centre  of  the  tables  was  placed  a 
fine  lot  of  Palms,  Crotons,  &c.,  furnished  by  the 
Liverpool  Horticultural  Company,  which  greatly 
heightened  the  general  efl^ect.  It  was  computed  that, 
although  it  was  a  half-crown  day,  the  Rose  show 
attracted  some  6000  or  7000  additional  visitors. 

Nurseryman's  Division. — In  the  class   for  seventy- 


two  distinct  Roses,  single  blooms,  there  were  two 
competitors,  Messrs.  James  Cocker  &  Son,  Sunny 
Park  Nurseries,  Aberdeen,  being  placed  1st  with 
bright  and  fresh  flowers  of  excellent  bloom,  seen 
in  IVIerveille  de  Lyon,  Victor  Hugo,  Prince  Camille 
de  Rohan,  J.  S.  Mill,  Innocenta  Pirola,  Antoine 
Ducher,  Mrs.  Baker,  Souvenir  de  Victor  Hugo, 
Madame  Bravy,  A.  K.  Williams,  Anna  Olivier, 
Rubens,  Elie  Morel,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Violette 
Brouyere,  Etienne  Levet,  Sunset,  Ulrich  Brunner, 
Marie  Baumann,  B.  Y.  Teas,  and  Souvenir  d'Elise 
Vardon.  2nd,  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Son,  nurserymen, 
Bedale,  whose  best  blooms  were  Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
Antoine  Ducher,  Her  Majesty,  Harrison  Weir,  Jean 
Sary,  E.  Y.  Teas,  May  Quennell,  Marie  Rady,  Dr. 
Sewell.  Beauty  of  Waltham,  A.  K.  Williams, 
Rosieriste  Jacobs,  Horace  Vernet,  Fisher  Holmes, 
Dupuy  Jamain,  Alfred  Colomb,  Due  de  Rohan,  Marie 
Baumann,  Avocat  Diivivier,  Madame  Victor  Verdier, 
&c.  The  class  for  forty-eight  varieties,  three 
trusses  of  each,  brought  no  competition,  the  largest 
growers  finding  it  very  difficult  to  get  three  good 
flowers  each  of  so  many  varieties.  In  that  for 
forty-eight  single  blooms,  distinct,  there  were 
eight  competitors.  Messrs.  J.  Cocker  &  Son  being 
again  1st,  with  fresh  blooms  of  Ulrich  Brunner, 
Merveille  de  Lyon,  Annie  Laxton,  Comtesse  de 
Sereneye,  Mons.  E.  Y.  Teas,  Alfred  Colomb,  Madame 
Cusin,  Senateur  Vaisse,  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Duke 
of  Albany,  Marie  Finger,  Horace  Vernet,  Marie 
Rady,  Souvenir  de  Gabriclle  Drevet,  Etienne  Levet, 
Madams  C.  Crapelet,  Catherine  Mermet,  &c. ;  2nd, 
Messrs.  R.  Mack  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Catterick 
Bridge,  with  Duchess  of  Bedford,  Horace  Vernet, 
Due  de  Rohan,  Mons.  E.  Y.  Teas,  Baron  Hausmann, 
J.  S.  Mill,  Jean  Chopin,  Dr.  Andry,  Harrison  Weir, 
Countess  of  Rosebery,  and  Sir  Rowland  Hill — the 
fine,  distinct,  and  new  ruby-purple  H.P.  mentioned 
on  p.  110. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties,  single 
trusses,  there  were  also  eight  competitors,  and  here 
Messrs.  R.  Mack  &  Sons  were  1st  with  Pierre  Net- 
ting, Madame  de  Luizet,  Sir  R.  Hill,  La  France, 
Duchess  of  Bedford,  Charles  Lefebvre,  Marie  Bau- 
mann, Comtesse  de  Nadaillac,  Due  de  Rohan  ;  2nd, 
Messrs.  J.  Cranston  &  Co.,  with  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
Prince  Arthur,  Alfred  Colomb,  Senateur  Vaisse, 
A.  K.  Williams,  Marie  Baumann.  In  the  class  for 
twenty-four  varieties,  three  trusses  of  each,  Messrs. 
J.  Cocker  &  Son  were  again  1st  with  Her  Majesty, 
Alfred  Colomb,  Marie  Baumann,  Comtesse  d'Ox- 
ford,  Merveille  de  Lyon.  Etienne  Levet,  Madame 
Gabriel  Luizet;  2nd,  Messrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Son, 
with  M.  P.  Wilder,  Charles  Danvin,  Camille  Ber- 
nardin.  Baron  Gonella,  Lady  Sheflield,  Antoine 
Ducher,  Alfred  Colomb.  There  were  four  com- 
petitors in  the  class  for  three  bouquets  of  Roses, 
Messrs.  Perkins  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Coventry,  being 
well  1st. 

Amateurs'  Division. — That  the  amateurs  were  well 
represented  is  shown  from  the  fact  that  there  were 
six  competitors  in  the  class  for  forty-eight  blooms, 
distinct  single  blooms  ;  and  here  Mr.  T.  B.  Hall, 
Rock  Ferry,  Birkenhead,  was  a  good  1st,  with  nice 
clean,  fresh  blooms  of  Duke  of  Edinburgh,  Sir  G. 
AVolseley,  and  Alfred  Colomb;  2nd,  the  Rev.  J.  H. 
Pemberton,  Havering-atte-Bower,  Romford,  who  had 
bright  and  fresh  but  less  even  blooms  of  Devienne 
Lamy,  Exposition  de  Brie,  Miss  Edith  Giflfard, 
Alfred  Colomb,  Marie  Baumann,  Reine  Marie 
Henrietta,  Comtesse  d'Oxford,  Marie  Rady,  Jean 
Ducher.  There  was  but  one  exhibitor  in  the  class 
for  twenty-four  varieties,  three  blooms  of  each,  Mr. 
S.  P.  Budd  being  1st;  unfortunately  this  class  was 
overlooked  in  making  up  our  re])ort.  In  that  for 
twelve  blooms,  single  trusses,  Mr.  T.  B.  Hall  was 
again  placed  1st  out  of  seven  competitors,  having  good 
blooms  of  Alfred  Colomb,  Captain  Christy,  Louis 
van  Houtte,  Camille  Bernardin,  and  Dupuy  Jamain ; 
2nd,  Mr.  A.  J.  Grant,  with  Alfred  Colomb,  Horace 
Vernet,  Marie  Verdier.  In  the  class  for  twelve 
varieties,  three  trusses  of  each,  the  Rev.  J.  H. 
Pemberton  was  1st  with  Niphetos,  Alfred  Colomb, 
Harrison  Weir,  Innocenta  Pirola,  and  Horace 
Vernet. 

In  the  class  for  three  bouquets  of  Roses  Miss  A. 
Halliday,  Edinburgh,  was  awarded  the  2nd  prize,  the 
1st  being  withheld  ;  but  Miss  Halliday  was  1st  with 
a  single  bouquet.  The  best  collection  of  Roses  other 
than  the  usual  exhibition  varieties  came  from  Mr. 
S.  Barlow,  J. P.,  Stakehill,  Manchester.  Mr.  Grant 
had  the  best  twelve  Tea  Roses,  having  Comtesse 
Riza  du  Pare,  Perle  de  Lyon,  Catherine  Mermet, 
Miss  Edith  Giffard,  Elise  Vardon,  Comtesse  de 
Nadaillac,  Niphetos,  Souvenir  de  Theresa  Levet,  Jean 
Fernet,  Madame  I<ambard,  Souvenir  de  Paul  N<5roii, 


142 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JuLT  30,  1887. 


and  Fran9ois  Kruger ;  2nd,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Pember- 
ton,  whose  best  blooms  were  Amazone,  Catherine 
Mermet,  Etoile  de  Lyon,  Niphetos,  Caroline  Kuster, 
Miss  Edith  Giffard.  " 

District  Grown  Bose4. — There  were  three  classes 
for  these  grown  within  25  miles  of  the  Town  Hall, 
Manchester,  by  amateurs  :  and  there  were  five  com- 
petitors. In  that  for  eighteen  varieties,  single  blooms, 
Mr.  Thomas  Tatham,  Wilmslow,  was  Ist,  with 
some  very  good  blooms;  Mr.  J.  Brown,  Heaton 
Nursery,  2nd ;  Mr.  George  Burgess,  Knutsford, 
being  3rd.  The  last-named  had  the  best  twelve 
blooms,  Mr.  R.  P.  Gill,  Ashton-on-Mersey,  being 
2nd,  Mr.  G.  Burgess  also  had  the  best  six  blooms, 
Mr.  J.  Brown  being  2nd. 

Tea  and  Noisette  Hoses. — There  were  three  classes 
of  these,  and  they  were  all  open.  That  for  twenty-four 
varieties,  brought  no  competition  ;  in  that  for  twelve 
varieties  Messrs.  George  Cooling  &  Sons,  the  only 
exhibitors,  were  placed  1st.  Messrs.  J.  Cocker  & 
Son  were  the  only  exhibitor  of  eighteen  varieties, 
three  trusses  of  each. 

First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to 
a  dozen  blooms  of  Rose  Earl  of  Duiferin,  shown  by 
Messrs,  A.  Dickson  &  Son,  Belfast,  a  deep  red  flower 
shaded  with  maroon  ;  and  to  Clove  Carnation  Mrs. 
Hole,  pale  terra-cotta,  very  free  and  effective,  good 
petal,  and  first-rate  pod.  shown  by  Messrs.  J.  Dick- 
son &  Sons,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester,  who  also 
had  a  fine  miscellaneous  collection  of  cut  hardy 
plants,  Roses,  &c.  Messrs.  F.  &  A.  Dickson,  Upton 
Nurseries,  Chester,  had  four  bo.xes  of  fine  cut  Roses  ; 
Mr.  W.  Owen,  Hartford  Nurseries,  Northwich,  a 
group  of  fine  Cattleyas  and  Odontoglossums  ;  Mr.  R. 
W.  Proctor,  nurseryman,  Chesterfield,  had  cut  blooms 
of  Carnations  and  Picotees  ;  Messrs.  Dickson,  Brown 
&  Tait,  nurserymen,  Manchester,  hardy  flowers 
and  Roses  ;  and  Mr.  R.  P.  Gill,  a  quantity  of  cut 
blooms  of  Poppies  of  diflferent  types,  all  of  which 
were  commended. 


SCOTTISH    ARBORICXTLTURAL.  . 

The  annual  general  meeting  of  this  Society  was 
held  on  the  26th  inst.  in  the  class-room  of  the  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens,  Edinburgh  :  Dr,  Hugh  Clegho'rn, 
of  Stravithie,  in  the  chair.  The  attendance  was 
fairly  good.  The  minutes  of  the  several  meetings 
held  by  the  Society  during  the  year  having  been 
read  and  passed,  and  the  new  members  of  Council 
elected,  the  Secretary  stated  that  thirty-one  new 
members  had  joined  the  Society  within  the  year, 
thus  raising  the  total  membership  to  700. 

After  a  few  opening  remarks  bearing  on  the  pro- 
gress of  the  Society,  the  Chairman  read  a  paper  on 
the  "  Progress  of  Forest  Administration,"  bv  Sir  D. 
Brandis.  The  paper  was  devoted  chiefly  to  the  pro- 
gress in  forestry  that  had  been  made  in  India,  and  on 
the  benefits  that  weie  accruing  from  the  improved 
forest  administration  that  had  been  introduced  into 
that  country  since  1850.  The  writer  concluded  an 
interesting  paper  with  some  remarks  on  the  subject 
of  the  proposed  Forest  School  for  Scotland.  He  was 
of  opinion  that  as  soon  as  the  desire  gains  ground 
among  landed  proprietors  in  Scotland  to  obtain  the 
services  of  wood  managers  and  foresters  who  have 
received  a  more  systematic  training  than  is  at  present 
attainable,  they  will  find  the  necessary  means  and 
take  the  needful  steps  for  the  establishment  of  a 
Forest  School.  It  clearly  is  their  interest  to  improve 
the  productive  powers,  which  means  the  capital  value, 
of  their  estates.  The  natural  and  proper  thing  in  the 
present  case,  is  for  the  proprietors  to  take  action 
on  their  o^vn  account. 

A  hearty  vote  of  thanks  was  given  to  .Sir  D. 
Brandis  for  his  paper,  which  is  to  be  printed  in  full, 
in  the  Transact i/>ns  of  the  Society. 

The  Chairman  reported  from  the  Council  that  the 
subject  of  the  better  education  of  young  foresters  had 
engaged  their  attention,  but  it  was  found  that 
nothing  could  be  done  in  that  direction  till  the  Par- 
liamentary Committee  now  sitting  on  the  question 
of  a  National  Forest  School  had  reported. 

Mr.  John  Methven  read  an  excellent  paper  on 
"Deciduous  Trees  with  Ornamental  and  Coloured 
Foliage  useful  in  Landscape  Forestry."  A  collection 
of  about  eighty  specimens  of  leaves  of  the  more  dis- 
tinct and  beautiful  species  .and  varieties  alluded  to 
in  the  p.aperwas  exhibited,  tastefully  set  upon  paper. 
The  genera  represented  were  chiefly  Acer,  the  Oak, 
Chestnut,  Beech,  Lime,  Birch,  Liriodendron,  Labur- 
num, Elm,  Alder,  Aralia,  and  others. 

The  paper  was  much  appreciated,  .and  a  Iiearty 
vote  of  thanks  was  accorded  Mr.  Methven  for  it. 

The  judges'  report  on  the  competitive  essays  was 


next  read  by  Mr.  D.  F.  Mackenzie.     The  following 
were  the  awards  : — 

"  Forest  Administration  in  the  Canton  Vaud' 
Switzerland."     By  G.  Cadel.     Silver  Medal. 

"  The  Natural  Reproduction  (by  Self-sowing)  of 
Forest  Trees."  By  John  Smith,  Romsey.  Bronze 
Medal. 

"  Forestry  in  Hungarv."  Major  Baily,  Simla. 
Gold  Medal. 

"  The  Plantations  on Estate."     By  A.  D. 

Webster,  Penrhyn.     No.  2  Silver  Medal. 

"  Town  Planting."  By  A.  D.  Webster.  Bronze 
Medal. 

"  Trees  and  .Shrubs  suitable  for  the  Seaside."  By 
A.  D.  Webster.    No.  2  Silver  Medal. 

"  Forester's  Cottage  (with  Plan)."  By  John  Smith. 
Bronze  Medal. 

•'  The  Efl'ects  of  the  Great  Gales  of  the  Last 
Twenty-five  Years  on  the  Woods  and  Forests  of 
England."     By  John  Smith.     Bronze  Medal. 

"  The  Woods  and  Plantations  upon  the  Estate  of 

."     By    George   Dodds,    Wentworth.      No.    2 

Silver  Medal. 

A  12-feet  length  of  "  Watkiu's  Patent  Tape,"  for 
measuring  round  timber.  Rider  &  Son,  London. 
Bronze  Medal. 

Class  II. 

"  Best  kinds  of  Dead  Fence  for  Enclosing  Planta- 
tions."    By  D.  A.  Glen,  Gartshore.     Bronze  Medal. 

Some  discussion  took  place  respecting  the  project 
of  establishing  a  Journal  of  Forestri/.  The  Chairman 
said  the  Council  had  conferred  with  the  Editor  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  and  with  the  authorities  at 
Cooper's  Hill,  and  expressed  the  hope  that,  though 
the  matter  was  at  present  in  abeyance,  it  would 
soon  take  definite  shape.  Mr.  Baxter  and  other 
members  urged  the  Council  to  keep  the  project 
prominently  in  view,  and  it  ajipeared  to  be  the 
general  wish  of  the  meeting  that  a  medium  of  com- 
innnication  for  foresters  should  be  established. 


Law  Notes, 


RICHARDSON  v.  H.  CLARICE  &  CO. 

A  CASE  of  importance  to  seedsmen  was  recently 
tried  in  the  County  Court  at  Selby,  Yorkshire.  The 
action  was  brought  by  Mr.  Joseph  Richardson,  of 
Selby,  against  Messrs.  A.  H.  Clarke  &  Co.,  seed 
merchants,  of  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  to  re- 
cover the  loss  which  he  alleged  he  had  sustained  in 
consequence  of  defendants  supplying  him  with  a 
quantity  of  seed  which  turned  out  to  be  defective. 
In  May,  1886,  the  plaintiff  ordered  of  the  defendants 
a  quantity  of  Turnip  seed,  called  Hartley's  Short- 
top.  After  the  seed  had  sprung  up  and  partlv 
developed  itself  it  was  nsticed  that  it  was  growin" 
into  a  very  peculiarly  shaped  plant,  which,  when 
full  grown,  resembled  something  like  a  small  berry 
tree  [!  ?].  The  plaintiff,  who  is  also  a  seed  merchant, 
had  sold  some  of  the  seed  to  his  customers,  and  had 
thereby  lost  their  custom.  The  damage  charged  was 
£50.  Messrs.  Clarke  &  Co.  had  had  printed  on 
their  invoices  and  catalogues  a  protective  clause, 
which  stated  that  they  would  not  hold  themselves 
responsible  either  as  to  the  quality  or  production  of 
their  seed.  It  was  a  customary  thing  with  seed 
merchants  to  print  a  clause  of  this  kind  on  all  their 
invoices  and  catalogues.  It  was  impossible  to  tell 
Swede  Turnip  seed  from  Rape  seed  ;  no  person  could 
tell  the  difference  between  the  two  ;  therefore  it  was 
an  impossible  condition  to  guarantee. 

The  plaintiff,  who  was  called  and  examined  by  his 
solicitor.  Mr.  Burton,  said,  he  ordered  the  seed,  and 
sowed  a  quantity  of  it  on  his  farm.  When  grown  it 
turned  out  to  be  some  wild  plant,  the  like  of  which 
he  had  never  seen  before.  He  had  sold  some  of  the 
seed  to  various  persons.  He  had  received  several 
complaints  from  his  customers,  and  when  he  saw  in 
November  of  last  year  Jhe  kind  of  plants  that  had 
grown  from  the  .seed,  he  wrote  at  once  to  the 
defendants  complaining  of  the  seed. 

At  the  close  of  the  plaintiff's  case,  Mr.  Dauckwerts 
submitted  that  there  was  no  case  made  out  by  the 
plaintiff.  The  plaintiflF  had  received  catalogues 
before  he  had  the  goods,  and  on  the  catalogues,  in- 


voices, and  letters,  &c.,  there  was  printed  the  non- 
guarantee  notice,  and,  therefore,  the  defendants  were 
not  responsible  for  the  crop.  Accompanying  the 
goods  was  sent  a  notice  to  the  effect,  that  unless 
the  plaintiff  accepted  the  seeds  on  those  terms  they 
were  to  be  returned.  It  was  admitted  by  one 
of  the  plaintirt's  witnesses,  that  it  was  the"  uni- 
versal practice  amongst  wholesale  seedsmen  to  insert 
the  notice  in  catalogues,  invoices,  &c..  and  there  was, 
therefore,  no  need  to  call  plaintiff's  special  attention 
to  it.  He  quoted  from  several  reported  cases  in  sup- 
port of  his  contention. 

His  Honour,  in  giving  his  judgment,  said,  that  he 
could  not  but  take  notice  of  the  fact,  that  Mr.  Smith 
had  admitted  that  it  was  the  general  practice  amongst 
seedsmen  to  print  such  a  clause  as  the  one  referred 
to  on  all  their  invoices  and  circulars.  In  the  face  of 
the  evidence  which  had  been  submitted  he  could  not 
think  it  was  an  unreasonable  qualification,  and 
should,  therefore,  nonsuit  the  plaintiff  with  costs  for 
the  defendants. 


The  Weather. 

[Accmnulated  temperatu 

duration  of  the  excei,  _.   „ 

below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees— a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
■"••ersely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperatdbe. 

Above  or 

Accumulated. 

is 

ss 

Districts. 

below  the 

^^ 

^ 

Mean  for 

•S^' 

^^ 

the     week 
ending 

Tfe 

|l 

s  1     5  5 

<i:    'ni 

Principal    Wheat^pro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day-  1  Day- 

duLing  Districts. 

deg. 

deg. 

deg.  1  deg. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

0  (aver.): 

92 

0 

+  207  +    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.     ... 

3  above 

12.5 

0 

+  233  +     41 

2.  England.  N.E.  ... 

2  above 

136 

0 

+  111  -t-    82 

.3.  England,  E.      ... 

0  (aver.) 

140 

0 

-1-      71+  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.   ... 

2  above 

148 

0 

+    64  +  166 

5.  England,  S,      ... 

2  above 

148 

0 

—      6+161 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W,   ... 

1  above 

116 

0 

+  140  +    47 

7.  England, N.W.... 

1  above 

133 

0 

+    87,+  118 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

2  above 

146 

0 

+    96'+  173 

9.    IRELAND.       .          ... 

1  above 

126 

0 

+  263+23 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

3  above 

144 

0 

+  263'+    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

2  above 

148 

0 

+    23+    77 

Bainfall 

BRI8HT 

SmrsaiiTE. 

Districts. 

•a  o 

{1! 

.d 
I*' 

Or; 

w 

s 

3a -S 

hi 

=1  - 

las 
£   1 

Principal     Wheat-pro- 
ducing District!*. 

Tenths   of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland.  N.    ... 

5  more 

119 

S1.2 

25 

25 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

4  less 

88 

10.6 

43 

34 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

5  less 

79 

7.3 

49 

34 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

4  less 

74 

8.3 

71 

43 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

4  less 

73 

8.8 

48 

37 

5.  England,  S. 

4  less 

70 

8.7 

60 

40 

Principal  Grazing.  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

.1  less 

04 

18.3 

.lO 

37 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

0  less 

74 

11.0 

49 

39 

S.  England,  S.W.... 

4  less 

75 

10.2 

62 

47 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

2  less 

91 

13.8 

24 

35 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

4  less 

76 

12.B 

38 

43 

—  Channel  Islands 

4  less 

84 

8.8 

69 

61 

JtTLT  SO,   1887.] 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHfRONICLE. 


143 


THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  July  25,  is  famished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  weather  has  undergone  a  gradual  change, 
and  become  generally  unsettled.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  week  it  was  fine  in  all  districts,  but  on 
the  21st  rain  set  in  over  Ireland  and  Scotland,  and 
by  the  close  of  the  period  unsettled  weather  had  ex- 
tended to  all  parts  of  the  kingdom. 

"  The  temperature  has  been  about  equal  to  the 
average  in  '  Scotland,  N.'  and  '  England,  E.,'  but  a 
little  above  it  elsewhere,  the  excess  being  greatest 
(3°)  in  '  Scotland,  E.'  and  '  Ireland,  S.'  The  highest 
readings  were  recorded  as  a  rule  on  the  I9th  or  20th, 
but  in  some  parts  of  England  on  the  22nd,  the  ther- 
mometer rising  to  83°  or  84°  in  nearly  all  the 
English  districts,  as  well  as  in  '  Ireland,  S.,"  and  to 
between  70°  and  79°  in  Scotland  and  the  north  of 
Ireland.  The  lowest  readings,  varying  from  37°  in 
'  England.  E.' (at  Hillington).  to  46°  in  'England, 
N.W.,'  47°  in  'England,  N.E.,'  and  41°  in  the 
Channel  Islands  were  observed  on  various  dates. 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  considerably  less  than  the 
mean  in  all  districts  excepting  '  Scotland.  N.,'  where 
a  decided  excess  is  shown. 

"  Bright  sunshine  has  been  less  prevalent  than  it 
was  last  week  over  Ireland  and  the  gi-eater  part  of 
Scotland,  but  somewhat  more  prevalent  elsewhere. 
The  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration 
varied  from  24  in  '  Ireland,  N.,'  and  25  in  '  Scot- 
land, N.,'  to  69  in  the  Channel  Islands,'  and  71  in 
'  England,  E.'  " 

MEAN  TEMPERATUKE  OBSER^'ED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
DiO  THE  WEEK  ENDING  AUGUST  6.  (AVERAGE 
OF  FORTY-THREE  YEARS.) 


July  3\    ... 

...    63°.3 

Aug.   4 

..    63° 

2 

Aug.    1    ... 

...    63°.2 

„     5 

.    63° 

1 

,.      3   ... 

...   ea^.s 

„      6 

..    63° 

1 

„      3    ... 

...    63°.2 

Mean  for  the  week 

.    63° 

2 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Balsams  :  B.  Saehs.  The  flowers  sent  of  your  im- 
proved Rose-flowered  strain  of  these  flowers  are 
exceedingly  neat  in  form,  very  double,  and  of 
varied  and  pleasing  tints. 

Books  on  Herbaceous  Plants,  &c.  :  J.  C.  Hardy 
Flowers  (W.  Robinson),  with  cuts.  (Murray: 
London.)  Hardy  Herhaceous  and  Alpine  Flowers 
(Sutherland).  (W.  Blackwood  &  Sons  :  London 
and  Edinburgh). — J.  M.  G.  There  is  no  recent 
edition  of  the  book  you  mention.  We  advise  you 
to  procure  Cassell's"  Popular  Gardening  as  best 
suited  for  your  purpose.  It  is,  however,  in  four 
volumes.  "Hooker's  Primer  of  Botany,  to  be  had 
of  Messrs.  Macmillan,  Covent  Garden,  for  a  shil- 
ling, will  answer  your  purpose  ;  or  Botany  for 
Beginners  (Messrs.  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.). 

Caenation  Seedling  :  A.  S.  A  pretty  flower,  but 
there  are  many  better. 

Clematis  Jackmanni  :  W.  K.  This  is  a  hardy  climb- 
ing shrub,  not  an  herbaceous  perennial.  The  col- 
lection you  speak  of  should  have  been  disqualified 
by  the  judges. 

Ckocuses  :  jff .  G.  M.  Crocuses  produce  seed-pods  in 
■  borders  as  well  as  in  pots,  even  when  it  may  not 
happen,  as  in  your  case,  that  the  corms  do  not 
become  dried  up;  but  these  being  usually  just 
above  the  ground  often  escape  the  notice  of  the 
nuobservant.  Seedlings  under  good  treatment 
may  flower  in  the  third  year. 

Diseased  Baek  :  Mrs.  W.  The  additional  specimens 
sent  show  clearly  that  the  cause  of  the  injury  is  a 
beetle  (Scolytus  destructor,  fig.  34,  p.  138),  the 
grub  of  which  eats  out  channels  in  the  bark,  as 
shown  in  the  woodcut.  Scrape  off  the  outer  bark 
and  apply  in  March  a  coating  of  tar  and  train  oil. 
Lime-water  and  soot  has  also  been  recommended. 

Ereesias:  Ignoramus.  It  is  not  essential  that  these 
should  be  repotted  every  year — although  finer 
bloom  results  when  it  is  done — unless  the  bulbs 
are  very  numerous  in  the  pots  ;  but  in  August  and 
September  the  drainage  must  be  put  in  order,  and 
the  soil  be  picked  out  down  to  the  bulbs,  and 
replaced  with  new.      Freesias   need,   like    other 


deciduous  bulbs,  a  period  of  rest  after  the  foliage'is 
fully  grown,  or  began  to  decay. 

Grapes  :  A  Young  Journeyman.  See  our  last  volume, 
April  23,  p.  548,  and  June  11.  p.  780.  It  is  a  bad 
case  of  shanking. 

Insects  ;  A.  0.  W.  The  mvriapod  which  has  ap- 
peared in  your  Melon-house  is  probably  a  new 
imported  species,  It  is  not  figured  in  Berlesi's 
great  work.  It  may  be  trapped  by  slices  of  Potato 
laid  in  the  beds.— J",  if.  After  carefully  exa- 
mining the  various  kinds  of  plants  of  which  you 
sent  fragments,  we  have  only  succeeded  in  finding 
one  small  female  coccus  with  two  or  three  young 
ones,  and  a  very  minute  white  aphis.  Fumigation 
and  svringing  will  check  these  troublesome  in- 
sects." /.  0.  W.  —  Thym  ^-  Paton.  The  slimy 
worms  are  the  larvte  of  the  saw-fly,  illustrated  in 
our  last  issue,  p.  110. 

MahSchal  Niel  Rose  :  Cambrian.  The  Rose  should 
have  some  of  its  best  ripened  wood  laid-in  every 
spring  at  pruning  time,  cutting  out  some  of  the 
older  wood  to  make  room  for  it,  and  to  prevent 
crowding.  Some  of  this  young  growth  may  be 
laid  in  without  cutting  it  back  ;  this  will  furnish 
the  earlier  blooms;  the  rest  of  the  young  wood 
may  be  cut  back  to  various  lengths  ;  by  these 
means  you  will  keep  the  Rose  furnished  with 
flowering  wood  from  the  bottom  upwards.  So 
much  for  the  treatment  of  a  healthy  plant ;  but  as 
yours  is  totally  without  young  shoots  at  the  lower 
part,  and  produces  no  flowers  at  all,  the  shoots 
should  be  cut  back  severely  in  November,  and  the 
soil  about  the  roots  removed  and  replaced  in  great 
part  by  sound  loam,  a  little  lime  rubbish,  and 
leaf-mould,  giving  a  mulch  of  rotten  manure  after 
growth  has  begun  in  the  spring.  Do  not  give 
manurial  stimulants  of  any  kind  the  first  season, 
except  what  may  be  supplied  by  the  mulching. 
By  cutting  back  late  in  the  autumn  the  buds,  if 
the  house  be  kept  as  cool  as  possible,  will  break 
out  of  the  old  wood  in  great  numbers,  but  if  the 
process  of  wood-bud  forming  be  hurried,  the  young 
shoots  will  be  few  and  weak. 

Names  of  Plants:  R,  E.  1.  Stuartia  virginica;  2. 
Lyonia  ligustrina  ;  3,  Vaccinium  pennsylvanicum  ; 
4,  Rhamnus  Alaternns ;  5,  Arctostaphylos  Uva- 
iirsi ;  6,  Leucothoe  Mariana. — Arbor.  1,  Populus 
monilifera.  Such  things  as  Poplars  cannot  be 
named  from  a  portion  of  a  leaf;  complete  leaves 
were  not  even  sent.  Twigs  to  show  character, 
whether  angled  or  terete,  should  always  be  sent. — 
T.  K.  4'  Co.  Dictamnus  I'raxinella. — Xame  lost  : 
hold  foliage,  decidmus.  and  two  seed-pods.  Caly- 
canthus  occidentalis. —  W.  W.  1,  Lilium  parda- 
linum  ;  2,  ditto,  if  the  bulb  is  the  same  in  cha- 
racter; 3,  the  same.  Should  any  of  them  have  bulbs 
connected  by  a  runner,  they  will  be  varieties  of 
L.  suberbum. — M.  Y.  P.  Leucadendron  argenteum, 
native  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. — B.  A.  C.  1, 
Echinops  mthenicus  ;  2  and  3,  Eryngium  ;  species 
next  week  ;  4,  Digitalis  lutea. — J.  T.  F.  Lycopo- 
dium  clavatum. —  T.  M.  1,  Cystopteris  bulbiferum  ; 

2,  Pelljea  rotundifolia ;  3,  Athyrium  Filix-foemina 
var. ;  4,  Polystichum  acuminatum  ;  5,  Polypodium 
vulgare  ;  6,  Onoclea  sensibilis. — J.  H.  1,  Ligus- 
trum  lucidum;  2,  a  Cypress,  we  cannot  tell  which  ; 

3,  red-berried  Elder,  not  poisonous,  very  rarely 
fruits  in  this  country  (Sambucus  racemosa) ;  4. 
Jasminum  gracile  ;  5,  J.  revolutum  ;  6,  Strepto- 
solon  Jamesoni. — B.  E.  Spiraea  ariaefolia. — S.  1, 
Scabiosa  columbaria;  2,  Chrysanthemum  alpinum  ; 
3,  Campanula  rotundifolia  ;  4,  C.  pusilla  ;  5,  C. 
macrorhiza?  6,  C.  bonomensis.  — Kent  ^  Brydon. 
1,  Asclepias  curassavica ;  2,  Zephyranthes  cari- 
nata. 

Orchid  Flowers:  J.  Walilir.  All  three  good  speci- 
mens. 

Primtjlas,  Stnonimic  List  of  :  J.  Gatherer.  Apply 
to  the  Assistant  Secretary.  Royal  Horticultural 
Society,  South  Kensington.  London. 

Salt  for  Killing  Weeds  ok  Walks:  J.  B.  The 
kind  of  salt  you  have  purchased  is  that  which  is 
usually  employed  for  the  purpose.  Should  dry 
weather  continue,  it  may  be  sprinkled  in  a  dry 
state  on  the  walks  ;  in  wet  weather,  however,  it  is 
best  used  with  scalding  water  at  the  rate  of  16  oz. 
to  1  gal.  of  water. 

"Vanda  tricolor  :  E.  B.  IV.  A  fine  example. 


Enquiries. 


"  He  that  questioneth  muck  s 


I  learn  muck." — BACON. 


Araucaria  niBRicATA. — I  have  a  fine  specimen  of 
Araucaria  imbricata  and  am  grieved  to  find  the  lower 
branches  dying.  Last  year  three  or  four  died,  and 
this  summer  more  are  dying.  I  believe  the  soil  to 
be  fairly  good  and  the  tree  stands  in  the  centre  of 
a  piece  of  turf  around  which  is  a  carriage  drive. 
Can  you,  or  any  reader  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
who  has  had  a  like  experience,  give  me  any  advice 
as  to  anything  I  can  do  to  arrest  this  upward  dying  ? 
If  so,  I  shall  feel  extremely  grateful,  J.  H.  B.,  Mal- 
vern. [The  ground  may  be  too  rich,  and  the  tree  too 
low,  with  deficient  drainage.  These  trees  always  do 
best,  except  in  very  poor  and  dry  soils,  when  planted 
on  mounds.  Ed.] 

Deodaras. — In  a  gentleman's  garden  situated  in 
Southern  Italy  at  an  altitude  of  about  1100  feet 
above  the  sea,  several  Deodaras  have  lately  shown 
signs  of  decay,  and  the  gentleman  would  be  very 
grateful  to  any  one  who  could  give  advice  so  as  to 
arrest,  if  possible,  further  injury.  One  tree,  which  was 
raised  from  seed  in  the  South  of  Scotland  in  1853, 
and  taken  out  to  Italy  about  two  years  after  that 
date,  now  attains  to  a  height  of  66  feet,  with  a  girth 
at  base  of  6  feet  over ;  a  second  tree  was  of  same 
age,  and  about  same  dimensions  ;  and  a  third  was 
raised  from  seed  at  the  place  about  fifteen  years 
ago.  All  these  are  growing  in  calcareous  soil,  and 
have  lost  about  5  feet  of  their  leaders.  The  dead 
pieces  were  sawn  ofif,  but  the  decay  seems  still  pro- 
ceeding downwards  slowly.  A  Silver  Fir  (large) 
growing  near  them  has  also  lost  some  3  feet  of 
leader,  and  the  disease  is  also  seemingly  descending. 
Another  Deodara  Of  large  size,  gi'owing  about  two 
miles  off,  in  a  deep  clay  soil,  has  also  lost  its  top. 
Any  advice  would  be  thankfully  received  if  sent  to 
F.  N.  R.,  care  of  Sir  W.  Gibson  Carmichael,  Castle 
Craig,  Dolphinton. 


IARKET8. 


COVENT  GARDEN,  July  28. 

[We  cannot  accept  any  editorial  responsibility  for  the  subjoined 
reports,  which,  however,  are  furnished  to  ua  reguliirly 
every  Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal 
salesmen,  who  revise  the  list,  and  who  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  tJiese  quotatioDS 
represent  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our 
report.  The  prices  depend  upon  the  quality  of  the  samples, 
the  supply  in  the  market,  and  they  fluctuate,  not  only 
from  day  to  day.  but  often  several  times  in  one  day.  and 
therefore  the  prices  quoted  as  averages  for  the  past  week 
must  not  be  taken  as  indicating  the  particular  prices  at 
any  particular  date,  and  still  less  can  they  be  taken  as 
guides  to  the  prices  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Thade  for  best  goods  falling  oflf  considerably,  and 
prices  are  again  lower,  our  market  being  well  sup- 
plied with  both  hothouse  and  outdoor  fruit.  James 
Webber,  JVholesale  Apple  Market. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  s.d.  s.d. 

0-18  0  j  Hydrangeas,  doz.   ...  9  0-12  0 
0-60,  Lilium   longiflorum, 

0-9  0        per  dozen 18  0-30  0 

0-12  0  [    —  lancifolium,  doz.  9  0-18  0 
Lobelias,  dozen      ...  3  0-  4  0 
0-60  0  I  Marguerite      Daisy, 
0-24  0        per  dozen 6  0-12  0 

I  Mipuonette,  doz.  ...  4  0-  6  0 
0-18  0  !  Musk,  per  dozen     ...  2  0-  4  0 

I  Myrtles,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  0 

0-24  0  I  Palms,  in  var.,  each  2  &-21  0 

Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 

0-18  0  '    —  ecarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

6-  7  0  '    —  Ivy-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 

I  Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-  9  0 
0-10  0  ScentedVerbena,doz.  4  0-60 
0-9  0  Spiraea,  per  dozen  ...  6  0-  9  0 
0-  8  0  I 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Balsams,  per  dozen...  3 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ...  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
Dracaena  terminalis, 
per  dozen  ...         ...30 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9 
Euonymus,  in     var., 

per  dozen 6 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen 6 

Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

dozen         4 

Ficus  elastica,  each  .  1 
Foliage  plants,  vari- 
ous, each 2 

Fuchsias,  doz.         ...  3 
Heliotrope,  dozen    ...  4 


Cut  Flowers.— Avebage  Wholesale  Prices. 


Communications  Received.— O.  T.— W.  G.  S.— D.  J.— 
W.  S.— W.  S.  M.— J.  J.  W.— .7.  B.  H.— H.  P.  F.— J.  H.  M.— 
W.  C— J.  Holmes.— A.  Dickson  &.  Sons,  Belfast.— E.  P., 
Ghent.— M.  F. — M.  D.  (many  thanks). — G.  S.  S.— M.  Linden, 
Brussels.— E.  W.  S.— G.  G.— W.  B.  H. 


Abutilons,  12  bun  ... 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  blms. 

—  dozen  bunches... 
Cornflower,  12  bun. 
Eucharis,  per  dozen 
Gardenias.  12  blooms 
Heliotropes,  12  spr. 
Jasmine,  white,  bun. 
Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms 

—  lancifolium.  12bl. 
Marguerites,  12  bun. 
Mignonette,  13  bun. 


2  0-40 

3  0-50 
0  6-10 
0  6-10 
3  0-60 
10-20 
3  0-60 

2  0-40 
0  6-10 
0  tj-  0  9 

3  0-60 
16-20 
3  0-60 
3  0-40 


Myosotis.  12  bun.  ...  2  0-  3  0 
Pelargoniums.  12  spr.  0  6-10 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  4-06 
Pinks,  coloured  and 

white,  12  bun.  ...  2  0-40 
Primulas,  double,  12 

sprays        0  &-  1  0 

Pyretbrum,  12  bun...  2  0-60 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-16 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6-10 

—  red,  perdozen  ...  0  6-  1  0 

—  Saffrano, dozen...  0  9-10 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-40 
TropaBolume,  12  bun.  10-20 
Tuberoses. 12 blms....  0  6-10 


144 


TEE     GARDENEE8'     CEEONIGLE. 


[Jm,T  30,  1887. 


Fbuit.— Average  Wholesale  Pbioes. 


Cherries,  J-sieve  ...3  0-6  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  10-26 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  0  9-16 
Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  each  ...16-3  0 


Peaches,  dozen  ...  2  0-  8  0 
Pine-apples,Eng.,lb.  10-16 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  0  3-10 


Vegetables— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  p.  doz....  4  0-  ... 
Aubergines,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
BeaBS,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  spring, 

each  0  4-  ... 

Celery,  per  bundle  ...16-2  0 
Cucumbers,  each  ...0  6-10 
Endive,  per  dozen 
Green  Mint,  bunch. 
Herbs,  per  bunch  , 
Leeks,  per  bunch  , 
Lettuce,  per  dozen , 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each, 


,30-. 


Mushrooms,    punnet  1  6- 
Mastard    and  Cress, 

punnet      0  4- 

Onions,  per  bushel 
Parsley,  per  bunch, 
Peas,  per  quart 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    , 

,,  kidney,  percwt.  4  0- 
Shallots,  per  lb.  ...  0  3- 
Spinach,  per  bushel...  6  0- 
Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0- 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ...  0  9- 
Turnips.  new,  hunch  0  8- 
Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  3- 


4  0-  . 

0  6-  . 

1  0-  . 
4  0-  i 


Potatos.— Old  Potatos  about  finished.    Jerseys  range  from  ; 
to  95.  per  cwt. ;  Cherbourgs,  from  6s.  to  Is.  per  cwt. 


SEEDS. 

LoKDOS:  JiUy  27.— Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  E.G.,  report 
a  stronger  inquiry  for  Trifolium  at  increased  rales. 
Of  English  the  supply  was  comparatively  small, 
whilst  French  offerings  diminish.  In  sowing  Mus- 
tard there  is  more  doing.  Rape  seed  keeps  finn. 
For  yearling  Clover  seed  a  small  speculative  demand 
is  felt.  The  new  French  Italian  Kye  grass  being 
choice  and  extremely  cheap,  e.xcites  attention.  Fine 
blue  Peas  easily  command  enhanced  quotations. 
The  new  crops  are  very  badly  spoken  of.  In  Hemp 
seed  the  tendency  is  upwards.  Canary  seed  is 
unchanged. 

FBTIIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Julyll. — The  vegetable 
trade  has  been  good,  with  very  fair  supplies.  Pota- 
tos in  request,  supplies  of  Jersey  and  English  being 
satisfactory.  Fruit  also  well  disposed  of.  Quota- 
tions ;  —  Gooseberries,  Is.  6d.  to  2s.  3d.  per  half- 
sieve  ;  Apples,  4s.  6A  to  6s.  Qd.  per  bushel ;  Straw- 
berries 25.  to  3s.  Gd.  per  peck  ;  red  Currants,  2s.  dd. 
to  3s.  M.  per  half-sieve ;  black  Currants,  3s.  6rf.  to 
4s.  do. ;  white  Cherries,  3s.  Qd.  to  4s.  Gd.  do. ;  black 
Cherries,  3s.  to  4s.  do. ;  Raspberries,  3s.  to  4s.  per  dozen 
pounds  (in  pound  punnets) ;  Cabbagei,  2s.  Gd.  to 
4s.  Qd.  per  tally  ;  Cos  Lettuces,  Sd.  to  Is.  per  score  ; 
bunch  Onions,  2s.  6ii.  to  4s.  per  dozen  bunches ; 
bunch  Turnips,  25.  6d.  to  3s.  6d.  do. ;  bunch  Carrots, 
2s.  to  3s.  do. ;  Peas,  6s.  to  75.  &d.  per  bag ;  ditto, 
3s.  dd.  to  4s.  &d.  per  sieve  ;  bunch  Mint,  35.  to  bs, 
per  dozen  bunches ;  Parsley,  35.  do. ;  frame  Cucum- 
bers, 35.  6rf.  to  4s.  per  dozen ;  common  ditto.  Is.  to 
Is.  U.  do. 

Stratford  :  July  26.— The  market  has  been  well 
supplied  during  the  past  week,  and  a  brisk  trade 
was  done.  Quotations: — Cabbages,  3s.  to  5s.  per 
tally ;  Carrots,  household,  25.  to  3s.  per  dozen 
bunches;  Mangels,  135.  to  14s.  per  ton;  Apples, 
English,  85.  per  bushel ;  Vegetable  Marrows,  Is.  6rf. 
to  2s.  per  dozen  ;  Beans,  scarlet,  55.  to  6s.  per  sieve  ; 
do.  Broad,  3s.  to  3s.  6rf.  per  bag ;  Currants,  black,  65. 
per  sieve ;  do.  red,  3s.  per  half-sieve  ;  Peas,  6s.  per 
bag;  Parsley,  2s.  to  2s.  (id.  per  dozen  bunches; 
Cherries,  white,  75.  per  half-sieve  ;  do.  black,  6s.  do. ; 
Plums,  35.  per  box  ;  Greengages,  45.  to  Ss.  per  box. 


POTATOS. 

BoRonoH  AND  Spitalfields  :  Ja/y  26. —Supplies 
for  the  period  are  moderate,  and  owing  to  the  dry 
weather  during  the  earlier  period  of  growth,  large 
Potatoes  are  scarce  and  dear  ;  small  moderate  in 
price.  Trade  slow  at  the  following  quotations: — 
Essex  kidneys,  7s.  to  9s. ;  do.  Shaws,  6s.  to  8s. ; 
Early  Roses,  5s.  to  6s. ;  Hebrons,  65.  61/.  to  8s. ; 
Myatts,  7s.  to  9s. ;  Jersey  kidneys,  8».  to  9j. ;  Cher- 
bourg do.,  8e.  to  95. ;  do.  round,  6s.  Qd.  to  75.  6(/. 
per  cwt. 

CoLtiMBiA  (East  London) :  July  27.— Quotations  : 
— Jersey  flukes,  7s.  ^.  to  Ss.  ;  do.  rounds,  5s.  &d.  to 
65. ;  Cherbourg  flukes,  7s.  to  8s.  ;  do.  rounds,  65.  6rf. 
to  6s.  English  :  Beauty  of  Hebrons,  6s.  (d.  to  7s. ; 
do.  kidneys,  7s.  to  85. ;  do.  Shaws,  5s.  6d.  to  6«. ;  do. 
early  rounds,  6s.  to  65.  6rf.  per  cwt.  Dutch,  2».  9rf. 
to  3s.  per  basket. 


A    Growing    Industry.  —  Market-Gardening. 
Punch. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Prize  Mi 
Quality,  THE  BEST  to  the  Market.     (All  racks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ...    bs.  per  sack  ;  b  sticks  for  22s.  6d. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ...  4.5.  id.    „        5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    bs.^.    ,,        5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     ") 

PREPABED  COMPOST,  best      (is.  per  bush.,  3!.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  (        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  ed.  jer  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    Sd:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Sp«cialite)       Sd.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
MUSHBOOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack  ...    6s.  per  bushel. 
CHUBB'S"  PERFECT  "FER-I  In  bags. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  ( 


all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  (Tins.  7lb.  14lb.  28lb.  661b.  1  cwt. 

Fruits,  Vegetables,  &c.     ...)    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-     14/-    22/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality         1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 

VIROm  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    31-    5/6    10/6    17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  6d.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBEE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  Is.  each  :  10  sacks,  9s. ;  16  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. ; 

30  sacks.  2.5s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.    Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.     Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 

in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  Gd.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat.  6s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM.  7s.  6d.  per 
bag.    SILVER  .SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  ASD  CO..  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 


#>«^y?#^ 


WEED- KILLER,  for  destroying  Weeds  on  Carriage  Drives, 
Garden  Walks,  Stable  Yards,  &c.  Prices ;— Per  galloD,  2s., 
tins  included  ;  5  gallons.  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallons.  Is  4d. 
per  gallon.     One  gallon  makes  26  gallons. 

WORM-KILLEit.  for  eradicating  worms  from  Tennis 
Courts,  Lawns,  and  Plants  in  Pots.  Prices:— In  bottles, 
Is.  3d.  and  2s.  6rf  ;  per  gallon.  6*. 

THE     **  INVICTA  "     INSECTICIDE. 

For  destroyinf];  insects  and  parasit'-s,  su'-h  as  mralv-bug. 
scale,  thrips,  red  spider.  American  blipht,  &c.  In  Uw^.  Is.  'A,/. 
and  2s.  6d. ;  per  y;alIou,  9s. 

The  "INVICTA"  MILDEW  DESTROYER 

An  unfailing  remedyfor  mould  and  mildewon  Roses.  \'iiies.,^c. 
In  bottles.  Is.  and  2s. 


Soft  Proprietors  mid  .Mmufirturrrs. 

THE  AGRI-HOKTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY. 
TONBRIDGE,  KENT. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and   Florists. 
Note.— There  is  no  branch  of  our  business  at  Glasgow  or 
not  connected  with  any  company  of  a 


else%vhere,  and 


lilar  r 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE 

id.  per  bushel ;  IMI  for  25s. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40s. ;  4-bu9hel  bags,  4d.  each . 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  ed.  per  sack ;  i  sacks, 
26s.  ;  sacks.  4rf.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  5  sacks,  22s. ;  sacks, 
id.  each. 

COAKSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  M.  per  bushel ;  15s.  per  half 
ton  ;  26s.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS.  8s.  ed.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  RUSSU  MATS.  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  0.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17A,  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 

ORTICULTURAL     SOILS,     MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75a.  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.C..  near  Mansion  House  Station.    Depfit:  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams-"  Florioultube.  London."    Established  1864. 

pEAT   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 

-1-       Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  api^y  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Ma^cal  Estate.  North  Ci  ly,  Kent. 

ORCHIK    PEAT. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  C(X,  23,  Leadenhall  Street, 
•  London,  E.G..  having  j  ist  received  thehighest  of  testi- 
monials (unsolicited)  from  on)  of  the  largest  Orchid  Growers 
in  England,  stating  the  Strii'ks  of  ORCHID  PE.AT  just  re- 
ceived, to  be  by  far  the  best  ever  introduced,  are  therefore  in- 
duced to  place  this  fact  before  consumers.  Samples  can  be 
seen  at  above  address,  or  forwarded  on  application. 

A.  JOHNSON  AND  CO.  hare  also  an  estat*  with  some  good 
GENERAL  PEAT  upon  it. 


W  Orchid  Feat— a  Specialty! 

WOOD  AND  SON  are  now  cutting  from 
•    THE  NEW  ESTATE  (the  only  estate  celebrated  for 
its  special  quality  of  ORCHID  PEAT). 

Send  for  Sample.    Special  Quotations. 
Wood  Green,  London,  N. 

The  Best  Manure  for  all  Horticultural  Purposes  Is 

KICHARD  MANN  and  CO.'S 
UNIVERSAL  FERTILISER. 
It  is  the  mojit  effective  and  permanent  fertiliser  in  the 
market.  We  have  taken  over  1000  First  Prizes  for  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables  grown  with  this  Manure.  In 
tins.  Is.  ;  bags,  7  lb..  2s.  ed.  ;  14  lb.,  4s.  6rf. ;  28  lb.,  7s.  td. ; 
66  lb..  12s.  ed. ;  112  lb.,  20s.,  aU  carriage  paid.  We  also 
supply  finest  quality  Fish  Guano,  pure  Dissolved  Bones,  and 
Crushed    Bones,   in   1    cwt.   bags,   10s.,   carriage    paid.      Dr. 


GJ.ARDEN  and  FARM  REQUISITES.— 
r  Archangel,  Petersburg,  Garden  and  Packing  MATS  of 
every  description.  RAFFIA,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  CLOTH  : 
GREENHOUSE  SHADINGS  of  all  kinds;  PEAT,  LOAM, 
SILVER-SAND,  and  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE;  GARDEN 
NETTING  and  TOOLS :  RICK-CLOTHS  and  TARPAULINS 
for  sale  or  hire;  MARQUEE,  TENT,  and  FLAG  Makers; 
JUBILEE  TENT,  26s.  each,  complete. 
„,,.    ,         .„  CO.,  129,   Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 


SLY,  DIBBLE 


Dlu-strated  Catalogues  post^fn 


TREPHO  forORCHIDS. 

For  Potting,  Rafts,  Blocks,  &c.    To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S., 

75a,    queen     VICTORIA    STREET.    E.C. ;    and 

SWAN  PLACE,  OLD  KENT  ROAD,  S.E. 

CATALOGUE  of  all  Horticui-ti'Ral  Rrquisites  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  descriptions. 

ISHURST   COMPOUND,   used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew. 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water;  4  to  16  ouncesas  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes,  Is..  3s..  and  10s.  ed. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes.  6d.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

Use  Antimonial 

RED      RUBBER 
GARDEN  HOSE. 

Originated  by  me  when  with  Merryweather  &  Sons,  and 
guaranteed  made  from  pure  Para  Fibrous  Rubber,  with 
genuine  antimony. 

Order  any  length  direct,  with  or  without  Fittings,  at  Stores* 
Prices,  and  avoid  worthless  counterfeit  hose. 


J.    H.    HEATHMAN, 

SHOW  ROOMS  :— 2.  ENDELL  STREET.    LONDON,  W.C. 


RIGBY,  WAINWRIGHT  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS, 

Neptune  Works,  Manchester, 
Cotton     Wool    and      Wadding 

for  Florists  and  Nurserymen. 

Send  for  Samples  and  Prices. 


CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  and  packing  free,  and  delivered  to  any  L/^ndon  Station. 

100  sciuares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 


15  0 


21  c 


13}  by   8}  for  10/-  for  14/- 

12  ,,  9  ,,  10/-  ,,  14/-  or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6. 
12  „  10  „  11/-  „  16/6  or  260  squares  8}  by  6},  or  220 
14  ,,  10  ,,  13/-  „  19/-  squares,  9}  by  6},  or  170  .squares, 
14  „  12  „  17/6  „  24/-  9  by  7},  or  1,50  squares.  10  by  8. 
12  ,,12  „  13/-  ,,  20/-  for  10s.  Carriage  paid  tor  all  orders 
18  ,,  12  „  21/-  „  31/-  overJBS. 
20    „  12    .,    24/-  „   35/- 

Cilass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-On,  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  5rf.  per  pound.    Special  quotations 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     BOBIIfSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND    GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
14,  Moor  Lane,  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.C. 


SCRIM,    HESSIAN, 
RUSSIA  MATS,  RAFFIA,  PEAT, 
SAin>,     COCOA    FIBRE    BEFUSE,    &c., 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 

CATALOGUE  on  APPLICATION. 


JAMBS  T.  ANDERSON, 

13S,  COHHEROIAL  STREET,  LONDON,  B. 


joLv  30. 1887.]  THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE.  145 

NEW    EDITION,    CORRECTED    UP    TO    DATE. 


THE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

By  the  late  Sir  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.     Eeprinted  from  the  Gardeners'   Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 
Twenty-five   Copies   5s.,   Fifty   10s.,   and   One   Hundred   20s. 

Parcels  of   not   less   than   twenty-fiye   delivered,   Carriage   Free,   in   London   only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


W.     RICHARDS,     41,     WELLINGTON     STREET,     STRAND,     LONDON,     W.C. 

Fourth   Edition.      Price   \s. 

ON    GEOWING    ROSES     OUT-OF-DOORS. 

By  Rbv.   0.   FISHER. 


Price   Is.   stitched. 

HOW    TO    GROW    ASPARAGUS. 

A  POPULAR  EXPLANATION   OF   THE  BEST   METHOD   OF   CULTURE. 

By  WILLIAM  EARLEY. 


London  :    BRADBXTRY,   AGNEW,   &   CO.,   Bouverie   Street,    E.C. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.  RICHARDS, 

41,  Wbllinqton  Stbebt,  Strand, 
LONDON,  W.C. 


1887. 


Please     send    me    "The      Gardeners'      Chronicle"     for . Months, 

commencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0. . . 


^^^  Please  N^ote  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance. 

THE   UNITED  KINGDOM :  — 12  Months,  15». ;   6  Months,  7s.  Sd. ;   3  Months,  3s.  M. ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17s.  Qi.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  19«.  6d. 

Receipts  for  leas  than  six  months'  subscription  will'i>'&  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.0.0.  to  he  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office,  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS.      ^  ,  o.  c 

Cheguea  should  be  orossed  >•  DSUMMOND."  ''^^  ^"■..^ 


146 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[July  30,  1887. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising, 

Bead  Line  charged  as  two. 

£0 
0 


4  Line 

i..  £0 

3 

0 

15  Lines 

5       „ 

..     0 

'A 

6 

16      „ 

6      „ 

..     0 

4 

0 

17      „ 

7      „ 

..     0 

4 

6 

18      „ 

8       „ 

..     0 

5 

0 

19      „ 

9       „ 

..     0 

5 

6 

20      „ 

10      „ 

..     0 

6 

0 

21      „ 

11       „ 

..     0 

6 

t) 

22      „ 

12      „ 

..     0 

7 

0 

23      „ 

13      „ 

..     0 

7 

6 

24      „ 

14      .. 

..     0 

8 

0 

25      „ 

9  0 

0    9  6 

0  10  0 

0  10  6 

0  11  0 

0  11  6 

0  12  0 

0  12  6 

0  13  0 

0  13  ti 

AND  SIXPENCE   FOR    EVERY  ADDITIONAL  LINE. 

If  set  across  two  Columns,  the  lowest  charee  will  be  20s. 

If  set  across  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30s. 

Page,  £8:     Ha.f  Page.  £4  10s.;    Column.  £:i. 


GAKSENERS  and  OTHERS  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

36  words,  including  name  and  address.  Is.  li(^., 

and  6(/.  for  every  additional  line  (about  9  words)  or  part 

of  a  line. 

THESE  ADVERTISEMENTS    MUST  BE   PREPAID. 

This  scale   does  not  apply  to  announcements  of  Vacant 
Situations,  which  are  charged  at  the  ordinary  scale. 


UfPORTAJfT  NOTfCE.  —  Advertisers  are  cauttoned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-ojftces,  ai 
ait  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  5s.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MUST  reach   the  Office 

bv   Thur^daij  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advance. 

The  United  Kin&do.m  :  12  Months,  IBs. ;  6  Months. 

73.  6d, ;   3  Months,  33.  9d. 

Foreign   (excepting   India  and  China):    including  Postage, 

17s.  6d.  for  12  Months:   India  and  China,  19a.  6d. 

Post-office   Orders   to  be   made   payable    at  the  Post   Office, 

42,  DRUKi'  L.iNE,  W.C.'to  W.  RICHARDS. 

PuBLisHiNO  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  .Strand,  London,  W.C. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES.  — Sticks,    Labels, 
Virgin  Cork,  Raffia,  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Manures,  &c.    Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.G. 

THE    BEST   RE.MtDr    FOR    INDIGESTION. 


NORTON^ 


CAMOMILE    PILLS. 


Arecoiifidfiifly 


•dyfor 


nple  hut  certa 


^^  INDIGESTION  %^ 

Bee  Testimonial,  selected  from  hundreds:— 

CROYDON,  1885. 

"  Havhig  been  a  sufferer  front  Indi- 
gestion for  many  years,  1  am  happy  to 
say  that  I  have  at  last  not  only  been 
relieved  but  perfectly  cured  by  using 
Norton's  Pills,  and  confidently  recom- 
mend them  to  all  suffering; from  the  saine. 
"7.    WILKINSON." 

For  other  Testimonials,  see  Monthly  Magazines. 
Sold  everywherf,  nrire  is.  n  '..  2^.  o /-  antl  lu. 


MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 


E    P     P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 


Accidents   at   Home  and   Abroad. 

Railway  Accidents.  Employer's  Liability,  insured  against  by  the 

I>AILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
^/  OOMPAJfy,  64,  Comhill,  London.  Income,  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,360,000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Office,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C.  ;  Head 
Oface,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.G. 

WILLLAM  J.  VLAN,  Secretary. 


TANNED  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  Ihd.  per 
yard;  10s.  per  100  yards;  25  yards  2  yards  wide  postr 
free  4s. ;  4  yards  wide.  M.  per  yard  ;  20s.  per  100.  NEW 
TWC'E  NETTING,  1  inch  mesh,  1  yard  %vide.  2rf. :  2  yards 
wide,  3d. ;  4  yards  wide,  ed.  per  yard.  COTTON  NETTING, 
54  inches  wide,  19  meshes  to  square  inch.  Id.  per  yard  (best 
article  to  proU^ct  fruit  trees,  &c.).  BAT  FOLUINl}  NETS,  on 
Bamboo  poles,  205.    CLAP  NETS,  for  birds,  30s. 

W.  CULLINGFORD,  Forest  Gate,  London,  E. 


Rosber's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE    ABOVE   and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.     The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
KITCHEN    Q.ARDENS,     as 
they   harbour    no    Slugs    or 
1,  take  up  little 
ce  put  down  inc 
further  labour  or  expen 
do  "grown"  Edgings, 
quently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsiand  Road,  E. 

Agents    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT     "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,   and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatoriea,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZEO    TILES,   for  Lining    Walls   of   Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Range.q,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings.  Drain  Pipes  and  Tilea 

of  all  kinde.  Rooting  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AN-D  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER         SAND, 

O  fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.  Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.    Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 

FLINTS  and  BKICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 

KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 


A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3d3  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  st«ck. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FABUILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS.  LE.1D.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

34,  St.  John   Street,  West  SmltMeld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chronicle. 


FREDERICK    L.    MAY    &    CO., 

(Publishers  of  May's  Press  Gi'ide.) 
ADVEKTISING  AGENTS, 
159,  PICC.-IDILLY, 
London,  W., 
RECEIVE  ADVERTISEMENTS  for  all  London,   Provincial, 
Continental,   Colonial,  and  American  Newspapers  and  other 
Publications,  for  one  or  any  number  of  insertions,  and  are  pre- 
pared  to  open  accounts    with    Solicitors,    Auctioneers,    and 
others  on  approval  of  references. 
Special  advantages  to  Large  Advertisers. 
Established  18S0. 
Only  Address— 1.59,  PlccADnXT,  London,  W. 

,\     DVERTISEMENTS 

JrX.  Inserted  in  the  DA/L  YNEWS  and  in  aU 

LONDON,    PROVINCIAI,,    and    FOREIGN    NEWSPAPERS. 
Exceptional  Terms  for  a  Series. 

CONTRACTORS  for  the  SPECIAL  CORNER  POSITIONS 

On  PAGES  2,  3,  and  6  of  the  GLOBE. 

The  SPECIAX  CORNERS  of  the  EVENING  STANDAMD. 

And  the  SPECIAL  CORNERS  on  FRONT  PAGE  of  the 

PEOPLE. 

Sole  Agents  for  all  Advertisements  in  the 

OtFICIAL  GOVERNMENT  POLICE  GAZETTE. 

■WILLING'B.  12B,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


Telegraph  Address—"  WILLINQ'3,  London.' 
Telephone  No.  2773. 


Farms,  Estates,  Eesidences. 

Any  one  desirous  of   Renting  a  Farm  or  Residence, 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES'  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  Ihe  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  addressed  "  Midland  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  .advertisements  relating  to 
Farms,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


Covent  Garden  Market,  W.C. 

PARTNER  WANTED.  Whole  attention  re- 
quired. Must  be  adapted  to  the  business,  and  be 
energetic— G.  B.,  Gardeners' Chronicle  Of&ce,  41,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand,  W.C.    

--pHREE      GARDENERS      REQUIRED.  — 

X  A  HEAD  G.4itDENER,  who  understands  Hothouses  and 
Ornamental  Gardtning.  Alsoa  HEAD  KITCHEN  GARDENER ; 
also  a  MAN  to  Assist  the  latter  and  who  understands  Cows 
and  Poultry.  All  three  must  be  thoroughly  comptent  and  have 
had  good  experience.  Abstainers  preferred.  All  to  live  off  the 
premises.  N  .B.  It  is  important  that  the  wife  of  one  should  bo 
a  good  Laundress.— Apply  by  letter  lo  G.  L.,  Wm.  Dawson  & 
Sons,  121,  Cannon  Street,  London,  E.C.  


WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  single,  to  go  to 
the  South  of  France. — Must  understand  Fruit,  Flower, 
and  V^egetable  Growing  for  Market,  and  Superintend  Vine- 
yards; he  will  have  several  men  under  him.— Apply  per- 
sonally before  9  o'clock  any  morning  at  St.  George's  Club, 
Hanover  Square,  W.,  to  B-  B  .  or  bv  letter. 


Shopman  (under  Principal). 

WT'ANTED,  an  energetic  MAN,  of  good 
Vt  experience,  and  a  good  correspondent. — State  salary, 
&c.,  to  G.  P.  C,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


W7ANTED,  a  young  MAN,   accustomed  to 

Vt  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making,  to  take  charge  of 
Plants  under  the  Foreman,  and  to  Wait  on  Customers.- Apply, 
stating  wages  required  and  all  particulars,  to  GAHAWAY  and 
CO.,  Durdham  Down  Nurseries,  Clifton,  Bristol. 


WANTED,    a  young  man   as   ASSISTANT 
FLORIST.      Fruit    experience.      References.— Apply 
BOREOWDALE,  Bouri 


\^ 


/"ANTED,  good   HANDS,  in  a  West   End 

Florist's  Shop.— -ipply.  by  letter,  to  A.  Z.,  Royal  Nur- 


W  ANTED,  a  respectable  Young  MAN,  to  go 
with  Hor^e  Mower  and  Outdoor  Work.  Wages  to 
commence,  lii.*.  per  week — lodging,  milk,  and  vegtabl&s  free. — 
.\pplv  bv  letter  to  THOS.  PLU.MB,  The  Gardens,  Swinfen  Hall, 

Lichfield. 


GARDENING    APPOINTMENT. 

Mr.  .Iohn  Mabti-v,  late  of  The  Garden."!, 
.\lton  Towers,  has  been  appointed  Gardener  to 
J.  E.  LiGHTFOOT,  Esq.,  yuairy  IIill,  .\ccringtoii. 


WANT     PLACES. 

POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers,  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — /(  3.5  very  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  tt  should  defined  in  payable  at  No.  42.  DitlRY  LANE, 
to  W.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  whose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B.—The  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instaJices 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements  are 
received  icithout  name,  address,  or  anything  beyond  the 
postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify  the  sender;  this 
in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  fre- 
quently the  sender  cannot  he  identified  at  aiU 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give  their 
Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to  the  Adver- 
tisement which  they  wish  repeated. 

ICH  ARD      SMITH      and      Co! 

beg  to  annoxmce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
ic. — St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worrx'-ster. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  conti- 
dence,  energetic  and  practical  jMEN  of  tested  ability  and 
firat-rate  character.  Ladiey  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establishmenta, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged.— JOHN  LAING 
AND  CO.,  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S^E^ 


Gardeners.  Under  Gardeners.  Bailiffs,  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whosecharacters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  as  to  abilities.  &c.— Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-clasa 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son,  Highgate  Nuraeriea,  N. 


JotT  30,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


147 


To  Noblemen  and  Oentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 
STEWARDS,  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
time^  upon  their  Register  reliable  aad  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Meiers.  Carter. 
Enquiries  shoul.i  be  made  to  2S1  and  238,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 

rpHE      LIVERPOOL      HORTICULTURAL 

X  CO.  (John  Cowan).  Limited.  The  Vineyard  and  Nnr- 
8erie9,  Garaton,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEA1> 
GARDENER,  ajid  also  another  MAN,  who,  in  addition  to  beinn 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  I^arge 
Establishment^. 

URSERY    MANAGER.— Experienced; 

accustomed  to  first-rate  Private  as  well  as  Wholesale 
Trade  ;  is  open  to  an  engagement  should  a  suitable  appointment 
o£f«r.— PYRUS,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

RCHIB     GROWER,     or     HEAD      GAR- 

DENER  (Working).— Sixteen  years'  thorough  know- 
ledge in  all  branches.  Strongly  recommended  for  Orchid 
Growing  by  one  of  the  best  growers  of  the  day.  Excellent 
characters.  Abstainer.— A.  B.  (.;.,  Parade,  Church  Road,  Ted- 
dington,  S.W. 


ORCHID  GROWER,  or  FOREMAN  ;  age  25. 
—J.  Stewart,  The  Gardens,  Langford  Park,  Maldon, 
Essex,  can  confidently  recommend  his  Foreman,  E.  Bristow, 
who  has  been  with  him  five  years,  to  any  one  requiring  his 
;ither  of  the  above  capacities. — Address  as  above. 


C>  ARDENER    (Head).  —  Age  31,  married 
T    thoroughly    experienced.    Insuie    and    Out.  —  W      ^ 
Hillside  Grove,  Chase  Road,  Southgate,  N. 


18, 


GARDENER  (Head).  —  Age  26,  single  ; 
understands  Vines,  Cucumbers.  Tomatos,  Flowers,  and 
Kitchen  Garden.  Ten  years' experience.  Excellent  character. 
—A.  G.  BOURNE^  King's  Road,  Guernsey. 

0^  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  30,  married,  one 
T  child ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession.  Exceptionally  good  references  as  to  character  and 
capability  from  firat-class  places.  Disengaged  through  death. 
— M.,  Mrs.  Greenaway,  Didmarton,  Chippenham,  Wilts. 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;    age  41,  married,   no 
encumbrance.— D.  NoRRiS  begs  to  offer  his  servicer  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical,  ener- 
getic   man,    as    above.      Undeniable    character.— 10,    Wright 
Cottage.  Langley  Road.  Watford. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  Age  32,  married; 
can  be  highly  recommended  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman 
requiring  the  services  of  a  good  all-round  Gardener.  Three 
years  in  present  situation. — W.,  Mr.  Charlton,  Hatton  House, 
Chislehnrst. 

G'^  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  44  ;  married,  no 
T  family.  Twelve  years  in  present  situation,  county  of 
Durham.  Thoroughly  understands  the  Growing  of  Fruit. 
PlantH,  and  Flowers.  Unexceptional  references.—Full  par- 
ticalari  on  application  to  DICKSON,  BROWN  and  TAIT, 
Seed  Merchants,  Manchester. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working).— Age    28, 

single  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  the  Growing  of  Fruit, 
Flowen,  and  Vegetables.  Can  be  well  recommended  as  to 
character  and  abiUty.— T.  STACK,  Treberfydd,  Bwlch  E.S.O., 
Breconsliire. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Four  years 
Orchid  Grower.  Thorough  practical  knowledge.  Early 
and  Late  Forcing,  Fruit  and  Flowers,  and  the  Management  of 
a  good  Garden.— J.  PAYNE,  Mr.  Jewel,  11,  High  Street, 
Lewisham,  Kent. 

r^  ARDENER   (Head   Working).— Age    32, 

vJT  married.- A  Gentleman,  giving  up,  wishes  to  recom- 
mend his  Head  Gardener  as  a  thorough  practical  man  in  all 
branches.  Fruit  Culture  a  specialty.— H.  T.,  Fullbrook's, 
Worcester  Park,  Surrey.       

ARDENER  (Head  AVorking)  ;    age  30.— 

Mr.  Forbes,  Gardener  to  W.  Drury  Lowe,  Esq.,  Locko 
Park,  near  Derby,  can  highly  recommend  his  Foreman, 
Frederick  Beney,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
practical  Gardener.  Fourteen  years'  experience.- Address  as 
above. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  more 
are  kept;  age  34,  married.— A  Gentleman  wishes 
to  recommend  his  Gardener,  who  has  been  with  him  five  years, 
to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman,  requiring  a  thoroughly  practical 
and  trustworthy  man,  well-versed  in  every  departi"-"*  ^'■"''- 
teen  years'  experit 


-J.  TIMSON,  Shirley  Croft,  Grantham. 


GARDENER  (Head  Workii^g,  or  good 
Single-handed).— H.  Toms.  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of 
Listowel,  is  open  for  an  engagement  as  above.  Good  character. 
—Kingston  House,  Prince's  Gata.  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  three 
to  five  are  kept.— Age  36,  married,  two  children 
(youngest  8) ;  total  abstainer.  Has  had  twenty  years'  practical 
experience  in  every  branch  of  Grardening.  Is  a  thoroughly 
competent,  reliable,  industrious  and  trustworthy  Gardener. 
First-chiss  Plantsman,  Fruit,  and  Vegetable  Grower.  Excellent 
references.  —  GARDENER,  Mr.  Price,  Florist,  Ewell  Road, 
Su  rbiton .  


GARDENER  (Head,  where  two  or  three 
are  kept,  or  good  Single-handed).— Age  33,  single; 
fifteen  years'  experience.  Good  references. — H.  HINCKS,  9, 
Darwin  Street,  Mountfields,  Frankwell,  Shrewsbury. 

/~1  ARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
VJ"  him. — A  Gentleman  wishes  to  recommend  a  Gardener, 
with  fifteen  years'  good  character.— J.  BARTLETT,  Mrs. 
Carpenter,  Bedhampton,  Havaut,  Hants. 

r^  ARDENER.— Rev.  A.   Johnson   wishes  to 

VlT  recommend  Mr.  Wade,  his  late  Gardener.  Understands 
Vines.  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Twelve  years'  expe- 
rience. Three  and  a  half  years'  good  character.— Rev.  A. 
.TOHNSON,  Great  Berkhamstead.  Herts. 

ARDENER.— A   Gentleman  is  wishful  to 

recommend  a  thoroughly  competent  Gardener,  who  has 
given  complete  satisfaction  in  present  sitation  as  Head  for 
upwards  of  eleven  years.  Leaving  through  death.  Also 
thirteen  years'  experience  in  Nobleman's  establishment. — 
COULDREY.  Daveyhulme  Hall,  irrraston,  Lancashire. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  J.  C. 
Cowley,  Gardener  to  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  Studley  House, 
Shepherd's  Bush,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman, 
Thomas  Stevens,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requirmg  a  prac- 
tical Gardener.  Has  had  great  experience  with  Orchids, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden 
Work.  Three  years'  good  character.- J.  STE^^:NS,  Studley 
House,  Shepherd's  Bush,  W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30  ; 
thoroughly  experienced  and  well  recommcDded  by 
present  and  by  previous  employers.  —  GARDENER,  Arthur 
Skelton,  Leathcrhead,  Surrey. 


GVARDENER  (Workino).— Age  35,  married; 
T  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Good  cha- 
racter from  present  and  previous  employers. — C.  COTTON, 
West  Street,  Reigat^,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  where 
help  is  given).— Age  42 ;  two  and  a  half  years'  personal 
character  from  present  service  and  previous.  References. — 
JAMES  BASING.  Earlham  Grove  House,  Wood  Green,  N. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Under). — 
Age  31.  married,  no  family  ;  understands  Vines,  Fruits, 
Flowers,  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good  reference. — J.  B.,  Long- 
cliff  Terrace,  Kegworth,  near  Derby. 


GARDENER   (Second). —Four  and  a  half 
years'  experience,  chiefly  glass.     Good    references.- 
H.  L.,  Heath  Lodge.  The  Common,  Uxbridge. 

ARDENER   (Second),   in   the    Houses,  or 

Inside  and  Out.— Age  S3;  good  recommendation.  Total 
abstainer.— GEO.  PARRANT,  U,  Bel^^ize  Park  Ternioe,  Belsize 
Lane,  Hampstead.  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Second),  in  Houses,  where 
four  or  five  are  kept.— Agi- 22 ;  good  reference.  Seven 
years'  experience.— G.  S..  The  Gardens,  Lessness  Abbey  Wood, 
Kent. 

ARDENER  (Under).— Age  20;  good  refer- 

ences  from  last  employer.— 5.  Duke  Street.  Norwich. 

GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.-Age  18;  five  years'  experience.— W.  BARTLETT. 
Ful bourn,  Cambs. 

ARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  establish- 

ment.— Age  26,  single ;  good  knowledge  of  both  Inside 
and  Out.  Ten  years'  good  character.- E.  D.  MYNTHURST, 
Leigh.  Reigate.  Surrey. 

GARDENER~(Under),  or  IMPROVER~in 
the  Houses.— Age  20;  five  years'  experience.  Excellent 
character.— H.  C.  W.,  Fairview  Villa,  Eastington.  Stonehouse, 
Gloucestershire. 

FOREMAN. — Age  26;  well  up  in  all  branches. 
Good  references.— H.  HANSFARD,  Somerset  Road,  High 
Park.  Ryde.  Isle  of  Wight. 


FOREMAN,  in  a  private  establishment. 
Age  29,  married,  no  family  ;  twelve  years'  experience 
all  branches.  Well  recommended.— R.  G.,  Gardeners'  Chron 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Str;nnl.  W.C. 


FOREMAN,  Inside,  or  good  Second.— Age 
25 ;  used  to  House.  Table,  and  other  Decoration.  Good 
experience  and  character.— T.  H.,  4,  Eliza  Terrace,  Albion 
Road,  Twickenham. 

FOREMAN,  or  Second.— Age  23 ;  nine  years' 
experience.       Two  and  a  half  years'  good  character.— 
A.  B.,  ISIr.  Sales.  Wiekham  Road,  Shirlej,  Croydon. 


FOREMAN  and  JOURNEYMAN;  age 
respectively  26  and  23.— Mr.  A.  Jamieson,  Haigh  Hall, 
Wigan,  would  be  pleased  to  recommend  Two  young  Men,  as 
above.  In  present  situation  three  years,  leaving  through 
reduction.— For  particulars,  apply  as  above. 


FOREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and  SALES- 
MAN, to  take  charge  of  Nursery.— Age  29,  single; 
thirteen  years'  practical  experience  m  all  branches  for  Market 
and  Cut  purposes.    Good  references.— H.,  29,  Macklin  Street, 

ROPAGATOR  and    GROWER.— Age    28; 

fourteen  years'  experience  in  Market  Nurseries.  Good 
Salesman.  Permanency  required.— H.  EDEN,  Sharman's  Cross, 
Solihull,  Birmingham.  

JOURNEYMAN   (Fihst),  in   the  Houses.— 
Age  22  ;  nine  years'  experience ;  good  recommendations. 
—J.  N.,  42,  Hamilton  Koad,  We.it  Norwood,  S.E. 

JOURNEYMAN  (Fiest),  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  23 ;  four  years  good  character.  Mr.  MaOKAT, 
Gardener,  Maristow,  Eoborough,  South  Devon,  can  confidently 
recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN  (Fihst),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.—Age  21 ;  two  years  in  la5t  situation  with  a  Noble- 
man. Can  be  well  recommended.— R.  WEBB,  Post  Office. 
Duxford,  Cambs. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  with  Florist 
or  Market  Grower.— Age  28  ;    good   character.— X.  Y., 
16,  Heatou  Koad,  Peckham  Rye,  S.E. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  20;  ftve  years  in  present  situation.     Good  character. 
— W.  SEBLEY.  The  Gardens,  Woodhall  Park,  Hertford. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;  age  19.— 
Mr.  G.  T.  Miles,  The  Gardens.  Wycombe  Abbey,  can 
thoroughly  recommend  a  very  deserving  vonng  man  as  above. — 
A.  UPHILL,  East  Heath,  Wokingham,  Berks. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses— Age  21; 
three  years  in  present  situation.  Good  recommenda- 
tion. Bothy  preferred.— S.  H.  SNELL,  The  Daison,  St.  Mary 
Church,  Torquay. 

JOURNEY'MAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment. — Age  2.T :  eight  years'  experience.  Can 
be  well  recommended.— G.  BAKER,  Station  Road,  Billings- 
hurst.  Sussex. 

JOURNEYMAN  ;  age  21.— Mr.  D.  Melville, 
late  Head  Gardener,  St.  Vincent's,  Grantham,  can  con- 
fidently recommend  a  young  Man  as  above.  Seven  years' 
experience. — Handsworth.  near  Sheffield. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good. 
establishment. — Age  22;  eight  years'  experience  Inside 
and  Out.  Good  reference. — C.  B,,  14,  Grove  Terrace,  Church 
End,  Finchley,  N. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;  age  21, 
single. — F.  Wareham  wishes  to  recommend  H.  Hull  as 
above,  where  a  honest  steady  sober  youn^  man  is  required. 
Seven  years'  experience.  Over  two  years  with  advertiser. — H., 
44,  Beehive  Buildings,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 

IMPROVER;  age  loj. — A  Lady  recommends 
the  son  of  her  Gardener.     A'ery  tall  and  strong.    Has 
had  some  experience. — Miss  HODGSON,  Hernewood,  Sevenoaks. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Market  Growers. 

IMPROVER. — Young  ;     used    to    Cucumbers, 
Tomatos,  and  Cut  Flowers.— S.  W.  D.,  Kingston  Villa, 
Bletchley  Road,  Blelchley,  Bucks. 

FERN  GROWERS'  ASSISTANT,  or  other- 
wise. — Age  19;  accustomed  to  Potting,  Tying,  &c.  Five 
years'  experience  and  character.  Now  engaged  in  Private 
Nursery.— J.  P.,  6,  Stamford  Road,  East  Ham,  Essex. 

To  NURSERYTiIEN.- A  young  man  (age  23) 
seeks  a  situation  under  a  Foreman.  Thorough  knowledge 
of  Growing  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Ferns,  &c.  Quick  at 
Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making.  Also  good  Salesman. — S.  S., 
11,  Lansdowne  Terrace,  Woolcott  Park,  Bristol. 

TO  GENTLEMEN  and  NURSERYMEN.— 
Wanted,  by  a  young  man  (age  20),  a  situation  in  the 
Houses.  References  from  a  Loudon  Nursery  and  country 
establishment.  —  .JAMES  GENT,  Burnham  Market,  Lynn 
Norfolk. 

TO  NURSERY'MEN.— Situation  wanted  in  a 
Nursery  by  a  young  man  (age  22).  Nine  years' experience. 
Good  character  from  present  and  previous  employers. — T.  B.  F., 
The  Gardens,  Ellenborough  House,  Eoehampton  Lane,  S.W. 

TO  GARDENERS. —  Situation  wanted,  by  a 
respectable  lad,  under  an  experienced  Gardener,  in 
Nursery  or  Gentleman's  Grounds.  Two  years'  good  character. 
—P.  P..  Highbury  House,  St.  Leonards. 

TRAVELLER. — To  represent  good  Nursery. 
Many  years  on  the  road.  Wholesale  or  retail. — Address 
in  fir-^t  instance.  TRAVELLER.  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SALESMAN.— Wanted  by  Advertiser,  situa- 
tion as  Salesman ;  well  known  in  the  Trade.  Good 
references. — Apply,  in  first  instance,  to  C.  R.,  1,  Osman  Koad, 
Lower  Edmonton. 

Q  HOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT,  in  Large  Firm. 

-Age  27,  Scotchman  ;    twelve    j^ars'    experience.      At 


SHOPMAN  (Assistant).— Age  21 ;  five  years' 
experience.  Good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  General 
Nursery  Stock  and  Seed  Trade  in  all  branches.— Mr.  HAKDLNQ, 
St.  Neot's,  Hunts. 

TO    FLORISTS.  —  Young     Lady    wishes    to 
Learn  the  Business.    Would  give  time  and  pay  a  small 
Premium.— v.,  22,  Burton  Cref^cent,  London,  W.C. 

To  Nuraerymen. 

HANDYMAN.— Can    Work   at   Building    or 
Repairing  in  Wood.  Glass.  Iron   Piping,  Cement,  &c. 
Steady.— M.  C,  4,  Bridge  Street,  Kilburn,  N.W. 


HOLLO  WAY'S  PILLS.— The  Great  Need.— 
The  blood  is  the  life  and  on  its  purity  depends  our 
health,  if  not  our  existence.  These  Pills  thoroughly  cleanse 
this  vital  fluid  from  all  contaminations,  and  by  that  power 
strengthen  and  invigorate  the  whole  system,  healthily  stimu- 
late sluggish  organs,  repress  over-excited  action,  and  establish 
order  of  circulation  and  secretion  throughout  every  part  of  the 
body.  The  balsamic  nature  of  Holloway's  Pills  commends 
them  to  the  favour  of  debilitated  and  nervous  constitutions, 
which  they  soon  resuscitate.  They  dislodge  all  obstructions, 
both  in  the  bowels  and  elsewhere,  and  are,  on  that  account, 
much  sought  after  for  promoting  regularity  of  action  in  young 
females  and  delicate  persons  who  are  naturally  "weak,  or  who 
from  some  cause  have  become  so. 


148 


TBE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[JntT  30,  1887. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
CUCUMBER  FRAMES 

Are  always  in  stock,  ready  to  be  pent  o£f  on  rereipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  saw-n  from  the  best  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a  proper 
manner.  The  FRAMES  are  of  l^ineh  boards,  24  inches  high 
at  back,  and  13  inches  high  in  front,  bolted  at  the  comers, 
easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  LIGHTS  are  2  inches 
thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  one  handle  at  the  top,  and 
the  whole  painted  four  coats.  The  glass  is  ENGLISH  21-oz. 
weight.  PACKED  and  sent  CARRIAGE  PAID  to  any  station 
in  England  and  Wales,  also  to  Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry, 
Cork,  Glasgow,  and  stations  equivalent. 

Cases  are  allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


2- LIGHT  FR.ViME 


No.  7o.— Cucumber  and  Melon  Frame.    All  sires  m  stock. 
CASH     PRICES, 

Including  the  Use  of  Packing  Oases. 

Length.     Width.  Price. 

...    8  feet  by  6  feet  ...  £3    6  0 

...  12  feet  by  6  feet  ...  4  12  6 

...  16  feet  by  6  feet  ...  6    0  0 

6         „             20feetby  6feet  ...  7     7  6 

6        „            24feetby  6feet  ...  S  15  0 

Smaller  framw  are  made.     See  LISTS,  post-free. 

CATALOGUES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden  Frames  in  every 
variety.  Garden  Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  every- 
thing required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  post-free  on 
application. 
LbTIMATEb  for  Greenhou'^ei  free  on  receipt  of  particulars 
LADIEb  and  GENTLEMEV  waited  upon  by  appointment 
in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom 

NORWICH. 


THOMAS'S  TRAINING  TRELLISES 

Nu.  t\.     GALXAXISKD  AFTER  MADE. 

For  Training  Peas  instead  of 

Training  Plants  to  Walls,  &c. 

Is  Panels. 
6  feet  by  3  feet  ...  28.  each. 
6  feet  by  4  feet  ...  3a.  each. 
6  feet  by  6  feet  ...  4S.  each. 
Also  used  for  training  plants, 
made  any  size  to  order. 
6-inch      4-inch      3-inch      2-inch      l^inch  mesh. 

2d.  3d.  3^d.  4d.  4Jd.  per  foot  super. 

GALVANISED     WIRE     NETTING. 

Improved  Machine-made. 

Greatly  Reduced  Prices  per  Roll  of  60  Yards. 


^  cwt. 

Special  Quotations  for  Large 
Quantities. 


J.   J.   THOMAS   &   CO., 


87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.G.; 
Works:    362,    EDGWAEE    ROAD.   LONDON,   W. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL, 


PORTABLE     CUCXJMBEB    FRAMES 

RHALLIDAY     and      CO     desire   to 
•     draw  special  attention  to  their    Cucumber   Framei 
of  whRh  they  always  have  a  large  stock,   ready  glazed  and 
painted.    They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  auy  one. 
Prices  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  :—  £  s.  a. 

2-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  1    p..i,,„„    (       3  10    0 
3-lightframe,  I2feetby6feet>-„^°f''j,5„^       6    5    0 
B-Iight  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet  ( '^'^'^  "'"  (      10    0    0 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.    Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

R.     HALLIDAY     &     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL     WORKS,     MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent,  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 
2,  HoUoway  Road,  N.  


W.  H.   LASCELLES  &.  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILUERi 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW.  LONDON,  E.C. 


W  H  LASCELLEb  and  cO  will  give  Estimates  for  e%ery 
description  of  HORIICULTURAL  W  URK,  free  of  charge,  and 
Bend  competent  assisUnts  when  neceswary. 

LASCm^LES'    NEW    ROCKWORK     material     in     various 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunliill  Row,  London.  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings.  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabsfor  Walls.  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


Water-Barrow 
Combined. 

This  implement  is  well 
adapted  for  both  large 
and  email  gardens.  It 
13  strong  and  well  made 
and  not  liable  to  get 
out  of  order. 
CASH     PRICES 

(Carriage  Paid): 
15  gallon  size.  £3  15s. 
20  „  .,  £4  hs. 
25  ..  „  £4  lbs. 
PIUUPS  for  domestic 
I  ml  garden  purpose,s, 
iiird^n  Engines,  Water 
(iirniw.s.  manufactured 
NEW  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  Bent  free. 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 


STEVEN      BROS     &    C» 
HOT       WATER        APPARATUS. 


4-  UPPER  THAMES    S''     LONDON.  EC. 


THOS.    W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWOSKS.  STOURBRIDGE, 


Tlie  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipe.s,  9 feet  long.  4j.  3rf.  each; 

4-in.  Socket  Hot- water  Pipe.s,  9  feet  long,  4s.  6rf.  each. 

Pull  Illustrated  Beviscd  Price  List  on  application. 


HY.     VAN     &      CO. 

(The  Oldest  Lon-Jon  House  in  llie  Trade.  Estd.  U8(i). 

17,   Tooley    Street,    London    Bridge,   S.E. 


/"„   I,     t~l    (     1/    l/'lf    I   1   s    I        >fi,^ 

PROTECTION   FOR   FRUIT   AND    FLOWERS 

GAKDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  IJrf.,  or  per  100  yardi, 
10s. ;  ditto,  4  yards  wide,  3d.,  or  per  100  yards,  20s. 

SCRIM  CANVAS,  1  yard  wide,  id.;  IJ  yard,  4jci. ;  and 
2  yards,  Qd.  per  yard. 

TrFFANY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  3s.  6d.  per  piece. 

SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 

RICK  CLOTHS,  TARPAULINS,  Com  and  Potato  SACKS, 
FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c..  for  Sale  or  Hire. 

TOBACCO  PAPER.  RAFFIA,  and  Garden  MATS  «f  all  kinds. 

g. ESTABLISHED,  A.D.   1818.      UCMpV       URPP 

J/orticiiItural  Biulder  and 
J/ot-ifater  EngiTieer, 

65,  Lionel  St.,  Birmingham. 

Plans  and  Estimates  on 

application. 

t  to  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Regit^tered  Trade  Mark  ) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  C03t. 

U.sed  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  alood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing ;  can  btj 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  \s.  6d.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station.  Is.  Sd.  per  gallon  In  caakA  of  3ti,  20,  or 
10  gallons. 

f1  A   Tjn^Tfl  A7 Every  cask  bears  the  above  Registered 

^-^  ^  J-J^  L/J.V.        Trade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 
imitations. 


HILL      &      SMI  TH, 

Brlerley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 
118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47  Dawson  Street  Dublin. 

ARNEirb     (    \J  III  N      E^GINES 

AND  W  \ni    1  M  I     nS 


7  W    r     r    Si    S  t    Fxl    1  t       s  h  11      t   C  1     tta, 

N  e  Londo  \  en  a  Ar  1  e  m  Majei  e  Brabant  Brussels, 
Ac,  and  TwoSilver  Medals  awarded  by  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society.  Manufacturers  of  Garden  Syringes,  Fountains,  &c. 
Illustrated  PRICE  LISTS  upon  application  to 

JOHN  WARNER  AND  SONS,  Hydraulic  and  Horticultural 
Engineers,  The  Crescent  Foundry,  Cripplegate,  E.G. ;  and  the 
Foundry  Works,  Walton-on-the-Na/e,  Essex.  To  be  obtained 
at  every  Ironmonger  and  Plumber  in  the  Kingdom. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  a.ldre»sed  to  "  The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,'  at  the  Offlce,  41,  We  Imgton  Street  Covent  Garden.  London   WC. 
I^iS  b»  wS^M  Bio^ra  at  the  Offlce  of  Messrs.  Bbadbubi,  Askew  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Wh.tefnars,  Ctyof  London   in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  published  by  th« 
»ad  wSiii  toS^  rt  totofflo^,  41,  wrufngton  Street,  Pari.h  ol  St,  Pauls,  Covent  Garden,  in  the  iaid  Oouaty.-SATUBDAT,  July  30,  1887.   Agent  for  Manohester-JoHK  HsTWOOD. 


Established  i84i 


No.  32.-VOL.  II.  {i:^Z} 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  6,  1887. 


[Regt.  as  a  Newspaper. 


(Price  Sd. 


CONTENTS. 


Adiantum,  proliferous  ... 
Books  I— 

All  about  ludiarubber 
and  Gutta-percha  ... 

Handbook       of      Feru 
Allies 

Life  of  Charles  Darwin 

School  flora      

Camj.hor  in  Taiwau 

Chiswick  note^ 

Cinchona  in  Java 
Cypripedium  superbiena . 
Dendrobium  pulchellum  . 
Eucomis  pallidiflora 
Fruit  crops,  condition  of 

the  158, 

Fruits  under  glass 
Hardy  fruit  garden 
Kitchen  garden,  the 
Obituary  ;— 

Sherwin,  W 

Odontoglossum    Harrya- 

,,    -l-staiiroides  Graves- 


Orchid  houses 
I  Oxford,  garde 


3  of 


1  the  Oak . 


Palms,  garde. 
:  Phyllo 
I  Plants  and  their  cultu 
Portland  cement 
'  Roses  at  Peterborough  ... 
:  Eoyal  Horticultural   So- 

I      ciety       

Selnginella  Jeomani 

I       ,.     potaroensis 

Silver  Fir  at  Roseneath  . 

I  Societies : — 

I      Edinburgh  Botanical... 

Liverpool  Horticultural 

Northamptonshire  Hor- 

ticultural       

Royal  Horticultural  ... 
Scottish  Arboricultural 
Southampton       Horti- 
cultural          

Sweet  Peas,  new 

Tomatos,  disease  of 
Watering  plants 


Cypripediu 

Dactylium 

Odontoglossum  Harryani 
PhiladeTphus  microphyll 
Silver  Fir  at  Roseneath  . 


Illustrations. 

iperbiens,  monstrous  form  of 


Now  ready,  in  cloth,  lis.  €d. 

THU    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE.  1837. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  VT.C. 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS,— All  Numbers 
of  the  "  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "  fro7n  January  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 


MAIDENHEAD    HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
The  ANNUAL  SHOW  will  be  held  in  the  Grounds  of  Brav- 
wick  Lodge,  on  THURSDAY,  AugustlS,  1887.  Schedules  can  be 

"X'p-kTottage,  Maidenhead.   Mr.  O.  KING,  Secretary. 


CALNE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— 
The  TWENTY-THIKD  ANNUAL  EXHIBmON  will  be 
held  in  Bowood  Park  on  the  2.3rd  inst.,  when  Prizes  to  the 
value  o£  ONE  HUNDRED  and  SEVENTY  POUNDS  will  be 
offered.      Amongst    othere    are   the   following,    open    to  all 


12  Vara.  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  £li,  £10,  £5. 

9  Ornamental  Foliage  Plants,  £10,  £5,  £2  10s, 

8  Exotic  Ferns,  £4,  £2  Vis.  £1  10s. 
36  Roses,  Cut  Flowers,  Cup  or  £5,  50s.,  30s. 

ILTS    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY'S 

SHOW,  Salisbury,  AUGUST  25, 1887.  ON'E  HUNDRED 
and  FIFTY  POUNDS  in  Prizes.    Schedules  on  application  to 
W.  H.  WILLIAJIS,  Hon.  Sec. 


TheN 


Salisbury. 


NATIONAL  SEED  and  NURSERY  TRADE 
ASSOCIATION. 
The  COJIMrrTEE  Hereby  Offer  a  PRIZE  of  TEN  GUINEAS 
for  an  ESSAY  upon  the  Subject  of  "THE  CAUSES  OF  THE 
PRESENT  DEPRESSION  IN  AGRICULTURE."  The  Competi- 
tion is  unrestricted,  and  Essays  must  be  lodged  on  or  before  the 
1st  of  January  next  with  D.IVID  HUNTER,  S.S.C.,  29,  Dundas 
Street,  Edinburgh.  Secretary  of  the  Association. 


NEWCASTLE  AUTUMN 

FLOWER  SHOW,  WEDNESDAY,  THURSDAY',  and 
FRIDAY,  August  31.  and  September  1  and  2,  1887  (altered 
from  Tuesday,  Wednesday,  and  Thursday,  August  30,  31,  and 
September  1)  in  the  Royal  Jubilee  Exhibition  Grounds,  Largest 
Prize  List  ever  offered  by  the  Society,  including  FliTY 
POUNDS  Jubilee  Fruit  Prize.     For  Schedules,  apply  to 

Mr.  JAS.  J.  GILLESPIE,  Secretary. 
Cross  House  Chambers,  Westgate  Road,  Newcaatle-on-Tyne. 


E 


Cri 


LARGE  CAMELLIAS.  — A  Bargain,  —  10 
large  CAMELLIAS,  from  7  to  9  feet  high,  and  4  to  5  feet 
through,  all  in  pots  or  tubs,  and  the  very  picture  of  health. 
They  were  the  property  of  a  Gentleman  lately  deceased,  and 
must  be  sold  to  realise.  A  grand  chance  for  any  one  requirmg 
<luantities  of  Cut  Flowers.— Applv  in  the  first  instance  to 
CHAS.  RYLANCE  am>CO..  Bold'L;uie  Nursery,  near  Orraskirk. 

Camellias,  Azaleas.  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Hai.t,  gruwii  siirc.ally  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKK,         Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  K.  SILBERRAD  axd  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.G. 

New  Roses  in  Pots. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  sorts  now  ready, 

Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA     and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  beat  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  5-inch  pota,  carefully 

packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  155. 
HALF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  8s. 
EWINO  AND  CO., 
Sea  View   Nurseries,    Havant,    Hampshire. 

AST     LOTHIAN     STOCK, 

for  present  sowing.    Very  superior  strain.    Scotch 

saved.    Crimson.  Purple,  Scarlet,  and  White. 
■aa  and  White  Wallflower-leaved,  Is.,  2s.  6rf.,  and  5s.  pkt. 
IRELAND  iXD  THOMSON.  81,  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh. 

Primula  chlnense,  fl.  albo-pleno. 

DOUBLE  WHITE  PKIMUL  A.— 
From  small  pots,  30s.  per  100 ;  from  pans,  pricked  off, 
well-rooted  cuttings,  20s.  Free  to  any  railway  station  in  the 
United  Kingdom.  Good  arrival  guaranteed.  Price  for  larger 
quantities  on  application. 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany, 

A  Few  Large  Healtliy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  teet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania      borbonica,      Seaforthia      elegans, 
Chamterops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N, 

DAFFODILS, — Hartland's  famous  stocks  now 
ready  for  delivery.     LISTS  free. 
DAFFODIL  IRISH  PRINCEPS,  magniticent  sample  for  forcing. 
Write  for  quotation. 
WM.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Old  Established  Seed  Ware 
house,  21.  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 

Ferns— Ferns— Fems, 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS,"    LONDON. 

To  Orchid  Growers. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall  Street, 
•  London,  are  offering  splendid  PEAT,  in  fact  no  better 
obtainable.  Samples  can  be  seen  at  above  addjess,  or  forwarded 
on  application  if  required. 

ANTED,     BUDS    for    Budding    of    TEA 

ROSES,  Comtesse  de  NadaiUac,  Honble.  Edith  Giffard, 

Princess  of  Wales,  Souvenir  de  Gabrielle  Drevet,  and  H.P.  Lady 

Mary  FitzwiUiam.      WiU  EXCHANGE  or  PURCHASE   for 

Cash.    Offers  to 

FRANK  CANT,  Rose  Grower.  Colchester. 

C  QUELC  H       AND       B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

O  North  Row,  Covent  Garden,  W.C..  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCU.VIBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STRAW- 
BERRIES, CHOICE  FLOWERS.  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily;  Cheques  weekly,  or  aa  preferred 
by  Sender.    Baskets  and  Labels  supplied.     References  given. 

\|  ESSRS.    UKEGOKY    and    EVANS, 

iTj.  NUKSERYMEN,  Sidcup,  and  285,  28«,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.  Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 


w 


K 


To  the  Trade, 
AITE,  NASH,  AND  CO.  have  Posted  their 

BULB  CATALOGUE  to  all  their  Customers.    If  not 
received  another  Copy  will  be  forwarded  on  application. 
79,  South wark  Street,  Loud  .n,  S.E. 

ICKSON,  BROWN,  and  TAIT,  Seei  smeN, 

43  and  45,  Corporation  Street,  Manchester,  h  ,e  been 
appointed,  by  Royal  Warrant,  SeedMerchants  to  HIsRoyal  High- 
ness the  Prince  of  Wales. 

QCHUBEUTIA    GRANDIFLOKA,  new   and 

O  fine  white-flowered  Climber  for  Warm  Greenhouse.  7s.  6d. 
SAXIFRAGA  CUSCUTiEFOR.\IIS,  Is.  [and  10s.  M. 

MESEMBRYANTHS,  and  other  SUCCULENT  PLANTS,  made 

GILBERT    DAVIDSON,    Wemoleu,    Ammanford,    B,S.O., 
South  Wales. 

Hyaolntha,  Tulips,  Crocus,  &c. 

WHOLESALE      TRADE      CATALOGUE 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  appli- 
cation.    Low  prices.     First-class  bulbs. 

B.  J.  LOMANS,  Bulb  Grower,  Haarlem. 

C^  ERMAN   LILIES   OF   THE  VALLEY.— 
A     The  very  best  for  forcing.     Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.     Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

T7TNEST      LILY      OF      THE      VALLEY 

X  CROWNS  for  Early  Forcing,  by  Gustay  A.  Schultl, 
Berlin.    For  price  \vrite  to 

JACOB  AND  VALENTIN,  66,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

E    L    W    A    Y         AND         SON. 

KELWAY'S    "MODEL"    CALCEOLARIA. 
KELWAYS    "MODEL"    CINERAIUA. 
Price  of  Seed  on  application. 
Langport,   Somerset. 

URICULA     PLANTS.  —  Winning    Show 

Varieties,  for  Sale;  also  Alpines  and  Seed  from  beautiful 
strains.     Potting  time. 

F.  POHLMAXiV,  Parkinson  Lane.  H:ilifax. 

RIM  ULAS—  PIUMULAS—  PKLM  ULAS.— 

Eighteenth  year  of  distribution.  Williams"  Superb 
Strain,  Is.  tirf.  per  dozen  ;  10s.  per  100.  CINERARIAS,  same 
price.  Package  and  carriage  free.  Volonte  Nationale  alba, 
the  best  winter  white  PELARGONIUM,  strong  rooted  plants, 
Is.  each. 

JOHN  STEVENS,  The  Nurseries,  Coventry. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERGEN,   Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now    ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  appliciition  to 

Messrs.   R.    SILBERRAD  AND    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London.  E.C. 

Begonias  a  SpeclEQty. 

LAING'S  BEGOJS I  AS,— Awarded  the  Jubilee 
Gold  Medal  at  Manchester,  and  two  Gold  Medals  by  the 
Royal   Horticultural    Society  previously,    also  26    Fir^t-clasa 
Certificates  this  season,  to  our  novelties,  being  evidence   of 
quality.     Descriptive  Price  LIST  free  on  application. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  CO..  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

STRAWBERRIES    a    Specialty.— W.  Lovel 

O  &  Sox's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3rf.— W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samplea  of  the 
•     above-named  Seed>i  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  E--tabIi9hment,  Wisbech. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists.  Set-dsmeu.  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants,  Flowkrs,  Fruits  and  Veqetables  a  Specialty, 

WM.    J.    WELCH    begs   to    call    particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING     BOoKS,     MAGAZINES,     CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING   PURPOSES. 
For  Specimen'^  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 
ADDREflfl ;— 35,    Wellington    Street,    Strand,  London,    W.C. 


150 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  6,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Friday  Next. 

VAIUASLE  BRAZILIAN  and  other  ORCHIDS. 

MESSKS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  G7  and  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C., 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  Aagust  12.  at  half-past  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, a  quantity  of  choice  BRAZILIAN  ORCHIDS,  just 
received  in  excellent  condition,  comprising,  amongst  others, 
Leelia  purpnrata,  Cattleya  Leopoldii,  Zygopetalum  Gautieri, 
LycasteHarrisonte;  also  a  fine  lot  of  the  rare  and  exceptionally 
beautiful  CATTLEYA  SCHRODER^,  with  broad  and  distinct 
looking  leaves;  C.  SUPERBA  SPLENDENS,  true,  from  Rio 
Brancu.  and  the  finest  form  in  existence,  with  large  and  bril- 
liant blossom ;  C.ELDORADO  SPLENDENS,  from  the  Orinoco 
Kiver,  \iifh  fine  healthy  green  foliage;  C.  LOBATA,  ONCI- 
DIUM  SARCODES,  SOPHRONITIS  GRANDIFLORA,  LiELIA 
DAYANA,  SOPHRONITIS  CERNUA,  ONCIDIUM  LI.M- 
MINGHII,  ODONTOGLOSSUM  PULCHELLUM  MAJUS, 
BUBLINGTONIA  LMFERIALIS,  CATTLEYA  INTERMEDIA, 
and  many  other  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Dutch  Bulbs, 

SPECIAl     TRADE    SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  (38,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  on  MONDAY,  August  15, 
THURSDAY^,  August  18,  also  on  August  22,  25,  27,  and  29, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NAKCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quality.  The  lots  in  these  Sales  are  specially  made  up  to  suit 
the  Trade  and  other  large  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Flowering  Orchids.— Special  Sale,  August  30. 

MESSRS.  PKOTIIliROE  ani.  JlOlMUS 
desire  to  announce  that  their  next  .SPEfl.U.  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  will  take  place  as  above,  lor  which 
they  will  be  glad  to  receive  N'olice  of  Entries  in  due  course. 


Dutch  Bulbs.- Trade  Sales. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVEiS'S  begs  to  announce  that 
his  FIRST  SALE  of  DUTCH  BULBS  this  Season  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  3y,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
W.C,  on  MONDAY,  August  15,  at  halt-past  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, and  will  consist  of  lots  specially  suited  for  the  Trade 
and  other  large  buyers. 

N.B.— The  Sales  will  after  this  Date  take  place  every  MON- 
DAY, WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 


Special  Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flower. 

MR.  J.  C.  STKNl'LXS  bt-tjs  t(.  aiiii.iunce  that 
his  NEXT  .SAI.K,,f  li];i'HlllS  111  Klnu.r  mid  Bud  will 
take  place  atliii  (in-.it  Kcmi-,  ::-.  Knis;  str..i.  c.iv.iit  (iardeii, 
W.C,  on  WEDNESllAY,  Aii-n.t  17.  lui'l  !"■  "ill  l.i-  S^ImX  if 
Gentlemen  desirous  of  KNl  KKINi  i  I'l,  V.MS  l.,r  llii^  SALE 
will  Jilease  send  purticuhir,  m.l   liit.T  lliiii  TIIIK.SIHY  NKXT. 


London,  S.W.— Eare  Opportunity. 

FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  retirement  of 
owner,  an  extremely  lucrative  and  Old-established 
GENERAL  NURSERY  BUSINESS.  Compact  Premises  and 
Grounds.  In  main  thoroughfare.  Long  lease,  at  a  moderate 
rental. 

Full  particulars  of  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  to  whom  the  business  is  w^ll 
known,  and  who  are  pleased  to  recommend  it  as  a  really 
genuine  going 


FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imrie's 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-known  NURSERY 
BUSINESS  80  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 
Trees  and  Shrubs.  Further  particulars  on  application  to 
IMRIE  AND.  COMPANY.  The  Nurseries,   Ayr,   N.B. 


TO-  BE  LET  or  SOLD,  a  valuable 
FREEHOLD  NURSERY,  with  Cottage,  situated  at 
Crooms  Hill,  Greenwich.  About  an  acre  walled  in ;  half 
under  glass.  All  fittings ;  water  laid  on.  Only  parties 
with  substantial  means  need  apply  to 

"ANCHOR"  BREWERY,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


To  Florists,  &c. 

TO   BE    LET  or  SOLD,    on   Bexley  Heath, 
8   new    GREENHOUSES.    200  by  12  and  15  feet,    now 
planted  with  Tomatos.    Room  to  erect  more.    Apply, 

W.  G.  BAILEY,  Florist,  The  Nurseries,  Bexley.  Kent. 


TO   BE   LET,    a  Small    NURSERY,  in  the 
North  of  London.       8    (ilasshouses.    Pits,  &.C,,   heated 
with  Hot-water;  Potting  Shed,  and  Ground.  Good  Local  Trade 
done.     Rent  £.10  per  annum  to  a  good  tena-ut,  or  Lease  for 
21  years  would  be  sold.     A[jply  by  letter,  to  the  Agent  of  thi- 
PEAT  ASSOCIATION.  10,  CuUum  Street.  E.G. 

O     BE     LET,    a    NURSERY,    FLOKI.s'l 

and  SEED  BUSINESS,  in  one  of  the  best  suburbs  (S.W 
of  London.     There  is  no  other  near  it.     Dwelling-house,  Shuw 


Littleton,  near  Sbepperton  Railway  Station, 

TO  LET,  on  LEA.^E,'  a  MAIIKET  GARDEN, 
embracing  an  area  of  4  acres,  2  roods,  23  perches,  walled 
in  and  well  cropped  witli  Fruit  Trees.  On  the  land  is  a  brick- 
built  Detached  Cottage,  containg  3  bed-rooms,  and  'I  sitting- 
rooms,  a  Leau-to  Potato  Shed.  Wood  Shed,  Open  Shed,  Potting 
Shed,  Fruit  Room  (fitted  with  shelves),  a  Tool  Shed,  2  Stoke- 
holes, and  a  Mushroom  Shed.  There  are  also  2  Leaii-tu 
Vineries  {with  large  fruiting  Vines),  a  Span-roofed  Con-.ervii- 
tory  (with  hot-water  piping),  an  Orange  House,  and  a  lit-h^lit 
brick  lit.  Rent  on  a  7.  li  or  21  years'  Lease,  J£oO  per  uimuui. 
Apply  to  Mr.  C.  CHARLES  HORNE,  Littleton,  near  Staint-s. 


FRUITERER  and  FLORIST'S,  with  Jobbing 
Ga^lening.  Rare  opportunity.  Close  to  suburban 
station,  and  the  only  shop  iu  the  Trjide  where  all  passengers 
must  pass.  80,000  visitors  last  Bank  Holiday.  Stock,  [goodwill, 
and  all  at  £150.    Rent  only  £30. 

Apply,  F.  A.  CREW,  St.  Mary's  Grove  Richmond.  S.W. 


To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  about  1.3J  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plaistow,  situated  in  the  Prince  Ilegent's 
Lane,  and  close  fo  the  Barking  Road.    For  particulars  apply  to 
Messrs.  CLrrrON,  9,  Whitehall  Place.  S.W. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 

BUSINESSES  b,  l.r  lilsl'(lSEl)  OF. 

MESSRS.     PKdl  IIIlKii;     AND     MORRIS' 
HORTlCULTn;  \  I      ili.^     iil:    contains    full    parti- 
I.  fjratis,  at 

li-i.-    I, lull,  E.C. 


CAAIUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist,  Prospect 

O     House,  Helper,  Derbyshire,  begs  to  offer  the  following,  of 
which  he  makes  a  Specialty  : — 

PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS  — PRIMULAS.  — Grand  Premier 
Prize  and  Covent  Garden  strains  of  the  finest  new  colours,  as 
Pure  White.  Carmine,  Rose.  Salmon,  Crimson,  &c.  Fine  large 
trusses  and  beautifully  fringed  flowers ;  strong  planta,  to  bloom 
well,  Is.3rf.  perdoz;  extra  strong.  Is.  6rf.:  9.t.  perlOO.    All  free. 


CINERARIAS.  —  Bull' 
iipact  hnbit  and  most 
.  ..Yi.,.|i.-,)      Good  plants, 


CINERARIAS  —  CINERARIAS 

celebrated    prize   strain,    dwarf, 
brilliant  colours;    cannnt  |i..^>iili)v 
Is.  3f/.  per  dozen;  extr:i  -imm,/    i 

CYCLAMEN  — CY< 'I.  ^  Ml  '■        ■   \^\   WW  '.         .Same  grand 
strain  and  from  the  s:ini         ■  J   I  have  senl 

out  for  the  last  twenty  \  ■■  h--.  I.ui  v-.  ii  d  .,,!  i  1h'    liilt-it  improve- 
ments in  colour,  size,  form,  and  habit,     lyiiimlil  plants,  Is.^d. 
per  dozen ;  extra  strong,  2.5. ;  10s.  per  100.     All  carriage  free. 
SAMUEL  SHEPPERSON,  Florist.  Prospect  House,  Belper. 


EAST   LOTHIAN  INTERMEDIATE   STOCKS. 

THOMA8  METHVEN  and  SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,  in  five  varieties, 
viz..  Scarlet,  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved, 
at  1^.,  2s.  Gd.,  and  5s.  each  colour.  Price  to  the  Trade  on 
application. 

By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen. 
Edinburgh. 


8(4   (Win    CLEMATIS,   in  Pots,   of   all   the 

OU^UV/V  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  llowcrs  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
planta  ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5|-inoh  pots,  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AKD  CO..  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

CHARLES    TURNER'S 
NEW    AND    DESCRIPTIVE    LIST 

M  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  post-free  on  appliaition. 
THE        ROYAL        NURSERIES,         SLOUGH. 


^iGiSsfe 


n 


EARLY  White  ROMAMYACIHTHS, 

EARLY-FLOWERING    NARCISSUS, 
And  all  other  Bulbs  for  Early  Forc'iiu/. 

Finest  qualities.     Delivered  Carriage  Fn.'e. 


•tyRe-QueeR's-l)eGGl§sr2eRy 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion Price,  ti-;  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
pnr  bii-h^l  fnr  inikiif^e),  or  6rf.  per 
,   ik,    .    In,    U    ,,,r   .lix-st.  Is. 

N  n  _  I  nil  ^  in -sealed  pack- 
Up'  -.  Lii  I  I  r  111  1  I  uUiiral  directions 
til.  Ins.  1,\\i1I,     irsi^natureattached. 

WM.  CUTBUbH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


NARGISS  AND  ALL  OTHER  BULBS. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  of  our  unequalled 
stock  Post-free  on  application. 


James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

}CHESTER. 


108  l':.\STGATE  ST 
'NEWTON'   NUESEBmS 


PEAT   —   PEAT 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.     Sent 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forestei 
Mount  Mascal  Estate,  North  Cray,  Kent. 


PEAT.    — 

ly  quantity,  to  any 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs,  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Thrip,  Mealy 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  &c.,  &c. 
PERFECTLY  )   *«  "«  Hands  antl  Skin    but  ^11  cure 
„  Einaworm  in  Animals,  and  all  Diseases 

HARIVILcSS   J  produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  romlu'iiatiDn  of  ITvilroc-nrbnn  Oils,  mo.le  soIiiMo  in 
Wat.r.  for  Destroying  ALL  INSEOTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  wlietlier  at  the  Roots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  fhr-inists.  Is.M,  5s.  Cd.  &  (s.Rd; 

4  gallon  7s.  6d,  1  }i:ill..n  1-^.  i»l,  oilfs,  in  li.iBvi-qUi.i.litifs. 

ATrcatlse  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  .ns  an  INSECTICIDE, 

its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  hy  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester, 

mm].. -:,!..•:    II lii:  ,vr,,.,  I '.riM^y.  R.pfr,  F..wle[:  &  Co.; 

C.  E.  O^M  \s  i-  <  11  ;  and  fmiii  all  tlic  London  Seed  Mer- 
chaiit-i  and  Wliolosale  ratJ?ut  Medicine  Houses.  NKW 
YORK-RoLKEB  i  Soss. 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 


T/irou-s  a  fine 
.tprai/  20  ft.,  and 
iijeisOft.,  tvith 
(jreut  force. 

A  splendid 
snhstitufe  fur  the 
Si/riii(/efor  uxiiiff 
Insecticide,  Price 
2os.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
purposes,  45s. 
Carriao'e  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

I^APHICIDE 

'fc  1/6 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&creaihcolorSHADING 

Convenient,  Inexpensive— Easily  applird  — Latts  all  the 

Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  olf.    Is.,  post  1/3. 

For  Fixinff  Bloom  of  Azalea.'*,      |J|  I  I  f^  U  P  O  ' 

&c.,  and  for  Out  Flowers.         ^1  U  \jin  bO 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  great  lioon  tr.  Fl.>rist.s  and  aU  lovers  of  Flowers,    Diiea 
instantlv.    ,'i<.ld  in  botdcs.  Is.  &  2s.     I'er  post  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 


.-^-!  Blecdinf?  after  rniningr. 

linfr  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

fi  and  i  «.     Per  post,  3d.  extra. 


For  Vr 
Vcn-effritunl  iu 

£;S'^;;Sii::;:i:M:::;;^^::::te:  HUGHES' 
TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most   f'tlr<1u;il    in    (hcrnhouses,— for  Animals  and  Bed 
C'tuthiniT.      I'n.r.  liij..  Is.  &  2/(J.     Per  post  3d.  extra. 

"  E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  %S?J?^« 

VtOTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


AcGosT  6,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     GHI^ONICLE. 


151 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  105.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6rf.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plaut  Beds,  at  l&s,  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  6.<.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  Is,  id.  per 
bag.     SIL\'ER  SAND,  cc«irse  or  fine,  lis.  per  ton. 

WALKKl!  iNIi  CO..  FaniUiro' Station,  Hants. 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

SEALED  BAGS  ONLY, 

7  lb.       14  lb.      28  lb.       56  lb.        1  cwt. 


2/6    4/6    7  6  12/6   20/- 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE  MILL  LANE, 
STRATFORD.    LONDON,    E. 


The  Best  Manure  for  aU  Horticultural  ifurposes  Is 

RICHAKD  MANN  ANt.  CO.  'S 
UNIVERSAL  FEKTILISEK.  ' 
It  is  the  most  effective  and  permanent  fertiliser  in  the 
market.  We  have  taken  over  1000  First  Prizi'S  for  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables  grown  with  this  Manure.  In 
tins.  Is. ;  bags,  7  lb.,  2s.  id. ;  14  lb.,  4s.  id. ;  28  lb..  Is.  id.  ; 
66  lb.,  V2s.  id.;  112  lb.,  20s..  alp  carriage  paid.  We  also 
supply  finest  quality  Fish  Guano,  pure  Dissolved  Bones,  and 
Crushed  Bones,  in  1  cwt.  bags,  10s.,  carriage  paid.  Dr. 
Voelcker's  Analysis  guaranteed.    Cash  with  order, 

RICHARD  M.iNN  and  CO.,  Howaen,  East  Yorkshire. 


JENSEN'S 

Every  grain   fertilizes  because    the  Guiino  is  pf  rfectly 
pure.     It  is   most  economical,  one  part  of  Manure  to 

100  parts  of  Boil  being  ample  for  garden  use. 
Write  for  Pamphlet,  Testimonials  and  Instructioue. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker's  analysis  guaranteed.     FISH-POT.ASII 
oontains  Ammonia,  Pho3)ihates  and   Potash  in  large 
proportions,    which    are   the    principal    elements   of 
fertilization. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is. ;   in  Bags,  7 lbs.,  2s. ;    141bs., 

4s. ;  28 lbs.,  6s.  6d.;  56lbs.,  lOs.  6d. :  1  cwt., 

16s.;   2  cwt.,  30s.,  carriage  paid.     Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 

10,  St.  Helen's  Place,  London.  E.G. 


EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS, 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  and  PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS. 


James  Veitch  &  Sons 


USUAL  CONSIG 


THE  ABOVE  VALUABLE  BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORGING, 

and  will   be  pleased  to  receive  Orders  for  immediate  delivery. 


KOYAL    EXOTIC    NUESERY,    KING'S    IIOAD,    CHELSEA,    LONDON,    S.W. 


CROiVIPTON  &  FAWKES, 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS  AND 
HEATI.NG  ENGINEEES, 

CHELMSFORD. 


Ine.rpensive  Artistic 
Architectural 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Particulars  and  Price  of  Conservatory  to 
annexed  design,  also  profusely  Illustrated 
BOOK,  containing  numerous  other  Designs 
of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Eauges 
of  Hothouses,  Vineries,  Forcing  Houses. 
&c.,  recently  erected,  fitted,  and  heated 
by  us  in  different  parts  of  the  country 
post-free  on  application. 

Clients  -waited  on  and  Surveys  made  in 
any  part  of  thecountry.  Plans,  Estimates, 
minute  details,  and  reliable  suggestions 
and  information  regarding  every  descrip- 
tion of  Horticultural  Buildings — based  on 
many  years'  experience — supplied  free  of 

The  efficiency  of  all  Heating  Apparatus, 
Boilers,  Fittings,  &c.,  designed  and  con- 
structed by  us  guaranteed. 


JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOli  EARLY  FORCING. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  White,  fine  selected 

rnnl,,  L'..  \„-r  .lozen,  ISs.  per  lUO. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Eoman,  Is.  M.  per  doz., 

U'.v.  ip.T  100. 
,,     I'apor  White,  Is.  6rf.  per  dozen,  IO5.  per  100. 

TULIPS,   Duo  Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

8(/.  per  dozen.  4s.  per  100. 


All  Carriage  Free.    Catalogues  Gratis  and  Post-free. 


THE     PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 
CHARD,     SOMERSETSHIRE. 

■\MNE     BORDERS.  —  Gardeners    about     to 

\  Jluke  New  Vine  Borders,  &c.,  can  be  supplied  \yith 
some  ri.h  YELLOW  FFEROUS  LOAM  (top  spit  from  an  old 
juLstiire)  at  a  reasonable  price.  Carriage  paid.  Send  for  price 
and  sample,  post-free.— ERINKWORTH  ASD  SONS.  Reading. 

G GARDEN  and  FARM  REQUISITES.— 
r  Archangel,  Petersburg,  Garden  and  Packing  MATS  o£ 
every  description.  RAFFIA,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  CLOTH; 
GREENHOUSE  SHADINGS  of  all  kinds;  PEAT,  LOAM, 
SILVER-SAND,  and  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE;  GARDEN 
NETTING  and  TOOLS ;  RICK-CLOTHS  and  TARPAULINS 
for  sale  or  hire;  MARQUEE,  TENT,  and  FLAG  Makers; 
JUBILEE  TENT,  25s.  each,  complete. 

SLY.  DIBBLE  AND  CO.,  129,  Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Illustrated  Catalogues  post-free. 

GISHtTRST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.     Boxes,  Is..  3s..  and  lOs.  6d. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet    ground.      Boxes,    6rf.    and    Is.,    from    the  Trade. 


p  ARDEN     REQUISITES.  —  Sticks,    Labels, 

V!X     Virgin  Cork,  Raffia,  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 

Manures,  &c.     Cheapest  Prices  of 

WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.G. 


w 


ARNEE'S  GARDEN   ENGINES 

VNI    W4TEP  BARR    WS 

of  the 


&         n  1  T    o  b  1  er  M    ial 

So    ety      Manufa  ture  i  of  Gard< 

lUustr  ted  PRICE  LISTS  upon  appl  cat 


held   It   Calcutta, 

Brab  nt     Brussels, 

d  d  by  the  Ro)  al  Hort    ultural 


3ge      Founta  ns    &c. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  on  to  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted ; — 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     £2  15    0 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „  ,,         ,,         4  15     0 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  ,,         „         3  15     0 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         „  „         ,,         6  10    0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

R.      HALIilDAY       &      CO., 

Hothouse  ISuilders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    WORKS,    MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent :  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 

2,  Holloway  Road,  N. 


152 


THE     GABDENERS'     GHBONICLE. 


[August  6,  18S^ 


STANDEN'S  MANURE 

EstaUislicil  20   Years. 

THIS  OLD-ESTABLISHED  MANURE 
I,-.  1x1(1101%  ledged  by  the  leading  practical  Gardeners  in 
the  Uiiiti  d  KiTiffdom  and  the  Colonies  to  exceed  all  others  iu 
general  fi  rtilising  properties  and  staying  powers.  It  promotes 
a  rapid,  I  etilthy,  and  robust  growth  to  plants  generally.  For 
Vine$  it  cannot  be  too  highly  recommended,  and  this  fact  is 
fully  •»u^■oined  from  the  result  obtained  by  its  use  in  the  hands 
of  som«- ■  f  the  most  successful  Grape  growers.  It  is  a  clean 
and  dr\  rowder.  with  very  little  smell,  which  renders  it  par- 
ticul  ^r'     adaptable  for  ladies  interested  in  plant  culture. 

Tfie  highly  ftrtihsing  properties  of  this  Manure  render  its 
m,onei/  viiue  in  compnrif^on  v:ith  other  manures  at  lemt  double  ; 
and  uxers  wilt  find  that  very  small  quantities  will  produce 
favourable  results. 

Sold  in  new  and  enlarged  Tins,  1/-,  2/6, 
5y'6,  10/6,  and  21/-  each  ;  and  in  Kegs  at 
reduced  prices— 28  lb.,  12/6;  561b.,  23/-  ; 
1121b.,  42/-  each. 

Mat/  be  obtained  from  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  in 
the   United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies* 


Sole  Manufacturers, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO,  Ltd,, 

London,  E.O. 


ELLIOTT'S    IMPROVED 

"SUMMER  CLOUD"  SHADING 

For  Glass  Structnren  that  require  Shading. 

It  combines  EFFICACY  with  APPEARANCE,  CONVE- 
NIENC'E  with  ECONOMY,  and  its  effects  are  LASTING. 

Sold  in  packets,  Is.  each,  with  full  directions  for  use,  and  in 
bags,  7  lb.,  12s. ;  14  lb.,  22s. ;  may  be  obtained  from  all  Seeds- 
men and  NurserjTnen. 

Sole  Mannfacturers  and  Proprietors, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO,  Ltd, 

London,  B.C. 


Many  years'  experience  has  proved 
this  article  the  most  certain  and 
efficacious  remedy  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  Daisies  and  Weeds  on  Lawns. 
If  used  according  to  the  directions, 
it  cannot  fail  to  produce  a  healthy 
and  luxuriant  growth  of  grass  in 
one  application ;  and  to  enable  the 
article  to  be  in  more  general  use  it 
is  now  offered  at  the  following 

REDTTCED    PRICES, 

Tins,  is.,  2b.  €d.,  5b.  ;   and  in 
Ktgs,    i-cwt..    88.;    fc^^t.    16S. 
1-cut.  30b. 


Sold  by  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen, 


Sole  Manufacturers, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO,  LTD., 

London,   E  C. 


XEE  THAT  rOV  OBTAIN 

FOWLER'S     LAWN     SAND, 

All  Packages  liaTlng  the  name  plainly  attached. 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  po^t,  uf  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Keunard).  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75a,  QueenVictoria 
Street,  E.C. ,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    Depot ;  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London.  S.E. 
Telegrams—"  Floriculture,  London."    Established  1854. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

Id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25s. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

40s. ;  4-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  6d.  per  sack  ;  6  sacks, 

25s.  ;  sac'"   '■*  — *■ 
iCK  FIB 

4d.  each. 
COABSE  SILVER  SAND,   Is.  M.  per  bushel;    15s.  per  half 

ton ;  2t)S.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags.  id.  each. 
YELLOW    FIBROUS    LOAM,    PEAT-MOULD,    and    LEAT- 

MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  ed.  per  sack. 
MANURES,  GARDEN   STICKS,   VIROrN  CORK.  TOBACCO 

CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.     Writ«  for  Price  LIST.— 

H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 

Lane  (lately  culled  17a,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

GARDEN        "S; 
REQUISITES,  vl 


Medals. 


Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  l,ro»  u  fibrous    ...    bs.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  6d. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ...   4s.  6d.    „        6  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  estra  selected  Orchid    6s.  M.    ,,        6  sacks  for  26s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  libroua  ...     "J 

PREPARED  CO.MPOST,  best      Us.  per  bush..  3s.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  f        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  J 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse,  Is.  M.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton.  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    Sd:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialite)       Sd.  lb..  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack ...    5s.  per  bushel. 

CHUBB-S"PERFECT"FKR-S  In  bags. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  . " ^ 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  f  Tins.  71b.  141b.  281b.  561b.  1  cwt. 
Fruits,  Vegetables,  &c.     ...)    1/6    3/-    5/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  beat  quality        1/2    2/-    3/6      el-    12/- 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    3/-    6/6    10/6    17/- 

HciRl'IclI.TriiM,  ('HARCiiAL,  ditto,  2s.  6rf.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sai  l<~,  li.  iMrh  ;  lu  .^icks,  ;is.;  15  sacks,  13s.;  20  Sacks,  17s.; 
31.1  siiL'k-,  L'.'iv. ,  4ti  siick-,,  -51'v.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25.S-.  Limiteil  quantities  of  G..  special  quality,  granulated, 
iu  sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Caoh  w'lth  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MttWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

ORCHID      PEAT. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall  Street, 
•  London,  E.C,  havinp;  just  received  the  highe'^t  of  testi- 
moniiils  (unsolicited)  from  one  of  the  largest  Orchid  Growers 
in  England,  stating  the  3  trucks  of  ORCHID  PEAT  lust  re- 
ceived, to  be  by  far  the  best  ever  introduced,  are  therefore  in- 
duced to  place  this  fact  before  consumers.  Samples  can  be 
seen  at  above  address,  or  forwarded  on  application. 

A.  JOHNSON  AND  CO.  have  also  an  estate  with  some  good 
GENERAL  PEAT  upon  it. 


TREPHOporORCHIDS. 

For  Potting.  Rafts,  Blocks.  &c.    To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S., 

75a,    queen     victoria    STREET,    E.C. ;    and 

SWAN  PLACE,  OLD  KENT  ROAD,  S.E. 


CATALOGUE  of  all  HortICITLTURai.  ilEQtJisiTES  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  descriptions. 


THE      ACME 


L^^^^.;.*^^^ 


WEED-KILLEK,  for  destroying  Weeds  on  Carriage  Drives, 
Ganlen  Walks.  Stable  Yards.  &c.  Prices :— Per  gallon,  2s., 
tins  included ;  6  gallons,  Is.  6(i.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallons.  Is  id. 
per  gallon.    One  gaUon  makes  26  gallons. 

WORM-KILLER,  for  eradicating  worms  from  Tennis 
Courts,  Lawns,  and  Plants  in  Pots.  Prices : — In  bottles. 
Is.  3d.  aud  2s.  6rf  ;  per  gallon,  6s. 


THE 


'  INVICTA  "     INSECTICIDE. 


For  destroying  insects  and  parasites,  such  n-s  mealy-bug, 
scale,  thrips,  red  spider,  American  blight,  &c.  I]i  tins.  Is.  3d. 
and  2s.  ed.;  per  gallon,  ils. 

The  "INVICTA"  MILDEW  DESTROYER 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Mnnvfacturers, 

THE  AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY, 

TONBRIDGE,   KENT. 

K,,M    liy    .S.-.-.i-ni,  II    I    I'lorists. 

NOTK.— There  i>  no  liranrli  ol'  uur  ln.-lness  at  Glasgow  or 
elsewhere,  and  we  are  not  connected  with  any  company  of  a 
similar  name. 


SEEDLING  PLANTS 

OF    CHOICE 

FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 


WE    HAVE    MUCH    PLEASURE 
in  offering  the  followiug,  in  strong,  healthy,  trans- 
planted young  stuff,  from  our  superb  strains. 
Free  by  Post  at  prices  quoted. 

Per  dozen. — s.  d. 
Auriculas,    alpine.      Very  choice,  strong  young 

plants  for  blooming  next  season       

Calceolarias,  herbaceous,    splendid  strain     ...    2   6 
Carnations  and  Picotees.  From  choicest  named 

Iluuers        per  100,  lOs.  Gd.     1     6 

,,    y..'llow  varieties       3    6 

Cinerarias.    Large  flowered,  very  fine, 

per  100,  10s.  6d.  1  6 

Hollyhocks.    Choicest  double  o  6 

Primulas,  Alba  magnifica.     Splendid  pure  white  3  6 
,,    Crimson  King.       Deep  crimson,  magnificent 

colour         3  6 

„    Queen  of  Whites.    Very  fine       3  6 

,,    Purpurea  magnifica.    Superb  variety 3  6 

,,    The  Bride.      New  dark-stemmed  pure  white, 

splendid     3  6 

,,     Choicest  red,  white,  or  milted, 

per  100,  lOs.  6d.  1  6 

,.    Fern-leaved.    Choice  mixed  „  lOs.  Gd.  1  6 

Primroses.      High  coloured  hybrids,  very  choice 

strain per  100,  10s.  6d.  1  6 

Polyanthus,  gold-laced.   Fine       „        75. 6rf.   1   0 


2    6 


Primulas,  double,  pure  white.    Splendid  for  fumish- 

iiij,'aii  abuiuiaiir-'  of  cut  llowcrs throughout  the  autumn 
iinJ  wintt T.  WtfU-routed  strong  young  plants,  from 
3-iuch  pots,  per  100,  42s.;  perdoz.,  &s.;  three  for  Is.  9d. 


DANIELS  BROS., 

TOWN       CLOSE      NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


SUTTON'S  SEEDS 

GENUINE  ONIY  DIRECTFROM  READING. 


VEGETABLE  SEEDS  FOR  PRESENT  SOWING 


ONION— 

THE  QUEEM. 

SUTTON'S  IMPEO\'ED  KEADINO. 

LETTXTCE— 

Cos  Varieties : 

SlTToNS  WrOTER  WHITE. 
SlTTdNS  OHAJIPIO>f  BROWN. 
Cabbage  Varieties ; 

SUTTU-NS  OEM. 

SUTTON'S  CO.^IMODORE  NUTT, 
For  prices  and  full  particulars  of  these  and  other  Seeeds 
for  Present  Sowing  see  Sutton's  Amateur's  Gulde,  the 
largest  and  most  complete  Seed  Catalogue  issued. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

strong  Roots,  is.  per  100.  Plants  In  small  pots.  16s.  per  100; 
ditto  in  large  pots.  2.is.  per  100.    Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  aud  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 


nU      riti"  ^-S^—     MNNELL'S  PfilMULAS- 


200  ACRES 

<,  ceftainh 


''ii^rc^^zzfj^^i^^^^^^^^^^ 


PRIMULAS— 

Is.  6J.  per  dozen,  lis.  per  100;   in  pots,  16s.  per  100. 

cinerarias- 
Is.  per  dozen.  7.';.  per  100;  in  pots,  12s.  per  100. 


H.     CANNEIiL    &     SONS, 

THE     HOME     OF     FLOWEKS.     SWANLEY,     KENT. 


August  6,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHMONICLE. 


153 


WEBBS'  SEEDS 

FOR  PRESENT  SOWING. 


CABBAGE. 


WEBBS'     EMPEROR     CABBAGE. 

6d.  and  Is.  per  pu.kct :  Is.  6d.  per  ouuco. 

From  Jlr.  F.  Habrisox,  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hod.  the 

Earl  of  Derby.—"  nVifi.-i'  Emperor  Cabbage  was  groxcn  side 

bysideiuith  four  other  /.f/ii/v,  arid  was  considered  to  be  the 

best  of  the  lot.     It  is  a  gnind  Cabbage." 


Early  Nonpareil  Cabbage      83.  peroun 

Enfleld  Market  Cabbage        6d.    ,. 

Early  Ralnbam  Cabbage       8d.    „ 

Ked  DutcU  or  Pickling  Cabbage   ...   8d.    .. 

ONION.    p„o. 

Per  rncket.     s. 

Webbs'  Red  Globe  Tripoli      6d.         1 

Large  Flat  Eed  Tripoli          6d.         0 

Giant  Rocca 6d.          1 

Wllte  Lisbon         0 

,f. 

0 
9 
0 
6 

1KEI-:  ny  po^t  or  rail. 

Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  tbe  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  tbe  Prince  of  Wales, 

WORDSLEY,  STOURBRIDGE. 


HOOPER   &    GO,,    Lim., 

COVENT    GARDEN   LONDON. 


BEGONIAS. 


Per  dozen,  4s.,  post-free. 

GLOXINIAS. 

Seeillingr!  of  our  mn!;iiific.-iit  strains,  not  emialkd  bv  nnv  in 
existence  that  we  ar-  aware  of.     The  mo.t  superb  of  house 

plants.  In    tbumb-pots,  6s.   dozen. 

PETUNIA  HOOPER'S  EMPRESS. 

A  lively  soft  pink,  i,-rfeetly  double,  and  of  splendid  habit. 
Is.  each;  7s.  6d.  dozen. 

SCHUBERTIA  GRANDIFLORA. 

A  new  plant  of  great  merit.  iJt'st  iiinil  t.;>  1;ike  a  prominent 
position  as  one  of  the  best  no\et'.iH~  inlroihif  d  )".:.r  mimy  years, 
it  flowers  profusely  in  clusters,  shape  of  the  Allamnnda,  pure 
white,  deliciously  scented,  aod  lasting  a  long  time  in  water; 
flowers  large  and  of  good  substance.  For  cut  blooms  and 
decorative  purposes  it  is  unique  ;  the  culture  most  simple  in 
the  ordinary  greenhouse  or  conservatory. 

lOs.  6d.  and  21s.  each. 
HOOPER  &  CO.,  Limited,  Covent  Garden. 

15,000  TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LE.4BI>"G  ^'ARIETIES, 

Fine  plants,  in5^  and  6-inch  pots,  12s.,  15s.,  and  18s.  per  dozen, 

according  to  size. 

The  Companv  believa  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  bv 

any  in  the  country.    LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  oil 

application.        ^^-^^  ,„  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  application. 


THE  LIVEBPOOL  HORTICULTITRAIi  CO. 

(JOHN     COWAS),     Ll.MITED, 

THE  VINEYARD  and  NUKSEKIES,  GARSTON, 

NEAR  LnTRPOOL. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE,  containing   "Hints   on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including     Descriptive      "List     OF     New,    Rabe,    and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  applicat'on. 


W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FEEN    NURBBRY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


Carters'  Seeds 


PRESENT  SOWING. 


CABBAGE -Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

IVonouneed  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cultiva- 
tiuii.    Very  distinct.    The  heads  are  e.\tremely  firm, 
weighiuR  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  sealed  packets  only— Per  pkt..  Is.  &  id. ;  per  oz.,  Is.  ed. 

All  post  free. 

OABBACE— Carters'  Mammotli  Beefheart. 

The  best    Main-crop   Gar.len  Cabbage  iu  cultivatiou  ; 
very  large  firm  heads  of  exuuisite  flavour,  very  few 
outside  leaves,  and  does  not  readily  run.    The  finest 
Summer  Cabbage  known. 
In  sealed  packets — Per  pkt..  Is.  and  Gd. ;  per  ounce,  Is.  Gd. 

Price,  per  pkt.,  post  free. 
s.  d. 

CAKTKUS'  UIANT  WHITE  COS  erf.  &  1     0 

DUNNETT'S  GIANT  WINTER  COS     6rf.  &  I     0 

HARDY'S  NORTHERN  KINO  COS      I    u 

CARTERS'  LONGSTANDER  CABBAGE  LET- 
TUCE              2s.  6rf.  &  I    0 

ALL  THE  YEAH  ROUND  CABBAGE  LETTUCE  ...  0    (i 


Po^tfree.    Peroz.  Per  pkt. 

s.    d.  s.  d. 

■ARTFIl.s-  GOLDEN  GLOBE  TRIPOLI...    2    0  In 

ilANT   KOICA 1     (i  OB 

ilANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI 10  0     (i 

i:UiI,Y  WHITE  NAPLES 0     9  — 

jlANT  MADEIRA       l)     9  — 


LEHUCE. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


ROSES    IN     POTS 


all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18s.  to  36.s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


DUTCH  ANO^CAPE  BULBS. 

ANT.   ROOZEN   &  SON, 

OVERVEEN,    near    HAARLEM,     HOLLAND, 


Have  pleasure  in  informing  tb.-ir  numerous  Friends  that 
th.-ir  h.arven  of  Bulbs  is  unuMially  fine  this  season,  and  that 
their  CATALOGUE  for  1887.  containing  details  of  their  im- 
mense Collections  of  New,  Bare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants 
(S^  pages,  in  English),  is  now  ready,  and  will,  as  usual,  be  sent 
Post-free,  on  application  tothem,  or  to  their  General  Agentsfor 
Great  Britain, 

MESSRS.   MERTEN3   &  CO., 
3,  Cross  Lane.  St.  Mary-at-HlU,  London,  EC, 

SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  BOSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,    HEREFORD. 


DUTCH     BULBS     CHEAP. 

FRENCH     BULBS     CHEAP. 

ENGLISH     BULBS     CHEAP. 

See  our   WItohsale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulhs, 
free  on  application, 

iofHYAC 
[RIS,  SN( 
nding  your  Orders  abroad. 


WATKINS   &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W,C. 


Now  ready.  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I..  Tliird  Series.  JAN.  to  JUNE,  11-87. 
W.   RICHARDS,    41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

As  a  Supplement 

TO  THE 

GARDENERS'    ClIRONICLE 

FOR 

Next  Week,  August  13, 

WILL  BE 

Published    an    Ink-Photograph 
Devizes   Castle. 


THE 


darilrtuni^  dllimnirfc, 


SATURDAY,   AUGUST  G,   1887. 


THE    GARDENS    OF   OXFORD. 

'T^IIE  most  delightful  bits  of  earth  on  the  varied 
-*-  surface  of  the  globe  are  its  islands  and  its 
gardens,  and  in  temperate  climes  the  best  and 
most  beautiful  island,  ''with  verdure  clad"  all 
the  year  round,  is  England,  while  the  best 
place  for  gardens  is  the  city  of  Oxford.  Dr. 
Asa  Ciray,  visiting  Oxford  for  Commemoration 
Day  this  year,  just  at  the  time  when  the  College 
gardens  displayed  the  livery  of  summer  without 
stain  or  tarnish,  recalled  perhaps  the  words 
of  his  country's  great  novelist.  Hawthorne 
had  just  visited  some  of  the  College  gardtns, 
and  especially  those  of  St.  John's,  when  he 
wrote  in  his  journal  of  18.56,  afterwards  pub- 
lished as  his  English  Note  Bool;,  "  The  world 
surely  has  not  another  place  like  Oxford  ;  it  is  a 
despair  to  see  such  a  place  and  ever  to  leave  it." 
Delighted  as  he  was  with  the  ornamental 
grounds  of  Oxford  Hawthorne  seems  to  have 
overlooked  a  lesser  area  of  five  acres  lying  near 
the  bridge  by  which  Oxford  is  entered  from  the 
north  and  watered  by  the  Cherwell.  These 
five  acres,  however,  are  so  famous  in  the  annals 
of  horticulture  that  in  this  brief  notice  of 
the  gardens  of  Oxford  they  claim  the  first 
place.  The  oldest  of  our  English  botanic 
gardens,  contemporary  with  the  founding  of 
the  Royal  Society,  covers  these  five  acres  of 
ground  lying  between  the  Water  Walks  of 
Magdalen  and  the  meadows  of  Christchurch. 
John  Evelyn  visited  this  garden  in  16.54,  and 
found  the  Sensitive-plant  exhibited  as  a  great 
wonder.  Coming  again  in  1664  he  mentioned 
the  Locust  trees  and  Planes,  and  it  forms  a 
pleasing  record  and  a  proof  of  his  perennial  in- 
terest in  natural  history  and  science,  that  Evelyn 
was  here  again  in  1675,  when  he  attended  the 
lectures  of  Dr.  Robert  Morison  in  the  School  of 
Medicine  in  these  grounds.  But  the  gardens 
were  established  as  early  as  1632,  and  when  John 
Tradescant  died,  six  years  afterwards,  he  had  been 
appointed  to  the  office  of  gardener,  which  is  now 
held  by  Mr.  Baxter,  who  showed  me  with  much 
pride  the   grounds  he  loyes  so   well,  the    gjh' 


154 


THE     GAFDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[August  6,  1887. 


thorpian  trees,  and  the  collection  of  aquatics 
which  has  rendered  him  famous  in  the  annals  of 
Horticulture,  but  who,  after  long  and  faithful 
service  to  the  University,  I  regret  to  learn,  is 
about  to  resign  his  charge,  and  break  his  heart. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  ample  provision  will  be 
made  for  a  man  so  much  esteemed. 

After  Tradescant,  who  is  known  for  his  garden 
at  Lambeth,  and  his  collection  of  objects  of 
natural  history  which  formed  the  nucleus  of  the 
Ashmolean  Museum,  another  well-lmown  name 
comes  in  order  in  regard  to  time  and  note. 
Sherard  deserves  a  prominent  position  among 
the  series  of  patrons  who  made  the  physio 
garden  and  its  herbarium  prominent  for  their 
botanic  treasures.  It  was  he  who  endowed  that 
professorship  of  botany  which  another  patron 
and  planter  of  trees  here,  Dr.  Sibthorp,  held. 
Dr.  Daubeny,  author  of  Trees  of  the  Ancients, 
was  an  eminent  successor  of  Sibthorpe,  and,  like 
him,  a  patron  of  the  gardens  to  which  he  devoted 
part  of  his  ample  private  means.  He  filled  the 
chair  of  Kural  Economy,  which  is  now  occupied  by 
Dr.  Gilbert,  the  collea.gue  of  Sir  .John  B.  Lawes 
at  Rothamsted,  while  the  post  of  Professor  of 
Botany,  with  the  guardianship  of  the  gardens,  is 
held  by  Professor  Bailey  Balfour. 

Those  two  superb  Water  Lilies,  the  Indian  anJ 
the  Egyptian  Lotus,  were  blossoming  in  the  stove 
tank  side  by  side.  The  first  is  a  wondrous  plant  in 
Eastern  mythology.  A  variety  called  Nymphjea  de- 
voniana  was  in  bloom,  having  a  deep  red  blossom 
which  might  have  recalled  the  romantic  poetry  of 
Moore,  and  the  fables  he  recounts,  besides  con- 
trasting with  the  blue  Nyraphrea  scutifolia  of 
Egypt,  blossoming  and  floating  by  its  side ;  but 
unfortunately  the  red  flower  shuts  up  close  by  day, 
showing  only  a  few  gleams  of  its  fiery  red  petals, 
while  the  blue  one  opens  by  day  and  shuts  as  soon 
as  its  neighbour  displays  itself.  It  is  a  pity  that 
these  two  floral  peacocks  do  not  spread  their  tails 
together.  The  blue  Water  Lily,  queen  of  flowers  in 
the  Nile,  wliile  the  red  Lily  is  empress  in  the  Ganges, 
are  both  exquisite  flowers,  and  in  these  days  of  numer- 
ous stove  tanks  at  Kew,  and  elsewhere,  in  private 
gardens  and  in  scores  of  others  devoted  to  com- 
merce, need  not  be  rare.  N.  Daubeniana,  a  Lily  of 
paler  blue,  was  well  named,  since  it  was  raised  here, 
every  leaf  bearing  a  plant. 

The  North  American  N.  odorata  and  the  yellow 
Nelumbium,  were  liere,  but  not  in  blossom  on  Mid- 
summer Day.  Perennial  Rice  was  in  full  blossom.  A 
good  patch  of  annual  Rice  also  graces  the  tank,  as  well 
as  a  handsome  clump  of  Pajiyrus,  a  plant  which  Mr. 
Baxter  had  from  the  Chelsea  Botanic  Gardens  before 
Mr.  Moore's  time.  Other  "  good  things  "  abound  in 
the  tank,  and  I  noticed  in  the  adjacent  stove  a  good 
collection  in  capital  order,  and  a  Banana  which  has 
just  yielded  a  large  cluster  of  fruit. 

The  basin  for  aquatics  in  the  open  garden  holds  a 
good  collection  of  British  species,  and  a  lover  of 
that  class  of  plants  might  be  happy  here  for  hours, 
but  the  gods  have  dwelt  in  trees,  and  there  are 
several  here  of  peculiar  interest  which  I  saw  years 
ago,  and  wished  to  look  upon  again  in  their  mid- 
summer attire.  Sophora  japonica  was  planted  here 
nearly  seventy  years  ago  by  Mr.  Baxter's  father,  who 
took  the  post  of  Curator,  as  the  gardener  was  then 
called,  in  1813.  It  is  strange  tliis  noble  tree  should 
not  be  more  generally  planted,  since  it  appears  to 
be  perfectly  hardy,  and  it  has  certainly  grown  here 
very  rapidly.  The  trunk  at  5  feet  from  the  ground 
is,  we  estimated,  quite  11  feet  in  circumference,  and 
the  pale  green  foliage,  with  leaves  much  divided, 
like  those  of  the  Mountain  Ash,  has  a  very  cheerful 
appearance.  In  the  case  of  this  specimen  its  habit 
hai  been  to  spread  laterally,  and  the  head  is  not 
lifted  high,  but  covers  a  great  deal  of  ground.  The 
soil  here  must  be  good  judging  from  the  large  size  of 
the  trees,  and  perhaps  the  Cherwell,  a  stone's-throw 
distant  from  the  Sophora,  waters  its  roots  bv  perco- 
lation through  the  subsoil,  as  it  has  certainly  done  in 


the  case  of  the  great  English  Elms  in  the  river-bank 
and  in  that  of  a  neighbouring  Weeping  Willow,  a 
large  specimen  at  the  water's  edge,  outside  the  garden 
walls — a  beautiful  tree  once,  but  now  unfortunately 
much  broken  by  storms  and  time.  The  Christ's  Thorn, 
from  South  Europe — Zizyphus  paliurus — having  long, 
thin,  pliable  branches  and  sharp  spines  pointing  in 
all  directions,  grows  here  under  the  shelter  of  a 
wall,  and  claims  to  be  the  "  true  "  Thorn — the  Gled- 
itschia  horrida  of  the  monasteries  having  no  claim  to 
be  the  true  sort  though  it  has  been  often  gi'own  and 
shown  as  such. 

Pyrus  domestica,  a  tree  here  of  the  Sibthorpian 
epoch  and  now  in  fruit,  is  one  of  the  remaining 
specimens  of  the  true  Service,  which  has  become 
scarce.  P.  Aria,  White  Beam,  does  not  look  so  white 
as  I  have  seen  it  in  the  Surrey  Downs.  P.  inter- 
media is  a  hybrid  with  a  leaf  still  greener.  There  is 
a  fine  specimen  of  flowering  Ash.  Ornus  europa^a, 
just  off  the  blossom,  which  consists  of  greenish-white 
petals  and  yields  no  seed.  It  was  grafted  on  the 
common  Ash,  and  was  probably  planted  bv  Sibthorpe 
at  the  same  time  as  the  true  Service,  and  as  Corylus 
colurna,  the  Frizzled  Filbert,  from  Turkey,  which  is 
here,  between  walls,  perfectly  hardy.  The  cut  sheath 
of  the  blossom  is  carried  past  the  nut,  and  the  thin 
leaf  is  not  so  rough  as  that  of  the  common  Filbert. 
It  is  a  handsome  small  tree  here,  and  the  lower 
branches  weep,  which  is  not,  I  think,  the  habit  of 
the  tree,  but  is  due  to  its  age  and  the  weight  of  its 
branches.  Sibthorpe's  trees  must  be  about  a  hundred 
years  old.  The  Salisburia,  or  Maiden-hair  tree  of 
these  gardens,  which  I  noticed  in  many  others  at 
Oxford,  is  an  upright  specimen  40  feet  high,  and  it 
has  been  dying  fast  the  last  two  years,  and  will  soon 
be  firewood.  Two  fine  Yews  standing  on  either  side 
of  a  gatew.ay  are  of  much  older  date,  since  they  were 
formerly  clipped  in  the  Dutch  style  of  the  seventeenth 
century  into  the  forms  of  two  giants,  who  were  sup- 
posed to  gujird  the  gardens.  They  have  been  respited 
from  the  shears  long  enough  for  the  obliteration  of 
the  giants,  and  their  uprising  heads  of  graceful 
branches  show  no  traces  of  mutilation. 

I  omitted  to  inquire  for  the  Salicetum,  near  the 
river,  which  contained,  and  may  still  perhaps  contain, 
almost  every  species  of  British  Willow.  Probably  it 
is  thought  that  a  "physic  garden"  in  these  days 
need  not  rival  the  botanical  completeness  of  a  great 
establishment  like  Kew,  or  a  critic  might  say  that 
there  was  room  for  extension  in  these  gardens. 
E\en  Oxford  might  add  to  its  glory  if,  by  any  means, 
it  could  induce  a  taste  for  any  of  those  branches  of 
rural  economy  which  Dr.  Gilbert  is  of  all  men  most 
competent  to  teach.  H.  E, 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM  +  STAUROIDES   GRAVES- 
lANUM. 

Thk  very  fine  and  curious  Odontoglossum  stauroitles 
has  at  last  reappeared  at  Mr.  F.  Sanders,  surprising 
us  once  more.  The  very  graceful  inflorescence  at 
hand  shows  five  well  developed  flowers,  which  have 
light  ochre-sulphur  coloured  sepals  and  petals, 
adorned  with  purple-brown  spots,  usually  two  on 
the  sepal,  one  on  the  petal,  and  some  lines  and  dots 
of  the  same  colour  at  the  base.  The  graceful  pan- 
durate  lip  is  white,  with  a  fine  purple-brown  centre, 
and  some  purple-brown  lines  and  spots  near  the  base, 
where  there  is  some  yellow  on  the  disc  and  calli.  It 
is  named  at  Mr.  Sander's  desire  in  honour  of  an  excel- 
lent collector— Mr.  Graves,  Orange,  United  States 
of  America.  H.  G.  Bchb.f. 

Edcomis  pallidifloha,  Baker,  n.  sp* 
This  new  species  of  Eucomis  is  intermediate  be- 
tween E.  punctata  and  E.  undulata.    It  has  the  com- 

•  Eucomis  pal Udi/iora,  Baker,  n.  sp.— Bulbo  globoso;  foliis 
oblanceolntis  bipedalibua  viridibua  margiiie  crispato-denticu- 
latis;  pedunculo  valido  elongate  impunetato;  racemo  pedali 
cyliodato,  bracteis  ovatis ;  pedicellis  erectopatentihus  flore 
loDgioribua;  perianthiisegmeatis  pallide  viridibu-H;  RenitaUbus 
-concoloribiis,  comae  foliis  circiter  30  parvis  oblongo-lanceolatis. 


paratively  lax  raceme,  long  pedicels,  aud  long 
cylindrical  peduncle  of  the  former,  but  the  peduncle 
and  leaves  are  quite  unspotted,  and  all  the  parts  o 
the  flower  are  green.  The  bulbs  came  toIvewfromMr 
Nelson,  along  with  those  of  Albuca  Nelsoni,  and  the 
specimen  from  which  the  present  description  was 
mainly  made  was  flowered  at  Queenstown  by  Mr.  W. 
E.  Gumbleton.  We  do  not  know  the  exact  locality 
from  which  Mr.  Nelson's  bulbs  were  obtained,  but  it 
is  apparently  identical  specifically  with  a  plant  col- 
lected in  the  Orange  Free  State,  in  1862,  by  Mr, 
Thomas  Cooper. 

Bulb  globose,  2  inches  in  diameter.  Leaves  five  to 
six  to  a  stem,  oblanceolate,  suberect,  bright  green, 
unspotted,  reaching  a  length  of  above  2  feet,  aud  a 
breadth  of  4 — 5  inches  above  the  middle,  narrowed 
gradually  to  a  deeply  channelled  base  2  inches  broad, 
minutely  ciliato-denticulate  on  the  edge,  especially  in 
the  lower  half.  Peduncle  cylindrical,  plain  green,  1.^ 
— 2  feet  long,  half  an  inch  in  diameter.  Expanded 
raceme  a  foot  long,  2^  inches  in  diameter,  crowned 
with  a  coma  of  about  thirty  small  oblong-lanceolate 
leaves,  ciliated  with  whitish  bristles  ;  pedicels  erecto- 
patent,  | — 1  inch  long;  bracts  ovate,  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  long.  Expanded  perianth  I^  inch  in  diameter; 
segments  oblong-acute,  greenish-white.  Filaments 
lanceolate-deltoid,  green.  Ovary  ovoid,  the  same 
colour  as  the  perianth.  J.  G.  Baker. 

Selaginella    jenmani,    Baker,   Handbook,   p.  45. 
Jcnman,  n.  sp. 

Fronds  quite  prostrate,  rooting  very  freely  along  the 
axis,  herbaceous,  dark  green,  3 — 4  or  6  inches  long, 
with  pinnatiform  subdistant  short  branches,  which  are 
usually  again  shortly  branched  in  like  manner. 
Rachis  firm,  stramineous,  leafy  to  the  base, 1^—2  lines 
wide  over  all.  Major  leaves  oblique,  contiguous, 
most  apart  at  the  base  of  the  stem,  imbricating  on 
the  outer  branches,  1 — 1^  line  long,  1  line  wide,  very 
imequilateral,  obliquely  ovate-deltoid,  obliquely  cor- 
date at  the  base,  the  auricled  superior  side  very  dis- 
proportionately deep,  point  obtuse,  margins  plain. 
Minor  leaves  ovate,  the  bases  slightly  overlapped,  cor- 
date and  nearly  equilateral,  acute,  three-quarters  of  a 
line  long  and  nearly  as  wide,  spikes  short,  four-gonal ; 
bracts  convex  or  keeled,  acute. — Guiana,  Jenman, 
n.  1480.  Gathered  on  the  rocks  at  the  foot  of 
the  Kaieteur  Fall.  This  has  some  resemblance 
to  platyphylla,  but  the  branches  are  nearer,  the 
leaves  closer,  broader  in  relation  to  the  length,  the 
upper  side  being  so  disproportionately  wide  as  to 
produce  an  obliquely-deltoid  outline,  though  those  at 
the  ends  of  the  branches,  which  are  crowded  and 
imbricating,  are  more  equally  cordate,  and  in  all 
cases  the  one  at  the  base  of  each  branch  is  strictly 
heart-shaped,  both  sides  being  equal,  as  is  the  case 
in  some  other  species.  My  specimens  are  in  fruit 
only  slightly,  and  it  is  likely  the  spikes  are  longer 
than  I  have  described. 

Selaginella  potahoensis,  Jenman,  n.  sp. 

Fronds  quite  prostrate,  with  delicate  filiform  roots 
at  the  joints,  2 — 4  inches  long,  with  short,  distant, 
alternate  branches,  which  are  simple,  or  again  shortly 
branched,  flaccid,  and  delicate.  Rachises  very  slender 
and  thread-like,  brightly  stramineous,  leafy  to  the 
base,  2 — 24  lines  wide  overall.  Major  leaves  spread- 
ing, distant,  becoming  gradually  contiguous,  but  not 
touching,  on  the  outer  parts,  obliquely  ovate,  broadly 
acute,  obliquely  cordate,  but  narrowed  at  the  base, 
the  superior  base  very  slightly  auricled,  1-f  line  long, 
f  line  broad,  the  margin  plain,  light  straw-green. 
Minor  leaves  much  reduced,  distant,  situated  at  the 
base  of  the  major,  inequilateral,  attached  by  the  inner 
side  of  the  base,  obliquely  ovate,  cuspidate,  about 
a  quarter  of  a  line  long  and  nearly  as  wide.  Spikes 
four-gonal.  I — 4  lines  long.  Bracts  ovate-lanceo- 
late, imbricating,  butslightly  open. — Guiana.  Jenman, 
n.  1818.  In  ravines  in  the  forest  near  the  Kaieteur  Fall. 
A  species  well  marked  by  its  bright  straw  colour, 
very  slender  conspicuous  yellow  rachises,  distant 
ovate  lateral  leaves,  which  seem  at  sight,  though 
they  are  not  really,  narrowed  equally  each  way,  and 
very  minute  medial  ones.    The  latter  are 'so  small 


August  6,  ISST.] 


THE     GAB  DENE  US'     CHB0NICLE. 


155 


that  they  can  only  be  seen  by  the  aid  of  a  lens. 
When  a  frond  is  looked  at  on  the  underside  with  a 
lens  they  are  seen  projecting  like  a  small  auricle 
against  the  inferior  base  of  the  major  leaves.  In  the 
longer  spikes,  some  of  which  are  nearly  half  an  inch 
long,  the  bracts  imbricate  moderately  firmly,  but  in 
the  shorter  ones,  a  line  or  so  long,  they  are  lax 
and  seera,  as  is  often  the  case  in  that  state,  some- 
what disposed  to  be,  but  are  not,  resupinate. 


cms  WICK   NOTES. 

Dwarf  Thop.eolums  at  Chiswick.  —  On  .Tuly  29 
I  inspected  these,  and  was  surprised  to  find  but  very 
little  bloom  indeed  upon  them.  Empress  of  India 
being  the  most  attractive  from  a  floral  point  of  view. 
The  fact  is.  this  race  of  Tropreolums,  though  very 
dwarf  in  growth,  are  effective  only  for  a  brief  period, 
and  as  they  seed  very  freely  the  crop  of  blossom  is 
soon  exhausted.  They  can  be  depended  upon  to 
flower  only  for  a  brief  season,  and  by  the  end  of 
July  their  beauty  is  past,  and  the  energies  of  the 
plants  go  to  the  maturation  of  the  seeds.  What  is 
wanted  is  a  race  almost  or  quite  sterile,  and 
if  such  an  one  could  be  obtained  there  would  be  a 
chance  of  the  plants  blooming  on  to  the  end  of  the 
summer.  Another  requirement  is  stouter  flowers,  of 
thicker  texture,  and  with  the  segments  closer  toge- 
ther, so  as  to  ensure  better  form.    Visitor. 

Asters. 
By  the  second  week  in  August  a  somewhat  exten- 
sive trial  of  Asters  Mr.  Barron  is  carrying  out  at 
Chiswick  will  be  in  good  bloom.  Kow  early  flower- 
ing varieties  are  always  useful,  and  there  is  one 
among  the  Chiswick  collection  that  well  deserves 
a  special  notice.  It  is  one  in  Messrs.  Vilmorin's 
collection  known  as  the  Queen  of  the  Market,  a 
superior  form  of  the  old  China  Aster,  growing  to  a 
height  of  9  to  12  inches,  very  full  of  bloom,  throwing 
out  its  flowering-stems  almost  horizontally,  the 
flowers  large,  not  fully  double  like  Truffaut's,  but 
very  showy,  and  of  various  colours,  such  as  white, 
pink,  crimson,  rosy-purple,  purple,  and  lavender. 
This  blooms  several  days  before  any  other,  and  it 
appears  to  me  to  be  a  desirable  variety  to  cultivate 
in  pots  for  market  purposes,  and  also  for  flower- 
garden  decoration.  B.  D. 

Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums. 
It  was  recently  stated  in  your  columns  that  there 
appears  to  be  a  good  deal  of  confusion  in  regard  to 
the  Bames  of  the  varieties  of  Ivy-leaved  Pelargo- 
niums forming  the  collection  at  Chiswick.  Of  this 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  especially  is  this  true  of 
the  double  white  varieties  having  lilac-pink  shades. 
This  confusion  arises,  no  doubt,  partly  from  the  fact 
that  a  new  variety  is  sent  out  that  scarcely,  if  at  all, 
differs  from  one  already  in  cultivation — an  occurrence 
not  at  all  unusual  in  the  case  of  florists'  flowers  ;  and 
also  from  the  fact  that  Continental  nurserymen 
appear  to  have  sent  promising  seedlings  under  num- 
bers to  the  trade  in  England  ;  they  have  named  them 
and  sent  them  out,  while  the  raiser  has  done  so  on 
his  own  account.  I  am  not  in  any  way  insinuating 
that  there  is  anything  of  an  unworthy  character  on 
the  part  of  the  English  trader,  but  that  this  does 
happen  there  can  be  no  doubt.  What  is  wanted  at 
Chiswick  is  a  Garden  Committee,  consisting  of  about 
three  com])etent  persons,  to  correct  duplicate 
naming.  The  work  is  too  exacting  to  be  under- 
taken by  a  large  body  like  the  Floral  Committee. 
Very  close  and  careful  comparison  is  required,  that 
no  injustice  be  done.  Mr.  J.  George,  who  is  one  of 
the  earliest  and  foremost  improvers  of  the  Ivy-leaf 
Pelargonium,  tells  me  that  Gem,  which  is  quite  true 
to  name,  was  raised  by  himself,  and  not  by  Mr.  H. 
Cannell,  about  twelve  years  ago.  Masterpiece  is 
another  of  Mr.  George's  raising,  and  he  states  that  it 
was  generally  understood  for  a  number  of  years  that 
these  hybrids  could  not  be  bred  from,  because  they 
never  produced  pollen  ;  he,  as  well  as  the  late  Dr. 
Denny,  tried  for  a  number  of  years  to  obtain  some, 
but  always  failed.    Mr.  George  tried  to  make  them 


fertile  by  taking  pollen  from  the^single  and'double 
zonal  varieties,  but  never  secured  seed.  At  last  one 
of  his  varieties  (St.  George)  sported  to  a  deeper 
colour  than  the  parents  ;  this  was  sent  out  under  the 
name  of  Jlrs.  J.  George,  and  from  this  sport  Mr. 
George  got  the  first  pod  of  seeds  that  was  ever  got 
from  a  hybrid  Ivy-leaf,  and  from  the  pod  eight  plants 
were  obtained.  The  seed  was  sown  early  in  the 
following  September,  and  one,  subsequently  named 
JIasterpiece,  was  the  first  to  flower  in  the  following 
May  ;  and  two  other  fine  varieties  also  came  from  it, 
viz..  Future  Fame  and  Dr.  Masters,  and  all  three 
were  awarded  Certificates  of  Merit  at  South  Ken- 
sington. Why  the  sport  alone  should  have  pro- 
duced seed  is  beyond  the  comprehension  of  Mr, 
George ;  [a  very  interesting  case  of  reversion  to 
the  original  ancestral  state.  Ed.]  and,  singular 
to  state,  this  peculiarity  has  descended  to  its 
progeny;  for  all  three  varieties  obtained  from  the 
sport  produce  pollen  freely,  and  also  seed,  and 
Mr.  W.  Owen,  nurseryman.  Maidenhead,  has  raised 
some  very  fine  double  varieties  from  Masterpiece. 
The  Continental  raisers  have  furnished  a  good  quota 
of  work  also  as  raisers,  but  no  information  is  forth- 
coming of  which  I  am  aware  as  to  their  parentage. 
It  may  be  that  the  three  varieties  obtained  from  the 
sport  from  St.  George  are  the  real  progenitors  of  the 
varieties  raised  subsequently  on  the  Continent. 
R.D. 


DENDROBIUM  PULCHELLUM. 

What  is  Dendrobium  pulchellum  ?  The  answer  to 
this  query  is  not  so  easy  as  might  at  first  be  supposed. 
Sir  William  Hooker  in  18o8  figured  a  plant  under 
this  name  {Botanical  Magaziap,  t.  5037),  with  the 
remark,  "  That  this  is  the  Dendrobium  pulchellum 
of  our  gardens,  and  of  Mauud  and  Loddiges  there 
can  be  no  manner  of  doubt,  but  I  am  by  no  means 
clear  about  it  being  the  D.  pulchellum  of  Roxburgh 
and  Lindley."  This  shrewd  guess  of  Sir  William 
Hooker's  indicates  precisely  what  has  taken  place, 
namely,  a  confusion  of  species,  and  to  unravel  this 
confusion  is  the  object  of  the  present  note. 

Roxburgh  tells  us  of  a  Dendrobium  "  found 
indigenous  on  trees  and  on  rocks  in  the  forests  of 
the  Silhet  hills,  in  flower  in  M.ay  and  June.  A  very 
beautiful  species ;  the  flowers  are  considerably  smaller 
than  in  D.  formosum.  but  the  colour  more  lively." 
This  he  named  D.  pulchellum,  a  full  description 
appearing  in  his  Flora  Indica.  The  MSS.  of  this 
work  was  written  before  1820,  though  unfortunately 
Roxburgh  did  not  live  to  publish  it.  He  left,  how- 
ever, at  the  Calcutta  Botanic  Garden,  a  set  of  life- 
sized  coloured  drawings,  with  botanical  dissections, 
2542  in  number,  among  which  nearly  all  the  Indian 
species  described  in  his  Flora  Indica  are  depicted. 
In  a  duplicate  set,  Lindley  found  a  drawing  of  this 
plant,  which  he  published  in  June,  1830,  in  his 
Genera  and  Species  of  Orchidaceous  Plants,  with  the 
remark,  "  Roxburgh  MSS.  (v.  ic.  pict.)."  Two  years 
later  Roxburgh's  Flora  was  published,  in  three 
volumes,  where  his  description  may  be  found.  A 
fine  duplicate  drawing  of  Roxburgh's  is  now  at  Kew, 
which  shows  the  species  to  closely  resemble  D.  raos- 
chatum  In  size,  habit,  racemes,  also  in  size  of  flowers  ; 
but  the  colour  is  paler  and  the  lip  is  flat  instead  of 
sac-shaped.  I  have  carefully  searched  for  the  species 
in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  also  in  Lindley's,  but  do  not 
find  a  single  specimen  ;  nor  does  it  ever  appear  to  have 
been  in  cultivation,  so  that  the  work  remains  for  some 
one  to  re-discover  the  plant  in  the  woods  of  Silhet. 

The  confusion  began  with  Loddiges,  who  figured 
in  his  Botanical  Cabinet,  in  1833,  as  D.  pulchellum, 
the  plant  still  known  in  gardens  under  that  name, 
which  is  far  from  being  Roxburgh's  plant.  Loddiges 
says  it  is  a  native  of  India,  in  which,  however,  he 
was  doubtless  simply  following  Lindley.  Maund 
next  figures  the  same  plant  from  a  specimen  which 
flowered  in  Loddiges  collection  at  Hackney,  stating 
that  it  is  a  native  of  Silhet,  and  was  introduced 
about  1829  by  the  Horticultural  Society.  In  1840 
D.  devonianum  had  been  described  and  figured  in 
Paxtoa's  Magazine  of  Botany,  also  in  the  Botanical 


Magazine,  thus  furnishing  the  materials  for  still 
further  increasing  the  confusion.  In  1859  Lindley, 
in  "  Contributions  to  the  Orchidology  of  India " 
(Journ.  Linn.  Soc),  again  had  to  deal  with  D.  pul- 
chellum, which  he  did  by  including  under  the  name 
both  the  plant  of  Loddiges  and  D.  devonianum  of 
Paxton.  Finally,  Professor  Reichenbach,  in  Wal- 
per's  Annales,  rescued  D.  devonianum,  which  he 
established  as  a  variety  of  D.  pulchellum.  The  two 
are,  however,  not  only  quite  distinct  in  their  flowers, 
but  totally  dissimilar  in  habit,  stature,  and  leaves, 
and  cannot  be  regarded  as  forms  of  one  species. 
The  following  is  the  revised  synonymy  of  the  three 
species,  one,  as  will  be  seen,  requiring  a  new  name  : — 

D.  pulchellum,  Roxb.  ex  Lindl.,  Gen.  and  Sp.  Orch., 
p.  82  (1830) ;  Roxb.,  Fl.  Ind.,  iii.,  p.  486  (1832).— 
Confused  with  the  following  species  in  all  subse- 
quent works.  Native  of  Silhet,  occurring  on  rocks 
and  trees.  Known  only  from  Roxburgh's  figure  and 
description. 

D.  Loddigmii,  Rolfe  (D.  pulchellum,  Lodd.,  Bot. 
Cab.,  t.  1935  (1833)  ;  Maund,  Bot..  i.,  t.  5  ;  Hook., 
Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5037,  and  of  gardens  ;  not  of  Roxburgh). 
— Confused  with  the  preceding  and  following  species 
by  Lindley  in  Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  iii.,  p.  12.  Habitat 
doubtful ;  see  note  below. 

B.  devonianum,  Paxt.,  Mcy.  Bot.,  vii.,  1. 169  (1840), 
and  of  succeeding  authors  (D. pulchellum  B  devonia- 
num, Rchb.  f ,  in  Walp.  Ann.,  vi.,  p.  284. — Native  of 
Khasia. 

The  native  country  of  D.  Loddigesii  remains  some- 
what doubtful,  and  may  not  be  India  at  all.  I  can 
find  no  wild  specimen  at  Kew.  The  other  day, 
however,  Mr.  Ford,  of  Hong  Kong  sent  dried  speci- 
mens, with  request  for  name,  and  the  following 
note : — "  I  found  this  plant  several  years  ago  growing 
on  trees  in  the  garden  (Chinese)  at  Canton.  It  is  a 
most  profuse  bloomer,  and  a  really  handsome  plant. 
I  never  saw  it  growing  wild  in  China,  but  the  Rev. 
C.  B.  Henry  brought  me  a  little  plant  or  two  from 
Hainan  last  year,  where  he  found  and  collected  it." 
Mr.  Ford  adds  that  the  Hainan  plant  has  just 
bloomed,  proving  identical  with  the  Canton  plant, 
except  that  the  segments  were  a  little  paler — white 
instead  of  pale  rose.  I  strongly  suspect  that  China 
may  prove  to  be  the  native  country  of  this  species, 
as  I  find  in  the  Herbarium  a  note  from  General 
Berkeley,  pointing  out  that  the  Indian  plant  is  dis- 
tinct from  that  of  Western  China.  If  this  should 
meet  the  eye  of  that  gentleman  I  hope  he  will  give 
us  the  benefit  of  his  opinion,  for  it  seems  to  me  a 
very  interesting  question,  and  one  well  worth  clearing 
up.  if,  A.  Bolfe. 


Orchid   Notes  and   Gleanings. 


DISA    GRANDIFLORA    SUPERBA    AT 
CHATSWORTH. 

Fob  the  information  of  Mr.  Owen  Thomas  (see 
p.  138),  I  should  like  to  say  that  twelve  flowers  on  a 
spike  have  been  recorded,  and,  singularly  enough,  this 
record  is  from  Chatsworth.  In  the  last  edition  of 
the  Orchid  Growers  Mamtal,  p.  028,  Mr.  Williams 
mentions  having  received  from  Mr.  Thomas  Speed  a 
spike  2  feet  6  inches  in  length  bearing  twelve 
flowers.  Some  of  us  thought  the  late  Mr.  Andrews 
was  drawing  the  long  bow  when  he  flgured  eight 
flowers  on  a  spike  in  Warner's  Select  Orchids;  but 
now  that  eleven  and  twelve  flowers,  as  at  Chatsworth, 
are  produced,  we  feel  quite  satisfied  with  that  plate. 
F.  W.  B. 

Epidendrum  nemorale. 

This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the  genus;  the 
branched  spikes  are  purplish-rose  tinted  flowers 
which  appear  usually  in  .July,  last  well  either  as  cut 
spikes  or  on  the  plant.  We  have  a  good  plant  now 
carrying  two  spikes  of  flowers.  The  flowers  on 
different  plants  vary  considerably,  a  superior  form 
being  grown  under  the  name  of  E.  n.  majus,  a  plant 
of  which  flowered  well  in  the  collection  of  Sir  T. 
La\vrence,  Bart.,  when  the  late  Mr.  Spyers  was  gar- 
dener at  Burford  Lodge.    Epidendrum  nemorale  is 


156 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  6,  1887. 


found  growing  on  rocks  and  trees  in  Mexico.  I  have 
tried  to  cultivate  it  on  suspended  blocks,  and  also  on 
blocks  placed  in  pots,  but  it  grew  and  flowered  best 
when  treated  in  the  same  way  as  Cattleyas — that  is, 
potted  in  peat,  with  a  little  sphagnum  added.  It 
succeeds  best  in  the  Cattleya-house  and  should  be 
kept  dry  and  cool  when  at  rest.  E.  prismatocarpum 
is  another  very  distinct  and  striking  species,  flowering 
at  this  time.  I  find  that  it  requires  rather  more  heat 
than  the  other,  and  grows  very  well  in  the  coolest 
part  of  the  warm  house.  Some  of  the  varieties  will 
flower  in  June,  but  more  in  July,  and  even  as  late 
as  August.  It  is  distinguished  by  its  slightly  greenish- 
yellow  sepals  and  petals,  which  are  freely  blotched 
with  dark  reddish-purple;  the  lip  is  rose  tinted.  It 
thrives  well  potted  in  peat  and  sphagnum,  with  a 
free  admi.xtnre  of  crocks. 

The  old  Epidendrum  vitellinum  is  now  a  scarce 
plant,  although  one  is  attracted  by  the  rich  masses 
of  brilliant  orange-vermilion  colour  of  the  blooms 
ofthemajus  variety  in  every  collection  of  Orchids. 
The  type  possesses  more  elegant-looking  spikes,  and 
the  fl  iwers  have  narrower  sepals  and  petals.  It  may 
easily  be  distinguished  by  the  manner  in  which  the 
flower-spikes  are  produced  as  soon  as  the  pseudo- 
bulbs  are  formed,  whereas  iu  the  E.  v.  majus  form 
th '  bulbs  are  made  up  in  the  previous  season,  and  it 
usually  flowers  later  in  the  season  thjin  does  the 
majus  form.  Both  are  very  desirable  plants  for  the 
cool  or  Cattleya-house.  They  succeed  when  grown 
either  in  pots  or  baskets.  J.  Douglas,  Great  Gcaries. 

CvpRiPEDirji  piAnT.niNinM  and  C.  Stonei  in  Onb 
Flower. 

Monstrosities  and  irregularities  of  growth  in  Orchid 
flowers,  although  of  frequent  occurrence  and  often  of 
interest  to  the  botanist,  are  apt  to  get  overlooked 
unless  the  departure  from  the  normal  condition  of 
things  is  very  striking  as  in  the  two  cases  now  to  be 
mentioned,  one  of  which — that  of  Cypripedium  Stonei 
— appears  to  have  attracted  considerable  attention. 
This  flower  was  produced  upon  a  plant  of  C.  Stonei 
var.  platytffinium  in  the  rich  collection  of  Baron 
Schroder,  at  The  Dell,  Staines,  and  was  sent  to  me 
for  the  Kew  Herbarium  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Kent ;  its 
peculiarity  consists  in  having  one  of  the  petals  broad 
as  in  the  var.  platytaenium.  and  the  other  narrow,  as 
in  typical  Stonei,  and  is  therefore  valuable  and  in- 
teresting, as  proving  that  these  two  are  truly  but  vari- 
atinni  of  one  species,  for  beyond  the  breadth  of  the 
pet  Us  there  is  nothing  to  distinguish  them.  N.  E.  B. 

PHAL.TiSOrSIS    STUAnxIANA. 

A  plant  of  Phalaenopsis  Stuartiana  which  flowered 
at  Kew  this  spring  produced  two  flowers  in  which 
the  lip  was  entirely  absent.  There  were  two  such 
flow»rs  upon  the  inflorescence  ;  in  both  the  dorsal 
sepal,  the  petals,  and  the  column  were  as  in  the  normal 
flowers,  but  the  lateral  sepals  were  combined  into 
one  obovate  body  channelled  down  the  middle,  and 
occupying  the  position  of  the  lip,  of  which  latter 
there  was  not  the  slightest  vestige.  According  to 
Dr.  Masters  ( I'effetablc  Teratology,  p.  398),  the  absence 
of  the  lip  is  of  not  unfrequent  occurrence,  and 
generally  when  it  is  absent  the  lateral  sepals  are 
combined  and  occupy  the  position  of  the  lip,  and  the 
present  case  is  only  additional  confirm.ation  of  that 
statement.  The  reason  of  this  is  probably  because 
the  lip  is  suppressed  in  the  very  earliest  stages  of 
growth  of  the  flower,  and  the  pressure  exerted  by  the 
other  growing  parts  of  the  flower  force  the  lateral 
B^pals  into  such  close  contiguity  that  cohesion  of 
t'leir  inner  edges  takes  place.  In  the  other  flower 
the  lateral  snpals  were  not  so  completely  combined 
as  in  the  flower  I  have  fignred,  but  only  to  a  little 
more  than  half  wav  up,  with  a  very  acute  notcli 
between  them.  X  E.  Brov:n. 

[Mr.  Brown's  note  corroborates  the  opinion  of  JI  r 
O'Brien,  published  with  an  illustrative  woodcut  in 
the  Gardening  World,  .luly  .31,  1880,  that  the  broad- 
petalled  variety  is  only  a  form  of  C.  Stonei,  and,  not 
as  has  been  supposed  by  some,  a  hybrid  production. 
The  Phalwnopsis  is  an  illustration  of  a  very  common 
topdcBcy    among    Orchids   towards    a   tworparted 


arrangen^ent  of  the  flower,  the  calyx  here  being 
rendered  (two-parted  by  the  growing  together  of  two 
of  its  cOi.stituent  sepals,  which  are  not  only  displaced 
and  concrescent,  but  which  have  assumed  the 
coloration  and  markings  of  the  lip,  whose  place 
they  occupy,  and  whose  office  they  flll.  Ed.] 


In  the  Kew  Herbarium  there  are  wild  specimen! 
from  Colorado,  West  Texas,  and  South  Utah.  Geo, 
Nicholson,  Kew. 


PHILADELPHUS      MICRO- 
PHYLLUS,  Gray." 

The  charming  little  shrub,  of  which  an  illustra- 
tion is  here  given  for  the  first  time  (fig.  36),  was 
sent  to  this  country  some  few  years  ago  by  Professor 
C.  S.  Sargent.  Although  from  districts  whence  few 
shrubs  hardy  in  this  country  are  obtained,  the  present 
plant  has  stood  in  the  open  air  for  several  winters 
without  tlie  slightest  protection  at  Kew,  and  also  at 
Messrs.  Veitch's  Coombe  Wood  Nursery.  The  figure 
here  given,  which  represents  a  flowering  branch  life 
size,  was  made  from  material  kindly  supplied  us  by 
Messrs.  Veitch. 

The  description  which  follows  is  taken  from  Porter 
and  Coulter's  Synopsis  of  the  Flora  of  Colorado : — 


GARDEN    PALMS. 

^Continued  from  p.  653,  vol.  xxvi.  n.s.) 
Nephrosperma. 
A'.  Van  Houtteana,  Balfour,  fil. — A  monotypic 
genus,  confined  to  the  Seychelles,  and  closely 
related  to  Acanthophcenix  and  Deckenia  from  the 
same  region.  All  three  genera  are  in  cultivation 
in  English  gardens,  but  they  are  rarely  seen  in  a 
thriving  condition  after  they  get  2  feet  or  so  high. 
As  already  stated,  it  is  singular  that,  of  the  many 
beautiful  Palms  that  are  natives  of  the  Seychelles 
and  neighouring  islands,  the  three  genera  here  named 
are  very  difficult  to  manage,  whilst  the  others  are 
comparatively  easy.  Nephrosperma  is  the  most 
robust  of  the  three,  but  it  does  not  thrive  anywhere 
except  in  a  hot  moist  stove  and  with  plenty 
of  water  at  the  roots.  It  is  said  to  be  "  not  uncom- 
mon in  open  places  and  by  the  side  of  streams,  up  to 


Fig.  36. — philadelphus  microphyllps  :   flowers  white, 


"  Branches  slender,  erect ;  leaves  small,  6 — 9  inches 
long,  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  very  entire,  obso- 
letely  three-nerved,  shining  above,  pale  and  minutely 
pilose  beneath,  narrowed  at  the  base  into  a  very  short 
p3tiole  ;  flowers  terminal,  1 — 3 ;  calyx  four-cleft, 
glabrous  without,  lobes  ovate-lanceolate,  tomentulose 
within  ;  styles  connate  to  the  apex,  shorter  than  the 
stamens  ;  stigmas  four,  oblong  ;  capsules  subglobose. 
Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

"  The  specimens  received  from  Mr.  Brandegee 
exhibit  some  of  the  characters  of  P.  serpyllifolins, 
Gr.  Tiie  leaves  are  pubescent  above,  some  of  them 
plainly  three-nerved,  and  the  lobes  of  the  calyx  silky 
pubescent  without;  but  it  is  clearly  distinguished  by 
the  size  of  the  leaves  and  the  oblong  stigmas.  The 
hairs  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  are  appressed 
and  covered  with  tubercles  under  the  microscope,  as 
Dr.  Gray  has  observed  in  those  of  P.  serpyllifolius. 
Webster  Canon,  Redfield." 

No  information  as  to  the  height  Of  the  plant  in  its 
nxtive  habitat  seems  to  have  been  published,  but  as 
far  as  can  be  judged  from  the  Kew  and  Coombe 
Wood  specimens,  the  species  will  hardly  exceed  18 
or  24  inches ;  it  forms  a  dense  compact  bush. 

"  Ptantir  Fendlerianep,  54;  Walper's  Amialp^,  ii.,  614; 
Porter  and  Coultpr,  ^/nopsis  of  the  Flora  qf  Colorado,  41, 


1000  feet,"  in  Seychelles.  There  it  developes  astern 
from  20  to  30  feet  high  and  4  to  6  inches  in  diameter. 
The  leaves  are  unequally  pinnate,  5 — 7  feet  long, 
arching,  the  pinn.tj  over  3  feet  in  length,  smooth, 
green  on  both  sides.  The  petiole  is  green  in  old 
plants  (Balfour),  sheathing  at  the  base  and 
sparsely  spiny.  In  young  plants  the  petioles  are 
a  shining  brown-red  colour,  and  bear  numerous 
long,  black,  flat,  sharp-pointed  spines;  the  pinnx 
are  slightly  glaucous  below.  The  leaves  are  pin- 
nate from  the  first,  and  plants  I  foot  high  are 
graceful  and  pretty.  The  petioles  become  deeper  in 
colour  as  the  plant  gets  older.  Fruit  globular, 
half  an  inch  long,  orange-red  when  ripe,  with  a 
fibrous  mesocarp  enclosing  a  brown  kidney-shaped 
seed.  A  young  example  of  this  Palm  is  figured 
in  the  Flore  dcs  Serrcs  under  the  name  of  Oncosperma 
■Van  Houtteana;  it  is  also  cultivated  in  some  gar- 
dens 2S  Areca  nobilis. 

NiPA,  Wurmb. 
Although  not  of  any  value  as  a  g.irden  pl.ant.  yet 
this  little  Palm  is  peculiarly  interesting  to  the 
botanist  and  geologist,  owing  to  there  having  been 
found,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Thames,  in  the  wasting 
cliffs,  fossilised  fruits  of  Nipa  (see  Lyell's  Geology), 
At  present  the  genus,  which  is  monotypic,  is  confine^ 


August  6,  1887.] 


THE     GAB  DE  NEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


157 


to  the  tropics  of  Asia  and  Australia.  "  Tliousands 
of  acres  of  the  salt  marshes  of  the  islands  and 
coasts  of  the  Indian  Ocean  may  be  seen  covered 
with  Nipa  friiticaus  (Seemann).  Sir  Joseph  Hooker 
observed  the  large  nuts  of  this  Palm  floating  about 
in  the  delta  of  the  Ganges  in  such  numbers  as  to 
obstruct  the  paddle-wheels  of  steamboats. 

^V.  fnitii-aus,  Thunb.,  has  a  creeping  stem  which 
bears  a  tuft  of  arching  pinnate  leaves,  often  10  feet, 
or  even  more  high  ;  they  are  unarmed,  green,  rather 
leathery  in  texture,  and  more  or  less  arching.  The 
fruits  are  aggregated  in  compact  clusters  as  large  as 
a  man's  head,  each  fruit  being  like  a  large  Cocoa- 
nut  with  the  husk  on.  Hitherto  all  attempts  to 
establish  this  Palm  in  English  gardens  have  failed, 
probably  because  of  the  difiiculty  of  supplying  the 
peculiar  requirements  of  a  plant  which  is  never 
found  anywhere  except  in  brackish  rivers  or  swamps. 
Dr.  King,  director  of  the  Calcutta  Botanic  Gardens, 
writes  ; — "  Nipa  is  not  easily  grown  by  any  means. 
There  is  only  one  tank  in  this  garden  where  we  can 
get  it  to  grow  naturally.  It  grows  in  tidal  rivers,  and 
in  our  tanks  we  have  no  tide,  of  course.  I  have  had  it 
on  the  river  bank,  which  is  tidal  enough  in  all  con- 
science, but  I  have  not  yet  got  one  plant  to  survive 
for  more  than  a  year"  (1885).  Young  plants  have 
been  raised  at  Kew,  but  they  have  never  got  beyond 
the  limits  of  a  6-inch  pot. 

NusNEZHAKiA.  Buiz  and  Favon, 
Several  Palms  are  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine 
under  this  name,  which  is  now  sunk  under  ChamiE- 
dorea.    See  Bot.  Mag.,  4831,  4837, 4845,  6030,  6088. 

CEnocahpus,  Martins. 

Tall,  majestic  trees,  with  smooth,  ringed  stems, 
40  feet  or  more  high,  and  bearing  large  heads  of 
pinnate  leaves,  which  in  some  species  are  said  to  be 
20  feet  or  more  long.  The  petiole  is  shortly  clasp- 
ing at  the  base,  and  from  the  margins  are  developed 
nnmerous  long  stiff,  black  bristles,  varying  in  length 
from  1  foot  to  3  feet,  and  nearly  always  eiect.  Wal- 
lace figures  one  species,  OS.  Batana,  in  which  the 
leaf  bases  are  persistent  so  as  to  completely  hide  the 
stem  and  cover  it  with  a  tliick  coat  of  these  bristles. 
He  also  states  that  the  Indians  use  these  bristles  as 
arrows  for  their  blow-pipes.  The  fruit  is  small, 
varying  in  size  from  that  of  robins'  to  pigeons'  eggs, 
and  usually  of  a  purple  or  plum  colour.  The  pulpy 
covering  is  edible  ;  it  also  yields  an  excellent  oil,  which 
is  often  sold  as  Olive-oil,  from  which  it  can  scarcely 
be  distinguished.  Beneath  this  pnlp  is  a  layer  of 
loose  fibres — seedling  leaves,  simple  pinnate  leaves 
coming  about  two  years  afterwards.  None  of  the 
species  appear  to  be  useful  for  garden  purposes, 
young  plants  being  rather  rough  and  scraggy-look- 
ing. They  recpiire  stove  treatment.  Eight  species 
are  described,  all  natives  of  Tropical  America.  The 
following  are  in  cultivation  : — 

(E.  Bacaha,  Mart. — Rio  Negro  (Amazons). 

CE.  Bacaha  var.  xanthocarpa. 

<E.  Batana,  Mart. — Rio  Negro  (Amazons). 

(E.  cdiilis,  Hort. — Demerara. 

Oncospeema,  Blumc. 

Five  or  six  species  of  Asiatic  Palms  are  included 
under  this  genus,  and  three  of  them  are  well  known 
in  gardens.  They  frequent  swamps,  thick  forests, 
and  such-like  humid  places.  They  are  arboreous,  or 
shrubby,  with  creeping  or  erect  stems,  pinnate 
foliage,  and  numerous  long  stout  spines.  The  tall- 
stemmed  kinds  throw  up  a  cluster  of  offsets  at  the 
base,  and  the  dwarf  ones  are  tufted.  The  leaves  are 
elegantly  plumose,  dark  green,  and  from  10  to  20  feet 
long.  Fruit  a  berry,  round,  blue,  about  the  size  of 
Peas  (O.  filamentosum  and  0.  fasciculatum),  or  as 
large  as  rifle  bullets  (O.  horridum).  They  have  a 
shell  like  that  of  a  llazel-nut,  enclosing  a  brown 
ruminated  round  seed.  Young  plants  are  graceful, 
not  unlike  some  of  the  Calamuses  in  general  habit, 
with  numerous  spines  on  the  petiole  and  rachis  of 
the  leaf,  which  is  also  more  or  less  scurfy.  Being 
swamp  plants  they  thrive  only  when  planted  in  a 
rich  well  drained  soil  and  watered  liberally. 

0.  fasciculatum,  Thwaites.— Cevlon. 


0.  filamentosum,  Blunie,  "  Nibung  Palm  '  (Areca 
Nibung,  Marl. ;  A.  tegillaria,  Jacq.) — Java. 
0.  horridum,  Seem.,  "  Bhyass." — Malaya. 

Okania,  Miij. 
Tall,  handsome  Palms,  with  stout,  columnar,  un- 
armed, ringed  trunks,  and  large  heads  of  gi'aceful 
pinnate  foliage,  the  pinn;r;  very  regular  in  arrange- 
ment along  the  racliis,  and  jagged  or  lobed  at  the 
apex,  exactly  as  in  the  Ptychospermas.  In  the 
Botanic  Gardens  at  Java  this  genus  is  well  repre- 
sented by  very  fine  examples  of  all  the  species, 
which  are  described  and  figured  in  Rdiquim  Schc^cr- 
iaiiie,  an  illustrated  account  of  the  Palms  cultivated 
in  the  Buitenzorg  Gardens,  by  Dr.  D.  0.  Beccari 
(1885).  At  Kew  there  are  three  species  in  culti- 
vation, one  of  them,  O.  macrocladus,  being  15  feet 


high.  As  stove  plants  for  large  houses  the  Oranias 
must  rank  among  the  most  ornamental.  The  fruits 
are  round,  as  large  as  Peaches,  with  a  fleshy  pei'i- 
carp,  which,  when  ripe,  is  peach-coloured.  The 
seeds  are  globose  or  depressed,  about  1^  inch 
diameter,  smooth,  with  a  thin  brown,  veined  shell, 
enclosing  the  solid  whitish  albumen.  Seedling 
leaves  bipartite.  These  plants  like  rich  soil,  plenty 
of  root-room,  and  liberal  watering.  The  leaves  do 
not  become  pinnate  till  the  plants  are  several  years 
old. 

O,  macrocladus,  Mart. — Malacca,  Java. 

O.  nivca,  Hort.  Lind. — New  Guinea. 

0.  rcgalis,  Blume. — New  Guinea.   W.  W. 


CYPMPEDIUM    SUPERBIENS. 

To  Baron  Schroder  we  are  indebted  for  the  oppor- 
tunity of  figuring  an  extraordinary  flower  (fig.  37), 
in  which  there  were  only  two  sepals,  s,  s,  placed 
diagonally,  one  petal,  p,  occupying  the  position 
usually  filled  by  the  median  sepal,  and  two  other 
])etals  (lateral)  in  the  guise  of  lips,  L,  l,  the  true  lip 
(median)  being  ab.seut.  The  column  bore  only  a 
single  median  anther,  A  1  of  the  Darwinian  notation. 
This  flower  differs  from  any  figured  in  Dr.  Masters' 
paper  in  the  Journal  of  the  Linncan  Society,  vol.  xxii. 
(1887),  p.  402,  and  from  the  altered  arrangement  of 
the  parts  and  the  compensatory  changes  that  have 
occurred  it  is  specially  interesting.  The  position  of 
the  bract  is  erroneous ;  it  should  have  been  shown 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  flower. 


Grenada.— Tlie  new  Bot.anic  Garden  in  this 
island,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  W.  N.  Elliott, 
is  making  good  progress.  A  fine  plantation  of 
Havana  'Tobacco  has  been  made,  and  various  native 
Palms  collected. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


I'lNEs. — It  is  time  now  to  place  the  plants  in  their 
autumn  and  winter  quarters.  The  first  step  is  to 
i-craove  the  suckers  from  the  plants  which  have  been 
fruiting  recently,  and  place  them  in  an  out-of-the- 
way  corner  of  the  potting-shed.  The  old  stools 
except  of  those  varieties — such  as  smooth-leaved 
Cayenne,  Providence,  and  Charlotte  Rothschild — 
which  are  shy  in  producing  suckers,  can  be  thrown 
away.  The  top-dressing  and  potting  of  next  year's 
fruiters  should  at  once  be  proceeded  with,  the  beds  of 
spent  tan  or  leaves  being  in  the  meantime  removed, 
and  fresh  plunging  material  supplied,  the  brick-and- 
plaster-work  of  the  interior  of  the  Pine-houses  and 
pits  washed  with  hot  lime,  and  the  woodwork  and 
glass  with  warm  water.  Many  of  the  strongest- 
gi'owing  plants,  which  were  put  into  their  fruiting 
pots  last  spring,  and  afterwards  plunged  in  the 
ordinary  way  in  the  succession-house,  will  be  fruiting 
now.  These  plants  should  be  taken  out  of  their 
summer  quarters,  and  have  a  couple  of  inches 
deep  of  the  surface-soil  and  a  few  of  the  bottom 
leaves  removed ;  then  remove  carefully  any 
suckers  that  may  be  attached  to  the  plants, 
and  fill  up  with  rough  sandy  loam,  which  has 
been  cut  and  stacked  at  least  twelve  months, 
ramming  down  well.  Then  select  and  pot  in  their 
fruiting  pots  (10-inch  or  12-inch,  according  to  the 
size  of  plants  and  variety)  the  necessary  number  of 
plants  to  fill  the  house  for  fruiting  next  summer  and 
early  autumn. 

Fotting,  ^r. — The  pots  should  be  crocked  for  2  or 
3  inches,  according  to  the  size  of  the  pots,  finishing 
otf  with  a  sprinkling  of  fresh  soot  and  a  few  pieces  of 
turf,  grass-side  down.  In  the  matter  of  soil  I  prefer 
sound  fibry  loam  which  has  been  stacked  for  a  year, 
with  the  addition  of  one  10-inch  potful  each  of 
crushed  bones,  fresh  soot,  and  small  charcoal,  to  a 
baiTowful  of  loam,  the  whole  being  sufficiently  dry  to 
prevent  it  from  sticking  to  the  potting-stick.  The 
plants  should  be  carefully  turned  out  of  the  pots,  the 
drainage  and  a  few  of  tiie  lower  leaves  removed,  and 
the  surface  and  sides  of  the  ball  of  earth  and  roots 
loosened  slightly,  and  any  soil  not  permeated  with 
roots  removed.  The  plants  should  be  let  down  to 
the  bottom  leaves  in  potting,  and  the  soil  rammed 
firmly  round  the  roots,  taking  care  that  the  plants 
are  made  firm  about  the  collar.  Over-potting  should 
be  avoided,  but  I  consider  a  space  of  from  I  to 
2  inches  between  the  ball  of  the  plant  and  the  pot 
sufiicient  for  all  healthy  plants.  In  potting  suckers 
I  need  scarcely  say  that  it  will  be  advisable  to  remove 
a  few  of  the  bottom  leaves,  so  that  the  roots  coiled 
round  the  stem  under  the  leaves  may  push  more 
readily  into  the  soil,  and  that  about  half-an-inch  of 
the  base  of  each  sucker  should  be  cut  clean  off  before 
being  potted. 

Plunging  the  Pots. — The  plunging  material  having 
been  well  trodden  together  plunge  the  fruiting  plants 
from  2  to  2^  feet  from  centre  to  centre,  keeping  the 
tops  as  near  to  the  glass  (without  actually  touching 
it)  as  possible,  and  give  the  smaller  plants  space  in 
proportion  to  their  size.  Give  sufficient  clean  tepid 
water  to  fresiily  potted  plants  to  settle  the  soil  about 
the  roots  (giving  liquid  manure  to  fruiting  plants) : 
shade  the  plants  from  bright  sunshine  until  the  roots 
have  taken  to  the  soil,  and  damp  thera  overhead 
every  afternoon  when  closing  the  house.  H.  JK 
Ward,  Longford  Castle, 


158 


THE     GAnDENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


[ArocsT  6,  1887. 


REPORT   ON   THE   CONDITION   OF   THE   FRUIT   CROPS. 

[FROM    OUR    OWX    COIMIESPONDEXTS,    Jl'LY,  ISSr.] 

The  words  "^  avcrrif/o^''  "over,'*  or  "  n}7r7er,"  as  the  case  may  he,  IncJicafe  the  amount  of  the  <rop;  and  ^' ynod,"  ''  very  goudj'  or  "had"  indicate  the  quality. 


I  PEACHES 

APRICOTS.   I      PLUMS.         CHERRIES.  !     AND  XEC- 
1     TARINES. 


SCOTLAND. 

ABERDEEN'     


ARCrYLI 

AYR    

BANFF 

CAITHS'ESS    

CLACKMANXAN 

DUMBARTON    

DU5IFRIES 

EAST  LOTHIAN   

FIFE 

FORFAR  

KINROSS 

MIDLOTHIAN    

MORAY 

NAIRN  

ORKNEY  ISLES    

PEEBLES     

PERTH  

RRVFREW  

ROSS 

RoxnruoH  

STIRIJNij    

SUTHERLAND  

WIGTOX  

ENGLAND- 
NORTHERN 
COUNTIES 

CUMBERLAND 


WESTMORELAND   

>'ORTH  UMBERL  AN  D, . 


Some  sorts  are    Mu  f\\  uuder 
average,  but  iu 
general  under 

Average  ;  good   Under ;  good 


;e;  good 


Under 
Under 


Under 
Under 
rage;  good 
Under  average 


'er;  good 
Uudor 


othe 


Average  A 

Average;  good' 
Average;  good 
Average;  good'Aven 


Ove 


good 


Under 
Under 


I  Average;  v 
good 


iver ;  good 
K'cr;  good 
Undfr 
'ory  good 


Average ;  good 

Average 

Under  avernge 

Under  aver- 
Hge;  verj-good 

Avpr.ig<»;  good 


good. 


Ove 


good 


very  good 
Under  averae 


Under;  g^ 
Averagi 


Ov. 


Averag 
Average;  good 
Average;  good 
Average;  good 


Under 
Under  avert 


Under 
Average 
Under 
Plenty 


YORK    '    Above;  good    ITnder;  good 


Morellos       | 

avenige       , 

Average ;  good 

Average;  good 

Average       ' 


Average;  good, 

Aventg- 


Over;  good 

Noiioontsifle 

Nut  grown 
JTi  oiten  «  all.* 


I'nder;  good 
Unler 


Over 

Under 

Over  average 

Over ;  good 

Average 


Under;  good 

Under 

Average;  good 

Over 


NAME 
ADDRESS. 


Average  on  Average  ;  but 
walls ;  under  black  Currants 
as  standards     under,  Rasp-  i 


Under  av€ 
age;  bad 


Average 

Under 

Undtr 

Average ;  vi 
good 
tender 


Under:  gootl 


good 

I  Average;  good, 

except  Goose 

berries 


but  small 
iverage;  good 


Under 
Average 


Under ;    bad 
Lender;  good 


Good 


Under;    very 

stuull 
Under 

Fair;    good 
quality;  Jar- 
gonelle 
abnndiint 


e ;  good 
e;  good 


Over;   black 

Currants 
under;    very 


Currants  ove 
^■ery  good ; 
Raspberria- 

Average  ;  gooil 

Average;  good 

Over;  good 

Very  good 

Over  average 


Average ;  good 

Over  a\'erage 

Average ;  verj 

Average 


Average ;  very  I 

good        "  1 

Average;  good 


Very  gocpd.nnd 
Average;  good 


er;  very 
Average;  good 


Avenige;  good 


Under  i 
luantity.    but 
large  aiitl  good 


Average ;  good 

Average;  good 

Average 

Superabund- 
ance of  all 
kinds  except 
Gooseberries 
and  black 
Currants 


Ove 


very 


good 
Average 

Under;    good 

Good 

Average;  good 

Over;  very 

good 

Average 

Good 


Ove 


very 


verage  crop 
fruit  sniiill 
Average 


goof 


Under ;  fruit 


Jobn    Forrest,    Huddo    House, 

Aberdeen 
R.     Farrinhar,     Fyvie     Castle. 


James  F.  Smith.  Dunecht  Gar- 
'     dens.  Aberdeen 
G.  Taylor.  The  Castle  Gardens, 
Inverary 

W.  Priest,  Eglinton  Gardens. 
I     Irvine 

.Tohn  Webster.   Gordon  Castle 
'     Gardens,  Fochabers 

■John    Sutherland.     Lang^vell, 

I     Berriedale 

Thomas;Ormiston.The  Garden*. 

1     Alloa  Park,  Alloa 

James  -^litthell,  Camlis  Esteaii, 
Helensburgh 

James  Smart,  Kaehills,  Locker- 
bie 

L.  Dow,  The  Gardens,  New- 
bythe,  Prestoukirk 

George  Ramsay,  Fordell  Gar- 
dens, Inverkeithing 


Limes      Mitchell,       Panmui 

David     Millam,      Biilnamooi 
Brechin 


Adam 


Jolm     Fortune 
Gardens,  Kin 

Malcolm  Dunn,  Dalkeith  Gar- 
dens, Dalk.-id, 

Charl.'..     .T,,t-,r,.,  .,        T^lhousie 

Do^n-ul'  '1         ■      ' ;-"''Dfrn- 

aw;i\  I   ,  ■,.   ^,.i,,i,  ,,-,  iM.rres 
Jame=     yUv.    ui,      Kilmnnock 

Castle.  Fart  (Jeurgi: 
Tims.  Mncdonald,  BalfourCastle 

Garden*.  Kirkwall. 
Malcolm  Mclntyre,  The  Glen, 

Inuerleitbeu 
John  Robb,  Drummond  Castle 

Gardens.  Crieff 
P.     W.    Fairgrievc,     Dunkeld 

House  Garden?,  Dunkeld 
J.     King,     Bhiir     Dnmimond 

Garden-,  Stirling 
John  R.  McKiddie.  Rossie  Priory 

1  Gar- 


Average  ;  V 

good  j 

Average  ' 

Plenty,  but  In 


Under 


McKav,  Tarbat  Gardens, 
Parkhill 

D.  Harvey,  Invergordon  Gar- 
dens, Invergorden 

John  Galloway,  Miuto  Gardens, 
Hawick 

Maurice  Fitzgerald.  Dunmore 
I*ark,  Larbert 

D.  Melville,  Dunrobin  Castle 
Gardens,  Golspie 

Ai'chibald  Fowler,  Castle  Ken- 
nedy, Stranraer 


jJ.  Hammond.  Drayton,  Carlisle 


A.Miller,  Uiulerby,  Kirkby 


Alu 
David    Inglis,    Howick    Hall, 

Lesbury 
J.   Hunter,   Lambton    Castle, 

Fence  Houses 
R.     Westcott,     Raby     Castle, 

Darlington 


Thomas   Jones.    Ribston    Hall 

Gardens,  Wetherby 
Robert  C.  Kingston.  Branting- 
'     liarathorpe,  Brougli 


Anot-sT  G,  1887.] 


TEE     GAB  DENE  nS'     CHITON  I  CLE. 


159 


I 

CONDITION    OF    THE    FRUIT    CRQPS— (Coni'm»«?). 


COUNTY. 

APRICOTS.          PLUiMS. 

CHERRIES. 

PEACHES 

A^•D  XEC-          APPLES.     1       PEAJlS. 

TARtXES. 

SMALL 

FRUITS. 

STRAW-              ,-..„„         ,                      ^'AJfE 
BERRIES.     ,         ^^TS.        |                     ^^^.^^^^^ 

NORTHERN 

1 

1 

COUNTIES. 

1 

j 

;                  1 

Very  good            Average 

Average 

Average:  good        Average 
but  dropping 

off          1 

Good 

Average;  good      Very  good     'Joseph  Shaw,    Gardens,    Nuu- 
but  for  (he  (Iry                           1     appleton,  Bolton  Percy 
weather;  fruit                             ; 

Over 
Under  average 

Moderate 

Vverage 
Under  average 

Average  in 

sheltered 

jdacea 

Good 

Average 

Average 
Average 

Abundant,  but 
small 

Under  average 
Moderate 

Over 
Average 

Jloderate 

Average 
Average 

Bad 

Over 

Heavy  crop, 

especially    red 

Currants 

■\'ery  good 

Over 

and  good 
\'ery  good 

Xone  grown 
Under  average 

^'ery  good 

.Tames   Batley,    The    Gardens. 

Weutworth  Castle,  Barnsloy 
Wm.     Chuck,     The     Gardens. 

Brodsworth  Hall,  Doncaster 

James     Tindall.     Sprotbrough 
Hall  Gardens,  Doncaster 

LANCASHrUE    

Jroderate 
Xonf  grown 

Bad 
Under  average 

Moderate 
None  outside 

Good 
Average ;  good 

Good 
Average 

Very  good 

Over  average; 

good 

Over  average; 

good 

Average 

Heavj-  crop 

Good 

Over  average ; 

very  good 

Over  average; 

good 

Over;  very 

good 

Good  ;  fine 

fruit 

Jloderate 
Over  average 

William     Culverwell,    Thorpe 

Pcrrnw.  l^ndnle 
W.    H     Vy■v^^^^.    Wor^ley  Hall 

MIDLAND 

Over  average ; 

good 
Xone  grown 

Xone  outside 

Over  averaM; 

very  good 

Under 

Average ;  good 

Over;  very 
good 
Under 

Above  aver- 
age;   good 
Xoue  grown 

Xone  outside 

Above  aver- 
age ;   good 
Average 

Good 

Average;  good 
Average 
Average 

Over  average, 

good 
None  grown 

W.    i'     1           ■    ,    .  .,.|-,len  Hall 

An. If.  '.v  ,1  'm,.^-.,„;.  The  Gar- 
den^, Ilu-h  II;iil,Wigan 

Henry  Lindsay,  Huntroyde 
Park,  Burnley 

COUNTIES. 

Average 

Average;  good 
quality 

Under 

Under 

Average;  trees 
healthy 

Under 

Under;  good 

Average ;  fruit 
rather  small 

Average 

Over  average; 
trees  healthy 

Under 
Average 

trees  healthy 

■\''ery  few 

Average 

Over  average ; 
trees  healthy 

Good 

Average 

Average ; 
quality  good 

Good 

Under 

Over  average ; 

quality  very 

good 

.Average;  good 

Under 

Over  average; 
trees  healtliy 

Alfred  J.    Grant,    Wifhington 

Hall  Gardens,  Crewe 
Robert  Mackcllun.Abney  Hall, 

Cheadle 
VVm.   Whitakcr,    Crewe  Hall, 

Crewe 

Average ;  good 
Average 

Average ;  gocd 
Under 

Average ;  good 
Under 

None  gro\\n 

outside 

Bad 

Average ;  good 
Average 

Average ;  good 
Under 

Average ;  good 
Good 

Average;  good 
Very  good 

r.    Selwood,  Eaton   Hall    Gar- 
dens, Chester 
W.   Wliibberlev.    Oultou  Park 

Gardens  T;iriinrh.v 

o.TiMu,-, ciK,, -.,.., ;,th 

J.  ^^l    ■  ■        .-1  ■■'.■u  Harold, 

Average ;  good 

Bad 
Under  average 

Fair 
Very  good 

Average;  good 

Good 
Very  good 

Bad 
Very  good 

Good 
Very  good 

Fair 
Under  average 

Very  good 

Average ;  good 

Under ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Not  gro\\n 
outside 

Average;  good 

Under;  good 

Average;  very 
good 

Under;  suffer- 
ing from 
drought 
Average;  good 

fmitsmafl 
Very  fine 

Average 

Thu-.  I^..  ■!■  ;.  .  I>,f:..y  Abbey 

NOTTS  

Average ;  good 
Average 
Heavy  crop 

Under  average 

Average 

Good 

Average ;  good 
Average;  good 

Good 

Under  aver- 
age ;  bad 
Average;  good 

Not  grouTi 
outside,  plenty 

Over  average 

Under 
Average 

Under  average 
Under 
Average 

Average 

verv  good 

Plentiful  and 

good 

Average;  good 

Under 
Average 

Tohn  Horton,  Welbeck  Garden, 

Worksop 
^.    A.  Woods,   The     Gardens, 

Osberton  Hall,  Worksop 
Arrhibald  Henderson,  Tlioresby 

Gardens,  Ollerton 

Abundant  crop 
Good 

Abundant. 

crop  ;  good 

Good 

Under  average 

Good 

Good 

Average;  good 

Poor 

Average 

Average;  good 

A  fair  crop 

Average 

Over   average, 

Good 

Good 

Average; 
small 

Abundant 

Fair 

Average;  good 

Good,  hut 
short  season 
Very  fine 

Over  average ; 

small 

Plenty 
Over  average 

Arthur    Webb,   Kelham    Hall, 

Newark 
M.    Gleeson,    Clumber    Park, 

Worksop 
A.     S.     Kemp,     OfDey    Villa. 

Shifnal 

Average;  good 

Over;  very 
good 

Over  average ; 
small  fruit 

Over 

Under;  good 

Under;  good 

Under 

Average ;  good 
fruit 

Over 

Under ;  good 
Under;  good 

Under 

Under  aver- 
age;  bad  fruit 

Average 

Average;  good 

Over;  very 

good 

Average 

Under  aver- 
age;  good 
fruit 
Average 

Under ;  good 

Over;  good 

Under 

Aver;*ge ; 
small  fruit 

Over 

Average;  good 

Over;  good 

Under 

Over  average; 
small  fruit 

Under 

Average;  good 

Average 

Average 

Over  average; 

very  good 

fruit 

Under 

Full  average; 

.\verage;  good 

Over 

•Vverage;  very 
good  fruit  " 

Average 

Under 

Over;  very 

good 

Average 

Over  average; 
good 

Average 

Tames    Louden,    The    Quinta, 

Chirk 
Richard       Milner,      Sundome 

Castle  Gardens,  Shrewsbury 
Edmund   Bland,   Oteley  Park, 

Shrewsbury 
\V.  B.   Gingell,  Sandon   Hall, 

Stone 

Edwin  Simpson,  Wroteslev, 
Wulverhamptun 

William  Bennett,  Rangemore, 
Burton-on-Trent 

George  Wythes.  The  Gardens, 
Teddesley  Park,  Penkridge 

W.  Ward,  Little  Aston,  Sutton 
Coldlield 

Tohn  WnlMs.  K<-ele  Hall  Gar- 
dens, Newcastle-uuder-Lyne 

Geo.  H.  Green,  linville  Ganlenp, 
Stourbridge 

Alfred  Ham^here,  TheGardenp, 
Beauraanor  Park,  Lough- 
borough 

[lenry  Wood,  Bosworth  Park, 
Hinckley 

>.  Maynard,  Cole  Orton  Gar- 
dens 

Average 

Under  aver- 
age; bad 
Average 

Under ;    bad 

^'ery  good 

Over;   very 
good 

Under 

Average 

Under  aver- 
age ;  bad 
Average 

Under ;    bad 

Average 

Under 

Under 

Average 
Average ;  good 

Under 
Average;  good 

Good 

Good 

.Vverage :  very 
good 

Under;    bad 

■\"ery  good 

Average;  very 
good 

Average 

Under  average 

very  good 
Average 

Average;  good 

Under  average 

Under 

Under 

Under  average 

Under  aver- 
age ;  good 
Under  average 

Under;   good 

Average 

Under 

Under 

Over  average 

Average 
Average;  good 
Average ;  good 
Average;  good 

Average 

Average 

Over  average; 

good 

Plentiful,  but 

small 

Over;  good 

Plenty,  but 

small 

Average;  good 

Av(  rage 

Average,  not 

many  grown 

Average 

None  gro^vn 

^■ery  good 

Over 

LEICESTKR    

Average ;  ^■e^y 
good 

Under;   good 

Average ;  very 
good 

Over;  very 
good 

Under;    bad 

Average;  good 

Under ;    bad 

Under ;    bad 

Walnuts  over; 
others  good 

LIN-COLX 

Average ;  good 

Over;  very 

good 

Average ;  good 

Average;  good 

Average 
Average 

Under 

Over  average; 
very  good 
Average 

Under  average 

Uader 
Average ;  good 
Average ;  good 
Under  average 

Under 
Under  average 

Average 

Under  average 

Under  average 
Average 

Under 

Avei-age ;  verj' 

good 

Average 

.Average ;  good 

Plentiful 

Sweet  under; 
Morello  plen- 
tiful 
Average 

Average 

Under  average 
Average 

Average 
Average ;  good 

Average 
Average;  good 

Average 
Average 

Average 

Average 

Average 
Under  average 

Under 

Under 

Plentiful,    but 

small 
Vverage ;  good 

Average ;  good 

Currants  aver- 
age;   Goose- 
berries under 
Plentiful 

Eled  and  white 

Currants  good; 

black  under 

Over 

Average 

Average 
Over  average; 

good 
Average ;  good 

Average ;  bad 

Vverage ;  good 

Under;  good 

Over  average 

Average;  bad, 
TOm  drought, 

and  small 
Under  and  bad 

Average 

Over ;  good 

Average 

Under  average 
Average;  good 

Abundant 

Walnuts  over ; 

good 

Plentiful 

Average 

Plentiful 
Average 

Average 

Average 

Over  average 
Over  average 

Tohn  Grey,  Normauton  Gardens, 

Stamford 
Henry    Ma-on.    The     Gardens, 

Bisbrouk  Hall,  Uppingham 
Wm.    Miller,     Conmbe    Abbey 

Gardens,  Coventry 
J.     G.     Temple,     Packington, 

Coventry 

Robert  Greenfield,  Priory 
Gardens,  Leamington 

Thomas  Eeddard,  Stonelegh 
Abbey  Gardens 

James  Trigger,   Milton    Park, 

Peterborough 
G.   Goldsmith,  Floore  Garden?, 

Weedon 
H.  Birch.  Castle  Asliby  Gardens 
Edmund  Cole,  Althorp  Park 

'^    '!e   -i™™!" 

NORTHAJIPTON  

good 
Under  average 

Average 
Under  average 

Under 

Over  average 

Under  average 
Under  average 

Under  average 

Plentifvd 
Under  average 

Average 

Average 

Under  average 
Under  ;  good 

Average ;  good 
Xone  grown 

Under  aver- 
age;  good 

A\eragc 

good 

Under  aver- 
age; bad 

Over  iveri-e-'    T'n,i„.  .v....  '    TinH^.n,-.., 

Average ;  good 
^'ory  bad 

<-i                     ^         In         ■niTTTtnii 

good 
None  outside 

age  ;  good 

Over  average; 
very  good 

age  ;  good 
Average ;  good 

good,  espe- 
■ially  Walnut;. 
Over  average 

hill 

Thomas  Hedley,  The  Gardens. 
Pntteridge  T'ark,  Luton 

IGO 


THE   gardenehs'   chronicle. 


[August  6.  1887. 


CONDITION    OF    THE    FRUIT    CROV^— {Continued). 


MIDLAND 
COUNTIES. 

BEDFORD    


EASTERN 
COUNTIES 

LtXCOLN 


Undor 

Average 
Under  average 
Under;  gootl 
•  Average 

Avei-iiRe 
Under ;  good 


Over  aver  ^ 
very   plentiful 

and  good 
Over  ;    very 

Over  average 


good 
Over  average ; 


Average; 

Very  fine  crop, 

wanted  much 

thinning 

)ver ;  good 

3ver  ;  good 
Average 
ver  average 


Under ;  bad 

Under  average 

Under  average 

Under ;  bad 

Under 

Under 


^.ffpou'.v'dls 
Under  average 

Under  average 

Average;  good 

Under 

Green  Gage 
and  other 
varieties  on 
walls.    iiVL^r- 


Under  aver- 
Under 
Under;  good 


Under  average 
Average;  good 

Undei 
Under  average 
Under ;    small 


Average :  good 
Under;  good 


Average  crop 
— Damsous 

more  than  for 
years 

Average  ;  good 

Under 
Under;  bad 
Under 
Average 
Over;  good 
Under 
Avenige 


ivalla 


PEACHKS 
AND  NEC- 
TARINES. 


Under  (des- 
sert), averag 
Morellos 
Morellos  avei 
age ;   all  other 
kinds  undi 
Average 

Average;  gc 


Average;  ver 
good;  Mo- 
rellos good 
Average 


Average 

Very  good 

Average;  good 

Average 


Good    averagf 

;ood ;  iloreUos 

very  good 
Average;  good 


Average 
Good  averag 


'rage;  good 


Under  average 
Average;  good 


Average ;    bad 

Under  aver 
age ;  bad 

Average 

Average ; 
sound 

Under  average 
Under  average 
Under  average 

Average 
Under  average 


Under  aver- 
ery   good      age  ;     orchard 
beat crops 
Very  good      Average ;  good 

Average;  good  Under  average 


Average ;  good 

age;    likely  to 
ni  small 


Under;  bud 

Average;  good 
Under 


Average ;  good  Under 


;  bad 


A\erage ;  good 

Average 

Under 

Under  average 

Average 
terage;  good 
A  failure 


Average 

Average ;  good 

Under 

Average 


Average 
Average 
Average 

Over 
Average 
Average 


Very  bad     |         Good  Under  average  Good 

Average;  good'   Under;  bad    Average;  very  Average;  good 

Had  Under  Under  Average 

Under  average       Average       ,  Over  average         Averagi 

Under ;   bad   Morellos   good       Average  Good 

Average  ;  good  Over  average ;  Average  :  good  Average ;  good 
I    very   good     I  I 

Very  variable      Over ;  very         Over ;  very      Under  on 
I  good         I  good         I         whole 

Under;  good  Average;  good  Average;  good  Average;  good 

I  I  I 


Under  average 

Under  average 

Under  average 

Average 

walla,  pyra- 
ids  under 
average 


Average;  very 

good 
Under  average 


Average ;  good 
Under  average 


Abundant ; 
good 


Under 

Under  ave 

Average;  good 

Average  ;    bad 

Over 


Average;  good 

Very  good 

Average;  very 

good 

Average 

Gooseberries, 
iverage;  Cur- 
rants, over 

small  ;    JRasp- 


good 
Average ;  good 


Under  average 
Average  crop 


iver ;  appar- 
ently good 
Average 


and  black  Cu 
rants,  and 
Gooseberries 


Under  average 
ige;  good 


Average 


Average 

Average 

Under  averagi 

Average 

Over;   good 

Good 

Raspberries, 

Gooseberries 

lad ;    Currant! 

good 


Average 
Under  average 
Average;  good  Over  averi 


L  nuer  ;     very 

bad 
Average;  good 


•"ine  crop,  and 
very  large  for 

Over;    good, 

but   small 

Lverage;  very 

Average 

Over 

Under  average 

Average ;  good 

Average 

Over;  gootl 

Very  good,  but 

small 


Alex.  McKay,  Wqburn  Abbey 

Chas    Turner,  Cranfield  Court 

Gardens,  Newport  Pagneli 
Henry      Perkins,      Greenlands 

Gardens,  Henley-on-Thames 
Chas.    Hewett,  The    Gardens, 

Daylesford 
T.    Doherty,   Wroxton    Abbey 

Gardens,  Banbury 
Under  Henry     Downing,     Heythrop, 

Chipping  Norton 
,ge ;  gootl  George    Stanton,    Park    Place 

Gardens,  Henley-on-Thames 


Geo.    Thos.    Miles,    Wycombe 
Abbey  Gardens 
Good  average ;  J.  Smith,  Mentmore,  Leighton 
Walnuts  above     Buzzard 

Average ;  good 
Over 

Average ;  good 
Ove 


Under ;    bad 
■erage 


good 
Over  ;    good 
Over  average 


Under ;     Wal- 


Dropraore, 


Charles      Herr 
Maidenliead 

William     Waters.     Bulstrode 
Park,  Gerrard's  Cross 
.mes  Bone,  Latimer  Gardens 

George  Norman,  The  Gardens, 

Hatfield  House 
R.  Kuffet,  Panshanger  Park 


J.  C.  Mundell,  Moor  Park  Gar- 


James    Mitchell,     Brookman's 

Park,  Hatfield 
Joseph    Fitt.  Cassiobury  Park 

Gardens,  Watford 

Joseph  Thompson,  Gorhambury 
(Jardens,  St.  Albans 
'hu       Kipling,       Knebworth 


Good 


Under  avei 
age ;  bad 
Over  average 


Under 


David  Lumsden,  Tlie  Gardens, 

Bloxholm,  Sleaford 
George  B.  Tillyard,  Brocklesby 


lex.     S.      Elder,      Highfield, 

Gainsborough 

10.    Spilsby,  Blankney   Hall, 

Sleaford 
Thomas     Vinden,      Harlaxton 

Manor,  Grantham 
Jamer  Seth,  Grimsthorpe  Gar- 
dens, Bourne 
William       Ingram, 

Castle,  Grantham 

Batchelor,    Cattou    Park, 


Belvoir 


1  Hall, 


Norwich 
W.  Shingles,  Melton  Constable, 

East  Dereham 
James  Forder,  Hillingto 

King's  Lynn 
Charles  Penny,  Snndringha 

King's  Lynn 
F.  Lee,  Lynford,  Mundford 


hottesham  Park,  Nor- 


O.  Real, 

wich 
Robert  Pmiton,  Wroxham  Hall, 

Norwich 
J.Sheppard,  Woolverstoue,  Ips- 

Under  average  John  WalHs,  Orwell  Park  Gar- 

I     dens,  near  Ipswich 
Walnuts   good  Robert  Squibb,  lekworth  Park, 
Bury  St.  Edmunds 
J.  Mill,  The  Gardens.  Rendles- 
ham  Hall.  Woodbridge 

Fish,  Hardwicke,  Bury 


Average 


St.  Edmunds 
Jeo.     Eden,     Henham     Hall. 
Waugford 


AuGrsT  0,  18S7.] 


THE     GAIiDENEBS'     Cltl?ONICLE. 


161 


COXDITION    OF    THE    FRUIT    CROPS— (Continued), 


EASTERN 
COUNTIES. 

ESSEX  


SOUTHERN 
OUNTIES 


I'uder;  bad 
I  Under  average 

very  good 
Over;  gootl 

Under;  good 


Average;  good 
Average ;  goo<l 

Average 
Average 
Failure 


Average 


Over;  good 

Average ;  good 

On  the  walla 
thin  ;  stand- 
ards good 
Average;  good 

Average ; 

Very  plentiful 

Average ;  gooi 


Average 
vernge ;  good 


Good 

Average;  good 
Over ;  good 
Under ;  good 
;r;  good 


Undfr;    good 

Average;  good 
Over;  good 

good 
Under;  good 

Under 

Under 


Average;  good 
Under ;  good 

Average 
Undfir;  bad 


Under  aver- 
age ;  bad 


Under 
Under 


Under;  bad 

Under  average 

■age ;  good 

Under  average 

Under 

Very  good 


Under 
Under;  bad 

Under  averag. 
Average 
Average 


PEACHES 
AND  NEC- 
TARINES. 


Average 
Average ;  good 


Over;  very 
Average 


Average;  very'Under;  good 
good  ;  Morellus  over  in  orehard 

T,  very  good  house,  very 
good 

Average  Over 

Average      1      Average 


Average;  goo<l 

Average ;  good 

Aliundant  on 
wnlU  and 
standards 
Average 

Under 

Average 


Under 
Under;   good 

Average;  gooil 
Average;  good 
Average:  very 
Average;  good 
Average 


Under ;  good 

Average;  good 

Splendid 

lender;  bad 

Under 

\'ory  good 

Under  average 

Average 

very  good 
Verj'  good 

Average 

Average ;  good 


Average 

Under 
Average 


Average;  good 
Over;  good 
.verage;  good 
Over ;  good 


Average ;    bad 
Average 
Very  good 
Average 

Good 


Over  average 
very  good 
Average 


Under;  good 

Over;  very 
gootl 


Avonigp;| 

Under 
Average ;  good 
Under;  good 
Under;    bad 

Under 


Average 

Under;  good 

Over ;  good 

Average;  very 
good 


very 


good 
Average;  good 
Average;  good 
;  goo.1 


Under;  bad 
Under 

Under;    good 

Under ;    good 

Excellent 

Average ;  good 


Average 

Under  avera 

Above  avei 
age;  goot 
Average 

Average;  good 

Under  average 

Average 

Average;  good 


plent'Tnl, 
others    failur* 
Fair  average 

Under;  good 

Average  only 

on  walls 
Under;  good 


Average 

Under 

Bad 

)ver;  good 

Average;  good 
Under;  good 


Average" 


Under ;  good 

Under;  good 

Average  on 

walls 
Under;  good 


Over 


good 


Average 


Under  aver- 
age; good 
Average 

Over  average 

good 
Under  average 

Average ; 


Under 
Far  under 

Under 


Average;  good     Over;  good  Average 

Average;  good  Average;  good'         

Average;  good    Under;    bad  j^Under;  good 

Average;  very  Average;  goodi       Average 
good         I  I 

lor;   good   Average;  good  Average  ;  ver; 
good 


All  kinds  ver> 
plentiful  and 

Average 

Average ;  good 

Good 

Under 

Over;  very 

Average 

Average,  but 


^'"''■y  go 
Average;  good 


Over;  very 

good 
Over;  good 


Average;  good 
Average;  good 
Average,  but 
Over;  good 


Average ;  good 
Under 

Average 

Average;  bail 

Burnt  up 

Under 

Average ;  good 

Over ;    good 


Very  goo<l 
Over;  very 

Over;  good 

Over 

Average;  good 

Over;    bad 

Over 

Over 

Good;  dry 

weather  made 

crop  sliort 

Under 

Average;  good 

Under;  gooil 

Average ;  short 

duration 
Average ;  goofl 


Above  aver- 
age; good 
very  good 

Over  average 

very  good 

Good 

Average;  good 

Under  average 

Over;  good 

Very  good 
Uuder 


Under  average 

Over  average 

TTnder  aver- 
age ;  bad 
Under  average 

Average 

Average;  good 

Uuder  average 

Average ;  good 
quickly  c 
Average ;  good 


Average 


Under 
Over ;  good      Good  avera^ 

Average  Under 

Good  average    Gootl  avera 


■Walnuts  ove 
Under 

Plentiful 

except  Wal 

nuts;  good 

Average;  good 

Average ;  good 

Over ;  good 

Average 


Average 

good 
Average 

Very  gooil 

Average;  good 

Over  averji!:;e 

Good 

Average;  good 
Abundant 


Abundant 
Under 
Under 


X.  Y.  Z.,  Leyton 

William  Smith,  Birch  Hall. 
Colchester 

W.  Bowman,  Highland?, 
Chelmsford 

James  Douglas,  Great  Gearics, 
Hford 

William  Earley,  Double  Houfc, 
Aldborough  Hatch,  Ilford 

James  Vert.  Audley  End  Gar- 
dens, Saffron  Wal'den 


Henry    Lister,   Easton    Lodgt 

Dunmow 
Charles  Butler,   Parndon  Hn: 

Gardens,  Harlow 


Wm.  Pope.  The  Gardens,  High- 
clere  Castle,  Newbury 

Hobert  Fenn,  Sulhamstead, 
near  Reading 

T.  Jones,  Boyal  Gardens,  Frog- 
more.  Windsor 

James    Tegg,   Bearwood,   Wo- 

kingham 
J.    UtKe,     Lockinge    Gardens, 

Wantage 
R.      Sinclair.      Easthamp'^tcad 

Park.  Wokingham 
Alex.  Dean,  Betlfont 

George  Heasman,  The  Grove, 
Stanmore 

.  F.  n..  Royal  Horticultural 
Society.  Chiswick 

John  Woodbridge,  Syon  House 
Gardeus.  Brentford 

William  Bates,  Poulctt  Lodge, 
Twickenham 

W.  Denning,  Coombe,  Kingston- 
on-Thames 

A.   Evans,  Lytho  Hill,  Hasle- 

E.  Johnson,  Park  Hatch,  Godal- 

Gar- 


John  Tanner,  Tandridge  Court, 
Godstone 

James  Gold,  High  Ashurst, 
Dorking 

Tlios.  SiUence,  Nonsuch  Park, 
Clieam 

R.  Gray,  Chevening,  Seven- 
oaks 

Wm.  Craik,  Hothfield  Place, 
Ashford 

F.  Mt>ore,  Blendon  Hall,  Bexley 

Henry  Cannell,  Swanley 


Geo.  A.  Don,  Bedgebury,  Hawk- 
hurst 
,    Maxted,    Kearsney  Abbey, 

Joseph  RiLst,  Bridge  Castle, 
Tunbridge  Wells 

II.  R.  Holmes,  The  Gardens, 
Ashbnrnham  Place,  Battle 

B.  Coombe,  The  Gardens.  Wiston 
Park,  Steyning 

F.  Rutland,  Goodwood.  Chi- 
chester 

Sidney  Ford,  Leonardslee,  Hor- 

Alexander  Reid,  Possingworth, 

Cross-in- Hand 
W.  Smythe,  Basing  Park,  Alton 

P.  H.  Edwards,  Fowley,Liphook 


J.  Evans.  Melchet  Court,  Rom- 

W.  Wildsmith,  Heckfield  Place 

Garden-i,  Wincbfield 
F.  Thirlby,  Broadlands,  Rora- 

T.  D.  Myles,  The  Gardens, 
Appley  Towers,  Ryde,  Isle  of 
Wight 

William  Phipps,  Bowood  Gar- 
dens, Calne 

J.  Horsefield,  Heyteabury  Gar- 
dens, Heytesbury 

William  Nash,  Badminton 
Gardens,  Chippenham 

Thomas  King,  Devizes  Castle, 

H.  W.  Ward.  Longford  Castle 
Gardens,  Salisbury 


162 


THE     GAB  DENE  RS'     CHE  ON  I  CLE. 


[August  6,  1887. 


CONDITION    OF    THE    FKUIT    CllOVfi—iCmtthmcd). 


SOUTHERN 
COUNTIES. 


WESTERN 

COUNTIES. 

HEREFORD 


WORCESTER., 


GLOUCESTER 


1I0N3I0UTH  . 


SOMERSET.. 


CmNWALL 


APRICOTS.   ;      PLU5IS.         CIIEP.RIES. 


Over  avoi 
Uuilcr 
-Vvenige ;  gooil 


WALES 
CARMAKTHEX 

CARNARVOX 

DENBIGH    

GLAMORGAK    

MERIONETH 

MONTGOMERY 

PEMBROKE    


cr;  good 
Average;  good 
Average:  good 
Average;  good 

very  good 


Over;  very 

good 

Lverage ;  good 

Good  crop, 
lut  very  small 


smali 

ery  gootl 
Average;  good 


Averagi 
(Vvernge ;  good 


good 
id  and  lin 
varm  place 


Under  aver 

age :  good 

\vcrage;  good 


Not  many 

Good  ['rop  ; 

Over 
riulcr ;  bail 


Uader 


Uiuler ;  • 


IJuder ;    much 

blighted 
Average ;  good 

Under  averag 

Uuder  nverag 

Average 

Under ;  bad 
Average ;  good 
Average;  good 

Not  up  to  the 
average,  aud 

very  small ; 

trees  very 
uueh  blighted 
Under;    *     ' 


Uuder  r 


Uuder  ;    good 
Average 
Under 

verage;  good 

Under 

Average 
u£feR-d  tV. 


Ave 


Uu.l 
\verage~;  good 

Under 

IgO;    CO 

iorts  full  cro]) 


Very  good 

Under 

Under  average 


Average ;  good 
Under  average 


good 

Over;  very 

good 

Average ;  good 


Uuder  ;    small 
Average;  good 

Averag 
Over;    g 

Under  ai 

OgL.;  \n 
Under  ave 


PEACHES     I 

AND  N'EC-  APPLES. 

TAllINES. 


Average ;  j 
Average ;  f 


Under  a 

age;  I 

Under  av 


rop  and  very 
small,  and 
dropping  off 


Average 
Over  avorag 


Under  averagt^ 

Under 

Average 

Under ;  good 


Average;  very 

good 
Under;  partial 

Uuder ;  good 

Under  averagt 

Average ;  good 

Averag 


Average 

Under 
Over 


;  good 


good 
^ood 


In  thi 

bourhood  verj 
scarcfi,  and 
dropping  off 

very  fast 
Under;  good 

Under  aver- 


very  good 
bligiit  vo:'y 


Under  aver- 
ge,  but  swel- 
ling well 


None  grown 
outride 
Under 


Under  ;    good 

smaU 

Good,  but 

small 

Average 


age;  good 
Under 

Under 
Abundant 


good 
•x  averag 
good 


Very  good 

Average 

Excellent 

;rop3;  Medlars 

middling 


Average 
Under 
Under 
Uuder 


Over;  good 

Uuder;  good 

Under  average 

Average ;  good 

Averaj 


Over;  very 

good 
Under  aver- 


Under  aver 

age;  bad 
Average;  goc 

Average 
Under  ;    goo 

age 


Middling 
Under 

Under  aver- 
age;  good 
Under 

Under;    b:i(l 
Good 


Average ;  good 
Average;  good 


Ove 


very 


Avernge.  ex- 
cepting Raaji- 

berriea 
Over ;  very 

good 
Over:  good 


Under;  bad 
Average;  good 


Gooseberries 

Average ; 

I'ery   good 

Lverage;  good 


XAJIE 

AND 
ADDI1ES3. 


good   Under;  good 


Average 
Under 
Under  aver- 
excellent 
Average 
Average;  good 
Under 
Average 


crop 
good 


Abundant; 
very  good 
Over  ;  good 


Average 

Excellent  ani 
heavy  crops; 

Mulberries 
poor 

Very  good 

Average 

^'ery  good 

Good 


Average 

Under ;  bad 

Under  averog 

Average ;  good 

Uuder 

Under ;    bad 

Uuder ;   bad 

Over  average 

fairly  good 

'ver  average 

very  good 

Xearly  a 

lailui-e 


Under  avp 
age;  bad 
Under  in  con- 
sequence of 
dry  weather 

Failure 


Bad;  on 

account    of 

dry  we,ithi;r 

Over  average 

poor 
Average;  ver; 

Uuder ;    bad 


quenco  of  dry 
weather 
Under  aver- 
age ;  bad 


Average ;  good 
Average 


I'er  average 

good 

Average 


Average;  good 
Average 


Average 
Under  average 


\y.  Pratt,  Longleat,  War- 
minster 

William  P.  Leach,  Bryanston 
Gardens,  Blaudford 

J.  Bsc;k,  CricUel  Gardens, 
Wimborne 

D.  Williams.  Cranford  aiauor 
Gardens!,  V/imborne 

Edwin  Lamiog.  Charborough 
Park.  Blandford 


ivyn,  Hereford 
Eastuor 

Kenneth  McKenzie,  AUensmore 

Court,  Fram  Green 
W.     Rowbree,    The     Gardens, 

Garnons 
A.  Ward,  The  Gardens,  Stoke 

Edith  Park 
Clia:^.    Denning,    Holme  Lacy 

Gardeus 

Walter    Child,   Croome  Court, 

Severn  Stoke 
Wra.  Crump,  Madresfield  Court, 

Jtalvern 
.Tohn    Austin,     Witley    Court 

Gardens,  Stourport 
Edward  Ward,  Hewell  Graufffi, 

Bromsgrove 


Arthur  Barker,  The  Gardens. 

lliudlip.  Worcester 
Alexander  Scott,  The  Gardens, 

Sherborne  Park.  Northleach 
A.     Cliapmau,    Weston    Birt 

Gardens,  Tetbury 

John  Soivriv,   UiL-i'-nm   Court 

Gardrn,,   .  ,1, ,:,.■,  .1.. r 

W.  R.  Ci-  '    .,.l,-,is. 

Fretiivr^:  ■  ■  .-  ',.>u-.' 
Geo.    Bi'tli.il,     .\   111. .11    Cum-t, 

Clifton,  Ilri-tol 

r.      Groenaway,      Dodin^^ton 

Park  Gardeus,  Chipping  Sod- 
Thomas  Coomber,  The  Hendre 

Gardens,  Monmouth 

.  Paterson,  12,  Trafalgar  Ter- 


W.  Iggulden,  Marston  Garden?, 

Frome 
ohn  Chalmers.    Orchardleigh 

Gardens,  Frome 
0h;irle3  Sully,  Fairfield,  Bridge- 

D.    C.     Powell,     Powderham, 
Kenton 

George  Baker,  Memblaud,  South 


\Y.  A.  Phillips,  Eicton  Gardens 

Tipton 
G.  .r.  B:u-nos,  Stoodleigh  Court, 


Charlc'*  Lee,    Eojonnoc,  Lost- 

Lhiel 
James    Murtou,     Pencalenick, 

Truro 
Lreorge  Knox,  Port  Elliot,  St. 

Germans 


?wis     Bowen,      Edwinsfonl, 
Llandilo 

.    Calder,  Voynol   Park  Gar- 
dens. Bangor 
P.    Middleton.    The    Gardens, 
Wyunstay,  lluabon 


J.   Muir,    Miirgam  Park,    Port 
~  Ibot 

nnett,  Hhug,  Corwen 

W.  Lee,  Powis  Castle  Garden?", 

Welshpool 
George   Griffin,   Slebeck  Park, 

Haverfordwest 


ArorsT  6,  1887.] 


THE    GARDEXEBS'     CHE0XICLE. 


163 


CONDITION    OF    THE    FRUIT    CROPS-^(Crm^/«»«Z). 


XAME 
ATitlRESS. 


WESTJIEATH 


CHANNEL 
ISLANDS. 
SCILLY  ISLANDS    , 


■ll'iiJeruviT 
jAvCTiiKe;  V 


T'ndpr  averag"  Average ;  giK 
Average:  goixlOver  overng« 
good 
riuler  Avern:-^ 


^oiie  oufoiiie 
Avernge 


JERSEY    

GirETiXSEY lAv 


Under 


Average;     'Average;  gocKl  I'lider  average 

goo<l  under 
I  glass        I  '  '  I 

erage;    bad    Below;  bad    |Average;  good  Average;  good.  Below;  good    Average;  good  Avernge;  bad  ,   Below;  bad 

Average;  good  Average;    bud  Average;  good  .Yveragt 


g..  Thomas  Slieasby,  Co..tle  Dillcm 
(feo.  Porteoiia,  CJarrou  Tower, 
Belfast 

ge  W .  WiUon,  Dromoland  Gar- 
:  dens,  Newniarket-on-Fergii.* 
,Tas.  Tavlor,  Mount  Stewart 

rr.ige  William  Grav,  Woodstock 


Chas.       B.       Saunders,       St, 

Savionrs 
iCImrles  Smith    &    Son.    Cnle, 

donia  Murserj 


The  Kitchen  Garden, 


ToMATOS. — Where  these  are  required  during  the 
autumn  and  winter,  provision  shoukl  he  made  to  meet 
the  demand  either  by  planting  at  once  strong  young 
plants,  or  by  cutting  back  and  starting  older  ones 
which  were  planted  in  spring.  In  the  latter  case  all 
the  remaining  fiuit  should  be  removed,  and  the 
plants  cut  back  rather  freely.  In  either  instance 
liberal  treatment  should  be  afforded,  and  the  house 
kept  moist  and  warm  to  encourage  free  gi'owtli. 
From  around  the  old  plants  a  portion  of  the  soil 
should  be  removed  and  replaced  with  fresh  compost, 
adding  theretofrom  time  to  time  as  it  appears  neces- 
sary. A  light  airy  house  or  pit  with  plenty  of  heat 
at  command  should,  if  possible,  be  selected  for  grow- 
ing Tomatos  in  autumn  and  early  spring,  the  trellis 
being  constructed  as  near  the  glass  as  is  practicable, 
so  that  the  plants  may  have  the  advantage  of  all  the 
light  and  air  possible.  Plants  growing  in  the  open 
and  against  walls  will  need  watering  plenteously,  and 
manure-water  of  some  kind  given  to  enable  them  to 
swell  off  their  fruit.  After  this  date  it  will  bo 
advisable  to  remove  the  flowers  and  small  lateral 
growths,  fully  exposing  the  fruit  to  the  sun. 

Ciiciimhers. — As  sunlight  decreases,  a  less  moist 
air  will  be  required  in  dung  frames,  especially  during 
cloudy  weather ;  therefore,  after  this  date  the  neces- 
sary watering  should  be  done  during  the  early  part 
of  the  day,  and  the  frames  should  be  ventilated"  early 
in  the  day.  To  prolong  the  supply  from  frames,  the 
linings  should  be  looked  to,  and  where  required  turn- 
ing over  and  renewing  them,  repeating  the  opera- 
tion from  time  to  time  as  it  becomes  needful.  For 
a  succession  to  these  and  to  furnish  a  supply  during 
the  winter,  plants  should  be  raised  at  once,  and  in 
the  meantime  the  structure  they  are  to  occupy 
should  be  thoroughly  cleansed  and  repaired. 

French  Hcans. — Two  more  sowings  of  these  should 
be  made  on  a  warm  sheltei-ed  border  facing  south, 
one  about  the  first  week  in  August,  and  another  a 
fortnight  later.  The  earlier  sowings  of  these  and  of 
Scarlet  Runners  which  are  in  bloom  will  require 
copious  waterings  to  enable  the  blossoms  to  set 
properly.  ./.  Austin,  JVitlei/  Court  Gardens. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


Decoeative  Table  Plants. — Early  in  the  year 
attention  was  drawn  to  the  propagation  of  plants 
suitable  for  table  decoration ;  amongst  them  none 
are  more  serviceable  than  Draca;nas,  which,  having 
received  proper  treatment,  will  have  well  filled  their 
pots  with  roots  by  this  time,  and  now  require  some 
fertiliser,  such  as  Clay's  or  Standen's,  to  assist 
farther  leaf-development.  In  order  to  bring  colour 
fully  into  the  foliage  the  shading  blinds  should  be  thin, 
and  only  drawn  over  the  plants  during  the  warmest  part 
of  the  day,  while  the  plants  should  be  raised  near  to 
the  glass,  given  free  space  to  gi-ow  in,  and  kept  clean 


liy  sponging.  Of  the  new  kinds  we  find  Dracieua 
Mrs.  Kobert  Turner  to  have  a  good  habit  and  bright 
colour,  and  a  desirable  addition  to  those  we  pre- 
viously named.  Crotons  should  be  also  nourished  in 
the  same  manner,  and  allowed  all  the  light  possible 
consistent  with  safety  from  scalding.  The  varieties 
possessing  the  graceful  character  of  C.  angustifolius 
and  C.  Johannis  are  suitable  varieties,  and  should  be 
grown  on  quickly,  in  a  high  moist  temperature,  and 
kept  to  a  single  stem,  which  should  be  staked  if 
necessary.  Cuttings  of  Crotons  may  be  propagated 
now;  straight  shoots,  well  furnished  with  healthy 
foliage,  should  be  selected,  placed  singly  in  60-sized 
pots,  and  plunged  in  sharp  bottom-heat,  under  hand- 
glasses ;  a  Pine-stove  is  a  suitable  place.  To  the 
Palms  before  named  I  would  add  Chamajdorea 
elegans  and  Calamus  plumosus ;  they  are  useful 
kinds,  and  the  spiny  stems  of  the  latter  give  it  a 
very  distinct  appearance.  Any  of  the  species 
that  are  pale  in  colour  through  being  kept  in 
small  pots  can  be  readily  improved  by  the  use  of 
the  above-named  fertilisers,  and  should  scale  appear 
it  should  be  at  once  removed  by  sponge  and  soapy 
water.  These  remarks  also  apply  to  species  of 
Aralia  and  Pandanus  ;  the  stock  of  the  latter  may- 
now  be  increased  by  propagating  the  best  coloured 
suckers,  while  the  variegated  Pine-apple,  which  is 
admirably  fitted  for  table  use,  is  best  raised  from 
crowns,  as  they  grow  into  better  furnished  and  more 
graceful  plants  than  suckers.  In  watering  and 
syringing  it  should  be  remembered  this  plant  should 
not  be  kept  very  wet  at  its  roots,  and  it  requires  but 
little  shade.  The  stock  of  the  common  Selaginella 
should  not  be  overlooked  ;  it  is  most  generally  ser- 
viceable when  grown  in  4S  and  60-sized  pots,  in 
which  the  cuttings  sliould  now  be  inserted  thickly, 
if  plants  are  wanted  for  winter  use.  Small  plants  of 
Selaginella  Martensi  variegata,  S.  Lyalli.  Isolepis 
gracilis,  Panicum  variegatunr,  and  the  Maidenhair 
and  other  slender  Ferns  which  are  indispensable  for 
the  embellishment  of  epergues,  vases,  &c.,  should  be 
grown  on  moist  shelves.  Thomas  C'oombcr,  TheHendrc 
Gardens. 


The  Orchid  Houses. 


These  may  not  appear  at  the  present  time  very 
interesting  to  the  casual  observer,  but  to  those  who 
have  charge  of  them  the  growing  season  concerns 
them  most,  as  flowering  will  always  greatly  depend 
on  the  care  and  attention  that  has  been  afforded 
during  that  period.  If  thrips  are  allowed  to  remain 
many  hours  on  Cattleyas  or  any  other  evergi-een 
species  they  leave  their  mark,  the  plants  ajipeariug 
unsightly  for  years  after.  Deciduous  species  soon 
lose  their  disfigured  foliage,  but  the  plants  suffer 
injury,  which  is  proved  by  their  making  imperfect 
pseudobulbs. 

Many  of  the  Pleiones  are  already  showing  signs  of 


flowering,  and  if  it  is  desirable  that  they  should 
flower  later  it  is  now  a  good  time  to  retard  them 
by  placing  the  plants  in  a  cool  house,  where  they 
should  be  placed  near  the  glass,  giving  sufficient 
water  to  keep  them  moist.  Many  of  the  Orchids 
with  pseudobulbs  are  nov/  finishing  up  their  growths, 
and  as  warm  weather  may  be  expected  to  last  for  at 
least  another  month,  these  will  be  benefited  by  being 
placed  in  the  right  position.  It  will  be  well  to  examine 
Dendrobiums  in  the  warmest  division,  to  see  that  none 
are  inclined  to  make  a  new  start  from  the  base  of  the 
new  pseudobulb.  Select  those  that  are  in  a  fit 
state  to  be  removed  into  a  house  where  more  venti- 
lation is  given,  and  the  atmosphere  is  less  charged 
with  moisture.  Very  little  shading  will  be  neces- 
sary for  them,  the  weather  being  taken  as  the  guide 
to  the  watering,  but  enough  should  be  given  to  pre- 
vent injury  from  dryness.  The  compost  in  which 
are  those  plants  which  have  been  slow  to  make 
root  is  generally  the  first  to  get  into  a  bad  state,  it 
being  necessary  during  summer  to  water  often.  The 
sour  material,  therefore,  of  these  plants  should  be 
carefully  picked  out,  top-dressing  them  with  new 
sphagnum  and  fibrous  peat. 

'\\'hf-re  a  house  can  be  set  apart  for  what  may  be 
termed  cool  intermediate  Orchids,  such  as  Lycastes, 
Anguloas.  Trichopilias,  I'ilunmas,  Oncidium  cheiro- 
lihoium.  0.  incurvum,  O.  ornithorhynchum,  Sobra- 
lias,  Trichosraa  suavis,  Epidendrumprismatocarpum, 
E.  vitellinum  majus,  E.  sceptrum,  difiVreut  species 
of  Brassia,  &c,  it  would  help  the  plants  to  produce 
stronger  pseudobulbs  and  growths  if  moi-e  sunlight 
were  afforded  than  cool  Orchids  proper  could  require 
or  withstand.  From  the  present  time  the  morning 
sun  should  be  allowed  to  shine  on  them  a  little 
longer,  and  the  blinds  should  be  drawn  np  in  the 
afternoons  as  soon  as  the  plants  will  bear  it,  damp- 
ing the  floors,  and  keeping  the  ventilators  open 
early  and  late  in  the  d.ay.  C.  Woo/ford,  Sotnisidr, 
Lea'therhcad. 

Miltonia  Eoezlli  is  a  more  continuous  flower- 
ing species  than  Miltonia  vexillaria,  and  out  of  our 
small  collection  of  plants  we  are  seldom  without 
flowers  in  any  month  of  the  year.  This  species  is 
supposed  to  require  a  very  high  temper.ature,  but  I 
fancy  it  may  be  overdone  during  the  summer 
months.  I  should  be  afraid  to  give  them  as 
much  heat  as  we  are  at  present  giving  the 
Dendrobiums.  What  they  do  seem  to  require  is 
au  uniform  temperature  all  the  year  round,  or  at 
least  there  should  not  be  more  than  a  difference  of 
6°  night  temperature  between  that  of  summer  and 
winter,  say,  60°  as  a  minimum  in  winter,  and  65°  in 
summer.  Most  of  our  plants  were  repotted  in  early 
June.  Like  the  allied  species  the  leaves  are  much 
liked  by  thrips,  and  greenfly  will  settle  on  the  flower- 
spikes  "almost  before  they  push  out  of  the  axils  of 
the  leaves.  Both  parasites  succumb  to  dipping  in 
the  tobacco  and  soft-soap  solution,  we  being  afraid 
to  fumigate  with  tobacco.  J.  Douglas. 


164 


TEE     GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AuGcsT  0,  1887. 


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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


in  Mr.  Wii,sox"s  garden  at  Weybridge.  Similar 
productions  in  different  species  of  I'otentilla  are 
well  known  and  some  are  figured  in  Lindi.eyVs 
Theory  of  Horticulture,  but  until  the  last  few 
weeks  the  opportunity  of  seeing  in  the  flesh  the 
"  Plymouth  Strawberry "  of  Tbadescant  has 
not  been  vouchsafed  to  us.  AVell,  it  is  simply 
an  alpine  Strawberry  in  which  the  petals,  stamens, 
and  carpels  are  all  more  or  less  foliaceous,  the 
receptacle,  at  first  green,  becoming,  in  course  of 
time,  red  and  succulent,  but  bristling  with  the 
green  tips  of  the  carpels  or  seed-vessels,  which  in 
an  ordinary  Strawberry  should  be  developed  into 
"  pips "  containing  the  seed.  By  the  non- 
botanical  public,  and  even  in  standard  pomo- 
logical  works,  these  pips  are  called  seeds,  but  the 
botanist  recognises  in  them  seed-vessels  contain- 
ing the  seed.  There  is,  then,  nothing  very  won- 
derful in  the  Plymouth  Strawberry  except  its 
rarity.  A  similar  malformation  is  not  un- 
common in  many  flowers,  and  may  occur  in  any. 
Dr.  Hogg's  note  in  Masters'  I'egetable  Tera- 
tology runs  as  follows,  (and  it  may  here  be  said, 
that  the  Editor  of  the  recent  German  edition  of 
the  book  in  question  has  added  nothing  to  the 
record  on  this  matter)  : — "  The  Plymouth  Straw- 
berry (Fragaria  vesca  fructu  hispido)  is  a  sort  of 
botanical  Dodo,  upon  which  many  have  written, 
but  which  few  have  seen.  Many  years  have  elapsed 


MEETINGS. 

TUESDAY.  AUG 

SHOWS 
WEDNESDAY,   Avfi.  10 

THURSDAY,       Are.  11  \  ?ll'l„^aylmg  Horti^enltoal, 
SATURDAY, 


Taunton  Dene  Horticultu 
Al'fi.  13— Matlock  Bath  Horticultural. 


SALES. 


Resurre-rit  Dodo!  In  the  year 
'^St'ra'^vw"*''      '^^^     ^'■-     ^°°"     ^P"'^"     °^     ■''"'■^ 

Strawberry  as  a  Dodo  that  had 
disappeared,  and  of  whose  previous  existence, 
indeed,  many  had  doubted  in  a  more  or  less 
supercilious  fashion.  Duchesne,  writing  a 
century  ago,  stated  that  it  had  "  totalement  dis- 
paru,"  adding  that  the  same  fate  would  probably 
overtake  the  Fraisier  de  Versailles  (the  Straw- 
berry with  one  leaflet  only),  and  other  forms  too 
weak  and  too  unimportant  practically  to  resist 
the  revolutions  which  bring  about  the  disap- 
pearance of  those  monstrous  productions,  which 
man  has  no  special  interest  in  preserving.  So  said 
DuCHEs.NE,  one  of  the  best  and  most  philosophic 
of  horticulturists,  the  precursor  of  Darwin  in 
showing  that  lineage  was  the  real  basis  of  the 
natural  system  of  classification,  and,  like  him,  one 
who  drew  upon  horticulture  not  onl}'  for  his  facts 
but  for  his  philosophical  inductions.  So  said,  also, 
less  than  twenty  years  ago,  the  foremost  of  English 
pomologists.  But  neither  the  pomological  philo- 
sopher nor  the  practical  pomologist  was  right  in 
his  assertion.  A  few  weeks  ago  a  lady  corre- 
spondent sent  specimens  of  this  Strawberry  to  this 
office  from  the  Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden.  Mr. 
Lindsay  tells  us  that  it  has  been  grown  there  for 
so  long  a  period  that  he  has  failed  to  trace  the 
date  of  its  introduction,  and,  for  the  last  eight 
years,  at  least.  Professor  DirKsON  has  made  use 
of  it  to  illustrate  his  lectures.  That  it  is 
probably  to  be  found  in  more  than  one 
garden  where  curiosities  are  cherished  is 
further  shown  by  the  fact  that  within 
the  last  few  days  the  present  writer  has  met 
with  it  under  its  old  name  of  Fragaria  muricata 


Fig.  38.— the  pLTMorTH  str.iwbkri<y. 

since  it  was  first  discovered ;  and  although  a  cen- 
tury and  a  half  have  passed  since  there  was  any 
evidence  of  its  existence,  it  serves  still  as  an  illus- 
tration for  students  in  morphology  of  one  of 
those  strange  abnormal  structures  with  which 
the  vegetable  kingdom  abounds." 

It  is  to  old  .John  Tradescant  we  are  indebted 
for  the  earliest  record  of  this  plant.  Johnson 
in  his  edition  of  "  Gerard  "  says  : — "  Mr.  John 
Tradescant  hath  told  me  that  he  was  the  first 
that  tooke  notice  of  this  Strawberry,  and  that  in 
a  woman's  garden  at  Plimouth,  whose  daughter 
had  gathered  and  set  the  roots  in  her  garden  in 
stead  of  the  conmion  Strawberry  ;  but  she,  finding 
the  fruit  not  to  answer  her  expectation,  intended 
to  throw  it  away ;  which  labour  he  spared  her  in 
taking  it  and  bestowing  it  among  the  lovers  of 
such  varieties,  in  whose  garden  it  is  yet  pre- 
served." Doubtless  one  of  those  "  lovers  "  was 
his  friend  John  Parkinson,  who,  in  the 
year  16:;!>,  thus  wrote  concerning  it: — "One 
Strawberry  more  I  promised  to  shew  you, 
which,  although  it  be  a  wiUle  kinde. 
and  of  no  use  for  meate,  yet  I  would  not 
let  this  discourse  passe  without  giving  you  the 
knowledge  of  it.  It  is  in  leafe  much  like  unto 
the  ordinary,  but  differeth  in  that  the  flower,  if 
it  have  any,  is  greene,  or  rather  it  beareth  a  small 
head  of  greene  leaves,  many  set  thicke  together 
like  unto  a  double  ruffe,  in  the  midst  whereof 
standeth  the  fruit,  which,  when  it  is  ripe,  shew^thi 


to  be  soft  and  somewhat  reddish,  like  unto  a 
Strawberry,  but  with  many  small  harmlesse 
prickles  on  them  which  may  be  eaten  and 
chewed  in  the  mouth  without  any  maner  of 
offence,  and  is  somewhat  pleasant  as  a  Straw- 
berry ;  it  is  no  great  bearer,  but  those  it  doth 
beare  are  set  at  the  toppes  of  the  stalks  close 
together,  pleasant  to  behold,  and  fit  for  a  gen- 
tlewoman to  weare  on  her  arme,  &c.,  as  a  rairitie, 
in  stead  of  a  flowere." 

Merret,  in  his  Pina.c,  published  in  1667,  says 
he  found  it  growing  in  the  woods  of  Hyde  Park 
and  Hampstead ;  and  Zanoni  was  the  first  to 
figure  it  (with  the  exception  of  Parkinson's 
rude  woodcut)  in  his  Istoria  Butanica,  published 
in  1675.  It  is  mentioned  by  Morison,  and  also 
by  Eay,  the  latter  of  whom  inserts  it  in  his 
Synopsis,  but  without  any  habitat ;  though  in 
his  Historia  Plantarum  he  says :  — "  Can- 
tabrigife  in  horto  per  aliquot  annos  colui. ' 
From  this  time  henceforth  the  Plymouth 
Strawberry  has  become  a  botanical  Dodo, 
nothing  more  having  been  seen  or  heard  of  it, 
except  the  mere  record  of  the  name.  In  1766, 
M.  Duchesne  informed  the  world  of  the 
generosity  of  "  M.  Monti,  Docteur  de  Philo- 
sophie  et  de  M^decine  a  Boulogne  en  Italic,"  who 
divided  with  him  a  dried  specimen  taken  from 
his  own  herbarium,  "  Ce  present  pr^tieux  m'ote 
toute  incertitude  sur  la  nature  de  ce  Fraisier  et 
sur  ces  caracteres  monstrueux.  II  paroit  ne  pas 
avoir  aujourd'hui  plus  d'existence."  So  far  Dr 
Hogg. 

Zanoni  was  the  first  as  far  as  we  can  ascer- 
tain to  figure  the  plant  in  1675,  but  we  have 
not  had  the  opportunity  of  looking  up  his 
figures.  Parkinson  in  1620,  Jonhson  (sic)  in 
1633,Tradescant,Pauli,  Morison,  andRAY,are 
all  cited  by  Duchesne  as  having  mentioned  the 
plant.  Parkinson's  account  is  cited  in  Dr.HoGo's  ■ 
note  above  given.  Morison,  who  was  Professor 
of  Botany  and  First  Prefect  of  the  Botanic  Gar- 
den at  Oxford,  writing  in  1715  in  his  Plant.  Hist. 
Univers.,  tom.  i.,  p.  185,  speaks  of  Strawberries 
with  red,  white,  half  red  half  white,  whitish,  twice 
fruiting,  and  with  double  and  semi-double  flowers, 
and  describes  at  length  our  present  plant  as 
Fragaria  hortensis  major :  —  "  Flore  herbaceo 
fructu  spinoso,"  refering  it  to  the  Fragaria 
arborea  flore  herbaceo  of  Zanoni. 

Duchesne's  monograph  on  the  Strawberry 
(1766)  is  not  in  the  Linhley  Library,  but  for- 
tunately Lamarck  had  the  good  fortune  to  se- 
cure the  co-operation  of  this  writer  in  the  publi- 
cation of  the  article  "Fraisier "  in  his  Encyclo- 
pcedie  Methodique,  1786,  p.  53.3.  There  Duchesne 
gives  a  really  admirable  account  of  the  botanical 
history  of  the  Strawberry  in  general,  and  of  this 
variety  in  particular.  There,  after  citing  the 
authors  we  have  before  named,  he  tells  us  that 
he  had  been  enabled  to  examine  the  dried  specimens 
preserved  at  Bologna  (presumably  from  the 
same  source  as  those  mentioned  by  Zanoni), 
and  from  which  he  concludes  that  this  Strawberry 
is  not  an  undershrub  (sous  arbrissearu),  that  it 
has  not  a  green  flower  (a  statement  we  do  not 
understand),  that  it  does  not  bear  Strawberries 
good  to  eat,  though  indeed  spiney  ;  that  it  is  not 
a  species  nor  even  a  race,  but  an  accidental  mon- 
strous and  sterile  variety,  which,  with  its  downy 
leaves  and  strong  stems,  bears  flowers  without 
petals ;  the  teeth  of  the  calyx  being  folia- 
ceous constitute  the  defective  flower,  to  which 
succeed  misshapen,  wretched  (mciquins),  hard, 
acrid  fruits,  having  only  a  trace  of  the  flavour  of 
the  Strawberry  and  of  which  the  whole  of  the 
ovaries  are  abortive  .  .  .  instead  of  containing 
seed  .  .  .  and  prolonged  into  little  green  spines  like 
the  style  of  the  Geum  (benoife^ ;    and  that  this 


August  6,  1887.] 


/ 


/ 

THE    GABDENERS'     ChIrONICLE. 


165 


Fig.  39. — the  great  siitbr  eir  at  eoseneatb.     (sse  p.  1G6.) 


166 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHE  ONI  CLE. 


[Avurvr  G,  1887. 


Strawberry,  found  at  Pliniouth  {sic)  by  Thades- 
CAN'T  about  1620,  was  cultivated  for  sixty  to  eighty 
years  in  almost  all  the  botanic  gardens  of  Europe, 
whence  it  has  disappeared  ;  and  so  on.  Well,  as 
we  ha\'e  said,  it  may  have  disappeared,  but  it  has 
reappeared,  and  is  doing  good  service  as  food  for 
the  mind,  if  not  for  the  body,  and  so  it  is  by  no 
means  to  be  despised.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  know  where  Zan'oni  got  his  plants  from 
how  long  it  had  been  grown  in  Devonshire 
cottage  gardens,  and  where  it  hid  itself  from  the 
scrutiny  of  botanists — from  Ducuesxe  andllociG 
— till  we  hear  of  it  in  Edinburgh  eight  or  ten 
years  ago.  No  doubt  it  did  not  really  disappear 
(though  that  is  possible) ;  far  more  likely  it 
maintained  itself  by  its  runners  in  many  a  garden 
and  wood  unnoticed  and  uncared  for.  "We  quite 
expect  to  hear,  after  the  publication  of  this  note, 
that  Dr.  IIoGii's  Dodo  has  kept  its  place  in  many 
a  poultry  yard — we  mean  wild  garden,  where  the 
interest  attaching  to  it  was  unknown  or  unheeded. 

It  is  as  well  to  mention  that  other  curious 
varieties  of  the  Strawberry  are  still  in  existence, 
such  as  that  which  produces  no  runners  ( F.  efia- 
gellis"),  the  double-flowered  variety;  the  mono- 
phyllous  form  which  has  but  one  leaflet ;  and  the 
variety,  or  varieties — for  we  have  seen  more  than 
one — in  which  the  white  petals  remain  as  a 
collar  to  the  ripe  fruit,  instead  of  withering  as 
usual. 

ilonE     than    usual    interest     at- 

Tlie  Fruit  taches  to  the  report  which,  owing 
to  the  courtesy  of  our  corre- 
spondents in  all  parts  of  the  three  kingdoms,  we 
are  enabled  to  give  concerning  the  condition 
and  prospects  of  the  Fruit  Crops.  The  long, 
tedious,  and  severe  winter,  followed  by  a  summer 
of  unusual  heat  and  drought,  had  led  us  to  anti- 
cipate a  much  more  unfavourable  report  than 
that  we  now  present  to  our  readers.  Taking  the 
Apple  crop  as  the  most  generally  important,  we 
find  that,  in  Scotland  generally,  and  in  the 
Northern  Counties,  the  Apple  crop  is  fully  an 
average  one,  and  the  same  applies  in  the  Eastern 
and  Southern  Counties,  Kent  and  Sussex  being 
the  worst  off  in  this  respect.  In  the  Western 
Counties,  Apples  in  Hereford  are  recorded  as 
under  average,  as  also  in  Worcester,  Gloucester, 
Devonshire  and  Monmouth. 

Pears  in  Scotland  and  the  North  of  England 
are  under  average  ;  in  the  Eastern  and  Southern 
Counties  they  are  reported  on  the  whole  as 
average,  but  in  the  Western  they  are  mostly  over 
the  usual  crop. 

Plums  in  Scotland  are  under  average  :  in  the 
North  of  England  they  yield  a  fair  crop,  in 
the  East  they  are  under  the  average.  In  the 
West  the  crop  is  usually  under  the  mark,  but  in 
the  South  it  is  recorded  as  average. 

Cherries  have  yielded  well  in  Scotland,  and 
in  the  Northern,  I'^stern,  Southern,  and 
Western  Counties. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines,  of  course,  are  not  re- 
presented in  Scotland ;  but  are  average  in  the  North 
and  East,  over  average  in  the  South  and  West. 

Small  fruits  are,  or  have  been,  generally 
abundant  in  Scotland,  the  Northern,  Eastern, 
Southern,  and  AVestern  Counties. 

Strawberries  have  been  generally  good  in 
quantity,  but  deficient  in  quality. 

Nuts  are  generally  a  fair  average  in  all  districts 
where  grown. 

So  that,  on  the  whole,  the  return  of  the  Fruit 
Crops  for  the  whole  country  may  be  taken  as 
generally  satisfactory. 


The  Silver  Fir  at  Roseneath.— For  the 
opportunity  of  representing  tlie  magnificent  Silver 
Fir  (fig.   39)    at    Roseneath,    county    Dumbarton, 


we  are  indeb|ted  to  the  courtesy  of  R.  B.  White, 
Esq.,  of  Ardalrroch,  also  in  that  county,  who  kindly 
placed  the  fnotograph  at  our  disposal.  In  1838 
Loudon  nottd  it  as  tlie  finest  tree  of  the  kind  in 
Scotland,  and  as  having  a  height  of  124  feet. 
Evelyn  mentioned  one  at  HarefieUl,  Jliddlesex, 
introduced  by  Sergeant  Newdigate  in  1603, 
and  which  in  1679  had  attained  a  height 
of  81  feet.  From  enquiries  we  made  we 
understand  that  this  tree  was  cut  down  many 
years  since.  Tlie  symmetry  of  this  Fir  is  often 
interfered  with  by  the  loss  of  the  leader  and  the 
substitution  of  secondary  ones.  Nevertheless,  it  is 
a  handsome  tree,  and  when  seen  with  the  sun 
shining  on  the  wet  leaves  after  a  shower,  the  ert'ect  is 
very  lovely.  It  is  a  little  tender  when  young,  but 
when  once  established  grows  freely.  It  prefers  a 
rich  loamy  soil,  and  when  planted  under  suitable 
circumstances  forms  timber  rapidly,  the  timber  being 
of  good  quality  for  ordinary  carpenter's  purposes. 
Both  as  an  ornamental  and  as  a  timber  tree  it  will, 
Iiowever,  in  this  country  probably  be  surpassed  by 
the  N0ED5IANN  I'ir,  Abies  Nordmanniana. 

The  Ghent  Quinquennial,— The  provisional 
programme  of  the  competition  classes  for  this  im- 
portant exhibition,  to  he  held  towards  the  end  of 
April  next,  has  just  been  issued.  The  classes  are 
grouped  under  sixteen  sections,  comprising  all 
departments  of  horticulture.  Those  desirous  of 
obtaining  information  concerning  this  cosmopolitan 
exhibition  should  write  for  particulars  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  SocietB  Royale  d'Agriculture  et  do 
Botanique  de  Claud. 

The    "  Kew    Bulletin."— The  last  number 

contains  an  article  on  the  culture  and  jaeparation 
of  Anuatto.  The  plant,  Bixa  orellana,  may  be  grown 
in  most  tropical  countries.  The  crushed  seeds  are 
the  parts  used  to  form  the  dye,  the  chief  use  of 
which  is  for  colouring  cheese  and  butter.  A  list  of 
economic  plants  cultivated  at  Dominica  by  the  late 
Dr.  Imkay  and  Dr.  Nicholls  is  given. 

Moore  Memorial.  —  Those  gentlemen   who 

have  not  yet  furnished  their  promised  subscriptions 
are  requested  to  send  them  without  delay  to  Mr. 
Harry  3.  Veitch,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  or  to  Dr. 
Mastees,  at  the  office  of  this  journal.  The  memorial 
is  erected  in  the  Brompton  Cemetery  as  mentioned 
in  our  last  issue.  In  addition  to  the  subscriptions 
previously  announced,  we  are  requested  to  mention 
those  of  James  Mackintosh,  Esq.,  J.  G.  Baker,  Esq., 
and  Bhcce  Fisdlay,  Esq. 

HOOKER'S  "  ICONES  PLANTARUM."— The  last 
number  completes  the  sixteenth  volume,  and  com- 
]irises  twi-Uty-four  lithographic  illustrations  of  plants, 
chiefly  of  scientific  interest.  The  curious  Snake- 
nut  of  British  Guiana  is  figured  for  the  first  time  in 
its  entirety.  Trapella  sinensis  is  a  very  extraordi- 
nary plant,  with  the  habit  of  a  Trapa  or  an  Onagrad, 
and  a  fruit  like  that  of  Martynia  or  Harpagophytum. 
It  is  a  native  of  Central  China,  and  the  internal 
construction  of  the  flower  induces  Professor  Oliver, 
who  describes  it,  to  place  it  in  Pedaliaceic  as  an 
aberrant  member.  Chimonanthus  nitens  is  a  second 
species  of  a  genus  long  regarded  as  monotypic,  the 
well-known  species  C.  fragans  beinga  native  of  .lapan. 

"  Illustrations    of   British    Fungi."— Dr. 

C.  M.  Cooke  has  just  issued,  through  Messrs. 
Williams  &  Norgate,  the  forty-ninth  part  of  his 
very  serviceable  IlUt-iii  rat  ions  of  British  Fungi  the 
plants  of  which  now  number  782. 

Phylloxera  on  the  Oak.— A  correspondent 
has  sent  us  some  leaves  of  an  Oak  spotted  on  the 
u]iper  surfaces  with  small  colourless  circular  patches. 
On  examining  the  under  surface  of  a  leaf  it  was 
found  covered  with  Phylloxera  in  various  stages, 
like  those  of  the  Vine,  but  abundantly  different,  and 
not  producing  the  curious  galls  on  root  and  leaf 
which  the  Vine-louse  does.  Mr.  McLachlan  informs 
us  that  the  species  is  Phylloxera  punctata. 


Metropolitan   Board   of   Works.— From 

the  report  for  ISSG,  recently  issued,  it  appears  that 
the  parks,  commons,  and  open  spaces  now  under  the 
control  of  the  Board  are  as  follows ;  - 

A.-r.-^. 

Fiiisbury  Park !!."> 

SouthWiirk  Park            63 

Gardens  on  the  Victoria,  Albert.  an<l  Chelsea  Embank- 
ments ami  in  Leicester  Square      H 

niackl.eath          267 

Hampatead  Heath         2W 

Shepherd's  Eu9h  Common       8 

Loudon  Fields     ...        -Gjs 

Hackney  Downs 41$ 

Wells  Street  Common 20^ 

North  Mill  Field            (  .-j. 

South  Mill  Field            <  " 

Clapton  Common           7^ 

Stolie  Newington  Common      .^'j 

Tooting  Beck  Common             Hi 

Tooting  Graveney  Common 6.1 

Clapliam  Common         220 

Bostal  Heath       55 

Plumstead  Common      KK) 

Shoulder-of-Mutton  Green      5 

Wormwood  Scrubs        Ui:J 

Eel  Brook  Common       14 

Parson's  Green 4 

Brook  Green        ...  7 

Peckliam  Rye      ...  64 

Nunhead  Green IJ 

Streatham  Common      la^ 

Highbury  Fields 2.Ji 

Dulwiih  Park      73' 


About3squaremiles.  Weare  strongly  of  opinion  th.it 
under  existing  circumstances  it  is  now  more  desirable 
to  maintain  or  create  a  large  number  of  small  areas, 
scattered  here  and  there  in  crowded  localities  of  our 
large  towns,  than  to  form  larger  parks  in  the  suburbs. 

Mildew.— Sulphate  of  copper  is  being  largely 
used  both  in  America  and  in  France  against  mildew 
in  ^'ines.  It  is  even  suggested  as  a  remedy  for 
Potato  mildew,  but  as  this  grows  in  the  interior  of 
the  plant  it  is  difficult  to  see  that  it  can  effect  ranch 
good.  Amongst  several  methods  of  applying  the 
copper  solution  the  simplest  is  to  dissolve  I  lb.  of 
pure  sulphate  of  copper  in  25  gals,  of  water.  Spray 
the  Vines  with  a  force-pump  with  a  nozzle  of  fine 
aperture.  The  addition  of  one  pint  of  ammonia  to  the 
above  solution  adds  to  the  effect.  By  ammonia  we 
presume  a  solution  of  the  carbonate  is  intended. 

The  Production  of  Camphor  in  Taiw/au. 
— In  a  report  from  Taiwan,  China,  it  is  stated  that 
there  was  formerly  a  fair  trade  done  in  camphor  at 
that  place  ;  but  of  late  years  the  export  has  almost 
entirely  ceased,  in  consequence  of  the  risky  nature 
of  the  trade.  The  camphor  is  so  b.adly  prepared, 
and  is  adulterated  to  such  an  extent,  that  the  loss  in 
weight  is  excessive,  and  unless  the  cost  price  is  ex- 
tremely low  there  is  little  temptation  to  engage  in 
the  business.  The  possible  supply  is  practically 
unlimited,  but  the  inferior  quality  as  compared  with 
Jajian  camphor  prevents  any  great  demand  for  it  in 
Hong-Kong,  the  only  market  at  present  for  Formosa 
camphor.  In  1885  a  foreign  firm  at  Taiwan  made 
an  attempt  to  revive  the  trade.  Contracts  were 
entered  into  at  a  price  that,  in  view  of  the  then  state 
of  the  Hong-Kong  market,  promised  to  show  a  hand- 
some profit.  In  May,  1886,  however,  a  proclamation 
was  issued  by  the  Governor  of  the  island  annoimcing 
that  the  Government  monopoly  iu  camphor,  wdiich 
was  abolished  in  1868,  had  been  revived,  in  order  to 
defray  the  expenses  consequent  on  the  attemjits 
made  to  subdue  aud  civilise  the  aborigines.  The 
camphor  already  produced  and  stored  in  the  interior, 
awaiting  a  favourable  opportunity  for  sending  it 
down  to  the  port  for  shipment,  was  seized  by  the 
Chinese  authorities,  notwithstanding  its  being 
covered  by  a  transit  pass,  and  since  the  date  of  the 
issue  of  the  proclamation  not  a  single  tub  of  cam- 
phor has  found  its  way  to  the  port.  In  the  mean- 
time the  monopoly  has  not  jirovcd  so  profitable  to 
the  Government  as  was  anticipated.  The  fixed  rate 
offered  is  much  below  that  which  foreign  merchants 
are  prepared  to  pay,  and  the  result  of  the  Governor's 
action  has,  so  far,  been  simply  to  nip  the  reviving 


An.r-r  0,  18S7.] 


THE     GA  BDEXEJiS'     CHB  0  NI CL  E. 


167 


trade  in  the  bud,  without  improving  liis  rovoaufs  in 
the  slightest  degn.-e. 

A  Striking  Flower  Bed.— In  the  Botanical 
Garden  at  Manchester  ^Ir.  Findlay  has  two  large 
beds  of  the  Kauunculus  IVIarigold  Meteor,  mingled 
with  Phlox  Uruniinondi,  with  an  outer  edging  of 
Verbenas  and  one  of  the  hardy  variegated  grasses. 
Each  of  these  forms  a  centre  in  a  segment  of  the 
tiower  gardens.  They  are  very  imposing  in  appear- 
ance, and  very  striking,  and  though  the  JIarigold 
seeds  freely,  it  is  yet  vi*iy  profuse  of  bloom  . 

Apple  Crop  in  Canada.— The  Canadian  cor- 
respondent of  the  LUrrpool  Jonnml  of  Coiniiicnr 
says : — It  appears  that  the  Apple  crop  in  Canada 
promises  to  be  a  good  one.  Ontario  has  not  suffered 
seriously  from  the  drought  which  has  been  so  dis- 
astrous in  the  United  States,  and  the  crops,  as  a 
rule,  are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  All  kinds  of 
fruit  are  generally  reported  to  be  abundant  in  the 
province,  and  with  a  favourable  harvest  the  farmers 
will  have  little  to  complain  of  except  low  prices. 

Newcastle    Flower   Show.— The   show  is 

arranged  to  be   held   on   Wednesday   and  the   two 
following  days,  August  31,  September  1  and  L'. 

Cinchonas  in  Java.— Consul  McXeill  report- 
ing on  the  trade  and  commerce  of  the  island  of  Java, 
says  that  the  area  of  land  ])lanted  with  Cinchona  on 
private  account  is  estimated  at  21,000  acres,  and  the 
number  of  trees  at  30,000,000,  of  which  about 
14,000,000  are  of  C.  succirubra.  The  crop  for  the 
present  year  was  estimated  at  the  time  of  writing  at 
1,433,250  lb.  The  average  proportion  of  sulphate 
extracted  from  the  bark  is  estimated  at  about  3  per 
cent.  In  1883,  the  last  year  for  which  returns  are  avail- 
able of  this  area  of  land  planted  by  the  Government, 
it  w.as  177S  acres,  At  the  end  of  1.8S6  the  statistics 
of  the  Government  estates  were  as  follows  : — 

Plauts  ill  the  imrseries  :— 

IMants  in  the  open  ground  : — 

Ledgeriana 

Calisaya  and  Hasskarliaim 

succirubra  aud  faloptera 

ofliciualis 

laiicifolia      


I.tl.'i.llOO 
075,000 

826,700 
56,000 
573.000 
225,003 


Narborough,  Enderby,  and  District  Hor- 
ticultural Society.— The  annual  meeting  of 
this  Society  was  held  on  Monday,  August  1,  and, 
taking  the  season  into  account,  the  exhibition  was  a 
very  good  one.  In  the  cottagers'  class  the  exhibits 
were  of  average  merit,  though  the  Potatos  were  veiv 
much  smaller  than  in  former  years.  The  amateur's 
and  gentlemen's  gardeners'  classes  were  very  full,  and 
showed  great  merit.  Mr.  Davis,  gardener  to  Captain 
DacMiiOND  ;  Mr.  J.  Exton,  gardener  at  Narborough 
Ilall ;  and  Mr.  Claree,  florist,  of  Narborough,  showed 
well,  and  also  staged  some  fine  plants  for  noncom- 
petition. The  Roses  were  below  average.  The 
extra  prizes  fell  to  Messrs.  Peuktns  &  Sons,  of 
Coventry,  for  thirty-six  blooms,  and  Mr.  Clarke  for 
twelve  Teas.  Tiie  Rev.  '\V.  Langley,  Rector  of 
Narborough,  and  the  Rev.  Wji.  IIvnde.  Vicar  of 
Costy,  were  also  successful  for  twenty-four  blooms 
and  eighteen.  Mr.  Beal,  of  Leceister,  staged  some 
excellent  Picotees  and  Carnations.  Financially  the 
meeting  was  a  success. 

Peter    Lawson   &   Son    (Limited).  —  The 

directors,  i-eporting  to  the  shareholders  the  results 
of  the  company's  business  during  the  year  ending 
.Tune  30  last,  state  that  after  providing  the  sum  of 
£970  for  discounts,  abatements,  &c.,  the  accounts 
show  a  surplus  for  the  past  year  of  £1028  15.^'.  Id., 
which,  with  £5386  4.s.  \ld.  brought  forward  from 
last  balance,  leaves  £0415  Os.  Qid.  at  the  disposal  of 
the  directors,  out  of  which  it  is  proposed  to  pay  a 
dividend  of  74  per  cent,  per  annum  on  the  paid-up 
capital,  free  of  income-tax,  p,'iyable'on  September  1 
next;  this  will  absorb  the  sum' of  £1312  Ws.;  and  it 
is  further  proposed  to  place  £2500  to  a  reserve  fund, 


and  carryforward  the  balance,  viz.,  £2602  lOf.  0<?.,  to 
next  year's  account.  The  directors  who  pow  retire 
are  Mr.  M'Culloch  and  Mr.  Tatlob. 

Trade  Notice.— Mr.  T.  Hakphmi,  horticul- 
tural decorator,  &c.,  of  107,  Church  Street,  Edgware 
Road,  London,  N.W.,  has  taken  into  partnership  Mr. 
Alfred  Howes,  and  the  firm  \s\\\  in  future  be  known 
as  Hahpam  &  Howes. 


Notices  of  Books. 

All  about   Indiarubber  and  Gutta-percha. 

Compiled  by  A.  M.  and  .J.  Ferguson.    (London  : 
John  Iladdon  &  Co.,  Bouverie  Street.) 

"While  it  is  very  convenient  to  have  between  one 
pair  of  boards  so  full  an  account  of  indiarubber  and 
analogous  products,  we  could  have  wished  that  the 
compilers  had  not  told  all  about  indiarubber,  but  had 
made  a  judicious  selection  from  the  materials  at  their 
disposal.  They  have  been  most  industrious  in  their 
compilation,  most  honest  in  acknowledging  the  sources 
whence  they  have  derived  their  information,  but 
they  have  scarcely  been  careful  enough  in  estimating 
the  value  of  what  they  have  amassed.  After  all 
there  is  nothing  particular  in  that — every  one  who  has 
to  deal  with  a  mixed  mass  of  information  is  liable  to 
fall  into  a  similar  error:  Darwin  did  so  notably.  To 
give  an  illustration  of  our  meaning,  we  may  mention 
the  paragraph  on  p.  181,  as  to  the  organisation  of 
indiarubber  in  the  human  body.  A  statement  like 
this  on  the  authority  of  "  Professor  Vanlair  of 
France,"  should  not  have  been  allowed  insertion 
without  a  caution  or  a  large-sized  ?  In  itself  this  is 
a  minor  matter,  but  it  confirms  some  practical  men, 
who  already  look  askance  on  books,  in  their  opinion 
that  printed  information  is  of  as  little  value  as  the 
paper  on  which  it  is  written.  The  index  might  well 
liave  been  fuller,  as  it  is  ditficult  with  the  present  one 
to  find  what  one  is  in  search  of.  We  miss  any  re- 
ference to  the  valuable  information  on  rubber-pro- 
ducing plants  comprised  in  the  annual  reports  of  the 
progress  and  condition  of  the  Royal  Garden,  Kew, 
now  unfortunately  discontinued. 


Life  of  Charles  Darwin.  By  G.  T.  Bettany. 
(Walter  Scott,  Warwick  Lane.) 
Tins  is  a  very  readable  and  accui'ate  summary  of 
the  principal  events  of  Darwin's  life,  with  notices  of 
his  principal  books,  their  inception,  and  develop- 
ment. The  story  has  been  often  told,  but  none  the 
less,  while  we  are  awaiting  the  complete  monograph, 
which  is  in  course  of  preparation  by  Dr.  Francis 
Darwin,  this  unpretending  sketch  may  be  welcome 
to  many.  Some  foot  notes  show  that  the  author 
and  Mr.  Grant  Allen  are  not  quite  of  one  mind  with 
reference  to  some  subjects — a  circumstance  which 
readers  of  Mr.  Grant  Allen's  brilliant  but  unsatisfac- 
tory lucubrations  will  not  altogether  be  surprised  at 


Handbook  of  the  Fern  Allies  :  a  Sipiopsis  of 

the  Genera  and  Species  of  Eqtiisetaee{e,  Lycopo- 
diacea,  SelagbwUaccm,  and  jR]nzocarpe<e.  By 
J.  G.  Baker,  F.R.S.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
The  title  of  this  book  is  sufficiently  explanatory. 
It  is  one  of  those  laborious  technical  works  which  are 
extremely  useful  to  the  student,  but  for  which  he  is 
rarely  sufficiently  grateful.  It  is  planned  on  the  same 
lines  as  the  Species  Filicum,  and  with  it  completes 
the  systematic  enumeration  of  the  vascular  Crypto- 
gams of  the  whole  world.  Twenty  species  of  Equi- 
setum  are  registered,  described  and  authenticated ; 
ninety-four  species  of  Lycopodium,  334  species  of 
Selaginella,  forty-nine  species  of  Isoetes,  forty  of 
Marsilia,  besides  the  smaller  genera,  including  only 
four  or  five  species  each.  References  to  the  litera- 
ture are  given,  but  no  attempt  is  made  to  trace  the 
genetic  relations  of  the  whole  group,  their  connection 
with  the  Couiferai,  nor  to  deal  with  the  fossil  species 
referred  to  it.     Such  information  must  be  sought  in 


modern  textbooks.  Jlr.  Baker's  work  is  strictly 
limited  to  the  formation  of  an  ample  desciiptive 
catalogue,  and  his  name  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  of 
the  way  in  which  he  has  executed  his  task.  The 
fact  that  there  was  previously  no  such  complete  list 
conveniently  accessible  makes  Mr.  Baker's  new  book 
the  more  valuable. 


A    School    Flora  :   for   the    I'se   of  Elementary 
Botanical  Cla.^ses.    By  W.  Marshall' Watts,  D.Sc. 
(Uivingtons.) 
A  very  simple  and  useful  little  book,  which  will 
enable  the  pupil  with  but  little  aid  from  a  master  to 
ascertain  the  name  and  botanical  status  of  our  com- 
mon wild  plants.     It  is  carefully  printed,  with  few 
errors,  and  is  altogether  creditable  to  author  and 
printer. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Bosh  Fuorrs. — As  these  become  cleared  of  their 
fruits  the  nets  should  be  removed  and  stored  awav. 
See  that  late  varieties  of  red  and  white  Currants  are 
properly  secured  from  birds.  Such  fine  varieties  as 
Raby  Castle  and  Cherry  Red  will  keep  in  good  con- 
dition till  late  into  the  autumn  if  properly  secured. 
The  weeds  that  may  have  accumulated  amongst  the 
bushes  during  the  busy  time  of  fruit  gathering  should 
now  be  cleared  off,  and  the  fruit  quarters  be  made 
thoroughly  clean. 

Early  Apples  and.  Pears. — Early  dessert  varieties  of 
Apples,  such  as  Early  Red  M.argaret,  Irish  Peach, 
and  Red  Astrachan,  are  best  gathered  direct  from 
the  trees  for  dessert  purposes.  For  culinary  purposes 
fruit  of  Lord  Suffield  may  now  be  used.  In  gathering, 
a  few  should  be  taken  from  every  part  of  the  tree, 
which  will  thereby  be  enabled  to  develope  the  re- 
mainder to  a  large  size.  Early  varieties  of  Pears  in 
warm  positions  on  walls  will  soon  be  fit  for  gathering. 
Fruits  of  Doyenne  d'Eto  from  a  tree  on  a  west  ivall 
are  now  ripe  with  us  (August  1).  A  few  dozen  of 
fruits  of  Jargonelle  may  now  be  gathered;  in  most 
gardens  a  few  trees  of  each  variety  are  grown  on 
various  aspects,  and  by  this  means  the  supply  can  be 
greatly  lengthened  out  by  gathering  a  few  dozen  at  a 
time,  according  to  requirements,  taking  the  most 
forward  from  every  part  of  the  trees,  and  place  on 
the  shelves  in  the  fruit-room  till  ready  for  use.  Trees 
of  Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  also  grown  on  various 
aspects,  will  follow  up  the  Jargonelles  for  supply. 
7?.  ]yard,  Hewell,  Bromsgroce. 


DISEASE    OF    TOMATOS. 

(Dactylu'M  eoseum  {Berk.)  vah.) 
DcHiSG  the  last  five  or  six  years  Toinatos,  both 
under  glass  and  in  the  open  air,  have  been  e.xten- 
sively  destroyed  by  the  common  fungus  named 
Dactylium  roseum,  Berkeley.  This  fungus  almost 
invariably  grows  upon  decaying  plants,  and  it  has 
not  hitherto,  as  far  as  I  know,  been  credited  with 
the  power  of  leading  a  parasitic  life  upon  living 
plants,  yet  the  present  evidence  seems  incontro- 
vertible that  Dactylium  roseum  can  not  only  live 
as  a  true  parasite,  but  can  destroy  Tomato  plants 
with  a  certainty  and  rapidity  only  equalled  by  Peron- 
ospora  infestans  itself. 

The  summer  never  passes  now  but  several  corre- 
spondents complain  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  that 
their  entire  stock  of  Tomato  plants  has  been  swept 
ofi'  by  a  mystei'ious  and  overwhelming  attack  of  a  very 
pale  rose-coloured  or  very  pale  carnation-tinted  mil- 
dew. This  mildew  grows  on  both  sides  of  the  leaves, 
and  in  bad  cases  the  leaves  show  a  colour  more  like 
the  palest  pink  coral  than  gi-een ;  the  affected 
leaves  become  distorted,  and  then  rapidly  rot,  the 
end,  of  course,  being  the  total  destruction  of  the 
plants.  It  is  usual  in  plant  diseases  to  receive  a 
single  leaf  from  correspondents,  but  in  the  case 
under  description  I  have  two  or  three  times  received 
hampers  full  of  these  white  or  pink-tinted  and  stink- 
ing leaves. 

This  virulent  form  of  Tomato  disease  may  not  be 
widely  spread  ;  I  have  not  at  present  received  suiS- 


1G8 


THE     GARDENEBS'     GIIBONICLE. 


[AcocsT  0,  1887. 


cient  data  to  form  a  conclusion.  The  fact,  however, 
remains,  that  many  correspondents'have  sent  Tomato 
foliage  to  the  Gardmcrs'  Chronide  office,  and  to  me 
direct,  in  the  condition  above  described. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (fig.  40)  represents 
this  whitish-rose  coloured  mildew  of  Tomatos,  en- 
larged 400  diameters.  I  take  it  to  be  without  doubt 
an  aberrant  form  of  the  common  Dactylium  roseum. 
I  know  as  well  as  any  one  that  the  illustration  does 
not  look  much  like  D.  roseum  :  it  does  not  well  .agree 
with  the  "  stock  "  descriptions  or  the  "  stock  "  illus- 
trations, and  I  confess  tliat  it  does  not  well  agree 
with  the  typical  living  D.  roseum  itself.  Still,  I 
think  this  Tomato  fungus  can  be  no  other  than  tiie 
one  to  which  I  have  referred  it.  It  is  an  aberrant 
variety  differing  from  the  type  in  form  and  more 
especially  in  its  parasitic  habit:  the  latter  is 
certainly  remarkable.  Some  observers  would,  no 
doubt,  be  inclined  to  look  upon  this  fungus  as  a  new 
species,  but  my  dislike  to  new  species  of  fungi  is  so 
strong  (not  one  described  fungus  in  twenty  being 
worthy  of  specific  rank),  that  I  should  indeed  be  very 
sorry  to  suggest  a  new  name. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  describe  the  illustration  ; 
an  enormous  abundance  of  short  colourless  fungus 
stems  start  from  a  densely  compacted  stratum  of 
thick  spawn  threads.  The  fungus  stems  support 
numerous  veri'  pale  rose-coloured  spores  of  diverse 
sizes ;  the  shape,  however,  always  remains  per- 
manent. The  spores  may  be  simple  (or  undivided), 
or  divided  with  from  one  to  three  partitions  ;  seven 
spores  of  different  sizes  and  differently  divided  are 
seen  on  the  right-hand  side  of  the  illustration  ;  they 
exhibit  quite  enough  diversity  for  seven  different 
species,  according  to  some  authors.  The  spores  ger- 
minate as  illustrated  at  A  D  c,  often  whilst  still 
attached  to  their  mother  threads. 

It  would  seem  that  under  ordinary  conditions 
Dactylium  roseum  is  content  to  lead  a  non-parasitic 
life  on  decaying  vegetation  ;  but  under  special  con- 
ditions it  is  able  to  e.xalt  itself  to  the  status  of  a 
true  and  voracious  parasite.  Dactylium  is  probably 
a  mere  imperfect  form  of  some  other  fungus,  pro- 
bably one  of  the  Sphariaceic. 

In  the  Gardeners'  Clironick  for  November  12, 18S1, 
p.  G20,  Mr.  C.  B.  Plowright  has  described  and  illus- 
trated a  parasitic  Dactylium  on  Tomatos,  under  the 
name  of  D.  lycopersici.  It  is  said  rarely  to  attack 
Tomatos,  and  to  commence  growth  upon  the  base  of 
the  fruit  near  the  stalk.  The  spores  are  said  to  be 
produced  in  threes  upon  the  terminal  extremities 
of  their  supporting  stems.  Mr.  Plowright  has  un- 
fortunately given  no  scale  to  his  illustration.  I  have 
never  seen  the  fungus  described  by  me  produce  its 
spores  in  terminal  growths  of  threes,  or  seen  it  on 
the  fruit  of  Tomato  plants.  I  have  forwarded  an 
example  of  the  fungus  I  have  here  described  to  Mr. 
Plowright,  and  he  considers  it  to  be  different  from 
his  D.  lycopersici. 

Whether  sulphiu-  will  keep  the  fungus  within 
bounds  in  greenhouses  experience  must  decide. 
Parasitic  fungi  are  always  difficult  to  reach,  whether 
indoors  or  out.  Out-of-doors  it  seems  at  present 
almost  impossible  to  stay  their  ravages.  IVortliiiinloa 
G.  S,iiit/i.  Diinstahh. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM  HARRYANUJI. 

This  very  distinct  and  effective  Odontoglossum 
(fig.  41)  was  imported  by  Messrs.  Horsmann  &  Co., 
Colchester,  from  whom  the  stock  was  acquired  bv 
Messrs.  3.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  and  it  was  named 
by  Prof  Reichenbacli  in  honour  of  Mr.  Harry 
Veitch,  as  being  the  most  remarkable  novelty  which 
the  Professor  had  obtained  from  the  firm  during  the 
last  twenty  years.  Such  was  the  opinion  expressed 
by  Prof  Reichenbach  in  our  columns  (October  16, 
1886,  p.  486)  when  the  description  of  the  plant  was 
made  public.  The  sjiecimen  from  which  the  illus- 
tration now  presented  (o  our  readers  was  taken  was 
exhibited  at  the  last  meeting  of  the  Koyal  Horti- 
cultural Society  by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  St.  Albans,  two 
plants  being  shown,  when  a  First-class  Certificate 
was  awarded  to  it.  The  figure,  which  is  natural  size, 
gives  a  good  representation  of  this  flower.  The 
sepals  «re  trown,  with  transverse   greenish-yellow 


lines.  Tile  petals  are  similar  in  colour,  and  project 
straight  ijorward.  The  lip  is  very  large,  divided 
across  the  middle  into  two  pieces,  the  one  pure 
white,  the  other  brownish-lake,  with  bright  yellow 
fringe-like  crests.  In  habit  and  form  the  plant 
much  resembles  O.  luteo-purpureum.  This  is  a 
valuable  addition  to  cool  Orchids,  and  we  expect  it 
will  become  a  great  favourite  among  growers  of 
Orcliids  for  its  striking  form  and  singular  combina- 
tion of  colours. 


Home  Correspondence. 


THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— Wliile 
thanking  you  for  your  sympathetic  notice  of  my 
letter  to  the  President  of  "the  Royal  Hoiticultural 
Society,  may  I  ask  you  to  let  me  explain  why  I  wrote 
it,  and  why  I  "  ignored  "  the  financial  question  ?  It  is 
very  clear  that  the  Society  cannot  go  on  unless  its 
friends  put  their  hands  in  their  pockets  and  give  it  a 
fresh  financial  start.  I  do  not  see  how  any  one  can 
be  asked  either  to  give  or  to  guarantee,  until  it  is 
known  what  the  Society  proposes  to  do.  Since  no 
one  else  seemed  ready  to  undertake  the  task,  I  ven- 
tured in  the  letter  in  question  to  sketcli  out  a  "  pro- 
gi-amme  "  for  the  Society's  work  in  the  future.  No 
one  knows  better  than  1  do  the  shortcomings  of  that 


cr9;.'3"'v±2r: 

Fig.  to.— dactylium  iiosf.u:\i:  tomato  disease 


programme  ;  I  only  put  it  forward  as  a  feeler  in  the 
hope  that  either  it  in  an  improved  form,  or  some 
other  programme,  might  be  accepted  by  horticulturists 
as  a  basis  for  the  renovated  Society.  When  an 
acceptable  programme  is  determined  on,  an  appeal 
may  be  made  for  funds,  and  I  am  assured  that  such  an 
appeal  will  not  be  made  in  vain.  But  it  is  surely  use- 
less end  indeed  it  would  be  wrong  to  make  an  appeal 
for  funds  without  a  definite  plan  in  view.  That  is  why 
I  limited  myself  to  starting  a  plan,  and  said  nothing 
about  funds.  M.  Foster.  [Other  letters  on  this  sub- 
ject are  postponed.  Ed.]. 

WATERING  OF  PLANTS.— The  importance  of  this 
subject  is  fully  sliown  by  the  earnestness  with  which  it 
is  taken  up  by  practical  gardeners.  Mr.  S.  Heaton, 
in  last  week's  issue,  brings  us  to  the  consideration 
of  another  branch  of  watering — namely,  that  of 
indoor  watering,  which  is  equally  important  with 
that  of  outdoor  watering,  but  the  features  are  dif- 
ferent, because  in  the  case  of  glasshouses  we  have 
the  control  both  of  heat  and  moisture.  I  think  S. 
Heaton  somewhat  overstates  his  case,  for  I  never 
even  hinted  that  it  was  impossible  for  plants  to  live 
under  the  system  of  evening  watering  ;  such  a  state- 
ment would  be  far  from  correct,  for  we  have  contra- 
dictory evidence  of  this  every  day.  But  tliere  must 
be  a  right  and  a  ivrong  way  of  going  to  work,  and 
what  we  wish  to  arrive  at  from  practical  men  is  the 
best  time  of  day  and  the  best  method  of  application 
of  artificial  watering.  S.  Heaton  says  he  finds  "  not 
one  iota  of  difference  with  indoor  plants  (Cucumbers), 
whether  he  waters  in  the  morning  or  evening."  I 
imagine  feiy  would  doubt  this,  because,  a«  I' have 


said,  we  have  with  all  the  better  constructed  glass- 
houses complete  control  both  of  the  heat  and  the 
moisture.  On  the  other  hand,  his  statement  that 
he  gets  "  equally  good  results "  whether  he  uses 
tepid  or  cold  water,  I  certainly  think  is  open  to  con- 
siderable doubt.  But  what'  does  he  intend  his 
readers  to  understand  by  "  cold  "  water  ?  Surely 
he  would  not  use  freshly  drawn  cold  well  water 
or  rain-water  from  a  cold  underground  tank,  or 
cold  spring  water  drawn  direct  from  a  water 
company's  main,  and  employ  it  at  once  to  his 
Cucumber  plants  and  yet  get  good  returns!  I 
have  seen  such  a  practice  followed,  with  the  result 
that  three- fourths  of  the  blooms  of  the  jjlants  to 
which  such  water  was  applied  dropped  off.  Put 
cold  spring  water  on  to  French  Beans  in  full 
Hower  and  then  watch  the  result.  How  often  do  we 
hear  such  remarks  as  "  Half  my  Peach  blooms 
have  fallen  off,"  "I  have  lost  my  best  blooms  of 
such  or  such  a  plant,"  and  the  like ;  and  this  mis- 
fortune is  put  down  to  a  bad  season  or  to  "  my  cursed 
luck,"  whereas  in  too  many  cases  we  fear  the  gar- 
dener himself  or  his  inexperienced  assistant,  might  be 
credited  with  the  mischief  There  is  too  much  hap- 
hazard work  among  English  farmers,  cheese  and 
butter  manufacturers,  and  may  we  not  say  among  the 
English  horticulturists?  Hence  the  more  methodical 
foreigner  cuts  us  out  of  the  market.  In  all  the  better 
establishments  everything  is  done  by  method  and  rale, 
aided  by  suitable  instruments ;  nothing  is  left  to 
chance,  consequently  a  more  constantly  good  return 
is  the  result,  and  failure  is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 
I  would  advise  that  the  temperature  of  the  water 
(determined  by  thermometer)  to  be  used  in  a  glass- 
house be  as  nearly  as  posssible  of  the  same 
warmth  as  the  atmosphere  of  the  house  itself. 
It  may  not  be  out  of  place  to  call  attention  to  some 
carefully  conducted  experiments  upon  tliis  subject  by 
Professor  J.  Wiessner,  who  found  "  that  moistened 
leaves  of  plants  transpire  much  more  freely  than 
when  they  are  in  a  dry  condition,  and  therefore  that 
a  larger  quantity  of  water  is  then  withdrawn  from 
the  soil  by  the  roots  of  the  growing  plants."  From 
this  fact  the  Professor  argues  that  plants  should  not 
be  watered  on  the  leaf  unless  the  soil  is  likewise 
moist.  The  small  amount  of  extra  transpiration  in- 
duced by  dew,  he  thinks,  can  do  no  harm,  as  it  is 
almost  certain  that  the  ground  will  at  the  same  time 
be  sufficiently  moist  to  supply  to  the  growing  plants 
the  requisite  quantity  of  water.  The  action  of  rain- 
water, whether  naturiiUy  or  artificially  applied,  was 
proved  to  be  by  far  the  most  beneficial  to  the  grow- 
ing plants,  as  by  its  aid  the  solubility  of  plant-food 
becomes  the  most  rapid.  J,  J.  W, 

HABITS  OF  DELPHINIUMS.— The  interesting  con- 
tributions of  Dr.  Bonavia  to  this  paper  have  lately 
shown  us  with  what  care  he  has  studied  the  structure 
of  the  Delphinium,  as  also  the  impregnating  qualities 
of  the  bee  with  regard  to  this  noble  flower.  I 
wonder  if  Dr.  Bonavia  has  ever  observed  the  pecu- 
liarity the  Delphinium  has  of  ever  preserving  the  seed- 
pods  upright,  and  whether  he  or  any  other  observer 
has  noticed  this  property  in  any  other  plant.  I  have 
seen  a  spike  of  the  seed-pods  of  the  Delphinium 
broken,  and  lying  horizontally,  and  the  pods, 
formerly  parallel  to  the  stem,  had  now  regained 
their  upright  posture.  Only  this  afternoon  I  noticed 
that  one  spike  was  lying  broken  with  the  point  to 
the  ground,  and  each  section  of  the  seed-pods  twisted 
in  such  a  manner  that  no  seed  could  fall  out. 
Whether  this  was  the  normal  sliape  of  the  seed-pods 
of  the  plant  in  question  I  cannot  determine,  but  I 
rather  think  not.  Adolcscciis. 

SCARLET  WILD  FLOWERS.— In  the  last  edition 
of  Miss  C.  M.  Younge's  Ilerh  nf  the  FieJd,  there  is  an 
allusion  (p.  182)  to  the  Pimpernel  as  "  one  of  the 
three  scarlet  flowers  of  sober  England."  Can  you 
inform  me  which  are  the  other  two  ?  The  common 
Poppv  is  one,  if  it  be  truly  indigenous.  Leirion. 
[Adonis  autumnalis,  a  naturalised  subject,  is  a 
third.  Centranthus  ruber,  Trifolium  incarnatum,  and 
tlie  Saintfoin,  approximate  to  scarlet.  Ed.]. 

ROSES  AT  PETERBOROUGH.— At  the  Eastgate 
Nurseries,  Peterborough,  Mr.  John  House  has  a 
large  house,  which  some  years  ago  he  planted  with 
Roses,  and  from  which  he  each  season  gets  enormous 
crops  of  flower.  In  one  corner  there  is  a  truly  w-on- 
derful  plant  of  Tea  Rose  Climbing  Devoniensis  on 
its  own  roots,  planted  twelve  years'  since.  It  has 
nine  main,  almost  trunk-like  shoots,  and  it  covers  a 
large  portion  of  the  interior  of  the  roof  of  the  west 
side  of  the  house  in  which  it  is  planted.     From  this 


AuGusr  G,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEES'     CHRC^NICLE. 


1G9 


jilant  Mr.  House  gets  an  unexampled  quantity  of 
flowers  early  in  the  year.  In  addition  there  are  very 
fine  plants  of  Noisettes,  Marcchal  Niel,  La  Marque, 
and  William  Allen  Kichardson.  From  these  flowers 
are  had  soon  after  Christmas.  The  roots  appear  to 
have  got  away  a  considerable  distance  outside  of  the 
house,  for  the  gi'owth  is  free,  and  yet  the  plants  are 
highly  floriferous.  W.  A.  Kichardson  appears  to  be 
on  some  stock  that  induces  flowering  rather  than 
gross  wood,  though  it  makes  a  free  growth  and  blooms 
abundantly.  Sir.  House  states  that  W.  A.  Richard- 
son should  be  grown  u)ion  the  Brier,  except  in  the 
Fen  districts,  and  there  it  does  best  on  its  own  roots. 
When  on  its  own  roots  it  strikes  strong  tap-roots 
into  the  bog  soil  and  does  well,  but  when  on  the 
Brier  the  small  fibry  roots  put  forth  near  the  surface 
root  in  the  moist  bog  earth.  Mr.  House  appears  to 
be  of  opinion  that  there  are  in  cultivation  two  dis- 
tinct strains  of  W.  A.  Kichardson— one  much  better 


as  many  as  forty-five  blossoms.  It  is  by  nio  means 
a  diflicult  plant  to  cultivate  when  treated  as  a  cool 
greenhouse  plant,  using  as  a  compost  peiat,  loam, 
and  sand  in  about  equal  quantities.  Tiie  plant, 
when  subjected  to  a  high  temperature,  is  liable  to  be 
attacked  by  insect  pests.  What  a  fine  subject  this 
would  be  for  planting  out  in  a  well  prepared  border, 
and  allowed  to  grow  freely,  trained  either  against  a 
wall  or  up  a  pillar,  li.  1'. 

THE  QUALITY  OF  EARLY  POTATOS  THIS  YEAR. 
— I  commenced  to  use  Myatt's  Ashleaf  Kidney  on 
,Iune  9  in  a  warm  south  border,  and  since  then  have 
tried  in  succession  Carters  Eight  Weeks,  First  Crop 
Kidney,  Beauty  of  Hebron,  Fillbasket,  Flounders 
(always  a  heavy  cropper).  Pride  of  America,  Snow- 
flake,  Cosmopolitan,  and  Early  Rose.  I  have  others 
on  trial  from  various  quarters,  but  have  not  examined 
them.     The  soil  is  an  upland  loam  of  limestone  for- 


FlO.    41. — ODONTOGLOSSOM   HAEBVANUM.       (.SEE    P.    16.S.) 


in  all  respects  than  the  other.  He  has  the  last,  and 
he  states  it  originated  as  a  sport  from  the  other,  and 
the  improvement  having  been  noted,  it  was  propa- 
gated, and  so  made  permanent.  That  Mr.  House 
can  grow  this  Rose  to  perfection  both  within  and 
without  doors  there  can  be  no  doubt,  if.  D. 

EL/EOCARPUS   CYANEUS    (RETICULATUS  SYN.). 

— Nothing  I  have  seen  of  late  has  given  me  so  much 
pleasure  as  the  meeting  with  this  beautiful  New 
Holland  shrub  in  the  nursery  gardens  of  Messrs. 
Backhouse  &  Son,  York.  The  leaves  are  similar  in 
size  and  shape  to  those  of  the  Laurustinus.  Its 
chief  beauty,  however,  is  in  its  lovely  pure  white 
Lily-of-the- Valley-like  blossoms  (but  twice  the 
size),  which  are  charmingly  fringed  on  the  edge  of 
the  corolla,  reminding  one  in  this  respect  of  Solda- 
nella  aljiina.  The  flowers  are  produced  near  the 
e-xtremities  of  the  previous  year's  growth,  on  short 
one-sided  spikes.  So  freely  does  it  flower  that  on 
one  small  branchlet  I  counted  seven  spikes,  bearing 


mation,  fairly  manured  and  naturally  dryish.  The 
season  was  unusually  warm  and  almost  wholly  dry  ; 
under  these  circumstances  I  was  not  surprised  to 
find  the  tubers  comparatively  small,  but  am  very 
much  so,  to  find  the  quality  uniformly  below  the 
average.  Permit  me  to  ask  is  this  an  exceptional 
case  ?   W.  J.  Murphy,  Clonmel. 

EDUCATION,     TECHNICAL     AND     OTHER.— Your 

notice  of  a  speech  by  Sir  John  Lubbock,  wherein  he 
says  we  import  £150,000,000  worth  of  food,  should, 
as  you  justly  remark,  compel  attention.  I  am  con- 
vinced that  £100,000,000  worth  of  this  could  be 
easily  produced  at  home  if  a  protective  duty  were 
put  on  the  imports  of  the  foreign  producer  equal  to 
the  ta.xes  paid  by  the  home  producer.  It  will  be  said, 
"  Oh  !  but  he  pays  a  tax  in  his  own  country."  Yes, 
but  the  climate  he  produces  in  renders  his  competi- 
tion unfair  to  us  unless  he  pays  a  tax  on  the  produce 
he  sends  here  equal  to  the  benefit  he  derives  from 
the     extra    sun.shine    and   finer   climate  he  enjoys. 


I  am  one  of  those  sturdy  Englishmen  who, 
in  common  with  the  majority  of  our  race,  want 
no  unfair  kind  of  protection,  and  ask  none  against 
any  race  of  men,  but  let  us  have  fair  l)lay, 
and  we  need  not  fear  the  fair  competition  of  the 
world  ;  but  this  little  country  arrogates  to  itself  the 
brain-power  of  the  world  in  its  Free-trade  policy 
(or,  at  least,  some  portion  of  the  country),  for  it  seems 
strange  that  eight  out  of  ten  one  speaks  to  on  the  sub- 
ject of  free  importations  see  that  it  means  the  ruin  of 
English  industry.  I  fancy  I  see  the  wave  coming 
in  the  distance  that  will  sweep  away  this  unfair  com- 
jjetition.  It  is  contrary  to  all  Nature.  Self-preserva- 
tion is  the  first  law  of  Nature  ;  break  any  of  her 
laws  and  punishment  follows,  as  sure  as  the  night 
does  the  day.  Why,  the  common  insects  in  our 
gardens  teach  us  many  things  if  we  would  but  learn. 
The  bee  will  not  allow  the  stranger  of  another  brood 
to  eat  the  honey  out  of  her  hive,  the  ant  will  not 
liave  intruders  ;  even  the  common  sparrow  does  not 
like  a  stranger  biid  in  the  fiock  ;  let  but  a  hawk 
ai)pear,  and  the  sparrows  combine  for  common  pro- 
tection. Here  lies  the  cause  of  our  trades  unions, 
boycotting,  and  other  combinations.  Canada  has 
just  put  a  protective  duty  on  our  iron  (?).  The  bank- 
ruptcies of  our  farmers,  market  gardeners,  and 
florists  which  have  taken  place  within  the  last  five  or 
ten  years  indicate  the  presence  of  the  foreign  hawk. 
It  makes  me  psk  if  all  instinct  of  self  presen-ation  is 
departed  from  us  ?  If  not,  let  us  rally  round  one 
common  standard,  and  insist  on  fair  play.  Who  will 
carry  the  flag  into  the  first  action  ?  Why,  till  an 
abler  man,  and  one  willing  to  do  it,  steps  into  the 
breach,  I  will,  if  called  upon,  and  then  let  us  all 
follow  it  till  we  see  it  planted  firmly  in  our  midst. 
Let  any  man  figure  to  himself  what  £100,000,000 
of  money  means,  paid  annually  in  wages  to  our 
gardeners,  farm  labourers,  and  others  ;  these,  again, 
spending  it  witii  the  shopkeepers,  these  with  the 
manufacturers,  and  so  on.  The  waste  land  would 
smile  with  plenty,  and  no  complaining  in  our  streets; 
workhouses  and  jails  nearly  empty,  and  the  foreigner 
contributing  towards  our  taxation  according  to  the 
benefit  he  received  from  us.  Eilwd.  Collins. 

PORTLAND  CEMENT.  —  I  can  testify  to  the 
usefulness  of  this  material,  as  stated  in  reference  to 
repairing  woodwork  with  Portland  cement.  A  few 
weeks  ago  the  threshold  and  door  jambs  of  our  stoke- 
hole had  rotted  away.  The  builder  suggested  instead 
of  repairing  the  decayed  parts  with  Oak  to  repair  it 
all  with  cement ;  so  the  threshold  was  laid  with  very 
hard  white  bricks  in  Portland  cement,  and  a  scarf 
of  cement  was  put  to  the  jambs  in  the  way  Mr. 
Smy  the  described  some  time  ago.  In  a  couple  of  days 
it  had  set  as  hard  as  stone,  and  the  builder  assures 
us  that  it  will  last  as  long  as  new  timber  at  less  than 
half  the  trouble  and  expense.  About  seven  years 
ago,  being  at  Portsmouth,  I  called  upon  a  nurser}'- 
nian  friend  of  mine  who  had  just  begun  to  build  a 
greenhouse;  he  had  got  in  the  foundation  and  had 
begun  to  lay  the  hot-water  pipes,  which  he  was  doing 
by  laying  the  pipes  before  he  built  the  walls,  &c., 
because  it  was  much  easier  to  do  so  than  after  the 
house  was  built.  He  had  built  up  some  brick  piers 
to  rest  the  pipes  on  to  the  level  required,  and  was 
laying  the  pipes  in  their  places,  keeping  them  in 
jiosition  at  the  sides  and  in  the  sockets  with  wooden 
wedges.  After  making  them  quite  firm  he  proceeded  to 
fill  up  each  joint  very  carefully  with  Portland  cement 
about  the  consistency  of  builder's  mortar,  and  then 
formed  rather  a  thick  fillet  on  the  outside  at  the  edge 
of  the  socket.  The  work  was  done  with  his  hands 
without  using  a  trowel.  In  reply  to  a  question,  he 
told  me  he  never  used  indiarubber  rings,  as  they 
would  cost  9(Z.  each,  and  the  cement  costs  only  a  few 
]ience,  and  he  could  do  it  himself  without  any  help. 
Heat  from  the  water  has  no  effect  on  the  cement,  it 
does  not  crack  or  part  from  the  metal,  the  joints 
being  as  perfect  as  any  material  could  make  them, 
and  no  case  of  failure  has  come  to  my  notice.  There 
is  a  nurseryman  in  this  neighbourhood  who  has  seven 
greenhouses,  all  of  which  are  heated  with  one  large 
saddle  boiler  and  4-inch  pipes,  and  every  joint  is 
made  with  Portland  cemeut — the  only  precaution 
taken  is  to  see  that  the  pipes  are  wedged  up  securely 
before  the  joints  are  made,  so  that  they  may  not  shift 
on  the  piers  or  in  their  sockets — for  if  that  were  to 
occur  before  the  cement  hardens,  the  joint  might  be 
imperfect.  If  any  one  is  timid  lest  the  joint  next  the 
furnace  should  be  injured  by  the  heat  of  the  fire,  iron 
cement  or  any  other  fire-proof  material  may  be  used; 
this  is  a  precaution  I  should  always  take  myself. 
Some  few  years  ago  on  going  into  my  Fern-house  I 
found  one  of  the  joints  was  leaking — quite  a  large 
stream.     Mv  first  tlionght  was  to  1,-t  all  the  water 


170 


THE     GABDEKEBS'     CUB  ON  I  CLE. 


[AuGrsT  6,  1887. 


out  of  the  piiJes,  and  send  for  the  jiipe-larer  to  repair 
the  joint,  but  considering  that  it  would  take  con- 
siderable time  to  do  that,  I  determined  to  stop  it 
myself,  so  with  some  tow  I  caulked  the  joint,  which 
thus  checked  the  leakafje  somewhat,  and  afterwards 
by  throwin.fj  dry  cemont  on  to  the  leak,  and  per- 
severing with  it  for  half  an  hour  the  leak  was 
stopped,  and  I  then  formed  the  joint  into  shape  with 
the  moist  cement.  This  joint  is  now  as  perfect  as 
■when  it  was  made.  Some  twenty  years  ago  I  paid 
£80  to  a  professional  pipe-layer  for  heating  a  set  of 
greenhouses,  and  which  it  took  nearly  a  month  to 
perform,  l)eRides  making  a  tremendous  fuss  about  it. 
»5  if  they  were  the  only  people  in  the  world  that 
conld  lay  pipes.  I  could  do  it  now  with  my  own 
men  in  a  week,  at  less  than  half  the  cost,  and  make 
a  much  better  job  of  it.  C.  Dimmick-. 

A  PROLIFEROUS  ADIANTUM.— I  have  recently 
received  from  JNIr.  Greenwood  Pim,  of  Monkstown, 
CO.  Dublin,  a  frond  of  Adiantura  Capillus-Veneris 
var.  Daphnites,  upon  which  a  very  remarkable  form 
of  proliferation  appears  and  merits  record.  In  this 
case  there  are  clusters  of  young  plants  protruding 
from  under  tlie  normal  indusia,  and  upon  examination 
it  appears  tliattlie  sporangia  (?)  become  transformed 
directly  into  I'erns  of  the  spore-bearing  generation 
instead  of  first  developing  into  prothalli  (?),as  in  cases 
of  apospory.  This  mode  of  reproduction  is  differen- 
tiated, I  believe,  from  all  others  so  far  recorded. 
The  nearest  approach  is  the  transformation  of  sori 
and  indusia  into  solitary  buds  and  scales  which  has 
been  found  to  occur  on  several  plumose  forms  of 
Athyrium  Filix-foemina  (Garil.  Chron.  December  22, 
1883).  In  these  cases,  however,  a  single  ordinary 
bulbil  surrounded  by  scales  is  developed  from  the 
base  of  the  sorus,  but  the  Adiantum  in  question 
differs  essentially,  inasmuch  as  the  indusium  persists, 
and  the  site  of  the  sorus  gives  birth  apparently  to 
as  many  plants  as  there  would  normally  be  spore- 
cases.  Tlie  many  forms  of  jiroliferation  which  have 
been  noted  upon  our  Britisli  Ferns  during  the  past 
few  years  show  conclusively  that  they  merit  more 
attention  than  they  formerly  received,  and  I  am 
therefore  especially  grateful  to  Mr.  I'im  for  the 
opportunity  he  has  kindly  afforded  me  of  comparing 
this  case  with  the  others  previously  investigated. 
C.  T.  Bmcry.  [Substitution  is  not  transformation.  Ed.] 

NEW  SWEET  PEAS.— Mr.  H.  Eckford  must  be 
congratulated  on  the  batch  of  charming  new  varieties 
of  Sweet  Peas  he  sent  to  a  recent  meeting  of  the 
Koyal  Horticultural  Society.  Like  other  raisers 
of  new  varieties  of  any  flower,  Mr.  Eckford  can  see 
in  his  seedlings  points  of  difference  that  are  not  so 
readily  discovered  by  those  who  have  a  less  intimate 
knowledge  of  a  florist's  particular  fancy.  But  Mr. 
Eckford  is  raising  new  and  distinct  varieties  that  are 
gladly  welcomed  by  tliose  who  take  delight  in  these 
fragi'ant  Sweet  Peas.  First-class  Certificates  of 
Merit  were  awarded  to  Mauve  Queen,  the  standard 
and  wings  delicate  mauve,  pretty  in  colour,  and  very 
distinct;  Splendour,  an  extremely  beautiful  rose- 
coloured  variety,  briglit  in  colour,  large  and  stout  in 
all  its  parts — distinct,  and  very  fine  ;  and  Primrose, 
pale  primrose,  the  first  real  advance  towards  a  yellow 
Sweet  Pea — distinct  and  attractive.  Two  other 
varieties  deserved  this  award,  because  of  their 
distinctness,  viz.,  Apple  Blossom,  clear  pale  rose 
standards,  delicate  blush-pink  wings  and  keel 
— very  pretty ;  and  Miss  Hunt,  pale  rosy- 
salmon,  slightly  shaded,  delicate  rosy-mauve  wings 
and  keels — very  pretty.  Other  good  varieties  were 
Mrs.  Eckford,  standards  white,  flushed  with  pink, 
and  slight  flakes  of  rose,  white  wings — pretty  and 
distinct ;  Delight,  the  standards  delicate  pink,  the 
wings  wliite  ;  and  Maggie  Ewing,  the  standards  and 
wings  suffused  with  pink,  and  white  keel.  Two  pure 
white  varieties  were  also  shown  by  Mr.  Eckford.  In 
the  case  of  one  of  them  the  flowers  were  large,  stout, 
and  very  pure,  and  it  may  be  regarded  as  an  advance 
upon  the  old  white  Sweet  Pea.  7?.  D. 

BOTANICAL  STATIONS  IN  THE  WEST  INDIES.— 
I  was  very  gl.id  to  see  the  remarks  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  under  this  heading,  for  such  establishments 
should  indeed  be  most  opportune.  Tliere  are  no 
nurserymen  or  gardeners  in  the  "West  Indies,  and 
consequently  the  residents  know  very  little  about 
any  branch  of  horticulture.  The  Botanic  Gardens 
of  Demerara,  Jamaica,  and  Trinidad  (I  never  heard 
of  any  others)  are  quite  insuflicient  for  the  purpose 
of  ditfusing  a  knowledge  of  tropical  agriculture.  The 
Demerara  garden  is  the  best,  and  is  well  kept  up 
and  excellently  managed  in  every  respect ;  that  of 
Trinidad  contains  some  valuable  plants,  but  Is  not 


so  well  looked  after  as  it  might  be  i  wliile  that  of 
Jamaica — the  Castleton  Garden  as  it  is  called — is  no 
doubt  useful  for  purposes  of  acclimatisation,  but  is 
too  high  up  on  the  hills  to  be  accessible.  I  did  not 
go,  simply  because  the  jouraey  was  too  expensive.  I 
wanted  to  go  from  Kingstown,  but  gave  up  the  idea 
when  I  found  that  it  would  cost  mo  £2  to  get  tliire 
and  back.  A  branch  garden,  as  it  were,  in  e^■ery 
island  is  wanted,  not  for  show  but  for  use,  and  con- 
ducted in  a  businesslike  way.  If  the  existing  de- 
pression results  in  teaching  our  fellow  countrymen 
in  the  sugar  colonies  the  utter  folly  of  depending 
upon  one  product  alone  it  will  be  a  blessing  in  dis- 
guise.  G.  Layanl. 


Societies. 


ROYAL    HOBTICULTUKAL. 

Scientific    Committee. 

July  26. ^Present :  Dr.  M.  T.  Jlasters,  F.K  S.,  in 
the  chair  ;  Messrs.  Smee,  O'Brien,  Wilson,  MacLach- 
lan,  Bennett,  Smith,  and  the  Hon.  Sec,  Kev.  G. 
Henslow. 

Eri/Vf/imn  r/igantcum. — Mr.  Wilson  showed  a  hand- 
some s])ray  of  this  plant,  remarking  that  it  was 
extraordinarily  attractive  to  bees,  which  seemed  to 
prefer  it  to  all  otlier  flowers  in  blossom  at  the  same 
time.  He  was  not  aware  of  its  having  been  noticed 
as  a  "  bee-plant,"  but  strongly  recommended  it. 

Strrptocarpiis  liyb. — An  interesting  series,  raised  at 
Kew,  was  exhibited,  between  S.  Dunnii  (male  jtarent) 
.and  S.  Eexii  (female)  ;  also  between  S.  Dunnii  and 
S.  parviflorus.  Dr.  Masters  called  attention  to  the 
great  inteiest  attaching  to  these  plants,  and  to  their 
curious  habit  of  producing  only  one  leaf  subsequent 
to  the  cotvledons. 

"  Bust  "  on  Plants. — Specimens  of  Croton,  Begonia, 
Bouvardia,  and  Sol.inum,  supposed  to  be  attacked  by 
rust,  were  received  from  Messrr.  J.  R.  Pearson  & 
Sons,  Chilwell.  They  were  referred  to  Mr.  W.  G. 
Smith  for  examination  and  report.  [We  are  infonned 
that  no  fungus  was  found  on  these  specimens.  Ed.] 

Cf/pripediidn  Lrnvrcncianum  Malformed,  received 
from  Mr.  Gordon,  Twickenham.  It  was  referred  to 
Dr.  blasters  for  examination  and  report. 

BUopliosphora  graminis.  —  A  specimen  of  this 
curious  fungus,  which  attacks  ears  of  Wheat,  destroy- 
ing spikelets  and  disorganising  the  stem,  was  exhi- 
bited and  described  by  Mr.  Smith.  It  is  local 
and  erratic  in  its  appearance  It  occurred  in  South 
Bedfordshire. 

Fasciaied  Stems. — Mr.  Wilson  remarked  upon  the 
prevalence  of  fasciated  stems  in  Lilium  auratum. 
Professor  Church  corroborated  his  observations  by 
mentioning  a  .simil.ir  occurrence  in  Kew  Gardens. 
Mr.  O'Brien  observed  that  the  habit  has  become 
more  or  less  fixed  in  L.  lancifolium  when  raised  from 
bulbs,  but  nothing  is  known  fully  of  this  variety  mon- 
strosum,  being  raised  from  seed.  Apropos  of  raising 
Lilies  by  seed,  Mr.  O'Brien  remarked  that  if  seeds  of 
Lilies  be  saved  and  sown  in  South  Africa  they  will  flower 
within  six  mouths,  whereas  in  England  it  takes  over 
twelve  months.  Also,  if  English-saved  seeds  be 
planted  in  South  Africa  they  will  not  bloom  under  a 
year;  showing  the  influence  of  climate  upon  the 
development  of  the  plant.  The  only  Lily,  Mr. 
Wilson  remarked,  which  comes  up  quickly  is  L. 
tenuifolium. 

Aiootiana  affinis. — Mr.  MacLachlan  exhibited  a 
blossom  in  a  synanthic  state. 

Laurel  Leaem  IlrcoverineifroM  Frost. — Mr.  Henslow 
showed  a  drawing  and  specimen  of  Laurel  leaves 
which  had  been  severely  injured  at  their  apices  and 
along  the  margins  in  early  spring,  but  which  had 
thrown  off  the  injured  part  and  formed  a  new  cuticu- 
larised  edge  in  jilace  of  it.  The  serratures  were  want- 
ing, so  that  the  portions  renewed  were  entire.  They 
were  received  from  F.  C.  White,  Esq.,  of  Ealing. 

Varietii's  of  Wheat. — Dr.  Masters  exhibited  speci- 
mens of  Wheat  received  from  Messrs.  Carter  &  Co., 
showing  the  extreme  variations  raised  by  them  on 
well-kno^vn  varieties. 

Gla~inf/  Ban  for  Glasshouses. — A  specimen  was 
exhibited  and  explained  by  the  patentees,  Messrs.  E. 
&  F.  Newton,  of  Hitchin  and  Steveuiige.  The 
merits  of  the  invention  lay  in  the  facilities  for  allow- 
ing the  glass  to  expand  and  contract  under  varying 
temperatures  ;  and  the  method  of  conveying  away 
the  drip-water;  also  in  the  ventilation,  and  the  im- 
portant point  of  price.  In  all  these  particulars  the 
committee  were  favourably  disposed  towards  the  in- 
vention.   Mr.  O'Brien  and  Mr.  Smee  undertook  to 


report  more  fully  at  the  next  meeting  upon  the 
invention. 

Cattletja  Gas/celliana.— The  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T. 
Boscawen  exhibited  splendid  sprays  of  this  Orchid, 
showing  various  tints.  They  were  from  plants 
imported  in  the  spring  of  188G.  A  vote  of  thanks 
was  given  to  him. 

Conclusion  of  the  Session. — As  the  present  was  the 
last  meeting  of  the  summer  session,  a  vote  of 
thanks  was  passed  to  the  Chairman  and  Hon. 
Secretary. 

SCOTTISH    ABBOEICtrLTUBAL, 

Visit  to  Baljiou.\l. — The  annual  excursion  of  this 
Society  was  made  this  year  to  Balmoral  and  the  other 
royal  jiroperties  in  the  Braemar  district,  on  the  28th 
and  2yth  ult.  The  Queen,  who  is  Patroness  of  the 
Society,  not  only  gave  her  permission  to  the  mem- 
bers to  visit  and  inspect  the  plantations  and  forests  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  her  Highland  home,  but  also 
instructed  Dr.  Profeit,  Her  Majesty's  Commissioner, 
to  entertain  the  party  at  luncheon  in  Balmoral 
Castle  on  both  days — a  duty  which  he  most  cour- 
teously and  liberally  discharged.  The  rallying  point 
was  Aberdeen,  on  the  evening  of  the  27th,  where 
over  seventy  persons  met  from  all  jiarts  of  the 
country.  The  Soutliern  contingent,  numbering  over 
forty  persons,  on  leaving  Edinburgh  was  strengthened 
by  the  addition  of  members  who  joined  the  train  at 
various  peints  on  the  route  from  Edinburgh  to 
Aberdeen. 

Among  those  who  took  part  in  the  excursion  were: 
—Dr.  Hugh  Cleghorn,  of  Strathvitliie  ;  R.  V.  Kyrke, 
of  Pen-y-wern.  Wales ;  Professor  Boulger,  London  ; 
Messrs.  James  Watt,  Carlisle;  Alexiinder,  Edin- 
burgh ;  Milne,  Edinburgh  ;  Dunn,  Dalkeith  ;  McCor- 
quodale,  Scone ;  Crawford,  San  Francisco  ;  Te 
Waugh,  nurseryman.  New  Zealand  ;  Barton,  forester, 
Hatfield  ;  D<avidson,  Haydon  Bridge,  Secretary  of  the 
English  Arboricultural  Society;  R.  Lindsay,  Royal 
Botanic  Gardens,  Edinburgh ;  D.  Dewar,  forester, 
Beaufort  Castle. 

The  party  left  Aberdeen  on  Thursday  morning  at 
•7'45  A.M.,  and  were  met  at  Ballater  by  Dr.  Profeit 
and  Mr.  Michie,  Her  M.ijesty's  forester.  Entering 
the  vehicles  provided  for  the  ]>arly  here,  the  business 
of  the  excursion  began.  Taking  the  way  of  Glen 
JIuick  the  first  stoppage  was  made  to  inspect  Knock 
Castle,  an  old  ruin  of  historic  interest,  and  two  and 
a  half  miles  from  Ballater,  on  the  Birkhall  estate. 
The  surrounding  woods  are  extensive,  but  of  no  gi-eat 
age  or  size.  Tliey  range  from  thirty  to  a  hundred 
years  old,  bear  the  marks  of  having  had  little  atten- 
tion or  care  devoted  to  them  in  their  earlier  years, 
but  sre  now  improving  under  the  skilful  management 
of  Mr.  Michie.  Scotch  F'ir,  Larch,  .and  Birch  form 
the  greater  part  of  these  plantations.  Here  and 
tliere  in  the  progress  of  the  party  through  the  Birk- 
hall estate,  in  a  distance  of  some  eight  miles, 
attention  was  arrested  by  some  patriarchs  of  the 
former  forests  towering  above  the  plantations  which 
liave  been  more  recently  made.  Among  the  few  old 
Oaks  still  standing,  of  respectable  dimensions,  con- 
sidering the  latitude  and  elevation  of  the  district, 
one  only  was  measured  by  Kay's  dendrometer,  and 
found  to  be  5  feet  7  inches  girt,  with  a  spreading  top 
in  excellent  health.  Near  the  house  of  Birkhall 
some  fine  Silver  and  Spruce  Firs  were  found,  the 
former  measured  «  feet  8  inches  5  feet  from  the 
ground,  and   75   feet   high  ;    and   the  latter  7  feet 

7  inches  at  same  height  from  the  ground,  and  90  feet 
high.  Some  very  fine  Larches  were  also  noted  in 
this  neighbourhood,  the  largest  of  which  measured 

8  feet  6  inches  girth  and  90  feet  high.  Their  Iiealthy 
tops  .and  vigorous  condition  bespeak  their  reaching 
a  great  age  and  large  dimensions. 

Leaving  Birkhall  the  party  ascended  Glen  Muick 
as  far  as  the  hut — a  royal  shooting-box  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  banks  of  Altnaguissach  Loch.  The 
woods  surrounding  the  loch  and  the  hut,  are  com- 
posed chiefly  of  Birch  and  Scotch  Fir.  Here,  at  an 
elevation  of  over  1000  feet,  experiments  had  been 
made  in  planting  some  of  the  finer  Conifers.  Those 
doing  best  were  Abies  nobilis  in  both  the  typical 
and  the  glaucous  forms,  the  latter  being  fully  the 
most  vigorous  but  more  frequently  deprived  of  its 
leaders  by  the  agency  of  wind,  birds,  and  squirrels. 
Abies  Veitchii  was  also  doing  remarkably  well. 

Tlie  party  then  made  its  way  to  Balmoral  across 
the  hills,  many  of  which  were  clothed  with  natural 
forests  of  .Scotch  Fir  and  Larch  reaching  to  their 
summits,  many  trees  of  considerable  dimensions 
standing  out  clear  on  the  sky-line  at  elevations  of 
2(XI0  feet  and  upwards,  and  gi'owing  simply  in  the 
fissures  of  the  denuded  rocks,  Balmoral  was  reached 


AiGisi-  G,  1887.] 


TEE     GABDENEBS'     CEIRONICLE. 

i 


171 


about  3  o'clock,  and  after  limclieon  the  "Health  of 
Her  JIajesty  "  was  proposed  by  Dr.  Profeit,  and  was 
very  heartily  responded  to.  i)r.  Cleghorn  intimateil 
t'nit  it  would  be  liis  pleasing  duty  at  the  proper  time 
to  transmit  a  minute  to  Her  Majesty  expressing  the 
grat3i'ul  thanks  of  the  Society  for  the  reception  they 
had  received. 

Before  leaving  the  Castle  the  visitors  were  con- 
ducted over  the  rooms.  The  service-room,  or  private 
chapel,  proved  a  most  interesting  point  for  the  com- 
pany. It  is  panelled  and  ceiled  with  Scotch  Pine 
from  the  IJallochbuie  forest.  The  splendid  quality 
of  tlie  timber  and  the  exquisite  gi'aining  it  exhibited, 
was  much  commented  on  by  the  visitors.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  afternoon  was  spent  in  viewing  the 
beautiful  policies  of  the  Castle,  which  are  of  gi'cat 
extent,  and  kept  in  perfect  order.  Pinus  Cembra 
has  proved  one  of  the  most  successful  of  the  non- 
indigenous  trees  that  have  been  planted ;  a  fine 
avenue  of  it  extending  between  the  stables  -and  the 
Cistle  was  very  striking,  each  tree  being  a  model  in 
form,  and  in  robnst  health,  being  perfect  cones  of 
foliage,  from  20  to  30  feet  in  height.  Tlie  home  woods 
are  composed  mainly  of  Scotch  Pine,  Larch,  and 
Birch,  but  clumps  and  isolated  plants  of  the  more 
clioice  Conifers  have  been  planted  with  varying 
result.  The  most  successful  have  been  Abies  nobilis 
and  its  'glaucous  variety,  A.  grandis,  A.  Douglasii 
and  A.  Alberti,  The  latter  is  evidently  destined  to 
establish  itself  as  a  prominent  tree  in  tlie  neighbour- 
hojd,  but  the  others  named  are  already,  at  ages  of 
from  ten  to  twenty  years,  showing  signs  of  decay  in 
their  pale  colour,  and  in  the  excessive  tendency  to 
coning  which  they  exhibit.  The  woods  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  the  .Castle  are  mostly  young,  doing 
well,  and  are  skilfully  managed. 

In  the  nursery,  which  is  well  stocked  with  a 
variety  of  trees  and  shrubs,  which  are  annually 
wanted  for  special  purposes,  the  attention  of  the 
visitors  was  directed  to  the  differences  in  growth, 
habit,  and  foliage  that  e.xisted  between  two  patches 
of  Scotch  Pine  growing  side  by  side  in  the  same 
quarter.  The  plants  were  two-ye.ar  and  one-year,  and 
one  lot  was  reared  from  seeds  saved  from  the  old  trees 
in  the  forest  of  Ballochbuie,  while  the  other  was 
the  ordinary  sort  vended  by  nurserymen.  The  dif- 
ference between  the  two  was  striking.  The  former 
were,  on  the  average,  shorter  by  2  or  3  inches  than 
the  latter,  and  more  densely  branched,  and  the 
foliage  was  much  longer  and  stronger,  and  of  a  fine 
warm  green.  The  native  form  was  obviously  the 
best  for  the  locality,  and  had  all  the  appearance  of 
a  distinctly  marked  variety.  Mr.  Jlichie  has  a 
decided  preference  for  it,  and  will  plant  it  largely  in 
future. 

The  river  Dee,  which  winds  through  the  grounds 
on  the  northern  side  of  the  Castle,  it  was  observed, 
was  very  low.  Dr.  Profeit  informed  the  party  that 
it  had  not  been  so  low  since  the  memorable  year 
1826,  and  that  the  rainfall  in  the  district  up  to  date 
had  been  1026  inches  as  compared  with  1803  inches 
in  the  same  period  last  year. 

The  party  being  too  largo  to  find  accommodation 
in  any  one  of  the  hotels  of  Braemar.  one  portion 
returned  to  Ballater  for  tlie  night  on  leaving  Bal- 
moral, and  the  other  went  on  to  Braemar  to  lodge 
for  the  night,  and  meet  .again  at  Ballochbuie  Bridge, 
on  the  Dee,  thence  to  pass  en  route  to  view  the 
famous  forest  of  Ballochbuie. 

The  Fouest  of  Ballochbuie. — This  forest  was 
visited  on  the  following  day,  and  proved  the  most  in- 
teresting object  of  the  excursion  to  the  bulk  of  the 
members.  The  forest  is  an  entirely  natural  one,  and 
the  gi-eater  part  of  it  is  the  property  of  the  Queen. 
The  altitude  of  the  forest  ranges  from  about  1200  to 
■2000  feet  above  sea-level.  The  party  did  not  pene- 
trate higher  than  about  1600  feet.  At  the  higher 
elevations  the  oldest  and  largest  trees  were  found. 
From  the  latter  elevation  downwards  to  1400  feet 
were  to  be  found  individual  trees  of  Scotch  Pine 
girthing  14  feet  10  inches  at  1  foot  from  the  ground, 
and  11  feet  10  inches  at  5  feet  from  the  ground. 
Such  trees  were  judged  to  be  from  250  to  300  years 
old,  the  concentric  rings  of  many  of  the  stumps  of 
felled  trees  being  counted  to  280,  after  which  they 
became  so  small  as  to  be  invisible  to  the  naked  eye. 
There  were  many  generations  of  trees  observable 
throughout  the  forest,  but  none  younger  than  fifty 
years,  judging  by  the  growth.  At  an  elevation  of 
about  1500  feet  lay  the  stump  of  the  famous  Scotch 
Pine,  a  section  of  -wliich  was  exhibited  by  the  Queen 
at  the  Edinburgh  Forestry  Exhibition.  The  circum- 
ference of  the  stump  near  the  ground  was  found  by 
the  *(ipe  to  be  25  feet  6  inches,  and  the  longest  dia- 
meter 8   feet  6   inches.     An  interesting  discussion 


was  held  over  the  point  as  to  whether  it  was  a  single 
tree  or  the  union  of  more  than  one, 'the  bulk  of 
opinion  being  in  favour  of  the  latter  tlntory,  because 
of  the  obvious  existence  of  more  than  One  centre  to 
the  concentric  layers. 

As  showing  the  durability  ot  the  wood  of  these  old 
Scotch  Pines,  a  tree  was  pointed  out  to  the  party  by 
Mr.  Michie  which  had  lain  on  the  ground  for  forty- 
four  years.  The  bark  and  a  thin  layer  of  sap-wood 
had  been  decomposed,  but  the  heartwood  was  un- 
affected by  time  and  the  weather,  except  in 
the  way  of  increasing  its  hardness  and  density 
which  was  very  much  like  that  of  the  timber 
of  a  matured  Oak.  Those  giants  in  bulk  had 
never  been  giants  in  stature.  They  had  evidently, 
judging  from  their  rounded — not  tabulated — heads 
and  dense  habit,  been  isolated  trees  from  a  very  early 
period  of  their  growth,  hence  their  great  trunk  deve- 
lopment. In  the  greater  part  of  the  forest  the  process 
of  natural  reproduction  is  rendered  impracticable  by- 
reason  of  the  presence  of  large  herds  of  deer  and 
other  wild  game  which  are  encouraged.  But  a  large 
space  around  the  saw-mill  is  fenced  ofi'  and  protected 
from  the  ravages  of  wild  animals,  and  there  natural 
reproduction,  assisted  by  art,  is  well  illustrated. 
Hundreds  of  thousands  of  self-sown  plants  are  raised 
annually,  and  appear  in  different  stages  of  develop- 
ment at  the  present  time  to  attest  the  simplicity  and 
efficacy  of  the  method  of  natural  production,  at  least 
as  regards  our  indigenous  forest  trees. 

The  saw-mills  are  extensive  and  well  appointed, 
and  are  continually  at  work  preparing  timber  for 
estate  purposes,  and  for  supplying  the  wants  of  the 
neighbourhood. 

After  spending  about  five  hours  in  the  forest  with 
much  pleasure  and  interest,  the  company  returned 
to  Balmoral,  where  they  were  again  entertained  to 
luncheon.  A  tree  of  Pinus  Cembra  was  planted  in 
commemoration  of  the  visit  of  the  Society  to  the  dis- 
trict. Dr.  Profeit  assured  the  company  that  it  would 
be  his  pleasiug  duty  to  inform  Her  Majesty  of  the 
circumstance  of  the  tree  being  planted.  Thus  ended 
one  of  the  most  memorable  excursions  of  this 
Society. 

EDINBURGH    BOTANICAL. 

July  14. — The  closing  meeting  of  the  session  was 
held  in  the  class-room,  Hoyal  Botanic  Garden,  Pro- 
fessor Dickson,  President,  in  the  chair.  The  papers 
submitted  had  mostly  been  worked  out  bv  the  labo- 
ratory connected  with  the  class.  Thus,  Mr.  Gustav 
JIann  detailed  observations  on  the  mechanism  for 
fertilisation  in  the  flowers  of  Bulbophyllum  Lobbi, 
and  Mr.  Scott  Elliot  gave  a  review  of  recent  litera- 
ture on  the  movement  of  water  in  plants,  criticising 
unfavourably  those  of  Sachs.  In  remarking  on  a 
paper  on  "  Variation  in  Plants,"  in  which  Mr.  Patrick 
Geddes  accounted  for  the  deterioration  of  orders  and 
genera  from  the  evolutionist's  point  of  view.  Pro- 
fessor Dickson  said  there  were  as  gi'eat  observational 
difficulties  in  the  way  of  accepting  the  latter  doctrine 
as  there  might  be  for  the  theory  of  special  creation. 
[A  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  Sewell  upon  the  morphology, 
&c..  of  certain  plants  of  the  order  Scrophulariace.TS.] 

Mr.  Lindsay  gave  in  his  "  Report  on  the  Progress 
of  Vegetation  at  the  Botanic  Garden,  Edinburgh, 
for  June,  1887' :— 

During  the  past  month  of  June  considerable  injury 
was  done  to  many  plants  from  the  protracted 
drought  which  prevailed.  There  were  twenty-four 
dry  days  during  the  month.  On  one  day  only  was 
there  much  rain,  viz.,  on  the  4th. 

Late  transplanted  trees  and  shrubs  suft'ered  most 
severely.  All  surface,  rooting  perennials  have 
been  more  or  less  injured.  Herbaceous  plants  rushed 
suddenly  into  flower  and  went  past  in  an  incredibly 
short  time.  Many  of  them  became  scorched  up  in 
a  manner  which  I  have  never  observed  here  before. 
Annuals  of  various  kinds  do  not  appear  to  have 
suffered  at  all,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of  Pelargo- 
niums, Calceolarias,  and  other  bedding  plants.  Hardy 
deciduous  trees  and  shrubs  have  been  prolific  of 
bloom.  A  few  have  been  finer  than  usual,  such  as 
the  flowering  Ash  (Fr.axinus  Ornus),  Elder,  Escal- 
lonia  Phillipiana,  Olearia  ilicifolia,  and  several 
species  of  New  Zealand  Veronicas.  Roses  a)"e  very 
dwarf,  and  although  clean  and  well  budded,  have 
rather  a  starved-like  appearance. 

During  the  month  the  thermometer  did  not  fall 
so  low  as  the  freezing  point  at  the  garden,  although 
in  some  parts  of  Scotland  it  fell  several  degrees  be- 
low it.  The  lowest  night  readings  were — on  the 
1st,  34° ;  2nd,  38°  ;  3rd,  42° ;  21st,  36°.  The 
lowest  day  temperature  was  52°,  on  the  2nd ;  and  the 
highest  8(3°,  on  the  22nd. 


"  On  the  rock  garden  4.32  species  and  varieties  of 
plants  came  into  flower  during  the  month,  making  a 
total  of  1048  for  the  season  as  against  753  at  the 
corresponding  date  last  year.  Amongst  them  were 
the  following : — 


.\ndro3ace  foliosa 
Aciphylla  sq 

ftiU'eolariaKelly 
„  plantagincii 
Ciilocliortusccrni 
Campamilii  Zoysi 
t'istus  formosus 
lliantluis  alpiaus 
■    ?ialis 


Liiuv 

Kardostacliys  Jatamansi 
Orchis  maculata  supcrba 
Oxytropis  cyanea 
Pioonia  tenuitolia  fl.-pkm 
Polygonum  sphwrostachyu 
Pentstemon  speciosum 
Bamondia  pyronaica 
Ithododendrou   ferrugineu 


,.    superbus 

Edraianthus  serpyllifoliug  Senecio  laxifloni.g 

Erythrjea  aggregata  ,,    pulcher 

Gaultheria  cariiea  Saponaria  ocjiuoides  Loderi 

Tropreolum  polyphyllum 


ichen 


ria  hexandrj 

I  amplexicaulia 
.,    anomala 
Wycthia  mollis,  &c. 


H.'li.-ophvllum  Lilmianiii 
HvptTiLura  empctrifoliuil 
llypoxis  irecta 
Iberis  jucunda 
Leontopodium  alpiuum 

Mr.  Robert  BuUen,  in  his  report  for  June  on  the 
temperature,  &c.,  of  the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden, 
remarked  on  the  tropical  heats  prevailing  since  the 
loth  of  that  month,  the  temperature  having  ranged 
from  120"^  F,,  on  the  15th,  to  133°  on  the  25th,  in 
the  sun,  the  converse  readings  in  the  shade  being 
70°  to  83°  respectively.  As  a  consequence  vegetation 
generally  had  suffered,  though  Pelargoniums  were  in 
splendid  bloom. 


SOUTHAMPTON   HORTICULTURAL. 

The  twenty-fifth  summer  exhibition  of  this  Society 
was  held  in  Westwood  Park,  on  July  30,  and  was 
a  decided  success.  There  may  not  have  been  so 
many  large  plants  shown  as  in  other  years,  owing 
to  the  regretted  absence  of  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  who 
has  been  a  regular  exhibitor  here  for  several  years 
past,  but  the  other  exhibitors  who  came  forward 
made  up  in  a  great  measure  for  the  loss.  Some 
beautiful  plants  came  from  Mr.  J.  Lock,  which  were 
quite  a  show  in  themselves.  Groups  arranged  for 
effect  were  many  and  good,  as  they  always  are  at 
Southampton  ;  as  were  the  cut  flowers.  Vegetables, 
considering  the  dryness  of  the  season  hitherto,  were 
staged  in  very  great  quantity  and  of  fine  quality; 
but  the  most  remarkable  advance  was  observed  in 
the  number  of  exhibits  of  and  the  qusility  of  the 
Grapes.  These  were  greatly  in  excess  of  former 
shows,  and  the  competition  was  necessarily  very 
great. 

Plants. — For  twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  speci- 
mens, six  flowering  and  six  foliage,  the  handsome 
sums  of  £18,  £15.  and  £12  were  offered  in  prizes. 
Here  Mr.  J.  Lock,  gr.  to  B.  "W.  Cleane,  Esq.,  New- 
combe  House,  Crediton,  Devonshire,  was  an  easy 
1st, ;  the  most  noteworthy  were — Latania  bor- 
bonica,  of  enormous  size,  15  feet  in  diameter,  and 
of  good  form ;  Encephalartos  villosus  ampliatus, 
Croton  Warreni,  5  feet  acrose.  and  of  magni- 
ficent colour;  C.  AVilliamsi,  a  perfect  specimen 
in  every  way:  Lapegarias  alba  and  rosea,  glo- 
bular-shaped plants  of  about  4  feet  in  diameter 
and  freely  flowered,  indeed  the  latter  was 
about  the  most  perfect  specimen  imaginable ; 
and  I-xora  Duffii  which  had  enormous  heads  of 
bloom.  Mr.  E.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The 
Firs,  Bassett,  Southampton ;  and  Mr.  H.  James, 
Castle  Nursery,  Norwood,  were  awarded  equal  2nd 
]>rizes.  In  the  former  the  foliage  plants  were 
decidedly  superior,  w^hile  in  the  latter  group  the 
flowering  specimens  were  the  best — indeed,  it  would 
be  difficult  to  conceive  a  finer  specimen  than  that  of 
Erica  icraula,  which  was  so  fresh  and  freely  flowered  ; 
while  AUamanda  gi'andiflora  was  a  capital  plant, 
Mr.  Wills  had  a  fine  specimen  of  Cycas  revoluta,  one 
of  Statice  profusa,  5  feet  across  ;  and  >Stephanotis 
floribunda — very  fine  plants.  For  the  same  number 
of  plants,  and  under  the  same  conditions  as  in  the 
former  class,  but  open  to  gardeners  only,  Mr. 
Amys,  gr.  to  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Elliot  York,  Hamble 
Cliff,  Southampton,  was  the  winner  of  the  1st  prize  : 
Cycas  revoluta,  Stephanotis  floribunda,  and  a  fine 
specimen  of  AUamanda  Hendersoni,  were  his  best 
plants.  2nd  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  J.  Reynolds, 
gr.  to  the  Hon.  II.  S.  S.  Crichton,  Netley  Castle, 
Southampton,  for  plants  that  were  much  smaller  than 
those  which  took  the  1st  prize. 

For  Six  Stove  and  Grectihoiise  Plants,  in  Bloom,  Mr. 
N.  Blandford,  gi-.  to  Mrs.  Haslefoot,  West  End,  Bit- 
terne,  was  1st,  with  an  even  group,  including  a  very 
fine  AUamanda  Heudersonii ;  while  Mr.  Wills  fol- 


1?2 


THE     GAFDENEBS'     CEBONICLE. 


[ArcnsT  6,  1887. 


lowed  him  very  closely,  his  best  specimen  being 
Erica  Fairieana. 

For  Six  Fine  Foliage  Plants  Mr.  Lock  led  the  way, 
having  a  magnificent  plant  of  Gleichenia  spelunce, 
and  a  finely-coloured  specimen  of  Croton  volntus  ; 
2nd,  Mr.  Wills,  in  whose  lot  was  a  very  fine  Cycas 
intermedia. 

jVi«c  Miscellanmiis  Plants  brought  four  competitors  ; 
Mr.  E.  Molyneux,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Myers,  Esq.,  Swan- 
moi'e  Park,  Bishop's  Waltham,  was  an  easy  1st ; 
Croton  variegatns,  7  feet  .icross;  C.  angustifolius. 
and  Latania  borbonica.  wire  in  capital  condition. 
Conspicuous  in  this  group  w.as  a  plant  of  the  beautiful 
biennial  Trachelium  cceruleum. 

A  Group  of  Miscellaneous  Plants,  arranged  for  effect 
ilia  space  IG  bi/ 8  feet. — There  were  six  competitors 
Mr.  H.  James  being  awarded  the  1st  prize,  but  a 
protest  was  lodged  against  him,  that  he  had  not  filled 
the  allotted  space,  which  was  a  pity,  as  the  arrange- 
ment was  charming,  consisting  of  a  groundwork  of 
JIaidenhair  Ferns  out  of  which  sprang  grticeful 
plants  of  Cocos  Weddelliana  and  other  Palms;  at  the 
back  were  plants  of  Dracaina  Shepherdi,  which  lent 
colour  to  the  background  ;  Lilium  longiflorum,  Catt- 
leyas,  Miltonia  vcxillaria  ;  all  sparingly  and  lightly 
disposed,  the  whole  being  edged  with  Isolepis  and 
species  of  Fittonia.  2nd,  Mr.  Wills,  who  had  a  much 
brighter  gi'oup,  lightly  placed ;  Areca  lutescens. 
Heaths,  Orchids,  Celosias,  Statices,  and  Adiantums 
were  the  principal  plants  employed.  Mr.  J.  Reynolds 
was  3rd,  with  good  plants  for  the  purpose,  but 
arranged  in  a  somewhat  tasteless  manner. 

Collection  of  Orchids, arranged  in  a  space  G  by  A  feet. 
— Two  competitors  only  ]>ut  in  an  appearance,  but 
the  plants  staged  were  of  good  r|uality.  Mr.  T. 
Osborne,  gr.  to  J.  Buchan,  Esq.,  Wilton  House, 
Southampton,  was  1st.  his  most  noteworthy  plants 
were  Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  Uendrobium  Dearei,  On- 
cidium  macranthum,  Odontoglossum  Alexandra; 
bogotense,  and  O.  cordatum ;  Mr.  Blandford  was  2nd, 
with  a  nice  lot. 

Six  Stove  or  Greenhome  Ferns. — Mr.  Lock  was 
again  to  the  front  with  grand  examples,  in  beautiful 
lii',alth — Davallia  polyantha,  Microlepia  hirta  cristata 
being  the  best  examples ;  Mr.  Wills  2nd,  with 
smaller  but  equally  robust  and  healthy  specimens. 

Four  Ferns. — Mr.  Peel,  Mr.  Bundy,  gr.  to  G.  H. 
Errington,  Esq.,  Merry  Oak,  Bitterne,  and  Mr.  Rey- 
nolds were  the  prize  winners,  in  the  order  of  their 
names. 

Si.v  Hardy  Ferns. — Here  Mr.  Lock  was  1st,  and 
Mr.  Wills  2nd,  both  showing  well. 

Single  Specimen,  in  Jlower. — The  best  was  staged  by 
Mr.  E.  Molyneux — a  fine  one  of  BougainviUea  glabra, 
smothered  with  bloom. 

Fine-foliage  Plant. — Mr.  Lock  was  1st,  with 
Croton  Disraeli. 

Fruit. — Si.x  dishes  of  fruit.  Pines  excluded.  Seven 
collections  were  staged,  all  being'good.  Mr.  Evans 
was  placed  1st  ivith  a  capital  lot,  viz.,  good  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  Madresfield  Court  Muscat,  ripe  and 
well  coloured ;  fine  Brunswick  Figs,  Barrington 
Peaches,  and  EIruge  Nectarines.  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Pull- 
man, gr.  to  R.  B.  Sheridan,  Esq.,  Frampton,  Dor- 
chester, with  magnificent  Black  Hamburgh,  good 
Buckland  Sweetwater  Grapes,  and  fine  Noblesse 
Peaches,  The  class  for  three  bunches  of  black 
Grapes  brought  a  good  competition,  all  the  exhibits 
being  of  fine  quality.  Jlr.  Ward  took  the  1st  honours 
with  magnificent  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court 
Muscat,  fine  in  berry,  and  superbly  finished.  Mr. 
Molyneux  followed  with  large  shapely  bunches  of 
Black  Hamburgh,  with  very  large  berries,  and  of 
good  colour.  Mr.  T.  Hall,  gr.  to  Captain  Davidson, 
South  Stoneham,  was  3rd,  with  Madresfield  Court, 
large  in  bunch,  but  the  beiTies  were  undersized, 
.although  quite  perfect  in  colour.  For  three  bunches 
of  white  Grapes  Jfr.  J.  M.  Stewart,  gr.  to  Mr.  J. 
Lane  Shrubb,  Boldre  Grange,  Lymington,  was  1st, 
with  five  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  which 
only  required  a  little  more  time  to  make  them  perfect. 
Mr.  J.  Evans  was  2nd.  Jlr.  J.  Pullman  took  1st 
honours  with  very  fine  Black  Hamburgh  in  the  two 
bunch  class.  For  the  same  number  of  white  bunches 
Mr.  A.  Richards,  gr.  to  D.  Norton,  Esq.,  The  Dell, 
Isle  of  Wight,  was  1st,  with  finely  coloured  bunches 
of  Buckland  Sweetwater.  Ten  competitors  staged 
in  the  class  for  one  bunch  of  black  Grapes,  making  a 
goodly  array.  A  perfect  specimen  of  Madresfield 
Court  from  Mr.  llolyneux  took  the  1st  honours. 
Mr.  A,  Richards  had  the  finest  single  bunch  of 
white  Grapes — one  of  Buckland  Sweetwater.  Mr. 
Budd  took  1st  prize  for  Queen  Pine,  single  Pine,  and 
was  followed  by  Messrs.  Lock  and  Ward.  The  best 
scarlet-flesh  Melon  was  Perfection,  shown  by  Messrs. 
W.  &  G.  Drover,  Fareham  ;  while  Mr.  Sanders  took 


1st  honours  with  green-flesh  Melon,  with  a  dish  of 
Royal  George,  in  capital  condition.  Mr.  Curtis  took 
1st  honours  for  Peaches.  The  same  exhibitor  had 
the  best  Nectarines,  Lord  Napier.  Mr.  Budd  had 
the  best  six  dishes  of  fruit,  outdoor  growth  ;  while 
Mr.  G.  Wind.ibank  had  the  best  dessert  and  kitchen 
Apples. 

Vegetables. — For  twelve  distinct  varieties  Mr.  W. 
Pope  led  the  way  easily ;  his  best  dishes  were 
Pragnell's  Beet,  Snowball  Turnip,  Sutton's  Seedling 
.and  Jlidsummer  Kidney  Potatos,  Veitch's  Scarlet 
Jlodel  Carrot,  and  Sutton's  Seedling  Peas ;  Mr.  W. 
Sanders  followed,  with  large  Duke  of  Albany  Peas, 
neat  evenly-sized  White  Elephant  Onion,  very  fine 
Sutton's  Perfection  Toraatos,  and  excellent  Standard 
Bearer  Celery.  For  nine  varieties  six  collections 
were  staged,  Mr.  Molyneux  being  1st,  with  very 
large  White  Elephant  Onions,  good  Cucumbers, 
French  Beans,  and  Marrows ;  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Allen, 
gr.  to  Captain  the  Hon.  Victor  Montague,  Wherwell 
Priory,  Andover,  who  had  excellent  Tomatos  and 
Reading  Russet  Potatos.  Mr.  Evans  had  the  best 
collection  of  Potatos  in  eight  varieties,  with  even, 
clean  produce,  ilr.  Sanders  staged  very  fine  To- 
matos, for  one  dish ;  whilst  ftlr.  Molyneux  took 
1st  for  capital  Cucumbers,  amongst  fouiteen  com- 
petitors. 

Miscellaneous. — Mr.  Amys  was  very  successful  in 
the  classes  for  si.x  Celosias,  six  Petunias,  Migno- 
nette, Balsams,  and  Cockscombs,  securing  the  1st 
prize  with  plants  healthy,  vigorous,  and  freely 
flowered.  Messrs.  Ransom  showed  the  best  double 
Pelargoniums,  while  Mr.  G.  Windebank  staged  the 
best  single  varieties.  Mr.  T.  Osborne  had  the  best 
Fuchsias  in  the  class  for  six  specimens,  all  fairly  well 
flowered,  but  not  so  good  as  is  usually  seen  at  this 
show.  In  the  smaller  class,  for  four  plants,  Mr. 
Busby  led  the  way  with  young  vigorous  examples, 
loaded  with  flower.  Messrs.  West  and  Molyneux  led 
the  way  with  Coleus  and  table  plants,  each  obtaining 
the  1st  prize  in  the  different  classes. 

A  very  fine  collection  of  hardy  shrubs,  not  for 
competition,  was  staged  by  Mr.  Rogers,  Red  Lodge 
Nurseries,  Southampton,  w^hich  attracted  consider- 
able attention  ;  chief  amongst  them  was  a  fine  plant 
of  Desfontainea  spinosa,  freely  flowered. 

The  best  collection  of  miscellaneous  nursery  stock 
was  staged  by  ^Ir.  G.  Windebank,  Southampton,  while 
Mrs.  Kinsbury,  Bevois  Valley,  Southampton,  was  2nd. 


LIVERPOOL    HORTICULTURAL    ASSO- 
CIATION. 

After  a  season's  rest,  owing  to  the  visit  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society  last  year  at  the  Waver- 
tree  Park,  the  above  Society  held  its  eighth  exhibition 
on  Saturday,  July  30,  and  Monday,  August  1,  in  a 
portion  of  Sefton  Park,  the  use  of  which  is  always 
granted  to  the  executive  by  the  Parks  and  Garden 
Committee  of  the  Liverpool  Council.  The  show 
comi)ared  favourably  with  any  held  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Association."  The  plant  tent,  some  300  feet 
in  length,  contained  an  assortmen  of  plants  staged 
on  the  turf  that  were  of  very  high  order  of  merit. 
Palms  were  numerous  and  in  gi'and  condition,  many 
ranging  from  10  to  12  feet  in  height,  and  of  an  equal 
diameter.  Crotons,  of  which  some  highly-coloured 
specimens  were  staged,  were  hardly  so  large  as  we 
have  noticed  on  previous  occasions,  and  perhaps  they 
can  hardly  be  desired. 

Flowering  plants  were  marvels  of  culture  and  finish, 
being  fresh  and  well  laden  with  flowers.  The  groups, 
which  have  so  improved  since  the  committee  offered 
liberal  inducements  were  very  attractive,  that  of 
Messrs.  H.  P.  Ker  &  Sons  proving  a  very  fine  feature 
in  the  fruit  and  flower  tent,  which  was  450  feet  in 
length. 

The  group  of  Tea  Rosea  staged  by  the  Liverpool 
Horticultural  Company  was  an  acquisition  admired  by 
m.any,  although  somewhat  formal  in  its  aiTangement. 
Cut  flowers  were  a  great  success,  the  Roses  them- 
selves holding  their  own  with  any  staged  in  the  North 
this  year,  proving  that  they  appreciate  the  long- 
wanted  showers  and  cooler  atmosphere.  Herbaceous 
cut  flowers  were  of  much  merit,  and  surpassed  in 
quantity  anything  previously  shown  in  Liverpool. 
Fruit  was  staged  in  abundance  and  of  good  quality, 
in  many  cases  the  competition  being  remarkably 
keen  and  close.  A  special  prize  offered  for  Tomatos 
was  successful  in  bringing  a  meritorious  collection  in 
pots.  The  section  devoted  to  vegetables  was  well 
filled  with  specimens  that  did  the  growers  credit, 
considering  the  ordeal  that  they  have  had  to  undergo. 


Plants. 

Fur  Twelve  Stove  and  Greenhouse,  Six  in  Bloo,n, 
and  Six  Foliaqe,  distinct.  —  A.  Nicholson,  Esq. 
(gr.,  Mr.  C.  Roberts),  Highland  Hall,  Staff's,  leapt  to 
the  premier  position  at  his  first  visit.  Amongst  his 
foliage  plants  were  superb  Kentia  australis,  Cycas 
circinalis,  a  plant  about  12  feet  in  diameter,  and  of 
about  the  same  height ;  C.  revoluta,  Thrinax  elegans, 
Croton  Baron  J.  de  Rothschild,  C.  angustifolius. 
Amongst  the  flowering  plants,  Erica  jasminiflora 
alba  was  good  ;  Dipladenia  floribunda  well  flowered  ; 
Ixora  Williamsii,  I.  amboynensis,  Clerodendron 
Balfourianura,  nearly4  feet  in  diameter,  with  immense 
trusses  ;  Dipladenia  splendens,  very  fresh.  Mr. 
James  Cypher  was  a  strong  2nd,  staging  in  grand 
form  Kentia  australis,  K.  Fosteriana,  very  good 
Latania  borbonica  (large),  BougainviUea  glabra, 
remarkable  for  its  density  of  bloom,  &c. 

Amateur  Class  for  Eight,  Four  Flowering  and  Four 
Foliage. — The  highest  award  went  to  T.  .S.  Timmis, 
Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  B.  Cromwell),  Clevely,  AUerton,  who 
had  a  grand  specimen  of  Croton  Disraeli,  for  which 
a  Cultural  Certificate  was  awarded  ;  Dicksonia 
antarctica,  Ixora  Dixiana,  AUamanda  Henderson!, 
Statice  profusa,  &c.  Bernard  Hall,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr. 
A.  Crosbie),  Wavertree,  was  2nd. 

Six  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  in  Bloom. — Mr. 
J.  Cypher  was  a  good  1st,  with  Clerodendron  Bal- 
fourianum,  Statice  Gilbertii,  splendid  in  colour; 
and  I.xora  Fraseri. 

Four  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants  {Amateurs'). — 
Messrs.  A.  R.  Cox,  J.  Jellicoe  and  B.  Cromwell  were 
placed  in  the  order  given,  staging  good  collections. 

Single  Specimen  Stove  Plant  in  '.Flower. — Mr.  C. 
Roberts  was  1st,  with  a  good  Dipladenia  amabilis ; 
G.  L.  Baker,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  Lewis),  Aigburth,  was 
2nd,  with  a  well-flowered  Eucharis  amazonica. 

Mr.  C.  Evans  was  1st,  with  Bouvardia  Alfred 
Neuner  as  a  greenhouse  plant  in  bloom. 

Eight  Fine-foliage  Plants. — Mr.  J.  Jellicoe  was  1st, 
staging  Pritchardia  pacifica  in  grand  form,  it  being 
nearly  12  feet  in  diameter ;  Dicksonia  antarctica,  a 
fine  specimen,  as  was  also  Latania  borbonica,  very 
fresh  ;  and  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  well  coloured.  In 
Mr.  J.  Cypher's  lot  was  a  splendid  Kentia  canter- 
buryana. 

Six  Foliatje  Plants  (Amateurs). — Mr.  B.  Cromwell 
had  the  best,  including  fine  plants  of  Gleichenia 
dichotoma  and  Anthurium  crystallinum. 

Three  Palms. — Messrs.  A.  Crosbie,  T.  Jones,  and 
W.  Bustard  took  prizes  in  the  order  of  their  names. 

Eight  E.votic  Ferns.— >,It.  T.  Gowan,  Mossley  Hill, 
was  1st,  staging  Gymnogramma  argyrophylla  and 
Goniophlebium  subauriculatum  in  good  form.  The 
1st  in  the  .am.ateurs'  class  was  won  by  Mr.  B.  Crom- 
well, with  healthy  plants. 

Six  Hnrdy  Ferns. — Mr.  F.  Foster  scored  a  double 
victory,  being  Ist  in  the  class,  and  obtained  a  Cul- 
tural Certificate  for  a  splendid  plant  of  Athyrlum 
f.-f.  corymbiferum. 

The  best  four  Orchids,  distinct  varieties,  were  from 
Mr.  J.  Cypher,  which  were  Cattleya  Gaskelliana, 
twenty  flowers  ;  Saccolabium  Blumei,  three  spikes  ; 
EpidenJrum  vitellinum,  twenty-seven  spikes;  Cypri- 
pedium  barbatum  superbum,  sixteen  flowers. 

Mr.  J.  Jellicoe  had  the  premier  single,  with  a  good 
variety  of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  carrying  eighteen 
flowers. 

Miscellaneous. 

Three  Greenhouse  Ericas,  distinct. — Mr,  J.  Cypher 
was  1st  with  E.  a:mula  and  E.  Fairieana,  very  fine. 

Six  Fuchsias. — Jlr.  J.  Hughes  led  the  way  with  six 
grand  pyramids,  over  G  feet  in  height  and  4  feet 
through  at  the  base ;  A.  L.  Jones,  Esq.  (gr.,  J. 
Bounds),  was  2nd  ;  Mr.  J.  Hughes  was  again  Ist  for- 
the  best  three. 

Six  Single-flowered  Pelargoninms. — These  were  shown 
in  great  numbers  and  of  good  quality.  Mr.  T.  Gowan 
was  1st.  Mr.  E.  Bridge  taking  the  same  position  for 
three.  Four  double  Pelargoniums,  Mr.  T.  Gowan  had 
the  best.  Mrs.  Bateson  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  Harrison), 
Allerton,  in  a  like  position  for  four  Ivy-leaved. 
Begonias  were  superb,  Mr.  A.  R.  Cox  taking  the 
premier  honours  in  the  classes  for  six,  for  three,  and 
the  'single,  the  flowers  being  of  immense  size  and 
good  in  colour.  Gloxinias  were  also  in  grand  con- 
dition, Mrs.  White  (gr.,  Mr.  R.  Johnston),  Waver- 
tree, staging  the  best.  Caladiums  were  shown  well, 
Tyndal  Bright,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  Warrington),  having 
the  finest.  Petunias,  Liliums,  and  hardy  herbaceous 
plants  in  bloom,  were  in  good  form,  Mr.  Hurst 
having  the  finest  of  the  last-named.  Eight  Dracajnas, 
distinct,  grown  in  si.x  pots,  brought  out  a  strong 
competition,  John  Bruce.  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  John  Shaw), 


AnousT  6,  188T.] 


THE    GARDENERS'    CHMONIGLE. 


173 


Wadhurst,  Sussex,  winning  the  clock  with  an  even 
fresh  lot. 

Another  interesting  special  prize  was  for  six  pots 
of  Tomatos,  distinct,  Sir  Thos.  Earle,  Bart,  (gr.,  Mr. 
J.  Stoney),  taking  the  Cup  with  plants  remarkably 
well  fruited. 

The  groups,  especially  that  of  Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker  & 
Sons,  of  250  square  feet,  was  a  well-arranged  com- 
bination of  foliage  and  flowering  plants  tastefully 
arranged,  and  which  well  deserved  the  high  encomiums 
passed  on  it ;  that  for  the  amateurs,  of  150  square 
feet,  was  very  closely  contested,  Mr.  J.  Jellicoe 
winning  with  a  lightly  arranged  lot;  Mr.  A.  R.  Cox 
was  a  close  2nd. 

Cut  Flowers. 

Boscs  were  shown  good  in  quality,  colour,  and 
substance — good  results,  due  to  the  cooler  and  moister 
atmosphere  of  the  last  few  days. 

Forty-eight. — Messrs.  J.  Cocker  &  Son,  Aberdeen, 
had  a  fine  fresh  lot.  the  best  being  Her  Majesty, 
Marie  Baumann,  Due  de  Rohan,  Baronne  de 
Rothschild,  Fisher  Holmes.  &c. ;  T.  B.  Hal!,  Esq. 
(gr.,  Mr,  Gitiens),  was  a  good  2nd;  Messrs.  J. 
Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester,  3rd. 

Ttoelve  lyiisscs  of  Teas,  Hybrid  Teas,  or  Noisettes, 
distinct. — The  prize-winners  were  E.  Claxton,  Esq., 
with  a  fresh  good  stand ;  Messrs.  J.  Cocker  2nd,  and 
T.  B.  Hall,  Esq.,  3rd. 

Twenty-four  (Amateitrs). — The  winners  were  T.  B. 
Hall.  Esq. ;  S.  Budd,  Esq.,  Bath  ;  and  A.  Tate,  Esq. 
(gr..  Mr.  H.  Pewtress). 

Messrs.  Cocker  &  Son  had  the  best  twelves  of 
one  dark  and  one  light  variety. 

For  the  most  tastefully  arranged  box  T.  B.  Hall, 
Esq.,  was  an  easy  1st,  showing  dark  H.P.'s  inter- 
spersed with  Teas,  which  had  a  charming  effect ; 
E.  Claxton,  Esq.,  was  2nd,  with  a  selection  of  good 
Teas  ;  Mr.  A.  Pewtress  takes  the  remaining  prize. 

Eighteen  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Cut  Flowers. — Mr.  B. 
Cromwell  was  1st,  Avith  a  collection  of  very  choice 
flowers. 

Twelve  ditto,  —  S.  Baerlin,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  '  G. 
Williams),  Didsbury,  was  1st,  with  a  very  strong  lot, 
including  Erica  magnifioa.  Statice  profusa.  Ixora 
Williamsii,  I.  Prince  of  Wales,  Cattlcya  Mendelii. 
and  C.  Mossia;. 

Tmenty-four  Hardy  Hcrhaoeoiis  Flowers.  —  These 
were  in  stronger  force  than  ever,  Mr.  G.  Eaton  and 
Mr.  W.  Bustard  receiving  the  awards  in  the  order  of 
their  names.  In  the  amateurs'  class  for  twelve  the 
1st  prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  J.  Warrington. 

Fruit. 

This  in  the  aggregate  was  of  the  usual  high  order. 

Eight  Distinct  Kinds. — Mr.  G.  H.Goodacre,  Elvas- 
ton  Gardens.  Derby,  was  1st  in  a  competition,  includ- 
ing five  others,  showing  a  fine  Cayenne  Pine,  well 
finished  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  and  Barrington 
Peaches.  Mr.  J.  Edmonds,  Bestwood  Lodge,  Arnold, 
Notts,  was  a  good  2nd ;  and  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Maxwell 
was  a  creditable  3rd. 

Six  Kinds,  no  Pines. — Mr.  J.  Edmonds  was  1st, 
with  a  splendid  collection ;  Mr.  J.  Stoney  and  Mr. 
J.  Elsworthy,  Court  Hey,  came  in  the  order  named. 
For  two  Pines  the  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynne  (gr.,  Mr.  J. 
Bennett),  North  Wales,  was  1st  with  a  pair  of  fine 
Prince  Alberts. 

For  four  distinct  varieties  of  Grapes,  two  black 
and  two  white,  R.  Pilkington,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  G.  Mid- 
dleton,  St.  Helen's),  was  1st,  having  fine  Muscat  of 
Alexandria, Madresfield  Court,  and  Black  Hamburgh. 
Mr.  Middleton  was  1st  in  a  competition  of  nine  for 
two  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  with  fine  large 
berries. 

For  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  Hamburgh 
excluded,  Mr.  J.  Barker  was  1st  with  a  grand  pair  of 
Madresfield  Court,  weighing  fully  3  lb.  each.  For 
two  bunches  of  white,  Mr.  J.  Bennett  was  1st.  with 
the  Duke  of  Buccleuch.  Peaches  and  Nectarines 
were  good,  1st  prizes  being  awarded  to  Messrs.  Lewis, 
J.  Edmonds,  and  J.  Harris.  For  the  best  green-fleshtd 
Melon,  all  the  prizes  were  awarded  for  fruits  of  the 
Hero  of  Lockinge,  Mr.  N.  E.  Owens  being  1st.  Mr. 
J.  J.  Oakes  had  the  best  scarlet-fleshed  variety. 
Strawberries  and  Cherries  were  shown  well.  For  six 
kinds  of  hardy  fruits,  Colonel  Wlng£eld  (gr.,  Mr.  J. 
Lambert")  was  1st. 

Vegetables. 
The  best  twelve  kinds  were  from  the  Hon.  W.  P. 
Talbot  (gr.,  C.  J.  Waite),  Esher,  Surrey,  with  fine 
Tomatos  Reading  Perfection,  Egyptian  Beet,  Jubi- 
lee Beans,  &c.  For  a  like  lot,  confined  within  a 
radius  of  10  miles  of  Liverpool,  Mr.  Stoney  was  1st 
\yitb  a  splejidid  Jot ;  Messrs.  A.  R,  Cox  an4  J,  Rain- 


ford  following.  For  six  kinds,  Messrs.  J.  Bennett, 
W.  Norrey,  and  J.  Lowndes,  were  the  prize  winners 
out  of  seven  competitors.  For  six  varieties  of  Peas, 
R.  Brocklebank,  Esq.  (gr.,  Mr.  J.  Winckworth),  was 
1st.  For  six  distinct  varieties  of  Potatos,  three 
round  and  three  kidney,  J.  M.  Biddulph,  Esq.  (gr., 
Mr.  J.  Oakfield),  Ruabon,  was  1st.  For  four  varie- 
ties, Mr.  J.  Rainford  was  the  best.  Mr.  J.  Almond 
was  1st  for  two  varieties.  For  three  varieties  of 
Tomatos,  Mr.  J.  Elsworthy  >von,  with  Trophy,  Ded- 
ham  Favourite,  and  Excelsior.  For  the  single  dish, 
Mr.  Almond  won,  with  Trophy. 

Silver  Medals  were  awarded  to  F.  &  J.  Mee,  for 
their  patent  double-acting  \vrought-iron  saddle- 
boiler  with  water-way  bars  back  and  front.  To 
Mr.  Joseph  Bramham,  for  wirework,  boilers,  &c. 
To  Bennett  Bros.,  for  boilers,  wirework,  garden 
seats,  &c. 

Certificates  were  awarded  to  the  Liverpool  Horti- 
cultural Company  for  an  especially  fine  collection  of 
Tea  Roses,  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  and  cut 
flowers.  To  Mr.  Thos.  Foster,  for  a  Fern  (Athyriura) 
seedling.  To  Mr.  J.  Tynan,  for  a  collection  of 
annual  Chrysanthemums,  cut  flowers.  To  Messrs. 
R.  P.  Ker  &  Son,  for  stove  and  greenhouse  plants, 
pot  Vines,  &c.  To  Mr.  John  Webster,  Wavertree, 
for  garden  frames.  To  Jlessrs.  Franklin  &  Hock- 
ing, for  small  heating  apparatus.  To  Mr.  J.  Palmer, 
for  Jubilee  post-seat.  To  ^Messrs.  Wade  &  Co.,  for 
small  greenhouse.  To  Messrs.  R.  P.  Ker  &  Son,  for 
the  following  new  plants  : — Aristolochia  elegans, 
Croton  Sunrise,  C.  Gordoni,  Phyllanthus  Chantini, 
Selaginella  Emiliana.  S.  amcena,  Davallia  tenui- 
folia  Veitchiana,  and  Nephrolepis  rufescens  tripin- 
natida.  To  Mr.  A.  R.  Cox  was  awarded  a  Cultural 
Certificate,  for  Ixora  coccinea.  Mr.  P.  B.  Ilackin, 
Liverpool,  had  an  assortment  of  Teak-wood  plant 
tubs  and  Teak  for  Orchid  baskets  and  Bamboos. 


NORTHAMPTONSHIRE    HORTICUL- 
TXJRAL. 

August  1. — This  was  the  sixth  annual  exhibition 
of  the  Society — a  comparatively  new  institution,  that 
succeeds  one  that  became  defunct  in  1881.  The 
show  was  a  large  one,  occupying  five  commodious 
tents,  and  it  took  place,  in  Delapre  Park,  the 
residence  of  J.  S.  Bouverie,  Esq.,  which  is  close 
to  the  town.  The  day  was  brilliantly  fine,  and  a 
great  throng  of  people  attended  the  exhibition. 

Plants. — The  leading  class  was  for  twelve  stove 
and  greenhouse  plants,  six  in  flower  and  six  foliage, 
Mr.  James  Cypher,  nurseryman,  Clieltenham,  being 
an  excellent  1st.  having  a  remarkably  good  lot,  his 
flowering  plants  especially  being  fresh  and  bright; 
of  these  he  had  Erica  Thompsoni,  E.  tricolor  major, 
Pho^nocoma  prolifera  Barnesi,  Lcora  Regina,  Statice 
profusa,  and  Stephanotis  floribunda,  with  the  fol- 
lowing fine  specimen  foliage  plants: — Cycas  circi- 
nalis,  C.  revoluta,  Kentia  Fosteriana,  Latania  bor- 
bonica,  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  and  Cordyline  indi- 
visa.  2nd.  Mr.  W.  Finch,  gr.  to  J.  Marriott,  Esq., 
Queen's  Road,  Coventry,  who  had  a  good  lot  also, 
having  of  flowering  plants,  Dipladenia  hybrida,  Erica 
Lindleyana,  Ixora  amabilis,  Statice  profusa,  Croton 
majesticum,  C.  Mortii,  and  C.  montfortensis,  finely 
coloured,  and  three  fine  Palms.  There  were  but  two 
entries  in  this  class,  but  in  that  for  ten  plants,  five 
flowering  and  five  foliaged,  Mr.  Finch  was  a  good 
1st,  having  excellent  plants  of  Erica  Parmentieri 
rosea,  E.  tricolor  impressa,  Dipladenia  hybrida,  Fran- 
ciscea  calycina  major.  Statice  profusa,  Kentia  Bal- 
moreana,  Croton  Mortii  and  C.  Queen  Victoria, 
Anthurium  Veitchianum,  and  Cocos  Weddelliana. 
2nd.  Mr.  W.  L.  Bird,  gr.  to  A.  Seymour,  Norton 
Hall,  Daventry,  with  some  remarkably  good  plants. 
The  groups  in  these  two  classes  formed  a  most  im- 
posin-T'  group  in  the  centre  of  an  immense  round  tent, 
but  they  were  unfortunately  roughly  staged,  being  set 
up  too  high,  beer  barrels  being  used  for  the  purpose  ; 
but  it  might  be  said  something  of  the  kind  was  re- 
quired, or  the  plants  would  have  appeared  dwarfed 
out  of  all  proportion  in  so  spacious  a  tent.  Round  the 
circumference  was  a  line  of  Coleus,  the  best  six,  and 
a  very  good  lot  too,  being  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Under- 
wood, the  gardener  at  Delapre  Park;  also  the 
Fuchsias,  the  best  six  specimens  coming  from  Mr, 
J.  Hightley,  gr.  to  Sir  Hereward  Wake,  Bart., 
Courteen  Hall,  Roade  ;  and  the  zonal  Pelargoniums, 
which  were  numerous  and  very  good. 

Mr.  W.  L.  Bird  had  the  best  six  exotic  Ferns, 
staging  fine .  specimens  of  Davallia  Mooreana,  a 
seedling  golden  Gymnogramma,  Adiantum  cunea- 
tum,  A.  concinnum  latum,  Nephrolepis  davalloides 
furcans,  and  a  pice  piece  qf  the  Bird's-nest  Fera. 


2nd,  Mr.  J,  Holland,  with  good  plants  also,  having 
Gleichenia  Mendelii,  G,  speluncao,  Ad  ^antum  Far- 
leyense,  &c. 

Groups  arranged  for  Effect. — These  were  a  leading 
feature,  and  the  competition  excited  great  interest. 
There  were  two  classes,  and  the  groups  were  arranged 
in  two  long  narrow  tents  in  squares,  which,  following 
the  lines  ot  the  tents,  caused  them  to  appear  less 
effective  than  if  arranged  in  circles  or  semicircles. 
In  the  open  class  for  a  group  occupying  a  space  of  240 
feet  Mr.  James  Cypher  was  1st,  with  an  arrangement 
showing  excellent  grouping — Crotons,  Palms,  and 
such-like  rising  above  a  bed  of  dwarf  Ferns,  which 
should  have  been  of  a  denser  character  in  order  to 
have  more  effectually  hidden  the  pots.  2nd,  Mr.  J. 
Parker,  Victoria  Nursery,  Rugby,  also  with  a  good 
group,  in  the  centre  of  which  was  a  fine  specimen  of 
LagerstriJmia  indica,  which,  though  grandly  flowered, 
was  somewhat  out  of  proportion  to  the  rest  of  the 
plants  employed.  In  the  class  open  for  gardeners 
only  there  were  several  groups,  but  they  were  want- 
ing in  effective  arrangement,  good  plants  being 
employed,  but  undue  crowding  was  a  common  fault. 
Here  Mr.  W.  S.  Miller,  gr.  to  Sir  R.  Loder,  Bart., 
Whittlebury,  Towcester,  was  1st,  specimen  plants 
being  largely  employed. 

In  the  general  department  of  the  show  were 
Caladiums,  flowering  and  foliaged  Begonias,  Petunias, 
Cockscombs,  Achimenes,  Gloxinias,  Selaginellas,  &c., 
all  creditably  exhibited.  Mention  must  be  made 
of  the  excellent  lot  of  six  flowering  Begonias  set  up 
by  Mr.  F.  Dovey,  gr.  to  F.  B.  Simpson,  Esq.,  Broom 
Hill.  Spratton,  mainly  double  varieties ;  Edward 
Edwards,  Esq.,  Holmeside,  Leighton  Buzzard,  being 
a  good  2nd. 

Cut  Flowers. — Certain  classes  for  these  were  also 
open  to  all  comers.  Here  Messrs.  R.  Mack  &  Son, 
nurserymen,  Catterick  Bridge,  Yorks.  were  1st  with 
twenty-four  Roses,  a  very  nice  fresh  bright  lot  con- 
sidering the  weather.  Messrs.  R.  Mack  &  Sons  also 
had  the  best  twelve,  and  here  Pierre  Netting  was  again 
strikingly  fine.  But  Mr.  Bennett  had  the  best  twelve 
Tea  Roses.  Collections  of  24  bunches  of  flowers  of 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  were  a  great  feature. 
Here  Mr.  W.  Finch  was  1st  with  a  very  fine  and 
showy  lot  consisting  .of  Allamandas,  Dipladenias, 
Orchids.  Ixoras,  &c.,  in  very  fine  bunches.  Mr.  W. 
S.  Miller  had  the  best  twelve  bunches.  Bunches  of 
hardy  herbaceous  flowers  were  a  fine  feature  also, 
Mr.  \V.  S.  Miller  being  again  1st.  There  were  other 
smaller  classes  for  cut  flowers. 

Table  Decorations. — Here  Mr.  Cypher  was  to  the 
fore  with  a  table  9  by  5  feet,  laid  out  in  his  usual 
excellent  style  ;  Mr.  J.  Parker  being  2d. 

Fruit. 

In  the  class  for  nine  dishes,  distinct,  Mr.  W.  L. 
Bird  was  the  only  exhibitor,  having  Black  Hamburgh 
and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  Royal  George 
Peaches,  Violette  Hative  Nectarines,  Melon,  Figs, 
&c.  In  the  class  for  six  distinct  varieties,  Mr.  W. 
Fair,  gr.  to  Sir  Rainald  Knightley,  Bart.,  Fawsley, 
Daventry,  was  1st,  having  Black  Hamburgh  and  Dr. 
Hogg  Grapes,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cherries,  and  Figs. 
Mr.  W.  S.  Miller  had  the  best  three  bunches  of 
black  Grapes,  staging  three  superb  bunches  of  Black 
Hamburgh ;  Mr.  H.  Birch,  The  Gardens,  Castle 
Ashby,  Southampton,  being  2nd.  The  best  three 
bunches  of  white  Grapes  were  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
from  Mr.  E.  Huggard,  gr.  to  Viscount  Do^vne, 
Dingley,  Market  Harborough  ;  Mr.  Fair  being  2nd, 
with  Foster's  Seedling.  Melons,  Peaches,  Nectarines, 
&c..  were  all  good. 

Vegetables. — The  best  collection  of  fifteen  varieties 
came  from  Mr.  Geo.  Robinson,  gr.  to  J.  Hervard,  Esq., 
Abbey  Close,  Bedford.  There  were  fine  lots  in  this 
class.  Mr.  G.  S.  Grifith  had  the  best  eight  varieties. 
Potatos,  Onions.  &c.,  were  well  shown — proving 
how  well  adapted  the  soil  of  Northampton  is  to  pro- 
duce these  in  the  best  condition.  In  the  amateurs 
and  cottager's  divisions  plants,  cut  flowers,  and 
vegetables  were  numerous,  and  very  good  indeed 


William  SherWIN. — We  regret  to  hare  to  record 
the  death  of  William  Sherwin,  Esq.,  F.K.H.S.,  of 
Farnborough  Grange,  Hants,  on  the  25th  ult.,  aged 
seventy-nine.  The  deceased  gentleman  was  a  good 
supporter  of  horticulture,  liberally  spending  his 
wealth  in  all  good  hardy  plants  and  shrubs,  &c.,  and 
in  making  his  garden  rich  in  good  things,  including 
Orchids.  He  had  a  refined  taste,  and  an  extensivfl 
knowledge  of  plants  and  of  fruits, 


174 


THE     GARDENEB8'     CEBONIGLE. 


[August  6,  1887. 


The  Weather. 


[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  33°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees — a  "Day-degree"  signifying  V  contiuued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperature. 

Above  or 

Accumulated. 

li 

Sg 

tielow   the 

h 

S'o' 

Mean  for 

<2.M 

^  '^   • 

aS  • 

the    week 

S-iS 

-5 -^00 

ending 

Aug.  1. 

•§1 

Ifl" 

<ii 

mi 

Day- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day- 

ducing  Districts. 

deg. 

deg. 

0.  SOOTLAKD,  N.     ... 

0  (aver.) 

91 

0 

+  217 

+    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

1  above 

110 

0 

+  242 

+    41 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

1  above 

130 

0 

+  133 

+    83 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

1  above 

U7 

0 

+    33 

+  163 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

0  (aver.) 

135 

0 

+    78 

+  166 

5.  England,  S.     ... 

1  above 

143 

0 

+      6 

-(-  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.   ... 

1  below 

105 

0 

+  137 

+    47 

7.  England.N.W.... 

0  (aver.) 

125 

0 

+    98 

+  118 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

1  below 

126 

0 

+    98 

+  172 

9.  IBELAND,  N. 

1  below 

109 

0 

+  265 

+    23 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

1  below 

123 

0 

+  265 

+    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

2  above 

146 

0 

+    40 

+    77 

Rainfall. 

Bright 
Sunshine. 

Districts. 

I*' 

1   _ 

III 

III 

Principal     Wheat-pro- 
duciug  Districts. 

Tenths   of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

3  more 

125 

22.0 

27 

25 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

0  (aver). 

93 

11.2 

33 

34 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

2  less 

83 

7.6 

39 

34 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

1  less 

77 

8.7 

51 

42 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

2  less 

74 

9.2 

48 

37 

5.  England,  S.      ... 

2  less 

72 

9.0 

55 

41 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

2  less 

99 

19.2 

35 

37 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

2  less 

77 

11.6 

34 

39 

8.  England.  S.W.... 

1  less 

78 

10.9 

50 

47 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

2  more 

95 

14.8 

40 

35 

10.  Ireland.  S. 

1  more 

81 

13.3 

43 

43 

—  Channel  Islands 

1  less 

86 

9.2 

62 

51 

experienced' in  many  parts  of  the  kingdom  on  the 
31st,  more  especially  orer  Central  and  Eastern 
England. 

"  The  temperature  has  been  equal  to  or  about  1° 
above  the  mean  value  in  nearly  all  districts,  but  in 
'  Scotland,  W.,'  and  '  England,  S.W.,'  a  slight  deficit 
is  shown.  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which  were 
recorded  on  irregular  dates,  varied  from  67°  in 
'  Scotland,  W.,'  and  69°  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'  and  '  Ire- 
land, N.,'  to  78°  or  79°  over  the  greater  part  of 
England.  The  lowest  of  the  minima  were  registered 
on  the  last  day  of  the  period,  when  the  thermometer 
fell  to  between  36°  and  40°  in  Scotland,  and  to 
between  40°  and  44°  in  England  and  Ireland  ;  in 
the  '  Channel  Islands '  the  lowest  reading  was  53°. 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  over 
Ireland  and  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'  and  about  equal  to  it 
in  '  Scotland,  E.,'  but  less  in  all  other  parts  of  the 
kingdom. 

"  Bright  sunshine  shows  a  decrease  over  England 
and  the  greater  part  of  Scotland,  but  .in  increase  in 
Ireland  and  the  extreme  north  of  Scotland.  The 
percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration  ranged 
from  62  in  the  '  Channel  Islands,'  and  to  between 
40  and  55  in  most  parts  of  England  and  Ireland,  to 
27  in  '  Scotland,  N.'  " 


MEAN  TEMPERATURE  OBSERVED  AT  OHISWIOK  DUR- 
ING THE  WEEK  ENDING  AUGUST  13.  (AVERAGE 
OF  FORTY-THKEE  YEARS.) 


Aug.   7   ...        . 
„     8   ... 

...    6.3'>.0 
...     62'=.9 

Aug.  11    ... 
„   12   ... 

..  62''.8 
.     62°.7 

„      9   ... 

„    10    ... 

...    62°.9 
...    62''.8 

„    13  ... 
Mean  for  the  w 

eek 

..  62''.6 
..     62°.8 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Aug.  1,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  wcafhir  continued  in  an  unsettled  condition 
over  Scotland  and  Ireland  during  the  greater  part 
of  the  period,  with  ratlier  frequent  falls  of  rain ; 
over  England,  however,  it  was  generally  fair  or  fine, 
and  the  rainfall  slight.     Thunder  and  lightning  were 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


AuBicuLAs;  A  A'ew  Siiiscriber.  Apply  to  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  Slough  ;  he  would  also  furnish  the  other 
information  you  require. 

Book  on  Table  Decoration  :  A  Young  Gardener. 
Table  Decoration.  By  W.  Low,  Euston  Hall 
Gardens.     Chapman  &  Hall,  London, 

Campanula  carp.itica  :  V.  The  specimens  were 
not  in  a  condition  to  pronounce  an  adequate 
opinion  upon.  They  are,  however,  quite  distinct, 
and  seem  as  if  they  would  form  acceptable 
novelties. 

Cape  Heaths  :  W.  Osborne.  Almost  all  species  should 
grow  in  your  island.  You  should  try  experiments 
yourself 

Caknations  t  G.  B.  Good  border  plants  only,  that 
would  be  out  of  place  as  exhibition  flowers. 

CoKBECTiONS.~At  p.  140,  col.  b,  fifteen  lines  from 
top,  the  word  "  Croton  "  was,  by  a  printer's  error, 
inserted  for  "  C."  (standing  for  Cypripedium). 
—" 'Watering  Plants  "  :  J.  E.  E.  Mr.  Heaton's 
letter.  It  was  our  correspondent,  "  X.,"  and  not 
Mr.  Ewing,  who  made  the  erroneous  statement 
that  plants  grow  in  the  daytime. 
Fifteen  Distinct  Kinds  of  'Vegetables:  Com- 
mitteeman. We  should  consider  B.'s  list  the  better 
one,  because  it  contains  fifteen  distinct  kinds, 
whereas  A.'s  has  two  varieties  of  one  kind,  viz., 
'Vegetable  Marrow.  Taking  the  wording  of  the 
schedule  literally,  fifteen  distinct  varieties  might 
be  made  to  include  as  many  varieties  of  any  one 
kind  of  vegetable  ;  it  should  be  fcinds,  to  be  quite 
unmistakable. 
Fruit  or  Cycas  eevoluta  :  D.  B.  No  ;  we  sliould 
not  include  it  in  a  collection  of  fruit  as  ordinarily 
understood. 
Grapes  :  T.  C.  The  bunch  must  have  produced  two 
sets  of  blossoms  at  two  different  times ;  tlie  first 
set  well,  owing  to  the  abundance  of  pollen  at  the 
time ;  whilst  the  second  did  not,  and  are  green, 
small,  and  seedless,  the  first-set  berries  being, 
contrariwise,  perfect  in  every  way. 
Label  from  America  :  W.  W.  D.  The  words  are— 
Testudinaria  elephantipes— a  warm  house  creeper 
from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 
Names  of  Fruits  :  R.  W.  The  Peach  is  Early  Grosse 
Mignonne  probably. — 7?.  J.  H.,  Favershain.  The 
Grape  resembles  White  Nice  more  than  any  other 
Grape  with  which  we  are  acquainted.  It  is  cer- 
tainly not  Muscat  of  Alexandria. 
Names  of  Plants:  Jno.  Cobban  4'  'Sora.  Catasetum 
fimbriatum. — (?.  T.  S.,  Wroxall.  Calycanthus  occi- 
dentalis. —  B.  A.  G.  2,  Eryngium  Oliverianum. — 
3,  E.  planum.  —  McP.  1,  Urospermiim  Dale- 
champii ;  2,  Francoa  sonchifolia ;  3.  Ela'agnus 
argentea;  4,  E.  umbellata.  Neither  of  these  is 
Shepherdia  argentea.  —  A  Grass.  2,  Agrostis 
vulgaris ;  3,  Molinia  coerulea  ?  ;  4,  I'hleuin  pra- 
tense;  0,  Briza  media;  1  and  6,  Deschampsia 
cajspitosa. — J.  C,  Amateur.    1,  Juniperus  chinensis ; 


2,  Amelanchier  alnifolia;  3,  Berberis  AVallichiana? 
no  flowers  or  fruit ;  5,  Philadelphus  coronarius  ; 
4,  send  when  in  flower.— if.  A/.  I,  Epidendram 
alatum  ;  2,  Brassia  brachiata ;  3,  Epidendrum  cam- 
pylostalix.— ff.  W.  The  Thalictrums  are;— 1,  T. 
nigricans  ;  2,  T.  angustifolium  ;  but  both  are  con- 
sidered to  be  forms  of  one  plant. — Par/e.  Yes, 
you  may  take  this  as  Shamrock  if  you  like.  It  is  a 
Trefoil. 
New  Seedling  Pea:  Hurst  ij-  Son.  We  think  it  a 
fine  large  Pea,  with  well  filled  pods  ;  the  seeds  of 
a  dark  green  colour,  but,  like  so  many  of  the  new 
varieties  sent  out,  not  too  sugary. 

Oat  :  Landlord.  It  is  an  ear  of  a  wild  Oat. 
We  cannot  say  how  it  may  have  reached  your 
field.  It  is  now  too  late  to  do  more  than  pull  up 
every  plant  of  the  wildling  observed.  Change  the 
seed  another  year. 

Orchids  :  B.  J.  Your  Miltonia  vexillaria  rubella 
will  doubtless  prove  a  fine  thing.  Cypripedium 
GodefroyjE  is  a  good  variety.  Zygopetalum  maxil- 
lare,  not  Z.  Gautieri,  as  figured.  Odontoglossum 
Weltoni  should  be  called  by  its  proper  name, 
Miltonia  Warscewiczii ;  three  varieties  of  Mil- 
tonia spectabilis,  viz.,  the  typical  flower,  M.  s. 
radians  (not  radiata),  and  M.  s.  Morelliana,  an  in- 
ferior form.  Lffilia  («/««  Cattleya)  crispa.  The 
other  Cattleyas  are  correctly  named  and  good 
samples,  especially  C.  delicata.  The  other  speci- 
mens are  good  but  do  not  require  special  notice. 

Palms  :  G.  B.  The  leaves  would  not  perhaps  have 
expanded  so  soon  had  shading  for  a  longer  period 
each  day  been  resorted  to. 

'Vine:  L.  S.  Your  bunches  of  Grapes  are  badly 
shanked.  See  "Notices  to  Correspondents"  in 
our  issue  of  last  week. 

*»*  Correspondents  will  greatly  oblige  by  sending 
early  intelligence  of  local  events  likely  to  be  of 
interest  to  our  readers,  or  which  it  is  desirable  to 
bring  under  the  notice  of  horticulturists. 

Intelligent  Keadebs,  do  please  Note  that  letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of 
the  Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Publisher, 
and  that  all  communications  intended  for  publica- 
tion, as  well  as  specimens  and  plants  for  naming, 
should  be  addressed  to  the  Editor.  Such  com- 
munications should  be  written  on  one  side  only 
of  the  paper,  and  sent  as  early  in  the  week  as  pos- 
sible. Correspondents  sending  newspapers  should 
be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs  they  wish  the 
Editor  to  see. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Frederick  Lipscombe  &  Co.,  233,  Strand,  London, 

W.C— Water  Filters. 
Bark  &  Son,  12  and  13,  King  Street,  Covent  Gar- 
den, W.C— New  Dafi"odils. 
John  Downie.  144,  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh,  N.B. 
—Dutch  Bulbs,  &c. 

DicKSONS    &    Co.,    1,    Waterloo   Place,    Edinburgh, 
N.B.— Flower  Roots. 

Jas.  M.  Thorburn  &   Co.,   15,  John    Street,   New 
York,  U.S.A. — Seeds  of  American  Trees. 

H.  Dammann,  Juu.,  Breslau,  Germany  —  Lilies-of- 
the-Vallev  Crowns. 

Ch.  Lorenz,  100  — 103,  John  Street,  Erfurt,    Ger- 
many— Bulbs,  Flower  and  Vegetable  Seeds. 

J.   CuNoi  Stephanskirchhof   Bremen--Machine  for 
Cutting  Turf  and  the  Edges  of  Garden  Lawns. 

Northern  Foundry  Company  —  Boilers,    Castings, 
&c. 

James   Backhouse   &    Son,   York  —  Flower   Roots, 
Spring  Flowering  Plants,  Strawberries,  &c. 

L.   Sp-'iTH,   Rixdorf  Berlin— Flower  Roots,    Straw- 
berries, Roses  for  Forcing,  &c. 

James  Dickson  &  Sons.  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester 
— Strawberries,  Pseonies,  Bulbs,  &c. 

W.  Cutbush  &  Sons,  Highgate  Nurseries,  London, 
N.— Bulbs,  &c. 

Alfred  Legekton,  5,  Aldgate,  London,  E. — Whole- 
sale List  of  Dutch  Flower  Roots,  &c. 

F.  &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Upton  Nurseries,  Chester, 
Dutch  Bulbs,  &c. 


Communications  Received;— I.  O.  W.— G.  B.  M.— .T.  B.— 
B  Wells. — R.  D. — T.  C— T.  Loekwood  (send  other  diseased 
leaves).— T.  W.  K.— J.  C.  &  Co.— Miller  &  Johnson.— O. 
Benthe.— W.  G.— J.  M.— T.  W.  B.— W.  G.  G.— G.  T.  M.— 
W.  S.  (too  late).— L.  A.  L.— A.  G.— N.  C.  B— K.  W.  (we 
shall  bo  glad  to  hear).— D.  B.  C— Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons.— 
S.  &  S.  (neit  week).— M.  D.— H.  W.  (next  week).-E.  P.— 
W.  ThrelfaU.— J,  W. 


AuotTST  6.  1887.] 


THE     GABDENERS'     GHBONIGLE. 


175 


'ARKET8. 


COVENT  GABDEN,  August  4. 

[We  cannot  accept  any  editorial  re.-^ponsibility  for  the  subjoined 
reports,  which,  however,  are  furnished  to  us  reguhirly 
every  Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal 
salesmen,  who  revise  the  list,  nnd  who  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
represent  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our 
report.  The  price^j  depend  upon  the  quality  of  the  samples, 
the  supply  in  the  market,  and  they  fluctuate,  not  only 
from  day  to  day,  but  often  several  times  in  one  day,  and 
therefore  the  prices  quoted  as  averages  for  the  past  week 
must  not  be  taken  as  indicating  the  particular  prices  at 
any  particular  date,  and  still  less  can  they  be  taken  as 
guides  to  the  prices  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Supplies  of  soft  fruit  falling  off,  the  drought 
bringing  down  -weight  considerably,  especially  Black 
Currants  and  Kaspbernes.  The  Cherry  crop  has 
been  good  both  as  to  quantity  and  quality,  and  prices 
have  well  remunerated  growers.  Fine  samples  of 
Peaches  in  fair  demand,  but  mediums  heavy  sale. 
Business  settling  down  quiet.  James  Webber,  Whole- 
sale Apple  Market. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Balsams,  per  dozen...  3 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ...  4 
Cyp«ru3,  per  dozen  .  4 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen  ...        ...30 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9 
Euonymus,  in     var., 

per  dozen 6 

Evergreens,  in  var., 


Ficus  elastica.  each  .  1 
Foliage  plants,  vari- 

Fuchsias,  doz.  ...  3 

Heliotrope,  dozen   ...  4 


0-18  0     Hydrangeas,  doz.    ...  9  0-12  0 
0-6  0     Lilium   longiHorum, 

0-90,      per  dozen IS  0-24  0 

0-12  0  j     —  lancifolium,    per 

dozen         9  0-18  0 

0-«0  0    Lobelias,  dozen       ...  3  0-  4  0 
0-24  0     Marguerite       Daisy, 

I      per  dozen 6  0-12  0 

0-18  0    Mignonette,  doz.    ...  4  0-  6  0 

,  Musk,  per  dozen  ...  2  0-  4  0 
0-24  0     Myrtles,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  0 

I  Palms,  in  var.,  each  3  fr-21  0 
0-18  0  j  Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 
6-7  0       —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

j  —  Ivy-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
0-10  0  I  Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-90 
0-9  0  Scented  Verbena,doz.  4  0-60 
0-80, 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons.  12  bun  ...  2  i 
Arum  Lilies,  12  bims.  3  i 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  0  i 
Carnations,  12  blms.  0  i 

—  dozen  bunches...  3  i 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  1  I 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  3  ( 
Gardenias.  12  blooms  2  ( 
Heliotropes,  12  spr.  0  ( 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  0  t 
Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms 3  ( 

—  lancifolium,  12  bl.  1  ( 
Marguerites,  12  bim.  3  ( 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  2  ( 


Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...2  0-3  0 
Pelargoniums,  12  spr.  0  6-10 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  4-06 
Pinks,   coloured  and 

white,  12  bun.  ...20-40 
Primiilas,  double,  12 

sprays        0  9-10 

Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  0-60 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-16 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6-10 

—  red,  perdozen  ...  0  6-  1  0 

—  Saffrano,  dozen...  0  9-10 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-  4  U 
Tropteolums,  12  bun.  10-20 
Tuberoses.  12 blms....  0  6-10 


Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Cherries,  ^sieve  ...3  0-6  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  1  0-  2  6 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  0  9-16 
Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  each  ...  16-30 


Peaches,  dozen  ...  2  0-  8  0 
Pine-apples,  Eng.,  lb.  10-16 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 
Strawberries,  per  lb.  0  3-  1  0 


Vegetables — Average  Retail  Prices. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 


Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  spring, 

each  

Celery,  per  bundle .. 
Cucumbers,  each     .. 
Endive,  per  dozen  .. 
GreenAHnt,  bunch...  0  4- 
Herbs,  per  bunch    ...  0  4- 
Leeks,  per  bunch    ...  0  3- 
Lettuce,  perdozen  ...  1  6- 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each...  0  2- 


,  0  4-  ... 


,30-. 


Mushrooms,  punnet  16-20 
Mustard    and   Cress, 

punnet       0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel ...  4  0-  ... 
Parsley,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Peas,  per  quart  ...  1  0-  ... 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ...  4  0-  5  0 

,,  kidney,  percwt.  4  0-50 
Shallots,  per  lb.  ...  0  3-  ... 
Spinach,  per  bushel...  6  0-  ... 
Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 

Tomatos,  per  lb.  ...  0  9-  ... 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  8-  ... 
Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  3-  ... 


Potatos. — Jerseys  about  finished.  Kents,  2s.  6d.  to  4s.  per 
bushel ;  Cherbourgs,  4s.  to  6s. ;  Roses,  5s.  to  6.5.  ;  Beauties, 
6s.  to  7s.  per  cwt. 


SEEDS. 

London:  Aut/ust  S. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London  E.G., 
report  a  steady  inquiry  for  Trifolium  ;  the  supply  of 
new  seed  being  for  the  moment  small,  full  prices 
are  readily  obtained ;  the  crop  of  English  is  proving 
shorter  than  was  at  one  time  thought.  For  sowing 
Mustard  there  is  a  good  salt;  at  an  advance  of  six- 
pence per  bushel  dearer.  Ntw  samples  of  home- 
grown Rye,  Rape  seed,  Peas,  and  winter  Tares  are 
now  offering.  In  bird  seeds  there  is  this  week  no 
quotable  alteration. 


CORN. 

Averages. — Official  statement  showing  thip  average 
price  ot  British  oorn,  imperial  measure,  in  the  week 
ended  July  30  :— Wheat,  34*.  'Sd.;  Barley.  21s.  8^^.; 
Oats,  17s.  \d.  For  the  corresponding  week  in  1886  : 
—Wheat,  325. ;  Barley,  'Xs,  iOd. ;  Oats,  20s.  7d. 


FRTHT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  Londun)  :  August  3.  —  Ample 
supplies  of  all  kinds  of  produce,  with  a  fairly  good 
demand  at  moderate  prices.  Fruit  trade  brisk.  Quo- 
tations:— Black  Currants,  3s.  to  3s.  Qd.  per  half- 
sieve  ;  white  Currants,  3s.  3d.  to  4s.  do. ;  red  Cur- 
rants, 2s.  Qd.  to  3s.  do.  ;  Gooseberries,  Is.  6f^.  to  2*. 
do. ;  black  Cherries,  4s.  to45. 6(/.  do.;  white  Cherries, 
5s.  to  6s.  Gd.  do.;  Green  Gages,  2s.Qd.  to  3s.  per  box  ; 
Plums,  2s.  6rf.  to  3s.  6*/.  do. ;  Raspberries,  3s.  to 
3s.  6d.  per  dozen  pounds  (in  pound  punnets) ; 
Apples,  6s.  to  7s.  6^.  per  bushel ;  Pears,  3s.  to 
3s.  Gd.  per  moUey ;  Tomatos,  Is.  to  Is.  Gd.  per  box  ; 
Peas,  45.  to  8s.  per  bag  ;  Cabbages,  45.  to  6s.  per 
tally  ;  Mint,  35.  to  os.  per  dozen  bunches ;  Parsley, 
2s.  to  2s.  Gd.  do. ;  Onions,  2s.  6d.  to  3s.  Gd.  do. ; 
Turnips,  2s.  Gd.  to  35.  Gd.  do. ;  Carrots,  2s.  Gd.  to 
3s.  Gd.  do. ;  Cos  Lettuces,  Sd.  to  Is.  per  score ;  frame 
Cucumbers,  3s.  to  55.  Gd.  per  dozen ;  common  ditto, 
9(/.  to  Is.  Sd.  do. 

Stratford  :  Aiigitst  2. — The  market  has  been  well 
supplied,  and  a  brisk  trade  was  done  at  the  under- 
mentioned quotations : — Cabbages,  45.  to  6s.  per  tally  ; 
Turnips,  Shaws,  65.  to  Gs.Gd.  percwt. ;  Mangels,  165. 
to  20s.  per  ton ;  Apples,  English,  6s.  per  bushel ; 
ditto.  Lisbon,  10s.  to  lis.  per  case  ;  Marrows,  Is.  to 
\s.  Gd.  per  dozen  ;  Beans,  scarlet,  4s.  6^^.  to  t>s.  Gd. 
per  bushel ;  do.  Broad,  3s.  to  3s.  Gd.  per  bag ;  Cur- 
rants, black,  3s.  to  3s.  Gd.  per  half  sieve  ;  do.  red,  3s. 
to  3s'.  Gd.  do.  ;  Cherries,  white,  55.  to  6s.  do. ;  do. 
black,  45.  to  5s.  do. ;  Green  Gages,  3s.  Gd.  to  4s.  Gd.  per 
box. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  August  2.  —Trade 
slow,  but  prime  qualities  uphold  their  value.  Quota- 
tions : — Essex  kidneys,  75.  to  9s. ;  do.  Shaws,  65.  to 
8s.  ;  Early  Roses,  5s.  to  6s.  ;  Hebrons,  6s.  Gd.  to  Ss. ; 
Myatts,  7s.  to  9s. ;  Jersey  kidneys,  8s.  to  9s. ;  Cher- 
bourg do.,  85.  to  9s. ;  do.  round,  65.  Gd.  to  Ss.  Gd. 
per  cwt, 

Columbia  (East  London) :  August  3. — Quotations  : 
— English  :  Early  Rose,  5s.  to  Gs.  Gd. ;  do.  Early 
Shaws,  bs.  to  Gs.  Gd.  ;  do.  Early  Myatts,  5s.  Gd. 
to  65.  Gd.\  Beauty  of  Hebron,  6s.  to  7s.;  Cherbourg 
flukes,  Gs.  to  7s. ;  do.  rounds,  5s.  to  bs.  Gd. ;  Jersey 
flukes,  Gs.  to  7s. ;  do.  rounds,  bs.  to   bs.  Gd.  per  cwt. 

Stratford:  August  2. — Quotations: — Early  Rose' 
1(X)5.  to  120s. ;  kidneys,  100s.  to  1305. ;  Beauty  of 
Hebron,  llOs.  to  140s. ;  Cherbourg  Blanches,  140s. 
to  160s.  per  ton. 

HAY- 

Averages. — The  following  are  the  averages  of  the 
prices  obtained  at  the  various  metropolitan  markets 
during  the  past  week  : — Clover,  prime,  90s.  to 
102*.  Gd.\  inferior,  705.  to  845.  ;  hay,  prime,  705. 
to  925. ;  inferior,  50s.  to  Gb.'^.  ;  and  straw,  34s,  to  47s. 
per  load. 


Vegetable  Products  of  the  Canary 
Islands. — According  to  a  recent  report  from  Ten- 
erirte  the  Cochineal  cultivation  still  continues  to 
decline,  notwithstanding  which  it  remains  the  staple 
article  of  export  from  the  islands,  the  total  quantity 
exported  amounting  to  1 ,449,698  lb.,  valued  at 
£78,525.  The  average  price  during  the  year  was  cal- 
culated at  about  Is.  Id,  per  lb.,  being 3(^.  lower  in  the 
pound  than  in  1885.  Oranges  and  Bananas  were 
shipped  in  great  quantities  for  London  and  Liver- 
pool. The  exportation  of  the  latter  had  considerably 
increased  over  the  year  before,  and  would  doubtless 
have  been  still  greater  had  it  not  been  for  quaran- 
tine impediments  on  arrivals  from  the  River  Plate ; 
nevertheless,  some  50,000  clusters  of  this  fruit  were 
exported  at  the  average  price  of  3s.  per  cluster,  equal 
in  value  to  about  £4400.  Tobacco  as  an  article  of 
export  is  becoming  of  great  importance  in  Teneriffe 
and  Grand  Canary,  where  several  factories  have  been 
established,  which  turn  out  considerable  quantities 
of  good  cigars,  much  approved  of  in  Germany,  Spain, 
and  South  America.  Large  consignments  were 
made  last  year  to  Spain  under  contract  with  the 
Government. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
PLANT  FRAMES 

Are  always  in  stock.  re;uly  to  be  sent  oEf  on  receipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the  best  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a  proper 
The  FRAMES  are  of  l^inch  boards,  13  inches  high 


...front.  24  inches  high  at  back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridce, 
bolted  at  the  corners,  easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The 
LIGHTS  are  2  inches  thick,  fitted  with  set-opes,  and  arranged 
to  turn  over,  back  and  front,  for  ventilating ;  the  whole  painted 
four  coats.  The  glass  is  ENGLISH  21-oz.  weight,  PACKED 
and  sent  CARRIAGE  PAID  to  any  station  in  England  and 
Wales,  also  to  Dublin.  Belfast,  Londonderry,  Cork,  Glasgow 
and  stations  equivalent. 

Cases  are  allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No.  74.— Plant  Frame,    ah  bUx.-^  m  stock. 


CASH      PRICES, 

I>"CLUDING   USE  OF  PACKING  CASES. 

Length.    Width.  Price. 

...    8  feet  by  6  feet  ...  £4  12    6 

...  12  feet  by  6  feet  ...  6    6    0. 

...  16  feet  by  6  feet  ...  8    0    0 

...  20feet  by  Sfeet  ...  9  15    0 
made.    See  LISTS,  post-free. 


2-):,IGHT  FRAME 


Smaller  Frames 


CATALOGUES 

of  Greenhouses.  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden  Frames  in  every 
variety.  Garden  Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  every- 
thing required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  post-free  on 
application. 

ESTEVIATES  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt  of  particulars. 

LADIES  and  GENTLEMEN  waited  upon  by  appointment 
in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

NORWICH. 


THOMAS'S  TRAINING  TRELLISES 

No.  81.     GAL^•A^■1SEU  AFTEK  MADE. 

For  Training  Peaa  instead  of 

Training  Plants  to  Walls,  &c. 

Is  Panels. 

6  feet  by  3  feet  ...  2S.  each. 
6  feet  by  4  feet  ...  3S.  each. 
6  feet  by  5  feet  ...  4S.  each. 
Also  used  for  training  plants, 
made  any  size  to  order. 
6-inch      4-inch      3-inch      2-inch      Ij-inch  mesh. 

2d.         3d.         ajd.        4d.         4§d.         per  foot  super. 
GALVANISED      WIRE      NETTING. 

Iniprovcvl  M.icliiui-made. 

Greatly  Reduced  Prices  per  Koll  of  60  Yards. 


3  ft. 


4  ft. 


8  ft. 


6  0  6  S  10  0 
6  9  9  0  13  6 
9    9      13    0      19    6 


l-in.   8    0     12    0     16    0     24    0 


STEEL    BABB    WIBE. 


100  yard  Reels    6     0 

„      J  cwt.  ...  12     6 
„      1  cwt.  ...  26    0 
Special  Quotations  for  Large 
Quantities. 


J.   J.   THOMAS   &   CO., 

87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.G.; 
Works:    362,    EDGWARE    ROAD,    LONDON,    W. 


THOS.    W.     ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,  STOURBRIDGE, 


The  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hotrwater  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  3(f .  each-; 
4-in.  Socket  Hotrwater  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  is,  6rf.  each. 
Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  List  a 


176 


THE    GARDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[[AnonsT  6,  1887. 


RICHARDSON'S 


^^SsHORTICULTURAL  BUILDINGS 

^^  Fixed   in   any   part   of   the 

ICingdom  with  Hot-water 

Apparatus  complete. 


CATALOGUE 
FKEE. 


North  of  England  Horticultural  WorksTS^W 

DARLINGTON. 


HY.     VAN     &     CO. 

(Tl.f  (llilest  Londou  House  in  the  Traile,  Estil.  1780). 

17,   Tooley   Street,    London    Bridge,   S.E. 


in,Mratcd  CATALnGVK.'i  Post-free. 
PROTECTION   FOR  FRUIT  AND  FLOWERS. 

GAKDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wiile.  Ijfi.,  or  per  100  yarila, 
10.S-. ;  ditto.  4  yards  wide.  3rf..  or  per  100  yards,  20.s. 

SCRIM  CANVAS.  1  yard  wide,  3rf. ;  IJ  yard,  4J(i. ;  and 
2  yards,  6rf.  per  yard. 

TIFFANY.  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  3s.  6(i.  per  piece. 

SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 

RICK  CLOTHS.  TARPAULINS,  Com  and  Potato  SACKS, 
FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c..  for  Sale  or  Hire. 

TOBACCO  PAPER.  RAFFIA,  and  Garden  MATS  al  all  kinds. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW,  LONDON,  E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLFS  Avn  CO.  will  Rive  Estimates  for  e\  er\ 
dascription  of  HURriCULrllRlL  WORK,  free  of  charge,  and 
send  competent  assist  inls  « lien  necessarj 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROtKWORK     material    m    various 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121.  Biinhill  Bow.  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildincs.  Greenhouses,  and 
Consenat.iri.-.  .nid  Oini  n-te  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 


i<feL:ftSSHOUSES8c«EAfWG: 


B-W-WA-RWU-RST 


tsiA,  BKA070BT  gTK£ET,  CHELaKA,  g.W.i<\  > 


PAXTON'S        CALENDAR. 


New  Edition,    Corrected  uj>  to  Date, 


THE     COTTAGER'S     CALENDAR 
OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO  HUNDRED   AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  Sin  JOSEPH  TAXTON,  M.P.,  Reprinted  from  the  Oardeners'  Chronicle. 


Price   3d.,     Post-free   8Jd.  ; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s. ;    fifty,  lOs.  ;    and  one  hundred,  20s. 

r.ircek  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  delivered,   Carriage  Free,   in   London   only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


AV.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


WORKS  OF  AUTHORITY  ON  BOTANY. 

SIR  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL  DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  History, 
and  Culture  of  all  Plants  known  in  Britain,  together  with  a  full  Explanation  of  Technical 
Terms.     Mediwn  8vo,  cloth,  price  25s. 

BOTANY  FOR  BEGINNERS.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T. 
JIasters,  JI.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Lecturer  on  Botany  at  St.  George's  Hospital.  With  upwards 
of  100  Illustrations.     Price  Zs.  Gd. 

LINDLEY'S  SCHOOL  BOTANY.  A  Complete  Jlanual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
&c.     AN'ith  400  Illustrations     8\  o,  cloth,  price  .5.5.  C(/. 

LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS     OF     BOTANY.     With  Illustrations.     8vo,  cloth,  price  Qs. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  AND  (ECONOMICAL  BOTANY.  A\ith  numerous  Illustra- 
tions.    8vo,  cloth,  price  5.?. 

LINDLEY'S  DESCRIPTIVE  BOTANY.  For  Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools. 
Price  Is.,  sewed.  

WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 

MRS.     LOUDON'S    LADIES'      COMPANION      TO      THE     FLOWER     GARDEN.      A 

Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  size.     A  New  E.lition. 
Fcap.  cloth,  price  ~s. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING.  A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  By  William  Eabley,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "  How 
to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &o.,  &c.     Crown  8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  is.  6d. 

HOW     TO     GROW    MUSHROOMS.     By  William  Earley.     Price  Is.  stitched. 

THE    ART     OF     GROWING     ROSES    OUT-OF-DOORS.      By  Rev.   O.  Fisher.      Fourth 

Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Price  Is. 
HOW     TO     GROW     ASPARAGUS.     A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Mt^thod  of  Culture, 

By  AViLLiAM  Earley.    Price  Is.  stitched. 


London:    BKADBURY,   AGNEW,    &  CO.,   Bouverie  Street,  E.C. 


AcouST  6,  1887.] 


/ 

THE     GABDENER8'     GBHONICLE. 


m 


WINE 


G  R  O  W  E  R  S' 


GENTS. 


JOHN  C.  HANDS  &  CO., 

Old-establislied  Wine  and  Spirit  Merchants. 

GOOD      DINNER      CLARETS     from      12s.    6d.     per     dozen. 

SOLE    AGENTS    FUR 

GEVENCEY   CHAMPAGNE  (Specialitc),  3 Os.  per  dozen. 


99,  GRESHAM  STREET.  LONDON,  E.G. 


STEVEN      BROS     &.    C* 
HOT       WATER        APPARATUS. 


CONTRACTORS     TO    HEB    MAJESTY'S    "WAR    DEPABTMEITT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

-      UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS-" HOTWATEK,"  LONDON),  ^fe-==j,  ^=^    f^-—  -'i 

Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade.  MJ  k4 411=1  J':''  L..i, 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  AND  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated   CATALOGUE,  llth  Edition,  price  Is. 

Price  LIST  o»  application  Free. 
HOT-WATER     AND     HOT-AIR    APPARATUS 

ERECTED  COMPLETE,  OU  THE  MATERIAL  SUPl'LIEI). 


CAST-IRON     SADDLE    BOELEE, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


Fkom 


To 


W.  RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
LONDON,  W.C. 


1887. 


Please     send    me    "TsE      Gaedenees''      Cheonicle"     /o- 


MontliSf 


commencing 


-,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0. 0. 


^^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^^ 

THE  UNITED   KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  15i, ;    6  Months,  7s.  6d. ;   3  Months,  3s.  9d. ;  Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China)  :— Including  Postage,  17s.  6d.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  19s.  6d. 

Receipts  for  less  than  six  months'  subscripfeion  will  »6  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.  0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office,  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS.      ^^  g^  c.^ 

Cheques  should  ie  crossed  "  DR  UMMONV."  ' — 


178 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AuoTiBT  6,  1887. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 

Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

Bead  Line  charged  i 


4  Lines. 

£0 

3 

0 

15  Lines. 

£0    8 

6 

5       „     . 

0 

3 

G 

16      „     . 

0    9 

0 

6       „     . 

0 

4 

0 

17      „     . 

0    9 

6 

7      „     ■ 

0 

4 

f) 

18      „     . 

0  10 

0 

8      „     . 

0 

.5 

0 

19      „     . 

0  10 

6 

9      „     . 

.     0 

.') 

6 

20      „     . 

0  11 

0 

10      „     . 

0 

6 

0 

21      „     . 

0  11 

ti 

11       „     . 

0 

fl 

6 

22      „     . 

0  12 

0 

12      „     . 

0 

7 

0 

23      „     . 

0  12 

6 

18      „     . 

0 

7 

6 

24      „     . 

.     0  13 

0 

14      „     . 

0 

8 

0 

25      „     . 

0  13 

e 

AND  SIXPENCE  FOB   EVERY  ADDITIONAL  LINE. 

If  set  acro'*3  two  Columus,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  20s. 

If  set  acros^i  three  Column^  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30s. 

Pai^e.  £S:     Haif  I'au^e.  £i  Ins.;     Cohimii,  £;i. 


GARDENERS  and  OTHERS  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

3li  words,  inchnling  name  and  address.  Is.  Gd., 

and  6d.  for  every  additional  line  (about  9  words)  or  part 

of  a  line. 

THESE  ADVERTISEMENTS    MUST  BE    PREPAID. 

This  scale  does  not  apply  to  announcements  of  Vacant 
Situations,  which  are  charged  at  the  ordinary  scale. 


IMPORT.'iNT  NOTfCE.  — Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-offices,  at 
cUl  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  semler. 

Births.  Deaths  and  Marriages,  5s.  each  msertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current   week   MUST   reach   the   Office 

by   Thurxdny  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  in  Advance. 

The  United  Kimuiom:   12  Mouths,  15s.;   6  Months, 

73.  6d. ;   3  Months,  3s.  9d. 

Foreign    (exceptinj^    India  and   China);    including   Postage, 

17s.  6d.  for  12  iMonths;    India  and  China,  19s.  6d. 

Post-office   Orders   to  be   made   payable    at  the  Post  Office, 

42,  DRURY  L.\NE.  W.C,  to  W.  Richards. 


Publishing  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41,  Wellington  Street.  Strami.  London.  W.C. 

TANNED  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  Ihl.  per 
yard;  10s.  per  100  yards;  25  yards  2  yards  wide  post- 
free  4s.;  4  yards  wide,  id.  per  yard;  20s.  per  100.  NEW 
TWINE  NETTING,  1  inch  mesh,  1  yard  wide.  2d. ;  2  yards 
wide,  M. ;  4  yards  wide,  U.  per  yard.  COTTON  NETTING, 
54  inches  wide.  19  meshes  to  square  inch.  Id.  per  yard  (best 
article  to  protect  fruit  trees.  &c.).  BAT  FOLDING  NETS,  on 
Bamboo  poles,  20s.     CLAP  NETS,  for  birds,  30s. 

W.  CULLINGFORD,  Forest  Gate,  London,  E. 

HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  cost. 

Used  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  ^.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  ( 


/^  A  TTT^  TD  A7 Every  cask  bears  the  above  Registered 

^-f-ti.  U  ±X\J±y ,        Trade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 


HILL      &      SMITH 

Brterley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47.  Dawson  Street.  Dublin, 


HORTICULTURAL  CLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOEEDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL, 


Garden  Engine  and 

Water-Barrow 

Combined. 

This  implement  is  well 

adapted  for  both  large 

and  small  gardens.    It 

is  strong  and  well  made 

an<l  not  liable  to  get 

out  of  order. 

C.4SH    PRICES 

(Carriage   Paid): 

15  gallon  size,   JB.3  15s. 

20         „         „      £4     5s. 

26         .,         „      £4  16s. 

^^  _     Pumps  for  domestic 

=5=;/^;ind    garden    purposes, 

-^j,       .         .^^  _  ^  ( iurden  Engine.s.  Water 

XT^      ^_      ^    Hiirrows, manufactured 

bj  our,Lht,     NEW  GENERAL  CATALOGUE  sent  free. 

D  -'4— -ll/5/b7. 

Use  Antimonial 

RED      RUBBER 
GARDEN  HOSE. 

Originateil  by  me  wlien  with  JlKRBYWKATHEB  &  SoXS,  and 
guaranteed  made  from  pure  Para  Fibrous  Rubber,  with 
genuine  antimony. 

Order  any  length  direct,  with  or  without  Fittings,  at  Stores' 
Prices,  and  avoid  worthless  counterfeit  hose. 

PUMPS,  WATER  BARROWS,  LAWN  FOUNTAINS, 
GARDEN  ENGINES,  CANVAS  HOSE,  COUPLINGS,  and 
FITTINGS  in  all  sizes. 


J.    H.    HEATHMAN, 

SHOW  ROOMS  :— 2,  ENDELL  STREET,    LONDON,  W.C. 
MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E     P     P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 


Accidents   at   Home  and   Abroad. 

Railway  Aeridents,  Employer's  Liability,  insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
CO.-HPANY,  64,  Comhill,  London.  Income,  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £3,360.000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  OfHce,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C;  Head 
Office,  64,  CornhiU,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  J.  V1,4N.  SecreUry. 

Now  Ready. 

Part  V  ..f  the  :ird  .-Series  of 

WARNER'S  SELECT  ( tRCHIDACEOUS 
PLANTS.  Publi-hed  hy  RmiF.RT  Warsf.r.  Esq., 
F.L.S.,  F.K.H.S.,with  Illustrations  of  Odontoglossum  Edithiie, 
Aiipniriini  ElHsii,  Epidendrum  vitellinum  giganteum,  admir- 
alilv  fx-i  iited  and  coloured  by  hand. 

Tlu-  l^t  and  2nd  Series,  which  comprise  together  79  beauti- 
fully Coloured  Plates,  and  which  are  complete  with  the  most 
reliable  descriptions,  form  admirable  volumes  for  the  table  of 
every  drawing-room. 

This  work  is,  by  permission,  specially  dedicated  to  the  Queen, 
and  to  which  a  First  class  Certificate  and  Prize  Medal  was 
awarded  at  the  Calcutta  Exhibition,  1883-4. 

Published  at  26  and  27,  The  Crescent,  Jewin  Street,  Cripple- 
gate,  London.  E.C. 

Co  vent  Garden  Market,  W.C. 

PARTNER  WANTED.  Whole  attention  re- 
quir,-d.  Must  be  adapted  to  the  business,  and  be 
energetic— G.  B..  Gardeners' C/ironic/e  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street.  Strand,  W.C.         

WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  for  a  Single- 
handed  place.  Must  understand  Glass,  Fruit  and 
Kitchen  Gardens.  —  Apply  by  letter  only,  stating  age, 
experience,  and  wages  required,  to  G.  A.  B.,  123,  Station 
Street.  Burton-on-Trent.  ^ ^^^ 

ANTED,     a     go^d     SINGLE-HANDED 

GARDENER;  boy  to  assist  after  10  o'clock.  About 
li  acres  of  Garden,  two  Small  Greenhouses,  one  Cow.  Total 
;tb-^t;uin-r  pr.-f.-rred.  Wages  225.;  house  and  giis.  State  if 
married  and  number  of  children.— Apply  by  letter,  to  J.  H., 
H.-rtfurd  Ltjdi,'e.  Church  End,  Finchley,  N. 


WANTED,  in  a  Market  Nursery,  a  young 
MAN  to  take  charge  of  the  Stove  Department.  Must 
be  a  fair  Propagator,  and  able  to  Raise  Ferns.  Wages.  21s. 
per  week.— State  qualifications,  age.  and  where  last  employed 
to  2,  Parker  Street,  Liverpool. 

ANTED,  THREE  YOUNG  MEN,  used  to 

Fruit,  Flower,  and  Plant  Growing  for  Market.  Wages, 
£1  per  week.— FOREMAN.  Turnford  HallNursery,  Herts. 


WANTED,  an  IMPROVER,  for  two  years, 
under  Glass,  ia  a  Lnrge  Establishment. —  Premium  £5 
per  annum;  aye  not  under  18;  wage.i  13s.  or  U,?.  per  week, 
according  to  experience,  bothy,  milk,  &,c.— A.  EVANS,  Lythe 
Hill,  Haalemere. 


WANTED,  a  Young  MAN,  thoroughly  ac- 
customed to  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making,  and  take 
Cliarge  of  Stand  in  Smithlield  Market.  Manchester.  Must 
have  first-class  reference^.— Apply,  stating  wages  required,  and 
full  particulars,  to  WILLIAMSON,  Bloomsbury  Nursery, 
Timperley,  Manchester. 


WANTED,  a  YOUTH,  to  Assist  in  Shop. 
Must  have  slight  knowledge  of  the  Horticultural 
Trade.— HARPHAM  and  HOWES,  107,  Church  Street,  Edg- 
ware  Road,  N.W. 


WANT     PLACES. 


P0S2AL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers,  Subscribers,  and 
Others, — It  U  very  important  m  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  it  should  be  filled  in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURV  LANE, 
to  W.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  whose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B.~The  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  adilressed  "  Poste  Restnnte"  to  initials  or  to  fictitious 
names  are  not  forwarded,  but  are  at  once  returned  to  the 

Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs,  &c. 

WM.  CUTBU8H  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whose  characters  will  bear 
Btrict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-clasa 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son.  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  CO.,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  t-ested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establishments, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged. — JOHN  LAING 
AND  CO.,  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applit^ations  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
4c.— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worcester. 

SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 

O  —John  Downie.  Seedsman,  14-t,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GAJIDENERS.  waiting  re-engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  B-ULIFF,  FOREMAN,  or  JOURNEY- 
MAN. Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the  above  will 
please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  oest  selections  for  the 
different  capacities  will  be  made. — HoUoway,  N. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston.  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GAJIDENER,  and  also  another  MAN,  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  aa  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments. 

ORCHID  GROWER,  or  FOREMAN  ;  age  25. 
—J.  Stewart.  The  Gardens.  Langford  Park,  Maldon, 
Essex,  can  confidently  recommend  his  Foreman,  E.  Bristow, 
who  has  been  with  him  five  years,  to  any  one  requiring  his 
ither  of  the  above  capacities. — Address  as  above. 


GARDENER  (HEAD),or  ORCHID  GROWTJR. 
—Age  39.  married,  youngest  child  age  10;  thoroughly 
practical.  Good  experience.  Well  recommended.— HEAD 
GARDENER,  Forest  View.  Chigwell  Row.  Essex. 

i^ARDENER    (Head).— Age  31,    married; 

VjlT     thoroughly  experienced  inside  and  out.    (Jood  character, 
— W.,  18,  Hillside  Grove.  Chase  Road.  Southgate,  N. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  35,  married; 
understands  Forcing  Vines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Stove 
and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  &c. 
Good  Character.— W.  P..  4.  North  Row.  Winchmore  Hill,  N. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married ;  twenty-five 
years'  experience  in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Laying- 
out  Grounds,  Rock  Work,  &c.  Twenty-five  years'  good  charac- 
ter, including  four  years  from  present  employer.— G,,  Mr.  F, 
Webber,  Quarry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonbridge. 

(^  ARDENER  (Head).— Age  44  ;  married,  no 
X  family.  Twelve  years  in  present  situation,  county  of 
Durham.  Thoroughly  understands  the  Growing  of  Fruit, 
Plants,  and  Flowers.  Unexceptional  references, — Full  par- 
ticulars on  application  to  DICKSON,  BROWN  and  TAIT. 
Seed  Merchants,  Manchester. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three 
are  kept. — Age  45,  married,  2  children  (youngest  age  8); 
twenty-five  years'  practical  experience  in  Greenhouse-*,  Vines, 
Melons,  Cucumbers,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens,  &c.  Two 
years  in  present  situation.  Leaving  solely  on  own  account. 
—J.  HUMPHREY,  Caldecott,  Abingdon,  Rerks. 


AuGDST  6,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


179 


GARDENER  (Head).  — Thoroughly  expe- 
rienced in  Vines,  Fruit  Trees,  Stove  and  Greenliouse 
Plants.  Flower  iind  Kitchen  Gardenis.  Eighteen  years' 
experience.  Good  references  and  character. — BUSE,  Lost- 
■withiel,  Cornwall. 

AKDENEK    (Head   AVobkinq).— Age   42, 

married  ;  thoroufjh  in  all  branches.  Seven  years  in  present 
situiitiou.  Previous  and  present  testimonials  undeniable. — 
P.  M..  1.  Hope  Cott^ige.  Leighton  Koad.  Kentish  Town.  N. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).  — Age  36, 
married;  has  had  an  English,  Scotch,  and  Channel 
Ishinds  experience,  and  can  be  well  recommended.— T.  BOGIE, 
Bnieebndge.  Lincoln. 

ARDKNER   (Head   Working).— Age   44, 

marrit'd  (Scotch) ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  depart- 
ments of  Gardening;  eleven  years  in  last  situation.  Good 
reference. — J.  C,  4,  Exeter  Villas,  Torquay. 

GARDENER  (ELead  Working). — Married, 
one  child;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  brandies.  Over 
six  vears"  good  character  as  Head.— W.  C,  30.  Oaktield  Street, 
Altrincham,  Cheshire. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Age  29, 

married,  no  encumbrance;  three  and  a  half  years  in 
previous  situation  as  Foreman  in  large  establishment.  Can  be 
well  recommended.  —  G.  P.,  Pomona  Place,  King's  Road, 
Fnlhaa?,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Head  AN'orking)  ;  age  30.— 
Mr.  Forbes,  Gardener  to  W.  Drury  Lowe,  Esq.,  Locko 
Park,  near  Derby,  can  highly  recommend  his  Foreman. 
Frederick  Beney,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
practical  Gardener.     Fourteen  years'  experience. — Address  as 


GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
Gardening  is  cherished. — Age  29,  married,  one  child 
(age  2^) ;  sixteen  years'  experience.  Thoroughly  understands 
Vines,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants.  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden, 
&c.  Three  years' good  character.— GARDE.VEU.  Brookhurst, 
Bromborough,  Cheshire. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
SISGLE-HAXDED).— H.  ToMS,  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of 
Listowel,  is  open  for  an  engagement  as  above.  Good  character. 
—Kingston  lion^e.  Prince's  Gate,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed). — Thorough  practical  experience  in 
all  branches.  E.xcellent  references. — J.  C,  The  Gardens, 
Mapledurham,  Oxon. 

GARDENER. — Age26,  married;  eleven  years' 
all-round  experience.— A.  B.ANH  All,  3,  Helvetia  Cottages, 
West  Wickham,  Beckenham,  Kent. 

GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him  ;  age  36,  married,  four  children. — A  Gentleman 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  witli  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses,  Kit<;hen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes.  Melons,  Peaches.  Sec— J.  B-A.RTLETT,  Jlrs.  Carpenter's, 
Bedliampton,  Havaut. 

ARDENER    (Single-handed,    or    Head), 

where  two  are  kept. — Age  29,  married  one  child  (age  4) ; 
practical  and  energetic.  Four  years'  good  character. — \V. 
LEE,  The  Lodge,  The  Towers,  HiUingdon,  Cibridge. 

ARDENER  (Firsl^class  Single-handed).— 

Thoroughly  understands  Glass,  Flower,  and  Kitchen 
Garden.  Over  three  years'  character  in  last  situation. — 
CHARLES  SMITH,  Locko  Park,  near  Derby. 

(^  ARDENER     (Single-handed).— Age    25, 

VJ"  single :  two  years'  good  character  from  present  employer, 
who  can  strongly  recommend  him. — A.  BRIGHT,  Grey  Court, 
Ham,  Surrey. 

ARDENER    (Single-handed).  —  Age  30, 

married,  one  child  ;  total  abstainer.  Good  character 
from  present  and  previous  situations. — G.  G.,  21,  Beaconsfield 
Street,  Bedford. 

pi  ARDENER     (Second,     or     good    Single- 

vj~  handed). — Age  24;  eight  years'  experience.  Inside 
and  Out.  Good  references.- ALPHA,  Mrs.  Steers,  The  Stables, 
PaleweU,  East  Sheen,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Second  or  Single-handed). — 
Age  24 ;  well  up  in  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  also 
Fruit  Culture  in  all  its  branches.  Used  to  Propagating.  Good 
Workman.  Over  seven  years'  good  character. — FRED  WIL- 
LLiMS,  Royal  Spa,  Shanklin,  Isle  of  Wight. 

G<  ARDENER  (Second),  in  the  Houses,  or 
r  Inside  and  Out.— Age  23  ;  good  reterenceii.  Total  ab- 
stainer. —  GEORGE  PARRANT,  14,  Belsize  Park  Terrace, 
Belsize  Lane,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

ARDENER  (Second),  in  the  Houses,  where 

four  or  five  are  kept. — Age  22 ;  good  reference.  Seven 
years'  experience. — G.  S.,  The  Gardens,  Lessness,  Abbey  Wood, 
Kent. 

GARDENER  (Second),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.— Age  31,  married,  two  children;  good  practical 
knowledge  of  Indoor  and  Outdoor  work.  Three  years'  good 
character.  Abstainer.- C.SHORT.Limbrick  Goring,  Worthing, 

GARDENER    (Under,  or  Single-handed, 
or  where  more  are  kept). — Age  22 ;    two  years'  good  cha- 
racter.—.7AS.  WHEELER,  Arthur  Street,  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight. 

GARDENER  (Under,  or  Single-handed). — 
Age  26,  married  ;  cows  not  objected  to.  Total  abstainer. 
Three  years'  good  character. — J.  L.,  17.  Borodaile  Road, Wands- 
worth, S,W. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  17  :  a'ood  refer- 
ences.—w.  WOOD,  "  Rising  Sun,"  BiUing^hurst. 

ARDENER   (Under).— Age  21 ;!  six   years' 

experience  Inside   and    Out.     Good  chariicter.— C.    P., 
Hill  Farm,  Cliorl.  y  W.w.l,  near  Rickmansworth,  Herts. 


G 


f^I\llE>.'l'',U  (UMijcB),in  good  establishment, 

in  the  Houses;  nu  oKjectiou  toapartout. — Age  18;  good 
reference.- .7.  R.  WATSON.  Branston  Hall,  Lincoln. 

GARDENER  (Under),  Outdoor  preferred.— 
Age  19 ;  five  years'  experience  inside  and  ont.   Can  have 
good  character.- W.  G.  MORGAN.  Trafalgar,  Salisbury. 

ARDENER  (Under).— Age  22;   has  good 

experience  in  all  branches.  Strong  and  willing.  Good 
character. — H.  V.,  9,  Headcorn  Road,  Lower  Tottenham. 

ARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  establish^ 

ment.— Age  18 ;  five  years'  experience.— W.  BARTLETT, 
Fulbourn,  Carabs. 

GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  Gentleman's 
Establishment;  Age  19;  willing  to  be  useful.  Wages 
no  object  as  to  good  place.  Highly  recommended.— .T.  G., 
Gnrieners' CT;ronic/c  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

GARDENER  (Under),  wishing  to  improve 
himself.— Age  20;  one  year  in  present  situation,  four 
years'  previous.  Good  character.- H.  DALLEY,  Gardener. 
Hersham,  near  Walton-on-Tharaes,  Surrey. 

ARDENER  (Under),  in  the  Houses,  or  In- 

side  and  Out. — Age  22;  three  years'  good  character. 
Nine  years'  experience.— E.  WATKINS,  Botanic  Garden, 
Queen's  Road.  Chelsea,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  private 
establishment.— Age  20.  Good  references  from  London 
Nursery  and  Country  Establishments.  —  W.  G.  JAMES, 
60.  Wyndham  Road,  Bournemouth. 


GARDENER  (good  practical),  or  GENERAL 
FOREMAN. — Age  30,  single;  several  years'  experience. 
Two  years'  character  from  present  place. — F.  B.,  44,  Wellesley 
Road.  Kentish  Town,  N.W. 


FOREMAN,  good.— Age  25  ;  twelve  years' 
experience.  Three  years  Foreman  in  last  place.  Good 
Plantsman,  and  well  up  in  Exhibition  Work.  Highly  recom- 
mended.—T.  S.,  Handsworth,  Sheffield. 


FOREMAN.— Age  30,  married  ;  understands 
Fruit,  and  Plant  Growinf;.  Propagating,  &c.  First-class 
references  from  previous  situations.  State  wages. — C.  D.,  41, 
Wortley  Road.  Maiiborough.  Rotherham. 

I^'^OREMAN. — Age  26;  ten  years'  experience 
in  Fruit  and  Plant  Houses.  Good  testimonials.  Two 
years'  in  last  place  as  Foreman.— G.  MARSH,  45,  Woolcot 
Street.  Redland,  Bristol. 


FOREMAN. — Used  to  Conservatory,  Mansion 
Decorations.  General  Work,  Forcing,  &c.  Highest  refer- 
ences from  last  and  previous  employer. — C.  B.,  26,  Elgin 
Terrace,  Maida  Vale,  London,  W. 

ROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of  Roses  and 

Soft-wooded  Stuff  for  Market.— Well  up  in  Cut  Bloom 
Trade,  also  Tomatos  and  Cucumbers,  Grapes,  &c. — X.  Y.  Z., 
6,  Bull's  Plain,  Hertford. 


JOURNEYMAN,  or  ASSISTANT  PROPA- 
GATOR, under  Glass.— Age  20;  four  and  a  half  years' 
good  experience  in  Nurseries  and  Private  G.irden ;  quick  at 
Potting,  Tying,  Watering,  &c.— C.  B.,  Knole  Hill  View, 
Bromley  Common,  Kent. 

OURNEYMAN    (First),  in   the    Houses.— 

Age  23 ;  four  years'  good  character.  Mr.  Mack  AY, 
Gardener,  Maristow,  Roborough,  South  Devon,  can  confidently 
recommend  a  young  man  as  above. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.—  Age  25  ; 
eight  years'  experience,  inside  and  out.    Good  references. 
— R.  D.,  Bishopsford,  Mitcham,  Surrey. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  Gentle- 

fj      man'sGarden,  or  would  not  object  to  in  and  out  of  houses. 
Bothy  preferred.— H.  ISON.  Chaffey  Cottage,  Fulbonrne,  Cambs. 


JOURNEYMAN,    in    the    Houses,    under    a 
Foreman. — Age21.    Good  character.    Bothy  preferred.^ 
A.  SAPSFORD,  Stonard's  Farm,  Sawbridgeworth,  Herts. 

JOURNEY'MAN,     Indoor.  —  Age    21 ;      five 
years'  experience.    F'irst-cliiss  testimonials  as  to  abilities, 
&c.— E.  H..  The  Gardens,  Preen  JIanor,  Shrewsbury. 

JOURNEYMAN,   Inside  and  Out.— Age  21. 
Quick  at  Potting.  Wnter-ng,  and  Tyeing.— G.  G..  Gar- 
dmers'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


JOURNEYJIAN,   in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age  20;  live  years  in  pre.-^ent  situation.     Good  character. 
— W.  SEBLEY,  The  Gardens,  Woodhall  Park,  Hertford. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  large 
establishment.- Age  21 ;  late  of  Trafalgar  Gardens, 
Salisbury.  Wilts.— G.  FULFORD.  The  Gardens,  Sunningdale 
Park,  Berks. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  Private  Garden. 
Chas.  Boatwright,  Gardener,  Moor  Park,  Famham, 
will  be  pleased  to  recommend  an  energetic  and  trustworthy 
young  man  as  above. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ; 
three  years  in  present  situation.  Good  recommendation. 
Bothy  preferred,— S.  H.  SNELL,  TheDaison,  St.  Mary  Church, 
Torquay. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment.— Age  20 ;  four  years'  experience  Inside 
and  Out.  Excellent  cimracter. — For  particulars,  apply  to 
J.  NIXON,  Naseby,  Woolleys.  Rugby. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— A  young  man  (age  18) 
seeks  a  situation  in  a  Nursery  Indoors  or  Out.  Good 
Budder.  Three  years' experience.  Quickandactive.— T.  KENT, 
4,  Church  Road,  East  Wickham,  Welling,  Kent. 

'yo     NURSERYMEN    or    GENTLEMEN.— 

Good  Budder  and  Grafter,    &c.     Eight  years   with    W. 


TO  GARDENERS,  &o.— Wanted,  by  a  youth 
age  19.  a  situation  in  a  good  Garden.  Willing  to  pay 
small  premium.  Well  recommended.— A.  B.,  Hanbury  Hull, 
Burton-on-Trent. 

0  GARDENERS,  &o.— Wanted  by  a  youth 

(age  17)  Situation  under  a  Gardener.  Good  character. 
Abstainer.  Good  knowledge  of  the  work.— JAMES  BORAS- 
TON,  Gardener's  Cottage,  Shepherd's  Lane,  Brixton,  S.W. 

TO  GARDENERS,  &c.— A  Youth  (age  18), 
requires  situation  in  Garden.  Has  had  some  experience. 
Good  references,  if  required.— F.  M.,  :i,  Chatterton  Road, 
Bromley,  Kent. 

0      NOBLEMEN,      GENTLEMEN,      ^ 

OTHERS.— G.  Noyce  having  had  twenty-five  years' 
experience  in  the  science  of  Mushroom  Growing  and  Spawn 
Making,  will  be  prepared  to  Travel  anywhere  in  the  United 
Kingdom  from  the  last  week  in  August.— For  terms,  apply  to 
G.  Noyce.  192,  Kensiugton  Park  Road,  Notting  Hill,  W. 

NURSERY  CLERK,  SEEDSMAN,  andTRA- 
VELLER ;  age  33.— William  Napper  (twenty  years' 
experience),  seeks  employment.  He  has  a  good  wholesale  and 
retail  connection  in  the  Western  Counties.  Excellent  corre- 
spondent.— Alphington  Cross,  Exeter. 

SHOPMAN,  or  CLERK.— Age  24 ;  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Trade,  both  Loudon  and  Provincial. 
Good  Shorthand  and  French.  Highest  references.— MAC, 
Gardener^'  Chronicle  Oftice.  41,  Wellmgton  Street,  Strand,W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  ASSISTANT  in 
Florist,  Fruiterer,  and  Seedsman's. — Required  by  the  Son 
of  a  Nurseryman,  a  situation  as  above.  Used  to  high-class 
trade.  Good  testimonials,  &c. — A.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ALESMAN,  or   FOREMAN   to    Florist   or 

otherwise. —  Twelve  years'  experience;  well  known  in 
Trade.  Good  references. — G.  G.,  1,  Osman  Road,  Lower 
Edmonton. 

Seed  and  Nursery  Trade, 

SHOPMAN. — Age  22 ;  seven  years'  experience 
in  all  branches  of  Seed,  Bulb,  and  Florist  Departments,— 
G.  B.  G.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Sons,  152,  Houndsditch,  E. 

SHOPMAN  or  WAREHOUSEMAN.  —  A 
Seedsman  (Scotchman,  age  23)  desires  re-engagement  as 
Shopman  or  Warehouseman;  nine  years' practical  experience 
in  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade.  First-class  references. — DAPHNE, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOP  ASSISTANT.— Advertiser,  who  can  get 
an  unexceptional  character,  has  had  eight  years'  Shop  and 
Warehouse  experience  in  a  leading  Irish  Seed  House,  is  anxious 
to  obtain  a  situation  in  Dublin,  Edinburgh,  Glasgow,  or  South 
of  Scotland.  Should  a  suitable  opening  present  itself,  he  could 
take  up  duties  on  a  month's  notice.  —  B.  K.  J..  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


TO  NURSERYMEN  and  FLORISTS.— Ad- 
vertiser (Age  28)  seeks  an  engagement  in  Nursery  or 
Florist's  Shop.  Well-up  in  making  Wreaths,  Crosses,  and 
Bouquets.  Total  Abstainer.— W.  SMITH,  Nursery,  Newtown, 
Wednesbury,  Staffs. 

O     WHOLESALE     SEED    or    CORN 

MERCHANTS,  Town  or  Country.— Wanted  employment 
by  respectable  man  (age  45,  married)  in  Warehouse.  Strong 
and  active.  Fourteen  years'  experience  in  London  Seed  Ware- 
houses. Good  character.  Fair  education. — R.  L.,  84,  Lamb's 
Conduit  Street,  London,  W.C. 

TO  GROWERS  of  FRUIT  and  FARMERS, 
and  LANDOWNERS.— The  advertiser,  who  has  had  con- 
siderable experience  in  the  Preserving  of  Jams  and  Bottled 
Fruits,  both  for  the  Home  and  Export  Trade,  will  be  glad  to 
Organise  a  Factory  and  Introduce  Trade  to  enable  the  same  to 
be  carried  on  profitably.  —  Address,  FRUIT,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


HORTICULTURAL  DRAUGHTSMAN  and 
HOT- WATER  ENGINEER  —A  man  of  great  experience , 
Good  at  Designs,  Estimating,  Heating,  Details,  &c.  Has  had 
experience  in  Glazing  without  putty,  Ijandscape  Gardening. 
Moderate  salary. — 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  and  OINTMENT.— 
Bilious  affections,  with  all  their  concomitant  an- 
noyances induced  by  atmospheric  changes,  or  too  liberal  diet, 
should  be  checked  at  once,  or  serious  consequences  may  ensue. 
When  any  one  finds  his  ideas  less  clear  than  usual,  his  eye- 
sight dimmed,  and  his  head  dizzy,  accompanied  by  a  disincli- 
nation for  all  exertion,  physical  or  mental,  he  may  be  quite 
sure  that  he  is  in  immediate  need  of  some  alterative  medicine. 
Let  him  at  once  send  for  a  box  of  HoUoway's  Pills,  a  mild 
course  of  which  will  remove  the  symptoms,  and  speedily  renew 
his  usual  healthful  feeling.  If  the  bowels  be  irritable,  Hollo- 
way's  Ointment  should  be  diligently  rubbed  over  the  stomach 
and  liver  every  night  and  morning. 


180 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  6,  1887. 


m^xs-  Medala. 

W3&  TO 

JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
Weston-super-Mare,  Manufacturer  of  TERRA  COTTA 
VASES.  FOUNTAINS.  ITALIAN  BASKETS,  BORDER 
TILES.  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality,  from  1  to  30  inches 
diametef.  stand  the  frosts,  .and  seldom  turn  preeu  ;  ORCHID, 
FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING-PANS,  EHUBAKB  and  SEA- 
KALE  POTS,  &c. 

Price  List  post-free.    Book  of  Designs,  Is.  6(?, 

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  CLASS. 

Packages  nml  imrKuuj  fr^'::.  and  drhvcrcd  to  (my  Ijm'hn  Station. 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaianteed. 


16  0 


21  c 


131  by    8^  for  10/-  for  14/- 

12    „    9    „    10/-  „   14/-  or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6, 

12    „  10    „    11/-  „   15/6  or  250  squares   8J  by  6J,  or  220 

14    „  10    „    13/-  ..   19/-  squares,  9J  bv  6},  or  170  squares, 

24/-  9  bv  7J,  or  150  squares,  10  by  8, 

"1/-  for  iO.«.    Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 


17/6 
13/- 
21/- 


24/- 


31/- 
35/- 


r£3. 


Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  u 
n  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  bd.  per  pound.    Special  quotatic 
[iven  for  large  quantities. 

J.      B.      ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AMI    CLASS    WAKEHOUSE, 

14.  Moor  Lane.  Cripplegate.  London,  E.C. 

Soslier's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


^HE   ABOVE   and  many  other  PATTERNS 

axe  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
KITCHEN  GARDENS, 
they  harbour 
Insects,  take  up  little 
and  once  put  down 
further  labour  or  espens 
do*'gro\\Ti"  Edgings 
quently  being  much  cheaper 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,iii  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E. ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kiugsland  Road.  E. 

Agents     for     LOOKER'S     PATENT     "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,    and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

OKNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,    for  Lining   Walls   of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


QILVER         SAND, 

k^    fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM   supplied   at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

GARDEN  SHADINGS,  'Sr^^s^^' 

RUSSIA  MATS,  K.'SJTIA,  TEAT, 
SAND,     COCOA    FIBRE    REFUSE,    &c., 

At  very  Lowest  Prloea, 

CATALOGUE  on  APPLICATION. 


JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135,  COMMEECIAL  STREET,   LONDON,  E. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  i\hj\  .  si/p^.  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3d3  and  4th9  qualities,  ..1"  i^  ■<  kc  jit  in  stm  k. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  si/es  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  MiscellaneouB 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD.  OIL  ,n.d  C(i1,i>;r  MKRCIIANTS. 

34,  St.  John  Street,  West  SmltMeld,  London,  E.C, 

at^ck  List  and  Ibices  on  apfjltcation.     (^uutt^  ChTontcte. 


'w^ 
'--#^ 


MESSENGER  &  CO  'S  New  CATALOGUE  of  Greenhouses  and  Heating  Apparatus, 


1  pi  t  pr  t  al  and  rel  able  gu  de  to  all  ibout  obulJ  It  or  1  g  diouses. 
1  o  e  f  m  the  large  t  nnge  of  "W  nter  Gar  lens  to  th  mple  t  fu  m  uf  Portable 
I  rame  al  o  of  all  the  best  k  ud  of  Bo  lers  Hot-  ater  P  i  e  nd  all  appl  ances  for 
Is  of  Uu  trat  ons  of  aU  the  late  t  mpro  ements  n  greenhou  e  lu  Id  ng  and  heating, 
uld  be  n  the  hands  of  every  one  nterested  n  garden  g  as  t  couta  ns  many  practical 
re  ult  of  ma  y  j  ears  eiper  ence     Price  2s    post  free 

taken  from  greenhouses  erected  by  us  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  an  inspection  of 
,  therefore,  buildings  the  efficiency  of  which  has  been  well  tested  by  actual  use.    The  advantages  possessed  by 
out  work  with  the  utmost  promptness,  and  in  the  very  best  style,  at  prices  which  defy  competition.    Surveys 
made  and  geutlemr'n  waited  on  in  anv  part  of  the  countrv.     Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application. 

MESSENGER    &    COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


Illustr  to      of        ry  d 
Greenl  ou        lit  Prol 
heat  ng     Th  s  C  lalo" 
is  on  a  scale  i  ever  befo 
hints  on  tl  e    ulject    of      I 
A  large  number  of  the 
this  Catalogue 


5^S?^gJ 


Hot-water  Pipes  and 
Fittings 

or  EVERY   LESCWITION. 

4-lii(li    I'ii'i's  at   1.!.  6d.   ijcr  yard. 

SADDLE,  VERTICAL, 

and  all  other  kinds  of 
BOILERS. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangement 

For  GREENHOUSES,  &c. 

Cjj  VFQTFR'C    PATENT  STEEL   TRENTHAM   BOILER  is  far  the  best,  cheapest,  and 

OILY  LO  I  LD  Q    most  economical  Hot-water  Boiler  made.     The  improved  facilities  for  ensuring 

perfect  coiiibu-ition  saves  fuel  AwAprerents  smoke,  and  the  tiKcient  arrangement  for  cleaning  out  greatly 

prolongs  the  life  of  the  Boiler.    These  Boilers  are  manufactured  and  supplied  by  the  Patentees  only. 

HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS,  on  the  High  or  Low  Pressure  principle,  erected 

complete;    efficiency  guaranteed. 

PUMPING   MACHINERY  for  all  purposes,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  Sfc. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 

CASTLE    HILL    WORKS,    NEWCASTLE,    STAFFORDSHIRE. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION,   In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  ( 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


.,^f3»St>~5;| 


jijtebjiilit.  ■ 


^\  §3 


HOT-WATER      APPARATUS     for     WARMING     CHURCHES,     SCHOOLS,     PUBLIC     BUILDINGS,     MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS.  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUaoINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


E-iitoriiil  Communications  • 

Printed  by  William  Rich ,. _. 

said  WlLUAU  KIOHAKDS,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wollmgtoa  Street,  Pariah  of 'st.'Paui's,  Covent  Garden,  ia  the  said  County.— SiTURDAT,  August  t),  1887.    Agent  fo'rManohnster— JoHMHsrwoOB.' 


Established  i84i 

No.  2433. 


No.  33.-VOL.  11.  g^^Z} 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  13,  1887. 


/Regt.  as  a  Newspaper,  f  p R ] C E    3d* 

\WITH      SUPPLEMENT.\     PosT-FEKB,   SJd. 


Belon,  Pierre        '.'.'.         '.'.'. 
Books : — 
Handbook    of      House 

Property        

Nouvelle  Flore  des  en- 
virons de  Paris 
Cirrhopetalum  strangula- 


CONTENTS. 

197    Mammillaria 


Conifer  nomenclature   ... 

Devizes  Castle      

Flower  fanning  in  South 

of  France  lyo 

Flower  garden,  the       ...  193 

Forestry 203 

Fruit  crops,  remarks  on  .  186 

Fruits  under  glass  ...  198 

Gardeners'  Orphan  Fund  194 

Hardv  fruit  garden        ...  198 

Hollyhocks  196 

Irish  garden — aretrospect  185    Sonerilaa,  varieries  of 

,,     natural  history      ...  195    \Vasp3 

Kew  notes 197    Watering  plants, 

Kitchen  garden,  the      ...  193    Weather,  the 

Illustrations. 


194 

j  Odontoglossum        Pesca- 

I       torei  stupendum 
197     Olearia  Traversii 

I  Phylloxera  regulations... 
197    Plant  portraits 

{  Plants  and  their  culture  . 
186  I  Pogonia  pulchella 

195  Potato  culture     

196  Psilotum  triquetrum     ... 
I  Rose,  York  and  Lancaster 

Scotland 

Societies — 

National  Carnation    ... 

Newbury  

Royal  Horticultural  ... 
.,     ,,    of  Aberdeen... 

Scottish  Horticultural 

WelIingbor( 


Olearia  Traversii 

Pine  saw-fly 

Psilotum  triquetrum,  \ 

Sireigigas 

Sonerilas,  varieties  of 


190,  191.  193 


CALNE  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.— 
The  TWENTY-THIRD  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  will  be 
held  in  Bowood  Park  on  the  23rd  inst.,  when  Prizes  to  the 
value  of  ON'E  HUNDRED  and  SE^'ENTY  POUNDS  will  be 
offered.  Amongst  others  are  the  following,  open  to  all 
England : — 
12  Vara.  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  £15.  £10,  £5. 
9  Ornamental  Foliage  Plants,  £10.  £5,  £2  10s. 


SANDY  (Bedfordshire)  HORTICULTUKAL 
SOCIETY. 
NINT:TEENTH  annual  exhibition  —Open  to  all 
England  —  FRIDAY.  August  26.  TWO  HUNDRED  and 
TWENTY  POUNDS  in  PRIZES,  including  for  Ten  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants  in  Flower— Ist  Prize,  £12;  2nd,  £8;  3rd, 
£4 :  4th.  £3.  Show  Ground  close  to  Great  Northern  and 
London  and  North-Westem  Stations.  Plant  Vans  horsed  to 
and  from  free  of  charge.    For  Schedules  apply, 

WILLIAM  GREEN,  Secretary.  Sandy. 

EWCASTLE  AUTUMN 

FLOWER  SHOW.  WEDN^ESDAY,  THURSDAY,  and 
FRIDAY,  August  31,  and  September  1  and  2,  1887  (altered 
from  Tuesday.  Wednesday,  and  Thursday,  August  30,  31,  and 
September  I)  in  the  Royal  Jubilee  Exhibition  Grounds.  Largest 
Prize  List  ever  offered  by  the  Society,  including  FIFTY 
POUNDS  Jubilee  Fruit  Prize.    For  Schedules,  apply  to 


BRIGHTON  and  SUSSEX    ELORICULTU- 
RALand  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 
GRAND  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION.  SEPTEMBER  14  and  15, 
at  the  Royal  Pavilion.  Brighton.    1st  Prize,  8  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  £8  ;  1st  Prize  Groupof  Ferns.  £5;  1st  Prize  Miscel- 
laneous Group.  £5.     Entries  Close  September  10.    Schedules  of 


Pri2 


i  to  be  had  of 


!--t^hirt: 

January 


1888.-rrHIRTIETH  YEAR  of  the  Grand  Floral 

York.jqXE  13,  U,  and  15.    Schedules  ready  i 


JNO.  WILSON,  Sec,  13,  New  Street,  York. 


pRYSTAL        PALACE.— 

V^"  SCHOOL  of  LANDSCAPE  GARDENING  and  IMPROVE- 
MENT of  ESTATES.  Principal,  Mr.  MILNER.  Suneying  and 
Engineering  Applied  to  Beautifying  and  Improving  Land. 
Next  Entries.  SEPTEMBER  1.  Prospectus  of  the  undersigned, 
F.  K.  J.  SHENTON,  Super.  Educational  Department. 


LAING'S  BULBS,  for  Early  Forcing.— 
Whit*  Roman  HYACINTHS,  fine  large  roots,  14s.  per  luO ; 
extra  large  picked  roots,  16s.  per  100.  Paper  White  and  Double 
Roman  NARCISSUS.  9s.  per  100.    All  carriage  free. 

CATALOGUES  Gratis  and  Post-free. 
JOHN  LAINQ  AND  SONS,  Bulb  Merchants.  Forest  HiU,  S.E. 


c 


Eyaclntlis,  Tulips,  Crocus,  UUes,  tec. 
G.    VAN    TUUERGEN,  Jun.,  Haarlem, 

•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now   ready,  and 
be  had  free  on  application  to 
Messrs.   R.   SILBERRAD   AHD    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 


Crutohed  Friars,  London,  E.G. 


AURICULA     PLANTS.  —  Winning    Show 
Varieties,  for  Sale  ;  also  Alpines  and  Seed  from  beautiful 
strains.     Potting  time. 

F.  POHLMANN,  Parkinson  Lane,  Halifax. 

E    L    W    A    Y         AND         SON. 

KELWAVS    "MODEL"    CALCEOLARIA. 
KELWAY'3    "MODEL"    CIXERARIA. 
Price  of  Seed  on  application. 
Langport.   Somerset. 


K 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF   THE  VALLEY.— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Bre-slau,  Germany. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  &c. 

WHOLESALE      TRADE      CATALOGUE 
now  ready,  and  will  be  forwarded  post-free  on  appli- 
cation.    Low  prices.     First-class  bulbs. 

B.  J.  LOMANS,  Bulb  Grower,  Haarlem. 


E 


Cri 


AST      LOTHIAN      STOCK, 

for  present  sowing.    Very  superior  strain.    Scotch 

saved.    Crimson,  Purple.  Scarlet,  and  White. 
iOn  and  White  Wallflower-leaved,  Is.,  2s.  id.,  and  6s.  pkt. 
IRELAND  AXD  THOMSON,  81,  Princes  Street,  Edinburgh. 


CCHUBERTLV    GRANDIFLORA,  new  and 

kJ    fine  white-flowered  Climber  for  Warm  Greenhouse.  7s.  6d. 
SAXIFRAGA  CUSCUT.EFORMIS.  Is.  [and  10s.  id. 

MESEMBRYANTHS,  and  other  SUCCULENT  PLANTS,  made 
a  specialty. 
GILBERT    DAVIDSON,    Wemoleu,    Ammanford,    K.S.O., 
South  Wales. 

To  the  Trade, 

WAITE,  NASH,  AND  CO.  have  Posted  their 
BULB  CATALOGUE  to  all  their  Customers.    If  not 
received  another  Copy  will  be  forwarded  on  application, 
79,  South wark  Street,  London,  S.E. 


FERNS, — Good  plants  in  pots  of  Pteris  serru- 
lata,  P.  a.  cristala,  P.  cretica  cristata,  Doryopteris 
palmata,  the  climbing  Fern,  and  Lastrea  variegata,  at'los.  per 
100.     Out  of  pota,  13s.  6d.     Write  to 

M.  SMYTH,  18,  White  Horse  Lane.  Jlile  End,  London.  E. 

ERINE      MEADOWBANKII     ATRORU- 

BENS,  and  choice  Seedlings  of  FOTHERGILLII  and 
CORUSCANS  MAJOR,  combining  freeness  of  flowering  and 
large  umbels.     Prices  on  application. 

JAMES  ANDERSON,  Nurseryman  and  Landscape  Gardener, 
Meadowbank,  Uddingston,  Glasgow. 

ESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 

Nurserymen,  Sidcup,  and  28S,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market.  Covent  Garden,  W.C..  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 

Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 

ANTED,  Choice  FLOWERS,  in  quantity. 

Offers  to 
J.  HAYWARD,  The  Nurseries,  Cheadle,  Manchester. 

ANTED,  400  NIPHETriS  ROSES,  strong 

plantain  pots;  200  GRAPES.  Black  Alicante. 
H.  SMITH  AND  SONS,  Isleworth.      Offers  sent  to  that  address. 

C CAPITAL. — Advertiser,  having  had  eleven 
y  years'  experience  in  the  Seed  Trade,  and  possessing  a 
valuable  connection,  WANTS  THE  LOAN  of  £100  for  twelve 
mouths  ;  £200  returned  at  the  end  of  that  time. 

Address,  LOAN,  Gardeners'  C/ironieU  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W,C. 


A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica.     Seaforthia     elepans, 
Chamferops  excelsa,  and  Phtenix  reclinata — from  10s,  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lo<lge.  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS."    LONDON. 

New  Roses  in  Pots. 

LIST  of   the  most  select  sorts   noi 
Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA     and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  5-inch  pots,  carefully 

packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  153. 
HALF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  Hs. 


Camellias,  Azaleas.  Rhododendrons,  Palms.  Orcbids, 

&.C.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25.  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.G. 

ARGE    CAMELLIAS.  —  A  Bargain.  —  10 

large  CAMELLIAS,  from  ?  to  9  feet  high,  and  4  to  6  feet 
through,  all  in  pots  or  tubs,  and  the  very  picture  of  health. 
They  were  the  property  of  a  Gentleman  lat«ly  deceased,  and 
muat  be  sold  to  realise.  A  grand  chance  for  any  one  requiring 
quantities  of  Cut  Flowers. — Apply  in  the  first  instance  to 
CHAS.  RYLANCE  and  CO.,  Bold  Lane  Nursery,  near  Ormskirk 

Now  In  Full  Bloom, 

BEGONIAS.  —  Awarded  Three  Gold  Medals. 
Unequalled  as  a  floral  display.     Visitors  are  cordially  in- 
vited; free  admission.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  West 
End  to  Catford  Bridge  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  Stanstead  Park,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown  stock 
of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties),  EPACRIS,  SOLA- 
NUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMENS,  BOUVARDIAS,  ADIAN- 
TUM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDENIAS,  STE- 
PHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  CROTONS,  GREVILLEAS, 
VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade  CATA- 
LOGUES forwarded  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL  SALE  by  AUCTION  wiU  be  held  EARLY  IN 
SEPTEMBER. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.E. 


DAFFODILS,  White  Trumpets,  &e.— Over  150 
varieties  to  select  from  !  •■  HAKTLAND'S  •  ORIOIN.AL 
LITTLE  BOOK  of  DAFFODILS,"  including  a  special  offer  of 
sweet-scented  Oilips,  Cowslips,  and  Primroses,  is  now  ready.  It 
is  the  best  guide  to  Daffodil  knowledge  ever  published,  consider- 
ably enlarged — medium  quarto  size — and  full  of  life-size  origi- 
nal drawings  by  Gertrude  Hartland.  The  Book  can  he  had  for 
18  stamps.  Its  duplicate,  without  the  illustrations,  free  to  all 
applicants.  Please  write  for  them.  The  Bulbs  are  uncoi 
healthy,  all  grown  in  fresh  pasture  loam  and  sea  sand. 
^-. „.  .    _ 

hOu: 


TO  MARKET  GROWERS  and  OTHERS.— 
About  4  Tons  of  AFRICAN  TUBEROSES.    Must  be  sold 
at  very  low  rates  to  clear.    Samples  and  prices  of 
S.  &  B..  Stamford  Hill  Nursery,  N. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTAED  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

CTRAWBERRIES    a    Specialty.— W.  Lovel 

V3  &  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sampleof  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3d.— W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 


182 


THE     GJBDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AuopsT  13,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Dutcn  Bulbs.— Monday  and  Tliuraday  Next. 

SPECIAL  S.VLES  for  tht-  TKADE  and  LARGE  BUYERS. 

MESSRS.  I'ROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION',  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C..  on  MONDAY  and  THURSDAY 
>'EXT,  at  half-past  11  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  extensive 
Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCU'S,  NARCIS- 
SUS, SNOWDROPS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  speci- 
ally lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other  large  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 
ESTABLISHED  and  IMPORTED  ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  August  19,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  large  quantity  of  l.MPORTED 
and  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  from  various  owners. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

The  Great  Annual  Trade  Sales  of 

■WINTER   FLOWERINO    HEATHS,    STOVE    and    GREEN- 
HOUSE  PLANTS. 
Important  to  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  M0RR:!S 
respectfully  give  notice  that  thev  have  FIXED  the 
ANNUAL  TRADE  SALES  as  follows,  and  give  this  early 
announcement  that  intending  purchasers  may  make  their 
arrangements  accordingly ; — 
THURSDAY,  September  8.— At  the  NURSERIES,  SWAXLEY, 

by  order  of  Mr.  P.  Ladds. 
MONDAY.  September  12.— At  the  DY'SON'S  LANE  NUP,SEBY, 

UPPER  EDMONTON,  by  order  of  Mr.  H.  B.  May. 
TUESDAY,  September  13.  — At    the    BURNT    ASH     LaNE 

NURSERIES,  LEE,  by  order  of  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  & 

Sons. 
■WEDNE3D-4.Y',  September  14.— At  the  LEE  BRIDGE  NURSE- 
RIES, LEYTON,  by  order  of  Mr.  3.  Eraser. 
THURSDAY,  September  15.— At  the  BRUNSWICK  NURSERY, 

TOTTENHAM,  by  order  of  the  Eiecutors  of  the  late 

Mr.  John  Mailer. 
FRIDAY,  September  16,  at  the  LONGLANDS   NURSERIES, 

SIDCUP,  by  order  of  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans. 
SATURDAY.  September  17,  at  the  WOODLANDS  NURSERY', 

LEWISHAM,  by  order  of  Mr.  R.  BuUen. 
MONDAY,  September  19,  at  theKEW  NURSEltY,  RICHMOND, 

by  order  of  Mr.  K.  Drost. 
Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  being  arranged,  and  the  Auc- 
tioneers, who  are  preparing  their  Lists,  for  the  coming  season, 
will  be  pleased  to  add  the  Names  and  Addresses  of  intending 
purchasers  who  may  desire  to  receive  Cataloguesof  the  Auctions. 


Forest  Gate,  Essex. 

Great  Eastern  Railway.  Colchester  Main  Line,  and  Aldgate 

Tramcar  Service.    Five  Miles  from  City. 
PEREMPTORY  SALE.— UNDER  an  ASSIGN.VIENT  to 
CREDITORS. 
To  TRUSTEES,   OCCUPYING    INVESTORS,  and  NURSERY 
GARDENERS  seeking  a  SOUND  INVESTMENT  or  good 
BUSINESS    PRE.'UISES.     DESIRABLE    LONG  LEASE- 
HOLDS.   With  Possession. 

MESSRS.  G.  B.  HILLIARD  and  SON  are 
favoured  with  instructions  from  the  Trustee  under  Mr. 
Walter  Hoy's  assignment  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  .at  The  Mart, 
Tokenhouse  Yard,  E.C..  on  THURSDAY,  August  18,  at 
2  o'clock,  a  valuable  NURSERY  G.4.RDEN,  having  a  frontage 
of  about  100  feet  to  the  Romford  Road,  at  Forest  Gate,  in  the 
pariflh  of  East  Ham,  with  a  depth  of  about  175  feet.  A  sub- 
stantially-built brick  and  slated  Dwelling-house,  containing 
eight  rooms,  bath-room,  and  domestic  offices,  conservatory  at 
side,  four  glasshouses,  all  fitted  with  hot-water  pipes,  brick 
and  slated  stable,  cart  shed,  and  loft  over.  A  good  Nursery 
Business  has  been  carried  on  for  several  years  upon  these 
premises.  A  very  desirable  TERRACE  of  Ten  Newly-erected 
SIX-ROOMED  HOUSES,  well  built  and  fitted  with  front  and 
back  gardens,  situate  in  St.  Dunstan's  Street,  one  minute 
from  the  Aldgate  Tramcar  Service  on  the  Romford  Road,  and 
about  eight  minutes'  walk  from  the  Great  Eastern  Railway 
Station,  Forest  Gate.  Five  of  these  houses  are  let  to  respect- 
able tenants  at  9s.  per  week.  Three  are  ready  for  occupation, 
and  the  other  two  will  be  finished  by  the  day  of  Sale. 

Particulars  and  conditions  of  Sale  may  be  obtained  of  Messrs. 
HUGHES  AND  GLEADOW,  Solicitors,  40,  Grncechnreh  Street, 
B.C.,  and  Lewisham,  S.E.  ;  at  The  Mart,  Tokenhouse  Y'ard ; 
and  of  the  Auctioneers.  Chelmsford. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7458.) 

VALUABLE      IMPORTED      ORCHIDS. 
CATTLEYA    OASKELLIANA. 
ONCIDIUM    PAPILIO    MAJUS. 
ONCIDIUM    BICOLOR. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  on  THUBSDAY,  AUGUST  18,  at  Half-past  12  o'clock 
precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  a  quantity  of  the  grand 
and  free  blooming  CATTLEYA  GASKELLIANA,  just  arrived 
in  excellent  ordar  and  condition,  with  bulbs  of  unusual  size, 
and  healthy  broad  distinct  looking  foliage.  Also  a  splendid 
importation  of  ONCIDIUM  PAPILIO  MAJUS  in  the  finest 
condition.  This  extremely  beautiful  and  interesting  Orchid  is 
now  very  scarce  in  its  native  habitat.  A  fine  lot  of 
ONCIDIUM  BICOLOR  will  be  offered  with  large  and  sound 
bulbs :  this  is  a  most  beautiful  Oncidium  and  very  tloriferous, 
spikes  upright,  freely  branched,  and  many  of  its  golden-yellow 
nowers  produced,  which  in  shape  are  similar  to  the  showy 
Oncidium  Rogersi. 

The  Sale  will  include  : — The  scarce  and  beautiful  Stanhopea 
Wardii,  Oncidium  species,  probably  new,  leaves  broad  and 
extra  looking;  O.  Limminghi.  O.  sarcodes,  O.  micropogon, 
and  various  other  Oncidiums  from  the  Brazils  ;  Lcelia  pur- 
purata,  the  rare  and  new  Cattleya  Schroderoi,  C.  Leopoldi, 
C.  superba  splendens,  C.  Eldorado  splendens.  Zygopetalum 
Gautieri,  Lycaste  Harrisonse.  and  many  other  choice  Orchids. 
On  view  the  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalog\ies  had. 


Dutch  Bulbs.— Trade  Sales. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  FIRST  SALE  of  DUTCH  BULBS  this  Season  will 
take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
W.C,  on  MONDAY,  August  16,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, and  will  consist  of  lots  specially  suited  for  the  Trade 
and  other  large  buyers. 
N.B.— The  Sales  will  after  this  Dale  take  place  every  MON- 

DAY',  WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7457.) 
SPECIAL  S.ALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER  and  BUD. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  August  17,  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  300  lots  of  ESTABLISHED  and  SE.MI- 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  mostly  iu  Flower  and  Bud, 
including  many  fine  plants  and  varieties.  Also  an  importation 
of  ORCHIDS  received  direct  from  Mexico. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

London,  S.W.— Bare  Opportunity. 

FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  retirement  of 
owner,  an  extremely  lucrative  and  (JM-e-tablished 
GENERAL  NURSERY  BUSINESS.  Compact  Premises  and 
Grounds.    In  main  thoroughfare.    Long  lease,  at  a  moderate 

Full  particulars  of  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  to  whom  the  business  is  w*ll 
known,  and  who  are  pleased  to  recommend  it  as  a  really 
genuine  going  concern. 

'■pO  GARDENERS  and  OTHERS.— For  Sale, 

X       a  Small  NURSERY,  well  slu,k.-,l,  ui  ^cid  repair. 
Particulars  of  J.  LAKE,  Mrs.  FeljiMte,  cbun  li  KohiI,  Leyton. 


ToFruitGrowers.MarlietGardeners.andSeedFaTmers 
'  PO  BE  SOLD,  the  Beneficial  Lease  of  about 
JL  21  acres  of  GROUND  (with  immediate  possession),  which 
is  well  stocked,  and  under  a  high  state  of  cultivatiou.  There 
are  all  the  necessary  Farm  Implements,  and  2  Horses.  11  newly 
erected  Greenhouses,  containing  in  all  about  1570  feet  run, 
which  are  well  planted  with  Tomatos,  Grape  Vines,  and  Cucum- 
bers ;  also  large  Barn,  range  of  Sheds,  Stabling,  enclosed  Yard, 
2  semi-detached  Cottages,  and  all  necessary  Outbuildings. 
Price  £1000.  Situation  close  to  Worthing.  Apply  to 
J.  S.  HAWKINS.  Auctioneer,  359,  Liverpool  Road,  London.  N. 

To  Florists  and  Seedsmen. 

TO  BE  DISPOSED  OF,  an  Old-established 
BUSINESS,  in  the  suburbs  of  the  City  of  York.  Mode- 
rate rent.  Goodwill  and  stock  at  a  fair  valuation.  Good 
reasons  for  present  proprietor  retiring. 

Apply  to  JOHN   HOWARD,    Austioneer,   3,   New  Street, 
York. 


Florist's  Business  for  Disposal. 

TO  BE  SOLI),  in  the  most  prosperous  town  on 
the  South  Coast,  the  Stock,  Goodwill,  Shop  Fittings,  and 
contents  of  THREE  HOUSES.  The  Garden  is  full  of  Flower- 
ing Plants,  and  parties  with  £200  may  commence  a  lucrative 
business.  There  is  no  jobbing  at  present,  but  there  is  no  better 
opening  in  England  for  a  good  Jobbing  Gardener. 

Write  in  first  instance  to  A.  S.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


FOR  SALE,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imrie's 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-known  NURSERY 
BUSINESS  so  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 
Trees  and  Shrubs.  Further  particulars  on  application  to 
IMRIE   AXD  COMPANY.   The  Nurseries.    Ayr,    N.B. 


FOR  SALE,  very  cheap,  a  large  CONSER- 
VATORY, about  23  feet  and  15  feet,  in  capital  condition, 
fitted  with  Tank,  Hot-water  Pipes,  &c.,  and  Stocked  with 
Palms,  Exotic  Ferns,  and  a  few  Orchids  in  fine  growth  for 
immediate  removal. 

Apply  to  CRABB  AND  SON,  38  and  40,  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 

UST  BE  SOLD,   Four  V-shaped  GREEN- 

HOUSES.  60  feet  by  13  feet ;  LEAN-TO  I'INERY,  80  feet 
by  14  feet.  To  be  seen  at  "  Packet  Boat"  Inn,  Cowley  Peachey, 
near  Uxbridge,  Middlesex.    Two  sample  houses  fixed  and  in 

H.  R.  A.,  25,  ehilworth  Street,  Pnitdington,  W. 

To  Florists,  &c. 

TO   BE    LET  or  SOLD,    on   Bexley   Heath, 
8  new   GREENHOUSES,    200  by  12  and  15  feet,    now- 
planted  with  Tomatos.     Room  to  erect  more.     Apjily, 

W.  G.  BAILEY,  Florist,  The  Nurseries.  Bexley,  Kent. 


TO      LET,      BELGRAVE      NURSERIES, 
Leicester,  containing  9  large  Houses  and  1  Pit,  averag- 
ing 57  feet,  each  with  ample  wat*r-heating  powers.     Can  be 
entered  on  October  6.    Rent  low.    Stock  luid  fixtures  optional. 
Apply,  R.  S.  HOBSON.  Belgrave. 


TO  LET,  WING  NUKSEKY,  Oakham, 
Manton  Junction,  M.R.  3000  feet  of  Glass,  and  about 
IJ  acre  of  Fruit  Trees,  &c.  Immediate  possession.  Rent  from 
Alichaelmas. 

JOHN  W.  BURTON,  Haymarket.  Leicester. 


TO   BE   LET,    a  Small    NURSERY,  in  the 
North  of  London.       8    Glasshouses.    Pits,  &c.,   heated 
with  Hot- water ;  Potting  Shed,  and  Ground.  Good  Local  Trade 
done.     Rent  £30  per  annum  to  a  good  tenant,  or  Lease  for 
21  years  would  be  sold.     Apply  by  letter,  to  the  Agent  of  the 
PEAT  ASSOCIATION,  10.  Cullum  Street,  E.C. 


To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  about  13^  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plaistow,  situated  in  tli.- Prince  Regent's 
Lane,  and  close  to  the  Barking  Road.    For  particulars  apply  to 
Messrs,  CLUTTON,  9,  Whitehall  Place,  S.W. 


''pO    FRUIT    PURCHASERS.  — For    SALE, 

-L    about  600  Bushels  of  FRUIT— APPLES  and  PEARS. 
Apply  to  GAKDENEE,  Orchard  Dene,   Ealing,  Middleeei. 


LAXTON'S  "NOBLE"  STRAWBERRY.— 
The  onlif  Fruit  n-kich  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
from  the  Roya^  Horticultural  Society  in  the  year  ending  June, 
1887,  and  the  only  Fruit  Certificated  at  the  Society's  great 
Liverpool  Show,  July,  1886.  This  wonderfully  large,  handsome, 
and  prolific  early  Strawberry,  of  first  quality,  made  the  highest 
wholesale  price  in  Covent  Garden  Market  during  the  past  three 
seasons.  Sir.  J.  Muir,  after  trying  and  forcing  it,  says,  "  In 
my  opinion  the  most  extraordinary  and  valuable  Strawberry  in 
cultivation."  Particular&of  this  and  "  Laxtou's  Jubilee, "afine 
new  late  variety;  see  previous  issue  of  this  Paper — also  free 
on  application.    Coloured  plate  of  "  Noble,"  6(f.,  from 

THOMAS  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 


Qf\  (\{\f\   CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,  of  all  the 

OV/^V/V/V/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  245.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants  ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5^inf  h  pots,  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


JiaVP  ^^"^  ^•''^n  or  ever  expect 


|i    '^  _" '  ^'^'   ^-^r     

CYCLAMEN    BULBS, 

Averaging  1  to  2  inches  over,  just  start- 
ing and  ready  for  potting,  48.  per  dozen, 
30s.  per  100.     Will  make  fine  specimens. 

H.     CANNELL     &     SONS, 

THE      HOME     OF     FLOWERS,      SWANLEY.     KENT. 


r^UTBUSH'S      MILL- 

\J  TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion. Price,  6s.  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  <6d.  per 
take  ;  free  by  parcel  post.  Is. 

Is  one  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  oursignatureattached, 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
M  ri'Iiants.  Hit?h«ate  Nurseries,  N. 


WHITE      ROMAN      HYACINTHS, 

and  all  other  Bulbs  for  earliest  forcing. 
CATALOGUE   (Xo.Z^Z)    POST-FBEE. 

"James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

108  E-\STUATE  ST.     1  „„„„„„„ 
'NEWTOW   NUESERIES)^*^'^"'^^' 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS.     MANURES, 
SUNDRrES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  everv  Hortioultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75a,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.G.,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    Dep6t :  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams—"  FLoaicirLTUBE.  London."    Established  1854. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Tw 


Mi: 


Quality,  THE  BEST  In  tlie  Market.     (All  sacks  inc 

PEAT,  best  brown  librous    ...   f>s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  6rf. 

PEAT,  best  black  tibrous     ...  4s.  ^.    ,.        5  sacks  tor  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    6s.  6d.    ,,        6  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     \ 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best      (Is.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  beat  only  (         (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  94.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    id:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialite)      8<f.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  fineat  Milltrack ...    53.  per  bushel. 

CHUBB'S"PERFE(3T"FER-')  In  h,ag3. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  . ' , 

aU  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  f  Tins.  71b.  141b.  281b.  56Ib.  1  cwt. 
Fruits,  Vegetables,  &c.     ...}    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality         1/2    2/-    3/6       6/-     12/- 

VIRGINCORK,  best  quality  only        —    3/-    5/6    10/6    17/- 

HOUTICULTUBAl  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  M.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chnbb's  special  process), 
sacks.  Is.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  s.icks.  17s. ; 
30  sacks,  2,'Js. ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Tnick-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  (5..  special  quality,  granulated, 
in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWAIX,  LONDON,  E. 


AtronsT  13,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEBS'     CEB'ONIGLE. 


183 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(EstabUshed  1841) 

CONTAINS    ARTICLES    ON    ALL    DEPARTMENTS    OF  j^ 

GARDENING, 

NOTICES  OF  ALL  HORTICULTURAL  MATTERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

EEPORTS   of   EXHIBITIONS,    REVIEWS   of  BOOKS,    and 
HOME,    COLONIAL,    and   FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Original  lUustrations  by  W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,  W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  W.  J.  WELCH,  and  Others. 


Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  the  following,  out    of  many  hundreds, 

may  be  named  : — 


ALPINE    PLAKTS:- 

BACKHOUSE,  J. 

HALL,  J..  F.R.S. 

CHUKCHLLL,  G.  C.  Clifton,  Bristol. 

CORREVON.  H.,  Geneva. 

DEWAK,  D.,  Kew. 


AMATEUR    GARDENING  ;- 

BADGER,  E.  W. 

BOYLE,  Hon,  Mra.  E.  V.  B. 

"  S.  BRIGID." 

BRIGHT,     the    late    H.    A.    ( ■'  Notes 

from  a  Lancashire  Ganleii"), 
CLARKE,  CoL  Trevor. 
EWBANK,  Rev.  H.,  Ryile. 
LOWNE,  B.  T. 
OWEN,  Miss,  Kno<?kmullen. 
PHILBRICK,  Q.C. 


ARBORETUM  ■■— 

BARRON,  W.,  Borrowa-sh. 
LAVALLEE,  Alphon-e,  the  late. 
NICHOLSON,  G.,  Curator,  Boyal  Gar- 
dens, Kew. 
SARGENT,  Prof..  Boston,  U.S.A. 
WEBSTER,  A.  D. 
YOUNG,  Maurice. 

BEE-KEEPING  :- 


CHEMISTRY  :- 

CHURCH,  Prof.,  Kew. 
UEHERAIN,  Prof.,  Paris. 
DYER,  Bernard. 
GILBERT.  Prof.,  Rothamsted. 
LAWES,  Sir  J.,  Rothamsted. 
WARINGTON,  R.,  Rothamsted. 
WILLIS,  J.  J. 


DISEASES    OF    PLANTS  :- 

ARTHUR.  Prof.,  New  York. 
BASTIAN,  Dr.  Charlton,  F.R.S. 
BEIJERINCK,  Prof.,  Wageningen. 
BERKELEY,  Rev.  M.  J.,  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD,  T.  S.,  F.R.S.,  the  late. 
COOKE,  Dr.  M.  C. 
MURRAY,  G..  British  Museum. 
PAGET,  Sir  .Tames,  F.R.S. 
PHILIPPS,  W. 

PLOWRIGHT,  C.  B.,  (Funoi). 
SXUTH.  W.  G. 
SORAUER,  Prof..  Proskau. 
WARD,    Prof.     Marshall,     School    of 


Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 


BAKER,  J, 

DRUERY, 

HKMSLEY',  A. 

MOORE,  T.,  Botanic  Garde 

RISTS'    FLOWERS  :— 

DEAN,  R„  Ealing, 
DODWELL,  E.  S.,  Oxford. 
D'OMBRAIN,  Rev.  H.  H. 
DOUGLAS,  J.,  nford. 
DOWNIE,  J.,  Edinburgh. 
HORNER,  Rev.  F.  D. 
MOLYNEUX,  E. 
PAUL,  G..  Paisley. 
^UKNER,  C,  the  late. 


FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE  :- 

A^'DRE,  E.,  Paris. 
ANTOINE,  F.,  the  late,  Vienna. 
BENNET,  H.,  M.D.,  Mentone. 
BERGMAN,  E.,  FerriSres. 
BONAVIA,  C,  Lucknow. 
CABUEL,  Prof.,  Florence. 
CASPARY,  Prof.,  Koenigsberg. 
DE  MAR,  J.  A.,  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DRUDE,  Prof.,  Dresden. 
DUCHARTBE,  Prof.,  Paris. 
EICHLER,    Prof.,    Director,     Imperial 

Botanic  Gardens,  Berlin. 
FENZI,  Cav.  E.,  Florence. 
HA^raURY,  T.,  Mentone. 
HENRIQUEZ,  Prof.,  Ooimbra. 
JOLY,  C,  Paris. 
KOLB,  Max.  Munich. 
KBELAGE,  E.  H.,  Haarlem. 
LANGE,  Prof.,  Copenhagen. 
MEEHAN,  T.,  Philadelphia. 
MONTEIRO,  Chev.,  Lisbon. 
MORREN,  the  late  Prof.,  Liege. 


OLI\T:mA,  J.  D.',  Oporto. 
OLIVER,  Captain  S.  P.,  Madagas 
PLANCHON,  Prof.,  MontpeUier. 


RODIGAS,  E..  Ghent. 
SURINGAE,  Prof.,  Leydeu. 
TROUBETZKOI,  Prince  (Eucalyptus). 
VILMOBIN,  H.  de,  Paris. 
WITTMAOK,  Dr.,  Berlin. 
WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg. 

FORESTRY  :- 

BRACE,  C.  J.,  France. 
FRANCE,  C.  S.,  Aberdeen. 
MICHIE,  C.  Y.,  CuUen,  Aberdeen. 
WEBSTER,  A.  D.,  Carnarvonshire. 

FRUIT    CULTURE  :- 

BARRON,  A.  F.,  Chiswick. 
BLACK3I0RE.  R.  D. 
BUNY.ARD,  G.,  Maidstone,  Kent. 
CHEAL,  J.,  Crawley,  Sussex. 
KIVERS,  T.  F. 
WARD,  E.,  Hewell  Grange. 

GARDEN    BOTANY:— 

BAKER,  J.  G.,  F.R.S. 

BALFOUR.  Prof.,  Oxford. 

B^LL,  3.,  F.R.S. 

BENTHAM,  the  late  G.,  F.R.S. 

BROWN,  N.  E.,  Herbarium,  Kew. 

BURBIDGE,  F.  W..  Botanic  Gardens, 

Dublin. 
CLARKE,  Col.  Trevor. 
CLARKE,  C.  B.,  F.R.S. 
COOKE,  Dr.  (Fungi). 
CORNU,  Prof.  Max,  Paris. 
DECAISNE,  the  late  Prof.,  Paris. 
DE  CANDOLLE,  A.,  Geneva. 
DYER,    W.    T.    T.,    Director,   Boyal 

Gardens,  Kew. 
ELLACOMBE,  Rev.  Canon. 
ELWES,  H.  J.  (Lilies).  [f«rs). 

ENGELMANN,  the  late  Dr.  G.  (Coni- 
FRANCHET,  Paris. 
GRAY,  Prof.  Asa,  Boston,  U.S.A. 
HEMSLEY,  W.  B.,  Kew, 
HOOKER,    Sir   J.    D.,    K.C.S.I.,    late 

Director,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
JACKSON,    Mu-eum,   Royal    Gardens, 

Kew  (Econnmic  Botany). 
LEICHTLIN,  Max.  Baden-Baden. 
MAW,  G.  (Oocus).    [Gardens,  Kew. 
MORRIS,  D.,  Assistant  Director,  Boyal 


GARDEN  BOTANY  :- 

NAUDIN.  C,  Antibes. 
OLIVER,  Prof.,  F.R.S. 
RIDLEY,  H.,  British  Museum. 
ROLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
SMITH,  W.  G.  (Fungi). 
STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens. 
STRICKLAND,  Sir  C. 
TODARO,  Baron,  Palermo. 
WATSON,  Sereno,  Boston,  U.S.A. 

GARDEN    INSECTS  :- 

MACLACHLAN,  R.,  F.R.S.,  Pres.  Ent. 


HERBACEOUS    PLANTS  :- 

BABR,  P.,  Covent  Ganl.-n. 
CREWE.  Rev.  H.  Harpur,  the  late. 
DOD,  Rev.  C.  W. 
ELLACOMBE,  Rev.  Canon. 
ELWES,  H.  J.,  Cirencester. 
HARTLAND.  Bavlor.  Cork. 
PERRY,  Tottenham. 
POTTER.  W.,  York. 
WILSON,  G.  F.,  F.R.S. 

INDIA    AND    THE    COLONIES  :— 

ABLAM.  H.,  Natal. 

BANCROFT,  G,,  M.D,,  Queensland. 

BENNETT,  G.,  M.D.,  Sydney. 

BONAVIA.  Dr.,  N.  W.  P.,  India. 

COOPER.  Sir  Dan,,  Bart.,  Sydney. 

DUTHIE,  J.  F.,  Saharunpore. 

HART,  J.,  Jamaica. 

IM  THURN,  Everard.  British  Guiana. 

KING,    Dr.,    Director,    Royal    Botanic 

Gardens,  Calcutta. 
MACOWAN,  Prof.,  Cape  Town 
MUELLER,      Baron     Sir     Ferd.     V., 

Melbourne. 
MURTON.  H.  J.,  Siam. 
PRESTO,  H.,  Trinidad. 
SCHOMBURGK,  Dr.,  Adelaide. 
SMITH,  T.,  New  Zealand. 
SYME,  6.,  Jamaica. 
TRIMEN,  H.,  Ceylon. 

LANDSCAPE    GARDENING  :- 

ANDRE,  E„  Paris. 
BOSCAWEN,  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T. 
BURVENICH,  F„  Ghent. 
JACKMAN,  J.,  Woking. 


JULIAN,  G.  Richards. 


ANDERSON,  J.,  Meadowbank. 
BACKHOUSE,  I.,  York. 
BRADSHAW,  A.,  Waddesdon  Gardens. 
BULL,  W. 
BULLEN,       R.,       Botanic       Gardens, 

Glasgow. 
BUYSSON.  M.  Le  Comte. 
CRAWSHAY,  De  B. 
LAWRENCE,  Sir  Trevor,  Bart.,  M.P., 

President,  Royal  Horticultural  Soc. 
LEE,  W.,  Downside. 
LINDEN,  Lucien,  Ghent. 
O'BRIEN,  James. 
PFITZER,  Prof.,  Heidelberg. 
REICHENBACH,  Prof..  Hamburgh. 
RIDLEY,  H.  N.,  British  Muteam. 
SANDER,  F. 
SMEE,  A.  H. 

SWA>-,  W.,  Howick  House,  Preston. 
VEITCH,  H. 
WILLIAMS,  B.  S. 
WOOLFOED,  0.,  Downside. 


PRACTICAL    GARDENING  :- 

ATKINS,  J. 

AUSTEN,  J.,  Witley  Court  Gardens. 

BAILLIE,  W.  M.,  Luton  Hoo  Gardens. 

BAINES,  T. 

BAKER,  G.  [Oxford. 

BAXTER,    W.    H.,    Botanic    Gardens, 

BLAIR,  T.,  Shrubland  Gardens. 

CARJnCH  AEL,  A.  M.,  Henley  in  Arden. 

CHALLIS,  T. 

CHRISTLE,  A„  Warwick  Castle. 

COLEiMAN,      W.,      Eastnor       Castle 

COOJtBER,  J.,  The  Heudre. 
COOMBER,  W.,  Regent's  Park. 
CROSSLING,    R.,    St.    Pagan's  Castle 

Gardens. 
CUL-VERWELL.  W.,  Thorpe  Perrow. 
DEAN,  A.  (Potatos,  &c.). 
DEWAR,  D.,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
DOUGLAS,  J.,  Great  Qearies,  nford. 
DUNN,  M..  Dalkeith. 
EARLEY,  W.,  Ilford. 
EVANS.  A.,  Lythe  Hill  Gardens. 
FINDLAY,  B.,  Manchester. 
FISH,  D.  T.,  Hardwicke  Gardens. 
FOWLER,       A.,       Castle       Kennedy 
FRASER,  J.,  Kew.  [Gardens. 

GIBSON,  W.  M.  (Town  Gardening). 
GRIEVE,  P.,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 
HARRIS,  G.,  Alnwick  Ca.stle. 
HEMSLEY,  A.  (Market  Plants). 
HUDSON,  J.  (Stove  Plants). 
INGRAM,  W.,  Belvoir  Gardens. 
LYNCH.     E.     J.,     Botanic    Gardens, 

Cambridge. 
MiOlNDOE,  J.,  Hutton  Hall. 
MELVILLE,  D.,  Dunrobin  Gardens. 
MILES,      G.     T.,      Wycombe    Abbey 

Gardens. 
MILLER,  W.,  Coombe  Abbey. 
MOORE,    F.    W.,    Glasnevin    Botanic 
O'BRIEN,  T.  [Garden. 

RICHARDS,  G.  H.,  Somerley  Gardens 
ROBERTS,  J.,  Gunnersbury. 
RUST,  J.,  Bridge  Castle. 
SAUL,  M.,  York. 

SHEPPARD,  J.,  Wolverston  Gardens. 
SMITH,  J.,  Meutmore  Gardens. 
SMYTHE,  W.,  Basing  Park. 
TEMPLE,  M„  Carron  House,  N.B. 
THOMAS,  O.,  Chatsworth  Gardens. 
THOMSON,  W.,  Cloveaford  (Vinas).  _ 
WALLIS,  J.,  Keele  Gardens. 
WARD,  E.,  HewellGrange,  Bromsgrove. 
WARD,     H.     W.,     Longford     Castle 

Gardens. 
WATSON,  W.,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
WEBSTER,  J.,  Gordon  Castle  Gardens. 
WILDSMITH,  W.,  Hecklield  Gardens. 
WILSON,  D. 
WILSON,  6.  F.  (Lilies). 


BENNETT.  H. 

D'OMBRAIN,  Rev.  H.  H. 

FISH,     D.    T.,    Hardwick,    Bury    St. 

FISHER,  Rev.  O.  [Edmunds. 

GIRDLESTON,  I.  W. 

PAUL,  G.,  Cheshunt. 

PAUL,  W.,  Waltham  Cross. 

VEGETABLE    PHYSIOLOGY  ;- 

BENNETT,  A.  W. 
BOULGER,  Prof. 
DARWIN,  Charles,  the  late. 
FOSTER,  Prof.  Michael. 
GARDINER,  W,,  Cambrid.Te. 
GLAISHER,  James  (MeteftolOKV.) 
HENSLt)W,  Rev.  O. 


184 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  13,  1887. 


SEEDLING  PLANTS 

OF    CHOICE 

FLORISTS'  FLOWERS. 


WE    HAVE    MUCH    PLEASURE 
in  offering  the  following,  in  strong,  healthy,  traDS- 
plauted  young  stuff,  from  our  superb  strains. 
Free  by  Post  at  prices  quoted. 

Per  dozen. — s.  d. 
Auriculas,    alpine.      Very  choice,   strong  young 

phii  t9  for  blooming  next  season        2     6 

Calceolarias,  herbaceous.    Splendid  strain     ...  2  6 
Carnations  and  Picotees.  From  choicest  named 

llowers       per  100,  10.5.  6rf.  1  6 

..     \eIIow  varieties       3  6 

Cinerarias.    Large  flowered,  very  fine, 

per  100,  lO.t.  G'i.  1  6 

HoUyllOCkS.    Choicest  double  o  f> 

Primulas,   Alba  magnifica.     Splendid  pure  white  3  6 
,,    Crimson   King.       Deep  crimson    magnificent 

colour         3  b 

„    Queen  of  Whites.    Very  fine  3  b 

„    Purpurea  magnifica.    Superb  variety  3  6 
„    The  Bride.      New  dark-stemmed  p  ire  wli  te 

splendid     3  6 

„    Choicest  red,  white,  or  mixed 

per  lOO    lOi   brf  1  b 

,,    Fern-leaved.    Choice  mixed  10s  Sd  I  b 

Primroses.      High  coloured  hybrids    very  choice 

strain per  100    10a   brf  1  6 

Polyanthus,  gold-laced.    Fine       „        7s.  6rf.    i    o 

Primulas,  double,  pure  white.  Splendid  tor  furnish- 
ing imabundanci-u!  cut  flowers  throughout  the  autumn 
and  winter.  Well-rooted  strong  young  plants,  from 
3-inch  pots,  per  100,  42s.;  perdoz.,  6s.;  three  for  Is.  9d. 


DANIELS  BROS., 

TOWN       CLOSE      NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


JERSEY 

FRUIT 

CarriaRe  Paul. 

TREES. 

Write  for    Illustratrd 

CntalOKiiOs  to    JO 

■ilir.A     I,E    CnKNII 

AND  SON,    Hitth    View 

NurHeri.>».    wlio 

Mil    -rriil,     iMrnaK.- 

paid  for  cash  with  onie 

,  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  for  21s. 

Early  order 

secure  extra  strrjii 

•  pkuita. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

CHARLES    TURNER'S 
NEW    AND    DESCRIPTIVE    LIST 

applicati 


THE 


SLOUGH. 


16,000  TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LE.IBINO  VARrETIES, 

Fijae  planta,  in  5^  and  6-inch  pots.  12s.,  lbs.,  and  185.  per  dozen, 

according  to  size. 

The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 

any  in  the  country.    LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 

application.        p^;^,^  j^  ^^^  ,j_.^^^  ^^  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICTTLTURAL  CO. 

(JOHX    COWAN),    Ll.MlTED, 

THE  VrfTEYARD  and  NUBSERIES,  GAKSTON, 

NEAK  UVERPOOL. 


4iiN^ 


APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS, 

CHERRIES, 
APRICOTS,  PEACHES, 

And  other  FRUIT  TREES, 

in  full  hmrmj. 
Now  is  the  time  to  select. 

I  N  HP  E  CT I  ON      INVITED. 
LISTS  Post-free. 


DUTCH   FLO^^VER   ROOTS 

JAMES  VEifcf  &  SONS 

lie;/  to  announce  that  their 

BULB    CATALOGUE    FOR    1887 

Is  now  ready,  and  may  be  had  Gratis  and  Post-free  on  application. 


ROYAL  EXOTIC  NURSERY,  KING'S  ROAD,  CHELSEA,   LONDON,  S.W. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE  BUILDERS  and  HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenliouses.  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  -  ,.i,-.iru.  (^t  on  nur  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  gru\\iiij:;  Im>h.si.-h,  iiml  fur  pr^ictn  :il  utility,  rruiiomy.  and  dur;iLiility  cLiniiut  be  eiiu^illed.    We  only  do  One  class  of  work, 
and  that  THE  very  best. 

ConserTatOZies  and  Winter  Gardens  d.-^i^'upd  iinhitecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  hir^esf.  Hot- water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 
in  all  cases.    Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.^  always  in  stock. 

PlaJis,  Estimates  and  C'</' 


MODERATE    CHARGES. 


free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 
Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been — 

FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


WINE 


GROWERS 


AGENTS. 


JOHN   C.  HANDS  &  CO., 

Old-established  Wine  and  Spirit  Merchants. 

GOOD      DINNEE      CLAEETS     from     12s.   6d.     per     dozen. 

SOLE    AGENTS    FOB 

GEVENCEY  CHAMPAGNE  (Spt^ciaUt^),  30s.  per  dozen. 


99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 
BOULTON  &  PAUL,    NORWICH, 

HORTICULTURAL   BUILDERS  !■  i  HEATING   ENGINEERS. 

O  r  GBEENHOffiES  and  HEAT- 
l\G  APPARATV.'i  are  Erected  in 
^ery  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

Complete  Ranges  of 

VINERIES 

PEACH    HOUSES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c., 


GARDEN    FRAMES 

of  every  variety  in  stock. 
G&ieral  CATALOGUE  Post-free, 


August  13,  1887.1 


THE     GABDENEES'     CHRONICLE. 


185 


Carters'  Seeds 


PRESENT  SOWING. 


CABBAGE— Carters'  Early  Heartwell. 

Pronounced  to  be  the  finest  early  Cabbage  in  cultiva- 
tion.    Very  distinct.     The  heads  are  extremely  tirm, 
weighing  from  4  to  6  lb. 
In  sealed  packets  only— Per  pkt..  Is.  &  &d. ;  per  oz.,  Is.  Gd. 
All  post  free. 

GABBACE— Carters'  Mammoth  Beefheart. 

The  best    Main-crop   Garden  Cahbat;..  in  cultivation; 
very  large  firm  beads  of  exquisite  lluvour,  very  few 
outside  leaves,  and  does  not  readily  run.     The  finest 
Summer  Cabbage  known. 
In  sealed  packets — Per  pkt.,  Is.  and  6rf. ;  per  ounce,  \s.  6d. 


LEHUCE. 


Price,  per  pkt..  post  free. 


CAKTERS'  GI.AXT  WHITE  COS  6rf.  &  1  0 

Dl'NXETTS  GIANT  WDs'TEK  COS    6ii.  &  1  0 

HARDY'S  KORTHERN  KCJG  COS      1  6 

CARTERS'  LONGSTANDER  CABBAGE  LET- 
TUCE                2.S.  erf.  &  1  0 

ALL  THE  YEAR  ROUND  CABBAGE  LETTUCE  ...  0  6 

Post  free.    Peroz.  Per  pkt. 

s.    il.  s.  d. 

CARTERS'  GOLDEN  GLOBE  TRIPOLI...    2    6  1    " 

GIANT  ROCCA 16  0     15 

GIANT  WHITE  TRIPOLI 1    u  0    0 

EARLY  WHITE  NAPLES 0     9  — 

GLANT  5I.ADEIRA      0    9  — 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H,M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Piince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  H0L60RN,  LONDON. 


DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

ENGLISH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

See  our   Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulbs, 
free  on  application, 

containing  List  of  all  the  best  varietiesof  HYACINTHS.  TULIPS, 

CROCUS,  LILIES,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS,  SNOWDROPS,  &c. 
Please  compare  our  Prices  be/ore  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 

SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  -with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 

DUTCH  AND  CAPE  BULBS. 

ANT.   ROOZEH   &   SON, 

OVERVEEN,    near    HAARLEM,     HOLLAND, 

Have  pleasure  in  informing  their  numoroug  Friends  that 
their  harvest  of  Bulbs  is  unusually  tine  thia  sea^n,  and  that 
their  CATALOGUE  for  1887.  containing  details  of  their  im- 
mense Collections  of  New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants 
(86  pages,  in  English),  is  now  ready,  and  will,  as  usual,  be  sent 
Post-free,  on  application  to  them,  or  to  their  General  Agents  for 
Great  Britain. 

MESSRS.    MERTENS   &   CO., 
3,  Cross  Lane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London,  E.C. 

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Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

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lettuce- 
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IILACK  SEEDED  BATH. 
Cabbage  Varieties : 

SUTTON'S  GEM, 
SUTTON'S  COMMODORE  NUTT. 
For  prices  and  full  particulars  of  these  aod  other  Seeds 
for  Present  Sowing  see  Sutton's  Amateui's  Guide,  the 
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WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  ETC. 
B.    S.   WILLIAMS 

Has  receired  a  maynificent  importition  of  wcll- 

ripeiied  and  heavy  llulbsipf 
ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  Early  White, 

ffijui  o  to  t.)j  inches  infireumference. 

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trMiu  .'i  tu  tj  inches  in  tircumierence. 

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fri.iiii  .'i  u.>  C'j  inches  iiifircumference. 

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JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

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ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  AVhiteJfine  selected 

root^.  2x.  per  do/cu.  l-">s'.  per  100. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  \^d.  per  doz., 

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THE 


darters^  OjhrMkk, 

SATURDAY,   AUGUST  13,   1887, 


THE    DROUGHT  — A    RETRO- 
SPECT. 

TN  gardening  there  are  griefs  as  well  as  joys, 
-»-  and  in  the  hour  when  plants  long  cherished, 
sacred  as  old  friends,  are  torn  and  broken  by  the 
storm,  killed  to  the  ground  by  a  winter's  "frost 
too  great  to  bear  and  live,  eaten  to  the  core  by 
a  "  worm  i'  the  bud,"  or  struck  to  death  by  a 
burning  sun,  we  wonder  does  the  joy  outweigh 
the  pain  ?  We  know  it  does  when  joy  re  inns 
but  till  then  the  heart  is  troubled  by  its  doubt- 
ing— that  mist  which  dims  Nature's  clearest 
silvered  mirror. 

June!  The  very  word  speaks  of  verdure, 
dewy  freshness,  and  cool  shade  ;  but  to-day  these 
words  are  as  a  dream.  The  close  shorn  grass  has 
not  a  blade  erect — it  is  flat,  and  bro^™,  and  bare. 
No  longer  in  the  morning  are  the  Daisy  heads 
shorn  off,  nor  the  lawn  invite  one  forth  in  all 
its  velvet  green,  so  soft  and  springing  to  the 
tread.  Now  it  is  hot  and  hard  beneath  the  feet 
and  wearies  with  each  step.  In  the  pasture  no 
longer  are  there  blossoms  beneath  the  ripened 
grass.  The  pink  Clover  has  scorched  and 
withered  heads.  Gone  are  the  Buttercups.  All 
is  brown  as  the  stretch  of  wet  sea  sand  beyond 
from  which  the  tide  has  just  receded. 

In  the  garden  there  is  woe.  All  plants  not  deeply 
rooted  are  fainting  in  the  sun ;  poor,  hopeless, 
hanging  leaves,  that  tell  their  thirst  in  vain. 
Where  so  lately  the  Pansies  were  of  glowing 
purple,  are  now  brown  leaves  baked  crisp  by  the 
sun.  The  summer  Forget-rae-Not,  that  beautiful 
cool  patch  of  blue,  dropped  as  if  from  the  skies 
is  of  a  faded  grey,  with  poor,  dim  green  leaves. 
The  white  Martagon  Lily  has  lost  its  stately 
port ;  the  blossoms  are  huddled  together  in  a 
disappointed  mood.  One  can  perceive  now  which 
are  the  sun-worshippers  among  the  flowers.  The 
.Japan  Roses  (Rosa  rugosa)  were  never  in  greater 
Ijeauty.  The  masses  of  large  crimson  blossoms 
with  already  bunches  of  pale  green  berries  among 
the  dark  glistening  foliage,  are  very  striking, 
while  of  the  light  variety,  the  pure  milky 
blossoms  gleaming  among    the  shining    leaves 


186 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


[August  13,  1887. 


give  a  refreshing  sense  of  coolness.  Both  the 
crimson  and  white  will  go  on  producing  blossoms 
and  berries  until  the  last  days  of  autumn,  when 
the  trees  are  lit  up  with  a  sunset  glow  of  golden 
leaves.  Severe  pruning  in  the  month  of  February, 
of  the  previous  year's  shoots,  promotes  exuberant 
growth. 

The  Snow  tree,  Chionanthus  virginica  looks 
most  remarkable  in  the  midst  of  its  hot  and 
dry  surroundings.  It  is  6  feet  high,  and  covered 
with  bloom.  In  the  sunshine  the  long  branches 
look  actually  laden  as  with  dazzling  snow,  so 
compact  is  the  flowering  mass.  During  the 
winter  storms  this  shrub  was  nearly  uprooted 
by  the  weight  of  its  tallest  branches,  but  I  waited 
to  cut  them  until  they  were  in  blossom,  and  I 
have  my  reward,  for  the  tall  snowy  branches  have 
brought  their  coolness  and  fragrance  within  doors 
as  they  stand  to-day  in  an  earthen  jar.  After 
blossom,  this  shrub  makes  its  growth  for  next 
year's  bloom,  and  these  young  shoots  need  con- 
stant pinching  to  form  a  shapely  bush. 

The  feather  Hyacinth  seems  to  revel  in  the 
sunshine.  It  is  much  finer  than  usual,  the  great 
purple  plumes  being  6  inches  in  thickness. 
Grown  in  good  masses  beside  the  silvery  St. 
Bruno's  Lily,  the  effect  is  beautiful.  Gaillardias 
appear  indifferent  as  to  moisture,  at  least  they 
are  blossoming  freely  without  it,  tossing  their 
long  arms  wildly  about. 

Juh)  .30.— Still  the  long  drought  continues. 
Though  a  few  showers  have  darkened  the  earth 
and  wetted  the  leaves  from  time  to  time,  yet  no 
moisture  has  reached  the  roots  of  the  suffering 
plants.  The  Strawberries  are  burnt  up,  not  a 
single  berry  having  been  gathered  from  the  beds. 
The  Figs  have  all  dropped  off  a  well-fruited  tree. 
Apples  are  falling  in  quantity,  and  brown  Chest- 
nut leaves  cover  the  sod  from  which  the  grass 
has  disappeared  in  the  little  wood. 

Never  during  summer  time  were  flowers  so 
scarce  in  the  garden  as  at  present ;  they  come 
and  hurry  away  as  fast  as  possible  from  such 
unexpected  heat  and  thirst.  There  is  no  growth 
among  the  plants— no  advance  toward  com- 
panionship and  mingling  of  their  blossoms,  but — 

"  Weep  no  more— ah  !  woep  no  more  ! 
The  fiower-buds  sleep  in  the  root's  white  core." 

If  this  baking  drought  robs  us  of  the  wealth  of 
summer  bloom  and  autumn  riches,  it  may  perhaps 
lay  up  a  fuller  store  for  the  springtide  in  the 
well-ripened  bulbs.  X.  A.  L. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 

CIRRHOPETALUM  STRAGULARIUM,  n.  sp* 
A  CLOSE  neighbour  of  Cirrhopetalum  Thouarsii .  It 
appears  to  be  very  distinct  in  its  cohering  broader 
lateral  sepals,  in  its  cun-ed  petals,  covered  inside  at 
their  tops  with  a  few  rows  of  very  conspicuous  shining 
warts,  and  in  the  much  narrower  lip.  I  have  at  hand 
a  three-flowered  inflorescence.  The  stalked  ovaries 
are  yellowish,  full  of  deep  brown  lines.  Median  sepal 
elliptical,  cucuUate,  purple  at  the  top.  covered  with 
innumerable  minute  purple  spots,  with  a  shorter 
apicilar  bristle  than  that  of  Cirrhopetalum 
Thouarsii.  Side  sepals  cohering  from  antebasilar 
part,  sulphur  coloured,  with  numerous  square  or 
hieroglyphical  purple  blotches,  with  small  purple 
spots   at  the  base.     Petals    broader  than    in    Cirr- 

*  Cirrhopetalum  stragularium,  n.  sp.  — Affine  Cirrhopetalo 
Thouarsii,  Liodl.  1  Sepalo  imparl  elliptico  fornicato  aplee  uni- 
seto;  Bepalis  lat«ralibu9  oblongo  ligulatla  contiguis;  tepalis 
oiirvia  ciliiitis  latiusculia  apice  obtuse acutis.intpme  verrucosis, 
labello  basi  hastato  linear!  liguUto  conroluto  hinc  ambitum 
teret-em  aimulante;  column»  setis  basi  et  ante  basin  angulato 
dentatifl.  Bulbopbyllum  etragularium.  Eic.  eic.  W.  Bull. 
/;.  G.  Rchb  f. 


hopetalum  ''Thouarsii,!  blunt,  acute,  with  numerous 
bristles  at  th  e  border,  with  the  above-mentioned  warts, 
which  are  usually  impressed  at  the  top,  yellowish, 
brownish-purple  at  the  apex,  full  of  purple  spots  all 
remaining  part.  Lip  curved,  with  two  divaricate 
angles  near  the  base,  convolute,  so  as  to  appear  partly 
terete,  very  dark  from  numerous  dark  purplish-black 
spots,  microscopically  velutinous  at  the  base.  Column 
whitish  (not  spotted  as  in  Cirrhopetalum  Thouarsii), 
with  bristles,  which  have  one  angle  at  the  base,  and  one 
in  front  of  it.  The  name  is  derived  from  the  sepals 
looking  like  certain  Turkish  carpets.  It  was  kindly 
sent  me  by  Mr.  W.  Bull,  whose  No.  1005  it  is.  H.  G. 
Bckh.f. 

ODONTOGLOisuM  Pescatorei  stupendum,  «.  var. 

Profound  wis  my  impression,  when  an  uncommonly 
large  flower  ota  very  fine  new  varietv  peeped  out  of 
the  dry  moss.  *'  It  may  have  been  produced  from  a 
very  few  flovered  individual,"  I  thought,  struck  by 
its  gi-andeur,  and  when  I  had  it  free  from  the  moss 
I  saw  that  it  'orraed  a  small  part  of  a  wide  panicle, 
just  so  mud  as  to  give  full  evidence  of  a  great 
inflorescence. 

Dorsal  sepil  with  a  bright  mauve-purple  disc. 
Lateral  sepal  of  the  same  colour  on  the  outer  halves, 
inner  halves  vhite.  Petalssnow-white.withafewdark 
mauve  spots, none  of  which  is  larger  than  a  seed  of 
the  Potato,  iip  with  the  usual  yellow  calli.  Borders 
of  the  side  hcinia^  and  of  the  anterior  blade  full  of 
such  broken  ihort  mauve  lines  as  are  seen  in  Helcia 
sanguinolent.'  and  in  Odontoglossum  Harryannum. 
Column  whit,  orange  at  the  anterior  base,  and  then 
with  some  dak  mauve  paint. 

I  have  beei  most  agreeably  surprised  by  the  receipt 
of  this  beaut;  through  Mr.  W.  Bull.  H.  G.  Hchb.f. 

Mammill-ria  cornimamma,  N.  E.  Br.,  n.  sp* 
This  is  oie  of  those  handsome  large  flowered 
species  belot^ing  to  the  same  group  as  M.  sulco- 
lanata,  and  w  ich  is  well  characterised  by  the  presence 
of  a  groove  own  the  upper  face  of  the  mamma;  or 
tubercles,  h  in  the  other  members  of  the  group, 
this  groove  i;  not  developed  in  the  earlier  stages  of 
the  plant,  th' mammae  towards  the  base  of  the  plant 
being  withot  the  groove.  The  plant  has  just 
flowered  at  ,vew,  and  as  I  have  been  unable  to 
identify  it  wth  any  described  species  I  venture  to 
publish  it  asiew. 

POGONIA    PULCHELLA. 

At  p.  r>70  f  the  issue  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
for  May  21  was  mentioned  that  Pogonia  Fordii 
was  in  floweiat  Kew,  and  a  short  description  of  the 
plant  was  gi\n.  It  was  also  stated  that  the  species 
was  figured  i  the  Botanical  Maga::hie,  t.  6851,  under 
the  name  of  .  pulchella.  There  seems  to  have  been 
a  little  confiion,  probably  owing  to  transposition  of 
labels  in  th  living  plants  in  regard  to  these  two 
species.  Te  plant  alluded  to  in  the  Gardeiiers^ 
Chronicle,  ai  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
was  P.  puhella,  and  rightly  so  named  in  the 
Botanical  Mcazine. 

The  tubersent  to  Kew  which  produced  the  plants 
from  which  te  illustration  was  made,  were  collected 
in  Hong  Kor,  and  sent  to  Kew,  I  believe,  in  the 


*  MammilUm  comimamma,N.  E.Br..n.  sp.— Stems ubglo- 
bose,  about  ajchesin  diameter  inthe  plant  seen,  of  a  slightly 
greyish-green  Jour,  with  the  axila  and  areolae  of  the  younger 
mammEe  dense  white,  woolly.  Mammae  large,  projecting  about 
i  inch,  about  ^ch  broad  at  the  base,  transversely  rhomboidal, 
conical,  groovedown  the  upper  face.  Exterior  apiues  10—13, 
radiately  spre.ing,  J  inch  long,  rather  stout  and  rigid, 
straight,  ashy  hite,  with  dark  brown  tips,  the  4—6  upper- 
most ones  morslender,  and  more  crowded  than  the  others  ; 
interior  9pines-3,  stouter  and  longer  than  the  outer  spines, 
dark  brown,  burning  pale  at  the  base,  the  lower  one  (which 
is  sometimes  t  only  interior  one  developed),  J— J  inch  loag. 
recurving  oufards  and  downwards,  the  upper  erect  or 
slightly  direct  to  one  side,  a  little  curved  :  in  the  younger 
stages  of  the  \nt  none  of  the  interior  spines  are  developed. 
Flowers  3  incs  in  expanse,  with  lineai^lanceolate,  acute, 
entire  segmts,  the  inner  ones  Jt  'uch  broad;  light 
yellow,  with  purplish  median  stripe  down  the  back  of  all 
but  the  inneDSt  segments,  on  the  outer  ones  the  stripe 
occupies  near  the  whole  width  of  the  segment.  Stamens 
very  numerouthe  filaments  yellow,  tinted  with  orange-red  ; 
anthers  brighyellow.  Stigmas  seven  in  the  plant  seen,  pale 
sulphur-yello    Country  unknown.  JV.  E.  Brown. 


same  consignment  as  tubers  of  P.  Fordii,  collected 
in  the  Lo  fan  Mountains,  were  included, 

P.  Fordii  is  a  very  different  plant ;  it  was  described 
a  little  while  before  P.  pulchella  in  the  Journal  of 
Botany,  p.  247,  vol.  xxiii.  It  has  green  leaves,  a 
little  larger  than  those  of  P.  pulchella,  and  it  is  not 
nearly  such  a  pretty  plant  as  the  latter.  P.  Fordii 
was  discovered  in  the  Lo  fau  Mountains  in  the 
Canton  province,  and  it  is  not  known  from  elsewhere. 
Charles  Ford,  Botanic  Gardens,  Hong  Kong,  .June  22. 


OLEARIA    TRAVERSII.* 

In  the  enormous  natural  order  Compositie  there  are 
comparatively  few  species  which  can  fairly  be  classed 
as  trees;  in  the  whole  of  Australia  and  Tasmania 
perhaps  the  only  ones  which  attain  the  height  of 
the  species  here  figured  (fig.  42),  are  the  Musk  tree, 
O.  argophylla,  and  Senecio  Fosteri.  The  plant  was 
first  described  by  Mueller  as  Eurybia  Traversii,  but 
the  genus  Eurybia  having  been  merged  into  Olearia 
the  name  Olearia  Traversii  is  now  the  correct  one. 
It  is  stated  to  reach  a  height  of  30  or  35  feet,  and  is 
described  as  a  very  beautiful,  not  viscid,  tree,  with  a 
stem  sometimes  4  inches  in  girth,  but  almost  always 
hollow — a  characteristic  it  possesses  in  common  with 
O.  argophylla.  By  the  colonists  it  is  known  as 
Bastard  Sandal-wood  tree,  and  by  the  natives  as 
AJce-Ake.  The  shortly-stalked,  large,  flat,  opposite 
leaves  are  more  or  less  lanceolate-ovate  in  outline, 
quite  entire,  smooth  and  shining  above,  and  pale 
silky  beneath.  According  to  Bentham  and  Hooker, 
there  are  about  eighty-five  species  of  Olearia,  sixty- 
three  of  which  are  Australian,  and  twenty-two  from 
New  Zealand.  0.  Traversii  is  a  handsome  ever- 
green, with  somewhat  inconspicuous  flowers,  and  is 
no  doubt  hardy  in  many  places  in  the  South  and 
South-west  of  Britain  as  well  as  in  Ireland  from 
whence  we  received  it. 


REMARKS    ON    THE    FRUIT 

CROPS,  1887. 

[For  Tabulated  Sunniiary,  see  p.  158.] 

SCOTLAND. 

Banffshire. — All  stone  fruit,  both  on  walls  and 
standards,  flowered  profusely  and  set  their  fruit 
freely.  Many  of  the  Plums  which  had  heavy  crops 
last  year  dropped  off  after  getting  the  size  of  Plumlets  ; 
especially  is  this  the  case  in  Victorias  and  Shropshire 
Damsons,  and  one  or  two  other  sorts.  Apricots  and 
Peaches  set  in  great  profusion,  and  from  the  last 
three  or  four  weeks  of  exceptional  fine  weather  fruit 
is  forward  for  the  period.  Apples  and  Pears  are 
both  a  light  crop  ;  the  trees  are  a  good  deal  blighted 
upon  the  former,  blossom  seemed  weak  and  set 
imperfectly.  Bush  fruit,  which  is  heavily  cropped, 
is  small,  owing  to  the  drought,  every  month  this 
year  being  under  average  as  regards  rainfall.  John 
Webster.  Gordon  Cattle  Gardens, 

Aberdeenshire. — Fruit  trees  of  all  sorts  had  an 
extra  abundant  blossom,  but  suffered  severely  from 
the  frosty  nights  of  April  and  May.  Victoria  Plums 
are  a  good  crop,  but  all  other  sorts  are  poor. 
Cherries  are  a  large  crop.  Pears  very  thin.  Apples, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  young  trees  on  walls, 
are  also  a  crop.  Small  fruits  are  good  except  black 
Currants,  which  in  some  cases  are  thin  and  fruit 
small.  Early  Strawberries  are  plentiful,  late  sorts 
have  suffered  from  drought,  and  are  to  be  a  poor 
crop.  John  Forrest,  Haddo  House,  Aberdeen. 

Forfar. — The  summer  of  last  year  was  cold  but 
much  drier  than  usual ;  all  wood  was  well  ripened 
and  no  second  growth,  which  has  told  favourably  on 
the  fruit  crop  of  this  season.  We  have  had  more 
sunshine  than  I  ever  remember  to  have  seen  in  one 
season  in  Scotland,  and  crops  are  looking  well  in 
gardens,  except  where  the  soil  is  shallow  or  sandy. 
Jas.  Mitchell,  Fanmure  Gardens,  Carnoustie. 

East  Lothian. — Owing  to  the  dry  season  and  the 

*  Hook,  fil..  in  Handbook  of  the  New  Zealand  Flora,  p. 
731 ;  Eurybia  Traversii,  F.  Mueller,  in  The  Vegetatum  of  the 
Chatham  /stands,  p.  19. 


August  13,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDENERS'     CHBONIGLE. 


187 


scorching  heat  fruit  of  all  sorts  are  under  size  in 
this  neighbourhood.  Strawberries  would  have  been 
an  extraordinary  crop  if  they  had  got  rain ; 
Vicomtesse  H.  de  Thury  and  Duke  of  Edinburgh 
were  our  best  sorts.  Pears  are  looking  better 
than  I  ever  saw  them  about  here.  Apricots  are 
a  very  heavy  crop,  and  clean.  Apples  are  not 
to  be  so  plentiful  as  they  promised,  but  we  will 
have  a  fair  average  crop.  L.  Dom,  Ncwhi/th,  Prcs- 
tonkirk, 

Midlothian. — The   season    has  been  very  much 


fruits  suffered  a  little  from  the  drought,  but  since 
the  rain  came  they  have  done  well,  and  are  now  of  a 
fair  size  and  excellent  quality.  Fruit  trees  have 
been  comparatively  free  from  blight  or  iosects,  and 
the  fruit  is  clean  and  shapely.  There  is  ever}'  pros- 
pect of  one  of  the  best  fruit  harvests  that  we  have 
had  for  many  years.  Malcolm  Dunn,  Dalkeith 
Gardens. 

DtJMFEiESSHiKE. — Very  heavy  crop  of  Strawberries 
and  all  other  small  fruits,  and  very  fine  quality.  No 
Peaches  or  Nectarines,  or  Apricots,  grown  out-of- 


FlG,    42. — OLEARIA   TRAVKRSH  :     HAEDY    laOWERING   SHRUB.       (sEE    P.    186.) 


drier  than  the  average,  the  rainfall  for  the  first  six 
months  of  the  year  being  only  about  3  inches.  Since 
the  1st  of  this  month  (July)  there  have  been  several 
rainy  days,  a.nd  the  fiiU  is  nearly  2  inches,  which, 
with  warm,  genial  weather,  has  been  very  beneficial 
to  the  crops,  and  they  are  now  looking  finer  than 
they  have  done  at  the  same  season  for  many  years. 
The  fruit  escaped  damage  from  spring  frost,  and 
generally  set  heavy  crops.  The  excessive  heat  and 
drought  of  June  thinned  the  fruit  considerably,  but 
most  kinds  are  still  carrying  excellent  crops  of  fine 
fruit,  the  size  and  quality  of  which  is  generally 
much   above  the  average.     Strawberries  and  small 


doors.  Plums  will  be  good  in  quality  as  they  are 
already  large,  and  trees  clean.  Apples  better  than 
usual  here.  Pears  very  poor  quality.  W.  Priest, 
Eglinton  Gardens,  Irnne. 

WiGTONSHiRE. — We  had  a  late  dry  spring,  with 
more  than  the  usual  amount  of  sunshine,  and  almost 
no  late  frosts ;  consequently  fruit  trees  and  bushes 
had  a  good  start,  securing  an  abundant  set  of 
most  sorts  of  fruit.  May  showers  and  an  almost 
tropical  June  justify  the  expectation  of  one  of 
the  most  abundant  fruit  crops  we  have  had  in  this 
district  for  many  years.  A.  Fowler,  Casth  Kennedy 
Crardem. 


ENGLAND.— NORTHERN  COUNTIES. 

Northumberland. — Apricots  are  a  heavy  crop,  and 
fine.  Plums  scarce.  Cherries  as  usual  :  May  Duke 
is  heavily  cropped.  Peaches  are  largely  grown  here 
outside ;  average  crop ;  trees  very  healthy.  The 
strong  growing  varieties  are  of  little  use  here  ;  we 
cannot  get  them  to  set  their  crops.  The  earlier 
varieties,  which  ripen  fruit  before  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember, are  the  most  valuable ;  after  that  date 
Peaches  have  not  much  flavour  here,  although  we 
find  Prince  of  Wales  useful  for  three  weeks  in 
October:  Sea  Eagle  promises  well.  Nectarines  are 
not  much  grown  outside.  Pine-apple  Nectarine  is 
the  best.  Apples,  speaking  generally,  are  a  light 
crop,  but  the  Codlins,  Lord  Suffield  and  some  others, 
are  good.  Of  Pears,  many  trees  on  walls  have  heavy 
crops.  Small  fruits  are  plentiful  and  fine.  Straw- 
berries wliere  watered  were  a  splendid  crop.  J.  Harris^ 
Alnurick  Gardens. 

Never  did  a  season  open  with  better  pros- 
pects for  a  heavy  crop  of  fruit,  the  trees  being  com- 
pletely covered  with  blossom ;  but  the  cold  winds  we 
had  when  they  were  in  flower,  and  the  continued 
dry  weather  of  late,  has  told  heavily  on  them,  and 
great  numbers  of  Apples  and  Pears  have  dropped. 
Peaches  are  fine.  Apricots  are  abundant,  the  trees 
being  literally  covered.  Our  best  Strawberry  this 
year  is  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  being  of  splendid  size  and 
fine  flavour.  Elton  Pine  is  fine  now,  doing  well  on 
our  soil,  which  is  rather  heavy.  D.  Inglii,  Howick 
Hall,  Lcsbury, 

Durham. — Apricots  and  Plums  are  a  small  crop 
outside.  Cherries  are  a  good  average  crop  of  clean 
healthy  fruit,  and  Morellos  doing  well  on  pyramids, 
and  producing  much  finer  fruit  than  those  from  the 
walls.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  were  all  killed  a  few 
years  ago,  and  have  not  been  replaced.  Apples  are 
a  fine  even  crop  over  all  our  orchard,  and  the  well 
known  free  bearers  carrying  heavy  crops.  Pears  are 
good  on  walls,  but  standards  are  thin.  Small 
fruits  are  an  abundant  crop;  Strawberries  plentiful, 
but  small,  owing  to  the  dry  weather.  J.  Hunter, 
Lamhton  Castle,  Fence  Houses. 

^ I    do  not  remember  a   better   general   crop 

than  the  present;  the  blooming  period  was  greatly 
retarded  by  the  long  cold  dark  spring,  which  was 
extended  beyond  the  usual  time  when  the  visita- 
tions of  spring  frosts  usually  take  place.  Aphis 
and  grub  are  making  general  inroads  bolh  on  fruit 
and  vegetables,  and  with  the  former  it  is  remarkable 
the  attack  is  not  more  severe,  considering  the  long 
drought  and  heavy  crops,  which,  I  am  of  opinion, 
will  be  remarkable  rather  for  quantity  than  quality. 
B.  Westcott,  Hohy  Castle,  Darlington. 

Yorkshire. — The  fruit  crop  is  not  so  heavy  in  this 
district  as  it  promised  to  be  at  the  flowering  stage. 
The  following  kinds  of  Apples  and  Pears  are  carrying 
heavy  crops: — Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Devonshire 
Quarrenden,  Duke  of  Devonshire,  King  of  the 
Pippins,  Mannington  Pearmain,  Pine-apple  Russet, 
Ribston  Pippin,  Sturmer  Pippin,  Syke  House 
Russet,  Alfriston,  Blenheim  Pippin,  Cox's  Pomona, 
Dumelow's  Seedling,  Ecklinville  Pippin,  Keswick 
Codlin,  Lord  Suffield,  Northern  Greening,  Stirling 
Castle,  Tower  of  Glammis.  Williams'  Bon  Chretien. 
Souvenir  du  Congres,  Althorp  Crasanne,  Beurr6 
Capiaumont,  Beurr6  Diel,  BeHrr^  d'Amanlis,  Brock- 
worth  Park,  Dr.  Trousseau,  Easter  Beurr^.  Josephine 
de  Malines,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  on  Quince,  Ber- 
gamotte  d'Esperen.  Passe  Colmar,  Seckle,  Woodals 
St,  Germain.   W.  Chuck.  Brodsworth  Hull.  Doncaster. 

At  the  blooming  period  there  was  a  great 

promise  of  a  fine  crop  of  Apples  and  Pears ;  but 
first  from  cold,  and  then  drought,  the  crop  of  both 
will  be  poor  here — especially  Pears  and  hite  Apples. 
Strawberries  have  been  very  fine  here,  and  abun- 
dant, but  are  going  quickly  over,  owing  to  the  dry, 
hot  weather.  Red  and  white  Currants  are  both 
abundant  and  fine  ;  also  Raspberries,  but,  like  the 
Strawberries,  will  be  quickly  over.  Black  Currants 
are  moderately  good.  Gooseberries  are  a  good  crop, 
but  suffering  much  with  drought.  J.  Tindall,  Sprot- 
horough  Hall,  Doncaster. 

LAXCAdHiKE^-'— Apricots,  wheie  they  eucceed,  are  a 


THE     GAB  DENE  BS'     CHBONICLE. 


[AuonsT  13,  1887. 


very  heavy  crop  ;  also  Plums,  including  Damsons, 
and  all  are  swelling  well.  Many  of  the  Morello 
Cherries  are  likely  to  drop,  but  a  good  average  crop 
will  be  left.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  set  so  thickly 
that  as  many  as  a  score  were  counted  on  one  shoot  a 
foot  long.  Some  varieties  of  Apples  and  Pears  that 
seldom  bear  have  a  good  crop  on  this  year  :  for 
instance,  Golden  Noble  has  but  once  had  such  a 
heavy  crop  in  seven  years.  The  same  may  be  said 
of  Marie  Louise  Pear.  In  the  open  small  fruits  have 
s  iU'ered  on  light  soil,  but  are  good  on  heavy  land  ; 
black  Currants  being  very  variable,  just  as  the  trees 
were  exposed  to  the  gale  on  May  10,  and  honeydew 
has  been  troublesome  in  places.  Strawberries  were 
never  better  in  this  garden  than  this  year  on  young 
an:I  old  plants  alike,  but  some  of  the  latter  now 
droop  for  want  of  water.  In  all  gardens  the  crop 
w.as  heavy,  as  many  as  200  fruits  were  counted  on 
one  plant  of  a  local  variety  (Baines'  Prolific),  but 
in  many  instances  the  fruit  was  small,  and  the  plants 
are,  on  light  soil,  fairly  scorched  up,  W.  P.  Roberts, 
Guerdon  Halt,  Preston. 


MIDLAND    COUNTIES. 

Cheshire. — We  should  have  had  a  very  good  crop 
of  Apples,  but  a  number  have  dropped  owing  to  the 
excessive  dryness ;  but  if  we  have  rain  soon  the 
rem.ainder  may  swell  up  very  well.  Hawthornden, 
Stirling  Castle,  Lord  Suffield,  and  Lane's  Prince 
Albert  have  full  crops.  In  Pears  I  have  not  before 
seen  Louise  Bonne  so  full  of  fruit,  if.  MacKellar, 
Ahwy  Hall,  Cheadle, 

Fruit  trees  of  all  kinds  bloomed  very  pro- 

fusily  this  season,  and  as  there  were  no  late  frosts, 
there  was  a  favourable  prospect  of  a  heavy  fruit  crop, 
but  a  long  continuance  of  cold  winds  and  dry  weather 
had  an  unfavourable  effect  on  the  flowers  and  young 
fruit,  the  result  being  a  much  diminished  crop, 
although  still  a  good  average  generally.  Strawberries 
were  a  very  heavy  crop,  the  fruit  large  and  well 
flavoured.  Gooseberries,  red  and  black  Currants,  an 
average  crop;  Raspberries,  in  some  places  injured 
by  cold  winds,  but  otherwise  bearing  well.  Other 
fi'.ilts  a  good  average,  some  having  heavy  crops,  and 
some  little  or  none.    W.  Whitakcr,  Crewe  Hall,  Crewe. 

D.iRBTSHiRE. — Fruit  crops,  speaking  generally,  are 
fairl /  good.  Strawberries  and  Raspberries  suffering 
m  ic!i  for  want  of  rain.  Plums  on  walls  are  light, 
but  Damsons  plentiful.  Pears,  a  fair  crop  on  walla, 
but  pyramids  very  thin.  Crops  generally  suffering 
for  want  of  rain.   T.  Keetley.  Darley  Ahhey. 

Notts. — The  fruit  crop,  though  late,  here  and 
throughout  this  district,  is  above  the  average.  Plums, 
will  h  were  last  year  one  of  the  heaviest  crops 
of  recent  years,  are  again  this  season  abundant, 
ths  Victoria  and  Damson  being  particularly  so. 
Cherries,  both  Morellos  and  sweet,  are  good,  so  are 
Apricots,  Pears  and  Peaches.  Apples  are  more 
variable  ;  many  of  the  varieties  that  bore  last  year  the 
heaviest  crops  are  again  this  season  the  best.  Bush 
fruit  generally,  with  the  exception  of  black  Currants, 
a-e  ])lentiful,  but  small  through  want  of  rain.  Straw- 
berries on  young  plantations  have  rarely  been  so 
plentiful  or  fine,  the  plants  not  suffering  in  the  least 
from  the  long  period  of  drought,  while  many  of  the 
old  plantations  are  killed  outright.  Early  Potatos 
are  a  poor  crop.  Late  varieties  are  promising  well, 
and  should  the  much  needed  rain  soon  come,  no 
doubt  the  yield  will  be  a  good  one.  M.  Mason,  Clumber 
Manor. 

Shropshire.— The  fruit  crop  in  this  district  will 
be  over  the  average  ;  Peaches,  Nectarines,  and  Apri- 
cots are  all  carrying  heavy  crops,  and  the  trees  are 
looking  remarkably  well.  Apples:  Ribston  Pippin, 
Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Lord  Sullield,  Warner's  King, 
Cellini,  Dumelow's  Seedling,  Alfriston,  and  Adam's 
Pearmain,  are  all  carrying  heavy  crops.  Pears  : 
Loviise  Bonne,  Ilacon's  Incomparable,  Easter  and 
Brown  Beurres,  Winter  Nelis,  Brockworth  Park, 
Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  and  Forelle,  are  carrying 
very  good  crops.  All  small  fruits  suffering  from 
wautof  rain.  R.  Milner,  Siindorn  Castle. 

STAFFonnsaiEE.— We  had  a  splendid  bloom  in 
the  .=;pring,  very  late,  and  the  promise  of  a  good  fruit 


year.  The  protracted  cold  with  sharp  frost  and  hail- 
storms proved  too  much  for  the  Pears  and  Plums, 
only  a  few  escaping;  they  are  a  very  thin  crop. 
Peaches  ere  good,  Cherries  good,  Apricots  poor. 
Apples  promise  well,  and  a  good  crop  ;  Strawberries 
are  very  good  where  mulched  and  kept  watered ; 
Raspberries  look  very  promising.  Gooseberries  and 
Currants  a  good  crop,  but  small.  G.  Wythe,  Teddes- 
ley  Pari. 

The  Apple  crop  in  this  district  is  about  an 

average  one.  Keswick  Codlin,  Lord  Suffield,  Small's 
Admirable,  and  Stirling  Castle  are  a  very  full  crop. 
Pears  are  only  a  medium  crop,  but  if  we  get  rain 
soon  they  should  be  good  in  size  and  quality.  Goose- 
berries, Raspberries,  and  all  kinds  of  Currants  are  a 
heavy  crop,  but  the  fruit  is  small.  Strawberries  have 
been  good,  but  had  to  be  well  watered,  or  they  would 
not  have  ripened  half  their  fruit.  J.  Wallis,  Keek 
Hall. 

Leicestershire.  —  Moorpark  and  Hemskirk 
Apricots  set  well,  and  the  trees  are  looking  very 
healthy,  as  are  Peaches  and  Nectarines.  Plums  have 
been  very  much  infested  with  aphis  ;  Victorias  and 
Pond's  Seedling  carry  very  fiiir  crops.  The  kinds  of 
Pears  bearing  the  best  crops  here  are  Louise  Bonne 
of  .Jersey,  Beurr(5  Diel,  Citron  des  Carmes,  Marie 
Louise,  Thompson's  British  Queen.  Some  trees  are 
very  much  infested  with  the  Pear  sawfly.  Straw- 
berries flowered  well,  but  the  dry  weather  shortened 
the  crop.  Apples,  with  some  exceptions,  are  thin, 
and  the  trees  very  much  infested  with  red-spider. 
All  kinds  flowered  well.  G.  Maynard,  Cole  Orton 
Hall. 

Prolonged   drought   must  be   credited   with 

any  deficiencies  recorded  in  the  return.  There 
was  a  very  great  promise  of  heavy  fruit  crops  in 
the  early  summer,  but  the  dry  state  of  the  subsoil 
and  absence  of  rain,  conjoined  with  abnormally  high 
temperature,  caused  a  reduction  even  on  orchard 
fruit,  while  trees  in  highly  drained  kitchen  gardens 
lost  more  than  half  the  fruit  that  seemed  fairly  set. 
The  smaller  fruits.  Raspberries,  Strawberries,  though 
producing  freely,  could  not  mature  the  heavy  crop, 
much  of  it  remained  undeveloped.  I  never  before 
witnessed  so  great  an  invasion  of  the  caterpillar  of 
the  Gooseberry  moth,  Phatena  vanaria.  Every  bush 
was  simultaneously  attacked.  W.  Ingram,  Behoir 
Castle. 

Warwickshire. — The  fruit  crops,  notwithstanding 
the  severe  drought  which  has  prevailed  since  June  3 
in  this  district,  are  upon  the  whole  very  promising. 
Nothing  could  be  more  satisfactory  than  the  fruit 
bloom  of  this  spring.  A  good  deal  of  Apple  blossom 
fell  without  setting,  which  will  leave  the  crop 
thinner  than  might  have  been  expected  from  such  a 
blossom  ;  still  there  will  be  an  average  crop,  and  the 
fruit  much  finer  in  consequence.  The  same  remarks 
are  applicable  to  Pears  on  walls  ;  where  they  have 
been  hand-picked  and  thinned  the  fruit  promises  to 
be  very  fine.  Were  we  to  take  a  leaf  out  of  the 
Frenchman's  book,  and  go  over  our  orchards  during 
setting  time,  thin  out  the  blossoms  and  divest  them 
of  caterpillars,  which  generally  do  much  damage 
about  setting  time,  the  fruit  in  this  country 
would  not  be  so  inferior  as  it  generally  is.  The 
Americans,  we  are  told,  by  bestirring  them- 
selves, find  time  to  do  many  things  successfully 
which  wc  neglect,  and  so  cut  us  out  of  the  market, 
and  then  we  cry  loudly  for  protection,  so  that  we  may 
have  profitable  returns  without  having  very  much 
to  bestir  ourselves.   W.  Miller,  Coombs  Abbey. 

Beds.— No  spring  ever  gave  a  greater  promise  of 
abundant  fruit.  Apple  trees  were  a  mass  of  blos- 
soms ;  Pears  and  Plums  sufficient  for  an  average. 
Strawberries  never  looked  better,  all  varieties  of 
bush  fruit  everything  that  could  be  desired,  and  foli- 
age healthy  throughout.  The  unusually  dry  season 
has  changed  all  this ;  insects  have  ravaged  the 
foliage ;  fruit,  even  where  abundant,  promises  to 
finish  badly.  Strawbe  rii  s  here,  being  well  attended 
to,  were  fine,  but  on  light  soils  a  total  failure. 
Plums  and  Cherries  much  infested  with  aphides. 
Apples  are  falling  in  unusual  quantities.  Pears  at  a 
standstill.    Birds,  being  short  of  food,  very  trouble- 


some. Altogether,  one  of  the  most  disappointing 
seasons,  after  such  an  alluring  commencement.  A. 
McKay,  Woburn  Abbey. 

Bucks. — The  continued  dry  weather  has  affected 
the  fruit  crops  generally.  Apples  bloomed  pro- 
fusely, but  set  very  thinly,  and,  no  doubt,  suffered 
from  the  cold  winds  experienced  at  the  time.  I  note 
some  exceptions  in  the  neighbourhood,  especially  in 
sheltered  positions,  where  Blenheim  Orange,  King  of 
the  Pippins,  Wellington  and  Ribston  Pippins  are 
carrying  good  crops,  but  wanting  rain.  The  Straw- 
berry season  has  been  short,  and  the  fruit  small. 
Bush  fruits  plentiful.  C.  Herrin,  Dropnwre. 

Hertfordshire. — Apricots  are  being  less  grown 
every  year,  through  the  early  decay  of  the  trees. 
Plums :  Victoria  is  the  only  variety  bearing  a  good 
crop.  Cherries  are  very  clean  and  sound,  but  not 
quite  so  large  as  usual.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  set 
very  freely.  Apples  are  very  clean  ;  they  are  falling 
very  much  through  the  drought.  Pears  are  very  clean. 
Strawberries  were  very  small,  and  season  very  short. 
The  crop  of  Walnuts  is  unusually  heavy.  G.  Nor- 
man, Hatfield  House. 

The  fruit  crops  here  and  surrounding  district 

promised  at  one  time  to  be  the  best  we  had  seen  for 
some  years,  the  magnificent  bloom  with  a  fair  setting 
of  the  fruit  through  the  lateness  of  the  season  was  all 
that  could  be  desired,  but  the  last  eight  weeks' 
drought  with  the  excessive  heat  and  prevailing  north 
and  east  winds  have  been  most  disastrous  to  most  of 
the  crops  :  Apricots,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines  are  the 
only  exceptions.  Apples  that  escaped  the  ravages  of 
caterpillar  are  now  fast  fiilling  from  the  unusually 
dry  weather.  Plums  are  also  falling  from  the  same 
cause.  Strawberries  a  great  portion  quite  baked 
upon  the  plants,  hence  a  very  short  season.  Currants 
a  very  scarce  crop,  in  many  places  so  dried  up  that  they 
are  quite  useless.  Cherries  small,  much  infested  with 
aphis.  Unless  we  get  a  copious  rainfall  shortly  our 
autumn  prospects,  both  for  fruit  and  vegetables,  will 
be  very  disheartening.  R.  Euffett,  Panshanger  Park. 


EASTERN   COUNTIES. 

Norfolk. — Fruit  trees  of  all  kinds  were  well  set 
with  fruit,  but  the  continued  north-east  winds 
accompanied  with  excessive  drought,  caused  much  of 
it  to  drop,  especially  Apricots,  Cherries,  and  Apples. 
Plums  are  about  the  best  crop;  Strawberries  have 
been  plentiful  and  fine  where  well  watered.  Currants 
and  Raspberries  are  plentiful  but  small ;  Gooseberries 
thin  ;  Walnuts  were  a  heavy  crop,  but  have  fallen  so 
as  to  reduce  them  to  an  average.  H.  Batchelor, 
Cation  Park. 

A  remarkable    show  on   April    1    for    all 

kinds  of  fruit,  in  fact  I  never  saw  Peaches,  Pluma, 
Cherries,  and  Apples  open  their  blooms  with  greater 
promise  ;  but  we  got  east  winds  with  a  blue  fog  for 
a  fortnight  or  three  weeks  without  sun  or  rain,  which 
caused  great  destruction.   C.  Penny,  Sandringham. 

Suffolk. — Extraordinary  fine  blossom,  the  set 
being,  on  the  whole,  irregular,  and  altogether  inferior 
to  the  profuse  promise.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  are 
almost  the  only  fruits  that  have  come  up  to  expecta- 
tions. Apricots  are  also  plentiful,  but  more  irregular. 
Cherries  set  well,  but  are  falling  prematurely  from 
drought.  Plums  are  the  most  irregular  crop  of  the 
season.  Gages  scarce,  other  sorts  erratic  :  standards 
mostly  thin — even  Damsons  are  so :  pyramids  have 
better  crops,  as  have  most  sorts  on  walls.  Cordon 
Plums,  including  a  great  many  varieties,  all  fruitful. 
Apples  and  Pears  irregular,  few  varieties  bearing  a 
full  croi>,  and  maggots  and  fruit-dropping  very  pre- 
valent. Among  bush  fruit  Raspberries  and  Straw- 
berries are  the  great  crops  here — have  never  seen 
the  latter  equalled.  Currants,  including  the  black, 
about  an  average.  Strawberries  have  suffered  much 
from  the  drought ;  some  allowed  to  run  in  a  semi- 
wild  state  have  fruited  best,  the  crowd  of  runners 
helping  to  shut  in  the  moisture.  D.  T.  Fish,  Hard- 
wick. 

All  kinds  of  fruit  suffering  much  from  the 

long  drought,  and  cold,  dry  nights.  Strawberries 
were  an  abundant  crop,  but  not  half  of  them,  owing 
to  the  dry  weather,  came  to  maturity  ;  the  same  is 


Adgust  13,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


189 


the  case  witli  Raspberries,  lied  aud  black  Currants 
are  fairly  good,  and  of  fine  quality.  A]>ples  and 
Pears  are  fairly  good,  but  must  be  small.  Plums  are 
a  poor  crop,  and  the  trees  much  blighted.  B.  Squibb, 
Ickwortk  Park. 

Essex. — Apples  a  good  crop  generally,  and  such 
varieties  as  Hawthornden,  Bedfordshire  Foundling, 
and  King  of  Pippins,  have  to  be  propped  up  from 
excess  of  fruit.  Of  Pears,  some  sorts  are  heavily 
laden,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien  being  a  very  heavy 
crop.  Plums  are  good  all  round.  Green  Gages 
require  to  be  propped  up.  Cherries,  all  sorts,  very 
sbundant,  and  of  good  quality.  W.  Earlcy,  Double 
House^  Aldborough  Hatch. 

Ai)ricots  set  well  on  a  wall  facing  south,  on 

a  west  wall  they  cauglit  tlie  frost.  Plums  have  done 
better  on  standards  than  on  walls,  but  aphis  has 
spread  over  the  leaves  since  hot  weather  set  in. 
Cherries  are  good  on  walls ;  they  were  a  good  crop 
on  large  trees  out-of-doors.  Apple  trees  were  in 
glorious  blossom,  and  a  few  have  set  well,  but  many 
varieties  suffered  from  a  storm  from  the  east  with 
sleet.  Pears  promise  well,  but  are  irregularly  set, 
like  the  Apples.  Strawberries  suffered  much  from 
the  hot  weather  ;  the  fruit  was  of  poor  flavour.  Nut 
trees  are  strong  and  healthy.  J.  Douglas,  I/ford. 


SOUTHERN  COUNTIES. 
Middlesex. — My  return  applies  solely  to  market 
finits,  grown  extensively  in  this  district.  Apples 
constitute  a  very  fair  crop,  especially  in  Manx 
Codlin,  Julien,  Sutfield,but  are  thinner  on  late  sorts. 
Sample  at  present  looks  well,  and  with  good  rain 
would  be  a  fine  one  later  on.  Pears  are  moderate  ; 
sample  very  good  ;  a  general  sprinkling,  and  thought 
to  be  quite  enough.  Cherries  a  fine  crop,  and  of 
excellent  quality ;  one  of  the  best  crops  for  several 
years;  May  Dukes,  Eluons,  and  Bigarreaus  largely 
grown  in  this  district :  so  also  are  Morellos.  Plums 
on  Victorias,  Gisbornes,  and  Prince  of  Wales  are 
plentiful — in  many  cases  quite  a  heavy  crop.  Green 
Gages  are  thin.  Damsons  plentiful.  Black  Currants 
a  very  thin  crop;  reds  plentiful.  Gooseberries  a 
fair  crop  only,  and  selling  badly.  Strawberries  soon 
over,  owing  to  the  drought;  really  not  more  than  half 
a  good  crop  on  the  whole.  Raspberries  plentiful,  as 
usual.  Walnuts  set  well,  but  are  thinning  because 
of  the  drought.  A.  Dean,  Bedfont. 

Surrey. — The  Apples  and  Pears  are  not  nearly  so 
■good  as  they  promised  to  be  at  the  end  of  May  and 
•early  in  June.  Owing  to  the  long  drought  (of  seven 
weeks)  combined  with  easterly  winds,  a  large  per- 
■centage  of  fruit  dropped  off  ;  the  foliage  on  orchard 
trees  is  much  curled  and  covered  with  aphis  and 
American  blight.  Apricots,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines 
are  heavy  crops ;  these  are  more  free  from  blister  than 
■for  years  past.  Small  fruits  are  very  good  but  under 
average  size.  Strawberries  have  been  abundant  and 
fine  through  waterings  and  heavy  mulching.  A. 
Sva?u>,  Lifthc  Hill,  Haslcnure. 

Kent.  —  Generally  speaking  the  fruit  crops  of 
•every  kind  are  not  first-rate,  many  are  under  average, 
especially  the  Apple  crop ;  the  quality  will  be,  pro- 
bably, fair.  Cherries,  in  some  orchards,  are  a  good 
average  crop,  in  others  almost  nothing.  Plums 
not  so  plentiful  as  tliey  were  last  year,  but  are  filling 
out  in  a  promising  manner.  Of  bush  fruits  Goose- 
berries are  a  faii'ly  good  crop  ;  the  same  may  be  said 
of  Currants,  red  and  white,  but  black  Currants  are 
■not  so  plentiful.  These  last  suffered  from  high 
winds  when  the  fruit  was  in  a  green  state.  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  Apricots,  and  outdoor  Figs  show  a  good 
lot  of  finiit.  Early  Strawberries  matured  but  a  small 
crop,  on  account  of  dry  weather.  G.  A.  Don,  Bcdgc- 
bury  Park. 

We  have  had  remarkably  dry  weather  now 

going  on  for  the  fifth  season,  and  this  last  twelve- 
months in  particular,  and   the  abundant  supply  of 
iw  everj'thing,  under  the  circumstances,  is  marvellous  ; 

last  summer  things  could  not  grow  for  the  drought. 
Plants  made  no  move  until  late  in  the  spring,  when 
hot  weather  set  in,  and  here  we  are  in  a  drier  state, 
if  possible,  than  we  were  last  year.  Medium-growing 
things  are  receiving  two  long  standstill  seasons  in  the 


year,  aud  it  is  feared  many  will  have  a  ^ard  fight  to 
struggle  through  the  season.  H.  Cannes,  Swanleg. 

Apples  are  much  under  average,  except  the 

following  sorts,  which  are  a  fair  crop:— Lord  Suf- 
field,  Manx  Codlin,  Lucomb's  Seedliig,  Norfolk 
Beaufin.  It  is  mostly  gravel  and  chalk  in  this  dis- 
trict. F.  Dcuxherry,  Cobhant  Hall. 

Wall   fruits   have   suffered  much   from   the 

ungenial  weather  experienced  in  the  spring.  Plums 
are  in  many  places  almost  a  total  failure.  Apples 
are  very  short;  in  many  places  the  trees  have 
suffered  considerably,  much  of  the  young  growth  of 
last  year  is  killed.  Small  bush  fruits  are  short  and 
very  poor  in  quality,  very  small.  Strawberries  pro- 
mised well,  but  the  long-continued  drought  with 
easterly  winds  prevented  their  growing  out.  Rasp- 
berries are  promising,  though  very  backward  ;  some 
good  rains  would  much  benefit  them.  J.  Charlton, 
Tunbridge  WelU 

Sussex. — Fruit  crops  in  general  here  look  very  pro- 
mising, but  are  much  in  want  of  rain ;  should  it 
come  shortly  there  will  be  good  crops,  of  Apples, 
Figs,  Pears,  Apricots,  Peaches  and  Nectarines. 
Gooseberries  and  all  kinds  of  Currants,  Plums  and 
Cherries  much  blighted.  Walnuts,  Filberts  and 
Cobs  looking  healthy  and  abundant.  F.  Rutland, 
Goodwood  Park. 

Considering  the  unpropitious  year  we  have 

had  so  far,  the  fruit  crop  on  the  whole  is  fairly  satis- 
factory about  this  district.  We  have  had  no  rain  here 
since  June  3 ;  add  to  this  the  prevalence  of  nortli  and 
north-east  winds,  and  oui*  unfortunate  position  may 
be  imagined.  The  year,  so  far,  has  been  the  most 
unfavourable  for  gardening  I  can  remember.  Wall 
trees  have  kept  us  busy  to  keep  the  fly  under-hand. 
Apples  are  not  nearly  so  plentiful  as  last  year  ;  the 
trees  have  a  starved  look  that  does  not  betoken  good 
quality  in  the  fruits.  Strawberries  with  us  were 
good.  I  attribute  this  to  thorough  good  trenching  : 
three  and  four  year  old  beds  received  a  heavy 
mulching  afterwards.  Pears  are  scarce,  but  good, 
what  there  are  of  them.  Plums  have  much  greenfly 
on  the  foliage.  Cranberries,  which  do  well  here,  are, 
as  usual,  excellent.  Raspberries  and  Currants  are 
very  promising.  We  have  to  water  all  round  to  keep 
things  from  drying  off.  I  should  add.  Peaches  out- 
side are  most  productive  this  season.  My  friend, 
Mr.  Allen,  of  Normanhurst,  has  a  grand  show,  with 
plenty  of  health  and  vigour,  although  early  in  the 
season  we  suffered  much  from  blister.  H.  B.  Hobncs, 
Ashburnham  Place. 

Hants. — Plum  trees  bloomed  profuselv,  and  the 
fruit  set  well,  but  long-continued  cold  winds  made 
the  fruit  drop.  Apples  : — Long  continued  east  winds 
prevailed  when  and  after  the  trees  were  in  bloom, 
with  which  they  were  smothered,  thus  causing  the 
fruit  to  drop  instead  of  to  swell.  Pears: — Trees  on 
east  walls  were  affected  more  by  the  cold  winds, 
owing  to  their  being  earlier  in  bloom  than  pyramids, 
consequently  there  is  less  fruit.  Peaches  and  Nec- 
tarines ai'e  very  promising,  the  trees  being  very 
clean  and  healthy.  Strawberries  are  largely  grown 
in  this  district,  as  many  as  30  tons  being  sent  from 
one  station  in  a  day.  Season  will  be  short,  owing  to 
drought.  E.  Molyneitx,  Swanmore. 

This    district    is    suffering    seriously   from 

drought ;  only  0*17  inch  of  rain  has  fallen  since 
June  2.  All  kinds  of  fruit  crops  are  good,  but  Apples 
and  Pears  will  be  very  small  if  the  rain  keeps  off 
much  longer.  In  our  case  we  have  a  good  supply 
of  water,  and  have  used  it  freely  for  Peaches,  Nec- 
tarines, Apricots,  and  Pluras  on  walls.  Straw- 
berries were  good,  but  the  excessive  heat  and  drought 
must  have  the  creclit  for  this  being  the  shortest 
Strawberry  season  I  have  ever  known,  W.  WikUmith, 
Heckficld. 

Wilts. — The  present  has  been  a  very  trying  year 
for  fruit-growers.  The  long  spell  of  wintry  weather 
which  extended  '"over  the  spring  months  almost 
succeeded  by  several  weeks  of  drought  and  tro]>ical 
sunshine,  reduced  several  crops  which  a  few  weeks 
ago  gave  promise  of  being  very  heavy,  to  an 
average,  and  in  some  cases  to  second  average  crops. 
This  has  been  notably  the  case  with  Cherries  ;  and 


Apples,  though  the  latter  are  still  plentiful  on  the 
trees,  have  been  thinned  considerably  in  some  places, 
the  ground  underneath  the  trees  being  covered  with 
fallen  fruit.  Strawberries,  as  might  be  expected  in  a 
season  like  this,  though  plentiful  enough,  have  been 
rather  small  iu  light  soil,  even  with  the  ground 
mulched  with  rotten  dung,  the  advantage  of  which  is 
fully  demonstrated  this  year,  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle. 

Dorset. — I  find  the  small  fruits  have  suff"ered 
much  for  the  want  of  rain.  Apples,  Plums,  and 
other  stone  fruits  are  suffering  from  the  same  cause. 
I  fear  we  shall  be  deficient  in  many  of  the  crops. 
J.  Beck,  Crichcl  Gardens,  Wimhorn. 

Berks. — Fruit  crops  are  very  good  indeed  on  the 
whole,  tht'  only  deficiency  being  in  Pears,  Apples 
and  Plums  especially  being  good,  and  trees  generally 
are  clean  and  liealthy.  Strawberries  have  been 
exceptionally  good  iu  ([uality,  but  owing  to  the  long- 
continued  drought  the  season  will  be  shorter  than 
is  usual  with  us.  Vicomtesse  Hericart  de  Thury 
has  been  especially  liked  for  its  fine  colour  and 
flavour.  Raspberries  are  also  very  good  indeed,  both 
in  size  and  flavour.  W.  Pope,  Highclcrc  Castle,  New- 
bury. 

Fruit  crops  in  this  district,  taking  them  on 

the  whole,  are  ^good  ;  still  they  are  not  what  they 
would  have  been,  for  the  want  of  rain,  of  which  we 
have  only  had  0'2I  inch  from  June  4  up  to  July  23, 
and,  I  may  add,  not  the  least  sign  of  rain  yet.  Along 
with  that  we  have  had  a  high  temperature  of  112'^ 
in  the  sun  and  89°  in  the  shade.  Out  of  twenty- 
three  days  in  July  we  have  had  ten  days  with  a  tem- 
perature varying  from  102°  up  to  112°,  and  falling 
as  low  as  38°  at  night,  so  that  I  may  say  we  are  very 
much  in  want  of  rain  for  fruit  and  vegetables. 
Everything  is  getting  parched  up,  and  it  is  hard  to 
cope  with  such  continued  drought  in  keeping  up  a 
supply  for  the  table.  F.  Jones,  Royal  Gardens,  Frog- 
more,  Windsor. 

I  made  my  last  inspection  the  26th  ult.,  and 

the  tabulated  remarks  are  for  this  neighbourhood 
coiTect  up  to  date.  Ten  years  ago  I  planted  a  lot 
of  the  Wellington  Apple ;  they  promised  famously, 
were  full  of  blossom  this  spring,  but  the  hurricane 
came  and  blackened  the  pistils;  result,  no  fi-uit. 
My  old  and  earlier  blossoming  orchard  trees  were 
before  the  storm,  and  are  bearing  well.  I  have  also 
plenty  of  Walnuts  where  the  Avind  did  not  catch  them 
R.  Fcnn,  Sulhanipsicad. 


WESTERN   COUNTIES. 

Herefordshirp;. — Although  unusually  late,  fruit 
crops  of  all  kinds,  with  the  exception  of  Plums, 
promised  well  in  the  spring,  the  Apple  blossom  being 
the  fullest  and  finest  I  have  noticed  for  many  years. 
A  long  period  of  drought,  accompanied  by  drying 
north  winds,  set  in,  blight  and  grub  put  in  an  appear- 
ance, with  the  natural  result  that  crops  are  neither 
so  even  nor  so  good  as  we  expected.  Strawben-ies, 
with  us  are  plentiful ;  La  Grosse  Sucree,  Pi-esident. 
Paxton,  Elton,  and  Oxonian  on  open  or  north  borders 
are  bearing  fine  crops,  but  then  they  have  been 
heavily  mulched  and  flooded  with  water.  Fruit  trees 
of  all  kinds  are  seriously  aff*ected  by  the  drought, 
which  set  in  on  June  3.  The  clouds  for  the  last  week 
have  been  trifling  with  us,  but  the  slight  showers 
which  have  fallen  are  practically  useless.  W.  Cole- 
vvan,  Eastnor  Castle  Gardens. 

Worcestershire. — The  fruit  crops  in  this  district 
are,  on  the  whole,  very  good.  Apples  are  heavily 
cropped  and  clean.  Pears  are  a  good  average  crop 
both  on  walls  aud  pyramid  trees.  Apricots  very 
thin.  Cherries,  both  sweet  and  Morellos,  are  a 
heavy  crop.  Plums  set  so  thickly  that  they  re- 
quire thinning.  Figs  are  also  a  good  crop.  Peaches 
and  Nectarines  average  crops,  and  the  trees  have 
been  very  free  from  blister.  Strawberries,  enormous 
crops,  especially  Sir  J.  Paxton  and  Oxonian,  being 
splendid  for  size  of  berry,  colour,  and  flavour.  Rasp- 
berries are  carrying  excellent  crops  of  fine  fruit.  Red 
and  white  Currants  very  abundant,  clean,  and  bright 
in  berry  ;  black  Currants  thin,  but  very  fine.  Goose- 
berries are  excellent  crops ;  and  the  growth  all  kinds 


190 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AcGusr  13.  1887. 


of  fruit  trees  have  made  this  season  is  extraordinary, 
taking  into  consideration  the  long  period  of  drought 
we  have   passed  through.  E.   JVard,  Hewdl  Graiiqc, 


Taking  the  district  throughout,  the  crop  of 

Plums  is  very  variable,  but  in  some  few  cases  heavy ; 
much,  however,  lias  lately  fallen  off".  Apples  and 
Pears  are  quite  full  crops,  and  the  trees  look  clean 
and  healthy.  On  the  walls  in  the  garden  the  fi'uit 
generally  is  clean  and  good,  but  will  naturally  bo 
rather  small ;  Peaches  and  Nectarines  better  than 
for  many  years  past,  and  the  trees  clean  and  healthy. 
W.  Child,  Croom  Court,  Seufni  Sto/ce. 

Apples  and  Pears  are,  upon  the  whole,  under 

the  average,  early  sorts  very  small ;  the  fruit  and 
foliage  generally  are  clean  and  healthy.  Apricots 
are  fairly  good  crops,  and  the  trees  flourishing,  so 
also  are  Plums,  Damsons,  and  Cherries.  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  have  good  crops,  and  are  making  a  clean 
and  healthy  growth.  Strawberries  gave  gi*eat  pro- 
mise ;  there  was  an  abundant  bloom,  which  set  well ; 
owing  to  the  absence  of  rain  the  crop  failed  to  swell 
satisfactorily,  and  only  in  instances  where  an  abun- 
dance of  water  could  be  given  has  there  been  any- 
thing like  good  results.  Gooseberries  and  Rasp- 
berries plentiful,  but  small  in  size — Currants  tliiu 
and  undersized,  especially  black  ones.  John  Ausfcii, 
Witlcy  Court  Gaideus. 

Gloucestershire. — Fruit  trees  bloomed  unusually 
late  this  year,  and  escaped  the  late  spring  frosts,  and 
nearly  every  blossom  set.  The  dry  weather  during 
June  and  July  caused  a  quantity  to  fall,  which  left 
an  average  crop,  and  there  is  every  appearance  of  its 
ripening  out  well.  Strawberries,  which  were  very 
promising,  were  ruined  by  the  absence  of  rain.  Bash 
fruit  very  heavy,  but  not  so  fine,  through  the  drought. 
A.  Chapman,  Wesiuu  Birt  Gardens, 

Monmouthshire. — Owing  to  the  dryness  of  the 
season  all  kinds  of  fruit,  except  where  water  has 
been  freely  administered,  are  less  than  usual.  Pear 
trees  are  clean  and  healthy,  but  greatly  need  moisture 
to  cause  them  to  swell.  Apricots  and  Plums  that 
are  mulched  and  well  watered  are  swelling  their  fruit 
freely.  Of  Pears  upon  walls  Easter  Beurre,  Beurre 
Diel,  B.  de  Capiaumont,  B.  d'Anjou,  B.  de  Ranee. 
Bon  Chretien,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  Marie  Xouise 
d'Uccle,  Comte  de  Lamy,  Jargonelle,  and  Josephine 
de  Malines  caiTy  the  heaviest  crops  ;  while  the  best 
cropped  Plums  are  Golden  Drop,  Ivirke's,  and  Vic- 
toria, and  Apricots  d'Alsace,  Peach,  and  Shipley's. 
Quinces  and  nuts  are  well  cropped.  T.  Coomher, 
HcTidre  Gardens. 

Somersetshire. — Severe  frosts  in  March  destroyed 
the  gi-eater  portion  of  the  Apricot  bloom,  no  kind  of 
protection  being  sufficient  to  ward  it  off.  Pear  buds 
•were  also  much  injured  by  frosts.  Bullfinches  were 
the  principal  cause  of  the  Plum  failure.  Apples  verv 
plentiful,  but  on  poor  land  they  are  dropping  off 
wholesale.  Strawberries  were  unusually  plentiful, 
but  the  drought  crippled  them.  Tops  of  Walnut 
trees  killed  by  the  March  frosts.  Filberts  extra 
thick  where  protected  or  sheltered.  \}V.  Iggulden, 
Marston  Court  Gardens. 

Devonshire. — Our  fruit  crops  early  in  the  season 
were  never  more  promising,  and  perhaps  never 
attended  by  more  disastrous  results,  owing  to  the 
long-continued  drought,  crops  of  all  kinds  only  being 
saved  by  continued  watering  and  mulching.  Numbers 
of  bushes  and  trees  have  been  killed.  The  Straw- 
berry crop  especially  suffered  much — not  half  a  crop, 
and  very  small.  Peaches  and  Nectarines  in  many 
gardens  are  leafless,  owing  to  scarcity  of  water  and 
severe  attacks  of  red-spider.  Apricots  only  have 
been  saved  by  attention  to  watering.  Early  Cherries 
in  market  gardens  were  a  fair  crop.  Morellos  failed 
at  the  stoning  period,  and  are  considerably  under  the 
average.  Plums  were  thinned  to  a  great  extent 
during  the  drought.  Pears  are  almost  a  failure. 
Apples,  though  the  bloom  escaped  the  spring  frosts, 
were  subject  to  a  violent  gale,  which  did  sad  havoc 
to  the  crop.  S.  C.  Powell,  I'owderham. 

Apricots,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines  are  by  far 

the  best  crops,  all  of  which  may  be  called  a  full 
crop,  and  of  excellent  quality.   Strawberries  ai"e  quite 


a  failure,  lat|'  sorts,  such  as  Elton  Pine  and  J.  Veiteh, 
having  no  fi'  lit  at  all,  although  the  plants  bloomed 
well.   W.A.  Phillips,  Bicton  Gardens. 

The  extreme  drought  of  this  year  has  told 

unfavourably  upon  eveiy  crop  in  the  gardens.  The 
jiromise  of  the  springtime  was  very  good,  fruit  trees 


LION.     (SEE  I'.  191.) 


pole,    (see  p.  liil.) 


flowering  very  freely  and  liealthily.  The  result  at 
the  present  time  is  varying.  Wall  fruits  very  fair 
crops,  but  the  growth  of  the  trees  is  weakly,  and  the 
fruit  will  be  undersized.  Apples  set  very  well ;  the 
trees  now  have  an  unhealthy  look — the  fruit  very 
small,  and  a  great  deal  of  it  falling  from  the  trees  ; 
should,  however,  a  rainy  period  come  to  u>^,  I  antici- 


pate, as  there  is  so  much  heat  in  the  ground,  it  may 
yet  develope  into  full  average  size.  Small  fruits, 
such  as  Gooseberries  and  Currants,  are  very  good 
indeed.  Raspberi'ies  fair.  Strawberries  were  very 
good,  but  had  a  short  season.  The  best  kinds  of 
Pears  are  very  thin  on  the  trees.  J.  Enstone,  Wear, 
Exeter. 

Cornwall. — In  all  my  twenty  years"  experience 
the  spring  of  1887  must  be  remembered  as  the  coldest. 
On  March  14  we  bad  14°  of  frost,  and  very  cold 
nights  continued  through  April  and  May.  The  re- 
port of  the  fruit  crops  will  clearly  show  that  a  pro- 
longed winter  augurs  well.  Apples  are  exceptionally 
plentiful,  even  shy  bearers  such  as  Cornish  Gilli- 
flower.  Cox's  Orange  Pippin,  Ribston  Pippin,  and 
old  Golden  Pippin,  are  all  good  this  season ;  the  same 
with  Pears — Marie  Louise,  which  on  an  average  give 
a  good  crop  once  in  ten  years,  are  thick  and  fine  this 
season.  C.  Lee,  Boconiwc,  Lostwithiel. 

Apples  are  a  most  abundant  crop,  but  the 

dry  weather  has  caused  great  quantities  to  drop, 
still  an  amazing  crop  will  remain  ;  and  the  trees  and 
fruit  look  clean  and  promising.  Peaches  and  Nec- 
tarines here  without  the  least  protection  on  open 
walls  are  very  good,  the  trees  clean  and  healthy. 
The  weather  has  been  far  too  dry  for  Strawberries 
hereabout:  they  are  quite  roasted  by  the  sun-heat, 
and  have  not  ripened.  All  bush  fruits,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Raspberries,  are  abundant  and  very  good. 
./.  Murton,  Pencalenick,  Truro. 


WAXES. 

Pejieeokeshire.  —  Apples  are  an  abundant  and 
satisfactory  crop  in  nearly  all  orchards  not  exposed  to 
the  severe  storm  we  had  in  this  district  on  the  night 
of  May  19.  In  this  garden  varieties  which  are 
generally  shy  fruiters  have  a  heavy  crop.  Pears 
bloomed  well,  but  we  had  16°  of  frost  when  most  of 
the  trees  were  in  bloom,  which  injured  them  veiy 
much,  however  some  varieties  carry  a  good  crop, 
Josephine  de  Malines  in  particular.  Plums  sufl'ered 
very  much  from  frost  when  setting ;  a  great  many 
sorts  have  only  a  few  fruits,  Victoria  is  the  only 
good  crop.  G.  Griffin,  Sleheck  Park  Gardens. 

Denbighshire. — Generally  speaking  fair  crops  of 
all  sorts.  Plums  good  on  walls,  failure  on  standards ; 
Pears  good  on  standards,  middling  on  walls.  All 
bush  fruits  heavy  crops  and  good  flavour.  Peaches 
fair,  but  Nectarines  very  thin.  Figs  a  heavy  crop, 
and  likely  to  ripen  this  season.  P.  Middlcton,  Wf/nn- 
sfai/  Gardens,  Ruabon. 


IRELAND. 


Kilkenny. — The  Apple  crop  is  the  best  we  have 
had  for  a  number  of  years,  most  varieties  bearing 
freely.  Pears  and  Plums  are  a  good  average  crop ; 
amongst  the  latter  Victorias  are  excellent.  Straw- 
berries suffered  badly  from  the  drought,  and  were 
consequently  small,  and  of  short  duration.  Small 
fruits  in  general  are  plentiful,  but  in  these  gardens 
Gooseberries  were  much  damaged  by  hail  showers 
when  in  flower.   W.  Grey,  Woodstock,  Kilkenny. 

Clare. — The  dry  spring  and  hot  summer  here 
caused  the  entire  loss  of  the  Strawberry  crop  in  many 
places,  but  in  damp  localities  an  average  crop  was 
obtained.  Of  Apples  there  was  a  very  large  set  of 
fruit,  but  most  of  them  have  now  fallen,  and 
when  examined,  showed  the  Apple  maggot  was  very 
prevalent.  Plums  and  Pears  were  greatly  damaged 
by  frost.   W.  Wilson,  Dromorland  Gardens. 


CHANNEL  ISLANDS. 
Jehsev. — Jersey  cannot  boast  of  an  average  crop 
of  stone  fruits  this  year.  Apricots,  Nectarines, 
Plums,  and  Peaches,  being  sparsely  distributed  over 
the  trees,  and  no  thinning,  as  a  rule,  has  been  re- 
quired. Apples  and  Pears  are  more  near  an  average, 
particularly  where  the  trees  are  old  and  well  estab- 
lished. The  intense  heat  and  drought  during  the 
months  of  June  and  .July  have  diminished  the  size  of 
small  fruits,  which  would  otherwise  have  been  abun- 


Adgost  13,  1S87.] 


THE     GAB  BE  NEB  S'     CEB  ONICL  E. 


191 


dant.  The  climate  and  soil  are  too  moist  for  Nuts — 
they  are  not  planted.  C.  B.  Saunders,  St.  Savioum. 

Guernsey. — Tlie  long  and  serious  drought  through 
which  we  have  and  are  still  passing  has  had  a  most 
marked  effect  on  outside  fruit.  Strawberries  were 
small  and  a  very  short  season.  The  flavour  really 
"waa,  we  think,  better  than  we  have  had  for  years. 
"With  such  intense  heat  and  dryness  abundance  of 
insect  pests  is  only  what  was  to  be  expected.  Where 
these  have  been  kept  in  reasonable  subjection  the 
bloom-bud  for  next  season  should  be  ample.  C. 
Smith  ^  Soils,  Caledotiia  Nurscri/,  St.  Peters  Port, 

SciLLY  Isles. — The  severe  gales  of  last  winter 
injured  the  Currant  bushes.  Raspberry  canes,  and 
Strawberry  plants  (especially  the  severe  gale  of 
October)  so  much  that  the  crops  have  been  very 
poor,  and  the  cold  dry  spring  made  matters  still 
"worse.  Apple  trees  are  uninjured.  G,  J).  Vaila7icc, 
Tresco  Abbey. 


former  seat  of  the  sovereign,  and  si  Jasequently  in 
Ycdo  (Tokio)  At  this  time  catalogues  and  illus- 
trated books  of  the  varieties  of  this  plant  made  their 


y^^^n-T^ 


PSILOTUM     TEIQUETRUM. 

[Mr.  Tokutaro  Ito,  a  Japanese  botanist,  now  at 
Cambridge,  and  the  grandson  of  a  distinguished 
Japanese  man  of  science,  was  good  enough,  some 
time  since,  to  forward  for  our  inspection  two  Japanese 
works  devoted  to  the  illustration  and  description  of 
a  plant  well  known  to  botanists,  and  one  which, 
though  very  remarkable  in  some  of  its  forms,  is 
rarely  seen  outside  botanic  gardens.  In  British 
gai'dens  we  are  only  familiar  with  the  common  form, 
and  with  the  spirally  twisted  variety,  grown  at  Kew 
(see  fig.  47,  p.  193),  though  in  herbaria  numerous  forms 
are  found.  From  the  scores  of  figures  in  the  books 
in  question  we  have  reproduced  four,  of  which  Mr. 
Tokutaro  Ito  has  obligingly  furnished  the  following 
particulars.  Ed.] 

Those  residents  in  Eastern  Asia  who  have  paid  at- 
tention to  the  cultivation  of  plants,  either  for  the 
sake  of  their  ornamental  or  economic  uses,  cannot  fail 
to  have  observed  that  the  skill  of  their  countrymen  in 
the  "  art  of  horticulture,"'  has  tended  to  the  produc- 
tion of  no  small  number  of  new  forms  and  beautiful 
varieties  of  plants.  Some  of  the  forms  and  varieties 
produced  and  reproduced  are  but  very  little  known 
to  their  Western  brethren.  What  I  now  propose  to 
write  in  this  short  note  is  an  account  of  the  varieties 
of  a  plant  which,  I  believe,  if  introduced  into  Europe, 
might  attract  at  least  the  attention  of  certain  English 
horticulturists.  I  refer  to  the  varieties  of  Psilotum 
triquetrnm,  Sw.,  a  plant  allied  toLycopodium. 

The  geographical  distribution  of  this  plant  extends 
over  the  tropical  and  sub-tropical  regions  of  both 
hemispheres,  even  extending  to  Florida  and  Japan. 
In  the  latter  country  it  grows  in  the  warmer  parts  ; 
thus,  in  the  island  of  Kiusiu,  it  is  found  in  the  pro- 
vinces of  Buzen,  Satsuraa,  Hiuga,  and  Ohsumi : 
"while  in  the  principal  island  of  Nippon  it  occurs  in 
the  provinces  of  Idsu  and  Kii.  It  is  also  known 
from  the  Riukiu  Islands. 

The  whole  plant  is  about  4  or  5  inches  in  height, 
but  often  attains  more  than  a  foot ;  the  stem  is 
smooth,  slender,  and  usually  erect,  divided  into 
branches,  the  latter  again  subdivided  into  many 
dichotomous  forks  ;  while  the  leaves  are  of  extremely 
diminutive  size,  placed  here  and  there  on  the 
branches,  thus  presenting,  both  in  their  form  and 
size,  an  appearance  of  bracts.  A  number  of  globular 
spore-cases  .are  produced  singly  in  the  axils  of  their 
bracts,  and  the  portion  of  the  branch  just  beneath 
the  sporangium  often  assumes  an  appearance  of 
stalk,  and  it  is  sometimes  described  as  such  ;  but 
this  is  shown  by  Goebel  to  be  incorrect.  In  spite 
of  their  minute,  bract-like  leaves,  the  stem  and 
branches  are  evergreen,  whence  this  plant  serves  as 
a  permanent  ornament,  whether  placed  in  rooms  or 
in  conservatories — their  coral -shaped  branches  being 
displayed  in  a  graceful  manner. 

The  attention  of  Japanese  horticulturists  was  first 

attracted  to  this  plant  in  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth 

century,  but  it  was  not  until  the  years  of  Tempo  (about 

"  ^  —1 840"^  that  the  fashion  of  cultivating  it  became 

and   private   exhibitions  of  this 

^ened  at  iirst  in  Kioto,  the 


Fig.  45.— the  bent  cbaxe. 


Fig.  46. — ADSU.Mi  CHIRIMEN. 


appearance,  among  which  I  may  at  present  deal  with 
two  works  in  detail.  Both  are  fully  illustrated  and 
coloured,  bearing  the  title  of  SJwyu  Ban  Pii,  or  a 
monograph  of  Psilotum.    Matsitba  Ban,  which  means 


Pino-Ieaved  Orchid,  is  the  Japanese  name  of  Psilotum, 
and  Shoyo  Ban  is  simply  a  Sinico-Japanese  version 
of  it.  One  of  the  works  is  a  small  pamphlet,  pub- 
lished in  Yedo.  and  containing  a  few  coloured  figures 
of  apparently  selected  varieties.  A  short  description 
of  each  plant,  as  well  as  a  brief  note  for  the  direction 
of  cultivation,  are  also  given.  The  other  is  of  a  much 
more  elaborate  character,  inasmuch  as  it  contains  a 
catalogue  of  more  than  120  varieties,  each  with  a 
descrijrtion  of  its  distinguishing  characters.  But  the 
conspicuous  part  of  this  bo6k  consists  in  the  coloured 
illustrations  of  some  sixty  representative  varieties, 
each  single  variety  occupying  one  page.  This  book 
bears  the  date  of  1836— no  doubt  at  the  height  of  their 
fashion— and  probably  published  in  Yido  (though 
the  place  of  publication  is  not  stated)  by  an  authoi- 
with  the  nom  de  plume  of  ShO-In  Gwai-shi.  These 
illustrations,  some  of  which  are  reproduced  in  a 
reduced  size  in  the  accompanying  figures,  represent 
almost  everv  sort  of  curious  form,  straight,  curved, 
curled,  or  twisted  ;  some  are  drooping,  like  a  Weeping 
Willow,  while  others  imitate  the  appearance  of  the 
lower  forms  of  marine  animals,  such  as  polyps 
crinoids,  and  their  allies.  Each  of  these  novelties 
has  its  own  trivial  name— TawM  ZJsarvj,  Tama  Midori. 
Tomo  Shiraga,  Awoyaiji  Chirimen,  Adsiima  Ckirimcn, 
and  so  on.  It  is  by  lio  means  an  easy  matter  to  make 
exact  translation  of  these  names.  Let  us  take  some 
of  them  to  illustrate  the  varieties  represented  in  the 
accompanying  figures : — Tama  ShisJii,  or  Rolling 
Lion,  is  a'  name  of  a  variety  represented  in  fig.  43; 
ShisU  (or  lion)  is  often  applied  by  Japanese  horticul- 
turists to  fancy  forms,  especially  twisted  or  rolled 
ones.  Temari  'Dsiku.  or  Ball-on-the-Pole,  is  a  variety 
shown  in  fig.  44,  and  the  appellation  may  easily  be 
explained  bv  looking  at  the  figure.  The  singular 
variety  which  will  be  observed  at  fig.  45  obtained  the 
name  of  Ori  Dsiiru,  or  Bent  Crane,  on  account  of  the 
appearance  of  its  branches  somewhat  resembling  a 
group  of  "cranes"  made  by  little  Japanese  girls 
simply  by  folding  a  piece  of  paper.  The  name  of  a 
variety  with  drooping  branches  (compare  fig.  46)  is 
Adsuma  Chirimen,  which  cannot  be  easilv  translated. 
Some  of  the  other  varieties  have  such  striking  names, 
as  (in  English  version)  Dragon's  Moustache,  Kirin's 
(a  fabulous  animal)  Horn;  on  the  other  hand,  the 
name,  such  as  Green  Coral,  is  much  more  suggestive. 
To  European  horticulturists,  however,  only  a  small 
number  of  the  varieties  of  this  plant  appear  to  be 
kno^vn.  According  to  Mr.  Baker's  Fern  Allies— aa 
excellent  book,  only  recently  published — Psilotum 
capillare  of  Blume  is  shown  to' be  the  variety  of  P.  tri- 
quetrum.  Sw.,  with  indistinctly  triquetrous  branches. 
Again,  Mr.  Baker  includes  under  the  same  species  about 
nine  species  described  under  the  genus  Bernhardia  by 
Karl  MuUer.  There  is  another  plant,  P.  compla- 
natum.  Sw.,  regarded  as  a  distinct  species  ;  but,  as  I 
am  unable  to  examine  authentic  specimens  of  this 
plant,  I  cannot  declare  whether  it  is  really  a  distinct 
species,  or  rather  to  be  considered  as  a  conspicuous 
variety  of  P.  triquetrum  (fig.  47,  p.  193).  Dr.  Maxwell 
T.  Masters,  in  a  recent  letter  written  to  me.  observes 
that  he  has  only  seen  at  Kew  a  variety  with  the 
spirally  twisted  stem.  But,  as  I  understand  that  he 
intends  to  make  a  further  examination  of  P.  trique- 
trnm, I  can  only  anticipate  that  his  extensive  know- 
ledge of  horticultural  botany,  and  his  capacity  as  so 
able  a  vegetable  teratologist,  will  not  only  remove 
mistakes  and  omissions,  which  I  fear  will  be  observed 
in  my  short  note,  but  also  will  discover  many  more 
important  facts  of  scientific  interest.  Tokutaro  Ito, 
F.L.S.,  Cambridge. 


POTATO  CULTURE. 

(Continued  from  p.  383,  ml.  L,  3rrf  series.) 
In  the  earlier  part  of  this  article  reference  was 
made  (p.  736)  to  the  view  held  by  some  that  starch 
passes  as  such  from  the  leaf  to  the  tuber.  The 
objection  that  starch  is  not  "  soluble  "  in  water  at 
less  than  about  70°  does  not  affect  the  question. 
Since  that  portion  was  written  it  has  been  found 
definitely  that  there  is  no  starch  in  the  stem.  This 
has  been  ascertained  from  analysis  of  Potato  plant 
stems  themselves,  and  is  not  reasoning  by  analogy 
from  observations  on  other  plants,  as  hitherto  we 
have  had  to  do  for  want  of  direct  experiments  with 
Potato  plants.  Analyses  are  in  progress  to  ascer- 
tain, if  possible,  the  rate  of  formation  of  starch  in 
the  tubers,  and  with  this  end  in  view  they  are  being 


192 


THE    GABDENEE8'     CHBONICLE. 


[AconsT  13,  1887. 


made  perioJically.  This,  after  all,  will  only  apply 
to  the  particular  variety  under  examination,  and  it 
is  to  be  regretted  tliat  cultivators  have  not  before 
now  souglit  to  gain  some  knowledge  on  the  subject 
of  the  formation  of  that  starch  for  which  they  grow 
their  crops.  Next  to  our  cereals  they  are  the  most 
important  we  have.  Cereals  have  been  well  studied 
(Chemically— the  Potato  has  been  not  studied  at  all. 

The  starch  granule  is  a  very  favourite  microscope 
preparation,  and  is  generally  "  in  stock  "  with  dealers  ; 
but  to  have  a  series  shewing  the  development  of  the 
granule  is  work  yet  to  be  done.  Development  in  the 
tuber,  being  in  the  dark,  is  of  course  different  from 
the  process  in  the  chlorophyll  cell  under  the  action 
of  light. 

A  full  study  of  Potato  growth  should,  of  course, 
include,  among  other  things,  not  only  periodic 
chemical  and  microscopic  examination,  but  a  record 
of  the  duration  of  light  sufficient  to  form  starch,  of 
the  temperature  and  of  the  moisture  of  air  and  soil. 
Perhaps  for  next  year's  crops  some  one  may  arrange 
this. 

Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the  fact 
recently  ascertained,  that  the  amount  of  light  suffi- 
cient to  form  the  green  colouring  matter  of  leaves  is 
not  necessarily  sufficient  to  form  starch  in  the  leaves. 
When  the  requisite  amount  of  light  is  more  accu- 
rately known,  it  should  not  be  difficult  to  arrange  an 
apparatus  that  would  automatically  register  tlie 
duration  of  such  light.  For  moisture  records  we 
already  have  apparatus. 

The  question— "Wliat  would  be  the  practical  use  of 
such  inquiries? — can  only  come  from  those  un- 
acquainted with  the  history  of  the  sciences.  There 
tan  liardly  be  named  any  branch  of  science  in  which 
knowledge  pursued  for  its  own  sake  has  not  led  to 
some  discovery  that  has  come  to  be  turned  to  prac- 
tical use.  Till  we  know  how  starch  is  formed  in  tlie 
tuber,  it  is  impossible  to  predict  how  far  that  know- 
ledge may  enable  us  to  control  the  conditions  under 
which  it  is  being  formed. 

With  regard  to  climatic  conditions  there  are  two 
experiences  that  may  not  be  generally  known.  In 
growing  Potatos  in  the  west  of  South  America,  the 
first  year's  crop  was  like  that  from  which  the 
"  seeds  "  had  been  selected.  The  next  year,  witli 
seed  taken  from  the  first  year's  crop,  the  Potatos 
turned  out  to  be  too  sweet  to  be  eaten.  The  same 
was  found  to  be  the  case  at  Sierra  Leone.  This  was 
attributed  to  the  high  temperature,  and  the  inference 
was,  the  starch  was  converted  to  sugar.  In  connec- 
tion with  this  tliere  is  the  fact  that  frost  makes  some 
Potatos  sweet.  Can  the  explanation  be  that  Potato- 
starch  is  a  stable  compound  only  witliin  certain 
limits  of  temperature,  and  that  above  and  below 
that  limit  it  passes  to  sugar? 

There  is  a  point  on  which  uncertainty  and  differ- 
ence of  opinion  exists.  Some  cultivators  hold  that 
it  should  be  an  aim  to  keep  the  plant  growing  and 
prevent  it  flowering.  Powering  is  said  to  take  up 
the  "  energy  ''  of  a  plant  and  prevent  tlie  formation 
of  large  tubers.  The  statement  is  a  vague  one,  and 
it  is  not  clear  whether  the  idea  is  that  the  "  vital 
energy "  needed  for  tuber-growth  is  diverted  to 
flower-growth,  or  whether  the  material  that  would 
go  to  produce  tubers  is  used  in  another  form  to  pro- 
duce flowers  with  their  reproductive  element.  Per- 
haps both  are  meant.  Others  hold  that  a  good  healthy 
plant  that  will  run  its  full  course  and  flower  and 
bear  berries  is  a  better  plant  for  "  seeds  "  for  next 
year's  crop.  It  may  be  that  there  are  mysteries 
(hidden  secrets)  about  Potato  growing  that  are 
known  only  to  the  experienced  cultivator,  but 
looked  at  simply  from  a  botanist's  point  of  view,  the 
two  stiiteraents  would  seem  to  imply  tiiis:  —  The 
tubers  that  are  grown  for  eating  are  not  likely  to 
be  good  for  setting  if  they  flower.  In  other  words, 
hinder  flowering,  if  you  can,  when  growing  for  tabic  ; 
encourage  it,  if  you  can,  when  growing  for  seed. 
Firstly,  are  the  two  ideas  correct  ?  and,  secondly,  is 
it  possible  to  hinder  or  promote  flowering  ? 

Among  otiier  important  points  on  which  there  is 
a  difference  of  opinion  tliere  is  the  question  how  long  a 
particular  variety  will  List.  In  tlie  Ivoyal  Commission 


evidence  it  was  stated  that  none  lasts  more  tljan  twenty 
years.  T^is  is  a  subject  on  which  it  would  be  useful 
to  have  exact  information,  but  in  relation  to  which 
it  appears  no  printed  records  exist.   If.  >S'.  M. 


Scotland. 


NEW  PINK,  MRS.  JAMES  MINTY. 
This  is  a  very  striking  and  distinct  form  of  the 
florists'  Pink,  raised  by  Mr.  James  Minty,  an  en- 
thusiastic amateur  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  a  riclily  laced 
purple-rose  of  great  size  and  substance,  the  petals 
being  very  broad  and  smooth.  Messrs.  James  Cocker 
&  Sons,  nurserymen,  Aberdeen,  in  whose  nursery  we 
saw  it  recently,  have  the  stock  in  hand,  and  have  re- 
ceived First-class  Certificates  for  it  wherever  they 
have  exhibited  it  this  season. 

EXPEBIMENTS   WITH   RoSES   ON   DIFFERENT    STOCKS. 


In  the  same  nurseries  we  had  our  attention 
directed  to  some  interesting  experiments  with  dif- 
ferent varieties  of  Roses  on  the  Manetti,  the  seedling 
Brier,  and  the  Brier  from  cuttings.  Six  lines,  about 
50  yards  in  length,  were  planted  side  by  side 
with  the  stocks  named,  two  lines  of  each. 
Forty  of  each  were  budded  witli  the  same  sort  of 
Rose  ;  thus  there  were  three  lots  of  forty  each 
growing  parallel  with  each  other  on  the  same  ground 
in  precisely  the  same  circumstances,  but  on  different 
stocks.  Space  will  not  permit  us  to  give  full  details 
of  the  varieties  experimented  witli  and  the  results, 
but  they  were  very  striking  and  instructive,  as  may 
be  gathered  from  the  following  instances  noted  on 
the  spot :— Her  Majesty,  on  the  cutting  Brier,  pre- 
sented a  fine  even  sturdy  growth,  about  2  feet  high, 
but  on  the  seedling  Brier  was  unequal,  less  vigorous, 
and  somewhat  irregular ;  while  on  the  Manetti  it  was 
scarcely  half  a  crop  and  very  unequal.  Clara  Cochet 
was  best  on  the  Manetti,  showing  fine  equal  growth 
about  2.}  feet  high  ;  on  the  seedling  Brier  it  was 
almost  a  total  failure,  and  on  the  cutting  Brier  was 
fairly  equal,  but  less  vigorous,  and  about  1  foot  shorter 
than  those  on  the  Manetti.  Fran^oise  Levet  prefers 
tlie  Manetti,  and  showed  a  fine  equal  crop  of  great 
strength,  and  about  Zh  feet  high.  On  the  cutting 
Brier,  though  less  vigorous,  it  was  fairly  good ;  but 
on  the  seedling  Brier  it  was  almost  a  failure.  A 
collection  of  Moss  Roses  was  also  tried  experimentally 
on  the  stocks  named  in  the  same  quarter,  and  showed 
that  they  very  generally  succeed  best  on  the  Manetti. 
Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sons  have  only  recently  instituted 
these  experiments,  and  are  so  much  struck  with  the 
results  and  their  practical  imjjortance  as  bearing  on 
Rose  growing,  that  they  intend  testing  every  variety 
they  grow  in  the  same  way,  and  regulating  tlie  pro- 
duction of  their  stock  in  accordance  with  the  lessons 
they  teach.     [Well  done,  Messrs.  Cocker  !  ] 

Strawberries  are  grown  to  a  large  extent  in  these 
nurseries,  and  new  varieties  are  tested  as  they  come 
out,  with  the  view  of  proving  their  suitability  to  the 
locality.  The  Captain,  and  King  of  the  Earlies  have 
been  grown  for  the  last  two  years,  and  the  latter  has 
been  found  to  be  an  excellent  cropper,  and  to  be  of 
very  fine  flavour,  with  berries  of  medium  size  ;  while 
the  former  is  full  and  rich-flavoured,  with  large 
berries,  and  a  fair  cropper.  Both  are  hardy,  and 
vigorous  growers. 

The  New  Rose,  Puritan. 
Of  this  we  noticed  several  plants  in  flower  in  one 
of  the  houses.  In  colour,  substance  and  form  the 
flowers  so  much  resemble  those  of  a  Gardenia  that 
they  might  be  substituted  for  the  latter  appropriately. 
It  appears  to  be  very  floriferous,  and  will  flower  con- 
tinuously if  it  be  kept  growing. 

A  Perfect  Earwig  Trap 
lias  been  employed  by  Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sons  among 
their  Dahlias  for  the  last  twenty  years.  It  is  formed 
of  the  stems  of  Hemlock,  or  some  similar  Umbellifer, 
cut  into  6  or  8-inch  lengths,  open  at  each  end.  One 
pii.'ce  is  placed  to  each  plans  when  it  is  planted,  and 


in  such  a  position  as  tliat  it  m.ay  easily  and  without 
loss  of  time  be  drawn  out  and  examined  at  will.  A 
boy  looks  over  the  traps  every  morning  armed  with  an 
ordinary  wine-bottle  about  half-full  of  water.  The 
insects  in  each  trap  are  blown  into  the  bottle,  and 
hundreds  of  plants  are  thus  at  very  small  expense 
kept  perfectly  free  from  injury  from  first  to  last. 
The  traps  are  invisible  because  concealed  amongst 
the  foliage  of  the  plants,  and  not  an  insect  escapes. 

The  Largest  Yew  in  Scotland. 
We  recently  had  an  opportunity  of  viewing  what 
is  believed  to'  be  the  largest  common  Yew  in  Scot- 
land. It  grows  in  the  flower  gardens  at  Ormiston 
Hall,  Haddingtonshire.  Its  age  is  recorded  as  over 
700  years,  but  as  it  was  then  a  notable  tree  it  must 
be  much  older.  The  height  of  the  tree  is  about 
38  feet,  the  girth  of  tlie  bole  at  3  feet  from  the  ground 
17  feet,  and  at  5  feet  from  the  ground  23  feet.  At 
that  point  the  branches,  which  are  of  enormous  size. 
spring  from  the  stem.  The  spread  of  the  branches 
is  about  90  feet.  The  tree  is  in  splendid  health.  A 
melancholy  historical  interest  attaches  to  the  tree. 
Under  its'  branches  George  Wishart,  the  Scottish 
reformer,  addressed  his  followers  for  the  last  time  on 
the  eve  of  his  arrest  by  Bothwell  at  the  command  of 
Cardinal  Beaton  in  the  old  liouse  of  Ormiston  near 
by  the  spot  on  w'hich  it  grows.   W.  S. 


THE    SEED    TRADE. 

A  Seedsman's  Trial  Ground. — I  have  recently 
been  looking  through  the  trial  ground  of  Messrs. 
Hurst  &  Son,  seed  merchants,  of  Houndsditch  ;  the 
garden,  which  is  2J  acres  in  extent,  and  much  too 
circumscribed,  is  at  the  top  of  Park  Hill,  on  the 
Addiscombe  side  of  East  Croydon  ;  and  is  situate 
on  an  open  sunny  slope  facing  due  south.  I  may 
mention  that  this  well  known  firm  are  making  anew 
and  more  extensive  trial  ground  near  to  Chelmsford, 
in  Essex,  the  lease  of  the  Croydon  ground  having  run 
out.  It  is  only  those  \vho  are  acquainted  with  the 
work  of  a  trial  ground  of  this  character  that  can  be 
aware  of  the  immense  amount  of  labour  involved 
and  the  large  expense  incurred  in  carrying  out  the 
details  in  a  thorough  manner.  The  mass  of  detail  is 
enormous,  and  a  clear  head  is  required  in  order  to 
properly  arrange,  sow,  grow,  and  take  notes  of  the 
many  hundreds  of  samples  of  seeds  annually  raised 
in  such  a  place.  A  sample  of  every  bulk  that  comes  into 
a  seed  warehouse  is  sown,  and  growth  and  quality  are 
alike  tested.  Tims  if  twenty  growers  send  in  each 
a  quantity  of,  say,  Veitch's  Perfection  Pea,  a  sample 
from  each  is  sown  and  a  careful  record  kept ;  a  bad 
stock  is  thus  traced  to  its  source  as  well  as  a  good 
one.  This  year  there  were  to  be  seen  growing  at 
Croydon  412'  samples  of  Peas,  32  of  Cress,  26  of 
Parsnips,  15  of  Spinach,  60  of  Radish,  25  of 
Parsley,  107  of  Lettuce,  including  Cos  and  Cabbage 
varieties,  100  of  Carrot,  187  of  Onions,  25  of 
Tomatos— a  fine  lot  of  jdants  in  the  open  air  were 
just  coming  into  fruiting,  34  of  vegetables  and 
Gourds,  27  of  Leeks.  40  of  Celeiw,  83  of  herbs, 
15  of  Endive,  53  of  Beet,  40  of  dwarf  Beans,  25 
of  Runner  Beans,  54  of  garden  Turnips,  100  of 
spring  Cabbage,  20  of  Brussels  Sprouts,  28  of 
Savoy  Cabbage,  40  of  Cauliflower,  50  of  Kales,  74 
of  Brocolis,  and  43  of  sundries,  consisting  of  Capsi- 
cums, Corn  Salad,  Chervil,  &c.  In  addition  there  were 
a  large  number  of  samples  of  flowers  seeds,  such  as 
Stocks,  Asters,  Balsams,  Zinnias,  Phlox  Drummondi, 
and  all  the  leading  sorts  of  annuals.  I  am  certain 
there  are  many  persons  who  are  ready  to  charge 
upon  the  seedsmen  failures  in  the  growth  of  seeds 
who  would  be  disposed  to  moderate  their  harsh 
judgments  could  they  but  witness  the  immense  pains 
taken  to  ascertain  the  growth  of  seeds  before  they 
are  sold.  Every  leading  seed-house,  and  especially 
those  who  do  a  wholesale  trade,  have  their  trial 
grounds  in  wliicli  tlie  work  of  testing  is  not  only 
done  on  a  large  scale,  but  in  the  most  methodical 
manner.  The  uses  of  such  a  trial  ground  are  many. 
All  novelties  are  thoroughly  tested,  and  a  correct 
estimation  is  formed  of  their  value  and  distinctness. 
Many  new  things,  so  called,  are  found  to  '• 
selections  from  standard  variet' 
useful  in  that  they  furnish 


Acorsr  13,  1887.] 


THE     flABDENEBS'     CHFGNICLE. 


193 


Then  seeds  of  the  very  bost  are  saved,  and  these 
prove  invaluable  for  sending  out  to  p-owers  for  stock, 
to  come  back  in  the  form  of  selected  strains.  Some 
articles  require  the  most  persistent  selection  in  order 
io  keep  them  up  to  the  mark,  and  it  is  only  in  this 
way  a  high  character  can  be  obtained.  It  is  not  too 
much  to  say  that  no  men  are  so  well  informed  as  to 
the  characters  of  oar  leading  vegetables  of  all  kinds 
as  those  who  snperintend  a  trial  gi-ound,  and  are 
almost  daily  engaged  in  the  task,  inspecting  sub- 
jects and  carefully  recording  their  characters. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


The  Flower  Garden. 


The  flower  garden  will  now  be  at  its  best,  bnt  an 
immense  amount  of  extra  labour  has  been  necessary 
in  the  way  of  watering,  owing  to  the  dry  parching 
weather.  It  has  been  only  by  continuous  soakings  of 
water  that  plants  have  been  kept  alive.  Such 
subjects  as  Violas,  Pelargoniums,  &c.,  require  weekly 
going  over  to  rid  them  of  the  rapidly  decaying  blooms 
and  seed-pods. 

Propagation. — Let  the  propagation  of  all  stock  be 
now  resolutely  prosecuted.  Some  cuttings  of  Phloxes 
and  Pentstemons  may  be  put  in  a  cold  fr.ame.  but 
they  will  succeed  perfectly  well  next  month.  Pink 
and  Carnation  cuttings  may  still  be  put  in,  but  the 
sooner  this  is  done  now,  the  better.  Sowings  of  the 
following  hardy  annuals  may  now  be  made,  to  stand 
the  winter  for  early  spring  flowering: — Saponaria, 
Collinsia,  Silene,  Candytufts,  Nemophila,  Erysimum, 
Lupins,  &c.  The  situation  should  be  sheltered  but 
not  shaded;  they  will  also  winter  better  it  the  soil  is 
not  over-rich.  Some  protection  should  be  afforded 
them  during  hard  frost,  and  they  can  be  transplanted 
into  the  beds  in  early  spring. 

General  Directions. — See  that  all  tall-gi'owing  sub- 
jects are  kept  securely  fastened  to  their  stakes. 
Beds  of  seedling  Hollyhocks  should  now  be  gone 
over,  and  all  worthless  varieties  marked  for  expulsion. 
During  hot  dry  weather  Auriculas  are  very  subject 
to  attacks  of  the  greenfly.  When  the  plants  are  in 
active  growth  the  succulent  leaves  are  very  sus- 
ceptible of  injury  from  tobacco  smoke  ;  the  better 
way  is  to  dust  a  little  of  Pooley's  tobacco  powder  on 
to  the  affected  plants,  and  as  soon  as  the  fly  is 
destroyed  lay  the  plants  on  their  sides  and  syringe 
the  dead  insects  and  powder  out  of  the  centre  of  the 
plants.  Early  ofl^sets  may  still  be  potted,  and  ofl^sets 
may  still  be  taken  if  this  is  not  already  done.  The 
better  sorts  may  be  put  into  60"s,  and  the  more 
common  varieties  can  be  planted  out-of-doors.  Some 
of  our  weather  prophets  say,  with  the  new  moon  we 
are  to  have  a  perfect  deluge  of  rain. 

Planting  and  Transplant inrf. — Should  the  weather 
now  prove  showery,  the  planting  of  evergreen  trees 
and  shrubs  may  be  undertaken.  Let  the  pits  be  opened 
2  feet  larger  than  the  balls  of  the  plants  require,  and 
the  bottom  should  be  picked  up  a  foot  deep,  to  secure 
a  ready  egress  for  the  water,  which  runs  off  the  hard 
surface  into  the  pits.  This  system  of  planting  is 
not  to  be  recommended  on  this  account.  The  best 
way  is  to  trench  the  ground  to  a  uniform  depth, 
where  planting  is  to  be  undertaken,  and  then  there 
is  no  danger  from  water  lodging.  If  the  soil  be  poor 
at  the  time  of  planting,  some  manure  should  be 
added  during  the  process  of  trenching,  and  a  few 
barrowloads  of  a  better  kind  of  loam  should  be 
placed  in  immediate  contact  with  the  roots.  Should 
the  soil  be  sufficiently  moist  at  planting  time,  water 
should  not  be  given  at  the  roots — rather  give  the 
plants  a  syringe  with  the  garden-engine  occasion- 
ally ;  roots  are  more  quickly  formed  when  the  soil  in 
immediate  contact  is  in  a  medium  state  of  moistness. 
Roses. — In  order  to  secure  a  good  display  of 
•autumn  Roses  much  depends  on  the  treatment  the 
pliints  receive  while  they  are  making  their  growth 
during  the  parching  weather  we  are  having,  and  un- 
less the  plants  are  copiously  watered  they  are  sure  to 
fall  a  prey  to  red-spider,  that  will  cause  the  growth  to 
be  weak.  Surface  dribblings  are  of  no  use — enough 
should  be  given  to  penetrate  to  the  lowest  roots. 
Some  mulching  should  be  put  over  the  ground  after 
watering,  to  prevent  evaporation.  Eoses  on  walls 
are  generally  worse  off*  for  moisture  and  nutriment 
than  those  in  beds,  as  many  of  them  have  their  roots 
in  confined  spaces  and  in  ungenial  soil.  If  these 
have  received  liberal  washings  with  the  garden  en- 
i  gine  they  should  now  be  in  a  very  satisfactory  con- 

dition    weak  manure-water  should  be    steadily  ad- 

jgyijred  to  the  roots.     Continue  to  bud  anv  Rose 

prevalent,    'showt  .^' ^.TP^"*"^- ,.  ^^^  °'^'' ^^'' 
^  ^.     ,        ,  -1  loose  the  ligatures  as  soon 

particular  plant  were  op-,  m.  BailHe,  Luton  Hoo. 


Stont:  Aquatics.  —  Amongst  these  interesting- 
plants  some  are  found  well  adapted  for  growing  in 
tanks,  for  ^vhich  a  convenient  position  could  be 
found  in  most  gardens.  We  have  here  a  limited 
experience  in  cultivating  some  few  kinds,  and  these 
grow  quite  satisfactorily  in  a  warm-water  tank 
placed  in  a  stove  which  is  slightly  shaded,  and 
farther  from  the  glass  than  is  thought  desirable  for 
these  sun-loving  plants.  The  species  groivn  are 
Limnocharis  Huraboldti,  an  exceedingly  attractive 
perennial,  which  grows  very  freely,  throwing  out 
runners  similar  to  the  Stra^vberry,  and  which  pro- 


duces neat,  bright  leave.?,  and  pretty  yellow  flowers 
in  profusion,  and  although  the  flowers  last  but  a  day, 
a  continual  show  is  kept  up.  The  plant  is  increased 
by  taking  off,  and  potting  tlie  rooted  runners.  Sagit- 
taria  montevidensis  is  another  interesting  aquatic, 
of  which  we  have  two  varieties  in  flower — one  having 
a  chocolate-coloured  blotch  on  each  petal,  while  the 
other  has  a  yellow  blotch.  This  fine  plant  pushes 
its  flower-spikes  to  the  height  of  4  feet,  produces 
seeds  freely,  and  when  well  furnished  with  its  erect, 
arrow-like  foliage,  the  plant  has  a  striking  appear- 
ance. It  is  liable  to  be  infested  with  aphis,  which 
may  be  destroyed  by  washing  with  tobacco-water. 
Nymph:ca  dentata  and  N.  devoniensis  likewise  do 
well  in  the  same  tank  as  the  above-named  plants,  as 
also  Pontederia  azurea,  the  delicate  blue  flower- 
spikes  of  which  are  very  beautiful.  All  these  plants 
are  potted  in  good  loam,  in  largish  pots,  the  rims  of 
the  pots  being  placed  just  under  the  surface  of  the 
water. 

Roman  Hyacinths,  tfc. — The  lists  of  these  now 
being  distributed  remind  iis  it  is  time  to  give  our 
orders  for  them  and  other  kinds  of  early-flower- 
ing bulbs  that  may  be  wanted.  All  agree  that  the 
white  Roman  Hyacinth  stands  pre-eminent,  having 
many  good  qualities  to  recommend  it,  amongst 
others  that  of  affording  good  returns  for  cost  and 
cultivation.     It  is  cheap  in  price,  and  is  invaluable 


for  cut  flowers,  or  to  flower  in  pots  for  tlie  green- 
house where  early  flowers  are  in  request.  As  with 
the  later  growing  Hyacinths,  a  rich  compost,  con- 
sisting of  loam,  decayed  manure,  and  gritty  sand,  is 
most  suitable.  For  decorative  purposes  the  best 
sized  pots  to  use  are  4S's  and  o2's,  putting  three 
bulbs  in  the  smaller,  and  six  in  the  larger-sized 
pots.  In  potting,  the  bulbs,  which  should  be  made 
moderately  firm,  should  have  their  points  left  slightly 
above  the  soil,  and  be  settled  by  a  good  watering.  A 
place  upon  a  bed  of  ashes  in  an  open,  cool  frame, 
where  the  pots  can  be  embedded  in  ashes  or  cocoa- 
nut  fibre,  and  protected  with  lights  from  rain,  will 
suit  the  plants  until  they  have  made  enough  root 
progress  to  enable  them  to  be  forced.  Early  kinds 
uf  Tulips,  such  as  Due  Van  Thol  and  Narcissus 
Paper  White  and  double  Roman,  with  Scilla  precox 
and  Iris  reticulata,  are  desirable  subjects  for  early 
forcing,  which  should  likewise  be  potted  as  soon  as 
procured  and  treated  similarly  to  the  Hyacinths. 
Thomas  C-*omber,  Hcndrc,  Monmoxith. 


The  Kitchen  Garden. 


Seeds  to  Sow. — Cabbage. — The  principal  sowing 
should  now  be  made  to  follow  the  smaller  one  made 
last  month.  Plants  raioed  from  this  sowing  will 
furnish  the  supply  of  Cabbage  in  spring  and  sum- 
mer, and  the  varieties  should  include  such  as  will 
ensure  a  succession.  The  soil  of  the  intended  seed- 
beds, after  being  forked  over  and  made  fine,  should  be 
lined  out,  leaving  alleys  between  of  2  feet  in  width, 
and  should  be  well  watered  before  sowing  the  seed, 
and  afterwards,  if  needful,  lightly  shading  during 
the  day  in  bright  weather  until  the  young  plants  are 
above  ground.  Keep  the  beds  clear  of  ivteds,  and 
give  water  when  the  soil  is  diy,  and  an  occa.=:ional 
dusting  of  wood  ashes,  soot,  or  powdered  lime.  Toa 
thickly  placed  and  weakly  plants  should  be  drawn 
out  and  discarded,  and  the  largest  and  most  forward 
pricked  out  into  beds  and  prepared  forfinal  planting  out. 
Caul ijimocrs. — From  the  20th  to  the  30th  of  the 
month  sow  early  London,  or  Pearl  Cauliflower,  also 
Walcheren  and  Veitch's  Autumn  Giant  to  stand 
through  the  winter.  These  may  be  sown  in  the  same 
manner  as  advised  for  Cabbage,  and  will  be  available 
for  pricking  out  into  hand-glasses  and  frames  to 
furnish  the  early  supply  in  spring.  The  beds  should 
be  hooped  over  and  netted  as  a  protection  from  birds. 
Winter  Onions. — The  main  sowing  of  these  should 
be  made  in  shallow  drills,  15  inches  apart,  on  good, 
rich  ground  that  has  been  weil  manured  for  a  pre- 
vious crop;  make  the  surface-soil  firm  and  even 
before  sowing,  afterwards  using  a  light  roller  to  con- 
solidate it.  In  low  and  damp  situations  raised  beds 
are  preferable  for  sowing  on,  and  on  these  the  seeds 
may  be  sown  broadcast,  or  in  drills  rather  closer 
together.  To  keep  the  ground  clear  of  wireworms 
give  an  occasional  top-dressing  of  soot,  the  surface- 
soil  should  also  be  kept  clean  and  open  by  the  use  of 
the  Dutch  hoe. 

Lcttiwcs. — Sow  on  raised  beds  to  stand  the  winter 
some  of  the  hardy  Cabbage  varieties,  and  again  a 
fortnight  later  another  sowing  should  be  made. 
These,  if  afforded  slight  protection  in  very  severe 
weather,  will  come  into  use  long  before  spring-sown 
ones.  When  large  enough  the  plants  should  be 
thinned  sufficiently,  so  as  to  stand  clear  of  one 
another,  and  can  also  be  pricked  out  in  other  beds. 

French  Beans. — To  prolong  the  supply  of  these  as 
long  as  possible  seeds  should  be  sown  in  7  and  8-inch 
l)0ts,  allowing  for  five  or  six  plants  in  a  pot,  and 
sufficient  space  left  for  earthing  up.  The  pots  may 
stand  out-of-doors  to  germinate  and  make  their 
growth  and  become  established,  removing  them  into 
suitable  quarters,  later. 

General  Work. — Continue  the  earthing-up  of 
Celery,  and  be  careful  to  ascertain  that  the  plants 
and  the  soil  at  their  roots  are  in  a  thoroughly  moist 
condition  before  more  earth  is  added.  Earthing-up 
should  be  proceeded  with  at  regular  intervals  as  the 
plants  progress.  The  foliage  and  soil  should  also  be 
in  a  fine  and  dry  condition  at  the  time,  and  the  latter 
prevented  from  entering  the  centre  of  the  plants. 
Where  fish-guano  or  other  artificial  manure  isapplied 
it  should  be  sprinkled  in  the  trenches  and  incor- 
porated with  the  soil,  in  the  first  stages  of  earthing- 
up.  Lift  and  store  Potatos  as  they  become  fit,  and 
make  the  last  sowings  of  Turnips  on  the  vacated  soil. 
IMake  good  plantings  at  intervals  of  Endive  and 
Lettuces,  and  also  a  liberal  sowing'ortwo  of  Radishes 
to  pull  from  through  the  autumn.  John  Avsten,  Witky 
Court. 


194 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  13,  1887. 


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(  Devon  and  Exeter  Horticultural. 
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SALES. 

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j,^  t  Imported  and  Established  Orchids, 


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t  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 


Pierre 


TiiK  towrn  of  Mans  will  in  the 
course  of  a  few  weeks  be  adorned 
with  the  statue  of  the  eminent 
sixteenth  century  botanist  whose  name  stands  at 
the  head  of  this  notice,  but  whose  claims  on  the 
grateful  remembrance  of  horticulturists  are  not 
so  well  kno^vn  as  they  should  be.  Belon  was  a 
traveller  and  a  naturalist,  who  rendered  signal 
services  to  horticulture  by  the  introduction  and 
cultivation  of  exotic  plants,  both  useful  and 
ornamental.  It  was  to  his  instigation  that 
T'rance  owed  the  establishment  of  the  two  iirst 
Botanic  Gardens — that  of  RenS  and  of  .Jean  du 
Bellay  (circa  l'">40),  more  than  a  century  before 
the  establishment  of  the  existing  Jardin  des 
Plantes  at  Paris.  The  evergreen  Oaks,  the 
Judas  tree  (Cercis  Siliqua-strum),  the  Agnus 
Castus,  the  Sumach,  the  Eastern  .Tuniper,  the 
Mulberry  (both  black  and  white),  the  Laurustine, 
the  Jujube,  the  Arbutus,  the  Styrax,  the  Carob, 
the  Lotos  (Uiospyros),  the  Musk  Rose,  Rosa 
moschata,  the  Myrtle,  with  many  others,  were 
introduced  into  these  gardens  by  Belon'.  i\jnong 
other  plants  cultivated  at  that  time  in  the  en- 
virons of  Mans,  Professor  Ckie  of  Rennes,  to 
whom  we  are  indebted  for  some  of  these  par- 
ticulars, specially  alludes  to  the  introduction  into 
France  of  the  Cedar,  the  Plane,  and  the  Tobacco 
as  especially  due  to  Belon.  The  Mans  naturalist 
left  J''rance  in  the  beginning  of  1.047  on  an  ex- 
ploring expedition  to  the  East.  He  traversed 
Italy,  Turkey,  Syria,  [Egvpt,  and  the  peninsula 
of   Sinai;   returned  in    1550   to  Rome   through 


Asia  Minor  and  Greece.  Some  years  later  Belon 
visited  England  and  Spain.  On  his  return  to 
Paris  he  commenced  the  publication  of  his  im- 
portant works  o;,  birds  and  fishes,  the  most  im- 
portant zoological  productions  of  the  sixteenth 
century. 

Belon's  other  works  comprise  a  volume  with 
illustrations  on  cone-bearing  and  resiniferous 
trees — "  alj^isque  quoque  ncnnuUis  sempiterna 
fronde  virentibus,"  which  is  short  for  ever- 
greens (!) — as  well  as  an  account  of  the  singular 
and  remarkable  things  he  met  with  in  his  travels 
— an  account  translated  into  Latin  by  Clusifs, 
who  also  published  a  Latin  version  of  Belon's 
treatise  on  the  defective  methods  of  tree  culture 
then  followed,  and  on  the  means  of  domesticating 
(apprivoisir)  wild  trees.  Belon  knew  that  to 
render  fully  available  the  resources  of  the  vege- 
table kingdom  plants  must  be  tamed  or  culti- 
vated, the  words  used  by  CLrsirs  in  his  trans- 
lation being  "  cicurari  et  mitescere." 

The  f'edar  of  Lebanon  is  usually  supposed  to 
have  Ijeen  introduced  into  I'rance  not  earlier  than 
1734,  but  Belon's  works  contain  a  mention  of 
the  tree  as  existing  in  France  in  1558,  or  125 
years  before  the  introduction  of  the  tree  into 
England.  The  old  Cedar  in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes 
at  Paris  was,  it  is  known,  introduced  from  Eng- 
land by  Lauhent  de  JvssiEr  in  1 7,34.  Belox 
remarks  that  the  Cedar  in  question  might  be 
tamed  (to  use  his  expression)  as  easily  as  the 
Arbor-vitie,  the  first  specimen  of  which  in 
Europe  was,  says  M.  Crie,  brought  from 
Canada  to  Francis  I. 

The  Oriental  Plane  was  first  grown  by  Belon 
at  Touvoie,  near  Mans,  from  seed  collected  by 
himself  in  the  Levant.  What  would  our  towns 
be  now  without  the  Plane  ?  He  it  was  also  who 
recommended  the  culture  of  the  opium  Poppy  in 
Europe.  In  another  place  he  advises  the  ambas- 
sadors to  foreign  countries  to  collect  and  send 
home  seeds  of  u.seful  trees,  remarking  that  in 
many  cases  the  climate  was  no  better,  or  was  even 
more  severe,  than  in  France.  It  appears  that  in 
Belon's  time  Spinach  was  a  novelty  in  European 
gardens,  and  he  seems  to  have  been  the  first 
botanist  to  mention  it. 

Tobacco  culture,  now  an  important  feature  in 
French  agriculture,  was  started  by  Belon,  seeds 
having  been  forwarded  about  1560  by  NicoT,  the 
French  Ambassador  in  Portugal  to  Catherine 
DE  Medicir,  together  with  some  snuff,  of  which 
Her  Majesty  speedily  became  fond. 

Without  entering  into  further  detail,  there- 
fore, it  is  clear  that  Professor  Ceie  and  his 
associates  are  doing  a  good  work  in  raising  a 
monument  to  the  memory  of  a  fellow-countryman, 
who  did  so  much  to  enhance  the  prosperity  and 
promote  the  adornment  of  his  native  land. 


Few  garden  scenes  even  in  our 
Arcadia.         best  places  in  the  country  convey 

the  idea  of  cultui'ed  naturalness. 
The  besetting  fault  with  us  is  artificiality,  as 
seen  in  the  smooth  tui'f  and  its  hard  smooth 
outline,  straight  or  curved ;  the  terrible  little 
extinguisher  Conifers  dotted  about,  the  formal 
Hollies,  the  bedding-out  of  most  kinds,  the 
pattern  beds.  In  how  few  places  do  we  find  any 
really  artistic  combinations  ?  How  can  it  be 
otherwise,  when  few  of  our  gardeners  have  had 
any  training  in  the  gardening  art  beyond 
learning  how  to  sow  and  propagate  in  other  ways 
the  few  plants  demanded  in  the  kitchen  and 
flower  garden — how  to  grow  Grapes,  Pines, 
Melons,  wall  fruit,  &c.  ?  At  the  Crystal  Palace, 
near  London,  we  have  scope  for  the  gardener's 
art    in    other   directions    than    those    hitherto 


pursued  there  ;  and  it  might  be  turned  to  useful 
account  by  gardeners.  There  is  much  that,  if 
it  were  done  under  the  eye  of  a  real  artist — 
a  landscape  painter  for  instance,  with  a  good 
knowledge  of  trees,  shrubs,  and  flowering  plants 
of  all  kinds  and  capable  of  devising  many  scenes 
in  those  extensive  grounds  that  would  be.  if  not 
Arcadian,  at  least  a  development  of  Nature's 
resources.  Why  do  the  Crystal  Palace  and  many 
another  park  and  garden  about  London  tire  on 
the  sight-seer  ?  It  is  undoubtedly  on  account  of 
the  dreary  monotony  of  the  arrangements  in  all 
of  them.  They  copy  each  other,  just  as  the 
gentlemen's  gardeners  in  the  country  copy  each 
other's  gardens,  till  all  variety  is  lost :  and  when 
you  have  seen  two  or  three,  you  may  say  you 
have  seen  them  all. 

The  grounds  round  the  Sydenham  glasshouse 
want  to  be  subdivided,  and  each  part  treated  in  a 
so  far  natural  but  different  manner.  This  would 
furnish  a  number  of  surprises  every  few  hundred 
yards,  and  would  add  materially  to  the  pleasures 
of  the  place.  Something  could  surely  be 
done  with  that  fearfully  hideous  sheet  of  water 
at  the  bottom  of  the  gi-onnd,  bristling  with  iron 
pipes  and  chevau.r  de  /rise  of  water  jets.  Sup- 
pose that  a  tall  fountain  or  two  were  retained, 
the  others  swept  away,  and  a  partly  rocky  par- 
terre made  with  turf,  shrubs,  perennial  plants, 
graceful  pendulous  trees,  round-headed  ones, 
group  of  Birch,  &c. — and  yet  sufficient  space  left 
for  promenaders.  As  it  is,  the  beholder  takes  in 
almost  at  a  glance  the  whole  of  the  scene  spread 
ont  before  him,  and  feels  but  little  desire  to 
explore  the  grounds,  unless  he  be  a  total  stranger. 
The  only  part  hidden  is  that  which  properly 
secludes  the  reproductions  of  fossil  animals  of 
Mr.  Waterhouse  Hawkins ;  and  these,  instead  of 
being  left  in  dignified  repose,  as  befits  them,  are 
surrounded  by  the  incongruous  noises  of  the 
playground. 


The  Gardeners'  Orphan  Fund.— A  meet- 
ing of  the  Executive  Committee  took  place  at  South 
Kensington  on  Tuesday  last,  Mr.  Geo.  Deal  pre- 
siding, and  there  being  a  good  attendance.  The 
Hon.  Secretary,  Mr.  A.  F.  Barkon,  annoanced  that 
Baron  Schroeder  had  given  a  donation  of  £25,  and 
Baron  Ferdinand  de  Kothschild,  M.P.,  one  of  £5 
to  the  Fund.  A  memorial  to  the  City  Companies 
and  to  the  Corporation  of  London  was  approved; 
also  a  list  of  suggested  Local  Secretaries,  and  a  draft 
circular  to  each  of  the  persons  invited  to  act  in  this 
capacity  was  approved  of.  A  letter  was  read  from 
Mr.  F.  Sander,  St.  Albans,  stating  it  to  be  his  inten- 
tion to  have  a  box  placed  in  his  nursery,  and  visitors 
will  be  invited  to  place  donations  to  the  Fund  in  it. 
Subscriptions,  and  the  names  of  new  subscribers,  flow 
in  dailv. 

Phylloxera  Regulations   in  Germany.— 

The  following  official  regulations  referring  to  the 
introduction  of  living  plants  into  (lemiany  have 
i)een  sent  to  us  for  publication  : — 

"  Notice  respecting  the  importation  and  exporta- 
tion of  plants  and  other  articles  from  vineyards  and 
gardens,  July  12,  1883. 

"  The  importations  of  all  seedlings,  shrubs,  and 
other  plants,  which  do  not  belong  to  the  category  of 
Vines,  coming  from  botanical  gardens,  gardens,  or 
hothouses,  shall  only  take  place  across  tlie  frontier 
of  the  Empire  at  the  following  Custom-houses: — 

"  a.  In  7?/(.«.«w. — Head  Custom-houses  at  Myslo- 
witz,  Liebau,  Danzig,  Stettin,  Flensburg.  Aix-la- 
Chapelle  (inclusive  of  the  Custom-house  office  in  the 
railway  station  at  Templerbend),  and  Emmerich 
(inclusive  of  tlie  two  Custom-house  offices  for  ships 
there) ;  the  Custom-house  office  at  the  railway 
station,  Luxemburg ;  the  sub-Custom-houses  at 
Woyens  and  Weener. 

"  b.  In  Bavaria. — Head  Custom-houses  at  Lindau, 
Passau,  Simbacli,and  Furth  (on  Bohemian  frontier); 


August  13,  1887.] 


THE     GABDEXEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


195 


sub- Custom  -  houses  at  Kufstein,  Salzburg,  and 
Eger. 

"c.  Ill  the  Kin<}(lom  of  Saxony. — Head  Custom- 
houses at  Zittau  and  Schandau  ;  sub-Custom-liouses 
at  Bodenbaeh,  Tetschen.  and  Voitersreuth. 

"rf.  Ill  Wurtcmburg. —  Head  Custom-house  at 
Friedrichsehafen. 

"  c  III  Baden. — Head  Custom-house  at  Constance ; 
Custom-house  offices  at  the  railway  stations  of 
Schaffhausen  and  Basel. 

"/.  -^'*  Alsace-Lorraine. — Sub-Custom-houses:  1, 
at  Feutsch,  Nov^ut,  Amanweiler,  Deutsch-A^Ti- 
couTt,  Chambrey,  Markirch,  Saales,  Altmiinsterol. 
Basel,  and  Diedolshausen ;  sub-Custom-House  :  2, 
at  Urbis. 

"  Notice  of  November  13.  1883. — Hamburg  Custom- 
house. 

"Notice  of  March  1,  1884.— Custom-houses  at 
Bremerhaven  and  Bremen. 

"Notice  of  May  31,  1884.— Royal  Saxon  sub- 
Custom-house  of  the  first  class  at  Reizenhain. 

"Notice  of  June  19,  18S4. —  Railway  station, 
Waldshut,  and  the  sub-Custom-house  at  Erzingen, 
in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden. 

"  Notice  of  June  8,  l.'WO.— Head  Custom-house  at 
Sackingen.  in  Grand  Ducliy  of  Baden-Baden." 

"Studies  in  Microscopical  Science."— We 

have  had  frequent  occasion  to  mention  this  excel- 
lent periodical.  Those  ivho  are  desirous  of  obtaining 
a  knowledge  of  the  elements  of  vegetable  physio- 
log}'  and  minute  anatomy  should  procure  this 
periodical  and  its  accompanying  preparations.  J.  G. 
HisraoND  &  Co.,  13(5,  Edmund  Street,  Birmingham, 
are  the  publishers. 

"The   Natural   Families   of   Plants."— 

The  last  number  of  this  German  publication,  edited 
by  Professors  Englee  and  Pkantl,  and  of  which  we 
have  before  spoken  in  terms  of  commendation,  is 
devoted  to  the  Arads,  by  Dr.  Esgleb. 

The  Dodo. — As  we  anticipated,  the  Plymouth 
Strawberry,  alluded  to  at  p.  164.  has  been  in  hiding 
for  some  time.  Canon  Ellacojiue  reminds  us  that  he 
showed  it  to  us  in  his  garden  so  long  since  as  1875. 

Irish  Natural  History.— Mr.  A.  G.  More, 

M.A.,  F.L.S.,  Sec,  who  has  done  so  much  good 
work  in  connection  with  the  natural  history  of 
Ireland,  and  who  a  few  years  ago  succeeded  the  late 
Dr.  Cabte  as  Curator  of  the  Dublin  Natural  History 
Museum,  is  about  to  resign  his  appointment  owing 
to  an  unfortunate  illness,  which  precludes  his 
exerting  himself  with  his  former  activity.  Mr. 
MoEE's  published  work  is  widely  known,  and  his 
resignation,  and  its  cause,  are  matters  of  extreme 
regret  to  his  many  scientific  friends,  ilr.  More 
wrote  the  "  Fauna  and  Flora  of  the  Isle  of  Wight  " 
in  Venable's  Guide,  1871 ;  and  in  co-operation  with 
the  late  Dr.  D.  Moobe,  of  Glasnevin,  he  produced 
the  Cybele  Hibernica,  an  elaborate  work  dealing 
with  the  presence  and  distribution  of  the  Irish 
flora.  A  ^second  edition  of  this  useful  book 
is  now  being  undertaken.  Among  Mr.  JIobe's  dis- 
coveries as  a  collector  we  may  note  Scirpus  parvulus 
and  Aira  uliginosa,  and  he  was  the  first  to  find  the 
pretty  little  Orchid  Neotinea  intacta  in  Britain.  A 
long  paper  in  the  Ibis  for  1866  deals  systematically 
with  '■  The  Distribution  of  British  Birds  during  the 
Nesting  Season,"  and  follows  Watson's  arrangement 
of  provinces  and  formulai  as  far  as  possible.  This  is 
a  most  valuable  paper,  as  also  is  one  entitled 
"  Dredging,  Ornithology,  and  Fishes  of  Ireland."  In 
the  form  of  guidebooks  Jlr.  More  has  WTitten  A 
List  oj  Irish  Birds,  showing  the  species  contained  in 
the  Natm-al  HistoiT  JInseum,  Dublin,  as  also  a 
Guide  to  the  Vertebrate  Animals,  Part  I.  containing 
the  mammals  and  birds.  During  his  twenty  years 
service  in  the  Dublin  Museum  Mr.  Mobe  has  en- 
deared himself  to  many  by  his  geniality,  and  by  his 
willing  help  freely  given  to  other  naturalists,  all  of 
whom  regret  the  cause  of  his  resignation,  and  at  pre- 
sent he  is  the  highest  authority  and  historian  on  the 
plants  of  Ireland. 

The  York  and  Lancaster   Rose.— At  the 

Scientific  Committee,  on  a  recent  occasion.  Dr. 
Lowe   exhibited   a   Rose   with   a  white   and   a  red 


flower  growing  from  the  same  stalk.  Such  instances 
are  well  known  to  the  curious  in  such  matters  ;  but 
Dr.  Loaves  point  was,  that  this  was  the  original 
York  and  Lancaster  Rose,  substantiating  his  opinion 
by  that  of  the  late  Rev.  H.  Ellacombe,  whose 
opinion  in  such  matters  would  have  very  great 
weight.  Turning,  however,  to  Parkixson.  we  find 
the  following  entry,  which  bears  ont  the  popular 
notion : — 

"  Rosa  versicolor,   the   party-coloured  Rose,  of 
s03ie  yorke  axd  lancaster. 

"This  Rose,  in  the  forme  .and  order  of  the  grow- 
ing, is  neerest  unto  the  ordinary  damaske  Rose,  both 
for  stemme,  branch,  leafe,  and  flower ;  tlie  diflerence 
consisting  in  this — that  the  flower  (being  of  the 
same  largenesse  and  doublenesse  as  the  damaske  Rose) 
hath  the  one  halfe  of  it,  sometimes  of  a  pale  whitish 
colour,  and  the  other  halfe  of  a  paler  damaske  colour 
than  the  ordinary ;  this  happeueth  so  many  times, 
and  sometimes  also  the  flower  hath  divers  stripes 
and  markes  in  it,  as  one  leafe  white,  or  striped  with 
white,  and  the  other  halfe  blush,  or  striped  with  blush  ; 
sometimes  also  all  striped,  or  spotted  over,  and  other 
times  little  or  no  stripes  or  markes  at  all,  as  Nature 
listeth  to  play  with  varieties,  in  this  as  in  other 
flowers.  Yet  this  I  have  observed,  that  the  longer 
it  abideth  blowen  open  in  the  sun  the  paler  and  the 
fewer  stripes,  markes,  or  spots  will  be  scene  in  it : 
the  smell  whereof  is  of  a  weake  damaske  Rose  sent." 
Parkinson's  Paradism,  p.  414. 

Shakespeare  evidently  had  two  Roses  in  view,  as 
may  be  seen  from  the  following  extract  from 
Henry  VI.,  Part  I.,  act  ii.,  sc.  4  :— 

"  Temple  Gardens. 
"  Plantagenet.  Since  you  are  tongue-tied  and  so  loath 
to  speak. 
In  dumb  significants  proclaim  your  thoughts. 
Let  him  that  is  a  true-born  gentleman 
And  stands  upon  the  honour  of  his  birth. 
If  he  suppose  that  I  have  pleaded  truth 
From  off  this  Brier  pluck  a  wliite  Rose  with  me. 


that 


no    coward    nor    no 


Somerset.  Let   hii 

flatterer. 

But  dare  maintain  the  party  of  the  truth. 
Pluck  a  red  Rose  from  off  this  Thorn  with  me." 


Conifer  Nomenclature.— At  the  time  of  the 

International  Horticultural  Exhibition  lately  held 
in  Dresden,  a  congress  was  held,  under  the  pre- 
sidency of  Herr  Hofmarschall  vox  St.  Paul,  to 
consider  the  establishment  of  a  system  of  uniform 
nomenclature  for  Conifers.  In  order  to  effect  this, 
says  the  Garteiiflora,  Garden-Inspector  Beissnee 
(Brunswick)  drew  up  a  classified  catalogue  of  all  the 
species  and  forms  of  Conifers  that  are  hardy  in 
Germany.  It  is  claimed  for  this  list  that  it  can  be 
understood  at  first  sight,  and  that  it  makes  confusion 
an  impossibility.  In  trade  catalogues,  for  example, 
it  is  usually  found  that  the  plants  are  either  arranged 
in  alphabetical  order,  or  else  that  Pines,  Larches, 
Firs,  Hemlocks,  Douglas  Firs,  and  "white"  Firs,  are 
all  to  be  found  under  Finns,  or  the  last  four  under 
Abies,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  understand  what 
plant  is  really  meant.  In  the  classification  adopted 
by  Beissner  the  "  white "  Firs,  Firs,  &c.,  are  not 
only  divided  into  species,  but  also  into  varieties  : 
they  are  arranged  accurately  according  to  their 
species,  and  as  the  synonyms  are  also  given,  no 
difficulty  is  found  in  recognising  a  plant.  The  clas- 
sification is  mainly  based  on  Bentham  and  Hooker's 
Genera  Plantaruiii,  includes  the  most  modern  scien- 
tific researches  on  the  subject,  and  gives  the  origin 
of  the  species  in  the  manner  most  approved  of  by 
recent  investigators.  The  Conifera^  group  is  divided 
into  six  great  divisions — Cupressineaj,  Taxodieai, 
Taxeie,  Podocarpea;,  Araucaria^.  Abietinea: ;  and 
these  again  into  forty  genera.  It  was  unanimouslv 
decided  that  Herr  Beissxeb's  nomenclature  answers 
the^presentj  necessity,  and  Herr  Hofmarschall  vox 
St.  Paul,  Beissner,  and  Z.abel,  were  authorised 
to  give  the  greatest  possible  publicity  to  this  mode 
of  classification.  To  perfect  Herr  Beissner's  cata- 
logue, a  register  of  the  mean  winter  temperature, 
and  an  alphabetical  index,  are  to  be  added,  which 
latter  will  greatly  facilitate   the   discovery   of  the 


innumerable  synonyms.  The  pamphh't  is  to  he  sold 
at  a  reasonable  price,  so  as  to  be  accessible  to  every- 
body. 

Flower  Farming  in  Southern  France.— 

The  following  note  on  the  flower-farms  of  Southern 
France  is  from  a  recent  Consular  Report  on  the  trade 
of  the  district  of  Nice  for  1880 : — The  cultivation  at 
Nice,  and  other  places  in  this  district,  of  flowers  for 
exportation  to  the  North  during  the  winter  months 
is  on  the  steady  increase.  This  industry  is  a  great 
resource  for  this  district,  flower  gardens  having 
superseded  Olive  groves  in  many  places  since  the 
five  years  failure  of  the  Olive  crop  up  to  1885.  Its 
origin  is  due  in  great  measure  to  the  well  known 
Nicois  author,  Alphonse  Ivarr,  who  brought  his 
scientific  lore  and  artistic  .skill  to  bear  on  the 
cultivation  of  flowers  in  his  now  famous  gar- 
dens at  Nice  and  St.  Raphael  for  foreign  exporta- 
tion. His  example  has  been  steadily  followed,  and 
now  extensive  companies  have  been  floated  for  the 
growth  and  exportation  of  the  most  exquisite  and 
varied  kinds  of  flowers  to  supply  the  markets  of  the 
Northern  capitals  during  the  winter.  Special  facilities 
have  been  granted  by  the  Paris-Lyon-Mediterran& 
Railway  Company  for  their  rapid  conveyance  North. 
The  growth  of  Orange  flowers,  Roses,  Jasmine,  and 
Tuberoses,  for  perfumer}',  is  also  steadily  increasing 
in  this  department,  and  most  favourable  results  have 
been  obtained  during  the  year. 

"BotanicalMagazine."— The  August  number 
contains  illustrations  of  the  following  plants: — 

Rhododendron  grande  var.  roseum.  Hook,  fil.,  t. 
6948. — A  deep  rose-coloured  variety  of  the  Rhododen- 
dron introduced  by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  from  Sikkim, 
and  at  one  time  known  as  R.  argenteum. 

Eseallonia  revoluta,  Persoon,  t.  6949. — An  autumn 
flowering  shrub,  with  small  ovate,  pubescent  leaves 
and  terminal  spikes  of  narrow  tubular  white  flowers. 
It  is  a  native  of  Chile,  and  is  figured  from  the  Cam- 
bridge Botanic  Garden. 

Narerissus  cyclamineits,  Hawokth,  t.  6950. 

Alseimmia  maerophylla,  t.  6951.— A  New  Zealand 
shrub,  with  opposite,  stalked,  oblong-lanceolate,  ser- 
rate leaves,  and  axillary  tufts  of  rather  large,  trumpet- 
shaped  fragrant  flowers ;  the  corolla-lobes  are  serrated. 
Some  difficulty  has  hitherto  been  experienced  to  cul- 
tivate this  shrub,  but  it  has  been  recently  introduced 
by  Mr.  Loder,  who  sent  two  plants  to  Kew,  one  of 
which  flowered  in  February  of  the  present  year. 

Ipoiiupa  Robertsii,  t.  6952. — A  new  species,  described 
by  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  having  cordate,  acute,  vel- 
vetty  leaves.  The  flowers  are  large,  trumpet-shaped, 
white,  with  broad  central  lilac  stripes  in  the  centre 
of  each  petal.     It  is  a  native  of  Queensland. 

Royal  Agricultural  and  Botanical  So- 
ciety OF  Ghent. — On  September  4  and  5  next, 
the  Society  will  hold  an  exhibition  of  Dahlias, 
Gloxinias,  Gladioli,  Pinks,  Marguerites,  and  tuber- 
ous Begonias  ;  and  on  November  13  and  14  an  exhi- 
bition of  Chrysanthemums.  These  exhibitions  are 
open  to  all  comers.  M.  Edmond  Claus,  Assistant- 
Secretary  to  the  Society,  20,  Rue  Digne  de  Brabant, 
Ghent,  should  be  communicated  with  on  the  subject 
by  those  who  intend  to  exhibit. 

Forage  Plants. — LTnder  the  title  of  Plants 
that  Furnish  Stock  Food  at  the  Cape,  Professor 
Macowan  has  published  a  little  pamphlet  relating 
to  the  plants  suitable  for  sheep  sustenance  in  South 
Africa.  Of  these  the  most  valuable  are  Pentzia 
virgata,  Adenachcena  parvifolia,  Diplopappus  filifo- 
lius.  The  culture  of  a  spineless  variety  of  Opuntia 
is  recommended  for  dry  situations,  as  well  as  various 
Chenopods,  such  as  species  of  Atriplex  and  Jlesem- 
bryanthemums.  Those  who  have  to  deal  with  stock 
feeding  in  a  drv  and  barren  land  should  read  this 
serviceable  pamphlet. 

Monograph  of  Amaryllidace>e.  —  Culti- 
vators and  others  interested  in  bulbous  plants  will 
be  pleased  to  learn  that  Mr.  J.  G.  Baker,  F.R.S.,  of 


196 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHI?  ONI  CLE. 


[AuocsT  13,  1887. 


the  Koyal  Gardens,  Kew,  has  prepared  a  monograpli 
in  English  of  the  whole  of  the  plants  comprised  in 
the  great  Amaryllis  order,  and  which  will  shortly  be 
published.  Mr.  B.4ker  has  done  a  great  deal  more 
than  most  botanists  of  that  kind  of  work  which 
gardeners  can  appreciate  as  well  as  botanists,  and 
in  preparing  the  above  work  he  renders  gardeners  an 
especial  service,  for  which  we  are  sure  tliey  will  be 
grateful.  The  Amaryllis  family  includes  hosts  of 
beautiful  garden  plants,  many  of  which,  howevei-, 
owing  partly  to  our  ignorance  of  them,  and  partly  to 
the  confusion  of  their  nomenclature,  rendering  it 
impossible  for  one  to  '*  get  the  grip "  of  them,  are 
almost  unknown  in  gardens.  That  this  is  the  case 
we  may  quote  as  evidence  the  opinion  of  one  authority 
on  garden  bulbs,  who,  when  asked  if  such  a  work  could 
be  prepared,  said  that  both  he  and  another  bulb  enthu- 
siast had  concluded  that  it  was  impossible.  But  Mr. 
Baker  has  accomplished  it,  and  we  may  be  certain 
that  he  has  done  it  as  thoroughly  as  he  did  the 
Ferns,  Irids,  Pseonies,  Cyclamens,  and  hosts  of  other 
valuable  work,  with  which  our  columns  have  been 
enriched. 

Manchester  Botanic  and  Horticultural 

Society. — A  grand  autumnal  fruit  and  flower  show 
will  be  held  in  the  Koyal  Jubilee  Exhibition  Build- 
ing on  the  16th  and  17th  of  next  month.  Schedules 
will  shortly  be  issued,  and  may  be  had  from  Mr. 
Bkuce  Eindlay,  Botanic  Garden,  Manchester. 

ArABIS  ALPINA  in  SkyE.— Mr.  H.  C.  Haht,  a 
thoroughly  competent  observer,  announces  in  the 
Jotirnal  of  Botmiy  the  discoveiy  of  this  plant  on  one 
of  the  mountains  of  Skye. 

Strawberries  in  Manitoba.— The  Canadian 

correspondent  of  the  Liverpool  Journal  of  Commerce 
says ; — "  That  small  fruit  can  be  successfully  gro\vn 
in  Manitoba  has  been  settled  by  the  experience  of  a 
great  many  people.  A  sample  of  the  berries  was 
sold  at  Winnipeg,  at  30  cents  per  quart.  Currants, 
Gooseberries,  Raspberries,  and  Blackberries  all  do 
well." 

Karl  Meyer.— The  death  of  this  gentleman  in 
his  eighty-third  year  is  announced  as  having  occurred 
on  July  14.  Mr.  Meyee  was  the  Director  of  the 
Grand  Ducal  Gardens  at  Karlsruhe. 

The  Royal  Botanic  Society.— The  forty- 
eighth  anniversary  meeting  was  held  at  the  Gardens, 
Regent's  Park,  on  Wednesday  last,  Mr.  J.  P.  Gassiot, 
Vice-President,  in  the  chair.  The  annual  reports  fi'om 
the  Council  and  auditors  congratulated  the  Fellows  on 
the  satisfactory  condition  of  the  Society,  the  elections 
of  new  Fellows  beiug  thirty-six  above  the  number 
joining  last  year,  and  also  in  excess  of  those  of  1884 
and  1885.  The  total  receipts,  £6581,  also  much  ex- 
ceeded last  year.  The  visitors,  not  only  on  ordinary 
days,  but  at  the  fetes,  &c.,  were  also  much  in  excess. 
The  collections  of  trees,  shrubs,  exotic  and  other 
plants  have  been  maintained  in  perfect  health  and 
vigour,  while  many  new  and  rare  plants,  fruits,  seeds, 
&c.,  from  various  parts  of  the  world  have  been  added. 
In  the  Meteorological  Department,  the  favourable 
situation  of  the  station  and  the  general  reliability  of 
the  instruments,  are  making  the  readings  of  greater 
value  and  more  sought  after  each  year. 

Cinchona   Culture   in   Victoria.  —  Many 

years  ago  plants  of  several  specii'S  of  Cinchona  were 
reared  and  distributed  for  test  culture  in  the  colony 
of  Victoria  by  Baron  voN  Mueller.  Among  these 
some  were  entrusted  to  Mr.  G.  W.  Robinson,  of  the 
Western  Port  District,  who  cultivated  them,  with 
many  otiier  industrial  plants,  at  his  estate  near 
Berwick,  which  is  more  forestral,  and  has  a  milder 
climate,  than  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Melbourne. 
Some  years  since  Mr.  Robinson's  plants  not  only 
produced  flowers,  but  ripened  seeds  also,  from 
which  seedlings  were  raised.  We  learn  now,  with 
interest,  that  an  analysis  of  the  bark  of  these  Ber- 
wick trees  by  Mr.  W.  E.  Matthews  gave  the  per- 
centage of  alkaloids  as  6,}.     This  fact  is  significant. 


as  it  is  thereby  demonstrated  for  the  first  time  that 
Cinchonas  grown  in  lowlands  will  also  produce  a  fair 
quantity  of  alkaloids,  so  that  the  culture  of  these 
valuable  plants  has  also  for  commercial  purposes  a 
far  wider  scope  than  was  generally  anticipated.  The 
village  of  Berwick  belongs  quite  to  the  coast  region, 
it  being  only  about  100  feet  above  the  sea-level, 
while  its  distance  from  Melbourne  is  less  than 
thirty  miles. 

A  Fire,  presumably  caused  by  a  spark  from  a 
traction  engine,  raged  for  some  days  on  the  estate 
of  Mr.  W.  E.  Brymer,  High  Sheriff  of  Dorset,  at 
Ilsington,  on  the  road  from  Dorchester  to  Wareham. 
A  large  number  of  men  were  engaged  endeavouring 
to  subdue  the  outbreak.  In  this  they  were  not 
successful  until  an  area  comprising  nearly  two  miles 
had  been  destroyed.  An  extensive  Pine  wood,  several 
miles  in  extent,  and  adjoining  the  heath,  was  saved 
only  by  the  merest  chance.  A  favourable  wind  for- 
tunately aiding  the  eflforts  of  the  men.  a  block  of 
farm  buildings,  stored  witli  valuable  agi'ieultural  pro- 
duce and  iiu])lemcnts,  narrowly  escaped. 


Trade  Notices, 

The  business  carried  on  for  so  many  years  by  the 
l.ate  Louis  de  Smet  at  Ghent  is.  we  are  informed, 
continued  by  his  son,  Arthur  de  Smet,  under  the 
same  title,  Louis  de  Smet,  Ledeberg,  near  Ghent. — A 
receiving  order  was  made  on  July  30,  against  Samuel 
Eliott,  of  Saint's  Hill,  Alphington,  and  the  Exeter 
Nursery,  carrying  on  business  as  a  nurseri'man,  under 
the  style  of  Lucombe,  Pince  &  Co. 


DEVIZES   CASTLE. 

(See  Supplementaby  Sheet.) 
Devizes  Castle  stands  in  a  very  romantic  and 
pleasing  position,  and  is,  indeed,  well  adapted  for  a 
gentleman's  residence.  Very  fine  views  of  the  sur- 
rounding country  are  obtained  from  the  grounds ;  on 
a  fine  clear  morning  the  spire  of  Steeple  Ashton 
Church  is  plainly  visible,  though  some  miles  distant. 
At  one  time  Devizes  Castle  was  the  "  goodliest "  and 
most  "  sumptuous "  in  England.  It  was  built  by 
Roger,  Bishop  of  Old  Sarum,  who  had  a  curious  and 
chequered  history.  The  Castle  itself  had  as  chequered 
a  histoiy,  and  at  one  time  was  used  as  a  state  prison. 
The  antiquary  Leland,  who  visited  Devizes  in  the 
year  1540,  said  that  a  great  portion  of  it  had  fallen 
into  ruin,  the  material  having  been  used  for  other 
buildings  in  the  town  of  Devizes.  A  remarkable 
part  of  the  Castle  was  the  keep,  which  has  been 
thro^vn  open  by  the  present  owner,  Robert  Valentine 
Leach,  Esq.,  who  resides  at  his  Villa  Valentina, 
Bordighera,  in  Italy,  This  gentleman  has  built  a 
splendid  residence,  in  the  form  of  a  castle,  on  the 
ancient  site,  and  laid  out  the  grounds. 

The  pleasure  grounds  at  the  Castle  can  be  seen  at 
their  best  just  now,  the  beds  of  flowers  on  the  slopes 
contrasting  well  with  tlie  lovely  green  of  the  foliage 
which  abounds.  The  Trefoil  bed  in  the  centre  of 
the  lawn  is  planted  with  zonal  Pelargonium  Henri 
.Jacoby ;  large  plants  were  used  for  all  the  centres, 
finishing  off  with  short  ones  as  margins  :  each  seg- 
ment of  the  Trefoil  bed  thus  forms  a  mound,  edged 
with  Echeveria  secunda  glauca.  A  bed  which  occu- 
pies the  site  of  the  old  banquetting  hall,  54  feet  in 
length  and  9  feet  in  width,  is  filled  witli  bedding 
Calceolaria  Golden  Gem,  and  dotted  all  over  with  a 
very  dark-leaved  variety  of  Ricinus  communis,  and 
the  effect  is  remarkably  good.  Other  beds  are  filled 
with  various  Calceolarias,  pink  Pelargoniums,  and 
such  scarlet-flowered  varieties  as  General  Havelock, 
David  Thomson,  Dr.  Orton,  and  others.  A  border 
by  what  is  known  as  the  Rampart  Walk  is  filled  with 
subtropical  plants,  such  as  Palms,  variegated  Aloes, 
Ficus  elastica,  tall  plants  of  Echeveria  metallica,  &c. 
There  are  to  be  seen  some  nice  specimens  of  Conifers, 
such  as  Cupressus  Lawsoniana,  Thuiopsis  dolabrata 
variegata,  and  a  Wellingtonia  that  Mr.  Thomas 
King,  the  gardener  at  the  Castle,  planted  out  of  a 


small  flower-pot  in  the  year  1861  ;  it  is  now  54  feet 
in  height,  and  measures  12  feet  round  the  trunk 
1  foot  from  the  ground. 

No  description  of  the  garden  can  be  complete 
without  some  mention  of  the  I\'y  banks  and  walls 
which  give  so  much  character  to  the  ruins  of  the 
old  Castle.  They  are  literally  hidden  from  view  by 
this  "rare  old  plant,"  and  winter  and  summer  alike 
they  furnish  matter  of  welcome  green.  The  banks 
of  Pernettya  mucronata  are  a  feature  in  the  Castle 
garden  also. 

Close  by  is  a  dome-shaped  conseiTatory,  connected 
with  the  Castle  by  means  of  a  corridor  ;  in  the  con- 
servatory there  are  some  fine  specimen  Palms,  Ferns, 
Cycas  revoluta.  Fuchsias,  7  and  8  feet  in  height, 
and  full  of  bloom ;  and  such  climbing  plants  as 
Lapagerias  and  Tacsonias.  On  the  roof  there  is  a 
plant  of  the  old  Fuchsia  corallina.  which  is  very 
showy  at  the  blooming  time. 

The  kitchen  garden  is  on  the  south  side  of  the 
Castle,  and  is  in  the  form  of  terrace  above  terrace. 
There  are  four  vineries,  planted  with  such  sorts  of 
Grapes  as  Black  Hamburgh,  Muscat,  and  Alicante, 
and  Mr.  King  is  able  to  cut  the  former  at  3^  lb. 
weight,  and  the  latter  at  0.}  lb.  The  early  Peach- 
house  is  50  by  14  feet,  and  is  planted  with  the 
American  Alexander  Peach  and  Lord  Napier,  and 
fruit  of  the  former  fetch  in  London,  in  April,  60s. 
per  dozen.  The  second  Peach-house  is  50  feet  long, 
and  is  planted  with  Hale's  Early,  Dr.  Hogg,  and 
Bellegarde  Peaches  and  Humboldt  Nectarine.  The 
third  house  is  100  by  15  feet,  with  the  trees  planted 
back  and  front,  of  the  best  sorts  and  in  the  best 
health.  The  fourth  Peach-house  is  64  feet  long, 
and  contains  good  trees  of  the  Dymond,  Princess 
of  Wales,  and  the  Nectarine  Peaches,  and  one  tree 
of  Balgowan  Nectarine.  There  are  other  small  houses 
for  plants,  propagating  purposes,  &c. 

Strawberries  do  well  at  Devizes.  Mr.  King  gets 
his  young  plants  all  the  way  from  Driffield,  as  he 
finds  by  experience  it  is  best  to  have  the  young 
))lants  from  a  distance.  The  sorts  that  do  best  are 
Dr.  Hogg,  President,  and  Sir  Joseph  Paxton.  In  this 
garden,  owing  to  its  sunny,  sheltered  position,  Straw- 
berries come  verA'  early  in  the  open. 

Mr.  Thomas  King,  who  has  charge  of  the  gardens, 
is  one  of  the  best  known  gardeners  in  the  West  of 
England,  and  is  greatly  esteemed  among  his  brother 
gardeners,  and  by  all  who  know  him.  He  came  to 
Devizes  Castle  in  the  year  1860,  having  been  recom- 
mended by  the  late  Mr.  Robert  Pince,  in  whose 
nursery  at  Exeter  he  was  employed.  He  has  been 
steward  as  well  as  gardener  of  the  estate  for  tlie  past 
eight  vears. 


HOLLYHOCKS. 

Those  of  our  readers  who  were  present  at  the 
two  latest  shows  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society' 
could  not  have  done  otherwise  than  notice  the 
Hollyhocks  exhibited  on  both  occasions  by  Mr. 
J.  Blundell,  The  Nurseries,  Kartell  Road,  West 
Dulwich,  S.E..  whose  fine  blooms  and  spikes  show 
that  Hollyhocks  may  still  be  had  of  as  fine  quality 
and  of  as  large  size  as  in  days  now  gone  by,  before 
the  dreadful  disease  which  almost  expelled  these 
plants  from  our  gardens  became  prevalent.  We  have 
recently  visited  the  grounds  where  Mr.  Blundell 
grows  his  plants,  and  where  he  has  at  the  present 
moment  large  supplies  of  plants  in  all  stages  of 
growth,  both  from  cuttings  and  seeds. 

Hollyhocks,  especially  the  double  sorts,  are  very 
effective  planted  at  the  back  of  any  flower  border, 
and  backed  again  by  tall  growing  shrubs,  or 
trees  of  any  sort.  At  Dulwich  it  is  found  that  a 
capital  soil  is  to  be  made  by  the  emplovment  of  what  is 
known  as  sewer-siind,  which  is  added  to  good  loam  with 
a  little  leaf-mould  and  cliarcoal — a li.eht  porous,  soil. 
Although  of  course  severely  burnt  by  the  recent  spell 
of  almost  tropical  heat  and  great  dryness  we  have  had 
near  London,  the  Hollyhocks  under  notice  formed  a 
fine  show,  and  spoke  well  of  what  had  been.  We  took 
special  note  of  the  varieties  which  struck  us  as  being 
particularly  good,  and  the  following  is  a  selection 
of  those  which  could  be  grown  with  profit : — 

Mrs.  Charman,  pale  cinnamon-buff  in  colour,  and 
of  a  good  form,  with  fairly  prominent  guards ;  Prin- 


AcGosT  13,  1887.] 


TEE     GAJRDENEB3'     CHRONICLE. 


197 


cess  Beatrice,  pale  primrose,  and  good  guards ;  Ethel 
Blundell,  very  pale  primrose-butF:  all  of  which  are 
new  sorts.  Princess  of  Wales,  certificated  last  year, 
is  a  good  sort,  salmon-pink,  and  of  good  compact 
form.  A  pure  white  variety  has  the  name  of 
Venus,  and  it  promises  to  be  useful  for 
wreath  work,  &c. ;  it  is  the  best  and  purest 
white  which  we  saw ;  there  is  certainly  a  tinge 
of  yellow  in  it,  but  it  is  very  slight ;  the  guard 
petals  in  this  variety  are  large  and  full.  The  first 
crimson  may  be  put  down  as  A.  F.  Barron,  which 
shows  up  remarkably  well  when  the  sunlight  is 
playing  on  it.  Closely  related  to  this  is  Shirley 
Hibberd,  a  very  serviceable  kind.  Henry  Irving  is  a 
good  purplish  flower,  but  the  lighter  colours  are  more 
satisfactory  than  these  darker  ones — at  least,  so  our 
inclination  runs.  A  bright  one  is  Aurea,  golden- 
yellow,  with  very  good  guards  ;  and  Mary  Anderson 
is  a  good  cream;  while  for  peculiar  colouring,  Miss 
Ronpell,  bronze,  tipped  with  golden-yellow,  is  effec- 
tive. Miss  Anstey  is  a  decorative  sort,  with  large 
guards  and  a  fairly  well-filled  centre,  flesh  colour, 
and  produces  flowers  freely.  Helen  is  white,  with 
lake  base  ;  it  is  a  pretty  sort,  but  selfs  are  better. 
Several  seedlings  were  also  noticed  which  pro- 
mise to  be  good  varieties.  This  is  a  list  of 
some  few  sorts. 

Why  not  grow  more  Hollyhocks  ?  We  believe 
an  advance  is  being  made,  but  the  disease  frightens 
many  people.  If,  by  any  ill-luck,  it  appears,  do 
not  hesitate,  but  immediately  burn  all  the  affected 
plants.  Mr.  Blundell  says  ;  "  Don't  coddle,  but  grow 
the  young  plants  up  as  hardily  as  possible."  And 
with  him  his  plan  is  certainly  a  success.  There  is 
A  maggot  which  attacks  the  flower  just  when  the 
seed  is  forming,  and  those  who  want  to  save  seed 
must  pay  close  attention  to  its  ravages,  pulling  out 
and  burning  the  dying  petals,  when  the  maggot  will 
.also,  of  course,  be  destroyed. 

Hollyhocks  were  what  we  went  to  see,  but  we  are 
obliged  to  mention  the  fine  crop  of  ft-uit — Apples, 
Pears,  and  Plums,  especially  Victorias,  which  Mr. 
Blundell  has  ;  indeed,  it  was  found  necessary  to  give 
the  trees  support  by  propping  up  the  branches. 


special  interest  in  bricks  and  mortar,  In  a  future 
edition  we  would  recommend  the  author  to  expand 
his  remarks  on  the  question  of  rating,  and  we  should 
be  glad  to  read  the  opinion  of  so  independent  a 
thinker  on  decorative  gardening  in  association,  with 
architecture. 


Notices  of  Books. 

NouvELLE  Flore  .  .  .  des  Environs  de  Paris, 
ETC.  Par  Gaston  Bonnier  et  George  de  Layens. 
Paris:  Bailliere  (nodate  ;  received,  April,  1887). 
Though  devoted  to  the  wild  plants  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Paris  chiefly,  this  little  volume  comprises 
also  the  commoner  plants  of  central  France.  Th 
plan  adopted  consists  of  a  series  of  analytical 
tables  arranged  on  the  logical  basis  that  each  plant 
has  certain  characteristics  but  has  not  certain  others 
thus  a  plant  has  flowers,  or  it  has  none  ;  it  hag 
stamens  and  pistils  on  the  same  plant,  or  it  has  not 
and  so  forth.  Presuming  that  the  specimen  is  in  a 
sufficiently  complete  state  this  means  enables  the 
student  rapidly  and  decisively  to  arrive  at  the  name 
of  the  plant  he  requires.  In  addition  to  these  aids 
small  but  characteristic  woodcuts  are  given,  so  as  to 
reduce  the  labour  of  the  reader  as  much  as  possible. 
Of  course  the  student  must  be  prepared  to  take  some 
amout  of  trouble,  but  we  do  not  know  any  book  of 
its  kind  where  the  preliminary  labours  are  more 
lightened  than  they  are  in  this  work,  which  will  be  a 
boon  to  French  students.  For  students  of  other 
nations,  the  adoption  of  the  French  popular  names  as 
primary  instead  of  subsidiary  headings  is  a  nuisance, 
against  which  it  seems  useless  to  protest. 


Handbook  of  House  Property,  etc.  By 
Ed.  L.  Tarbuck.  (Crosby  Lockwood  &  Co,) 
An  excellent  little  manual,  dealing  with  the  laws 
affecting  land  and  houses,  the  practice  of  valuations, 
and  the  procedure  in  building  houses.  The  last 
chapter,  on  the  nature  and  applications  of  the  fine 
arts,  is  an  essay  which  may  be  read  with  gi-eat 
interest  and  general  assent  by  many  who  have  no 


KEW  NOTES. 

Plumeria  acutifolia. — This  beautiful  plant  may 
now  be  seen  in  flower  in  the  Succulent-house  at 
Kew.  It  is  related  to  the  Frangipani,  and,  like  that 
plant,  its  large  white  flowers  emit  a  delightful 
fragi-ance.  They  last  a  long  time,  the  Kew  specimen 
having  been  in  flower  nearly  a  month,  and  is  iu  flower 
still.  Usually  tlie  Plumerias  do  not  bloom  until 
they  have  attained  a  large  size — become  trees,  in  fact ; 
but  it  appears  possible,  by  certain  treatment,  to  get 
them  to  flower  at  an  early  age.  Such,  at  least,  seems 
probable  by  this  plant  at  Kew.  which  is  a  seedling 
with  an  unbranched  stem  4  feet  high,  about  five 
years  old,  and  having  a  head  of  flowers  nearly  1  foot 
across.  P.  acutifolia  is  the  Gool-achin,  or  Cara- 
cucha,  of  India,  where  it  is  commonly  planted  in 
cemeteries,  because  it  keeps  the  graves  white  with 
its  fall  of  fragrant  flowers.  The  stems  are  thick  and 
very  succulent,  and  when  wounded  they  exude  a 
milky  juice.  To  flower  Plumerias  it  is  necessary 
to  grow  them  in  a  hot,  moist,  sunny  house  all 
summer,  watering  and  syringing  them  freely ;  in 
wiuter  they  must  be  kept  quite  dry,  and  in  an  airy 
warm  house.  W. 

Pbotea  cynaroides. 

We  do  not  often  see  flowers  of  these  plants  now-a- 
days,  although  many  years  ago  they  were  favourites 
iu  almost  every  ]>lant  collection  of  any  pretensions. 
Last  year,  however,  the  above  species  was  CKhibitcd 
at  one  of  the  meetings  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society  at  South  Kensington,  and  this  year  again 
there  has  been  at  Kew  for  several  weeks  a  plant  bear- 
ing a  flower.  "  Not  one  flower,  but  many  in  one."  is 
the  superscription  of  a  picture  of  this  Protea  in  the 
"North  "Gallery,  and  such  indeed  is  the  case,  although 
the  immense  head  is  arranged  as  if  it  were  a  gigantic 
flower  composed  of  a  single  row  of  erect  petals 
enclosing  a  great  cluster  of  stamens,  aptly  likened  to 
a  huge  tassel.  At  the  Cape,  about  Graharastown, 
this  Protea  is  so  abundant,  clothing  the  sloping  hill- 
sides for  miles,  that  when  in  flower  it  is  the  object  of 
a  kind  of  pilgrimage  from  the  colonists  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood— a  sort  of  "  Chestnut  Sunday,"  in  fact. 
There  the  flowers  are  kno\vn  as  "  Honey-flowers," 
from  the  fact  that  a  sweet  saccharine  juice  is  secreted 
by  them  so  copiously  that  at  certain  times  it  may  be 
poured  out  of  the  flower-head.  The  Boers  are  said 
to  make  a  kind  of  sugar  from  this  secretion.   W. 

Bhunsvigia  v.  CnifnjM. 
The  characters  by  which  these  two  genera  are 
separated  from  each  other  do  not  appear  to  be  known 
to  the  editors  of  our  contemporary,  the  lUustratum 
Hortwole,  or  they  could  not  have  named  two  plants 
flgured  in  that  paper  Brunsvigia  (?)  Massaiana,  and 
B.  (?)  magnifica.  The  former  is  published  in  the 
number  for  the  present  month,  and  is  described  as 
having  a  large,  long-necked  bulb,  long,  broad,  chan- 
nelled, recurved  leaves,  and  large  heads  of  flowers  on 
tall  scapes.  The  flowers  are  creamy-white,  with  a 
carmine  stripe  down  the  middle  of  each  segment. 
Both  tigure  and  description  clearly  depict  a  Crinum 
of  the  C.  zeylanicum  group — possibly  a  variety  only 
of  that  species,  which  is  evidently  a  very  variable 
one.  A  variety  of  it,  flowered  recently  at  Kew,  was 
obtained  from  the  same  country  as  the  so-called 
Brunsvigia  Massaiana  is  said  to  hare  come  from,  viz., 
Zanzibar,  and  forms  of  it  are  common  all  along  the 
south-east  coast  of  Africa. 

The  figure  published  as  B.  magnifica  in  1885,  t. 
.'5.52,  represents  a  Crinum  closely  related  to  C.  zey- 
lanicum. It  also  is  described  as  having  large  bulbs, 
long  canaliculate  leaves,  rather  short  stout  scapes, 
large  heads  of  flowers,  which  are  figured  with  spread- 
ing reflexed  segments,  creamy-white,  with  a  purplish 


line  down  the  middle  of  each.  All  this  means 
Crinum,  certainly,  and  not  Brunsvigia  at  all. 

Crinuras  have  long  slender  cylindrical  flower-tubes 
formed  by  the  segments  being  united  at  the  base, 
and  narrowed  to  a  thin  pipe  down  to  the  ovary.  The 
fruit  is  succulent  and  valveless,  and  the  seeds  are 
generally  large. 

Brunsvigias  may  be  called  big  Nerines,  being  more 
like  the  plants  of  that  genus  than  Crinums.  The 
tube  is  eitlior  absent,  or,  if  present,  little  more  than 
annular,  the  segments  springing  almost  direct  from 
the  ovary;  and  the  fruit  is  a  three-cornered  turbinate 
capsule,  almost  winged.  Then  Brunsvigias  flower 
when  they  are  leafless,  exactly  as  in  Nerine,  and  of 
course  quite  different  from  what  happens  in  the  case 
of  Crinums,  especially  of  the  zeylanicum  group, 
which  make  a  cluster  of  large  leaves  before  flower- 
ing. W.  

The  Apiary. 

ROBBING. 

The  honey  season  being  now  over,  the  beekeeper 
must  look  well  to  his  liives  to  see  that  robbing  does 
not  take  nlace  ;  for  once  robbing  is  set  up  whole 
hives  may  be  destroyed.  When  I  was  gaining  my 
experience  I  took  some  honey  out  of  a  hive  in  the 
middle  of  the  day  (itself  a  very  foolish  thing  to  do  in 
the  middle  of  the  day  at  this  season),  and  put  it  into 
an  empty  hive  in  the  apiary,  blocking  up  all  entrances. 
I  then  went  out  for  a  few  hours,  thinking  all  was 
right,  and  on  returning  I  found  the  bees  had  either 
found  an  entrance  or  made  one,  and  that  every  scrap 
of  the  honey  was  gone.  Seeing  hosts  of  dead  bees 
lying  about,  I  examined  the  hives  further.  The 
next  hive  to  this  empty  one  was  not  very  strong, 
and,  taking  advantage  of  this  and  the  general  uproar, 
robbers  entered  ;  fighting  ensued,  and  every  bee  was 
turned  out  and  the  honey  removed.  In  all  the  other 
hives  fighting  had  been  carried  on  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent,  as  shown  by  the  dead  lying  in  front. 
The  disappointment  was  so  great  to  me  tliat  I 
resolved  for  the  future  to  act  more  cautiously.  I 
repeat  what  I  said  before,  as  it  is  all-important,  viz.. 
Do  not  meddle  with  the  hives  in  the  middle  of  the 
day  when  the  honey  season  is  over,  but  leave  all 
manipulations  till  the  bees  are  all  at  home  in  the 
evening.  Also  remove  the  honey  right  away  from 
the  apiary.  Do  your  extracting  in  the  evening.  It 
would  also  be  as  well  to  partially  close  the  entrances 
for  some  time  to  come,  so  as  only  to  allow  a  bee  or 
two  to  pass  at  once.  If  the  bees  are  still  very  stub- 
born there  are  other  ways  of  curing  them.  It  is  a 
good  plan  to  change  the  places  of  robbers  and  robbed 
for  a  short  time.  This  will  be  found  a  marvellous 
cure  ;  for  the  bees,  when  under  the  robbing  excite- 
ment, seem  to  forget  what  they  are  doing,  so  that 
when  the  hives  are  changed  as  above  the  robbers 
will  be  robbing  their  own  hive,  and  taking  it  into  the 
hive  they  intended  to  rob.  After  a  little  while  they 
seem  to  be  hopelessly  muddled,  like  the  man  was 
who  discovered  he  was  his  own  grandfather.  When 
this  is  the  case  remove  the  bees  to  their  proper 
stands,  and  the  robbing  propensities  will  probably  be 
cured. 

I  find  by  some  inadvertence  I  left  out  the  word 
"  quoting  "  in  my  last  article,  which  word  should  be 
read  after  the  words  British  Bee  Journal.  Walter 
Chitty,  Fcwst'y. 


PLANT    PORTRAITS. 

Alocasia  Villenectei,  Lind.  et  E.  Rodigas,  Illtts- 
trallon  Horticole,  July,  1887,  t.  21.     Borneo. 

Dendbobidm  iNFCNDiBULnM,  Lindley,  Garlenflora, 
t.  1253. 

Odontoolossum  bictonense,  Gartenjiora^  June  15» 
t.  1250,  c. 

Oncididm  hians,  Lindley,  Gartenflora,  June  15,  t. 
1250,  A,  D. 

Saxifhaga  i.ongifolia  X  COTYLEDON,  Garteiiflora, 
June  1,  1887,  t.  1249. 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  13,  1887 


SONERILAS. 

The  accompanyiug  illustration  (fig,  48)  repre- 
sents some  seedling  varieties  raised  in  the  establish- 
ment of  M.  Pynaert  van  Geert,  of  Ghent.  A  large 
number  was  raised,  varying  greatly  in  depth  of  color- 
ation. They  require  a  warm  moist  stove,  and  thrive 
best  under  a  bell-glass  placed  in  a  frame  ;  neverthe- 
less access  of  air  should  be  provided  for  by  raising 
the  edge  of  tlie  glass.  Syringing  should  be  avoided, 
as  the  leaves  are  destroyed  by  that  process.  The 
stems  of  all  the  varieties  are  of  a  pale  rose  colour, 
while  the  ovate-oblong  leaves  are  deep  green  on  the 
upper  surface,  but  variously  spotted  and  blotched 
with  white — to  such  an  extent,  indeed,  in  two  cases, 
"M.  de  Warelles"  and  "Joseph  Koch,"  that  the 
nerves  only  remain  green,  the  whole  disc  of  the  leaf 
being,  with  the  exception  named,  milky-white.  A 
coloured  illustration  of  these  varieties  is  given  in  the 
last  number  of  the  Revue  dc  I' Horticulture  Bchjc. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


boxes,  by  keeping  the  roots  well  supplied  with  tepid 
diluted  liquid  manure  when  the  plants  are  in  bearing, 
and  in  other  respects  treating  them  the  same  as 
those  growing  in  borders,  and  which,  owing  to  their 
having  more  scope  for  root  action,  will  not  require 
water  at  the  roots  so  often.  A  night  temperature  of 
from  65°  to  70°  should  be  maintained  in  the  absence 
of  severe  weather,  but  should  a  low  temperature  pre- 
vail outside,  5°  less  will  do:  70°  to  75°  during  the 
day  with  fire-heat,  running  the  temperature  up  to 
10°  higher  with  sun-heat,  and  plenty  of  atmospheric 
moisture  in  the  house  at  shutting  up  time,  early  in 
the  afternoon.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford  Castle. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


MoRELLO  Cherries. — Whatever  fruit  is  required 
for  bottling  purposes  it  should  not  be  allowed  to 
hang  too  long  on  the  trees  ;  the  best  time  for  gather- 
ing for  this  purpose  being  when  the  fruit  is  changing 
from  the  light  to  the  dark  colour.  In  gathering,  take 
the  forwardest  fruits,  so  that  the  later  ones  can  be  kept 
hanging  as  long  as  possible  for  culinary  and  dessert 
purposes.     Peaches  and  Nectarines  that  are  ripening 


late  Thomas  Moore.  We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Pynaert, 
of  Ghent,  for  the  opportunity  of  presenting  oui' 
readers  with  an  engraving  of  the  novelty  (fig.  49). 


Home  Correspondence. 


DROUGHT  EXPERIENCES.— I  should  think  most 
observers  of  the  effects  of  the  present  season's 
drought  must  have  noted  tlie  interesting  fact  that,  on 
the  whole,  trees  of  most  kinds  seem  to  have  thriven 
and  made  excellent  growth.  During  some  previous 
summers  I  have  seen  trees — Limes  especially — half 
defoliated  by  this  time,  and  drooping  in  the  most 
emphatic  way.  So  far  from  that  being  the  case  now, 
Limes  look  fresh  and  vigorous,  and  all  kinds  of  trees 
seem  to  have  made  excellent  summer  growth  ; 
indeed,  I  may  say  that  trees  generally  have  shown 
no  evidences  whatever  of  drought.  Two  years  since 
a  couple  of  Pear  trees  growing  near  an  Ash  tree  were 
nearly  killed  by  drought,  the  foliage  literally  wither- 
ing up.     The  Ash  tree  is  now  much  bigger,  but  the 


CucujinEits. — Now,  and  again  at  the  beginning  of 
next  month,  make  a  sowing  of  RoUisson's  Telegraph, 
a  variety  which  still  holds  its  place  against  all  comers 
as  the  best  variety  of  Cucumber  for  winter  culti- 
vation. The  seeds  should  be  sown  singly  in  3-inch 
pots,  three-parts  filled  with  light  mould ;  plunge  in  a 
Cucumber  bed,  or  place  on  a  shelf  near  the  glass  in  a 
forcing-house,  a  square  of  glass  being  set  over  the  pots 
until  the  seedling  plants  come  up  ;  the  plants  should 
be  top-dressed  a  few  days  later.  Shift  them  into 
larger  pots  as  they  require  more  room  at  the  roots, 
:and  plant  out  or  finally  shift  into  pots  or  boxes,  as 
the  case  may  be  ;  for  the  latter  the  soil  may  be  three 
parts  of  light  loam,  one  part  of  peat  and  horse- 
droppings,  with  suflicient  charcoal  to  keep  the  whole 
in  an  open  state.  When  the  plants  are  to  be  grown  in 
bedsput  3  or  4  inches  thick  of  old  brick  rubble  overthe 
pipes,  the  finest  on  the  top,  for  drainage.  This  done, 
the  mounds,  consisting  of  the  ingredients  indicated, 
■should  be  formed  thereon  at  3  feet  apart  and  about 
12  or  13  inches  high,  and  the  plants,  which  should  be 
thorouglily  moist  at  the  roots  before  being  turned 
out  of  the  pots,  set  therein.  The  soil  should 
be  pressed  moderately  firm  about  the  roots,  and 
afterwards  be  watered  with  tepid  water  to  settle  the 
soil  about  the  roots.  Shade  the  plants  from  bright  sun- 
shine until  the  roots  have  taken  to  the  soil,  after  which 
time  it  should  be  discontinued.  Syringe  the  plants 
overhead  morning  and  afternoon  on  bright  days,  to 
prevent  the  attacks  of  red-spider,  and  ventilate 
freely  during  favourable  weather  to  secure  a  short- 
jointed  sturdy  growth  in  the  plants,  to  each  of  which 
a  stick  should  be  put  for  support  and  secured  to  the 
trellis,  which  should  not  be  nearer  to  the  glass  than 
15  inches.  As  the  roots  push  through  the  .sides  of 
the  mound  add  2  inches  thick  of  the  same  compost 
as  that  in  which  the  plants  are  growing,  and  continue 
to  make  such  additions  until  the  intervening  space 
is  filled  with  soil.  The  base  of  the  plants  and  the 
soil  within  6  inches  should,  however,  be  left 
2  inches  higher  than  that  between  the  plants, 
to  prevent  the  stems  and  soil  immediately  sur- 
rounding them  from  becoming  too  damp  by  the 
lodgment  of  water.  If  this  simple  precautionary 
measure  were  more  generally  observed  in  the  plant- 
ing of  Cucumbers  and  Melons,  less  would  be  heard 
of  the  plants  being  affected  with  canker.  Should, 
however,  this  disease  attack  the  plants,  a  mixture 
of  fresh  lime  and  soot  rubbed  into  the  affected 
portion  of  the  stems  will  arrest  its  further  progress, 
but  as  it  is  best  not  to  await  the  approach  of  the 
disease  before  taking  action  to  repel  it,  a  little 
powdered  charcoal  should  be  placed  around  the 
collar  of  the  plants  as  a  preventive.  If  the  supply 
of  Cucumbers  can  be  kept  up  for  a  time  from  other 
sources,  such  as  plants  in  frames  or  houses,  it  will 
be  advisable  to  allow  the  plants  to  reach  the  top 
wire  of  the  trellis  before  stopping  them,  and  to  keep 
all  the  young  fruits  picked  off  until  the  trellis  is 
well  covered,  but  not  overcrowded,  with  short- 
jointed  shoots,  which  then  may  be  allowed  to 
bear  sufficient  fruit  to  meet  this  demand  for  the 
same,  remembering  that  the  greatest  strain  is  gener- 
ally brought  to  bear  on  the  strength  of  the  plants 
from  the  middle  of  December  to  the  middle  of 
March.  A  good  supply  of  Cucumbers  may  also 
be  obtained  from  plants  grown  in  12-inch  pots  or 


Fig.  48. — vabieties  of  sonekilas. 


their  fruits  should  now  receive  their  last  root-water- 
ing, and  the  use  of  the  syringe  must  be  discontinued 
till  after  the  fruit  is  gathered. 

Apricots. — Where  it  is  desired  to  lengthen  out  the 
supply  of  these  fruit,  and  the  trees  are  planted  on 
one  aspect  only,  some  may  be  partially  exposed 
and  others  left  shaded  by  their  foliage.  Woodlice 
are  very  troublesome  when  these  fruits  are  ripening, 
and  when  this  is  the  case  the  branches  bearing  fruit 
may  be  pegged  out  from  the  wall.  The  fruit  should 
be  kept  in  the  fruit-room  a  day  or  two  after  gather- 
ing before  using  for  dessert,  so  as  to  allow  of  the 
thorough  ripening  of  the  base.  E.  }Vard,  Heweli, 
Bromsgrove. 


ADIANTUM  FEAGEANTISSIMUM. 

This  is  a  very  handsome  Fern,  quite  distinct  from 
anything  previously  known  in  cultivation.  The 
fronds  are  from  1  foot  to  15  inches  long,  exclusive  of 
the  stipes,  which  must  add  another  5  or  6  inches 
to  their  height,  and  about  a  foot  broad  at  the 
base.  The  pinnules  and  pinnulets  are  not  crowded, 
but  the  frond  has  rather  an  open  character,  partly 
owing  to  the  length  of  of  the  pedicels. 

For  a  complete  description  of  the  plant  we  refer 
our  readers  to  the  number  of  the  Gardeners^  Chronicle 
for  April  2.  1847,  p.  '147,  where  it  is  described  by  the 


Pear  trees  are  vigorous  and  fruiting.  Trees  inva- 
riably possess  a  dense  leafage  also,  so  that  it  would 
seem  as  if  the  drought  effects  were  not  deep,  but 
more  immediately  limited  to  the  surface  soil.  That 
the  surface  is  very  dry — indeed,  baked  dry  beyond 
description— we  have  ample  evidence,  but  there 
must  be  ample  moisture  in  the  soil  in  the  ordinary 
water  strata.  The  very  Apple  trees  from  which  the 
fruit  have  fallen  almost  by  bushels  during  the  past 
few  days,  yet  make  good  growth,  and  in  that  respect 
show  no  evidence  of  giving  out.  The  unusual 
thinning  of  the  fruit  seems  to  be  more  due  to 
heat  than  to  actual  drought,  unless,  as  seems 
probable,  very  much  of  the  bloom  that  did  set  in  the 
spring  was  imperfectly  fertile.  It  is  worthy  of  note 
that  Apples  seemed  to  be  thinned  out  most  where 
the  bloom  was  densest.  On  the  other  hand.  Pear 
bloom  was  thin  ;  but  whilst  relatively  Pears  set 
fairly  well  these  fall  but  little,  and  on  free  worked 
trees  are  of  fair  dimensions.  A  considerable  quan- 
tity of  Apples,  chiefly  Early  Julien  and  Lord  Suf- 
field,  have  already  been  gathered  in  this  locality. 
It  is  a  pity  so  to  gather  them,  but  stress  of  poverty 
on  the  part  of  growers,  allied  to  the  fear  that  con- 
tinued heat  and  drought  may  lead  to  a  greater 
thinning,  has  led  to  this  early  gathering.  Unless 
heavy  rain  comes  speedily  it  seems  hardly  possible 


AvGuST  13,  1S87.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CERONIGLE, 


199 


that  Apples  can  show  any  great  size  except  under 
ver)'  favourable  circumstances.  Peas  have  dried  up 
amazingly  soon  ;  the  produce  has  been  very  light, 
the  later  bloom  having  become  blind.  So  far  mildew 
seems  absent.  Seed  Peas  will  probably  be  smaller 
than  usual,  and  the  crop  a  short  one.  Runner  Beans, 
curiously  enough,  look  very  well,  and  so  far  have  set 
bloom  fretdy.  That  is  not  a  common  feature  in  hot 
dry  weather,  as  the  bloom  then  often  falls  rapidly. 
Possibly  cooler  nights  and  heavy  dews  have  conduced 
to  that'eud.  Early  Potatos  present  the  shortest  and 
latest  crop  ever  known,  the  produce  so  far  being 
alarmingly  poor.  Late  Potatos  look  very  well,  but 
so  far  have  made  no  tubers,  the  heat  having  had  an 
effect  there  of  an  unwonted  kind.  On  the  whole  the 
drought  effects  are  somewhat  eri'atic.  A.  D.  [We 
hope  our  correspondents  will  favour  us  with  notes  of 
the  effect  of  this  extraordinary  season  on  garden 
products,  trees,  &c.  Ed.] 

TROP>EOLUM  CONSTANTINE.  —  In  answer  to 
"Visitor,'  in  last  week's  issue,  p,  155,  respecting 
the  desirability  of  getting  a  Tropreolum  which  shall 
not  seed  freely  and  be  a  continuous  bloomer,  I 
would  recommend  Constantine  as  the  very  kind  he 


Your  correspondent,  W.  Chitty,  in  last  week's 

paper,  asks,  *'  Where  are  the  wasps  ?  "  I  am  sur- 
prised to  hear  that  they  are  scarce  in  the  southern 
districts.  Here,  in  Sutherland,  they  abound  this 
season.  We  have  destroyed  several  dozens  of  nests 
in  the  gardens  already,  and  the  grounds  and  woods 
are  infested  with  them.  The  paper  nests  under  wall 
copings  and  suspended  from  branches  of  trees  and 
bushes  are  the  most  numerous.  Some  of  them 
measured  close  upon  a  foot  in  a  diameter.  They  are 
easily  destroyed.  A  loose  roll  of  newspaper  upon 
which  a  little  paratiin  has  been  dropped,  tied  to  a 
stick,  and  held  under  the  nest  after  being  well  lighted, 
settles  them  effectually.  Some  coal-tar  poured  into 
the  holes  of  those  in  dry  banks  and  turf  makes  a 
safe  and  speedy  settlement  of  the  nests  undergi'ound. 
If  done  late  in  the  evening,  when  the  wasps  arc 
mostly  in,  they  will  give  no  more  trouble.  Some  of 
the  workmen  who  have  been  here  about  forty  years 
say  they  never  recollect  wasps  being  so  numerous 
— 4S  this  season.  It  would  be  interesting  to  know  the 
r^son  of  the  scarcity  of  wasps  in  the  South,  and 
their  unusual  numbers  in  the  North.  We  had  a 
comparatively  mild  winter,  and  are  having  an 
unusually   dry   warm   summer.     Were  the    climatic 


Fig.  49. — adiantum  fragrantissimuji.     (see  p.  19S.) 


would  like,  and  I  promise  that  he  will  not  be  disap- 
pointed either  in  its  growth  or  with  the  effect  it  makes 
as  a  bedding-out  subject  in  the  flower  garden,  as  it 
is  really  a  lovely  thing,  and  the  habit  is  perfection. 
A  bed  of  it  here  is  very  effective,  and  is  uni- 
versally admired.  The  colour  is  a  deep  scarlet. 
The  stock  is  easily  increased  by  cuttings,  and  it  is 
not  bad  to  winter.  I  see  Cannell  has  it  in  his  cata- 
logue, and  is  full  of  its  praises.  J.  Bust,  Bridge 
Castle. 

WASPS. — On  all  hands  (so  says  the  Gardeners 
■Chronicle  last  week)  we  are  hearing,  "  Where  are  the 
wasps  ?  "  In  answer  to  which,  I  am  son*y  to  say  they 
appear  to  have  taken  a  particular  liking  for  this 
locality,  as  we  never  had  a  larger  supply,  My  men 
have  dug  out  about  two  dozen  nests  already,  and 
more  are  being  discovered  daily.  Unfortunately  one 
is  established  in  a  Fern  rick,  and  another  in  the 
thatch  of  a  shed,  which  renders  them  difficult  to  be 
got  at.  This  will  doubtless  prove  a  good  honey  year, 
both  as  to  quality  and  quantity,  the  weather  hitherto 
having  been  perfect  for  its  production.  On  all  hands, 
and  especially  from  the  Hants  and  Isle  of  Wight 
Beekeepers'  Association,  I  hear  that  a  better  season 
has  rarely  been  known.  The  exhibition  of  honey 
both  run  and  in  cells  at  the  horticultural  show  in 
Westwood  Park  on  Saturday,  July  30,  was  the  finest 
■ever  seen.  W.  H.  Rogers,  SouthamjJion. 


conditions  the  same  in  the  southern  parts  of  the 
British  Islands?  [No.  The  winter  in  the  South 
was  severe  and  protracted.  Ed.]  I).  Melville,  Dunrobin 
Castle  Gardens,  Sutherland. 

Notwithstanding  the  heat  and  the  drought, 

and  the  fact  that  in  the  early  spring  months  so  many 
female  or  large  wasps  were  discernible  in  this  part 
of  the  country,  we  nevertheless  seem  to  enjoy  all  but 
perfect  immunity  from  them  at  the  present  time ; 
indeed,  I  have  only  seen  one,  and  that  a  very  small, 
weakly  example,  of  these  gold-coated  pests  during 
the  whole  of  the  summer.  As  we  enjoyed  unwonted 
immunity  from  them  last  year  also,  may  we  not  hope 
they  are  somewhat  on  the  decrease  ?   W,  E. 

FRUIT  CROPS  AND  THE  DROUGHT.  —  Your 
correspondent,  "  D.  T.  P.,"  in  his  recent  remarks 
on  the  fruit  crops,  drew  anything  but  a  favour- 
able picture  concerning  present  appearances  of  the 
hardy  fruit  crop,  and  other  correspondents  have 
recorded  similar  views.  Apples  and  Pears  are  pre- 
maturely falling  to  a  large  extent,  but  I  have  reason 
to  know  that  this  is  not  generally,  or  perhaps  1 
should  say  universally,  the  case.  Though  I  have 
here  such  excessively  heavy  crops  of  Apples,  Plums, 
and  Pears  (the  latter  on  a  limited  number  of  trees 
only),  I  am  bound  to  say  I  have  not  lost,  hitherto, 
u  per  cent,  from  this  cause.  This  fact  gives  rise 
to  the  legitimate  query,  as  to  the  reasons  pro  and 


con.  Here  the  subsoil  is  a  stiff  loam,  of  a  tenacious 
nature,  leading  down  to  stiffer  gravel  mixed  with  clay; 
such  soils,  by  maintaining  more  moisture  than  light 
soils,  have  been  favourable  to  the  trees,  wliose  roots  go 
deeply  down.  On  the  contrary,  on  gravel  subsoils  the 
effects  of  the  drought  are  more  severely  felt :  in  such 
soils  there  exists  but  little  moisture,  and  no  source 
whence  the  roots  can  obtain  sufficient  supply, 
hence  the  results  described  by  your  correspondent. 
William  Earley. 

THE  DISA  GRANDIFLORA.— I  am  obliged  to  your 
correspondent  for  information  concerning  the  above 
I)laut.  Two  of  my  men,  who  have  had  charge  of  tlie 
plants  for  the  past  fourteen  years,  declare  that  ten 
flowers  to  a  spike  have  been  the  most  produced  here 
within  that  time  until  this  year.  0.  TJwinas,  Chats- 
worth . 

DISAS  AT  STRAFFAN.— The  Disas  at  Straflan, 
CO.  Kildai'e,  are  now  very  beautiful.  There  are  in 
all  180  spikes,  bearing  about  450  flowers.  The 
best  pan  bears  thirty-three  spikes  and  seventy-six 
flowers.  The  varieties  are  D.  grandiflora  superba, 
of  a  flery  scarlet  tint ;  and  D.  g.  violescens,  in 
which  there  is  a  violet  suffusion  through  the 
scarlet;  the  flower  is  more  shapely,  and  thi^ 
tinting  of  the  shell-shaped  dorsal  segment  more 
cdear  and  pure.  As  seen  fresh  and  healthy  there  are 
but  few  cool  Orchids  can  rival  Disa  grandiflora.  At 
IStraffan  the  foliage  is  most  luxuriant,  hiding  the  pot- 
tops,  and  contrasting  well  with  the  glowing  flowers. 
A  plant  of  a  fine  dark-lipped  form  of  Cattleya 
Dowiana  bears  seven  flowers.    F.  W.  Burhidgc. 

RAINFALL  IN  NORFOLK.— The  long-continucd 
drought  is  exercising  disastrous  effects  on  the  fruit 
crops  in  this  district.  Strawberries  in  many  cases 
ripened  only  half  a  crop.  The  rainfall  for  the  first 
six  months  of  the  year  was  7'61  inches  (first  three 
months,  3'80  ;  second  three  months,  3'81),  Rainfall 
for  present  month,  0"25  inch.  i?.  Ptmton,  Wroxham 
Hall 

WATERING  OF  PLANTS.— In  your  issue  of  July  23 
I  find  that  "  J.  J.  W.,"  in  his  reply  to  J.  Ewing,  says  ; 
"  I  desire  that  every  one  should  make  trial  for  him- 
self, and  i)rove  what  he  reads  of  the  several  branches 
of  horticulture."  But  I  find  in  last  week's  issue  that 
he  doubts  the  accuracy  of  my  statement  as  regards 
the  results  I  have  obtained  from  watering  with  cold 
water,  which  was  drawn  direct  from  a  company's 
main.  I  was  requested  to  try  cold  water  for  an 
experiment,  and  I  find  that  the  results  have  been 
most  satisfactory.  I  can  also  inform  "  J.  J.  W."  that 
the  best  house  of  Grapes  I  have  seen  this  year  has 
received  all  sjTingings  and  waterings  with  water 
direct  from  the  main.  I  know  many  who  have  had 
the  most  desirable  and  satisfactory  results  from  its 
application.  If  we  were  to  syringe  oftener  with  cold 
water  we  should  have,  in  my  opinion,  fewer  insects, 
leas  work,  be  at  a  less  cost,  and  have  as  good,  if  not 
better  results  than  by  always  applying  tepid  water. 
If  "  J.  J.  W."  will  be  kind  enough  to  pay  me  a  visit 
I  will  prove  to  him  what  I  say  is  correct.  B.  Hcaton, 
Bilworth  House,  Lo7igridge,  Preston. 

ASPARAGUS   PLUMOSUS    VAR.    TENUISSIMUS.— 

A  few  nicely  gi'own  plants  of  this  very  valuable 
Asparagus  should  be  found  in  every  garden ;  for, 
whether  intermingled  with  the  most  choice  and 
valuable  flowering  plants  in  groups,  or  used  for 
fringing  stages  or  stands,  the  effect  is  such  as  cannot 
possibly  escape  the  admiration  of  the  observer. 
There  are,  however,  other  ways  in  which  this 
variety  may  be  easily  grown,  and  with  the  best 
advantage,  viz.,  trained  over  a  balloon  trellis  or  to  the 
posts  in  an  intermediate  house.  For  cutting  from 
it  will  be  found  exceedingly  useful,  and  will  in  this 
position  greatly  add  to  the  embellishment  of  the 
house.  Again,  if  used  in  a  cut  state  as  a  substitute 
for  Ferns  amongst  flowers  in  glasses,  &c.,  its  graceful 
appearance  is  very  pleasing,  and  more,  it  keeps  its 
fresh  green  colour  a  considerable  time  in  water.  I 
have  been  very  successful  in  rearing  young  plants  of 
this  variety  by  inserting  cuttings  of  half  ripened 
wood  in  sandy  soil  placed  in  the  stove,  and  a  bell- 
glass  over  them  ;  in  this  position  they  appear  to  root 
readily,  and  with  care  soon  grow  into  nice  serviceable 
plants.  The  soil  we  generally  use  for  growing  the 
plants  in  is  that  of  a  light  fibrous  loam,  adding  to  it 
a  portion  of  well  pulverised  cow-dung,  half  decayed 
leaves,  a  little  charcoal,  and  a  good  dash  of  coarse 
river  sand.  This  compost  apparently  suits  the  plants 
admirably,  with  copious  supplies  of  water  during  the 


200 


THE     GAIWEXEES'     CHRONICLE. 


[AconsT  13,  1887. 


summer  months  (providing  the  drainage  is  good). 
As  soon  as  the  pots  are  well  tilled  with  roots,  occa- 
sional doses  of  weak  manure  water  will  greatly 
help  the  plants,  giving  their  foliage  a  nice  dark  green 
appearance.  I  have  not  been  as  successful  in  rearing 
young  plants  of  that  useful  variety,  Asparagus 
plumosus.  Although  it  is  said  that  both  from 
cuttings  and  eyes,  it  roots  readily,  I  have  on  several 
occasions  tried  the  two,  but  not  successfully.  H. 
Markham,  Mcrnourth  Castle. 

"BAD  CHARACTERS"  AND  "LOW  TYPES"  IN 
COVENT  GARDEN. — At  an  archajological  meeting 
held  at  Bedford  on  July  27  last  the  subject  of  the 
best  editions  of  Bunyan  s  Pilgrims  Progress  was  dis- 
cussed, and  Mr.  J.  B.  Marsh  (according  to  the  Bed- 
fordshire Times  of  July  30)  stated  that  the  best 
edition  was  the  one  edited  by  the  late  Charles 
Kingsley,  and  illustrated  by  the  late  Mr.  C.  H. 
Bennett.  Mr.  Marsh  stated  that  the  faces  in  the 
illustrations  of  this  best  edition  were  derived  from 
life  in  Covent  Garden,  and  that  Mr.  Bennett's  "  faces 
of  bad  characters  were  better  than  those  of  the  good 
people.  All  the  low  types  were,"  said  Mr.  Mai'sh, 
"  admirable  representatives  of  the  men  and  women 
that  one  might  see  almost  any  day  in  the  week  in 
Covent  Garden."  There  are  obvious  reasons  why 
Bedford  should  speak  with  authority  on  matters 
belonging  to  Covent  Garden.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
none  of  the  horticultural  publishing  olSces  in  the 
vicinity  of  Covent  Garden  furnish  the  "  low  types." 
W.  G.  S.  [Certainly  not.  Ed.] 

LiLIUM  BrOWNI. — Allow  me  to  inform  you  that 
your  note  on  Lilium  Browni  (Gardeners'  Chronicle, 
p.  108)  is  not  quite  correct ;  the  flower  we  sent  is  the 
same  as  that  described  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
two  or  three  years  ago  by  Mr.  Baker  under  the  name 
of  Lilium  Browni  var.  viridulum ;  before  we  had  it 
under  the  name  of  L.  odorum,  which,  considering  its 
great  fragrance,  is  very  appropriate.  Mr.  Elwes,  who 
saw  it  here  in  flower  two  years  ago,  pronounced  it  to 
be  a  very  distinct  and  fine  variety  of  L.  Browni,  if 
not  altogether  a  distinct  species.  It  differs  specially 
from  the  well  known  L.  Bro^vni  in  the  peculiar- 
shaped  bulb,  resembling  more  those  of  L.  tigrinum 
or  L.  Thunbergianum  group.  The  buds  also  in  L. 
Browni  var.  viridulum  before  opening  are  more 
globular,  while  in  L.  Browni  they  are  long 'and 
flattened ;  they  are,  when  opening,  at  first  of  a  deep 
sulphury-yellow,  while  in  L.  Browni  they  are  white ; 
it  also  differs  greatly  in  the  shape  of  flower,  gi-eat 
fragrance,  and  in  foliage,  from  L.  Browni.  I  might 
also  mention  that  L.  Browni  is  never  imported  from 
Japan,  and  may  probably  be  a  garden  form,  while  L. 
Browni  var.  viridulum  is  occasionally  imported  from 
there,  though  the  bulbs  very  seldom  arrive  alive.  It  is 
one  of  the  finest  Lilies  in  cultivation,  and  does  well 
in  a  light  well-drained  soil,  kept  comparatively  dry 
during  the  winter.  G.  Beuthe,  Hale  Farm  Nursery, 
Tottenham. 

ARAUCARIA  IMBRICATA  AND  OTHER  EXOTIC 
CONIFERS. — Your  "  Enquirers."  p.  143,  about  their 
Pines  decaying  seem  to  limit  their  ideas  to  soil, 
drainage,  planting,  situation,  all  no  doubt  of  im- 
portance. But  it  has  long  been  my  conviction  that 
we  cannot  rely  on  any  of  these  Pines  flourishing  as 
they  reach  maturity.  The  conditions  under  which 
they  grow,  of  extreme  winter  cold  and  extreme 
summer  heat,  are  not,  I  fear,  attainable  in  the  British 
Isles.  Also,  the  character  of  their  growth  secludes 
the  lower  inner  branches  from  air  and  light,  and 
hence  their  decay.  Such,  it  seems,  is  the  result  in 
their  natural  forests,  or  otherwise  there  would  be  no 
access  to  the  interior  of  them.  /.  /,  M. 

THE  SOUTHAMPTON  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
— Provincial  horticultural  societies  anxious  to  con- 
vert their  summer  exhibitions  into  mere  pleasure 
shows  and  fetes  will  do  well  to  heed  the  fortunes  of 
the  Southampton  Horticultural  Society,  which,  in 
spite  of  its  affix  of  "  Royal,"  yet  embarks  largely  in 
the  pleasure  enterprise,  especially  that  its  exhibitions 
are  to  that  end  made  to  fall  upon  the  Saturday  pre- 
ceding the  August  Bank  Holiday,  and  on  that  popular 
holiday  itself.  Encouraged  by  some  previous  suc- 
cesses and  enormous  attendances  the  committee 
again  this  year  catered  in  the  same  pleasure-provid- 
ing direction,  with  the  result  that  on  the  two  days' 
takings,  as  compared  with  last  year,  there  is  a  defi- 
ciency of  nearly  £300,  the  relative  takings  for  the 
two  years  being  £G21  and  £.330  16,!.  The  weather 
cannot  be  charged  with  this  falling  off,  because  more 
beautiful     weatlier    lias    rarely    been    experienced. 


Southampton  is  perhaps  the  centre  of  many  attrac- 
tions, but  these  have  been  in  competition  with  the 
horticultural  fete  for  years.  The  Jubilee,  with  all 
its  excessive  strain  upon  pocket  and  pleasure,  is 
credited  with  the  deficiency,  and  no  doubt  that  was 
probably  the  chief  cause.  Still  it  may  be  that  the 
public  are  tiring  of  the  monotonous  forms  of  attrac- 
tions provided  at  fetes  of  this  description,  and  if 
such  be  the  case  committees  will  do  well  to  take 
warning  in  time  and  keep  to  their  legitimate  work. 
When  bond  fide  flower  shows  with  good  music  fail 
to  attract,  we  fail  to  see  what  good  to  horticulture 
is  to  result  from  the  introduction  of  attractions  of 
the  empirical  order.  A.  D. 

BUTTERFLY  SWARMS. — The  great  warmtli  of  the 
season  has  been  productive  of  such  immense  numbers 
of  white  butterflies,  as  has  rarely  been  seen  before  in 
South  Essex.  In  lanes  and  roads  they  swarm 
rising  in  hosts  when  disturbed.  They  are  .attracted 
thither  by  the  wild  flowers,  which  are  not  numerous 
at  this  season  in  cultivated  fields.  Every  flower  has 
its  host  of  depredators,  all  bent  on  rifling  it  of  its 
nectar.  The  great  and  the  small  cabbage-white, 
the  black-veined  white,  the  green-chequered  white, 
the  orange-tip,  and  the  wood-white,  are  the  most 
numerous,  so  that  we  may  anticipate  swarms  of 
caterpillars  a  little  later.  William  Earky. 

DWARF  TROP.COLUMS.  —  "Visitor,"  in  com- 
menting upon  tin  larly  lullapse  of  the  bloom  on  the 
Tom  Thumb  Tr.i]i:iolum5  .at  Chiswick,  expresses  a 
wish  for  a  race  of  tliese  plants  comparatively  sterile, 
which  will  bloom  freely  to  the  'end  of  tlie  season. 
Possibly  he  does  not  know  of  the  compactum  kinds, 
which,  whilst  very  dwarf,  [do  bloom  right  to  the 
end  of  the  season.  These  are  less  varied  in  colour 
of  flowers  than  are  the  Tom  Thumbs,  but  they  include 
yellow  spotted,  scarlet,  crimson,  and  maroon.  They 
are  not  nearly  such  free  seeders  as  are  the  Tom 
Thumbs,  hence,  perhaps,  are  not  so  well  liked  by  the 
seedsmen  ;  still  they  do  produce  a  fair  crop.  Seed 
production,  if  the  plants  be  on  average  soil,  miikes  no 
difference  to  their  blooming,  which  is  most  profuse, 
the  flowers  being  of  good  form  and  substance,  and 
well  thrown  above  the  foliage.  The  kinds  may  be 
kept  also  by  cuttings,  and  these  propagated  plants 
arc,  curiously  enough,  almost  seedless.  A.  D, 


Societies. 


ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

Almjust  9. — Last  Tuesday's  show  at  Soutii  Ken- 
sington attained  to  only  moderate  dimensions,  but 
notwithstanding  there  were  several  items  of  interest. 
The  Fruit  Committee  had  the  largest  and  best  display 
of  produce  it  has  had  this  year,  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  & 
Sons'  cordon  Gooseberries  being  the  leading  feature 
in  this  section.  Among  flowers,  Messrs.  Kelway's 
fine  lot  of  Gladioli,  and,  although  the  weather  has 
been  unfavourable  for  them,  the  Hollyhocks  of  Mr.  J. 
Blundell  and  of  Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand  were  lead- 
ing ])oints.  Baron  Schroder  and  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.. 
were  the  exhibitors  of  Orchids,  both  contributing  good 
specimens. 

Ploral  Committee. 

Present :  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ;  and 
Messrs.  J.  Douglas,  W.  Goldring,  E.  Dean,  J. 
Dominy,  H.  M.  Pollett,  A.  F.  Lendy,  J.  O'Brien, 
G.  P.aul,  J.  Eraser,  J.  Walker,  W.  Holmes,  B.  Wynne, 
E.  Hill,  and  Dr.  M.  T.  Masters. 

Messrs.  Kelway  &  Sons  contributed  one  of  those 
extensive  collections  of  cut  spikes  of  Gladiolus  for 
which  they  are  renowned.  There  were  144  spikes, 
embracing  as  wide  a  range  of  colour  as  can  be 
obtained  with  these  flowers ;  we  have  seen  larger 
spikes  from  Messrs.  Kelway,  but  then  the  season  had 
not  been  so  hot  and  dry  as  the  present  one  is ;  the 
individual  flowers  were  large,  clear,  and  bright. 
Certificates  were  awarded  to  two  of  the  varieties 
shown,  viz..  Princess  Koyal,  pinkish-white,  lightly 
flaked  with  carmine,  intense  towards  the  margin  ; 
the  individual  flowers,  as  shown,  were  4  inches 
across— a  fine  variety ;  and  to  William  Roupell, 
orange-scarlet,  lower  segments  having  a  deep  lake 
nerve,  slightly  flaked  at  the  margin.  Other  notice- 
able sorts  were  Major  Lendy,  salmon-pink ;  W.  Kel- 
way, deep  rich  scarlet;  llaoofCutch,  deep  salmon, 
tipped  heavy  lake — a  peculiar  flower ;  II.  M.  Pollett, 
bright  scarlet,  white  centre  nerves,  lower  segments 
almost  all  white,  scarlet  tips,  lake  nerve.  (Silver- 
gilt  Banksian  Medal.) 


Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son  also  showed  Gaillardias,  of 
which  W.  Kelway,  a  large  sort,  deep  red  running  to 
yellow  at  the  margin,  was  the  best ;  the  tints  are,  how- 
ever, rather  dull.  J I 
Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent,  showed         11 
a  number  of  plants  and  cut  blooms  of  tuberous  Be-          ■] 
gonias,  the  singles  being  very  large  and   good — J.  ' 
Harrison  Carter,  a  single  bronze,  is  a  good  colour. 
A  highly  efl'ective  light  crimson  zonal  Pelargonium 
(no  name)  was  shown,  also  Capsicum  Mango  Pepper, 
with  large  oblong  orange  coloured  fruits,  and  Glox- 
inias. 

From  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hale  Farm  Nurseries, 
Tottenham,  came  one  of  those  varied  groups  of  her- 
baceous plants  for  which  he  has  a  name,  Dahlias. 
Liliums,Gaillardias,Iceland  Poppies  in  abundance,  and 
specimens  of  Eremurus  Bungei,  with  pale  flesh- 
coloured  flowers ;  Echinops  Ritro,  large  heads ; 
various  species  of  Helianthus,  Asclepias  tuberosa, 
very  floriferous,  the  orange  flowers  of  which  are  effec- 
tive ;  and  Alstroemeria  peruviana,  a  plant  not  so 
very  often  seen  now-a-days.  (Silver  Banksia  Medal.) 
Baron  Schroder  showed  two  choice  Orchids.  One 
was  a  fine  plant  of  that  new  and  beautiful  Catasetum 
Bungerothi,  of  which  we  published  a  full-page  sup- 
plementary illustration  ( Gardeners'  Chronicle,  January 
29,  vol.  i.,  3rd  series).  The  specimen  shown  had  on 
the  spike  ten  ivory-white  flowers.  The  scent  is  that 
of  Carraway  seed.  The  Baron's  other  specimen  was 
a  cut  spike  10  inches  long  of  Saccolabium  Heathii,  a 
lovely  pure  white  spike  of  bloom,  identical  in  size 
with  that  of  S.  Blumei  as  usually  seen.  It  will 
become  popular  in  time. 

Several  Orchids  came  from  the  garden  of  F.  G. 
Tautz,  Esq.,  Studley  House,  Shepherd's  Bush  (gr., 
Mr. Cowley).  These  were: — Cattleya  Warneri  rubra: 
the  intense  purple  of  the  much  frilled  lip  is  its  dis- 
tinguishing feature;  Miltonia  Petersi  concolor,  of 
lurid  purple  colom-  over  sepals  and  petals,  the  lip 
being  of  a  rather  lighter  hue.  The  base  is  bright 
purple — curious,  but  not  handome ;  M.  spectabilis 
bicolor,  white,  base  of  the  lip  a  patch  of  purple,  with  a 
radiated  outline;  Cypripedium  tousum,  lately  de- 
scribed in  these  pages ;  C.  orphanorum,  a  flower 
named  (provisionally)  in  honour  of  the  Gardeners' 
Orphan  scheme.  It  has  a  reddish  lip,  and  rosy- 
brown  petals  showing  a  bold  stripe  of  black  run- 
ning through  them.  The  dorsal  sepal  is  mainly  of 
white  and  green,  with  a  central  vertical  black  line. 
The  other  plants  shown  were  C.  Ashburtonia;  ex- 
pansum,  C.  leucorhodum,  and  C.  concolor. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son.  Cheshunt,  had  a  single  white. 
Rose,  named  Single  White  Perpetual ;  the  petals  are 
pure  white,  and  of  good  substance,  while  the  flowers 
are  freely  produced ;  it  is  said  to  bloom  up  to  No- 
vember, and  certainly  is  a  desirable  acquisition  on 
that  score  alone. 

Some  of  the  finest  African  Marigolds  we  remember 
to  have  seen  came  from  Jlessrs.  Dobbie  &  Co„ 
Rothesay,  N.B. ;  there  were  two  varieties — Prince  of 
Orange,  rich  orange  colour,  and  Lemon  Queen, 
lemon  colour,  each  measuring  4  to  5  inches  in 
diameter ;  the  blooms  were  also  compact  and  solid. 
This  firm  also  sent  several  seedling  Violas,  Lucy 
Ashton  being  the  finest:  it  is  white  with  purple 
streaks  on  the  lower  petals,  and  the  upper  and  lower 
margins  of  the  flower  were  deep  lilac — a  very  pleasing 
combination  of  colours. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.,  High  Holborn,  London, 
W.C.,  contributed  seedlings  of  Iris  Kampferi.  A  good 
white  is  Bridesmaid  ;  Elaine  is  larger,  but  has  yellow 
in  it  at  the  base  of  the  segments;  Emperor  of  Japan, 
mauve-puqjle,  is  a  good  sort ;  also  a  new  double 
white  Pyrethrum. 

Mr.  W'.  Palmer,  Thames  Ditton  House,  Tjiames 
Ditton,  showed  cut  blooms  of  Magnolia  grandiflora 
and  several  Coleuses. 

A  feature  of  the  show  was  formed  by  the  exhibits 
of  Hollyhocks.  W.  Roupell,  Esq..  F.R.H.S.,  offered 
prizes  for  a  collection  of  not  less  than  fifty  spikes  of 
doubles,  for  which  there  was  only  one  entry,  which 
was  made  by  Mr.  J.  Blundell,  The  Nurseries,  West 
Dulwich,  S.E.,  and  who  showed  a  fine  collection  of 
seventy-two  spikes,  deservedly  securing  the  1st  prize 
— a  Silver  Cup.  He  had  some  fine  unnamed  seed- 
lings, .and  of  the  named  sorts  the  finest  were  Man- 
darin, pale  cream ;  Henry  Irving,  purple-lake — good 
guards ;  Princess  of  Wales,  pink  ;  Mr.  R.  H.  Barnes, 
white;  Princess  Beatrice, primrose  ;  and  Venus,  pure 
white,  with  large  guards. 

Messrs.  F.  T.  Smith  &  Co.,  West  Dulwich,  con- 
tributed a  collection  of  cut  Hollyhock  blooms, 
showing  as  their  best  Black  Prince,  black-purple  ; 
Alfred  Austin,  mauve  ;  and  Diana,  rose. 

Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  Saffron  Walden,  also  had 
a  fine  lot  of  large  blooms,  which  were  shown  in  good 


AuQcsT  13,  1887.1 


THE     QARDENEBS'     CEEONIGLE. 


201 


condition.  Scarlet  Gem,  ricli  crimson  ;  and  William 
Archer,  purple-crimson,  both  witli  prominent  guard 
petals,  were  Certificated. 

First-class  Certificates  were  awarded  as  follows  : — 

Hollyhock  William  Archer,  from  Messrs.  \\'ebb  & 
Brand. 

Hollyhock  Scarlet  Gem,  from  Messrs.  Webb  & 
Brand. 

Gaillardia  William  Kehvav,  from  Messrs.  Kelway 
&  Son. 

Marigold  Prince  of  Orange,  from  Jlessrs.  Dobbie 
&Co. 

Marigold  Lemon  Queen,  from  Messrs.  Dobbie  & 
Co. 

Viola  Lucv  Ashton,  from  Messrs.  Dobbie  &  Co. 

Gladiolus  William  lioupell,  from  Messrs.  Kelway 
&  Son. 

Gladiolus  Princess  Royal,  from  Messrs.  Kelway  & 
Son. 

Cypripediura  orphancrum,  from  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq. 

Saccolabium  Heathii,  fr  m  Baron  Schroder. 

Cat.isetum  Bungerothi,  from  Baron  Schroder. 

Rose,  Paul's  Single  White  Perpetual,  from  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son. 

Fruit  Committee. 

Present:  T.  F.  Rivers,  Esq.,  in  the  chair;  and 
Messrs.  Harrison  Weir,  J.  Smith,  G.  Norman,  S. 
Ford,  J.  Roberts,  J.  Bennett,  J.  Fitt,  P.  Crowley, 
G.  Bunyard,  and  R.  D.  Blackmore. 

A  comprehensive  exhibit  of  Gooseberries  came 
from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea  ;  there  were 
sixty  dishes  of  picked  fruit,  and  a  number  of  cor- 
dons— that  is,  three  or  four-year-old  plants  trained 
perpendicularly  as  single  stems,  the  side-shoots 
being  apparently  spurred-in  to  a  few  basal  buds  at 
the  winter  pruning,  the  resulting  summer  shoots 
being  at  the  present  time  reduced  to  a  length  of 
4  inches.  The  fruits  on  these  plants  were  few  in 
number,  having  probably  been  thinned  considerably, 
so  as  to  afford  fruit  of  a  large  size.  The  dishes  of 
Gooseberries  consisted  of  the  best  dessert  and  show 
kinds.  It  was  remarked  that  in  no  class  have  recent 
introductions  approached  the  old  standaid  varieties 
in  flavour,  although  the  palm  must  be  given  them 
for  size.  A  few  summer  Apples  and  Pears  were 
shown,  amongst  the  latter  being  Mademoiselle  So- 
lange,  an  obovate  green  fruit,  of  fine  fiavour,  hardly 
so  large  as  the  well-known  Aston  Town  Pear.  It 
was  considered  by  the  committee  to  be  worthy  of  a 
Certificate. 

A  few  dishes  of  early  Plums  were  sho\vn,  such  as 
Early  Green  Gage,  Early  Prolific,  July  Gage,  OuUin's 
Golden  Gage,  &c.  The  very  useful  Alexander  Peach 
from  trees  in  pots  was  likewise  shown — the  fruits  were 
of  medium  size,  and  very  highly  coloured.  (A  Silver 
Banksian  Medal.) 

Mr.  W.  Roupell,  Harvey  Lodge,  Roupell  Park, 
S.W.,  exhibited  some  excellent  varieties  of  Grapes, 
which  he  recommends  for  their  fine  flavour.  We 
have  been  too  long  running  alter  mere  size  and 
finish  in  berry  and  bunch,  forgetting  that  most 
Grape  eaters  prefer  flavour  before  those  other 
attributes  horticultural  societies  have  so  erroneously 
forstered  by  their  prizes.  The  Purple  Constantia, 
Muscat  Hamburgh,  and  Venn's  Black  Muscat,  were 
quite  nice  enough  bunches,  a  little  too  liberally 
thinned,  perhaps,  of  delicious  flavour,  although  not 
quite  ripe.  The  Vines  are  grown  in  13-inch  pots, 
and  stand  on  hot-water  pipes  in  a  sunny  house  a 
little  warmth  being  kept  in  the  pipes  up  to  the  time 
of  ripening. 

Messrs.  Riveis  &  Sons,  Sawbridgeworth,  showed 
Cherries  Emiieror  Frauds,  a  large  reddish  fruit ; 
Geant  d'Hedelfingen,  a  very  fine  glossy  black ;  late 
Bigarreau,  and  Monstrueuse  de  Metzel. 

A  handsome  seedling  Apple,  with  the  look  of  Cox's 
Orange  Pippin,  came  from  Messrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Sons, 
nurserymen,  Bath.  It  was  named  Beauty  of  Bath, 
and  received  the  unwonted  honour  for  an  Apple — a 
First-class  Certificate. 

Several  seedling  Melons  were  sho\vn,  some  of  which 
were  of  fair  flavour  and  handsome. 

Special  Prizes, 

Me^rs.  Webb  cf-  Son's  Prizes. — Collections  of  Vege- 
tables.— 1st,  Mr.  J.  Waite,  gr.,  Glenhurst,  Esher, 
with  very  good  produce  considering  the  weather  of 
the  past  mouth.  The  sorts  were  : — Pea  Sutton's 
Jubilee,  Onion  Leviathan,  Potato  Suttou's  Seedling, 
French  Bean  Canadian  Wonder,  Carrot  New  Inter- 
mediate, Cauliflower  Autumn  Giant.  Mr.  Waite 
must  have  land  in  good  heart,  and  an  abundant 
water  supply. 

Mr.  C.  Fidkr's  Prises. — Collections  of  Vegetables. 


— Here  Mr.  J.  Waite  was  again  1st,  with  other  ^and 
more  kinds.  We  remarked  Fidler's  Reading  Con- 
queror Pea,  Carter's  Jubilee  Runner  Bean,  very  flue ; 
Perfection  Tomato  and  Fidler's  Clipper  Potato,  a 
white  half  round  half  kidney  variety.  Mr,  F.  A. 
Beckett,  Cole  Hatch  Farm,  Penn,  Amersham,  2nd  : 
Champion  Runner  Beans,  Beauty  of  Hebron  Potatos, 
and  Perfection  Tomato  were  good  samples. 

Mi:  C.  Fiiikr's  Special  Prize  :  Reading  Conqueror 
Peas.— 1st.  Mr.  Beckett  ;  2nd,  Mr.  Waite  ;  3rd,  Mr. 
Marriott,  Boston. 

Defiance  Melon.— 1st,  Jlr.  C.  Ross,  gr.,  Welford 
Park,  a  first-class  fruit  in  all  respects;  2nd,  Mr.  J. 
G.  Dean,  gr.,  Titsey  Park,  Limpsfield.  The  fruit 
more  ribbed  than  the  winning  one.  3rd,  Mr.  W. 
AVoolford,  gr..  Little  Missenden,  Great  Missenden, 
Bucks.     Five  lots  competed. 

First-class  Certificates  were  awarded  as  follows  :— 

Apple  Beauty  of  Bath,  from  Messrs.  Cooling  & 
Son. 

Pear  Mdlle.  de  Solange,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  & 
Son. 

Cherry  Emperor  Francis,  from  T.  Rivers  &  Son. 


NATIONAL  CARNATION  AND  PICOTEE 

(Northern  Section.) 

This,  the  last  of  the  three  representative  exhibi- 
tions, took  place  in  the  annexe  to  the  Exhibition 
Palace  at  Manchester  on  the  5th  inst.  Compared 
with  the  O.xford  show  it  was  not  only  much  smaller, 
but  with  scarcely  an  exception  the  quality  was  below 
it  also,  the  hot  dry  weather  h.aving  very  prejudicially 
affected  the  blooms.  With  the  solitary  exception  of 
Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  who  com- 
peted in  one  of  the  classes,  the  competition  was 
wholly  between  growers  north  of  the  Trent. 

Carnatiom. — There  were  five  stands  of  twelve  dis- 
similar Carnations — Mr.  Robert  Lord,  florist.  Hole 
Bottom,  Todmorden,  being  1st,  with  good  blooms 
of  C.B.  Master  Fred,  P.P.B.  William  Skirving,  S.B. 
Fred,  C.B.  Thomas  Moore,  S.B.  Robert  Lord,  R.F. 
Rob  Roy,  C.B.  Shirley  Hibberd,  S.F.  Henry  Cannell, 
P.P.B.  Squire  Llewelvn,  P.F.  James  Douglas.  S.F. 
Tom  Lord,  and  S.B.  Admiral  Curzon.  2nd,  Mr.  B. 
Simonite,  Rough  Bank,  Sheffield,  with  some  good 
flowers  also,  having  S.B.  George,  P.F.  James  Douglas, 
R.F.  Sybil,  S.B.  Admiral  Curzon,  R.F.  Cristi  Galli, 
P.F.  George  Melville  and  seedlings.  3rd,  Mr.  J. 
Beswick,  Middleton.  In  the  ckss  for  twelve  Carna- 
tions, nine  at  least  to  be  dissimilar,  the  competition 
limited  to  growers  of  500  pairs  or  less,  there  were  nine 
competitors  —  Mr.  John  Whitham,  Hilden  Bridge, 
Yorkshire,  beingplaced  1st  with  C.B.  Master  Fred,  S.B. 
Admiral  Curzon,  P.P.B.  William  Skirving,  S.B.  Fred, 
S.B.  Thomas  Storer,  S.F.  Florence  Nightingale,  R.F. 
Christi  Galli,  P.P.B.  Thomiis  Anstiss,  S.B.  Robert 
Lord,  and  duplicates.  2nd,  Mr.  P.  Law,  Carnation 
Gardens,  Rochdale.  Then  came  a  class  for  six  Car- 
nations, dissimilar,  open  to  growers  of  250  pairs  or  less, 
and  there  were  seven  competitors.  The  best  stand  was 
staged  by  Mr,  T.  Hellewell,  The  Hollies,  Todmorden, 
who  had  C.B.  Master  Fred,  P.P.B.  William  Skirving, 
P.F.  James  Douglas,  S.F.  Tom  Chapman,  S.B. 
Admiral  Curzon,  and  R.F.  Christi  Galli.  2nd,  Mr. 
Maddocks,  Lefthouse  Hall,  near  Wakefield.  3rd, 
Mr.  S.  Barlow,  J.P.,  Stake  Hill  House,  Manchester. 

Pieotees. — There  were  five  exhibitors  of  twelve 
Picotees,  dissimilar,  in  the  class  open  to  all,  and  Mr.  R. 
Lord  was  again  1st,  with  excellent  blooms  of  H.R.E. 
Morna,  H.R.E.  Mrs.  Pavne,  L.R.E.  Thomas  William, 
H.R.E.  Lady  Louisa,  H.R.E.  Mrs.  Sharpe,  L.P.E. 
Ann  Lord,  L.R.E.  Mrs.  Aldcroft,  H.R.E,  John 
Smith,  II.P.E.  Mr.  A.  Chancellor ;  L.P.E.  Cynthia, 
L.P.E.  Clara  Penson,  and  H.P.E.  Zerlina.  2nd,  Mr. 
J.  Beswick,  Middleton.  3rd,  Mr.  B.  Simonite.  In 
the  class  for  twelve  Picotees,  nine  at  least  to  be 
dissimilar,  open  to  growers  of  500  pairs,  or  less,  Mr. 
J.  Whitham  was  again  1st,  with  H.R.E.  Brun- 
nette,  H.P.E.  Zerlina,  H.R.E.  Lady  Louisa,  L.R.E. 
Thomas  William,  H.P.E.  Mr.  A.  Chancellor,  L.P.E. 
Anne  Lord,  L.R.E.  Favourite,  H.R.E.  Fannv  Helen, 
H.R.E,  Mrs.  Sharpe,  L.P.E.  Mary,  H.R.E.  Mrs. 
Payne,  and  duplicates.  2nd,  Mr.  W.  Taylor,  Middle- 
ton  ;  3rd,  Mr.  R.  Sydenham,  Middleton.  Mr.  T. 
Hellewell  had  the  best  six  dissimilar  Picotees  in  the 
class  for  growers  of  250  pairs  or  less,  staging  H.P.E. 
Mr.  Niven.  L.R.E.  Thomas  William,  H.R.E.  Mrs. 
Lord,  H.R.E.  Mrs.  Payne,  H.R.E.  John  Smith,  and 
H.R.E.  Constance  Heron.  2ud,  Mr.  W.  Bleacklcy, 
Whitefield  ;  3rd,  Mr.  Maddocks. 

Selfs. — Prizes  were  also  ofl'ered  (or  twelve  blooms  of 
self  Carnations,  and  four  stands  competed,  the  best 
coming  from  Mr.  F.  Law,  Carnation  Gardens,  Roch- 
dale,  who  had  Mrs.   Hyde,  white;   George   Henry, 


pink  ;  Squire  Meynell,  purple ;  Pride  of  Penshurst. 
yellow ;  Henry  Cannell,  scarlet ;  and  some  good 
seedlings.  2nd,  Mr.  George  Geggie,  Waterloo  Nur- 
sery, Bury,  whose  flowers  were  unnamed. 

Special  Jubilee  Prizes. 

Special  prizes  were  offered  for  twelve  miscella- 
neous Carnations  and  Picotees,  there  being  twelve 
stands,  and  here  Mr.  R.  Lord  was  again  1st,  with 
Carnations  S.B.  Master  Fred,  C.B.  J.  D.  Hextall, 
R.F.  Rob  Roy,  S.B.  Admiral  Curzon,  S.S.  John 
Whitham,  W.'S.,  The  Bride  and  King  of  Yellows ; 
and  of  Picotees,  L.R.E.  Favourite,  H.R.E.  Mr.  Pavne, 
H.R.E.  Ladv  Louisa,  H.R.E.  Dr.  Epps,  and  H.R.E. 
Royal  Visit.  2nd,  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal  Nursery, 
Slough,  with  Carnations  P.P.B.  Rifleman,  S.B.  John 
Hines,  R.F.  Rob  Roy,  S.B.  Robert  Lord,  P.P.B.  Mrs. 
Barlow ;  and  Picotees.  L.R.E.  Favourite,  L.P.E. 
Mrs.  MichoU,  H.R.E.  Mrs.  Payne,  H.R.E.  Dr.  Epps, 
L.P.E.  Baroness  Burdett  Coutts,  H.R.E.  Sylvia,  and 
L.P.E.  Mary.    3rd.  Mr.  J.  Beswick. 

The  premier  Carnation  was  C.B.  Master  Fred, 
shown  by  Mr.  R.  Lord  ;  and  the  premier  Picotee, 
L.P.E.  Baroness  Burdett  Coutts,  shown  by  Mr.  C. 
Turner. 

First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to 
Mr.  C.  Turner,  for  yellow  ground  Vicotees  Almira, 
Annie  Douglas,  and"  Terra  Cotta  ;  and  to  rose  self 
Rose  Celestial.  Mr.  S.  Barlow  staged  a  dozen  blooms 
of  his  new  S.B.  Robert  Houlgrave,  a  very  bright, 
full,  and  finely-formed  flower,  regarded  as  an  improve- 
ment upon  Admiral  Curzon.  Mr.  F.  Law  had  a 
large  collection  of  cut  blooms  of  Carnations  an.l 
Picotees;  also  Dahlias,  Marigolds,  &c.,  all  of  wh  -.h 
were  highly  commended. 


WELLINGBOBOTJGH     HORTICUI  - 
TUK.AL    FETE. 

August  4  and  5. — This  took  place  in  connection 
with  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Northamptonshiie 
Horticultural  Society  at  Wellingborough  on  tli^ 
above  dates,  and  as  a  few  classes  in  which  g.tcl 
prizes  were  offered  were  open  to  all  comers  a  gi:r  1 
exhibition  resulted,  among  others  Mr.  James  Cypher, 
nurseryman,  Cheltenham,  taking  some  plants,  and  ho 
was  placed  1st  in  the  class  for  twelve  stove  and 
greenhouses  plants  in  or  out  of  bloom,  staging  much 
the  same  as  he  exhibited  at  Northampton  on  B.ink 
Holiday;  Mr.  J.  Parker.  Victoria  Nursery,  Rugby, 
coming  in  a  good  2nd.  In  the  class  for  a  large  group 
of  plants  arranged  for  effect  Messrs.  Cypher  and 
Parker  were  placed  equal  1st,  with  well  placed  groups, 
no  2nd  prize  being  awarded.  In  the  gardeners'  class 
for  eight  stove  and  gi'eenhonse  plants,  Mr.  W. 
Lanchburry,  gr.  to  C.  Watkin,  Esq.,  Wellingborough, 
was  1st,  with  a  good  lot.  but  unnamed ;  Mr.  W.  L. 
Bird,  gr.  to  A.  Seymour,  Esq..  Nocton  Hall,  Daventry, 
being  2nd,  having  among  others  a  very  fine  specimen 
of  Croton  Weismanni.  Mr.  Lanchburry  was  also  1st 
in  the  class  for  a  group  of  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants  arranged  for  effect  Mr.  Hillburn,  gr.  to  C.  J.  K, 
Woolston,  Esq  ,  Wellingborough,  being  2nd. 

Foliaged  Plants. — The  best  six  of  these  came  from 
Mr.  Lanchburry — a  very  good  lot,  consisting  of 
Cycas  revoluta,  Alocasia  metallica,  Phyllanthus 
nivosus,  Zamia  Vroomii,  Theophrasta  imperialis,  and 
Caladium  esculentum.  In  the  open-to-all-division, 
Mr.  Hillburn  had  the  best  six  Ferns — a  very  nice 
bright  and  fresh  lot,  consisting  of  Microlepia  hirta 
cristata,  Adiantum  Farleyense,  A.  cuneatum,  and 
A.  gracillimum,  Pteris  serrulata  cristata,  and  Dick- 
sonia  antarctica.  With  six  foliage  plants  in  the  same 
division  Mr.  J.  Parker  was  1st  with  a  fine  Areca 
Baueri,Lataniaborbonica,  and  the  following  Crotons 
— Youngi,  Sunset,  undulatus  and  majesticus.  Coleus 
were  well  shown  by  Mr.  D.  Percival,  gr.  to  W.  Blott, 
Esq.,  Wellingborough,  and  Mr.  T.  G.  Butler,  gr.  to  N. 
P.  Sherman,  Esq.,  of  Wellingborough.  Foliage 
Begonias  and  plants  for  table  decorations  were  also 
good  features.  The  best  specimen  plant  was  Latania 
borbonica,  from  Mr.  Percival ;  Mr.  Lanchburry 
coming  2nd  with  a  fine  Nepenthes,  a  little  out  of  con- 
dition. 

Flowering  Plants  included  good  Fuchsias,  shown 
by  Messrs.  Hillburn  and  F.  Beard,  of  Great  Bough- 
ton,  zonal  Pelargoniums,  double  and  single,  and 
Gloxinias.  Prizes  were  offered  for  flowering  Be- 
gonias, double  and  single,  but  no  competition  re- 
sulted. In  the  amateurs' and  cottagers' division  some 
excellent  plants  were  shown,  and  there  is  no  doubt 
they  are  thoroughly  well  grown  in  this  district. 

Cut  Flowers. — Some  good  prizes  were  ofl'ered  for 
cut  Roses  :  the  best  twenty-four  varieties  came  from 


202 


THE     GABDENER8'     GHBONICLE. 


[August  13,  1887. 


Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Howe  House  Nurseries, 
Cambridge,  but  they  showed  the  effects  of  extreme 
drought.  Messrs.  G.  &  W.  Brucl;,  nurserymen, 
Peterborough,  were  a  good  2nd.  Messrs.  Burrell  & 
Co.,  also  had  the  best  twelve  Tea-scented  varieties, 
showing  small,  but  fresh  flowers  ;  the  Rev.  W.  H. 
Jackson,  Stagsden  Vicarage,  Bedford,  being  2nd. 
The  Rev.  W.  H.  Jackson  had  the  best  twelve  varie- 
ties in  the  gardeners'  division  ;  Mr.  G.  Watt,  Barton 
Seagrave,  being  2nd.  In  the  open  class  for  twenty- 
four  bunches  of  cut  flowers  Mr.  J.  Parker  was  placed 
1st,  with  the  usual  stove  and  greenhouse  subjects, 
such  as  Allamandas,  Dipladenias,  Eucharis,  Lapa- 
gerias,  &c.  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Son  were  placed 
2d,  with  a  very  fine  stand  of  twenty-four  bunches  of 
hardy  flowers,  large  and  of  superior  quality,  that  well 
deserved  the  higher  award  ;  it  was  one  of  the  best 
exhibits  of  the  kind  we  have  seen  for  many  a  day. 
Mr.  J.  Knightley,  gr.  to  Sir  Hereward  Wake,  Bart., 
Courteen  Hall,  Roade,  was  1st,  with  twelve  bunches  ; 
Mr.  G.  Watt  being  2nd.  These  two  occupied 
similar  positions  in  the  classes  for  six  bunches  of 
single,  and  the  same  of  double  zonal  Pelargoniums. 
The  Rev.  W.  H.  Jackson  had  the  best  twelve  bunches 
of  garden  flowers,  Mr.  J.  Knightley  being  2nd. 
Cut  flowers  were  also  well  shown  by  amateurs  and 
cottagers. 

Fruit. — In  the  open  class  for  six  dishes  Mr.  T. 
Hare,  gr.  to  R.  Neville,  Esq.,  Grantham,  was  1st, 
with  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
Grapes,  Pine,  Lord  Napier  Nectarines,  Violette 
Hative  Peaches,  and  Melon  ;  2nd,  Mr.  W.  L.  Bird, 
Daventry.  Mr.  H.  Beach,  The  Gardens,  Castle 
Ashley,  Northampton,  had  the  best  basket  of  fruit ; 
Mr.  T.  Hare  being  2nd.  The  best  six  dishes  in  the 
gardeners'  division  came  from  Mr.  FaiT,  gr.  to 
Sir  Rainald  Knightley,  Bart.,  Pawsley,  Daventry, 
■who  had  Black  Hamburgh  and  Dr.  Hogg  Grapes, 
Peaches,  Figs,  Melon,  and  Cherries ;  2nd,  Mr.  G. 
Watt.  Mr.  Beach  had  the  best  three  bunches  of 
Black  Hamburgh  Grapes ;  Mr.  D.  Percival  being 
a  good  2nd.  Mr.  T.  Hare  had  the  best  three 
bunches  of  white  Grapes,  staging  good  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  ;  Mr.  W.  L.  Bird  being  2nd  with  the 
same.  Melons,  Peaches,  Apricots,  Plums,  Apples 
dessert  and  culinary.  Pears,  Strawberries,  and 
Raspberries,  were  all  fairly  well  shown  in  their 
several  classes. 

Vegetables. — Very  good  vegetables  were  shown 
throughout,  and  especially  so  by  amateurs  and 
cottagers.  There  was  a  very  brisk  competition  for 
the  prizes  offered  for  collections  of  eight  varieties, 
Mr.  John  Abbott,  Wellingborough,  being  placed 
1st,  and  Mr.  Giles  Watt  2nd.  The  Potatos  were  of 
good  size,  clean  and  bright,  showing  that  there  is  a 
good  vegetable  soil  in  the  district. 

Tahlc  Decorations,  Bouquets,  ^c — Several  classes 
were  set  apart  for  ladies.  The  best  vase  or  stand  of 
flowers  came  from  Miss  Woolston,  Wellingborough  ; 
Miss  Gertrude  Sherman,  Wellingborough,  being  2nd. 
Mrs.  Clifford  had  the  best  stand  of  wild  flowers,  Miss 
Lucy  Watkins  being  2nd.  In  the  open  class  for  a  hand 
bouquet,  Mr.  J.  Parker  was  1st ;  Mr.  W.  Toseland, 
of  Kettering,  being  2nd.  Mrs.  Clifford  had  the  best 
bouquet  of  Roses,  Mrs.  Warner,  Pytchley,  being 
2nd. 

NEWBURY    HORTICULTURAL. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  the  above  Society  took 
place  on  August  1.  The  weather  being  exceedingly 
propitious,  it  was  attended  by  a  large  concourse  of 
people  from  the  town  and  surrounding  district.  The 
principal  tent — a  very  large  one — was  nicely  filled, 
and  chiefly  with  the  exhibits  for  the  prizes  offered  in 
Division  1,  open  to  all  England,  and  comprising  nine 
classes. 

Collection  of  six  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in 
bloom. — Ist,  Mr.  Mould,  Pewsey — in  this  lot  were 
good  plants  of  Erica  tricolor  Holfordi,  and  Statice 
profusa ;  2nd,  Mr.  Chas.  Howe,  gr.  to  Sir  Richard 
Sutton. 

Collection  of  six  variegated  or  remarkable  foliaged 
plants. — 1st,  ^Ir.  Chas.  Ross,  w  ith  a  good  lot,  com- 
prising Alocasia  macrorhiza  variegata,  Maranta 
zebrina,  Bonai)artea  gracilis,  Chamitrops  humilis, 
Croton  Eyre,  and  Cyperus  alternifolius  var.  variegata ; 
2nd,  Mr.  Chas.  Howe,  who  had  good  plants  of  Croton 
majesticus  var. 

Collection  of  twelve  exotic  Feme. — let,  Mr.  Chas. 
Howe,  with  large,  well-grown  plants. 

Collection  of  six  kinds  of  Coleue. — Ist,  Mr.  C. 
Midwinter,  for  a  well  grown  lot  of  plants  in  good 
colour. 

For  the  best  display  of  hardy  Ferns,  six  varieties. 
— This  only  brought  one  lot. 


Six  varieties  of  Fuchsias.— Mr.  R.  Lve,  gr.  to  W. 
H.  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  took  the  1st  prfze  with  well 
grown  plants. 

Four  varieties  of  Gloxinias.— One  exhibit,  which 
took  first  honours. 

Specimen  Plant.— 1st,  Mr.  C.  Shawe,  for  a  nicely 
grown  plant  of  Croton  Williamsii ;  2nd,  Mr.  C.  Ross, 
for  a  large  plant  of  Platyterium  alcicorne. 

A  Group  of  Plants,  12  by  8  feet :  the  prizes 
to  be  awarded  where  most  taste  is  displayed, 
quality  of  plants  being  ^o  taken  into  consideration. 
.—1st,  Mr.  C.  Ross,  for  a  nice  group  effectively 
arranged,  the  plants  of  good  qualitv  and  highly 
cultivated. 

Amongst  other  subjects  shown  in  this  division 
demanding  especial  notice  were  the  Zinnia  class  of 
six  varieties,  four  blooms  of  each  ;  these  were  well 
grown,  and  the  flowers  finely  developed  and  very  well 
set  up. 

Amongst  tlie  contributions  of  fruit  by  gentlemen's 
gardeners  we  noted  that  our  veteran  friend  and 
grower,  Mr.  Charles) Ross,  of  Welford  Park,  was  well 
in  the  fore,  his  three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh 
Grapes  being  very  fine.  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  from 
Mr.  Charles  Howe,  was  very  good.  Foster's  Seed- 
ling in  a  compact  bunch,  well  coloured,  took  the 
1st  prize  in  the  open  class  for  white  kinds  of 
Grapes ;  and  in  the  open  class  for  other  black 
kinds  Mr.  R.  Maher  was  1st.  with  tliree  bunches 
of  Gros  Maroc.  Peaches  were  sparingly  shown, 
but  the  dish  of  Barrington.  shown  by  Mr.  W.  Pope, 
was  very  fine  indeed.  Hardy  kinds  of  fruits,  as 
Currants,  Cherries,  &c.,  were 'not  over-plentiful  in 
this  class. 

Vegetables  were  shown  in  abundance,  and  gene- 
rally good.  Messrs,  Sutton  &  Sons,  Beading,  oft'ered 
jirizes  for  a  collection  of  eight  sorts.  Mr.  Lye,  gr. 
to  W.  H.  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  took  the  1st  prize  with  a 
superb  lot,  his  Onions,  Tomatos,  Carrots,  and 
Potatos  being  particularly  good ;  Mr.  W.  Pope,  gr. 
to  the  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  coming  in  a  good  2nd ; 
and  Mr.  James  Canning,  gr.  to  Captain  Ricardo,  3rd. 
For  the  best  collection  of  Potatos,  twelve  varieties, 
Mr.  W.  Pope  was  1st,  and  Mr.  R.  Lye  2nd.  Prizes 
for  vegetables  were  offered  liberally  to  mechanics, 
artizans,  and  cottagers,  and  very  excellent  examples 
of  the  chief  sorts  of  useful  vegetables  were  shown,  in 
good  condition.  A  division  for  amateurs  only  was 
well  patronised.  In  this  class  hardy  fruit  was  excep- 
tionally well  shown,  the  red,  white,  and  black 
Currants  being  above  average  merit.  G.  T.  Miles. 


ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  OF  ABER- 
DEEN. 

Tuis  Society  held  its  summer  show  on  the  29th 
and  30th  iilt.,  under  canvas  in  the  Duthie  Park, 
Aberdeen.  In  e>ery  respect  it  was  the  most  suc- 
cessful show  the  Society  has  held  for  manv  years. 
The  enthusiasm  called  forth  by  the  announcement  of 
certain  Jubilee  prizes  brought  out  a  considerable  in- 
crease of  entries,  and  keen  competition  as  the  result. 
Vegetables  are  always  a  special  feature  of  the 
summer  and  autumn  shows  of  this  Societv,  and  on 
this  occasion  were  quite  equal  to  anything  ever 
exhibited  before  at  the  summer  show.  The  selec- 
tions were  perfect,  and  the  specimens  in  every  class 
clean  and  well  grown.  Stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
were  well  exhibited  by  Mr.  Forest,  gr.,  Haddo 
House ;  Mr.  Proctor,  gr.,  Devanha  House ;  and 
Mr.  Edward  Noonan,  gr.,  Waterton,  who  keenly 
contested  between  them  the  honours  in  the  various 
classes  for  pot  plants.  Fruit  was  a  meagre  feature 
with  the  exception  of  Strawberries,  which,  being  in 
the  flush  of  the  crop  in  the  neighbourhood,  were 
both  numerous  and  fine.  Pelargoniums  of  the 
tricolor  and  bronze  sections  were  largely  exhibited, 
and  exceptionally  well  grown. 

The  leading  feature  consisted  of  the  several  tables 
put  up  in  competition  for  the  Jubilee  prizes.  These 
were  four  in  number,  and  being  open  to  all,  both 
gardeners  and  nurserymen  entered  the  lists.  The 
schedule  provided  that  the  tables  should  be  exhibits 
of  garden  produce  arranged  foi-  efi'ect.  hence  the 
union  of  pot  plants,  cut  flowers,  fruit,  and  vegetables 
which  was  presented  on  each  table.  The  result  of 
such  an  union  on  one  tabic  wius  novel  and  interesting, 
no  doubt,  but  from  an  artistic  point  of  view  could 
not  be  pronounced  a  success.  The  Ist  prize  went  to 
Mr.  Grigor,  gr.  to  A.  0.  Gill.  Esq.,  Fairfield  ;  the 
2nd  prize  to  Mr.  Proctor,  the  3rd  to  Mr.  Forest,  and 
the  4th  to  Messrs.  J.  Cocker  &  Sons,  nurservraen. 
Aberdeen.  The  table  of  the  latter  was  distinguished 
by  very  excellent  pot  plants  both  flowering  and 
foliage,  superior  cut  flowers,  including  magnificent 


Roses,  but  was  deficient  in  fruit  and  vegetables,  and 
therefore  did  not  meet  the  full  conditions  of  the 
schedule.  The  2ud  prize  table  contained  some  well 
bloomed  plants  of  Dendrobium  calceolus,  D. 
Pierardi,  Miltonia  vexillaria,  Dendrochilum  gluma- 
ceum,  and  other  Orchids. 

Florists'  flowers  were  numerous  and  on  the  whole 
very  well  grown.  Pinks  and  Carnations  and  Fansies 
being  numerous,  but,  owing  to  the  long-continued 
drought,  deficient  in  size  and  substance. 

Amongst  novelties  Messrs.  Cocker  exhibited  their 
new  i^uchsia  Countess  of  Aberdeen,  having  a  white 
corolla  and  white  sepals,  suffused  with  rose,  which 
received  a  First-class  Certificate.  They  had  also  a 
very  excellent  pure  white  Lobelia,  exhibited  for  the 
first  time,  and  named  Granite  City.  The  flowers  are 
not  so  large  as  those  of  many  whites,  but  it  is 
densely  floriferous,  and  yet  vigorous,  while  also  neat 
in  habit.  It  cannot  fail  to  become  a  great  favourite 
when  it  becomes  known,  as  it  is  one  of  the  best 
varieties  we  have  seen  for  bedding  purposes.  It 
received  a  First-class  Certificate. 

The  members  of  the  Scottish  Arboricultural  So- 
ciety were  invited  to  visit  the  show  by  the  com- 
mittee as  they  passed_through  Aberdeen  on  Sjiturday, 
and  about  forty  of  the  members  availed  themselves 
of  the  courtesy  extended  to  them,  and  were  gratified 
both  with  the  show  and  the  Duthie  Park,  which  was 
seen  by  many  of  them  for  the  first  time. 


SCOTTISH       HORTICULTURAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

The  ordinary  monthly  meeting  of  this  Association 
was  held  on  the  2nd  inst..  in  the  rooms,  5,  St. 
Andrew  Square,  Mr.  Greive,  Pilrig  Nurseries,  in  the 
chair.  Mr.  Ch.irles  Webster,  Gordon  Castle,  gave  a 
paper  on  "  The  Transplanting  of  Evergreen  Trees 
and  Shrubs."  Mr.  Webster  pointed  out  that  the 
most  important  factors  in  the  successful  transplanting 
of  evergreens  were  the  season  of  the  year,  the 
method  adopted,  and  the  treatment  after  the  opera- 
tion. In  alluding  to  the  old  dictum,  that  evergreens 
might  be  successfully  transplanted  in  any  of  the 
months  in  which  the  letter  "  r  "  occuned,  he  said  it 
might  fairly  apply  to  transplanting  small  nursery  stock 
if  due  attention  to  watering  were  given  afterwards, 
but  to  adopt  it  in  the  case  of  large  trees  and  shrubs 
would  be  only  to  court  failure.  The  months  which, 
in  his  experience,  at  Gordon  Castle,  proved  the  most 
favourable  for  transplanting,  were  April  and  Sep- 
tember, the  former  being  the  preferable  of  the 
two.  But  soil  and  situation  as  regards  aspect,  lati- 
tude and  altitude  and  shelter,  had  very  important 
influences  on  the  success  of  the  operation,  espe- 
cially in  the  case  of  very  large  plants.  The  advan- 
tages of  root-pruning  large  subjects  at  least 
twelve  months  prior  to  transplanting  was  dis- 
cussed, and  pruning  crowded  plants  by  thinning 
rather  than  by  anv  general  shortening  back  of  the 
branches,  was  considered  beneficial,  and  trenching 
the  ground  to  be  planted  some  time  before  it  was 
to  be  occupied  was  an  indispensable  condition  of 
success. 

A  discussion  followed,  in  which  Jlr.  Morrison,  Mr. 
Robertson  Munro,  Mr.  McKenzie,  Warriston,  and 
others,  took  part,  and  w^hich,  in  the  main,  showed  a 
general  concun*ence  of  opinion  in  the  principles  and 
practice  dealt  with  in  the  paper. 

A  paper  on  the  "  Climate  of  Scotland  "  was  read 
by  Mr.  Robertson  Munro.  The  object  of  the  writer 
was  to  show  that  the  climate  of  Scotland  had  not,  as 
was  alleged  by  some  authorities,  materially  changed 
for  centuries.  Beginning  with  the  year  1563  the 
writer  gave  copious  notes  of  the  weather  down  to 
1743.  These  notes  were  collated  from  various 
authorities  and  old  records,  and  went  to  show  that 
the  seasons  throughout  the  period  had  been  very 
much  like  those  which  were  recorded  in  more  recent 
years,  and  within  the  memory  of  those  living.  The 
paper  was  listened  to  with  gi-eat  interest,  and  the 
ivriter  was  accorded  a  warm  vote  of  thanks  for  the 
research  and  ability  displayed  in  it.  A  cordial  vote 
of  thanks  was  also  accorded  to  Mr.  ^^'ebster  for  his 
pajier. 

Messrs.  T.  Mcthven  &  Sons  exhibited  a  fine  spike 
of  the  inflorescence  of  Phormiiim  tenax.  Messrs. 
Dickson  &  Co..  showed  some  seedling  Carnations,  the 
most  important  of  which  was  an  excellent  pure  white, 
named  Nelly  Anderson,  and  a  miscellaneous  Collection 
of  stove  and  greenhouse  flowers.  Mr.  Robertson 
Munro.  some  twenty  species  and  varieties  of  hardy 
perennial  flowers,  including  his  valuable  Matricaria 
inodora  Snowflake,  the  flowers  of  which  are  pore 
white  from  centre  to  circumference. 


AmscsT  18,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE 


203 


Forestry. 


The  Heport  of  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House 
of  Commons  appointed  to  consider  whether,  by  the 
establishment  of  a  Forest  School,  or  otherwise,  our 
woodlands  could  be  rendered  more  remunerative, 
have  issued  their  report.  They  say  that : — "  The 
woodlands  belonging  to  the  State  are  comparatively 
small,  though,  even  as  regards  them,  the  difference 
between  skilled  and  unskilled  management  would 
itself  more  than  repay  the  cost  of  a  Forest  School. 
The  woodlands  in  private  hands,  however,  are  far 
more  considerable,  and  the  total  area  of  woodlands 
amounts,  according  to  the  agricultural  accounts,  to 
2,788,000  acres,  viz. :— England,  1,466,000  acres  ; 
Wales,  163,000  acres;  Scotland,  829,000  acres; 
Ireland.  330,000  acres.  Moreover,  strong  evidence 
has  been  given  before  the  committee  that  large 
tracts  of  land  in  the  United  Kingdom,  espe- 
cially in  Scotland  and  Ireland,  might  be  planted 
with  advantage.  The  forests  in.  India  and  the 
Colonies  must  also  be  taken  into  consideration, 
so  that  on  the  whole  the  forest  area  in  the 
British  Empire  is  greater  than  that  belonging  to 
any  other  country.  The  committee  is  satisfied 
that,  so  far  as  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  are  con- 
cerned, the  management  of  woodlands  might  be 
materially  improved,  so  that  some  considerable  pro- 
portion of  the  timber  now  imported,  to  the  value  of 
£16,000,000,  might,  under  more  skilful  management, 
be  raised  at  home.  The  witnesses  examined  before 
the  committee  have  been  generally  and  strongly  of 
opinion  that  the  establishment  of  forest  schools,  or, 
at  any  rate,  of  some  organised  system  of  forest 
instruction,  would  be  very  desirable.  As  regards 
the  formation  of  a  forest  school,  more  than  one 
centre  of  instruction  would  be  desirable :  though,  in 
the  first  instance,  it  might  be  well  to  establish  one 
school  only,  in  order  to  secure  the  most  complete 
equipment,  the  best  teachers,  and  a  sufficiency  of 
students.  This  school  would  doubtless  be  situated 
in  England,  but  a  school  for  Scotland  is  also 
urgently  needed,  and  it  would  probably  be  de- 
sirable to  found  another  in  Ireland.  As  regards 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  the  demand  would  be 
principally  for  instruction  adapted  to  the  needs 
of  land  agents,  foresters,  and  wood-reeves.  Even  as 
regards  ordinary  woodmen,  the  committee  considers 
that  a  certain  amount  of  simple  and  practical  in- 
struction would  be  very  useful.  Apart  from  the 
question  of  actual  profit  derived  from  tree  planting, 
its  importance  as  an  accessory  to  agriculture  is 
shown  by  the  effects  which  woods  have  in  affording 
shelter  and  improving  the  climate  ;  and  the  com- 
mittee are  of  opnion  that,  whilst  on  public  and 
national  grounds  timber  cultivation  on  a  more 
scientific  system  should  be  encouraged,  landowners 
might  make  their  woods  more  remunerative  were 
greater  attention  paid  to  the  selection  of  trees  suit- 
able to  different  soils,  and  to  more  skilful  manage- 
ment after  the  trees  are  planted.  There  would  be 
considerable  social  and  economical  advantages  in  an 
extensive  system  of  planting  in  many  parts  of  the 
kingdom,  especially  on  the  west  side  of  Ireland  and 
in  the  Highlands  of  Scotland.  The  committee  recom- 
mends the  establishment  of  a  Forest  Board,  and 

1.  That  the  Board  should  be  presided  over  by  a  re- 
sponsible official  (an  expert  by  preference)  appointed 
by  the  Government,  and  reporting  annually  to  some 
department  of  the  Government. 

2.  That  the  Board  should  be  so  constituted  as  to 
comprise  the  principal  agencies  interested  in  the 
promotion  of  a  sounder  knowledge  of  forestry,  espe- 
cially the  various  teaching  and  examining  bodies,  as 
well  as  the  professional  societies. 

3.  That  the  following  bodies  should  be  in- 
vited to  send  delegates  to  the  Board  ; — The  Koyal 
Agricultural  Society  of  England,  the  Highland  and 
Agricultural  Society  of  Scotland,  the  Royal  Dublin 
Society,  the  Office  of  Woods  and  Forests,  the  Lin- 
nean  Society,  the  Surveyors'  Institution,  the  Eng- 
lish Arboricultural  Society,  the  Scottish  Arboricul- 
tural  Society,  and  that  the  Director  of  Kew  Gardens 


should  be  a  member  c.r  officio.  That  the  Board 
should  also  comprise  three  members  of  each  House 
of  Parliament,  and  a  certain  number  of  owners  or 
managers  of  large  woodlands,  a  preference  in  the 
latter  case  being  given  to  those  who  are  in  a  position 
to  afford  facilities  for  study  in  their  woods. 

4.  That  the  functions  of  the  Board  should  be : — 
(ff)  To  organise  forest  schools,  or,  at  any  rate,  a 
course  of  instruction  in  forestry ;  (6)  to  make  pro- 


students  for  examination,  by  a  system  of  exemption 
from  examination  in  certain  preliminary  subjects,  in 
respect  of  which  the  candidates  could  produce  a 
certificate  of  proficiency. 


Fig.  50.— siuex  hk;^ 


vision  for  examinations;  (')  to  prepare   an  official 
syllabus  and  text-book. 

5.  That  the  examiners  should  be  required  to 
examine  in  the  following  subjects,  namely : — («) 
Practical  forestry;  {h)  botany;  (c)  vegetable  phy- 
siology and  entomology,  especially  in  connection  with 
diseases  and  insects  affecting  the  growth  of  trees  ; 
{(1)  geology,  with  special  reference  to  soils  ;  (e)  sub- 
jects connected  with  land  agency,  such  as  land 
drainage,  surveying,  timber  measuring,  &c. 


Fig.  51.— pixe  sawfly.    (see  p.  204.) 


The  expense  of  secretarial  staff  and  examiners 
need  not,  in  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  exceed 
£500  a  year,  and  the  cost  might  be  considerably 
reduced  by  fees  for  diplomas. 

The  fact  that  the  Indian  Government  already 
incurs  some  expense  in  promoting  the  education  of 
forestry  students  for  the  Indian  Service  suggests  the 
adoption  of  the  Royal  Indian  Engineering  College 
at  Cooper's  Hill  as  a  nucleus  for  the  proposed  forestry 
instruction. 

Inducements  might  be  offered  to  the  Agricultural 
Colleges  and  the  Surveyors'  Institution  to  send  their 


The  Weather. 


:cumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees — a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperatuee. 

Above  or 

Accumulated. 

sa 

Sp 

below   the 

I, 

t^ 

2^ 

z*~* 

Mean  for 

'S.tt' 

■2  j« 

«  0 

the    week 

H 

!.i  S 

ending 

v$. 

Aug.  8. 

¥ 

|5 

Above  42 
from  Mea 

4, 
Below  42 
from  Mea 

4, 

Pr 

ucipal    Wheat^pro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day-  I  Day- 

ducing  Districts. 

deg. 

deg. 

deg.      deg. 

0 

Scotland,  N.    ... 

I  above 

102 

0 

+  203+    37 

1 

Scotland,  E.    ... 

2  above 

120 

0 

+  253!+    40 

2 

England,  N.E.... 

at  above 

laj 

0 

+  146  +    82 

3 

England,  E.     ... 

0  (aver.) 

136 

0 

+    35  +  168 

4 

Midland  Cos.  ... 

1  above 

142 

0 

+    90|+  166 

5 

England,  S. 

2  above 

118 

0 

+     15  +  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 

Districts. 

6. 

Scotland,  W.   ... 

1  above 

112 

0 

+  136;+    47 

7. 

England.N.W.... 

2  above 

137 

0 

+  114  +  118 

8. 

England.S.W.  ... 

1  above 

138 

0 

+  107  +  172 

9. 

Ireland,  N. 

1  above 

125 

0 

+  276  +    23 

10. 

Ireland,  S. 

3  above 

142 

0 

+  283^+    97 

- 

Channel  Islands 

4  above 

160 

0 

+    65+     77 

Raintall 

Bright 
sukshine. 

Districts. 

0.3 

5      J= 

ill 

Principal     Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Tenths    of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

4  more 

129 

23.2 

19 

25 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

2  less 

95 

11.7 

44 

35 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

6  less 

81 

7.6 

50 

35 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

5  leas 

77 

8.7 

72 

44 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

6  less 

74 

9.2 

63 

38 

6.  England,  S. 

5  less 

72 

9.0 

72 

42 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W,  ... 

1  less 

103 

19.9 

49 

37 

7.  England.N.W,... 

7  less 

73 

11.6 

54 

39 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

8  less 

78 

10.9 

76 

48 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

3  more 

98 

15.8 

38 

36 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

7  less 

82 

13.4 

41 

43 

—  Channel  Islands 

5  less 

86 

9.2 

83 

52 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Aug.  8,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office ; — 

"  The  weather  continued  fine  and  dry  over  England 
during  the  whole  period,  but  in  the  northern  part.s 
of  Ireland  and  Scotland  the  conditions,  though  fair 
or  fine  at  first,  subsequently  became  dull  and  un- 
settled, with  some  heavy  falls  of  rain. 

"  The  temperature  has  been  above  the  mean  in 
nearly  all  districts,  the  excess  ranging  from  1°  to  4^. 
The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which  were  generally 
recorded   on   the   6th,   varied   from  73°  to  83°  in 


204 


THE    GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AuQusT  13,  1887. 


Ireland  and  Scotland,  and  from  82°  to  89°  over 
England.  The  lowest  of  the  minima,  which  were 
registered  during  the  earlier  days  of  the  period, 
ranged  from  36°  in  '  Scotland,  E..'to  42°  in  '  Ireland, 
S.,'  and  '  England,  E.,'  and  to  43°  in  '  Scotland,  N. ; ' 
in  the  '  Channel  Islands  '  the  lowest  reading  was  50°. 
The  range  of  temperature  over  central  and  southern 
England  was  very  large ;  at  Strathfield  Turgiss  it 
was  as  much  as  47°,  and  at  Hereford  48°. 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  in 
'  Scotland,  N.'  and  Ireland,  N.,'  but  less  in  all  other 
districts  ;  over  England  rain  has  been  almost  entirely 
absent. 

"  Bright  sunshine  has  been  more  prevalent  than  it 
was  last  week  in  nearly  all  places,  the  percentage  of 
the  possible  amount  of  duration  ranging  from  19 
in  '  Scotland,  N.'  to  between  50  and  75  over  the 
greater  part  of  England,  and  to  83  in  the  '  Channel 


MEAN  TEMPEHATUEE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
ING THE  -WEEK  ENDING  AUGUST  20.  (AVERAGE 
OF  FORTY-THREE  YEARS.) 


Aug.  14   ...        . 

...    62°.5 

Aug.18 

..    62°.0 

..    15  ... 

.        ...    62<'.4 

„    19 

..  ei^.s 

„    16   ... 
„    17   ... 

...    62'=.3 
...    62'>.1 

„    20 

Mean  for  the  week 

.    62°.l 

Enquiries. 


*•  He  that  guestioneth  much  shall  learn  much." — Bacon . 

Spirits  from  Daffodil  Bulbs. — In  the  Gar- 
deners' Chronicle,  1875,  p.  301,  it  is  stated  that  a 
spirit  has  been  distilled  from  the  roots  of  Daffodils, 
or  Narcissi,  in  Algeria,  and  that  in  1855  a  decree 
was  made  in  France  that  the  said  spirit  might  be  im- 
ported free  of  duty.  Can  any  correspondent  tell  me 
if  the  manufacture  is  still  going  on?  I  quote  this 
passage  in  connection  with  a  statement  recently 
made  to  me,  that  the  monks  at  the  Grande  Char- 
treuse grow  large  plots  of  Daffodils,  which  they  use 
in  the  fabrication  or  flavouring  of  their  celebrated 
liqueur.  Any  information  as  to  either  of  the 
queries  above  raised  will  be  cordially  (!)  welcomed. 

/''.  jr.  B. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Black  Rot  in  Grapes  :  Peter.  We  believe  there  is 
no  known  cure  for  this  malady  of  the  Vine. 

Clover  ;  C.  B.  The  too  common  Dodder,  Cuscuta 
Europaja,  a  parasitic  plant  that  feeds  on  the 
Clover.  You  have  bought  some  cheap  uncleaned 
seed,  and  must  submit  to  the  penalty.  Kake  it  up 
and  burn  it  at  once,  so  far  as  possible. 

Coke  Delivery  :  JF.  M.  The  charge  is  quite  fail' — 
indeed,  you  have  had  a  slight  advantage. 

Insects  :  Gopsall.  Sirex  gigas,  an  insect  that  is 
often  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  woods  in  great 
numbers  ;  the  laivx  live  in  wood,  and  sometimes 
commit  great  ravages  in  Larch  plantations  (see 
fig.  50), — Bedouin.  Your  Scotch  and  other  Firs 
are  attacked  by  the  larv£E  of  the  feather-homed 
saw-fly  (Lophyrus  Pini),  (see  fig.  51).  They  are 
now  full  gi'own.  and  many  .are  already  changed 
to  pupa;,  so  that  the  best  thing  will  be  to 
sweep  the  ground  under  the  trees  clean  and 
burn  the  rubbish  in  which  many  of  the  pupa; 
have  nestled.  /.  0.  W. — J.  C.  Your  Vine  and 
Rose  borders  are  greatly  infested  with  a  species  of 
Polydesmus  (or  hundred-legs),  probably  imported. 
They  may  be  trapj)ed  with  slices  of  Carrots,  Tur- 
nips, or  Potatos.  /.  0.  W.—T.  W.  The  leaves  of 
your  Reeds  have  had  their  parenchyma  eaten  to  a 
great  extent  by  the  larvte  of  a  minute  subcutaneous 
species  of  Muscida:,  which  have  been  in  many  in- 
stances destroyed  by  a  still  smaller  green  Ptero- 
malus.  The  mischief  is  done  for  the  present. 
I.  0.  IV. 

Ferns  of  New  Zealand  :  De  B.  Crawshay.  Sir  J. 
D.  Hooker's  Handbook  of  the  J^ew  Zealund  Flora 
will  give  you  all  tlie  rerpiired  information. 

Instruction  in  Farmino  :  Planidus.  Consult  the 
Editor  of  the  Agricultural  Gazette. 

Lily  of  the  Valley  :  Swindon  Hall.  Send  to  T. 
Jannock,  Lily  Nursery,  Dersingham,  King's  Lynn, 
for  his  pamphlet  on  growing  this  flower. 


Names  of  Plants  :  8.  F.  ^  Co.  A  Hyoscyamus, 
but  whether  H.  niger  or  H.  aureus  we  cannot  tell 
from  the  scrap  sent.— 2>.  T.  F.  Salicornia  herbacea, 
Lupinus  luteus. — Cymra.  1,  Euonymus  japonicus 
variegatus  ;  2,  Golden  Arbor-vitie  ;"  3,  not  known  ; 
4,  a  variety  of  the  common  Arbor-vita;,  Thuia 
orientalis  ;  5,  Cephalotaxus  drupacea  ;  6,  Santo- 
Una  chamiecyparis ;  7,  Juniperus  communis;  8, 
Escallonia  macrantha  ;  9,  not  recognisable ;  10, 
not  known. — G.  S.  1,  Pimelea  decussata;  2,  not 
recognised  ;  3,  Acalypha  rubra  ;  4,  Hemerocallis 
fulva,  double  flowered  ;  6,  not  recognised  ;  6,  Iresine 
Lindeni. — P.  tf  S.  Viburnum  Lantana,  wild  shrub 
on  chalky  soil. — J.  W.  W.  1  and  2,  Quercus,  im- 
possible to  name  with  certainty  without  acorn- 
cups,  &c.  ;  3,  Q.  sessiliflora  (form  of) ;  4,  Q. 
Cerris  (form  of). — E.  G.  M.  I,  Echinops  sphaero- 
cephalus  ;  2,  Chlorophytum  Sternbergianum.  — 
J.  H.  Calystegia  pubescens. — J.  M.  Rubus  laci- 
niatus,  often  to  be  found  in  nurseries.  Both  for 
foliage  and  fruit  it  is  worth  a  place  in  the  wild 
garden. — J.  M.  Balsamita  vulgaris,  the  Costraary 
or  Alecost  of  the  old  herbalists.—//.  B.  1,  Pteris 
cretica  albo-lineata  ;  2,  Adiantum  concinnum 
latum ;  3,  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla  Lauche- 
ana  ;  4,  Gymnogramma  decomposita. — B.  A.  1, 
Abutilon  moUissimum ;  2,  Spiriea  Fortunei ;  3, 
Mesembryanthemums;  4,  Begonia  Weltoniensis  X. 
— B.  A.  1.  Pteris  cretica  var. ;  2,  Pteris  serrulata 
cristata ;  3,  C'roton  intcrruptus  ;  4,  Pteris  adiau- 
toides ;  5,  Adiantum  cuneatum  grandiceps  ;  6,  Do- 
ryopteris  palmata ;  7,  Adiantum  tenerum ;  8, 
Adiantum  excisum  multifidum. — D.  L.  M.  Stan- 
hopea  occulata. — J.  M.,  Merton.  Saponaria  oflici- 
nalis.  The  Fern  is  Onychium  japonicum  (0. 
lucidum).— J.  E.  The  little  plant  in  the  bottle, 
from  which  your  friend  makes  a  kind  of  drink, 
is  the  so-called  Ginger  Beer  plant — a  fungus 
that  developes  to  a  large  size  when  kept  in  sweet- 
ened water  in  a  warm  place.  See  Gardeners' 
Chrunicle,  p.  542,  April  26,  1S84,  for  a  full  descrip- 
tion of  it. — 0.  0.  Please  send  .another  specimen 
when  we  will  name  it. 
New  Pea  :  E.  M.  Your  Pea  is  a  su])erior  one 
— large,  good  colour,  pod  of  moderate  length,  and 
much  more  sugary,  both  in  the  raw  state  and 
cooked,  than  many  others  in  the  market. 
Phylloxera  on  the  Oak  :  J.  H.  K.  There  is  no 
doubt  whatever  that  the  insect  on  the  Oak  is  not 
tlie  same  as  that  on  the  Vine  ;  and,  moreover,  tliat 
the  Phylloxera  of  the  Vine  will  not  live  on  any 
other  phant  but  the  Vine.  The  foreign  Govern- 
ments, with  their  absurd  regulations,  have,  as  we 
said  from  the  first,  created  great  inconvenience 
and  loss,  without  the  slightest  compensating 
advantage.  They  have  ignored  all  the  teachings 
of  science,  which,  in  this  case  at  least,  were  quite 
free  from  all  doubt.  Even  Germany,  where  know- 
ledge is  more  widely  disseminated  than  elsewhere, 
is  in  this  matter  as  stupid  as  the  rest. 
Potting  Plants  ;  J.  F.  We  do  not  suppose  a  good 
hand  would  transfer  more  tlian  1500  plants  frpni 
go's  into  48's,  in  a  working  day  of  ten  and  a  half 
hours,  and  even  then  everything  must  be  to  his 
hand,  and  the  potted  stufl"  removed  quicklv. 
Rose  :  J.  S.  The  moss-like  growth  is  the  work  of 
an  insect  (Cynips  rosie).  It  is  called  in  some 
parts  of  the  country  Robin's  Pincushion. 
Twelve  Zonal  Pelaegonicms  for  Pots  :  H.  W. 
jNIr.  H.  Cannell,  crimson  and  maroon ;  Swanlev 
Gem,  bright  salmon  ;  Scarlet  Cloth,  rich  shade  of 
scarlet ;  Miranda,  magenta  ;  Lord  Chesterfield, 
solt  shade  of  magenta;  Plutarch,  bright  scarlet, 
white  eye;  Mrs.  Norris,  massive  scarlet,  dwarf  and 
free :  Advance,  scarlet,  good  form  ;  Cato,  orange- 
scarlet  ;  W.  H.  Williams,  rich  crimson,  suffused 
purple,  white  eye ;  Commander-in-Chief,  rich 
scarlet,  free,  good  trusses,  as  a  winter  bloomer  un- 
surpassed ;  Golden  Glory,  deep  scarlet,  suflfused 
orange,  great  substance,  one  of  the  best. 
Twelve  Evergreen  SHRrss  for  Churchyard, 
Morecambe  Bay  :  B.  H.  E.  Arbutus  Unedo ; 
*Berberisaquifolium;  *B.  dulcis;  Cerasus  colchica; 
C.  lusitanica  (Portugal  Laurel) ;  Daphniphyllum 
glaucescens  ;  *Euonymus  japonicus,  and  varieties  ; 
*Garrya  elliptica  :  *Hypericum  calycinum,  as  a  low 
shrub  to  plant  in  shady  places  ;  Ilex  aquifolinm 
(common  Holly),  many  varieties;  Laurus  nobilis 
(Sweet  Bay)  ;  Quercus  Ilex  ;  *Irish  Yews,  Plant 
this  month  or  next.  Get  plants  with  good  balls  of 
earth  if  you  can,  and  see  that  the  plants  are  well 
syringed  overhead  in  dry  weather.  Those  marked 
with  an  asterisk  are  of  small  growth,  and  would  be 
suitable  for  the  narrow  part  of  the  place. 


ToMATOs  :  Market  Grower  and  W.  E.  H.  The  leaves 
are  affected  with  the  Tomato  disease.  As  the 
spawn  grows  from  the  inside  we  fear  there  is  no 
cure.    Burn  the  plants,  as  it  will  spread. 

Vines  :  X.  L.  J.  We  do  not  see  any  Phylloxera ; 
watch,  and  send  again.    Look  to  the  roots. 

White-flowkred  Beoonla  :  H,  H,  D,  We  find 
nothing  remarkable  in  it. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Waite,  Nash  &  Co.,  79,  Southwark  Street,  London, 
S.E. — Flower  Roots,  Wholesale  List. 

Vilmorin-Andhiedx  et  Cie.,  4,  Quai  de  la  Megis- 
serie,  Paris — Bulbs  and  Strawberries. 


Communications  RECErvED:~E.  P.,  Ghent.— E.  J.  C.  B.— 
O.  G.  (with  thanis).— K.  V.— C.  D.— W.  B.  H.— E.  G.— B.  S. 
W.— W.  B.— H.  Hincks.— E.  W.  W.— E.  H.— R.  B.  L.  &  Son. 
— W,  B.  H.— W.  K.— E.  A.  R.— J.  R.  J.— W.  E.— W.  K. 
(next  week).— Probus.— Miss  E.  P. 


Markets. 

COVENT  GARDEN,  August  11. 
No  alteration  in  prices.    Trade  quiet.  James  ll'cb- 
ber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fbuit.— Average  Wsolesai,e  Fbiceb. 


Apples,  f  .sieve   13-36 

Cherries,  J-sieve  ...  6  0-10  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  10-26 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  0  9-13 
Kent  Filberts,  100  lb.50  0-  ... 
Lemons,  per  caae   ...12  0-21  0 


Melons,  each  ...  16-33 

Peaches,  dozen        ...  2  0-80 
Pine-apple3.Eng.,lb.  10-16 


Vegetablks— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  p.  doz....  4  0-  ... 

Aubergines,  each    ...  0  -1-  ... 

Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  ^-  ... 

Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 


Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6- 
Cauliflowers,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Celery,  per  bundle...  16-20 
Cucumbers,  each  ...  0  6-  1  0 
Endive,  per  dozen  ...  3  0-  ... 
Green  Mint,  bunch...  0  4-  ... 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ...  0  4-  ... 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ...  0  3-  ... 
Lettuce,  per  dozen...  2  0-50 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each...  0  3-  ... 

Potatos. — Jerseys  about  finished.  Kents,  2s.  6rf.  to  45.  per 
bushel ;  Cherbourgs,  4s.  to  ^s. ;  Roses,  bs.  to  ^s. ;  Beauties, 
6s.  to  7s.  per  cwt.    Markets  heavy. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Frioes. 


«.  rf.  s.  d. 

Mushrooms,  punnet  16-20 
Mustard    and  Cress, 

punnet      0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel...  4  0-  ... 
Parsley,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Peas,  per  quart  ...  1  6-  ... 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ...  4  0-  5  0 

,.  kidney,  percwt.  4  0-50 
Shallots,  per  lb.  ...  0  3-  ... 
Spinach,  per  bushel...  5  0-  ... 
Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 

Tomatos,  per  lb.  ...  0  9-  ... 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  8-  ... 
Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2-  ... 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Asters,  per  dozen  ...  4 
Balsams,  per  dozen...  3 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ...  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen 30 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9 
Euonymus,  in    var., 

per  dozen 6 


per  dozen ( 

Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

dozen         * 

Ficus  elastica,  each  .  : 
Foliage  plants,  vari- 


0-18  0     Fuchsias,  doz.  ...  3  0-90 

0-  6  0  I  Heliotrope,  dozen  ...  4  0-80 
0-6  0  Hydrangeas,  doz.  ...  9  0-12  0 
0-9  0     Lilium   longiflorum, 

0-12  0  I      per  dozen 18  0-24  0 

I    —  laucifolium,   per 

0-60  0  I      dozen  9  0-18  0 

0-24  0  i  Lobelias,  dozen      ...  3  0-40 

Mignonette,  doz.    ...  4  0-60 
0-18  0  ,  Musk,  per  dozen    ...  2  0-40 

Myrtles,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  0 

0-24  0    Palms,  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  0 

!  Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 

0-18  0       —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

6-7  0       —  Ivy-leaved,   doz.  2  0-40 

Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-  9  0 
0-10  0    Scented  Verbena, doz.  4  0-60 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilona,  12  bun  ... 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  bunches... 

—  French,  per  bun. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  blms. 

—  dozen  bunches... 
Cornflower,  12  bun. 
Eucliaris,  per  dozen 
Gardeaias.  12  blooms 
Heliotropes,  12  spr. 
Jasmine,  white,  bun. 
Lilium    longiflorum, 

12  blooms 

—  lancifolium,12bl. 
Lavender,  12  bun.  ... 
Marguerites,  12  bun. 


2  0-40 

3  0-50 
3  0-40 
10-20 
0  6-10 
0  6-10 
3  0-60 
10-20 
3  0-60 
3  0-60 
0  6-10 
0  6-09 

3  0-60 
16-20 

4  0-50 
3  0-60 


Mignonette,  12  bun.  1  ( 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...  2  ( 
Pelargoniums.  12  spr.  0  t 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  ■, 
Pinks,  coloured  and 

white,  12  bun.  ...  2  ( 
Primulas,  double,  12 

Pyrethrum,  12  buu.V.  2  i 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  t 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  ( 

—  red,perdozen  ...  0  f 

—  Saffrano,  dozen...  0  t 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  ( 
TropEBolimis,  12  bun.  1  ( 
Tuberoses,  12  blms....  0  * 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Sprr.\LriEn>s :  Aiiijust  D.  —  "With 
increasc'd  supplies  prices  are  easier,  except  for  fine 
good  samples,  which  uphold  their  value.  Quota- 
tions :— Hobrons,  lOO^.  to  H30.^^  ;  Early  Roses,  Ws.  to 
1105.;  Myatts,  \QOs.  to  1405.;  Jersey  and  French 
flukes,  1105.  to  1205.  per  ton. 


ArGusT  13,  1887.] 


TEE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


205 


ORCHID      PEAT. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall  Street, 
•  London.  E.G..  having  received  the  highest  of  testi- 
monials (unsolicited)  from  one  of  the  largest  Orchid  Growers 
in  England,  stating  the  3  trucks  of  ORCHID  PEAT  just  re- 
ceived, to  be  by  far  the  best  ever  introduced,  are  therefore  in- 
duced to  place  this  fact  before  consumers.  Samples  can  be 
seen  at  above  address,  or  forwarded  on  application. 

A.  JOHNSON  AND  CO.  have  also  an  estate  with  some  good 
GENERAL  PEAT  upon  it. 


EPPS'S    SELECTED    PEAT 

Is  acltnowledged  to  be  the  best  tor  all  kinds  of  CHOICE 
PLANTS,  FERNS.  HEATHS,  &c.  ;  and  their 

Specially  Selected  do.  for  Orchids, 

bv  innumerableunsolicitedTestimoni.ils.  Rhododendron  PEAT, 
LEAF-MOULD.  LOAM,  SAND.  SPHAGNUM,  COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE,  CHARCOAL,  &c..  and  all  kinds  of  Garden  Requisites, 
and  NURSERY  STOCK.    For  Price  List  and  Testimonials, 

EPPS  &  CO.,    RINGWOOD,    HANTS. 

JENSEN'S 


Every  grain  fertili 


...,..-. o  ^v,......^    the  Guano  is  perfectly 

^.     *«  .o   ^o3t  economical,  one  part  of  Manure  to 
lOO  parts  of  soil  being  ample  for  gardeo  i 


Write  for  Pamphlet,  Testimoniala  and  Instructions. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker'a  analysis  guaranteed.     FISH-POT.\SFI 
contains  Ammonia,  Phosphates  and   Potash  in  large 
proportions,    which    are   the    principal    elements   of 
fertilization. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is. ;   in  Bags,  7Ibs.,  2s.  ;    Ulbs., 

4s.;  28  lbs.,  6s.  6d.;  66  lbs.,  10s.  6d.:  1  cwt., 

16s.;   2  cwt.,  30s.,  carriage  paid.    Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


GtARDEN  and  FARM  REQUISITES.— 
r  Archangel,  Petersburg.  Garden  and  Packing  MATS  of 
every  description.  RAFFIA,  TOBACCO  PAPER,  and  CLOTH  ; 
GREENHOUSE  SHADINGS  of  all  kinds;  PEAT,  LOAM, 
SILVER-SAND,  and  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE;  GARDEN 
NETTING  and  TOOLS ;  RICK-CLOTHS  and  TARPAULINS 
for  sale  or  hire;  MARQUEE,  TENT,  and  FLAG  Makers; 
JUBILEE  TENT,  26s.  each,  complete. 

SLY,  DIBBLE  and  CO..  129.   Commercial  Street,  London,  E. 
Illustrated  Catalogues  post-free. 

The  Best  Manure  for  all  Horticultural  Purposes  Is 

RICHARD  MANN  and  GO.'S 
UNIVERSAL  FERTILISER. 
It  is  the  most  effective  and  permanent  fertiliser  in  the 
market.  We  have  taken  over  1000  First  Prizes  tor  Plants, 
Flowers,  Fruits,  and  Vegetables  grow-n  with  this  Manure.  In 
tins.  Is.  ;  bags,  7  lb.,  2s.  id.  :  14  lb.,  4s.  6rf.  ;  28  lb..  7s.  6rf.  ; 
56  lb..   12s.   Qd. ;   112  lb.,  20s.,  all  carriage  paid.     We  also 


supply  finest  quality  Fish  Guano,  pure  Dissolved  Bones, 
Crushed    Bones,   in  1    cwt.  bags.   10s.,  carriage    paid. 
Voelcker's  Analysis  guaranteed.    Cash  with  order. 

RICHARD  MANN  and  CO..  Howden,  East  Yorkshii 


Dr. 


THE       ACME 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 
10,  St.  Helen's  Place,  London,  E.G. 


WEED-KILLER,  for  destroying  Weeds  on  Carriage  Drives, 
Garden  Walks,  Stable  Yards,  &c.  Prices; — Per  gallon,  2s., 
tins  included  ;  5  gallons,  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallons.  Is.  id, 
per  gallon.    One  gallon  makes  26  gallons. 

WORM-KILLER,  for  eradicating  worms  from  Tennis 
Courts,  Lawns,  and  Plants  in  Pots.  Prices: — In  bottles, 
Is.  'id.  and  25.  6(f  ;  per  gallon,  6s. 

THE     "INVICTA"     INSECTICIDE. 

For  destroying  insects  nnd  parasites,  such  Bs  mealy-bug, 
scale,  thrips,  red  spider,  Americnn  blight,  &c.  In  tins.  Is.  33. 
and  25.  6<^. ;  per  gallon,  9^. 

The  "INVICTA"  MILDEW  DESTBOYEB, 

Roses,  Vines,  &c. 
K)ttk'9,  is.  and  L's. 

Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers. 

THE  AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY, 

TONBRIDGE,  KENT. 

Sold   by   Seedsmen  and    Florists. 

Note. — There  is  no  branch  of  our  business  at  Glasgow  or 

elsewhere,  and  we  are  not  connected  with  any  company  of  a 


I  Domestic&Jafer-  Sii  ddIvI 

I  RIDER'S   PBtent  HOT  AIR 

©  Household  Pumping  engine, 

©       with  pEtent 


IREMOVABLE 

i  Furnace  I 


©      Sole  Makers, 

%Ha\wardJyler&C^ 


Cost  of     i 
raising  % 

10  0  0  Gaimt 

&0  ft. High  I 

ONE  PENNY.i 


THE  GARDENERS'   CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,  W.C. 

,      , 1887. 


Please  send  me  "  The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "  for  _ 


^Months, 


_,for  lohich  I  enclose  P.0.0._ 


commencing 

gS"  Please  Note  tliat  all  Copies  sent  Direct  from  tUs  Office  must  be  paid  for  In  advance.  ,M 

THE  rNITED  KIXGDOM  :— 12  Months,  15s. ;  6  Months.  7s.  6d. ;  3  Months,  3s.  9d. ;   Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) ;— Including  Postage,  17s.  6rf.  for  12  Months.    India  and  China,  19s.  6( 

Receipts  for  les3  than  six  montha'  subscription  will  not  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 

P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office, 
No.     42,    DBUBY    LANE,     London,     to    "W.     RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2*.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  5s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  75.  6d.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WAXKER  AND  CO..  Famboro' Station.  Hants. 

ISHURST   COMPOUND,   used  by  leading 

Gardener?  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thripg,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  agamst 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes,  1j.,  3s..  and  10s.  6rf. 

GISHimSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6rf.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  CLASS. 

Packages  and  packintj  frcf.  a'ld  iii'lu-ci\-<t  ^/  any  Loiuion  Station. 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 

15  oz.     21  oz. 

300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6, 
15/6  or  260  squares  8J  by  6},  or  220 
19/-  squares,  9J  by  6^,  or  170  squares, 
24/-    9  by  7},  or  150  squares.  10  by  8, 


11/- 
13/- 
17/6 
13/- 
-  21/- 
20    „  12    „    24/- 


12 


31/- 


)/-    for  10s.    Carriage  paid  for  all  o 
:S3. 


35/- 
Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.     PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  bd.  per  pound.    Special  quotationa 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LE.iD    AND    GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
14,  Moor  Lane,  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.C. 

Use  Antimonial 

EED      RUBBER 
GARDEN  HOSE. 

Originated  by  me  when  with  Merrtweather  &  Sons,  and 
guaranteed  made  from  pure  Para  Fibrous  Rubber,  with 
genuine  antimony. 

Order  any  length  direct,  with  or  without  Fittings,  at  Stores' 
Prices,  and  avoid  worthless  counterfeit  hose. 

PUMPS,  WATER  BARROWS.  LAWN  FOI.TNTAINS, 
GARDEN  ENGINES,  CANVAS  HOSE,  COUPLINGS,  and 
FITTINGS  in  all  sizes. 


J.    H.    HEATHMAN, 

SHOW  ROOMS  :— 2.  ENDELL  STREET,    LONDON,  W.C. 

Basher's  Garden  Edging  laea. 


""HE    ABOVE   and  many  other  PATTERNS 

n  materials  of  great  durability.     The  plainer 

sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
^  KITCHEN     GARDENS, 
they  harbour     no    Slugs 
Insects,  take  up  little  j 
and  once  put  down  inci 
further  labour  or  expense 
do  "grown"  Edgings,  cor 
quently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents     for     LOOKER'S     PATENT     "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,    and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3x.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elalmrate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,    for   Lining   Walls   of   Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tilea 

of  all  kinda.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  Airo  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

SI      L    ^V     E     K         S     A      N      D  , 
fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  tor  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied   at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

HORTICULTURAL  CLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,  LONDON,  E. 


206 


THE     GABDENElfS'     CEBONIGLE. 


[AroTJST  13,  1887. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. !  garden  requisites. 


Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines. 

£0 

3 

0 

15  Lines. 

.  £0    8 

6 

5      „     ■ 

.     0 

3 

6 

16      „     . 

0    9 

0 

6      „     . 

0 

4 

0 

17      „     . 

.     0    9 

6 

7      „     . 

0 

4 

6 

18      „     . 

0  10 

0 

8      „     . 

0 

5 

0 

19      „     . 

0  10 

6 

9      „     . 

0 

5 

6 

20      „     . 

0  n 

0 

10      „     . 

0 

6 

0 

21       „     . 

0  11 

6 

11       „     . 

0 

6 

6 

22      „     . 

0  12 

0 

12      „     . 

0 

7 

0 

23      „     . 

0  12 

6 

13      „     . 

0 

7 

6 

24      „     . 

0  13 

0 

14      „     . 

0 

8 

0 

25      „     . 

0  13 

6 

AND  SIXPENCE  FOR    EVERY  ADDITIONAL  LINE. 

If  set  acro33  two  Columng,  the  lowest  charee  will  be  20s. 

f  set  acro^  three  Columus.  the  lowest  charge  will  be  30s. 

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say  that  I  have  at  last  7tot  only  been 
relieved  but  perfectly  cured  by  using 
Norton's  Pills,  and  confidently  recom- 
mend them  to  all  suffering  from  the  same. 
"7.   WILKINSON." 

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Now  Ready. 

Part  9  of  the  .'ird  Series  of 

WARNER'S  SELECT  ORCHIDACEOUS 
PLANTS.  Published  by  Robert  Warner,  Esq., 
F.L.S.,  F.R.H.S.,with  Illustrations  of  Odontoglossum  Edithiie, 
Angraecum  Ellisii,  Epidendmm  vitellinum  giganteum,  admir- 
ably executed  and  coloured  by  hand. 

The  1st  and  2nd  Series  comprise  together  79  beautifully 
Coloured  Plates,  and  with  the  moat  reliable  Cultural  Directions, 
form  admirable  volumes  for  the  table  of  every  drawing-room. 
This  work  is,  by  permission,  specially  dedicated  to  the  Queen. 
Prizes  were  awarded  at  the  Botaniual  Congress  held  at 
Amsterdam,  Brussels,  Ghent,  Philadelphia.  St.  Petersburgh, 
Vienna,  and  Calcutta  Exhibition. 

Published  at  27,  The  Crescent,  Cripplegate,  London,  E.C. 


REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 13th  year. — Amoiigthe  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard.  E,  Andre,  C.  Baltet.  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crepin, 
O.  d-  K'-'),Mv.>  <]-  D.^nterghera,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
.T.iii-'.  I  I:  <  .  11.  I  f.  Kicks.  T.Moore,  C.Naudin,B.01iveira, 
H.  ( ';  I     1        I,.,  t.  E.  Rodigas,  O.  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 

Si-u.  II     i       ,1  ,  J.  van  Volxem.  H.  -T.  Veitch,  A  West- 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  of  every  month, 
in  parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

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GhfMit. 


A  DVEUTLSER    desires   a    rARTNERSHIP 

JrV.     in  an  I-NfiiMishi>d   Nuimtv   business.  —  Particulars  to 
C.  H.  W.,   ■■Tlir.-r  ^^\^;ul-*■"  H,.t.-1.  S.ili-bury. 


Covent  Gaxden  Market,  W.C. 

PARTNER  WANTED,  ^\'hole  attention  re- 
quired. Must  be  adapted  to  the  business,  and  be 
energetic— G.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


WANTED,  a  smart  clever  all-round 
GARDENER,  as  Second  Hand.  One  from  Private 
Service  preferred  and  total  abstainer.  —  Apply  personally, 
Mr.  W.  GREEN,  Bishopwood  House,  Highgate,  N, 


WANTED,  a  practical  GARDENER,  for 
about  1  Acre  of  Land,  which  consists  of  both  Flowers, 
Greenhouse,  aud  Vegetables.— H.  WHITING,  St.  Saviour's, 
Norwich. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER,  married,  no 
family.  Singli^handcd  place.  No  Ghiss.  Wife  must  be 
able  to  take  charge  of  Furnished  House. — .411  particulars  from 
J.  B.  TIBBITTS,  Esq.,  Barton  Seagrave,  Kettering. 


WANTED,  in  a  Week,  a  good  SINGLE- 
HANDED  GARDENER.  Boy  kept.  About  2  acres. 
Two  Conservatories,  with  Vines  and  Forcing-house.  Must  be 
married,  and  state  family.  Wages  about  21s.,  with  good  four- 
roomed  lodge.— E.  D.,  Langton  Lodge,  Hendon,  N.W. 


WANTED,  for  September  next,  a  FORE- 
MAN— one  who  has  had  good  experience  in  all  the 
routine  of  a  Market  Nursery.  Must  be  over  30  years  of  age, 
and  of  good  character.  A  good  opportunity  for  a  first-class 
man.— WALSHAW  and  SON,  Scarborough. 


WANTED,  a  good  PROPAGATOR  and 
GROWER  ;  also  a  Young  MAN,  to  Solicit  Orders  and 
Work  up  Home  Trade. — State  wages  and  particulars,  to 
H.  ENGLISH.  Fairlie  Nursery,  Clevedon,  Somer.'tet. 


WANTED,  a  GROWER  and  PROPAGA- 
TOR,  to  Work  the  Greenhouse  Department  (principally 
Softwooded)  of  a  small  Scotch  Nursery.  Must  be  successful, 
active,  and  methodical,  aud  liave  some  experience  of  Cut 
Flowers,  Wreaths,  &c.  Good  encouragement  to  a  lirst-class 
man  (married  preferred).  —  Apply,  with  full  particulars, 
stating  age.  salary,  &.C.,  to  STORREE  AND  STORRIE,  Florists, 
Dundee,  N.B. 


WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  thoroughly 
experienced  in  Growing  Ferns  fur  Market.  Married, 
preferred.  References  required.— .1.  WILLI A.MS,  :«i.  Turner 
Road,  Lee.  Blackheath,  S.E. 

ANTED,     a    good    FLORIST.— 

y.  S.,  Messrs.  Smith  &Sons,  Union  street,  Birmingham. 


w 


WANT     PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.~To  Advertisers.  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — It  is  very  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
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Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Restante"  to  initials  or  to  fictitious 
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NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  ijistances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements  are 
received  without  name,  address,  or  anything  beyond  the 
postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify  the  sender;  this 
in  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  fre- 
quenthj  the  sender  cannot  be  identified  at  ail. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give  their 
Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to  the  Adver- 
tisement which  they  wish  repeated. 

ICH ARD      SMITH      and     OH 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  aud  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
&C.— St.  Johns  NiirstTi.-s  Worrcsler. 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs,  &c. 

WM.  CUTIiUSlI  AND  SUN  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class 
men  byapplyingto  Wm.  Cutbush  &Son,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  ILIILIFFS.  Or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  2.18,  High  Holboru,  W.C. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  KEC<>.M:\IE\D  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establishments, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged. — JOHN  LAING 
AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

HE      LIVERROOL      HORTICULTURAL 

CO.  (.John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  aa  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  M.\N,  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments. 


GARDENER  (HEAD),or  ORCHID  GROWER. 
— Age  39,  married,  youngest  child  age  10;  thoroughly 
practical.  Good  experience.  Well  recommended. — HEAD 
GARDENER,  Forest  View,  Chigwell  Row,  Essex. 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  one  or  two  are 
kept.— Age  30,  married  ;  good  character  from  present 
and  previous  employers.— GEORGE  LONG,  Deene  Rectory 
Gardens,  Wansford. 

ARDENER  (Head),  where  four   or  more 

are  kept. — £5  Bonus  will  be  given  to  any  one  securing 
advertiser  a  situation.  Excellent  character.— RED  IN  GTON, 
Wonersh,  near  Guildford,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  32;  seventeen 
years'  practical  experience  ia  all  branches.  Five  years 
in  last  situation.  Highest  references  as  to  character  and 
abilities  from  present  and  previous  employers. — W.  SCOTT, 
The  Gardens,  Sherborne  House,  Northleach,  Gloucestershire. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  34,  married.— 
A  Gentleman  can  recommend  his  Gardener  as  a  good 
all-rouud  man ;  thoroughly  practical  aud  trustwortliy,  Five 
years  in  present  situation;  nineteen  years'  experience. — 
JOSEPH  TIMSON,  Shirley  Croft,  Grantham. 


G^  ARDENER  (Head).  —  Age  42,  married, 
T  family  one  boy  (age  12) ;  has  a  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  routine  of  Gardening,  aud  Early  and  Late  Forcing.  Good 
character.— S.  B.,  27,  Tewkesbury  Road,  Seven  Sisters' Road, 
London.  N. 


(^  ARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three 
y  are  kept.— Age  4-5,  married,  2  children  (youngest  age  8); 
twenty-five  years'  practical  experience  in  Greenhouses,  Vines, 
Melons,  Cucumbers,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens,  &c.  Two 
years  in  present  situation.  Leaving  solely  on  oi,vn  account. 
—J.  HUMPHREY,  Caldecott,  Abingdon,  Berks. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  30.  —  Mr. 
Clarke,  Gardener.  Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  has  very 
great  pleasure  in  recommending  his  Foreman,  Wm.  Webber, 
to  any  Nobleman,  Lady,  or  Gentleman,  who  may  be  in  want  of 
a  thoroughly  efficient  and  trustworthy  man,  with  excellent 
references  from  previous  employers. 


August  13.  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


207 


GARDENER  (Head),  where  a  man  of  ability 
and  strict  integrity  ia  required,  and  where  the  follow- 
ing things  are  well  grown — Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Cu- 
cumbers, Melons,  Toroatos,  Mushrooms,  Stove  and  Urteuhouse 
Plants,  Ferns,  Orchids,  Roses,  Chrysanthemums,  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Gardening,  Early  and  Late  Forcing,  and  the  Keeping 
of  Pleasure  Grounds  in  first-class  order. — Age  36,  married,  two 
children  (youngest  age  8);  reliable,  competent,  industrious, 
and  trustworthy  ;  abstainer.  —  GARDENER,  Price,  Flo^i:^t. 
Ewell  Road,  Surbiton. 

ARDENER  (Head  AVorking),  or  ORCHID 

GROWER.— Age  30,  married;  sixteen  years' thorough 
experience  under  best  of  gardeners;  highly  recommended  as 
capable  in  every  branch,  especially  in  Orchids. — GARDENER, 
5,  Parade.  Church  Road,  Teddingtou,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head    Working).— Age   40, 

married ;  thorough  practical  man  in  all  branches.  Land 
and  Stock  if  required.  Good  references. — A.  B.,  53,  Paragon 
Koad,  Mare  Street,  Hackney,  E. 

ARDENER    (Head   Working).— Age   42, 

married  ;  thorough  in  all  branches.  Seven  years  in  present 
situation.  Previous  and  present  testimonials  undeniable. — 
P.  M.,  1,  Hope  Cottage,  Leighton  Road,  Kentish  Town,  N. 

ARDENER    (Head    AN'obking),   or   other- 

wise. — Ace  30.  married  ;  total  abstainer.  Thoroughly 
practical  in  all  branches.  Good  character. — E.  IS/iACS, 
Shenfield  Road.  Reading,  Berks. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  not 
less  than  four  are  kept. — Age  39;  thoroughly  experi- 
enced. Higlily  recommended. — W.  WOOD,  Portland  Cottages, 
Old  Windsor. 

G"^  ARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Married, 
X  no  family  ;  twenty-eight  years'  practical  experience  in 
all  branches.  Good  character.  'Total  abstainer. — H.  B.,  28, 
Pope  Road.  Bromley  Common,  Kent. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Married, 

one  child  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Over 
six  years'  good  character  as  Head. — W.  C,  30,  Oakfield  Street. 
Altrincham,  Cheshire. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Age  28, 

single:  ten  years' experience  in  the  Growing  of  Fruit. 
Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Can  be  well  recommended  as  to 
character  and  ability.— T.  STACK,  Treberfydd,  Bvvlch  R.S.O.. 

ARDENER   (Head   Working;   age  27.— 

Mr.  DavIES.  Gardener  to  A.  0.  Walker,  E3(|.,  Tlie  Lead 
Works,  Cheater,  will  he  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman, 
E.  T.  Jones,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical 
Gardener.     Two  years"  good  character. 

ARDENER   (Head    Working).  —  Family, 

one  girl;  thoroughly  understands  Vineries,  Peach- 
houses,  Stove,  Conservatory,  Ferns,  Orchids,  &c.  Also  good 
Kitchen  Gardener.  Eight  years'  good  character. — HE/VD 
G.VRDENER,  7,  Evesham  Place,  Stratford-on-Avon. 

ARDENER    (Head   Working);     age    32, 

married.— A  Gentleman  giving  up  wishes  to  recom- 
mend his  Head  Gardeuer  as  a  thorough  practical  man  in  all 
branches.  Fruit  Culture  a  specialty.  — H.  T.,  FuUbrooks, 
Worcester  Park.  Surrey. 

ARDENER    (Head  Working);  age  27, 

single.— Sir  WalTEB  Farquhar.  Bart.,  highly  recom- 
mends the  above  as  a  practical  trustworthy  man.  Fourteen 
years'  experience  in  all  branches  in  first-class  estiiblishmeuts. 
Abstainer.- W.  GOLDSMITH,  Polesden  Lacey,  Dorking. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;    age  30.— 

Mr.  Forbes,  Gardener  to  W.  Drury  Lowe,  Esq.,  Locke 
Park,  near  Derby,  can  highly  recommend  his  Foreman, 
Frederick  Beney,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
practical  Gardener.    Fourteen  years'  experience. — Address  as 

ARDENER    (Head  Working).  —  Age  30, 

married,  no  family;  well  up  in  Vines,  Peaches,  Figs, 
Cucumbers  and  Melons,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Garden.  Three  and  a  half  years  in  last,  and  un- 
exceptionable references  from  that  and  previous  situations. — 
HORTUS,  14.  Pomona  Place.  King's  Road.  Fulham,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),   where  two 

or  three  are  kept.— Age  34,  married,  no  family ;  twenty 
years'  practical  experience  in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Over 
four  and  a  half  years'  good  character  from  present  employer  as 
Head.  Previous  good  testimonials.  Wages  24s.,  with  house. — 
E.  MERRICK.  Fetcham,  Leatherhead. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed).— H.  To-MS.  Gardener  to  the  Earl  of 
Listowel.  is  open  for  an  engagement  as  above.  Good  character. 
—Kingston  House.  Prince's  Gate.  S.W. 

ARDENER     (Head,     or     good     Single- 

HANDED. — Jliddle-aged,  married,  no  encumbrance; 
thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Good  reference. — 
W..  Queen's  Nursery.  Selhurst,  S.E. 

ARDENER     (Head,     or     good     Single- 

HANDED). — Age  34,  married;  thoroughly  practical  and 
energetic.  Sixteen  years'  experience.  Abs^iner.  Two  years 
in  present  situation,  fiveand  three  previously.  Good  character. 
—GARDENER.  6.  Franklin  Street.  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

GARDENER.  —  Age    25  ;     good    character ; 
willing  to  make  himself  generally  useful.— A.  JACOBS, 
Mill  Green,  Ingatestone,  Essex. 

GARDENER,  married.— Situation  wanted  by 
a  Scotch  Gardener  of  experience.  Wife  could  take 
charge  of  Lodge.  First-class  Certificates.- For  particulars, 
apply  to  No.  60,  Urquhart  &  Co.,  Seed  Merchants,  Inverness. 


GARDENER. — Age  22,  single ;  seven  years' 
experience  in  the  Largest  Nurseries  in  Germany  and 
London.  Good  references.  Strong  and  willing. — S.  E.,  48, 
Cambridge  Street,  Hyde  Park,  W. 

GARDENER;  age  40,  married.— Isaac 
Matthews  &  Sox  wish  to  recommend  a  thorough 
practical  man  as  Gardener.  Well  up  in  his  profession.  Good 
references. — Apply  for  further  particulars  to  The  Nurseries, 
Milton,  Stoke-on-Trent. 

ARDENER.  —  W.   Whallet,    Addington 

Park,  Croydon.  Surrey,  wishes  to  recommend  his  Fore- 
man, who  has  been  with  him  nearly  six  years,  to  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  who  requires  the  services  of  a  good  Practical 
Gardener. 

GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him;  age  36,  married,  four  children.— A  Gentleman 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes,  Melons,  Peaches,  &c.— J.  BARTLETT,  Mrs.  Carpenter's, 
Bediiamptou,  Havant. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  good 
Second).— Age  29,  married  when  suited  ;  twelve  and  a 
half  years'  character,  personal  or  otherwise.— J.  DUFFIELD, 
16,  Rose  Cottages,  West  Street,  Dorking. 

GARDENER    (Second),   in   small   establish- 
ment.—Age  24,  single.— J.  MARCHANT,   Castle   Hill, 
Addington,  near  Croydon,  Surrey. 

ARDENER    (Second,  or  Third  in  a  good 

establishment). — Age  26;  ten  years'  experience,  three  in 
present  situation.  Excellent  character. — J.  N.,  Mr.  Plane, 
6,  Benson  Street,  Cambridge, 

ARDENER  (Under,  or  Thibd  in  a  Gentle- 

man's  garden). — Age  20  ;  strong  and  active.  Been  four 
years  at  Jobbing  Work.— T.  R..  G.  Goude.  Whittlesea,  Cambs. 

GARDENER  (Under)  ;  good  experience,  or 
could  Manage  good  Single-handed)  place. — Age  22; 
distance  no  object.  Four  years'  good  personal  character.— B. 
WELCH.  Stanhope  Road,  North  Finchley,  N. 

ARDENER    (UnderX    outside.  — Age   25; 

good  character.- E.  SMITH.  Little  Common,  Stanmore. 


GARDENER  (Under),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.—Age  18;  five  years' experience.— W.BAUTLETT, 
Fulbourn,  Cambs. 

GARDENER  (Under),  where  two  or  more 
are  kept.— Age  22  ;  understands  Kitchen  Garden  and 
other  work.  Good  references. — J.  C.  MANLEY,  1,  Lime  Cot- 
tages, Hillingdon,  Uxbridge. 

ARDENER  (Undek),  in  the  Houses,  or  In- 

side  and  Out. — Age  22 ;  three  years'  good  character. 
Nine  years'  experience. — E.  W ATKINS,  Botanic  Garden, 
Queen's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

To  the  Trade. 

FOREMAN,  MANAGER,  or  to  Manage  a 
Branch.  —  Middle-aged ;  over  twenty  years'  practical 
knowledge  of  Growing  and  Forelig  Plants,  Flowers,  and  Fruits 
for  Market,  or  otherwise.  Good  references.- H.  PESTKIDGE, 
Longlands  Park,  Sidcup. 

OREMAN ;  age  23.— W\  Temple,  Gardener 

to  G.  H.  Finch,  Esq.,  M.P.,  can  confidently  recommend 

A.  Giblett  as  above.— Burley-on-the- Hill  Gardens,  Oakham. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.— Age  26  ;    first-class  references. — G.  L.,  The  Gar- 
dens, Southwood,  Hildenborough,  Kent. 

OREMAN,  or  Second  in  Houses.- Age  23 ; 

nine  years'  experience  in  Plant  and  Fruit  Houses.     Used 

to  House  and  Table  Decorations.     Good  recommendations, — 

H.B..  I.Rose  Terrace,  Eagle  Walk,  NewmarketRoad,  Norwich. 

OREMAN  PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER 

of  Plants  and  Choice  Cut  Flowers,  &c.— Eighteen  yrars' 
practice.      Good   references  from    large    Market    Growers.  — 

B.  C,  2,  Ashbourne  Terrace,  Wimbledon. 

ROUND    FOREMAN     (Working),    where 

Fruit  Trees  are  largely  grown. — Age  30,  married;  six 
years  good  character  from  present  situation.— POMONA,  Mr. 
Cannon,  Lee's  Nursery,  Ealing. 

URSERY  FOREMAN  (Woeking).— Fifteen 

years'  experience  in  the  general  routine  of  Outdoor 
Nursery  Work.  Four  years'  good  references  as  Foreman. — 
DANKS,  High  Street.  Harbourno.  Birmingham. 

PROPAGATOR    and    GROWER.— Age   28; 

-L  fourteen  years'  experience  in  good  Market  Nurseries,  as 
above.  Good  Salesman,  and  references.  State  wages. — H. 
EDEN,  Sharman's  Cross.  Solihull. 

ROPAGATOR,    under    a    Foreman.— Seven 
years'  experience  in  Grafting  Roses,  Clematis,  and  other 

PROPAGATOR  (Assistant),  Indoor  or  Out, 
in  a  good  establishment. — Four  and  a  half  years'  refer- 
ence from  old-established  firm.  —  Address  with  terms  to 
BRIGGS,  Courtlands,  Sandrock  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

J"  OURNEYMAN,  or  SECOND  GARDENER, 
in  a  good  establishment. — Age  24;  three  and  a  half 
years  in  last  place — five  previous.  Can  be  well  recommended 
by  last  and  previous  employers.— A.  LUSBY,  137,  Sydney 
Street,  King's  Road.  Chelsea,  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN    (First),  in   the    Houses.— 
Eight  years'  experience.  Inside  and  Out.    Good  references. 
— R.  D.,  Bishopsford,  Mitcham,  Surrey. 


JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  a  good  establish- 
meut. — Age  23  ;  nearly  three  years  in  last  situation  with 
Mr.  Lockie,  Oakley  Court,  Windsor.  Good  references. — 
R.  WAUHAM,  Steeple  Aston,  Oxford. 

JOURNEYJIAN,   in  a  good  establishment. — 
Age  20;  live  years  in  present  situation.    Good  character. 
— W.  SEBLEY.  The  Gardens,  Woodhall  Park,  Hertford. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.- Age  24; 

six  years'  good  character.— G.  WITHAM,  The  Gardens, 
How  Hatch,  Brentwood,  Essex. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses;  age  21.— H. 

Batchelok,  the  Gardens,  Catton  Park,  Norwich,  can 
with  confidence  recommend  his  Son  to  any  Gardener  requiring 
a  very  steady,  industrious,  and  trustworthy  young  man  as 
above  with  six  years"  good  experience. 

0  FLORISTS.— Young  man  seeks  situation 

in  Nursery ;  nine  years'  experience ;  Fruit,  Ferns,  and 
General  Market  Stuff .  — J.  G.  G.,  30.  Loampit  Vale, 
Lewisham,  S.E. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation  in 
a  Nursery.  Used  to  Growing  Ferns,  Softwooded  Stuff, 
Tomatos.  &c.  Age  27.  Total  abstainer.— G.  GRIGG,  15,  Lion 
Street.  Bexley  Heath. 

0  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted  by  a  Youth 

(age  17)  a  situation  under  a  Gardener.  Abstainer.  Good 
character.  Has  had  some  experience. — F.  B.,  City  School 
Cottage,  Ferndale  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

O  GARDENERS,  &c.— A    Youth   (age  18) 
requires  a  situation  in  a  Garden.  Abstainer.  Has  had  some 
experience.    Good  references   if  required. — F.  M,,  8,  Chatter- 
ton  Road,  Bromley,  Kent. 

''PO  MARKET  GARDENERS  and  FLORISTS. 

-A  young  man  wi-hes  to  meet  with  a  situation  at  n 


Market   Garde 
Business,  with  a  view  ii 
in  the  business  and  bi 
Guildford. 


Florist's,  where  he  would  Learn  the 
the  future  oE  investing  a  little  money 
:oming   Partner.— X.,   Linney's  Viliit, 


]VT  URSERY     CLERK,     SEEDSMAN,     and 

-L*  TRAVELLER  ;  age  33.— William  Napper  (twenty 
years'  experience)  seeks  employment.  He  has  a  good  Whole- 
sale and  Retail  Connection  in  the  Western  Counties.  Excel- 
lent Correspondent.^Alphington  Cross,  Exter. 

Seed  Trade. 
TNVOICE  CLERK  and  FOREIGN   CORRE- 

JL  SPONDENT  (French,  German,  and  English).— Age  25 ; 
good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  Seed  Trade.  Apprenticed  to  the 
former.  Can  be  highly  recommended.  London  preferred. — 
G.  E.,  Seahrook  &  Co.,  Swanley  Junction,  Kent. 

SHOPMAN,  or  M  ANAGER.— Thoroughly  con- 
versant  with  the  trade.  Could  see  to  Books,  give  Esti- 
mates, or  act  as  Nursery  Salesman.  Satisfactory  references. — 
CEDAB,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  VT.C. 

OHOPMAN     (Head),     or     ASSISTANT     in 

kJ  Florist,  Fruiterer,  and  Seedsman's. — Required  by  the  Son 
of  a  Nurseryman,  a  situation  as  above.  Used  to  liigh-class 
trade.  Good  testimonials,  &c. — A.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  or  WAREHOUSEMAN.  —  A 
Seedsman  (Scot<:hman,  age  2.3)  desires  re-engagement  as 
Shopman  or  Warehouseman ;  nine  years'  practical  experience 
in  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade.  First-class  reterencis.— DAPHNE, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.W,C. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant). — Age  21 ;  five  years' 
experience.  Good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  General 
NurseryStock  and  Seed  Trade  in  all  branches.— Mr.  HARDING, 
St.  Neot's,  Hunts. 

0   FLORISTS.  —  Wanted,  a  situation  in  a 

good  Florist's  Shop.  Well  experienced  in  Plants,  Cut 
Flowers,  Furnishing,  Decorating,  and  Wreath  and  Bouquet 
Making.  Age  24.  Good  references.— WILLSON,  176,  Love- 
ridge  Road,  Brondesbury,  Kilburn,  N.W. 

TO  THE  SEED  and  NURSERY  TRADE.— 
Wanted  a  situation  in  a  S;-iop.  Age  20.  Six  years' ex- 
perience. Good  knowledge  of  Seed  and  general  Nursery  Stock. 
— B.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

0  SEEDSMEN  and  FLORLSTS.— Situation 

of  trust  wanted  by  a  young  man  (age  23).  Used  to 
SeUing.  Account  Keeping,  and  Propagating.— FRED.  MOE- 
FETT,  Robertsbridge,  Sussex. 

TO  FLORISTS.— Wanted  re-engagement  by 
a  young  Lady.  Thoroughly  competent  to  undertake  all 
branches  of  the  above.  Six  years'  experience. — K.  S.,  180, 
Cornwall  Road,  Ladbroke  Grove  Road,  W. 

LUMBER,  GAS-FITTER,  and  ZINC- 

WORKER,  on  Gentleman's  Estate.— Young  ;  willing  to 
fill  up  time.  Good  references.— PLUMBER,  20,  .ilcham  Street, 
Lady  Margaret  Road,  Kentish  Town,  N.W. 

HOLLOW  AY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILLS.— 
A  frequent  cause  of  Gout  and  Rheumatism  is  the  in- 
flammatory state  of  the  blood,  attended  with  bad  digestion  and 
general  debility.  A  few  doses  of  the  Pills  taken  in  time  are 
an  effectual  preventive  against  Gout  and  Rheumatism.  Any 
one  who  has  an  attack  of  either  should  use  Holloway's  Oint- 
ment also,  the  powerful  action  of  which,  combined  with  the 
operation  of  the  Pills,  must  infallibly  effect  a  cure.  These  Pills 
act  directly  on  the  blood,  which  they  purify  and  improve. 
Having  once  subdued  the  severity  of  these  diseases,  persever- 
ance with  the  Ointment,  after  fomenting  the  affected  joints 
with  warm  brine,  will  speedily  relax  all  stiffness  and  prevent 
any  permanent  contraction. 


208 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[A0GCST  13,  1887. 


THOS.    W.     ROBINSON, 

DENNIS PABK  lEOKlVOBKS,  STOUBBSIDGE, 

Ttie  Best 
jj  and  Quickest 
Made. 


.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  3d.  each; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot- water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  (jd.  each. 
Full  Illustrated  Eevised  Price  List  on  applicat>.7n. 


PORTABLE     CTJCUMBEB    FBAMES. 

RHALLIDAY     and      CO.    desire    to 
•     draw   special   attention   to  their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of  which  they  always  have  a  large  stock,   ready  glazed  and 
painted.    They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  : —  £  s.  d. 

2-light  frame,  8  feet  by  6  feet )  ■p„„v„„  (  3  10  0 
3-lighttrame,  12feetby6feetf-  ™"°|J  5  6  0 
6-lizht  frame,  24  feet  by  6  feet )  ^'""^  (      10    0    0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.    Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

B.     HALLIDAY     &     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 

BOYAl     HORTICULTl-KAL     WORKS,     MIDDLETON, 

:VIANCHESTER. 

London  Agent,  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 
2,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 


W.  H.  LASGELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW,  LONDON,  E.O. 


(i^'-ti^S^' 


PEAT. — 

any  quantity,  to  any 


W.  H.  LASGELLES  AND  CO.  uill  give  Est  mates  for  every 
description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK  free  of  charge  and 
send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 


121,  Bunhill  Row,  London    E  C 
Illustrated  Lista  of  Wooden  Buildings    Greenhouses     and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabsfor  Walls  Paths  andStages 
sent  post-free  on  application. 

HY.     VAN     &     CO. 

(The  Oldest  London  House  in  the  Trade.  Estd.  1730). 

17,   Tooley   Street,    London    Bridge,   S.E. 


Illustrated  CATALOGUES  Post-free. 
PROTECTION  FOR  FRUIT  AND  FLOWERS. 

GAKDEN  NETTING,  2  yards  wide,  Ijrf.,  or  per  100  yards, 
10s.  ;  ditto,  4  yards  wide,  Zd.,  or  per  100  yards,  20s. 

SCKIM  CANVAS,  1  yard  wide,  3d,;  IJ  yard,  4J<i. ;  and 
2  yards,  6£^.  per  yard. 

TIFFANY,  38  inches  wide,  in  20  yard  pieces,  3s.  6rf.  per  piece. 

SHADING  BLINDS  made  up  any  size. 

EICK  CLOTHS.  TAItPAULENS,  Com  and  Potato  SACKS, 
FLAGS,  TENTS,  &c.,  for  Sale  or  Hire. 

TOBACCO  PAPER,  RAFFLA,  and  Garden  MATS  of  all  kinds. 


PEAT   —   PEAT 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.     Sent 
addres.'?,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  -Mascal  Estate,  yorth  Cray,  Kent. 

^CERTAliUUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Gnibs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Thrip,  Meaty 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  dc.  dc. 
PERFECTLY  )   ^"^  ^^^  Hands  and  Skin,  but  ■will  cure 
Ringworm  in  Animal-s,  and  all  Diseases 
HARMLESS    ;   produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  mmt.in.iliMU  (,f  nvdrocurh.m  Oil-,  mule  s.ilnWp  in 
Water,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  wlietLcr  ut  lU  lioots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists,  Is.  Gd,  ^s.  6d.  &  4s.  Gd; 

t  gallon  Vs.  6d,  1  gallon  12s.  6d.  or  less  in  larger  qnanf  itics. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale :  Hoopek  &  Co. ;  Cobkv,  Sopee,  Fowi.er  &  <;'o.  ■, 
0.  E.  OsMAS  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chants and  "Wliolos.ale  Fatent  Medicine  Houses.  NEW 
YOKE— RoLKER  &  So.vs. 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 


Throws  a  Jine 
spray  20  ft.,  and 
a  jet  ^0  ft.,  u-ith 
great  force. 

A  sjilendid 
substitute  for  the 
Syringe  for  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
25s.  A  larger 
size  for  catering 
purposes,  45s. 
Carriasre  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

BREEN &  CREAW  COLOR  SHADING 


For  FLxing  Bloom  of  Azaleas,      |J  I  |  ^U  CO  » 
&r.,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.  n  \J  \JtV\  KmVt 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  grfat  li.ion  t(.  Florists  and  all  lovers  of  Flowers.    Dries 
instautlv.     .'J.ild  in  bottles.  Is.  &  2s.     Per  po.st  ,3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Prt'ventinp:  Vines  Eleodinf?  after  rnmini:!:. 
Very  effectual  in  preventing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

wasted.    In  bottles  1/6  and  2/6.     Per  post,  .Id.  extra. 
For  Destroying  Beetles.  Corkroaches,    UlipiJCC' 
Crii^kots,  Bugs,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &c.    nUwlICO 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 


"*  E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  'l-l]'i^;^^^ 

VICTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


Establish  i:d 


HENRY  HOPE, 

HortiniHvral  Builder  and 
Hat-icnt^r  Kngineer, 

55,  Lionel  St..  Birmingham. 


a  100  and  200  feet  boxe 
»ze3  of   15-OZ.  glass 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  s 
3d>  and  4th3  qualities,  always  kept  in 

A    large  stock  of  similar  current  e 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

34,  St.  John  Street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 

Stock  List  and  Prices  on  application.     Quote  Chronicle. 

HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  cost. 

Used  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  yejirs'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  6(^.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station,  \s.  Sd.  per  gallon  in  casks  of  36,  20,  or 
10  gallons. 


cheap 


HILL      &      SMI TH 

Brierley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 


STEVEN      BROS     &    C<> 
HOT        WATER        APPARATUS. 


GARDEN  SHADINGS,   scrim,  hessian,' 

RUSSIA  MATS,  RAFFIA,  PEAT, 

SAND,     COCOA    FIBRE    REFUSE,    &c., 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 

CATALOGUE  on  APPLICATION. 


JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135.  COMMERCIAL  STREET,    LONDON.  E. 


Etiitorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;"  Advertisement'*  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden.  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  Wlullam  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  BRADBimr.  Aorrew  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  Oityof  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  published  by  the 
taid  WiLLLUC  &10HA&D6,  at  the  Office,  U,  Wellington  Street,  Pariah  of  St.  Paul's,  Coveot  Garden,  in  the  said  Ooonty.— SATimDAT,  August  13, 1887.   Agent  for  Manotie6ter--JOHlf  Hetwoos. 


Established  i84i 

No.  2431. 


No.  34.-V0L.  II.  {^Z} 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  20,  1887. 


[Regt.  as  a  Newspaper.  (  P  R '  C  E    3d  . 

I.     POST-FEBB,   3jd. 


CONTENTS. 


Agave  gla 

Catasetum     sanguineum 

Cirrbopetalum   strogula- 

Compas3  plant,  dry 
weather  foliage  of     ... 

Dendrobium  lougJcornum 

Drought  eiperieiices      ... 

Florists' flowers 

Foreign  correspoDdence  . 

Forestry 

,,  report  of  the  Select 
Committee  on ... 

Frosts,  early         

Fruit  register      

Fruits  under  glass 

Gardening  appointment 

Grange,  tne,  Limerick ... 

Great  Gearies,  glass- 
houses at  

Hardy  fruit  garden 


Obituary : — 

Fowler,  Mr.  A. 
Ordiid-houses,  the 

Oxford,  gardens  of 
Periwinkle  disease 

Plant  names         ; 

Plants  and  their  culture  . 
Potato  crop  of  1887        216. 

Saccolabium  Smeeanum 
Societies  : — 
Leigh  ton  Buzzard 

Matlock  Bath  .*."        '.'.'. 

Oxford  Carnation  Union 

Scilly  Islands  Bulb    ... 

Streptocarpus  Watsoni  x 

Water  for  nothing 

Wateri  ng  plants 

Weather,  the       ...        224, 

Wisley,     Mr.     Wilson's 

garden  at  


„    ,,    flowers 

Fowler,  the  late  Mr.  A 

Great  Gearies,  glass-houses  at . 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 
flowering     ... 


215 


Now  ready,  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 
^HH    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 

JL  Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 

W.  RICHARDS.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.— All  Numbers 
of  the  "  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "  from  January  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had, 

SANDY  (Bedfordshire)  HORTICULTURAL 
SOCIETY. 
NINETEENTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  —Open  to  all 
England  —  FRIDAY,  August  26.  TWO  HTTNDRED  and 
TWENTY  POUNDS  in  PRIZES,  including  for  Ten  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants  in  Flower— 1st  Prize,  £12;  2nd,  JE8  ;  3rd, 
£A\  4th,  £3.  Show  Ground  close  to  Great  Northern  and 
London  and  North-Western  Stations.  Plant  Vans  horsed  to 
and  from  free  of  charge.    For  Schedules  apply, 

WILLIAM  GREEN.  Secretary,  Sandy. 

A  T  H        AUTUMN        SHOW, 

WEDNESDAY   and   THURSDAY,    September  7  and  8. 
Ajnongst  the  Prizes  offered  are  for  : — 

12  Foliage  Plants,  1st,  £6  ;    2nd,  £4  ;  3rd.  £2. 
12  Stove  orGreenhouse  Plants,  1st,  £12;  2nd,  £8;  3rd,  £1. 
fl  Orchids,  1st,  £2;   2nd,  £1. 
8  Dishes  of  Fruit,  Ist,  £3  ;   2nd,  £2  :    3rd,  £1. 
8  Bunches  of  Grapes,  4  vars.,  1st.  £o  ;    2nd.  £;j;    3rd,  £i. 
6  other  Classes  for  Grapes  in  varieties.  Prizes  in  proportion. 
Entries  Close  September  3.    For  Schedules  apply  to 

14.  Mib«)m  Street.  Bath.  ^^J-  PEARSON,  See. 

BRIGHTON  and  SUSSEX    FLORICULTU- 
RAL  and  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 
GRAND  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION,  SEPTEMBER  14  and  15, 
at  the  Royal  Pavilion,  Brighton.    1st  Prize,  8  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  £8  ;  IstPrizeGroupof  Ferns,  £5;  letPrizeMiscel- 
laneous  Group,  £o.     Entries  Close  September  10.    Schedules  of 
EDWARD  CARPENTER,  Secretary, 
i,  St.  James's  Street,  Brighton. 


Prizes  to  be  had  of 
Secretary's  Office,  i 

NATIONAL  CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY,  Royal  Aquarium.  Weatminster,  S.W. 
EAKLY  CHKYSANTHEMUM.  DAHLIA,  and  GLADIOLUS 
EXHIBITION,  SEPT.  14  and  15.  Schedules  free  on  appli- 
cation. The  Floral  Committee  will  meet  Sept.  14,  Oct.  12  and 
26,  Nov.  9  and  23,  and  Dec.  7.  Medals  are  offered  for  competi- 
tion at  each  Meeting  for  New  Chrysanthemums.    See  Schedule. 


CRYSTAL        PALACE.— 
SCHOOL  of  LANDSCAPE  GARDENING  and  IMPROVE- 
MENT of  ESTATES,     Principal.  Mr.  MlUfKB.     Surveying  and 
Engineering  Applied   to  Beautifying    and    Improving   Land. 
Neit  Entries,  SEPl'EMBER  1.    Prospectus  of  the  undersigned, 
F.  K.  J.  SHENTON.  Super.  Educational  Department. 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 

•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown  stock 
of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties).  EPACKIS,  SOLA- 
NUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMENS,  BOUVARDIAS,  ADIAN- 
TCM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDENIAS,  STE- 
PHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  CROTONS,  GREVILLEAS, 
VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade  CATA- 
LOGUES forwarded  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL  SALE  by  AUCTION  wiU  be  held  EARLY  IN 
SEPTEMBER. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.E. 


Now  In  Full  Bloom. 

BEGONIAS.  —  Awarded  Three  Gold  Medals, 
Unequalled  as  a  floral  display.     Visitors  are  cordially  in- 
vited: free  admission.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  West 
End  to  Catford  Bridge  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  Staustead  Park,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 
Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB,  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dvson's  Lane  Nursery.  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS— •■  PTERIS,"   LONDON. 

OUVARDIAS,      fine     bushy     plants,     SOl 
per  100;   CYCLAMENS,   good,  in  48's,  30j,  per  100  j 
GARDENIAS,   strong    plants,   3US.   per    100;    Tree    CARNA- 
TIONS, best  sorts.  30s.  per  100— good  plants. 

W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

Tlie  Best  of  all  tlie 

NARCISSI     is     '-SIR    WATKI N." 
Priced   CIRCULAB  (No.  334)   of    this    and  all    other 
Narcissi,  post-free. 

JAMES  DICKSON  and  SONS.  "  Newton  "  Nurseries.  Chester. 
Choice  Hardy  Ferns, 

HUSSEY    AND  SON    offer    an  overstock  of 
above,   in  fifty  leading  sorts,  of    Hardy  Exotic    and 
British,  at  30s.  per  100. 

Mile  End  Nursery,  Norwich, 

QUELCH       AND       B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

North  Bow,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STRAW- 
BERRIES, CHOICE  FLOWERS,  Sec.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily;  Cheques  weekly,  or  as  preferred 
by  Sender.    Baskets  and  Labels  supplied.    References  piven. 

ESSRS,    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 

NtmsEETSIEK,  Sidcup,  and  286,  2M,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 

Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 

EACHES  !  NECTARINES !  GRAPES !  &o. 

— Highest  Market  Prices  guaranteed  for  really  good  and 
well  packed  fruit  of  above.— WISE  and  RIDES,  Covent  Garden. 

ANTED,  Bedding  PELARGONIUM 

CUTTINGS  of  every  description.  Sorts  and  quantity  to 
H.  CANNELL  and  SONS.  Swanley,  Kent. 

ANTED,    GERANIUM    CUTTINGS    of 

the  following  : — John  Gibbons,  W.  H.  Jacoby,  and 
Rev.  Atkinson.    State  price  per  1000  to 

H.  PRINOEP,  Buxted,  Uckfield. 

ANTED,  Large  Plants  White  AZALEAS, 

for    Cut   Flowers;  varieties   and    cash    price.     Also 
Pipings  of  choice  CARNATIONS ;   sample  and  price  per  1000. 
Also  Large  Plants  of  EUCHARIS  AMA20NI0A. 
MANAGER,  Wharton  Grange  Vineries,  Framfield,  Sussex. 
To  Growers  of  Snowdrops, 
ANTED,   SAMPLES  with  Price,  to 
THOS.  BDTCHXB,  Sewl  Merchant,  Croydon. 


w 


w 


To  the  Trade. 

JAMES  CARTE  R,  DUNNETT,  AND 
BEALE'S  Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulbs,  Plants, 
Everlasting  Flowers,  and  Horticultural  Sundries  has  now  been 
Posted  to  their  Customers.  Further  Copies  can  be  had  ou 
application  to  237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  London,  W.C. 


Begonias  a  Specialty. 

BR.  DAVIS  invites  an  inspection  of  his 
•  BEGONIAS,  now  in  Full  Bloom,  at  The  Yeovil  Nur- 
series. Hendford  Hill.  Yeovil.  Several  hundreds  of  specimens 
grown  in  pots  and  many  thousands  planted  in  the  open  ground. 

SCHUBERTIA    GRANDIFLORA,  new   and 
fine  white- flowered  Climber  for  Warm  Greenhouse,  ti.  6rf. 
SAXIFRAGA  CUSCUT^FORMIS,  Is.  [and  lOj.  6a!. 

MESEMBRYANTHS,  and  other  SUCCULENT  PLANTS,  made 
a  specialty. 
GILBERT    DAVIDSON,    Wemoleu,    Ammanford,    B.S.O., 
South  Wales. 


E 


FINEST      LILY      OF      THE      VALLEY 
CROWNS    for  Early  Forcing,  by    Gustav  A.   Schultz, 
Berlin.    For  price  ^vrite  to 

JACOB  AND  VALENTIN.  66,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

AST      LOTHIAN      STOCK, 

for  present  sowing.     Very  superior  strain.     Scotch 

saved.    Crimson,  Purple,  Scarlet,  and  White. 

Crimson  and  White  Wallflower-leaved,  Is.,  2s.  6rf.,  and  5*.  pkt. 

IRELAND  AND  THOMSON,  81,  Princes  Street.  Edinburgh. 

ERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY.— 

The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  LUles,  JEC. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     HoUand.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE   now    ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.   SILBERRAD  AND    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutohed  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

AING'S     BULBS,     for    Early    Forcing.— 

White  Roman  HYACINTHS,  fine  large  roots,  14j.  per  100 ; 
extra  large  picked  roots.  16s.  per  100.    Paper  White  and  Double 
Roman  NARCISSUS.  9s.  per  100.    All  carriage  free. 
CATALOGUES  Gratis  and  Post-tree. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


LARGE  CAMELLIAS.— A  Bargain.— Ten 
large  CAMELLIAS,  from  7  to  9  feet  high,  and  4  to  6  feet 
through,  all  in  pots  or  tubs,  and  the  very  picture  of  health. 
They  were  the  property  of  a  Gentleman  lately  deceased,  and 
must  be  sold  to  realise.  A  grand  chance  for  any  one  requirmg 
quantities  of  Cut  Flowers. — Apply  in  the  first  instance  to 
CHAS.  RYLANCE  and  CO. ,  Bold  Lane  Nursery,  near  Ormskirk 


Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  gro^^Ti  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy.  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25.  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 

A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica.     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chameerops  excelsa,  and  Phcenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


To  the  Trade. 
Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SBLARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•    above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
WiU  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen,  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers,  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM,   J,    WELCH   begs  to    call    particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATINQ    BOOKS,    MAGAZINES,     CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING  PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardmers'  ChrmicU,  188S  to  1888. 
ASDJUM :— 36,    WsllingtOQ    SferMt,    Straad,  Leaden,    W.C. 


210 


THE    GABDENER8'     CHRONICLE. 


[Adgost  20,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Thursday  Next.-(Saie  No.  7463.) 

Thirty  Cases  of  I.MFORTED  ORCHIDS,  received  direct. 
EST.iBLISHED  ORCHIDS,  &c. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  33,  Kin<;  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXf,  August  25,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  lot  o£  LiEHA  1'REST.a:XS, 
ONCIDIUM  SAKCODES,  O.  ROGERSI,  O.  CRISPUM.  CATT- 
LEYA  LABIATA,  SOPHRONITES  GR<lNDIFX,ORA,  &c„  from 
Brazil,  and  23  Cases  of  CATTLEYAS  and  other  COLOMBIAN 
ORCHIDS,  the  whole  received  direct.  Also  a  fine  lot  of 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS  from  private  collections,  including 
many  fine  varieties  in  Flower  and  End. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Bulbs-Bulbs-Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  GreatRooms,  38,  King  Street,  CoventGarden,  W.C, 
every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  Firstrclass 
BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 
CATTLEYAS  and  L^LIAS  from  BRAZIL. 
L-ELIA  HARPOPHYLLA. 
CATTLEYA  SCHILLERIANA. 
„     WARNERII. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G., 
on  FRID.A.Y  NEXT,  August  26.  at  halt-past  12  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, a  splendid  consignment  of  L^LIA  HARPOPHYLLA, 
in  excellent  order  and  condition,  with  sound  eyes  and  fine 
healthy  foliage.  This  beautiful  brilliant  flowering  ORCHID 
inhabits  a  cool  district  in  the  Brazils,  where  it  grows  on  low 
trees.  Its  rich  bright  orange-scarlet  flowers  are  very  durable 
and  handsome,  which  makes  it  one  of  the  most  showy  and 
valuable  of  the  genus. 

A  fine  importation  will  also  be  offered  of  CATTLEYA 
SCHILLERIANA,  in  extra  condition;  C.  WARNERII,  fine 
healthy  lot  with  sound  dormant  eyes  and  broad  distinct  look- 
ing leaves;  the  beautiful  C.  PUMILA,  the  rare  C.  SCHO- 
FIELDIANA.  C.  GRANULOSA,  C.  GASKELLIANA,  C.  LEO- 
POLDll,  L.ELIA  PERRINII.  well  leaved  plants  of  L.  XAN- 
THINA.  COLAX  JUGOSUS,  ONCIDIUiVI  EOBBESII,  O. 
PAPILIO  MAJUS,  O.  BICOLOR,  STANHOPEA  WARDII, 
ODONTOGLDSSUM  SCHLEIPERIANUM,  ONCIDIUM  S.AR- 
CODES,  BURLINGTONIA  FRAOBANS ;  the  whole  in  extra 
condition,  together  with  many  other  valuable  ORCHIDS. 


Oni 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalog 


!  had. 


Flowering  Orchids.— Speoial  Sale  August  30. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  de- 
sire to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS  in  Flower  will  take  place  on  TUESDAY,  August  30, 
for  which  they  will  bi;  glad  to  RECEIVE  NOTICE  of  ENTRIES 
by  WEDNESDAY  NEXT. 

Swanley  Junction,  Kent, 

adjoining    the    Rjiilway    Station. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALE  of  immense  quantities  of 

GREENHOUSE  PL.ANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  P.  Ladds.  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  The  Nurseries,  adjoining  Swanley  Junction 
Station,  on  THURSDAY,  September  8,  at  II  o'clock  precisely, 
in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  1:J00  lots. 
10,000  GENISTAS,  fine  plants,  in  40  and  43  pots. 
6,000  „        in  60  pots. 

10,000  HEATHS,  Winter  Flowering,  beautifully  grown   and 
abundantly  set  with  flower  buds. 
300  GARDENIAS,  large,  specimen  plants. 
10,000  CARNATIONS,  Tree,  consisting  of  all  the  best  winter 

flowering  varieties. 
15,000  ROSES,  Tea.  splendid  plants. 
2,000  ADIANTUM  OUNEATUM. 
90  STEPHANOTIS,  large  specimen. 
600  PALMS,  in  variety. 
1,000  GERANIUM,  New  White,  Queen  of  Whites  Improved, 
F.C.C.,  R.B.S.,  May  19,  1886,  &c. 
Fuller  particulars  will  appear  next  week.    The  Stock  may 
now  be  viewed,  and  Catalogues  obtained,  when  ready,  of  Mr.  P. 
LADDS,  at  the  Swanley  or  Beilev  Heath  Nurseries;  or  of  the 
Auctioneers.  67  and  68,  Cheipside.  E.C  ,  and  Leytonstone.  E. 


Mr.  K.  Droat's  Sale  — Kew  Nursery,  Richmond. 

ALTEHATluX  I  ir  DATE  from  Monday.  September  10,  to 

FRIDAY",  SEPTEMBER  9. 

IMPORTANT  TRADE  SALE  of  thousands  of  PALMS  in  various 

siz^s,  URACENAS,  FERNS,  Variegated  ARALIAS,  Sir. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  K.  Drost,  Successor  to  Mr.  H.  Herbst, 
to  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Kew  Nur- 
sery, Richmond,  on  FRIDAY,  September  9,  at  11  for  12  o'clock 
precisely. 

Further  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

The  SECOND  ANNU/iL  SALE  of  Su.uoo  GREENHOUSE  and 
other  PLANTS. 

MESSP.S.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  H.  B.  May  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises  as  above,  on  MONT).AY'  September  12,  at 
11  o'clock  punctually,  30,000  GREENHOUSE  and  STOVE 
PLANTS,    reniarliably  well   grown,    and   in  the  best  possible 

I       500  Clematis. 
10,000  Ferns. 
1,000  Az.ileas,Fielder'8W]iite 
!    4,fiu0  Miscellaneous  Plauta. 
ill  :iin,.-arii..xl  we.-k. 


conditi 

1    .■  .mil'  1   iii  '    — 

lO.Oun 

2,01  li. 

2,uii.i 

,  1 .  ,.  .. 

l.OUO 

.lui,.  ;..,,  ,,  Wil.'l 

f  uU.T  p.irtLcul 

Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries,  Leyton, 

ANNUAL  SALE  of  \VIM'El;-l;l,iioMlM.;  HEATHS  and 

other  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  announce  that  the  above  ANNUAL  SALE 
will  take  place  on  the  Premises,  on  WEDNESDAY,  September 
14,  by  order  of  Mr.  John  Fuller. 

Fuller  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 


Lee,  Kent,  S.E. 

GREAT  AN'NUAL  SALE,  to  commence  punctually  at 
11  o'clock  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons,  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises  The  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
Lee,  S.E.,  adjoining  the  Railwav  Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
September  13,  at  11  o'clock  punctually  without  reserve. 
25,000  WINTER  BLOOMING  HEATHS,  beautifully  grown 
and  remarkably  well  set  with  bloom  buds,  including  15,000 
Erica  hyemalie,  5000  Gracilis,  and  large  quantities  oiMelan- 
thera  ventricosa,  perspicua  erecta,  Cavendishii,  and  other  best 
kinds.  Also  a  large  quantity  of  small  Erica  hyemalis  for 
growing  on;  8000  SOLANUM  CAPSICASTRUM.  in  berry; 
6000  BOUVARDIAS,  single  and  double  ;  2000  GENISTAS,  very 
fine;  CYCLAMEN  PERSICUM;  2000  ADIANTUM  CUNEA- 
TUM  ;  3000  LOMARIA  GIBBA,  true,  compact  variety,  and 
other  FERNS ;  600  EPACRIS,  well  grown ;  BOEONIA 
MAGASTIGMA,  quantity  of  extra  strong  Marechal  Niel  and 
other  Tea  ROSES,  GREVILLEA  KOBUSTA,  PALMS,  FICUS 
ELASTICA,  Greenhouse  PASSION  FLOWERS,  POINSETTIAS, 
AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII.  STEPHANOTIS,  afine  lot  of  the  new 
White  PLUMBAGO  CAPENSIS,  &c.  Also  ALSOPHILLA  AUS- 
TRALIS,  in24'3  and  lij'spots;  and  a  fine  lot  of  large  G.4K- 
DENIAS  for  cutting  ;  beautifully  coloured  CROTONS,  &c. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.C. 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 

N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  intend- 
ing Purchasers  to  the  stock  to  be  offered  as  above.  The  plants 
are  remarkably  well-grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and  the 
whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good  condition  as  former  years. 


Tottenham,  N, 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER  FLOWERING 
HEATHS,  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE,  &c..  to  commence 
punctually  at  11  o'clock,  there  being  upwards  of  1200  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instnicted  by  the  Executors  of  the  late  Mr.  John  Mailer 
to  SELL bv  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Brunswick  Nur- 
sery, Tottenham  (close  to  White  Hart  Lane  Station.  G.E.R.), 
on  THURSDAY,  Seplember  15,  at  11  o'clock  precisely,  without 


affra. 


10,000  Winter-blooming  HEATHS— hyemalis,  grac 
Wilmorea,  and  others. 
5,000  SOLANUMS. 

6,000  FERNS— Adiantums,  Pteris,  &c. 
3,000  Tree  CARNATIONS,  leading  varieties. 
5,000  BOUVARDIAS. 
3,000  GENISTAS. 
1,000  Double  White  PRIMULAS. 
1.000  Stove  and  Greenhouse  CLI.MBERS. 

DIPLADENLiS  of  sorts,    ALLAMANDAS,  BOUG-AIN- 
VILLEAS,  STEPHANOTIS,  TACSONIAS. 
1,000  PASSIFLORAS,  and  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHU. 

500  CROTONS  and  DRAC^INAS,  beautifully  coloured. 
1,000  PALMS,  FICUS,  &c. 

Large  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS  for  cutting   from, 
Many  thousands  of  small  ERICAS  ;  also  a  colllection  oi 
other  useful  Stock. 
May  now  be  viewed.    Cataloues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of 'the  Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Ley- 
tonstone. E.  


Longland  Nursery,  Sidcup,  S.E. 

ANNUAL  SALE   of    WINTER-ULOO.MIXU  HE.ITHS    and 
other  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  announce  that  the  above  ANNUAL  SALE  will 
take  place  on  the  Premises  on  FRIDAY,  September  16,  by  order 
of  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans. 

Fuller  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

Lewlsham,  S.E. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  SURPLUS  STOCK  of  PALMS, 
FERNS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  received  instructions  from  Mr.  R.  BuUen  to  SELL 
bv  AUCTION,  at  the  Woodlands  Nursery,  Lewisham,  S.E., 
oil  SATURDAY,  September  17,  at  11  o'clock  precisely,  an  im- 
mense quantity  of  remarkably  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  the  following  ;— English- 
grown  Palms,  in  perfect  health  and  condition,  in  3^'s.  43's.  and 
60's ;  about  4000  Latania3  barbonica.  2000  Seaforthia  elegans, 
2000  Arecas  Baueri,  sapida,  and  Intescens;  Kentias  Fosteriana 
and  Balmoreana,  250  Cocos  Weddelliana.  500  Corypha  austra- 
lis.  1000  Phoenix  nipicola,  1000  P.  canariensis,  &c.;  2000 
Adiantum  cuneatum,  1000,  A.  decorum,  1000  Pteris  tremula, 
1000  P.  cretica  major,  cristata,  and  a  large  number  of  the  fol- 
lowing Ferns  :—Lomaria  gibba,  Polypodium  aurenm.  Gymno- 
gramma  perviana,  Lastrsea  aristata,  Cyrtomiums  falcatum  and 
aracena,  in  32's  and  48*3;  also  large  quantities  of  Tree  Carna- 
tions, Draccenas,  Grevilleas,  Roses  in  pots.  Gardenias.  Eucharis. 
&c. ;  and  about  200  Azaleas,  Fielder's  White  and  indica  alba, 
in  32's,  24's,  and  IG's.  Conveyances  will  meet  certain  trains  at 
Lewisham  Junction,  S.E.R.,  on  morning  of  Sale,  according  to 
Catalogue. 

The  Stock  may  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on 
the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside, 
E.C,  Leytonstone,  E. 


The  Wellington  Road  Nursery,  St.  John's  'Wood, 

adjoining  Lord's  Cricket  Ground, 
UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE,  the  LAND  having  been 
purchased  by  the  Committee  of  the  M.CC.  for  the  extension 
of  their  ground. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  E.  O.  Henderson  &  Son,  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises  as  above,  on  TUESDAY', 
September  20,  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  GLASS 
ERECTIONS.  consi«ting  of  16  GREENHOUSES,  thousands  of 
feet  of  PIPING.  BRICKWORK.  &c. 

Detailed  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 

Every  Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday. 

DUTCH  BULBS.  —  GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALE, 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C,  every  MONDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o'clock  precisely, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS. 
NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quality,  lotted  to  suit  large  and  small  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

N.B.— The  SALES  on  MONDAY  and  THURSDAY  NEXT  will 

consist  of  Lote  specially  arranged  for  the  Trade  and  large  Buyers. 


TO  BE  SOLD,  as  a  going  concern,  a  con- 
venient and  well-situated  NURSERY',  about  4  Acres, 
midway  between  two  seuside  resorts.  Stock  and  Glass  at 
valuation.    Good  substantial  House  and  Outbuildings. 

Fullest  particulars  upon  applicaiion,  address  N.  Y'-,  Gardeners 
Chronicle  Ofiice,  41,  VVellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C,         


To  Fruit  Growers,  Msirket  Gardeners .  and  Seed  Fanners 
'■pO  BE  SOLD,  the  Beneficial  Lease  of  about 

JL  21  acres  of  GROUND  (with  immediate  possession),  which 
is  well  stocked,  and  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation.  There 
are  all  the  necessary  F,arm  Implements,  and  2  Horses.  II  newly 
erected  Greenhouses,  containing  in  all  about  1670  feet  run. 
which  are  well  planted  with  Tomatos,  Grape  Vines,  and  Cucum- 
bers; also  large  Barn,  range  of  Sheds.  Stabling,  enclosed  Yard, 
2  semi-detached  Cottages,  and  all  necessary  Outbuildings. 
Price  £1000.  Situation  close  to  Worthing.  Apply  to 
J.  S.  HAWKINS,  Auctioneer,  359.  Liverpool  Road,  London,  N. 


Preliminary  Notice.— Chlswlck,  Middlesex. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  by  direction  of  the  Executors 
of  the  late  Mr.  Joseph  Jessop.  the  LEASE  and  GOOD- 
WILL of  the  BUSINESS  of  a  MARKET  GARDENER,  Stock- 
in-Trade  and  Growing  Crops  on  about  200  Acres  of  Market 
Garden  Ground,  in  excellent  state  of  cultivation,  with  Resi- 
dence and  Farm  Buildings  (all  in  good  repair),  known  aa  Grove 
Farm,  Burlington  Lane,  Chiswick.  The  said  Business  of  a 
Market  Gardener  has  been  in  existence  for  many  years  past. 

Further  particulars  and  orders  to  view  of  Messrs.  FINNIS 
iSl)  WYLIE,  19.  Surrey  Street,  Strand,  W.C,  and  Vestry 
Hall,  Chiswick,  Middlesex. 

FOR  S  A  L  E,  in  consequence  of  Mr.  Imrie's 
death,  the  old-established  and  well-known  NURSERY 
BUSINESS  so  successfully  carried  on  for  upwards  of  sixty 
years  at  Ayr.  The  Grounds  extend  to  about  40  Acres,  adjoin- 
ing the  Railway  Station,  and  are  well  stocked  with  saleable 
Trees  ami  Shrubs.  Further  particulars  on  application  to 
IMRIE  AND  COMPANY.  The  Nurseries,   Ayr.   N.B. 

CMALL  NURSERY.  —  5000  feet    of    Glass, 

O  6  miles  from  Manchester.  Stock,  all  complete.  Very 
cheap. — J.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

TO  BE  LET  or  SOLD,  a  valuable  Freehold 
NURSERY,  with  Cottage,  situated  Groom's  Hill,  Green- 
wich, about  1  acre  walled  i  n .  half  under  glass,  all  fittings.  Water 
laid  on.     Only  parties  with  substantial  means  need  apply  to 
"ANCHOR"  BREWERY,  Lewisham.  S.E. 

0   BE    LET,    a   Small    NURSERY,  in  the 

North  of   London.       8    Glasshouses.    Pits,  &c.,  heated 

with  Hot-water;  Potting  Shed, and  Ground.  Good  Local  Trade 

done.     Rent  £30  per  annum  to  a  good  tenant,  or  Lease  for 

21  years  would  be  sold.    Apply  by  letter,  to  the  Agent  of  the 

PEAT  ASSOCIATION,  10.  Cullum  Street,  E.C. 

Peat  Buyers.— Special  Notice. 

LIGHT  BKOWX  FIliKdUS  RINGWOOD 
PE.AT,  of  best  ,|. ril.lv;  al«..  ell. -iilier  FERN  PEAT  and 
MOULD.  For  immcdiii(<-  Urdcr-.  a  very  low  quotation,  and 
Sample  would  be  sent  previous  to  removal  of  Store. 

The  PEAT  ASSOCIATIO.V.  10,  Cullum  Street,  E.C. 


To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  about  13J  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plaistow,  situated  in  the  Piince  Regent's 
Lane,  and  close  to  the  Barking  Road.    For  particulars  apply  to 
Massrs.  GLUTTON,  9,  Whitehall  Place,  S.W. 


PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
tural Market  Garden  and  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  63,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.,  and  at  Leyton- 
stone, E.     Monthly  Horticultural  Register  had  on  application. 

ARMERS  and  FRUIT  GROWERS  desirous 

of  doing  a  Trade  in  JAMS  and  BOTTLED   FRUITS  for 
Home  and  E.xpurt  Use,  crm  have  FACTORIES  FITTED  UP  on 

Newe,l    SIvl.-,   !iH,l  llii-iii,'«s  Introduced,  by  addressing  M.  G., 
at  ll,,riir;,,il,.'s.  .■,!.  (■heii.M.le.  E.C, 


EAST   LOTHIAN    INTERMEDIATE   STOCKS. 

THOMAS    METHVEN    and   SONS 
offer  their  choice  strain  of  the  above,  in  five  varieties, 
v[r..  Scarlet,  Purple,  White,  Crimson,  and  White  Wall-leaved, 
at  l5.,  2s.  6rf.,  and  Sir. 'each  colour.      Price  to  the  Trade  on 
application. 
By  Royal  Warrant,  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen  to  the  Queen, 

Edinburgh.  

Special  Offer  to  the  Trade. 

DAFFODILS  —  DAFFODILS. 
Several  thousand  of  the  following  varieties  at  low  prices  :— 
CORBULARIA  CITRINA,  mixed  bulbs,  2.5,v.  per  1000. 
N.  PALLIDUS  PR-ECOX  (a  small  variety  from  the  Spanish 
Mountains,  offered  for  the  first  time),  60s.  per  1000 ;  for 
5000  and  upwards,  50s. 
N.  MOSCHATUS,  cultivated  bulbs.  76s.  per  1000. 
N.  BERNABDII.  offered  for  the  first  time.  16s.  per  100. 
W.  OSBORNE,  Biarritz.  Brance, 

New  Roses  in  Pots. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  8ort«  now  ready, 

Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA    and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAMPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  6-inch  pots,  carefully 

packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  15s. 
HALF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  8s. 
EWING  and  CO., 
Sea  View  Nurseries,    Havant,    Hampshire. 

OA  AAA  CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,  of  all  the 
OU^UUv/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5|-ineh  pote,  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RIOKARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester, 


AuGOTT  20,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


211 


STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovel 
&So.v's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runnere  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free.  M.—W.  LO\'EL  AND  SON.  Strawberry  Growers.  Driffaeld. 

FERNS. — Good  saleable  Plants  of  Adiantum 
cuneatum,    Pt^ris  tremula,    P.  cretica,   P.  major,  and 
P.  scrrulata.  in  48'3.  at  50s,  per  100. 
S.  DIXON  AXD  CO..  AmUurst  Niir-eries.  Hackney.  London.  E. 


SUTTON'S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


FOR  JEAFLV  FORCiyG. 
ROMAN       HYACINTHS. 
EAKLY       NARCISSI. 
NEW      PAPER      WHITE      NARCISSUS: 

large  llowered,  pure  i%iiitL..  valuable  for  Forcing. 
AT    JIODER.VTE    PRICES. 


COLLECTIONS  of  BULBS  for  FORCING, 
From   IDs.  6d.  to  42s. 


Fi'LL    PARTJCI'LARS    OX    APPI.ICATIOX. 


DAFFODILS,  White  Trumpets,  &o.— Over  150 
varieties  to  select  from  1  "  HARTLAND'S  •  ORIGINAL ' 
LITTLE  BOOK  of  DAFFODILS,"  including  a  special  offer  o( 
6weet-3cented  Oxlips,  Cowslips,  and  Primroses,  is  now  ready.  It 
is  the  best  guide  to  Daffodil  knowledge  ever  published,  con9id.^r^ 
ably  enlarged — medium  quarto  size — and  full  of  life-size  origi- 
nal drawings  by  Gertrude  Hartland.  The  Book  can  be  had  lor 
18  stamps.  Its  duplicate,  without  the  illustrations,  free  to  all 
applicants.  Please  write  for  them.  The  Bulbs  are  uncommonly 
healthy,  all  grown  in  fresh  pasture  loam  and  sea  sand. 

W.M.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Old  Established  Seed  Ware- 
house. 24.  I'atrick  Street,  Cork. 

IFR^EYFRUIT     TREES. 

U  fc  rV  O  ti  1  Carriage  Paid.  Cordons  a  spScialite. 
Write  f.ir  Illustrated  Catalogues  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU 
AND  SON.  High  View  Nur..evi..s.  who  will  tend,  carriage 
paid  for  cash  with  order,  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  for  218. 
Early  orders  secure  extr;i  strong  plants. 


ORCHID    PEAT. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall 
■  Street,  London,  E.C.,  continue  to  receive  the  highest 
of  Testiraonial3(unsolicited)from  large  Orchid  Growers,  stating 
their  ORCHID  PEAT  is  the  best  they  have  ever  used.  Samples 
can  be  seen  at  above  address,  or  forwarded  on  application. 

A,    JOHNSON  AND    CO.    have  ul-o  lirst-class  BLACK    aud 
BROWN  PEAT  uiwu  their  estates  suitable  for  all  purposes. 


PAXTON^S        CALENDAE. 


Nnc  Edition,    Corrected  up  to  Date, 


THE     COTTAGER'S     CALENDAR 
OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

(TWO   HUNDRED    AND    FIFTY-SIXTH    THOUSAND.) 

By  the  late  Sir  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.,  Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'  Chrmiide. 


Price    3d.,     Post-free    S^d.  ; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  5s.  ;    fifty,  lOa.  ;    and  cue  hundred,  SOs. 

Parcels  of  not  less  than  twenty-five  delivered.   Carriage  Free,  in  London  only. 

Xot  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 


"\V.  RICHARDS,  41,  WELLINGTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


WORKS  FOR  THE  POSSESSORS  OF  GARDENS. 


MRS.     LOUDON'S    LADIES'      COMPANION      TO      THE     FLOWER     GARDEN.      A 

Guide  to  the  Management  and  Adornment  of  Gardens  of  every  slie.     A  New  E.lition. 
Fcap.  cloth,  price  7s. 

HIGH-CLASS  KITCHEN  GARDENING.  A  Handy  Manual  for  the  Improved  Cultivation 
of  all  Vegetables.  By  William  Eahlet,  Author  of  "  How  to  Grow  Mushrooms,"  "  How 
to  Grow  Asparagus,"  &o.,  &c.     Crown  8vo,  with  Coloured  Frontispiece,  price  is.  6d. 

HOW    TO    GROW    MUSHROOMS.    By  William  Eaelet.    Price  Is.  stitched. 

THE    ART     OF     GROWING     ROSES    OUT-OF-DOORS.      By  Rev,   O.  Fisheh.      Fourth 

Edition,  revised  and  enlarged.     Price  Is. 
HOW     TO     GROW    ASPARAGUS.     A  popular  Explanation  of  the  best  Method  of  Culture, 
By  William  Eabley,     Price  Is,  stitched,. 


London:    BRADBURY,    AGNEW,    &   CO.,    Bouverie  Street,  E.C, 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    nSRB    REFUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25s. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40s. ;  4-bushel  bogs,  id.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  Sd.  per  sack ;  6  sacks, 
2fis. ;  sacks,  4^.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  65.  per  sack,  6  sacks,  22s. ;  sacks, 
id.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  9d.  per  bushel ;  15s.  per  half 
ton;  2tJs.  per  ton.  in  2-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNU.M  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VLRGIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  RUSSIA  JLATS.  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17i,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 


HORTICULTURAL     SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BEN.IAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  7oA,  Queen  Victoria 
Street.  E.C,  near  M.-insion  House  Station.    Depdt:  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London.  S.E. 
TELEGRAiK — "  Floriculture.  London."    Established  18.'>4. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6rf.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat.  6s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  M.  per 
bag.    SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 


^'      I  is. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ...    6s,  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  Qd. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous      ...  4s.  6flf.    ,,        6  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  6d.    ,,        5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAJI,  best  yellow  fibrous  ... 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  6d.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  onlv Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  flnestimported        ...    8d:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Speciality)       id.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack ...    6s.  per  bushel, 

CHUBB'S"PERFE(?r"FER-")  In  bags. 

TtLISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  . ' ., 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  (Tins.  71b.  141b.  281b.  661b.  1  cwt. 
Fruits,  Vegetables,  &.C.     ...)    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 

CJBUSHED  BONES,  best  quality        1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 

VIEGIN  CORK,  beat  quality  only        —    3/-    5/6    10/6    17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  6d.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  Is.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. ; 
30  sacks.  25s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
iu  sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

TREPHO  forORCHIDS. 

For  Potting,  Rafts,  Blocks.  &c.    To  be  obtained  only  from 
BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.,  F.E.H.S., 


CATALOGUE  of  all  Horticultural  Requisites  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  descriptions. 


WASPS.— DAVIS'S  WASP  DESTROYER 
will  rid  any  place  of  these  pests  instantaneously. 
See  testimonials,  Is.  Hd.  and  25.  6d.  per  bottle  :  post-free,  Is.  ^d. 
and  25.  lOd.—B.  E.  DAVIS,  Yeovil  Nurseries,  Yeovil. 


JENSEN'S 

Every  grain  fertilizes  because    the  Guano  is  perfectly 
pure.     It  13  mo3t  economical,  one  part  of  Manure  to 

100  parts  of  soil  being  ample  for  garden  use. 
Write  for  Pamphlet,  Teetimoniala  and  Inatructiona. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voelcker'8  analysie  guaranfeed.     FISH-POTASH 
contains  Ammonia,  Phosphates  and  Potash  in  large 
proportions,  which    are  the    principal   elements  of 
fertilization. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is. ;  In  Bags,  71bs.,  2s. ;   141bs., 

4s. ;  28  lbs.,  6s.  6d. ;  56  lbs.,  10s.  6d. :  1  cwt., 

16s. ;  2  cwt.,  30s.,  carriage  paid.    Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 


J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 
10,  St.  Helen's  Place,  London,  E.C. 


212 


THE    GABDENERS'    GSHONICLE. 


tAuocs*  20,  1887. 


WEBBS'  SEEDS 

FOJi  PRESENT  SOWING. 


CABBAGE. 


WEBBS'     EUPEBOB.     CABBAGE. 

6d.  "lul  Is.  per  packet ;  Is.  6d.  per  ounce. 
Fto  II  Mr.  F.  Harrison,  Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  th( 


Earl  of  Dtrby.— "  Weibs'  Emperor  Cabbage 
by  sidi  wii/i  four  other  kinds,  and  was 
b.!.^t  oftliii  'at.     It  is  a  grand  Cabbage." 

Early  Nonpareil  Cabbage 
Enfield  Market  Cabbage 
Early  Rainbam  Cabbage 
Red  Dutch  or  Pickling  Cabbage 


side 
iidered  to  be  the 


8d.  per 
6d.    „ 


ONION. 


Webbs'  Red  Globe  Tripoli 
Large  Flat  Red  Tripoli 

Giant  Rocca 

Wblte  Lisbon         


1  0 

0  9 

1  0 
0  6 


FREE  11  y  POST  OR  RAIL. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

WORDSLEY,  STOURBRIDGE. 


DXJTCH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

FRENCH     BULBS     CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our   Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulbs, 
free  on  application, 

it  varieties  ofHYAC 
FODILS.IRIS,  SNl 
r  bffore  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 


WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Ser.l  lUi.l  Ilulb  MerclKiuts, 

KXKTER  STI!Ei:r,8TKAM).  LONDON. W.C. 

ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18«.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application, 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

NARGiSS  AND  ALL  OTHER  BULBS. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  of  our  unequalled 
stock  Post-free  on  application. 

"James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

108  EASTQATE  ST.     ■> 
'NEWTON'   NUESBRIBsi  ""'''"  ^^^i 


•^^J 

^  -y^ 


Wome  arvd  S^ee^. 


OUR    BEGONIAS. 

ALL  those  who  take  the  greatest  interest  in  this 
very  wonderful  family  pronounce  not  only  our  displuybut 
our  own  atrain  ia  much  the  nearest  perfection  in  existence. 
No  disease  or  mildew  ever  been  seen,  and  such  remarkable 
dwarf  quick  growth  that  there  is  no  difficulty  in  getting  fine 
plants  covered  with  immense  blooms  like  Hollyhocks  from  seed 
the  first  year,  and  many  distinct  colours  altogether  different 
from  those  usually  seen  and  shown.  Although  our  display  of 
other  flowers  is  wonderful,  and  far  exceeds  any  other  establish- 
moDt,  the  collection  of  Begoniaa  alone  is  more  than  sufficient 
to  repay  the  journey. 


H. CANNELL  &  SONS 

FLOK  r STS  , 

SWANLEY,       KENT. 


EARLY  WHITE 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

OUR  LARGE  CONSIGNMENTS 
of  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  PAPER  WHITE  NAR- 
CISSUS, &c.,  are  to  hand  in  splendid  condition,  and 
we  have  much  pleasure  in  offering  fine  picked  Bulbs 
[it  moderate  pricen  as  below,  carriage  free  : — 
WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  fine  roots,  2s.  per 

d(.7.eii.  \hs.  p.T  liiii.  Hos.  per  1000. 
WHITE   ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  ordinary  sized  roots, 

li.  i)rf.  iier  dozen,  12s.  per  100,  lIOs.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,  Paper  White,  splendid  for  forcing.  Is.  M. 

per  dozen,  10$.  lod.  per  100.  90s.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,     Paper    White,    new,     large    flowered, 
splendid  variety,  much  superior  to  the  old  sort,  2s.  tirf. 
per  dozen,  1.5s.  per  100. 
NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  fine  roots.  Is.  M.  per 
dozen.  10s.  6(f.  per  100,  90s.  per  1000. 
Our  beautifully    Illustrated    CATALOGUE    (64  pages 
imperial  size)  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  Fruit 
Trees.  Roses.  &c.,  is  now  ready,  and  should  be  read  by  all 
intending  purchasers  before  making  their  selection. 


DANIELS     BROS., 

ROYAL    NORFOLK    SEED    ESTABLISHJIENT, 

NOE.-WICH. 


ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 


of  its  unprecedented  t 

FRUIT   TREES,    ROSES, 

WINTER   and    SPRING  BLOOMING  PLANTS, 

Of  fine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 

Inspection  Invited. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  271,600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO., 

CLAPTON  NURSERY,  LONDON,  E. 

CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion. Price,  6s.  per  bushel  (Ij.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  <od.  per 
cake ;  free  by  parcel  post.  Is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  oursignatureattached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  HighRate  Nurseries.  N. 


(5,000  TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LEADING  VARIETIES, 

Fine  plants,  in  5i  and  6-inch  pots,  12s.,  15s.,  and  18s.  per  dozen, 

according  to  size. 

The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 

any  in  the  country.    LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 

application,        p^,^,^  ^  j^^  ,j.^^^  „„  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN    COWAN),    Limited, 

THE  VINEYAED  and  NURSEIUES,  GARSTON, 

NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


HOOPER   &    CO.,    Lim., 

COVENT    GARDEN   LONBON. 


BEGONIAS. 

For  bedding-out  or  pots,  splendid  varieties.     These  are  seed- 
lings that  can  be  thoroughly  recommended. 

Per  dozen,  4s.,  poat-ftee. 

GLOXINIAS. 

Seedlings  of  our  magnificent  strains,  not  equalled  by  any  in 
existence  that  we  are  aware  of.     The  most  euperb  of  house 

piantfl.  In   thumb-pots,  6s.   dozen. 

PETUNIA  HOOPER'S  EMPRESS. 

A  lovely  soft  pink,  perfectly  double,  and  of  .-iiileudid  habit, 

Is.  each;  7s.  6d.  dozen. 

SCHUBERTIA  GRANDIFLORA. 

A  new  plant  of  great  merit,  destined  to  take  a  prominent 
position  aa  one  of  the  best  novelties  introduced  for  many  years. 
It  fiowera  profusely  in  clusters,  shape  of  the  Allamanda,  pure 
white,  delicioualy  scented,  and  lasting  a  long  time  in  water; 
flowers  large  and  of  good  substance.  For  cut  blooms  and 
docorative  purposes  it  is  uniijue  ;  the  culture  most  simple  in 
the  ordinary  greenhou.se  or  conservatory. 

78.  6d.  and  lOs.  6d. 
HOOPEB  &  00.,  Limited,  Covent  Garden. 


^ 


EARLY  BULBS 

AT    DUTCH    PRICES, 

To   Produce   Beautiful   White   and    Coloured 
Flowers  for  Chrii<tmas  Decoration, 


WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

THE    LARGEST    BULBS    OF    THE    YEAR. 
Price,  per  lOO,  14a, :  per  dozen,  2a. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  lOs.  6d. ;  per  dozen,  Is.  6d. 

PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  IDs.  6d. ;   per  dozen,  la.  6d. 

VAN    THOL   TULIPS,  Red  and  Yellow. 

Price,  per  100,  4s.  6d. ;  per  dozen,  9d. 

EXTRA  LARGE  SNOWDROPS. 

Price,  per  100,  3s. ;  per  dozen,  6d. 

Detailed  CA  TAL  OG  UE  Gratis  and  Post-free. 

ALL  PARCELS  CAKKIAGE  FREE. 


237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOR  EARLY  FORCING. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  AVhite,  fine  selected 

roots,  2s.  per  dozen,  16s.  per  100. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  \s.  &d.  per  doz., 

lOs.  per  100. 
,,    Paper  White,  Is.  6rf.  per  dozen,  lOs.  per  100. 

TULIPS,   Duo  Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

8rf.  per  dozen,  4s.  per  100. 


All  Carriage  Free.    Catalogues  Gratia  and  Post-itee. 


THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 

(RKGIISTF-KKIt). 

CHABD,     SOMERSETSHIRE. 

SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 


iiiSkN 


EARLY  White  ROMAN  HYACINTHS, 

EAELY-FLOWERINQ   NARCISSUS. 

And  all  other  Bulbs  for  Early  Forcing. 
Finest  quilities.    Delivered  Carriage  Free. 


niuBtrated    Descriptive   Catalogues 
PoBt-Free. 


•^Re-Queer2'5-l)eed§a?eR; 


AcGCST  20,  1887.] 


TEE     GARDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


213 


NOW        READY. 

Gratis  and  Post  Free  to  intending  Purchasers  of  Bulbs 

SUTTON'S  BULB 
CATALOGUE, 

Containing    Descriptive    LISTS    of 

UVAOIUTUO  —All  the  finest  varieties  for  culture  in 
n  1  AUI  n  1  III).     Potsand  Glasses,  and  Sutton's  Inimit- 
able Bedding  Hyacinths  :u  distinct 
shades  of  colour.  "'TrulymaKnificent: 
not  a  single  failure."  —  Vide  Unso- 
licited Testimony. 

Till  IDC  —The  best  varieties  for  Bedding  and  for  Early 
1  U LI rO.     Spring  Flowering. 

U  A  DP  ICO  1  —V  very  full  and  accurate  description  of  all 
nAnUIOOI.     the  best  varieties,  together  with  several 
beautiful  Illustrations.     Also  a 

HANDSOME  COLOURED  PUTE, 

niustrotivc  of  HYACINTHS.  TI'LIPS,  KARCISSI, 
and  ANEMONES. 

EARLY   ROMAN    HYACINTHS 
EARLY    NARCISSI 

S/iould  be  ordered  at  072ce  for  immediate 

planting. 

Prices    very   Moderate. 

SUTTON'S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

Strong  Roots,  4s.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots.  16?.  p»r  100; 
ditto  in  large  pot**.  -Ihs.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMO'H  AXD  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE,   containing    "Hints   on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  \s. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including     Descriptive      "List     of     New,    Kxre,    akb 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  Amebican  Ferns." 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

F£BN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

GANNELL   &   SONS' 

NEW    PLANTS,     SEEDLINGS, 
SPORTS,     &c. 

We  felt  certain  from  the  superiority  of  both  our  Seeds  and 
Plants,  and  the  near  perfection  of  our  strains,  they  would 
manifest  their  value,  and  it  appears  that  numerous  First  Prizes 
are  being  awarded  to  them  all  over  the  World.  Our  "  REAL 
MANURE  "  is  also  doing  wonderful  work,  and  carrying  many 
to  victory.  Naturally  we  are  exceedingly  aniions  to  have  a  com- 
plete record  of  such  honours,  and  should  be  extremely  obliged  if 
all  winners  would  kindly  send  us  full  particulars  of  the  same. 

We  should  be  glad  to  RECEIVE  SPECIMEN  BLOOMS  of  any 
really  good  New  Varieties,  with  a  view  of  Purchasing  the  same. 


THE    HOME     OF    FLOWERS, 

SWANLEY.     KENT. 

WHITE      ROMAN      HYACINTHS, 

and  all  other  Bulbs  for  earliest  forcing. 
CATALOGUE   (No.lS,?,)    POST-FREE. 

"James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

108  BASTGATE  ST.     -j 
' NEWTON '  NUBSEBIES /vP"»laft' 


STANDEN'S  MANURE 

Established  20   Years. 

THIS  OLD-ESTABLISHED  MANURE 
is  acknowledged  by  the  leading  practical  Gardeners  in 
the  Ignited  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies  to  exceed  all  others  in 
general  fertilising  properties  and  staying  powers.  It  promot^a 
a  rapid,  hejilthy,  and  robust  growth  to  plants  generally.  For 
Vines  it  cannot  be  too  highly  recommended,  and  this  fact  is 
fully  sustained  from  the  reault  obtained  by  its  use  in  the  hands 
of  some  of  the  most  successful  Grape  growers.  It  is  a  clean 
and  dry  Powder,  with  very  little  smell,  which  renders  it  par- 
ticularly adaptable  for  ladies  interested  in  plant  culture. 

The  highly  fertilising  properties  of  this  Manure  render  its 
money  value  in  comparison  with  other  manures  at  teait  dottble  ; 
and  u-iers  will  find  that  very  small  quantities  mill  produce 
favourable  results. 

Sold  in  new  and  enlarged  Tins,  1/-,  2/6, 
6/6,  10/6,  and  21/-  each  ;  and  in  Kegs  at 
reduced  prices— 281b.,  12/6;  561b.,  23/-; 
1121b.,  42/-  each. 

Mat/  be  obtained  from  Ntirseryinen  and  Seedsmen  in 
the   United  Kingdom  and  the  Colonies. 


Sole  Manufacturers, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  LTD., 


London,  E.C. 


ELLIOTT'S    IMPROVED 

"SUMMER  CLOUD  "SHADING 

For  Glass  Structures  that  require  Shading. 

It  combines  EFFICACY  with  APPEARANCE.  CONVE- 
NIENCE with  ECONOMY,  and  its  effects  are  LASTING. 

Sold  in  packets.  Is.  each,  with  full  directions  for  use,  and  in 
bags,  7  lb.,  12s. ;  14  lb.,  22s. ;  may  be  obtained  from  all  Seeds- 
men and  Nurserymen, 

Sole  Manufacturers  and  Proprietors, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

London,  E.C. 


Many  years'  experience  has  proved 
this  article  the  most  certain  and 
efficacious  remedy  for  the  de.'struc- 
tionof  Daisies  and  Weedson  Lawns. 
If  used  according  to  the  directions, 
it  cannot  fail  to  produce  a  healthy 
and  luxuriant  growth  of  grass  in 
one  application  ;  and  to  enable  the 
article  to  be  in  more  general  use  it 
is  now  offered  at  the  following 

REDUCED   PRICES, 

Tins.  Is.,  2S.  6d..  5s. ;  and  in 

Kegs,  i-cwt..  88.;   fcwt.  16a.; 

1-cwt.  30s. 


Sold  by  all  Nurserymen  and  Seedsmen. 


Sole  Manufacturers, 

CORRY,  SOPER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

London,  EC. 


SEE  THAT  YOU  OBTAIN 

FOWLER'S    LAWN     SAND, 

All  Fackagea  bavlng  the  name  plainly  attacbed. 


Now  ready,  In  cloth,  lis.  fid. 
rpBE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 

J-  Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE.  1887. 

W.    RICHARDS,    41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

NEW         EDITION, 
Corrected  up  to  Date, 

TEE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR 

of 

GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  S^d. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

London,  W.C. 


THE 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  20,  1887. 


GARDENS    OF    OXFORD.— II. 

ly/TAGDALEN  COLLEGE,  founded  in  14,57, 
-'-'-*-  by  William  Waynflete,  Bishop  of  "Win- 
chester, in  honour  of  the  saint  whose  name  it 
bears,  enjoys  the  advantage  of  ample  space,  and  a 
noble  series  of  buildings,  including  stately  towers, 
and  lofty  pinnacles  and  turrets — grand  architec- 
ture, even  for  Oxford.  The  buildings  cover 
11  acres,  while  the  rest  of  the  domain  of  100 
acres  is  occupied  by  a  deer  park,  the  lawns  of  the 
quadrangle,  and  the  water  walks  on  the  borders 
of  the  Cherwell. 

Addison  was  one  of  the  many  famous  men 
whom  this  college,  fruitful  of  men  of  genius,  has 
produced,  and  one  of  the  secluded  walks  by  the 
river-side,  well  shaded  with  Elms,  still  bears  his 
name.  One  would  like  to  find  a  reason  for  the 
remarkable  number  of  distinguished  persons  who 
must  have  gained  some  of  the  materials  of  their 
renown  here.  Every  effect  must  come  by  cause. 
Why  has  Magdalen  proved  the  very  hotbed  of 
genius  ? 

The  exact  cause  of  greatness  is  a  point  well 
worth  looking  into.  We  find  that  the  list  of 
illustrious  persons  who  received  training  and 
instruction  here  comprises  two  cardinals,  four 
archbishops,  and  forty  bishops,  besides  innu- 
merable men  of  eminence,  such  as  Addison,  the 
essayist.  Fox,  the  martyrologist,  Hampden,  the 
patriot,  and  Gibbon,  the  historian.  This  wonder- 
ful prolificacy  may  perhaps  be  due,  not  to  the 
atmosphere,  but  to  the  iniluence  of  the  water 
walks  and  gardens,  which  in  regard  to  their 
scope  and  beauty,  and  the  opportunity  they  afford 
for  seclusion  and  meditation,  are  unmatched  in 
Oxford. 

The  gardens  of  Wadham  College  will  repay  a 
visit.  This  is  almost  the  youngest  of  the  college?, 
except  that  founded  the  other  day  by  in  honour  of 
Keble,  whose  vicarage,  church,  and  burial  place  at 
Ilursloy,  wore  noticed  December  26, 1885.  With 
this  exception  none  of  the  seats  of  learning 
at  this  venerable  university,  bears  a  later  date 
than  1611,  and  Wadham  College,  though  the  last 
born  of  the  group  whose  specific  name  is  Alma 


214 


THE     GABDENERS'     GTIRONICLE. 


[AcGCBT  20,  1887. 


Mater,  owns  already  the  venerable  appearance 
and  the  dignity  which  time  confers  on  good 
architecture.  Though  it  must  be  classed 
among  the  smaller  colleges,  it  is  one  of 
the  most  interesting  of  them  all.  Enter- 
ing the  quadrangle  you  see  before  you  in  the 
opposite  wall  the  statues  in  bas  relief  of 
Dorothy  and  >'icholas  Wadham,  founders,  1611, 
and  of  James  I.,  king  at  that  time,  all  in  the 
costume  of  that  period — the  lady  in  her  stiff 
frill,  the  gentleman  in  trunk  hose  and  in  un- 
mentionables that  are  brief  and  baggy,  according 
to  the  fashion  of  those  times.  Our  costumes 
change  and  vary,  the  sooner  the  better  some- 
times ;  but  if  you  cross  the  quadrangle  and  pass 
through  the  door  in  the  corner  you  will  find 
yourself  in  the  garden,  which  is  thrown  open  to 
the  public,  and  you  will  see  before  you  a  Copper 
Beech  whose  costume,  such  as  it  appeared  on 
Midsummer  Day,  when  I  paid  it  my  latest  visit, 
never  changes.  It  will  fade  and  fall  in  the 
autumn,  because  the  leaves  will  then  suffer 
by  Nature's  law  of  annual  decay;  but  when 
the  buds  again  unfold  in  the  spring,  and 
the  leaves  again  flutter  in  the  eye  of 
heaven,  the  same  exquisite  costume  will  be  worn. 
It  is  but  too  true  that  Solomon  in  all  his  glory 
was  not  arrayed  like  a  Copper  Beech.  One  can 
never  rightly  admire  trees  as  they  deserve,  and 
almost  adore  them,  without  a  feeling  that,  after 
all,  such  beautiful  objects,  clad  in  raiment  bor- 
rowed from  heaven  rather  than  from  earth,  may 
in  their  own  way  respond,  to  the  canticle,  Bene- 
dicite  omnia  opera  :  "  0,  all  ye  green  things  upon 
the  earth,  bless  ye  the  Lord ;  praise  Him,  and 
magnify  Him  for  ever."  And  when  these  lessons 
have  been  learnt,  and  the  trees  have  taught  us 
tailoring,  then  the  costumes  that  defy  Nature 
will  be  thrown  aside. 

It  is  a  very  fine  Copper  Beech,  10  feet  in  girth, 
with  a  great  spread  of  branches,  and  evidently 
the  president  among  the  trees  in  this  garden.  A 
tall  Salisburia,  or  Maidenhair  trfee,  and  an  Ilex, 
stand  near  it;  and  not  far  off — for  this  is  not  a 
large  enclosure,  only  a  single  large  lawn,  walled 
in,  with  a  path  round  it — are  two  magnificent 
Limes,  tall  in  stature,  and  perfect  in  shape,  with 
the  lower  branches,  heavy  with  leaves,  lying  on 
the  groimd. 

There  are  two  Cedars  of  Lebanon,  rather  dila- 
pidated; some  Acacias  (Robinias),  which,  with 
the  Salisburia,  are  common  at  Oxford;  and  a 
Taxodium  sempervirens,  much  out  of  health. 
Two  trees  at  least  in  this  beautiful  enclosure 
should  certainly  be  cut  down,  for  if  a  tree  be 
ugly  or  irrecoverably  sick,  it  is  useless  wishing 
it  were  not  so.  Only  one  fate  remains  for  it— 
"  Why  cumbereth  it  the  ground  ?  "  There  are 
at  least  a  dozen  sorts  of  trees  and  shrubs  here 
besides  those  already  mentioned,  and  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  seems  to  hint  that  perfection  is 
more  attractive  even  than  variety,  while  over- 
crowding is  a  sad  mistake.  It  is  a  Cratcegus 
Crns Galli  splendens— splendid  Cockspur  Thorn — 
which  stands  on  the  lawn,  where  it  has  attained 
its  perfect  shape,  being  round  as  an  alderman,  or 
more  exactly  like  an  open  umbrella  14  or  15  feet 
in  diameter.  The  pale  green,  shining  leaves  of 
this  Thorn  are  most  attractive,  resembling  in 
colour  those  of  a  shrub  from  another  hemisphere — 
the  Cockspur  Thorn  coming  from  North  America, 
the  Pomegranate  from  the  Mediterranean.  This 
latter  shrub  seems  to  be  rare  in  Oxford,  but 
ought  not  to  be  so,  as  few  are  more  charming  in 
their  delicate  green  leaf.  I  here  offer  a  criticism, 
such  as  might  be  expected  of  a  horticulturist  on 
the  wing,  and  it  is  not  easy  to  do  this  in  regard 
to  the  gardens  at  Oxford. 
The  Warden's  private  gardens   at    Wadham 


College  are  said  to  be  superior,  but  I  did 
not  seek  admission.  On  Midsummer  Day,  when 
all  the  public  gardens  in  this  most  beautiful 
city  could  be  enjoyed,  and  were,  in  fact,  en- 
joyed by  many  persons,  strolling  or  seated,  and 
when  lawn  tennis  and  sunbeams  seemed  to  be 
conflicting  in  the  great  enclosure  at  Trinity, 
the  privacy  of  private  gardens  should  be  re- 
spected. 

It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  the  earliest 
sittings  of  the  Royal  Society  were  held  in  the 
large  room  over  the  gateway  of  this  college,  that 
portion  of  the  buildings  forming  then  part  of  the 
Warden's  lodgings.  Among  the  founders  were 
Sir  Christopher  Wren,  Dr.  Wilkins  (who  married 
the  sister  of  Oliver  Cromwell),  Thomas  Spratt 
(afterwards  Bishop  of  Rochester),  and  other 
eminent  men ;  and  among  its  earliest  Fellows 
was  that  hero  of  romantic  name,  the  bane  of 
Algerian  pirates,  and  the  favourite  of  his 
country.  Sir  Kenelm  Digby.  M.  E. 


STREPTOCAEPUS    WATSONI x . 

ItJ  our  number  for  July  30  we  alluded  to  the 
remarkable  series  of  hybrids  which  Mr.  Watson,  of 
Kew,  had  raised  between  that  most  extraordinary 
plant,  Streptocarpus  Dunnii,  and  other  species.  S. 
Dunnii  is  perhaps  rather  remarkable  than  beautiful, 
but  certainly  most  remarkable.  By  fertilising  S.parvi- 
flora  with  the  pollen  of  S.  Dunnii  Mr.  Watson  has 
raised  a  hybrid  with  the  profuse  flowering  tendencies 
of  the  male  parent,  and  with  flowers  of  a  bright 
rosy-purple. 

The  full  description  of  the  plant,  drawn  up  by  Mr. 
Brown,  is  given  at  p.  137,  and  which  we  need  not 
repeat,  the  more  so  as  Mr.  Weather's  drawing  (see 
flg.  52)  will  enable  our  readers  to  judge  for  them- 
selves of  the  merits  of  the  plant. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


SACCOLABITJM  SXrEEANUM,  n.  sp* 
AccoRDiNO  to  a  sketch  kindly  sent  me  by  Mr. 
A.  H.  Smee  the  stem  has  seven  leaves.  The 
leaves  are  very  thick,  as  in  Sarcanthus  laxus,  very 
sharp  at  the  edges,  blunt  and  unequally  bilobed  at 
the  top,  and  the  sheath  is  full  of  wavy  lines,  and  as 
rough  as  those  of  Arpophyllum.  The  peduncles 
which  appeared  were  porrect,  bifid,  eacli  branch 
closely  racemose.  The  green  spindle  is  of  a  blackish- 
mauve  tint,  totally  so  on  the  basilar  part.  The 
bracts  are  blunt,  triangular,  concave,  almost  equal 
to  the  stalked  ovaries.  Sepals  oblong-Iigulate, 
keeled  ;  tepals  nearly  so,  even  ;  side  lacinae  of  the 
lip  very  small,  nearly  obliterate,  oblong  ;  mi  J-lacinite 
oblong-acute,  with  a  proboscoid  firm  goitre-like 
swelling  under  the  apex.  Spur  short,  cylindrical, 
blunt,  usually  curved,  equal  to  the  stalked  ovary. 
There  is  a  great  change  in  tlie  colour  of  the  small 
flowers,  which  are  a  little  larger  than  those  of  Sacco- 
labium  gemmatum.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  of 
the  lightest  greenish-white  when  opening,  with 
mauve  mid  veins.  The  petals  are  sometimes  free 
from  colour.  Lip  white,  disc  of  the  mid  lacinia  of 
the  finest  mauve.  Column  whitish  ;  ultimately  those 
colours  change.  The  sepals  and  petals  become 
whitish-ochre  coloured,  the  stripes  become  mauve- 
brownish,  the  lip  becoming  yellow  with  some  brown 
colour,  in  lieu  of  that  fine  dazzling  mauve. 

This   apparently  unique   plant    flowered    first   in 

'  .Sficcotfibium  A'meeanum,  n.  wp. — Erectum  ;  vaginia  arpo- 
phyllaceo-rugosis  ;  foliia  latoligulatis  apice  ineequaliter  obtuse 
bilobi?,  abbreviati?,  latis,  craisis&imia  (.3 — i  pollices  lougis, 
IJ  latis);  panicula  biramea  (semper?)  densiflora;  bracteis 
concaris  obtusisovaria  subiEquantibus;  sepalisligulatis  obtusis 
extus  carinatis.  tepalig  sub.x-qiialibua  Iab«llo  camoaissimo, 
laciuiis  lateralibas  obtusangulia  abbrefiatis,  lacinia  mediana 
obloDg>trlaQgula,  aub  apics  etrumosa.  calcarl  eylindrato 
elavato  obtueo  d«fl«xo  orarlum  lubesquaDte.  CI.  Smee,  grato 
anlmo  dicatum.  H.  G.  BeU.  /. 


October,  1885,  and  in  August,  1887,  in  the  garden  of 
Mr.  A.  H.  Smee,  at  Hackbridge,  near  Carshalton. 
The  plant  passed  through  different  hands  before  it 
came  to  rest  with  its  actual  possessor;  hence  its 
origin  is  unknown.  It  may  he  Sondaic.  No  species 
is  so  much  like  it  as  to  the  flowers  as  Saccolabium 
pachyglossum  of  Lindley,  which  was  discovered  by 
T.  Lobb ;  this  has,  however,  terete  leaves.  It  bears 
the  name  of  its  kind  possessor,  Mr.  A.  H.  Smee. 
H.  G.  Rchh.  f. 

Dendrobium  lon'Gicornu,  Lindl. 
How  difficult  it  is  sometimes  to  name  garden 
Orchids !  Mr.  A.  H.  Smee,  The  Grange,  Hack- 
bridge,  Surrey,  sent  me  in  November,  1883,  in 
August,  1885,  and  again  now,  flowers  of  the  same 
plant.  On  the  two  former  occasions  they  were  quite 
"  distinct  "  from  the  type,  having  a  very  narrow  pro- 
jected central  lacinia  of  the  lip,  with  very  few  teeth. 
I  had  no  great  confidence  in  the  play,  and  knowing 
Mr.  A.  H.  Smee's  kindness,  I  asked  for  a  third  fresh 
supply.  And  now  the  flowers  at  hand  correspond  to 
the  original  representation  in  Bat.  Reg.,  1315,  show- 
ing a  very  short  broad,  emarginate,  retuse  mid-lacinia, 
with  numerous  teeth  !  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

JI.4SDEVALLIA    HiNCKSIANA  X ,  ».  Ttyh. 

A  lovely  thing  !  It  is  a  cross  between  Maade- 
vallia  ignea,  Rchb.  f.  (pollen),  and  tovarensis,  Rchh.  f. 
The  foliage  is  just  intermediate  between  the  two 
parents,  having  "  a  longer  footstalk  than  tovarensis,  and 
not  quite  so  long  a  one  as  that  of  ignea."  The  flower 
is  very  graceful  on  its  slender  peduncle,  the  first  one 
being  one-flowered,  but  the  parentage  of  tovarensis 
might  give  hopes  for  more  flowers.  It  has  a  slender 
short  white  tube,  a  very  short  triangular  median  sepal, 
light  ochre,  running  out  in  a  declined  ochre  tail, 
orange  at  top.  The  pair  sepals  are  quite  those  of 
Masdevallia  tovarensis,  but  narrower,  light  ochre, 
the  short  tails  orange.  Petals  ligulate,  emarginate  at 
the  top,  obtusangled  over  the  base,  with  a  keel  running 
inside  quite  as  in  ignea.  Lip  ligulate  acute,  with 
two  little  short  semi-oblong  keels  in  the  middle  in 
lieu  of  the  longer  ones  of  Masdevallia  tovarensis. 
Column  of  the  same  species,  but  the  lateral  angles,  and 
a  spot  on  back  purple-mauve.  Flower  equal  to  that 
of  a  middle-sized  Masdevallia  tovarensis,  but  a  little 
narrower,  in  the  way  of  genuine  M.  coccinea.  It 
was  raised  by  my  excellent  correspondent.  Captain 
S.  C.  Hincks,  Breckenborough,  Thirsk,  whose  name 
it  bears.  It  is  eminent  as  an  orchidic  hybrid  for  its 
pure  colour.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

CaTASETDM    SANGOINEtTM  (Lindl.)  INTEGEALE,  It,  far. 

The  genuine  Catasetum  sanguineum,  Lindl.,  as 
represented  in  a  woodcut  in  Paxton's  Flower  Garden, 
ii.,  p.  168,  has  the  broad  anterior  part  of  the  lip 
serrate.  I  have  often  seen  this  with  numerous 
transitions  to  a  simpler  state — there  are  smaller,  much 
greater  teeth,  few  teeth,  &c.  Two  fine  varieties 
are  represented  in  Hook.,  Bot.  Mag.,  4792.  A  new 
variety  has  the  anterior  lip  wholly  entire.  I  had 
never  seen  it  thus  before.  It  was  kindly  sent  me  by 
Mr.  W.  Bull.  I  believe  Catasetum  Naso,  Lindl. 
(not  Hook.,  Bof.  Mag.,  I.e.),  is  quite  distinct  by  the 
border  of  the  hypochiliar  cavity  being  a  lobed  wall 
whereas  it  is  entire,  now  emarginate  in  the  middle 
in  Catasetum  sanguineum,  Lindl.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

ClRUHOPETALUM    STRAGtJLARIUM,  n.  »p. 

I  may  add  to  what  was  published  of  this  plant  in 
last  week's  issue,  p.  186,  that  a  very  useful  sketch  of 
the  plant,  kindly  forwarded  me  by  Mr.  W.  Bull, 
shows  that  the  bulbs  are  wide  apart,  on  a  strong, 
scaly  creejjing  rhizome.  The  pseudobulbs  are  pyri- 
form  tetragouous  or  pentagonal,  more  than  an  inch  in 
height,  and  an  inch  at  least  in  diameter.  Sheaths 
broken  up  speedily  into  fibres.  Leaves  cuneate  petio- 
late  for  more  than  an  inch  in  length,  oblong,  blunt, 
0—7  inches  long,  by  2^—3  inches  wide. 

It  may  bo  the  oame  as  Cirrhopetalum  pulchrum, 
IT.  E.  Brown,  published  in  the  Illuairation  Hortieoh, 
1886,  pi.  serin.,  but  the  evldenoe  of  Identity  oan 


August  20,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


215 


only  be  given  by  fresh  flowers,  warranted  to  have 
been  sent  from  Halmahera  to  Messrs.  Linden.  As 
it  is,  the  blunt  toothless  column,  the  broad  upper 
eepal  with  a  bristle  surpassing  it  in  length,  the  un- 
cinate petals  forbid  such  an  identification,  yet  the 
colour  of  the  lateral  sepals  is  so  uncommon  and  is 
so  near  to  that  of  Mr.  W.  Bull's  plant,  that  I 
regard  it  at  least  as  a  duty,  even  from  a  Yti^het  point 
de  vue,  to  allude  to  the  case. 

The  memorandum  about  the  plant  I  never  hoped 
to   recognise  was  of  course   placed   in   the  group 


I  may  add,  that  Mr.  Bull's  plant  is  much  stronger,  the 
leaves  lerger  and  distinctly  stalked,  as  in  the  most 
inferior  pseudobulb  iu  the  Liadenian  plate.  There 
were,  however,  not  four,  but  three  flowers  in  the 
inflorescence.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 


KEW   NOTES. 


Gladiolus  dracocephalu3  and  G.  Eckloni. — 
These  two  rare  species  of  Gladiolus  are  now  in 
flower  in  the  Cape-house  at  Kew.    They  were  pui- 


^^^^ 


^^M7\-:' 


■<*  -<  ^  ---^ 


Fig.  52. — steeptocakpus  watsokiX  :    flowers  rost-purpi.e.     (see  p.  214.) 


of  the  species  with  naked  petals  without  any  cilia;, 
whereas  Mr.  Bull's  plant  has  not  only  well  developed 
bristles  on  those  organs,  but  also  a  row  of  warts.  I 
do  not  speak  of  the  "  labellum  lineari  oblongum," 
nor  of  the  "  pseudobulbi  brevi,"  the  "  sepali  laterales 
in  lamina  connatum,"  "  petal!  falcati  purpurei."  It 
would  seem  that,  as  in  the  case  of  Catasetum  Bun- 
gerothi,  the  description  was  taken  from  a  sketch 
made  by  a  collector — a  practice  I  have  several  times 
energetically  refused  to  adopt,  as  it  is  sure  to  cause 
confusion,  and  garden  botany  is  difficult  and  vexatious 
enough  without  the  addition  of  superfluous  diflicultiee, 


chased  from  Mr.  K.  W.  Adlam,  of  Natal,  who  recently 
went  plant-collecting  ou  behalf  of  Kew  and  several 
other  establishments  interested  in  bulbous  plants. 
Both  species  came  under  one  label,  i.e.,  "  Gladiolus 
sp. :  flowers  white,  red,  and  yellow,  striped.  Trans- 
vaal, sandy  loam,  alt.  5500  feet."  G.  dracocephalus 
is  figured  in  Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5884,  from  a  plant  flowered 
in  August,  1871,  by  Wilson  Saunders  at  Reigate, 
and  collected  by  Mr.  Cooper  in  Natal.  It  has  leaves 
over  1  foot  long  by  2  inches  wide,  a  scape  2J  feet 
high,  bearing  six  to  eight  flowers,  each  of  which  is 
'3  inches  long  and  broad,  two-lipped^  the  thr«e  npper 


segments  forming  a  sort  of  hood  over  the  stamens  ; 
colour  yellowish,  with  numerous  purple-brown  streaks ; 
lips  bright  green,  with  a  few  spots  of  purple.  It  is 
not  a  gaudy  plant.  G.  Eckloni  is  a  common  Cape 
plant,  and  was  introduced  by  Saunders,  through  his 
collector.  Cooper,  about  1876.  It  is  figured  in  Bot. 
Mag.,  t.  6335.  Leaves  eusiform.  1  foot  long,  1  inch 
wide ;  scape,  2  feet  high,  erect,  bearing  about  twelve 
flowers,  each  1.^  inch  long,  rather  narrow,  segments 
recurved  at  the  tips  ;  colour  white,  with  a  brown-red 
line  down  the  middle  of  each  segment,  and  peppered 
all  over  with  brown  dots ;  there  is  a  faint  yellow  streak 
on  the  lower  half  of  each  of  the  four  lowermost  seg- 
ments. That  figured  in  Bot.  Mag.  is  richer  iu  colour, 
and  the  dots  are  much  larger  than  in  the  plant  at 
Kew,  which  we  should  call  var.  pallida.  Both  species 
are  growing  in  pots.   W. 

A  Giant  Aroid  (Cosophallus  titanum). 

The  development  of  this  gigantic  Aroid  at  Kew, 
from  a  tiny  seedling  in  1879  to  its  present  dimen- 
sions, is  watched  with  great  interest  by  those  who 
were  astonished  by  the  description  given  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  in  1878  by  Dr.  O.  Beccari,  its 
lucky  discoverer.  There  is  also  at  Kew  in  one  of  the 
museums  (No.  3)  a  life-size  drawing  of  the  plant  and 
another  of  its  inflorescence,  which  are  quite  as 
gigantic  in  their  proportions  as  stated  by  Dr. 
Beccari.  If  the  Kew  specimen  continues  to  thrive 
and  increase  as  it  has  done  hitherto,  we  may  hope 
in  a  year  or  two  to  see  this  vegetable  monster  fully 
developed. 

Last  year  an  illustration  of  the  Kew  plant 
was  given  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  (see  October, 
p.  432)  when  it  was  about  5  feet  high  and  had 
two-thirds  its  present  girth  of  stem.  The  history  of 
this  specimen  is  as  follows : — By  request  of  Dr. 
Beccari  a  seedling  raised  from  seeds  sent  by  him  to 
the  Florence  Botanical  Garden  w.as  forwarded  to 
Kew.  It  was  then  a  tiny  plant  in  a  3-inch  pot.  It 
has  made  a  leaf  annually  since  then,  and  for  the 
last  four  years  it  has  stood  during  the  summer 
over  the  large  tank  in  which  the  Victoria  regia  is 
grown.  Here  it  gets  plenty  of  moisture  and  light, 
with  a  bottom-heat  of  about  80°  all  the  season 
through.  In  October  the  leaf  decays  and  falls  off, 
and  the  tuber  is  then  placed  in  a  stove  under  the 
stage,  where  the  soil  is  kept  moist  till  the  beginning 
of  January.  The  tuber  is  then  thoroughly  washed 
and  allowed  to  stand  exposed  to  the  air  in  a  propa- 
gating pit  for  about  si.x  weeks.  It  is  repotted  in  a 
strong  loamy  soil,  and  plunged  in  a  hotbed  till  the 
Water  Lily  tank  is  ready,  when  it  is  removed  to  its 
former  position  there.  When  potted  this  ytar  the 
tuber  measured  3  feet  9  inches  in  circumference  and 
10  inches  in  depih,  its  shape  being  that  of  the  tuber 
of  the  well-known  Amorphnphallus  Rivieri.  It  was 
planted  in  a  pot  over  2  feet  in  diameter.  In  the 
first  week  in  June  the  new  leaf  showed  its  sheath 
through  the  soil,  and  from  this  the  growth  was  so 
rapid  that  by  the  end  of  July  the  leaf  was  of  the 
following  dimensions.  By  the  side  of  these  we  cite 
the  dimensions  of  the  full-sized  plant  as  given  by 
Dr.  Beccari : — 


1 

1. 

■3 

■s 

it 

•3 

i 

•3 

^ 

,2 -9 

'oH 

"3 

h 

3 

11 

Is 

3 

3 

ai 

a 

Ft.  In. 

Ft.  In. 

Ft.In.JFt.In. 

Ft. 

Ft.  In. 

Ft. 

Ft. 

Kew      plant. 

1887 

3    9 

6    6 

1  10  :  1    1 

28 

Plants  as  seen 

by  Dr.  Bec- 

cari 

5    0 

10    0 

3    0       ... 

46 

1    7 

3 

tf 

It  is  probable  that  next  year  will  be  the  critical 
one,  as  the  tuber  is  likely  to  reach  the  size  given  by 
Dr.  Beccari,  when  it  should  flower.  If  the  disagree- 
able odour  that  is  the  usual  accompaniment  to 
the  flowers  of  the  plants  of  this  section  of  the 
Aroid  family  is  in  proportion  to  the  exceptional 
size  of  the  plant,  we  may  expect  that  many  people 


21fi 


TEE     GABDENERS'     CEBONICLE. 


[August  20,  1887. 


will  think  the  flowers  best  when  seen  from  a  dis- 
tance. 

The  Kew  collection  of  tnberous  Aroids  is  rich  in 
species  just  now,  and  the  flowering  of  many  of  them 
this  year  has  been  noted  from  time  to  time  in  these 
pages.  Arisaimas,  Sauromatums,  Typhoniums,  An- 
chomanes,  Dracontiums,  and  Amorphophalluses,  have 
been  flowered  this  year.  Let  us  hope  that  next  year 
we  may  have  to  add  to  this  list  the  giant  of  the 
whole  order,  and  one  of  the  most  wonderful  plants 
Vnown,  viz.,  Conophallus,  or  Amorphophallus  tita- 
num.    }V. 


THE    POTATO    CROP    OF    1887. 

SCOTLAND. 

ABERDEENsniHE.  —  Potatos,  unless  where  early 
planted,  came  up  well,  and  have  done  well.  Early 
8)rls  now  in  use  are  a  good  crop,  and  of  excellent 
quality.  As  yet  no  appearace  of  disease.  John  Forest, 
Haddo  House. 

This   crop   in   almost  all  cases  is  looking 

very  promising.  The  field  crops,  without  exception, 
look  very  promising.  Early  garden  varieties  have 
not  withstood  the  heat  and  drought  well,  and  will,  I 
am  afraid,  be  small.  Sharp's  Victor  has  proved  to 
be  an  excellent  early  variety.  The  later  varieties 
look  very  promising.  James  F.  Smith,  Dimecht. 

KiNROss-suiRE. — This  crop  could  not  look  better. 
If  anything  garden  sorts  are  too  strong  in  the  haulm  ; 
kidneys  felt  the  want  of  rain  to  give  them  size,  but 
now  they  are  both  good  in  size  and  quality.  The 
crop  in  the  fields  without  exception  looks  well.  J. 
Fortune,  Blair  Adam  Gardens,  July  27. 

Midlothian. — Early  Potatos  have  been  a  fine 
crop,  and  of  excellent  quality.  Eield  Potatos  are 
growing  with  great  vigour,  and  promises  a  heavy  crop, 
if  the  weather  continues  favourable.  So  far  there  is 
no  sign  of  disease,  but  it  does  not  generally  break 
out  in  this  district  till  August.  Of  late  years  the 
attack  has  not  been  serious  on  good  Potato  land  ; 
aTid  the  plants  are  so  healthy  and  strong  this  sea- 
son, that  the  loss  is  not  likely  to  be  above  an  aver- 
age, probably  much  less.  Malcolm  Dunn,  Dalkeith 
(xaidcns. 

East  Lothiav. — Early  Potatos,  owing  to  the  great 
drouglit  we  liad  when  they  were  swelling  their  tubers, 
are  smaller  than  usual,  but  are  an  excellent  crop, 
and  very  clean  in  the  skin.  The  old  Ashleaf  kidney, 
Myalt's  and  Veitch's  kidneys,  which  we  have  been 
using,  are  good  in  quality.  The  second  earlies  will 
be  much  larger,  as  we  had  a  good  rain  just  in  time 
to  keep  the  tubers  swelling.  Field  Potatos  are 
looking  splendidly  all  about  this  neighbourhood.  I 
never  saw  them  looking  better.  Z.  Dow,  Newbyth, 
Prestonkirk. 

Stirlingshire. — Potatos  are  all  looking  well  on 
light  land,  but  where  the  soil  is  heavy  tliey  are  very 
weak,  and  do  not  look  as  if  they  would  do  much 
more  good ;  the  long  drought  told  very  severely  on 
them.  Garden  Potatos  are  excellent  in  quality,  and 
the  crop  about  an  average  one.  Those  which  have 
been  tested  are  Myatt's  Ashleaf  kidney.  Old  Ash- 
leif.  Mona's  Pride,  and  Sutton's  First  and  Best. 
J.  King,  Blair  Drummond. 

Dumfriesshire. — Early  Potatos  are  extra  good  in 
quality,  small  in  size,  but  an  average  crop  as  regards 
the  number  of  tubers,  only  I  should  be  afraid  that 
much  rain,  after  the  long  spell  of  dry  weather  we 
have  had,  may  cause  a  second  growth,  which  always 
deteriorates  the  quality.  Late  crops  look  as  well 
and  full  of  promise  as  ever  T  saw  them  in  this  dis- 
trict, although  a  much  longer  spell  of  the  dry  wejither 
may  jm'vent  them  swelling.  There  is  not  tlie  least 
signs  of  disease  as  yet.  Jas.  Smart,  Baehills, 
Lockerbie. 

ENGLAND.— NORTHERN  COXJNTIES. 
Northumberland. — Early  Potatos  are  small,  but 
good  in  quality,  with  no  signs  of  disease.  On  the 
farms  they  are  looking  exceedingly  well  on  deep 
soils,  showing  a  more  than  usual  luxuriance,  and  in 
some  cases  whrre  Ih'V  have  been   lifted  the  tubers 


are  found  to  be  numerous,  and  of  good  size.  The 
harvest  outlook  is  a  promising  one.  Oats  and 
Barley  are  the  crop  of  the  season  ;  quality  is  excep- 
tionally fine.  Turnips  which  were  sowm  early  are  in 
first-r.ate  order.  D.  Inglis,  Howick  Hall.  Lcsbury. 

Early    Potatos   small,    later    sorts    promise 

better.  I  have  not  heard  of  any  disease.  Duke  of 
Albany  is  highly  spoken  of  as  an  early  variety  in  the 
allotment  gardens,  which  are  numerous  here.  We 
have  had  a  very  dry  season.  Rainfall,  9"29  inches, 
as  compared  with  more  than  16  inches  at  this  time 
last  year.  We  had  1'75  inch  from  July  3  to  July  9. 
G.  Harris.  Alnwick  Gardens. 

Cumberland. — Early  Potatos  are  an  average  crop, 
and  are  good  in  quality.  In  the  fields  in  this  district 
the  late  or  main  crops  of  Potatos  look  very  pro- 
mising. I  have  not  seen  any  indication  of  the  blight 
on  either  haulm  or  tubers  up  to  the  present  time. 
J.  Hammond,  Drayton,  Carlisle. 

Westmoreland. — Owing  to  the  drought  early 
Potatos  are  very  small,  but  of  good  quality.  Late 
Potatos  are  looking  well.  We  have  had  a  few 
showers,  which  will  help  them.  I  hear  that  in  the 
high  districts  of  the  county  Potatos  were  touched 
with  frost  on  the  morning  of  July  6.  On  that  date 
we  registered  a  minimum  of  34°.  W.  A.  Miller, 
XJnderby,  Kirkby  Lonsdale. 

Durham. — Potatos  are  looking  very  healthy  and 
clean,  and  are  being  lifted  free  of  all  disease  ;  but 
owing  to  the  prolonged  drought  are  very  small. 
Field  Potatos  are  also  looking  well,  free  from  blight, 
and  flowering  more  than  usually,  owing,  no  doubt,  to 
the  extreme  dryness  of  the  season  some  of  ours  in 
the  garden  have  flowers  on  every  joint.  J.  Hunter 
Lamhion  Castle,  Fence  Houses. 

Yorkshire. — The  Potato  crop  is  sound  and  free 
from  disease,  but  the  plants  have  suffered  much  from 
the  long-continued  drought,  especially  on  soils  that 
are  light.  If  we  do  not  have  rain  soon,  the  crop 
will  be  a  light  one  and  the  tubers  yejy  small. 
Thomas  Jones,  Bibsfon  Hall  Gardens,  Netherby. 

Early  Potatos  are  a  light  crop  owing  to  the 

long  spell  of  dry  weather,  and  the  strong  limestone 
loam  in  the  district.  The  late  varieties  are  looking 
well,  and  are  much  benefited  by  the  showers  we 
have  recently  enjoyed.  No  signs  of  disease  in  the 
plants.   IK  Chiu:k,  Brodsworth  Hall,  Doncaster. 

Early  Potatos  have  suflfered  from  drought : 

nevertheless  they  are  numerous  at  the  root,  very  fine 
in  quality,  rather  small,  but  clean  and  perfectly  free 
from  disease  and  grub.  Second  earlies  and  late,  both 
in  garden  and  field,  were  never  known  to  look  better 
in  spite  of  the  long-continued  drought.  Autumn 
sown  Wheat  looks  remarkably  well  and  promises  a 
grand  yield  ;  Barley  and  Oats  on  well  cultivated 
lands  also  look  well  and  promising,  but  in  some 
instances  have  suffered  a  little  from  drought,  but 
not  seriously  so  in  this  locality.  Early  sown  Turnips 
look  fairly  well,  but  want  rain  ;  late  ones  are  not 
doing  so  well  in  consequence  of  drought.  James 
Tindall,  Sprotborouqh  Hall  Gardens,  Doncaster. 

The  Potato  crop  on  the  whole  as  yet  is  very 

light.  Owing  to  the  dry  weather  early  Potatos  are 
very  small,  and  the  late  sorts  are  suffering  very  much 
from  the  same  cause.  Unless  we  have  rain  shortly 
the  Potato  crop  in  this  district  must  be  a  failure.  I 
have  not  heard  of  any  disease  in  the  neighbourhood. 
William  Culverwell,  Thorpe  Perrow,  Bcdale. 

Lancashire. — Potatos  looked  remarkably  well  early 
in  June,  now  suffering  from  drought.  Early  ones  are 
small  and  few  in  number,  and  unless  we  have  rain 
soon  late  ones  will  be  in  still  worse  condition.  We 
have  had  only  a  few  showers  during  the  last  seven 
weeks.  A.  Jamicson,  Haigh  Hall,  Wigan,  July  25. 


MIDLAND  COUNTIES. 
Cheshire. — Owing  to  the  late  cold  spring  Potatos 
are  all  very  late  this  season,  those  usually  fit  for  use 
the  beginning  of  July  being  then  only  coming  into 
flower,  hut  the  plants  are  very  healthy,  with  an 
unusual  quantity  of  flowers,  showing  that  a  dry  hot 
summer  is  favourable  to  their  healthy  gi-owth.  The 
tubers  of  the  first  e.arlies  were  small,  the  later  sorts 
large,   and    the   crop  very    good,    with    no   sign    of 


disease  ;  but  as  yet  it  is  too  early  in  the  season  to 
give  an  opinion  as  to  the  disease  affecting  the  late  or 
field  crops.  At  present  they  are  looking  very  healthy, 
with  the  exception  of  some  on  very  light  sandy  land. 
\Y.  IVhitaker,  Crewe  Hall. 

Shropshire. — The  early  sorts  are  not  at  all  satis- 
factory this  year  ;  the  long-continued  dry  weather 
has  prematurely  ripened  the  tubers,  and  they  have 
neither  the  size  nor  the  quality  of  ordinary  years. 
Field  crops  look  very  promising,  notwithstanding  the 
dry  weather,  and  if  we  get  a  good  soaking  of  rain 
soon  are  likely  to  turn  out  a  full  average  crop. 
J.  Lottdon,  The  Quinta,  Chirk. 

Early  Potatos  in  this  district  were  quite  a 

fortnight  later  than  usual,  it  being  June  28  before 
we  lifted  our  first  early  varieties  outside,  and  last 
year  we  lifted  our  first  on  June  12.  Owing  to  the 
excessive  drought  of  the  past  six  weeks  the  tubers 
are  under  the  average  in  quantity ;  in  fact,  in  many 
of  the  cottage  gardens  in  the  district  they  are  scarcely 
worth  lifting.  Late  Potatos  also  stand  in  need  of 
rain,  as  on  all  thin  and  porous  soils  the  haulm  is 
dying  very  fast,  and  should  we  not  get  rain  soon  our 
prospect  for  a  good  Potato  crop  is  very  gloomy 
indeed.  R.  Milner,  Sundorn  Castle. 

Staffordshire. — The  Potato  crop  in  this  district 
will  be  very  light,  owing  to  the  late  cold  spring,  the 
haulm  coming  up  very  irregularly.  They  have  suf- 
fered very  much  from  drought.  In  some  places  in 
the  district,  on  light  sandy  land,  they  are  burnt  up, 
and  will  not  pay  for  the  labour  of  lifting.  Late 
kinds  look  better,  but  want  rain  very  much.  There 
are  no  signs  of  disease  at  present.  G.  Wythes,  Ted- 
desley  Park. 

Notts.— Early  Potatos  are  good  in  quality,  but  not 
extra  large.  Field  ones  look  very  promising,  being 
clean  and  healthy.  The  late  rain  will  keep  them 
growing,  as  a  little  longer  without  rain  on  them  would 
have  given  them  a  check.  A.  Henderson,  Thoreshy 
Gardens,  Ollerton. 

Potatos  in  this  locality,  both  early  and  late, 

looked  very  well,  but  the  long-continued  drought 
has  been  the  cause  of  many  varieties  being 
small.  Myatt's  Prolific,  Covent  Garden  Perfec- 
tion, Rivers'  Royal  Ashleaf,  and  Mona's  Pride,  are 
the  varieties  we  grow  for  early  use.  At  present 
I  have  seen  no  disease.  S.  A.  Wood,  Osberton  Gar- 
dens, Worksop. 

Warwickshire. — The  crop  is  better  than  might 
have  been  expected  considering  the  dry  weather 
which  has  prevailed.  Hitherto  this  has  not  been  a 
Potato  growing  district  but  Potato  culture  in  War- 
wickshire appears  to  be  entering  upon  an  entirely 
new  phase  from  the  fact  of  a  number  of  hard-working 
Scotch  farmers  settling  amongst  us,  driven  south- 
ward by  the  depressing  times  in  the  North.  These 
men  finding  the  land  "  virgin  "  so  far  as  Potato  cul- 
ture is  concerned,  have  planted  largely  and  gathered 
plentifully.  What  is  called  in  farming  parlance  a 
"dead  fallow" — i.e.,  land  lying  a  whole  year  without  a 
crop  undergoing  the  process  of  cleansing  for  a  seed 
bed  of  Wheat— is  by  these  Scotch  farmers  converted 
into  a  "  live  "  and  profitable  Potato  fallow.  We  are 
informed  that  English  farmers  on  adjoining  land,  see- 
ing the  advantage,  have  removed  the  cataract  pre- 
judice from  their  eyes,  and  are  also  adopting  the 
"  live  fallow  system  ;  "  nay,  more,  they  are  even  be- 
coming alive  to  the  absolute  necessity  of  a  deeper 
system  of  cultivation,  also  believed  in  and  practised 
by  these  Scotch  immigrants,  to  enable  the  soil  to 
better  absorb,  store,  or  retain  rain — Heaven's  free 
gift  to  man  ;  so  that  in  dry  seasons  like  this  there 
will  be  a  storage  of  moisture  in  a  prepared  body  of 
soil,  from  which  the  plant  can  assimilate,  root,  ramify, 
and  mature  with  vigour,  which  gift  of  rain  was,  by 
the  old  rigidly  adhered  to  system,  of  ridge  and 
furrow,  hurried  off  to  the  nearest  ditch,  carrying 
with  it,  on  its  downward  career,  most  of  the  ma- 
nurial  nitrogen  which  both  rain  and  the  farmyard 
had  placed  on  the  land.  W.  Miller,  Coombe  Abbey 
Gardens. 

Northamptonshire. — Having  had  only  a  quarter  of 
an  inch  of  rain  since  June  3,  the  early  Potatos  are  very 
small  ;  later  crops  look  well  at  present,  but  if  wi'  do 


Adqdst  20,  1887.] 


TEE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


in 


-not  soon  get  rain  I  am  afraid  the  ci'op  will  be  very 
light.   G.  Goldsmith,  Floore  Gardens, 

Bedfordshiiie. — The  early  Potatos  are  very  small, 
-and  should  rain  now  come  they  would  derive  very 
little  benefit  from  it,  the  tubers  being  all  but 
matured.  Late  I'otatos,  however,  look  better,  and 
only  require  a  good  fall  of  rain  to  insure  an  excellent 
yield  ;  should  this,  however,  be  much  longer  delayed 
the  tubers  will  be  very  small.  }F.  ^f,  Baillic,  LxUon 
Hoo. 

Great  complaints  everywhere  as  to  yield  in 

size  and  quantity.  On  light  soils  early  kinds  are 
dried  up,  witli  scarcely  any  produce  on  heavy  land. 
Although  the  tops  look  healthy  and  strong,  there  is 
no  weight  at  the  root.  Disease  is  showing  itself  in 
the  foliage  in  some  places,  and  reports  of  "  growing 
again "  are  on  the  increase.  A.  McKay,  Wobiirn 
Abbey. 

Bucks. — In  the  valleys  hereabout  and  other  moist 
places  these  look  remarkably  well  and  early  crops 
are  fairly  good  but  somewhat  smaller  in  size  than 
usual.  On  the  hill  sides  and  in  gravelly  and  sandy 
soils  they  are  suffering  very  much  from  the  drought, 
and  the  crops  will  unquestionably  be  very  light  and 
small  in  size.  No  indication  of  the  appearance  of 
;any  disease  whatever.  G.  T,  Miles,  Wycombe  Abbey 
Gardens. 

Early  varieties  are  very  small,  but  free  from 

•disease — best  earlies,  Veitch's  Early  Ashleaf,  Beauty 
■of  Hebron,  and  !Myatt"s  Old  Ashleaf.  Late  varieties 
looking  very  promising,  but  much  in  need  of  rain. 
M.  P.  Ross  promises  to  be  a  good  main  crop  variety. 
tT.  Smith,  Mcntmorc. 

Early  Potatos  are  good,  although  very  small, 

and  no  appearance  of  disease  has  yet  been  seen  either 
in  haulm  or  tubei.  Late  varieties  look  well,  but 
unless  we  soon  get  a  soaking  rain  the  produce  will 
be  ver}'  small.  Here  we  have  experienced  nearly 
two  months  of  continued  drought,  having  escaped  the 
showers  that  have  fallen  in  various  parts  of  the 
country — a  refreshing  shower  yesterday  morning 
(25th)  excepted.   C.  Hcrrin,  Dropm/)re. 

Herts.  —  Potatos  very  good,  but  undersized. 
Snowdrop  kidney  with  me  is  best  this  season,  both  in 
frames  and  outside.  Veitch's  Ashleaf  kidnev  is 
sound,  but  small.  The  haulra  of  the  late  sorts 
looks  fresh,  and  promises  well  for  a  good  crop  of 
tubers.  I  have  not  seen  any  disease.  J.  F'Ut,  Cassio- 
bury  Park. 

All  early  varieties  have  ripened  off  prema- 

tm-ely.  What  we  have  lifted  ourselves  the  tubers 
run  very  small,  and  about  one-fifth  of  a  crop.  Late 
crops  are  looking  and  holding  out  fairly  well  through 
the  drought.  Field  crops,  especially  on  the  light 
soils,  are  showing  signs  of  distress,  and  if  rain  does 
not  come  presently,  the  crops  are  likely  to  run  very 
light.  J.  Kipling,  Kiiebworih. 


weeks  without  rain,  which  means  poor  crops.  The 
season  has  been  most  trying  for  all  kinds  of  fruit 
and  vegetables.  C.  Penny,  Sandringham. 

Suffolk. — Want  of  rain  is  telling  seriously  on  the 
Potato  crop  in  this  district,  and  the  yield,  unless  we 
get  wet  soon,  must  be  small,  as  the  tubers  of  late 
kinds  are  just  forming,  and  require  moisture  at  once 
to  enable  them  to  swell  before  the  skins  become  set. 
Early  kinds  have  bten  very  small,  and,  owing  to  the 
check  received,  not  of  good  quality.  J,  Sheppard, 
JVoolverstonc  Park. 

All  the  early  kinds  are  very  small,  but  of 

good  quality.  The  late  ones  will,  I  hope,  be  better 
than  at  one  time  we  could  expect  them  to  be.  The 
fine  rains  we  have  had  have  greatly  improved  their 
prospects.  Up  to  this  date  I  have  not  seen  or  heard 
of  any  disease.  J.  Mill,  Rcndlcsham  Hall. 

Essex. — Potatos  are  certainly  poor  in  this  district. 
We  are  now  digging  Myatfs  after  the  Old  Ashleaf, 
They  are  very  small  indeed,  the  quality  is  not  good, 
and  many  of  them  are  growing  again  (not  super- 
tuberating,  but  shooting  out  from  the  eyes).  In 
gardens  where  the  ground  is  light  and  poor,  the  late 
varieties  are  quite  a  failure.  Our  gi'ound  is  deeply 
worked  and  well  manured,  so  that  the  haulm  so  far 
stands  up  bravely.  They  want  rain  badly.  J,  Douglas, 
Ilford. 

Beauty  of  Hebron  and  Early  Kose,  which  are 

doing  well,  are  being  dug,  and  sell  readily  for  £7  to 
£8  per  ton ;  JIagnum  Bonum,  already  "  growing 
out,"'  occasioned  by  occasional  slight  thunder  showers 
following  the  long  ])eriod  of  drought.  The  Potato 
crop  generally  will  be  a  light  one  in  any  case,  and 
the  quality  poor.  W.  Earlcy,  Double  Hoicse,  Aldborouqh 
Hatch. 


EASTERN   COUNTIES. 

Lincolnshire. — The  Potato  crop  will  be  very 
various,  according  to  soil,  situation,  and  early  varie- 
ties. The  tubers  are  very  small,  but  clean  and 
good ;  late  varieties  are  at  a  standstill  through 
drought,  and  if  we  have  rain  we  may  expect  a  second 
growth,  which  will  not  improve  the  quality.  In 
most  low-lying  lands  the  crops  are  better,  and  still 
Rowing.  D.  Luinsden,  Bloxholm  Hall  Gardens. 

The  Potato  crops,  which  are  extensively  grown 

in  this  neighbourhood,  are  turning  out  better  than 
might  be  expected,  and  unusually  covered  with  bloom. 
I  do  not  remember  so  ranch  since  1868.  All  that  is 
■wanted  is  rain,  for  the  ground  is  very  parched.  The 
Potato  crop  will  be  one  of  the  finest  we  have  had  for 
years.  G.  B.  Tillyard,  Brockle^by  Park. 

Norfolk. — No  signs  of  any  disease,  but  in  some 
places  the  tubers  are  not  worth  taking  up,  being  so 
very  small.  The  tubers  are  very  good  in  qualitv, 
but  are  small.  I  am  afraid  the  crop  in  general  is 
too  far  gone  to  be  much  benefited  should  rainy 
weather  set  in — the  late  varieties  would  be  spoiled 
by  a  second  growth  in  that  event.  J.  Forder,  Hilling- 
ton  Hall. 

Our  early  crop  a  failure  for  want  of  rain. 

The  late  varieties  look  well,  but  we  have  been  ten 


SOUTHERN   COUNTIES. 

Middlesex. — All  early  Potatos  are  unusually  small, 
the  tops  being'short,  and  tlie  tubers  late  in  forming. 
The  chief  early  kinds  in  this  market-growing  district 
are  Beauty  of  Hebron  and  Early  Rose,  the  former 
having  the  greater  preference,  Ashleafs  are  little 
grown  now,  and  in  such  a  season  as  the  present  in 
fields  it  will  be  very  difficult  to  find  a  seed-stock 
resulting.  Some  Early  Regents  ai'e  also  grown,  but 
the  tops  are  very  short.  Generally  the  tuber- 
produce  is  not  more  than  half  an  average  yet. 
Later  kinds,  such  as  White  Elephants,  Magnums, 
Chancellors,  Champions,  &c.,  look  very  well  yet,  but 
can  only  be  induced  to  give  a  profitable  lot  of  tubers 
by  a  heavy  soaking  rain  ;  the  soil  about  the  roots  is 
unusually  dry.  We  have  had  no  rain  for  six  weeks, 
and,  during  that  time  unusual  burning  heat, 
which  has  robbed  the  soil  of  moisture  far  more 
rapidly  than  the  plants  have.  On  the  whole,  the 
prospect  of  the  Potato  crop  at  present  is  that  it  will 
be  a  very  moderate  one,  unless  rain  soon  interposes. 
A.  D.,  Bedfont. 

The  general  complaint  in  this  district  is  that 

there  are  plenty  of  Potatos,  but  that  the  tubers  are 
small.  The  late  ones  are  looking  well,  but  will  soon 
show  signs  of  requiring  moisture  at  the  roots.  The 
haulm  flags  much  in  the  day  time,  owing  to  the 
parched  condition  of  the  ground.  G.  Hnasman,  The 
Grove,  Stantnorc. 

Kent. — The  crop  of  early  Potatos  is  very  small, 
owing  to  the  seven  weeks*  drought,  and  I  fear  late 
kinds  will  be  anything  but  good  in  quality  or 
quantity,  for  the  tubers  must  ripen  prematurely,  and 
after  getting  rains  must  grow  out.  The  sorts  for 
general  use  that  we  have  are  Beauty  of  Hebron  and 
Magnum  Bonum,  the  soil  being  very  suitable  for 
them.  F.  Moore,  Blcndon  Hall. 

Potato  crop  in  this  neighbourhood  will  pro- 
bably be  of  good  quality  but  light.  The  long-con- 
tinued drought  has  checked  development  of  tuber, 
and  in  some  instances,  especially  in  cottage  gardens, 
the  haulm  is  almost  dried  up.  On  deeply  tilled  gi'ound 
the  appearance  is  fairly  promising.  Potato  disease 
not  reported  up  to  present  date.  These  observations 
apply  only  to  immediate  neighbom-hood  so  far  as  I 
know.   G.  A,  Don,  Bcdgehury  Park. 

Early  sorts  good,  and  fair  crop,  but   some 

Veitch'a  Improved  Ashleaf  and  International  kidneys 


are  the  best ;  late  sorts  are  looking  well,  but  want 
rain  very  much.  F.  Deiixbcrry,  Cohham  Hall. 

Early  Potatos  are  very  small ;  late  Potatos 

have  looked  well  all  through,  the  slight  showers 
lately  having  kept  them  growing,  but  were  hardly 
sufticient  in  quantity  to  swell  the  tubers  much. 
Wm.  Craik,  Hoihficld  Place. 

Surrey. — Potatos  on  the  whole  look  remarkably 
well,  and  are  free  so  far  from  disease,  although  small 
on  account  of  the  drought.  Early  rains  will  greatly 
improve  the  late  varieties,  but  the  early  ones  are 
ripening  off  fast.  J.  Tanner,  Tanridge  Court. 

The  crop  in  this  district  is  very  late.    We 

have  not  lifted  any  kidneys  for  seed  yet,  only  for  pre- 
sent table  use.  The  tubers  are  rather  under  size,  but 
of  excellent  flavour.  On  the  hills  the  haulm  is  quite 
burnt  up,  and  the  tubers  are  prematurely  ripened. 
Field  crops  on  retentive  soils  are  looking  very  pro- 
mising, and  no  disease  to  be  seen  in  haulm  or  tuber. 
The  varieties  that  are  grown  most  in  this  locality  for 
general  purposes  are  Veitchs  Ashleaf,  Beauty  of 
Hebron  (most  prolific),  Magnum  Bonum,  Welford 
Park,  Miss  Fowler,  Chiswick  Favourite,  M.P., 
Schoolmaster,  Scotch  Champion,  Vicar  of  Laleham, 
and  Yorkshire  Hero.  A.  Evans,  Lythe  Hill. 

Sussex. — Potatos  are  with  us  very  good,  but  I  hear 
on  all  sides  complaints  of  poor  crops.  Kidneys  are 
very  clean,  and  of  nice  size.  I  am  now  getting  up 
splendid  samples  of  M.P.  and  Miss  Fowler ;  the 
former  is,  in  my  opinion,  the  best  early  round  Potato 
we  have.  Late  Potatos  look  quite  exhausted  for  the 
want  of  moisture.  From  my  notes  I  find  we  are 
three  weeks  behind  the  season  of  last  year,  but  may 
yet  get  a  favourable  autumn.  H.  R.  Holmes,  The 
Gardens,  Ashbiirnham  Place. 

Hants. — First  and  second  early  sorts  have  never 
been  better,  but  later  kinds  are  suffering  seriously 
for  want  of  rain.  I  have  lifted  a  few  roots  of  several 
of  the  later  sorts,  and  some  have  scarcely  formed  a 
tuber  at  all.  and  others  that  have  are  growing  out, 
which  means  injury  from  supertuberation  as  soon  as 
the  soil  gets  moist.  All  vegetable  crops  are  good 
W.  Wildsmith,  Heckficld  Gardens. 

The  early  kinds  are  eight  to  ten  days  later 

this  year  than  usual.  We  have  a  good  crop,  good 
size  and  good  quality,  and  quite  free  from  disease. 
The  early  kinds  are  ripe  and  ready  to  take  up, 
but  I  hear  on  light  sandy  soils  the  early  kinds  are 
very  small  tubers,  and  poor  crop ;  all  the  late 
kinds  look  well,  but  want  rain  badly,  or  they  will  be 
very  small  on  light  eoils ;  but  all  are  free  from  disease 
at  the  present  time.   W.  Smytke,  Basing  Park. 

Early  Potatos  were  a  fortnight  later  here  this 

year  than  in  past  seasons  owing  to  the  sunless  spring : 
these  and  second  earlies  also  are  'plentiful  in  crop, 
excellent  in  quality,  but  the  tubers  are  small,  owing 
to  long-continued  dry  weather,  only  016  of  rain 
falling  in  five  weeks,  this,  accompanied  with  drying 
north  and  east  winds,  has  made  the  soil  very  dry  to  a 
considerable  depth.  Late  Potatos  look  well  generally, 
and  if  rain  comes  soon  the  crop  will  yet  be  saved.  E. 
Molyncitx,  Sivanniore. 

Berks. — Early  sorts  are  quite  ripe  and  very  small  ; 
mid-season  varieties  will  make  a  second  growth 
when  the  rain  comes.  Late  crops  have  not  appeared 
to  suffer  severely  as  yet,  and  no  affected  tubers  have 
been  found;  but  the  disease  is  likely  to  develope  rapidly 
should  rainy  weather  set  in.  J.  Rose,  Lockingc  Park. 

Potatos   are   still   looking  remarkably  well 

with  us,  but  on  light  thin  soil  they  are  ripening  ofi" 
fast,  and  will  be  very  small.  We  have  found  a  few 
near  the  surface  commencing  to  supertuberate, 
but  the  majority  of  the  earlier  sorts  are  excellent. 
Among  the  newer  varieties,  I  have  been  especially 
pleased  with  Sutton's  Seedling,  and  Midsummer 
Kidney,  Beauty  of  Hebron,  too,  being  most  use- 
ful. Unless  we  get  a  good  rain  soon  late  sorts 
will  be  very  small.  JK  Pope,  Highclere  Castle, 
Xewbui'i/. 

The  Potato  crops  are  fairly  good  ;  our  early 

ones  have  been  a  fine  large  crop — nice  clean  tuber?, 
and  excellent  in  flavour.  Middle  and  late  ones 
looked  well  up  to  last  week,  but  now  are  showing 
signs  of  distress  for  want  of  rain.  I  fear  the  tubera 
on  the  whole  will  be  very  small,  J.  Tegg,  Bearwood^ 


218 


THE     GARDENEES'     CHRONICLE. 


[AcGusT  20,  1887. 


Wilts. — Early  varieties,  though  the  tubers  are 
-«mall,  are  of  excellent  quality,  being  firm  and 
floury.  Late  varieties,  except  in  heavy  soils,  are, 
in  consequence  of  the  continaed  dry  and  hot  weather, 
giving  out ;  therefore,  should  sufficient  rain  come  to 
thoroughly  moisten  the  soil  about  the  tubers,  they 
are  liltely  to  grow  out.  The  American  Early  Rose 
does  well  in  this  district,  being  very  productive,  the 
tubers  large,  and  of  fine  qu.ality,  as  also  does  School- 
master, Vicar  of  Laleham,  Reading  Russet,  and 
Champion,  round  varieties  ;  and  of  the  kidneys,  the 
Old  Aslileaf,  Mvatt's  Prolific,  and  Woodstock  find 
most  favour.  There  is  as  yet  no  appearance  of 
disease  in  the  tubers,  but  in  the  event  of  twenty-four 
hours'  steady  rain  coming,  and  which  is  much  needed, 
disease  may  be  looked  for.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle. 

Early  Potatos   in  this  part  are  small,   but 

quite  free  from  disease ;  on  open  quarters,  where  the 
ground  is  deep  and  ricli,  they  are  much  better,  the 
dry  weather  not  affecting  them  so  much.  Late  kinds 
look  well  generally,  and  particularly  so  the  varieties 
Magnum  Bonum  and  Reading  Hero  ;  these  reliable 
kinds  will,  I  think,  fully  maintain  their  reputation  at 
digging  time.   W,  Nash,  Badminton, 


Should  rain  soon  fall  we  may  yet  hope  for  a  fair  re- 
turn from  them.   W.  Child,  Croom  Court,  Secern  Stoke. 

The  early  varieties  have  suft"ered  from  the 

want  of  rain,  but  we  are  digging  excellent  samples  of 
Gloucester  Kidneys  and  Myatt's  Ashleaf.  With  deep 
cultivation  and  the  liberal  use  of  leaf-soil  as  a 
manure,  the  crop  witli  us  will  stand  a  long  period  of 
drought  without  any  serious  effects  ;  late  varieties, 
such  as  Magnum  Bonum  and  Wormleighton  Seedling, 
are  making  rapid  growth,  the  hot  weather  does  not 
seem  to  liave  the  least  eff'ect  on  them,  not  even 
causing  them  to  fiag.  For  miles  around  this  district 
late  Potatos  in  the  fields  are  in  the  best  of  health, 
and  with  a  few  showers  of  rain  would  bring  the  pro- 
mise of  a  heavy  crop  of  tubers  to  perfection.  E.  Ward, 
Hewell  Grange,  Brom.^grove. 

Herefordshire. — Early  and  second  early  sorts  are 
much  under  average  size,  but  they  are  bright  and 
clean  in  appearance,  and  entirely  free  from  disease. 
The  cooking  quality  is  all  that  can  be  desired.  Late 
sorts  under  field  culture  that  were  got  in  previous 
to  the  end  of  April  look  well,  and  up  to  date  there 


WESTERN   COUNTIES. 

T)evon. — Potatos  have  no  trace  of  disease,  but  the 
tubers  are  very  much  under  size,  and  the  season  so 
far  advanced  for  tliem  that  I  expect  they  will  be  very 
disappointing  both  in  crop  and  quality.  Some  sorts 
are  already  growing  out,  due  probably  to  the  tropical 
heat  they  have  borne  and  the  almost  entire  absence 
of  rain.  The  month  of  June  was  wholly  without  rain  ; 
the  total  rain  here  (Exeter)  from  the  commencement 
of  the  year  to  middle  of  July  was  under  9  inches, 
and  at  no  time  in  sufficient  quantity  to  moisten  the 
ground  beyond  a  very  few  inches  in  depth.  James 
Enstonc,  Wear,  Exeter, 

Early  Potatos  turn  out  well,  second  earlies 

^re  small,  and  late  ones  are  at  a  standstill.  Should 
we  get  rain  now  I  fear  the  late  varieties  would  grow 
out.  The  field  Potatos  are  poor  in  the  extreme ; 
we  have  had  very  little  rain  since  they  were  planted. 
M.P.  and  Vicar  of  Laleham  are  two  of  the  best  crop- 
pers on  these  hills.  G.  Baker,  Memfiland,  Plymouth. 

Cornwall. — The  sorts  of  Potatos  that  I  have 
tested  up  to  the  present  period  —  viz.,  Sharp's 
Victor.  Rivers'  Royal  Ashleaf,  Moua's  Pride,  Snow- 
drop, Early  Giant  King,  Cosmopolitan,  and  Wood- 
stock Kidney — are  a  full  average  crop ;  the  two 
latter  second  earlies  are  favourites  here,  being  robust 
growers,  good  croppers,  and  fine  in  quality.  This 
.extraordinarily  hot  and  dry  season  is  favourable  for 
them  in  our  rather  heavy  loam.  Later  sorts,  both  in 
garden  and  field,  are  looking  well :  not  a  spot  of 
'disease  at  present.  C.  Lee,  Boeonnoc,  Lostivithicl. 

Somersetshire.  —  Potatos  came  up  evenly  and 
strongly,  and  the  early  crops  have  yielded  fairly 
good  crops.  Only  a  few  diseased  tubers  found. 
Later  sorts  still  want  a  soaking  rain  sadly.  Many 
;are  growing  out  or  supertuberating,  and  I  am  afraid 
ithe  crops  will  be  of  mixed  quality.  Sutton's  Seed- 
Hing  is  remarkably  good,  and  ou  tlie  whole  turns  out 
better  than  any  other  sort  lifted.  W.  Igguldcn, 
Marslon  Court  Gardens. 

GLOncESTEKSHiRE. — The  earliest  Potatos  were  very 
small,  but  seconds  were  good  ;  at  present  there  is  no 
sign  of  disease.  The  late  crops,  such  as  Magnum 
Bonum,  Scottish  Champion,  and  Beauty  of  Hebron, 
are  looking  well,  the  latter  especially  so,  as  the  quan- 
tity of  haulm  made  protected  them  from  drought. 
Beauty  of  Hebron  last  year  was  a  very  heavy  crop, 
and  when  kept  till  Christmas  proved  itself  to  be  one 
of  the  best  late  Potatos  grown.  A.  Chap,nan,  Weston 
Birt  Gardens. 

Worcestershire. — With  the  continued  drought 
'the  Potato  crop  looks  most  unsatisfactory ;  all  the 
earlies  are  very  much  undersized,  and  the  second 
earlies  although  looking  well,  have  during  the  past 
week  drooped  very  much.  As  to  the  late  varieties, 
-all  without  exception  look  extremely  healthy  and 
■well,   but  there   can  be   but   little  tuber  to   them. 


out  clean  and  excellent  in  quality.  W.  Gray,  Wood- 
stock. 

Down. — Early  Potatos  have  turned  out  very  small, 
having  only  had  one  shower  of  rain  since  they  were 
planted  ;  late  sorts  are  very  promising,  and  there  are 
as  yet  no  signs  of  the  disease.  J.  Taylor,  Mount 
Stewart. 

Arsiagh. — Potato  crops  are  looking  well,  and  have 
improved  greatly  since  the  slight  fall  of  rain  we  had 
early  in  July.  Some  of  the  early  Ashleaf  which 
were  ripening  before  it  came  are,  I  observe,  super- 
tuberating. Rain  is  badly  wanted  for  all  crops.  T. 
Shcastty,  Castle  Dillon. 


CHANNEL  ISLANDS. 
GcERNSEY. — The  Potato  crop  has  been  fair — in 
some  places,  indeed,  heavy;  but  we  think  this  has 
been  the  exception.  The  excessive  dry  weather  has 
quite  overdone  the  benefit  which  the  Potato  crop 
enjoys  under  an  ordinary  dry  season.  Prices  have 
ruled  good,  so  that  probably  an  increased  culture  will 


Fig.  53. — flo\ver  of  agave  glaucescens.     (see  p.  'JIO.) 


is  not  a  vestige  of  spot  or  curl  visible  anywhere. 
W,  Rowljree,  The  Gardeius,  Garnons. 


WALES. 

DENniOHSHiBE. — The  crops  are  so  far  prolific  and 
very  healthy,  but  late  and  small.  They  were  long 
in  starting  into  growth  after  planting.  P.  Mtddletuii, 
Wgnnstay  Gardens,  Rimhon. 

Carsiakthesshire. — The  garden  Potatos  we  have 
been  using  are  Rivers'  Royal  Ashleaf,  and  the  true 
Short-top  Ashleaf,  which  have  proved  a  fine  crop,  of 
excellent  quality.  All  the  other  varieties  at  present 
promise  well,  there  being  also  no  appearance  of 
disease.  The  field  Potatos  are  very  luxuriant  in 
haulm  and  promising;  in  fact,  they  look  as  well  as 
ever  I  have  seen  them  at  this  time  of  year.  L.  Boweii, 
Fjlwinsford.  July  2(i. 


IRELAND. 

Kilkenny. — In  this  district  the  field  Potato  crop 
is  very  promising,  not  having  suff'ered  to  the  same 
extent  from  the  excessive  drought  as  most  otiier 
crops  have  done  ;  early  sorts  in  gardens  are  tui'uing 


develope  here  next  season.  Of  late  years  the  trade 
has  not  been  so  warmly  followed  here  as  in  Jersey. 
C.  Smith  ij-  Son,  Caledonia  Xursery,  St.  Peter's  Port. 

Jersey.  —A  large  area  has  been  devoted  to  Potato 
culture  this  season,  and  the  result  has  proved  satis- 
factory. The  lightness  of  the  crops  (1  cwt.  to  the 
perch  of  16  feet)  all  counted  and  weighed,  has  been 
counterbalanced  by  the  good  prices,  commencing  at 
10s.,  and  ending  at  5s.  per  cwt. — some  fine  samples  of 
early  flukes  realising  higher  prices,  owing  to  their 
fine  size  and  good  appearance.  Much  discussion 
takes  place  as  to  names  and  varieties,  but  seasons 
evidently  determine  the  quality.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  returns  to  the  island  for  this  crop  only  will 
amount  to  half  a  million  sterling  this  season.  Well 
done  ! — 12  miles  by  5  =  60  miles,  to  divide  this 
amount,  looks  like  prosperity! — "striking  ile,"  as  the 
Yanks  say.  C.  B.  Saunders,  'St.  Saviours. 

Scilly  Isles. — Our  early  crop  was  under  average, 
and  prices  ruled  low  in  the  markets  by  reason  of  the 
cold,  backward  spring.  Late  and  winter  crops  will 
be  small,  the  ground  being  very  dry.  We  are  8  inches 
below  our  usual  average  of  rainfall  for  the  present 
year,  no  rain  of  any  consequence  having  fallen  since 
the  middle  cf  last  Januaiy  !  G.  D.  Vallance,  Tresco 
Abbey. 


AcGcsT  20,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


213 


THE    GRANGE,    CO.    LIMERICK. 

SiTnATED  nine  miles  from  Limericl;,  close  to  the 
old  coach  road  from  Limerick  to  Cork,  stands  the 
imposing  residence  of  Captain  E.  Croker.  The 
mansion,  which  is  approached  by  a  short  drive  from 
the  main  road,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  Carnage,  famous  for  its  salmon  ; 
but  as  our  visit  was  chiefly  to  see  the  specimen 
plants  that  have  for  so  many  years  held  the  post  of 
iionour  against  all  comers  at  the  Limerick  shows,  we 
proceeded  by  a  winding  path  to  the  garden,  or  rather 
gardens,  for  there  are  three  of  them.  The  first  on 
■entering  is  the  flower  garden,  which  is  chiefly  com- 
posed of  Pelargoniums  of  various  kinds,  some 
splendid  beds  of  Begonias,  Asters,  Iresines,  and,  what 
greatly  pleased  us,  two  beds  of  Clematis  Jackmanni, 
perfectly  trained  about  2  feet  from  the  ground.  At 
the  north  end  of  this  garden  is  a  range  of  houses, 
consisting  of  a  conservatory,  stove,  and  vinery.  In 
the  conservator)'  was  a  well-grown  collection  of  Tree 
Ferns,  Oranges,  Fuchsias,  Tuberoses,  Carnations, 
-Celosias,  Begonias,  and  Vallotas,  while  the  entire 
structure  is  draped  with  Bignonia  Chirire,  Tecoma 
Eose  de  Flora,  Tacsonia  Volxeraii,  and  Roses.  The 
vinery,  with  the  e-^ception  of  one  Vine  of  Buck- 
land  Sweetwater,  is  planted  with  Black  Ham- 
burgh, all  of  which  are  carrj'ing  a  heavy  crop  of 
medium-sized  bunches.  The  back  wall  is  covered 
•with  a  large  plant  of  Bignonia  grandiflora  flowering 
profusely,  the  border  being  outside.  The  centre  of 
the  house  contains  a  miscellaneous  collection  of 
plants  ;  on  a  stage  along  the  front  of  the  house  are 
some  nice  plants  of  Odontoglossura  Alexandras, 
Cypripediums,  and  Lycaste  Skinneri ;  one  piece  of 
the  latter  imported  three  years  ago  has  each  year 
produced  two  flowers  on  each  spike,  one  spike  of 
which  is  now  carrying  two  large  seed-pods  almost 
attained  maturity.  We  ne.\t  entered  the  stove, 
where  we  discover  the  objects  of  our  search.  The 
first  to  attract  attention  are  some  grand  plants  of 
Eucharis  amazonica,  many  of  them  4  feet  through, 
■with  foliage  of  a  substance  that  it  has  seldom  been 
my  pleasure  to  behold.  Some  grand  examples  of  AUa- 
mandas,  liondeletia  speciosa,  BougainviUea  glabra, 
Anthuriums,  Asparagus  plumosus,  and  a  varied  col- 
lection of  small  stuff  for  decorative  purposes  ;  at  the 
further  end  are  the  specimen  Ferns,  consisting  of 
Davallia  Mooreana,  measuring  12  feet  through  ;  two 
.plants  each  of  Adiantum  gracillimum  and  A.  Far- 
leyense,  of  4  feet  in  diameter;  A.  tinctum,  5  feet; 
A.  concinnnm  latum,  8  feet ;  and  ajfine  example  of 
Gymnogramma  chrysophylla.  Amongst  the  Ferns 
are  arranged  some  good  plants  of  Cattleya  crispa, 
one  spike  of  which  we  noticed  that  had  a  double 
flower,  while  the  others  were  all  single  ;  a  second 
spike  was  also  commencing  to  open  in  the  same 
sheath — is  this  a  usual  occurrence  ?  One  plant  of 
Oncidium  flexuosum  had  twenty-four  spikes.  The 
front  stage  was  devoted  entirely  to  Orchids,  em- 
bracing good  specimens  of  Vanda  teres,  Aerides 
affine,  Dendrobium  nobile,  and  a  host  of  others  too 
numerous  to  mention,  all  looking  the  pink  of  health 
and  cleanliness.  Suspended  from  the  roof  are  some 
good  plants  of  Stanhopea,  one  having  eleven  spikes, 
with  sixty-five  flowers  on  them. 

Passing  from  the  stove  into  the  second  garden  we 
enter  a  Peach-house  S^  feet  long,  the  trees  bearing  an 
enormously  heavy  crop,  comprising  such  varieties 
as  Barrington,  Royal  George,  and  other  old  kinds. 
Leaving  here  we  pass  into  the  third  garden  where 
the  early  vineries,  pits,  and  frames  are  situated. 
One  vinery  is  planted  with  Black  Hamburghs  ;  the 
Vines  are  thirty  years  of  age,  and  until  three  years 
ago  were  in  what  is  now  the  stove.  It  was  deemed 
advisable  to  take  them  from  that  house,  so  by  way 
of  an  experiment  Mr.  Wilmot  prepared  a  border  and 
planted  them  in  the  house  they  now  occupy.  They 
are  pruned  on  the  long  spur  system,  and  are  carrying 
— as  we  were  informed  they  have  done  each  year 
since  their  removal — a  good  crop  of  fruit.  The 
other  vinery  is  planted  with  Buckland  Sweetwater. 
The  pits  are  filled  with  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  and 
Melons.  In  passing,  I  may  say  that  1  have  never 
before  obsei-ved  so  heavy  a  crop  of  Melons.  Nine 
plants   were   carrying   fifteen  fruits   each,  many  of 


which  would  weigh  3  lb,  each — the  variety  was  Hero 
of  Lockinge.  The  frames  were  well  filled  with  Roses, 
Primulas,  and  other  useful  plants  for  winter  flower- 
ing. A  collection  of  130  of  the  leading  varieties  of 
Chrysanthemums  are  grown. 

The  kitchen  garden  crops  were — considering  the 
dry  weather  we  have  liad — looking  very  well.  Mr. 
Wilmot  informed  me  that  Strawberries  of  all  kinds 
have  been  a  failure  this  year.  Raspberries  and 
Currants  of  all  kinds  have  been  very  good. 
Pears,  Ap])les,  and  Plums  are  very  abundant.  I 
must  not  omit  mentioning  that  the  grounds  contain 
some  splendid  specimen  Beech  trees.  The  owner 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  the  gardens,  over  which 
his  gardener,  Mr.  Wilmot,  has  presided  for  so  many 
years  with  marked  ability.  Richard  Welkr,  The 
Gardois,  Glen^tal  Castle. 


ARCHIBALD    FOWLER. 

It  is  with  great  concern  tliat  we  have  to  announce 
the  death  of  this  well-known  gardener.  Fowler  of 
Castle  Kennedy  was,  indeed,  a  name  held  in  general 


repute  among  gardeners  all  over  the  kingdom.  It 
appears  that  Mr.  Fowler  died  suddenly  on  Sunday 
night  last  about  II  o'clock.  He  had  been  in  his 
usual  health  up  to  the  moment  of  his  death — had, 
indeed,  attended  two  services  at  the  church  at 
Stranraer  during  the  day,  and  walked  through  the 
grounds  with  his  employer,  the  Earl  of  Stair,  the 
same  evening.  A  long  and  very  interesting  auto- 
biographical notice  was  contributed  by  him  to  our 
columns  on  November  7,  1S74,  from  which  we  may 
now  make  some  abstract.  Beginning  his  career  at 
the  Glasgow  Botanic  Garden  he  had  the  advan- 
tage of  attending  the  lectures  of  Dr.  (after- 
wards Sir  William)  Hooker,  The  Glasgow  garden 
then  was  in  the  height  of  its  usefulness  as  a 
botanic  garden,  the  zeal  of  Hooker  causing  an 
afflux  of  new  plants  from  the  New  World  and  else- 
where, the  study  and  culture  of  which  stimulated  the 
interest  of  Fowler.  The  night-school  in  the  gardens, 
and  what  was  done  therein,  supply  hints  which  might 
be  very  serviceable  in  many  a  place  nowadays.  From 
Glasgow  he  proceeded,  after  a  short  interval,  to  the 
garden  of  Lord  Cloncurry  at  Lyons,  Co.  Kildare,  where 
his  account  of  the  bothy  may  read  as  an  illustration  of 
what  should  not  be  at  any  time.    In  1840,  Fowler 


entered  the  service  of  the  Earl  ©"f  Stair  at  Castle  Ken- 
nedy, and  there  he  has  contiiroe^  since.  His  first 
ertbrts  were  directed  towards  the  reorganisation  and 
remodelling  of  the  gardens,  which  bad  been  much  ne- 
glected. His  account  of  his  mode  of  dealing  with  old 
Vines,  which  developed  a  constant  tend'ency  to  shank, 
may  be  read  by  all  Vine  growers  witW  i-nterest.  It 
must  suffice  here  to  say  that  Mr.  Fowler  advocated 
the  formation  of  a  moderately  drained,  deep  border, 
with  openings  outside  communicating  with  the  sur- 
face inside,  and  so  placed  as  to  cause  a  slow  current 
to  pass  through  the  drainimg  material  where  it  parts 
with  some  of  its  heat  and  thus  raises  the  temperature 
of  the  border  a  few  degrees  during  the  grooving 
season. 

Extensive  alterations  at  Castle  Kennedy  were 
carried  out  by  Fowler  under  the  directions  of  two 
successive  Earls  of  Stair — alterations  so  well  carried 
o.ut  that  Fowler's  services  were  sought  by  other 
planters,  as  for  instance,  by  the  Earl  of  Stratlimore, 
at  Glamis  Castle.  In  both  the  places  named  a 
pinetum  was  formed,  and  Fowler  speedily  became  an 
authority  on  the  plantation  and  management  of  these 
trees.  In  spite  of  the  prejudice  against  grafted 
Conifers,  Fowler  adopted  the  practice  with  great 
success — indeed,  the  number  of  plants  he  required 
was  so  gi'eat  that  it  would  not  iiave  been  possible  for 
him  to  have  obtained  them  otherwise.  Fowler  also 
advocated  the  use  of  home-grown  Conifer  seed,  pro- 
vided it  was  good  and  well  ripened,  maintaining  that 
the  seedlings  were  as  healthy  as  those  derived  from 
foreign  seed.  In  1872,  Mr.  Fowler,  at  our  request, 
contributed  a  series  of  articles  on  cultivated  Conifers 
to  our  columns,  which  embodied  the  results  of  his 
extensive  experience  with  these  trees,  and  which 
remain  the  best  cultural  articles  on  the  subject  within 
our  knowledge.  It  will  be  seen  that  Fowler  was  an 
excellent  specimen  of  the  "all-round  gardener,"  and 
as  such  his  memory  will  be  cherished  by  all  who  had 
the  pleasure  of  knowing  him. 


AGAVE    GLAUCESCENS. 

The  illustration  at  p.  223,  for  which  we  are 
indebted  to  Professor  Henriquez.  of  Coimbra,  shows 
a  view  in  the  Coimbra  Botanic  Garden  with  a  group 
of  Musa  Ensete,  Cocos  Romanzoviana,  and  Agave 
glaucescens.  The  latter  plant  was  planted  in  the 
open  ground  some  ten  years  since,  and  began  to 
flower  in  October,  1886,  the  flowering  not  ending 
until  January,  18.S7,  when  the  last  flowers  were  killed 
by  the  frost.  The  length  of  the  inflorescence  was  2 
metres  10  cm.  (6  feet  8  inches)  in  height,  the  stem 
supporting  it  being  1'20  (3  feet  10  in.).  Two  flowers 
are  shown  of  their  natural  size  at  fig.  b'i,  and  thy 
elegantly  netted  pollen-grain  as  seen  highly  magnified. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 


CATTLEYA  MOSSI^  AUEEA  GRANDI- 
FLORA. 

This  "  resembles  the  typical  plant  in  habit  of 
growth,  but  its  flowers  are  larger,  more  highly 
coloured,  and  altogether  superior ;  they  are  of  good 
form  and  substance,  and  measure  8  inches  across, 
whilst  frequently  four  of  these  magnificent  blooms 
are  borne  on  one  spike.  The  sepals  and  petals  are 
blush,  lip  large  marked  with  a  bar,  and  a  few  broken 
lines  of  violet-rose,  very  much  stained  with  orange 
at  the  base,  both  in  the  throat  and  on  the  upper 
margin,  lower  part  bordered  with  rose  colour.  It 
should  be  potted  in  good  fibrous  peat,  from  which  all 
the  fine  particles  have  been  shaken,  to  which  add 
some  living  sphagnum  moss  and  some  nodules  of 
charcoal,  to  keep  it  open  and  porous.  The  pots 
must  be  drained  well,  for  drainage  is  one  of  the  most 
essential  points  in  the  management  of  Orchids,  and 
with  Cattleyas  in  particular ;  for  although  they  like 
abundance  of  water  when  growing,  it  must  pass 
rapidly  away,  or  they  quickly  decline  in  health.' 
Orchid  Album,  t.  289. 


220 


THE     GARDE  NEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AcGcsT  20,  1887. 


Odoktoolossum  Andersoniandm  splendens 
"  is  a  very  free-flowering  variety ;  it  produces  long 
graceful  racemes,  and  the  blossoms  are  set  very  regu- 
larly in  a  two-ranked  manner  on  the  spike.  The 
sepals  and  petals  are  white,  tinged  with  rose,  and 
blotched  witli  chestnut-brown;  throat  yellow,  lined 
with  crimson,  and  spotted  with  dark  brown  on  each 
side.  It  blossoms  during  May  and  June,  and  con- 
tinues in  beauty  for  upwards  of  six  weeks.  The 
typical  form  is  a  natural  hybrid  between  O.  Alex- 
andras (crispum)  and  O.  gloriosum,  no  doubt  brought 
about  by  insect  agency,  and  in  all  probability  botli 
parents  of  this  variety  were  fine  forms  of  their  kind. 
'The  best  of  these  hybrid  Odontoglossums  have 
ihitherto  been  chiefly  found  on  the  mountains  of  New 
'Granada,  at  an  elevation  of  from  7500  to  8800  feet, 
in  the  Bogota  district ;  but  as  very  few  of  the  Euro- 
pean collectors  now  gather  their  own  plants,  it  is 
seldom  all  are  seen  in  flower  by  them  before  they  are 
despatched  to  this  country,  so  that  amateurs  and 
nurserymen  frequently  have  splendid  new  forms 
flower  amongst  imported  plants,  many  of  which  have 
realised  upwards  of  a  hundred  guineas.  The  plant 
here  figured  was  imported  promiscuously  some  years 
.•ago  amongst  a  large  batch  of  O.  Alexandra;  (cris- 
pum), which  were  not  only  very  fine  varieties  them- 
selves, but  amongst  them  were  several  novel  and 
.handsome  hybrid  kinds. 

"  This  Odontoglossum  thrives  under  the  same 
■treatment  that  0.  Alexandra;  (crispum)  requires  ;  it 
should  be  kept  as  cool  as  possible  during  the  hot 
<lays  of  summer,  as  the  mean  temperature  of  the  hot- 
test season  in  its  native  habitat  is  said  to  be  seldom 
much  over  60°,  and  during  the  coldest  months  about 
67°,  so  that  the  variation  of  temperature  is  very 
slight,  whilst  the  moisture  is  so  great  that  it  may  be 
said  never  to  have  a  dry  season.     Notwithstanding 

■  this,  however,  under  cultivation,  care  must  be  exer- 

■  cised  in  order  to  prevent  stagnant  moisture  remaining 
about  the  roots,  which,  instead  of  nourishing,  is  sure 
to  rot  them  ;  therefore,  avoid  overburdening  them 
with  potting  material  and  provide  ample  drainage.'' 
Orchid  Album,  t.  292. 

Vamda  CniSTATA. 

An  old  plant,  but  one  rarely  seen  nowadays.  Its 
principal  characteristics  reside  in  its  pale  green 
perianth-segments,  and  the  yellowish  lip  is  marked 
with  purple  bars  and  stripes.  It  requires  full 
exposure  to  the  light  in  the  East  India-house.  It  is 
figured  in  the  Orchid  Album,  t.  290. 

SOPHKONITIS   VIOLACEA 

"  is  a  pretty  and  entirely  distinct  species,  and  is  said 
to  occur  very  abundantly  on  trees  in  the  Organ 
Mountains  ;  but  although  great  quantities  of  it  have 
from  time  to  time  reached  this  country,  it  is  a  plant 
very  seldom  seen  in  flower.  It  is  an  evergreen,  with 
small  pseudobulbs  bearing  a  single  narrow  leaf,  which 
as  about  2  inclies  in  length ;  the  peduncles  are  two- 
lowered,  and  arise  from  beneath  a  small  sheath, 
•situated  on  the  summit  of  the  pseudobulb,  and  the 
'flowers  are  of  a  clear  rich  violet  colour.  It  blooms 
•  during  the  winter  and  spring  months,  and  continues 
■in  full  beauty  for  several  weeks.  We  find  this 
■species  thrives  well  in  a  small  basket  or  shiillow  pan 
•suspended  fi-om  the  roof,  as  near  the  light  as  possible, 
but  it  requires  to  be  shaded  from  the  sun  during  the 
hottest  part  of  the  day  in  summer;  in  spring  and 
.autumn,  Iiowever,  no  shading  will  be  necessary. 
It  may  also  be  grown  on  a  block  of  Fern 
■stem,  or  on  a  raft ;  but,  treated  in  this 
manner,  the  plants  dry  up  mucli  quicker,  and 
■require  more  attention  in  the  matter  of  watering. 
They  enjoy  sprinkling  from  the  syringe  during  warm 
-weather,  and  if  sometimes  dipped  in  the  water  until 
the  blocks  are  well  saturated  with  moisture  it  will  be 
found  highly  beneficial.  As  previously  remarked, 
this  species  requires  to  be  kept  fairly  moist  at  the 
roots  during  the  growing  season,  which  commences 
soon  after  the  flowers  have  faded.  'When  growth  is 
completed  the  supply  of  water  should  be  considerably 
reduced,  but  the  plant  should  not  at  any  time  be 
allowed  to  dry  oft',  neither  should   it  be   disturbed 


when  once  it  becomes  established.  For  soil  use  fine 
fibrous  peat,  with  a  few  small  nodules  of  charcoal 
intermixed,  and  always  keep  fresh  sweet  material 
about  the  roots,  but  very  little  of  any  kind  will  be 
found  necessary.  Although  this  is  generally  con- 
sidered a  cool^house  plant,  we  find  it  thrive  best  in 
an  intermediate  temperature — that  is  to  say,  in  a 
house  somewhat  warmer  than  the  Odoutoglossum- 
house."  Orchid  Album,  t.  291. 

DiSA   UUANDIFLORA   AND    ITS   VARIETIES. 

Having  seen  a  note  on  p.  138  of  your  current 
volume  from  Mr.  Owen  Thomas,  the  gardener  at 
Chatsworth,  to  the  eflTect  that  some  of  the  spikes  of 
the  above-named  beautiful  terrestrial  Orchid  under 
his  care  were  bearing  the  unusually  large  number 
of  eleven  flowers,  I  was  anxious  to  know  whether 
the  variety  he  grew  was  a  good  and  highly  coloured 
one  or  not,  as  my  experience  teaches  me  that  the 
good  variety  rarely,  if  ever,  bears  more  than  four  to 
five  flowers  on  a  stem.  I  accordingly  wrote  to  Mr. 
Thomas,  and  asked  him  to  be  so  good  as  to  send  me 
a  few  blooms  in  a  box  to  compare  with  ray  own. 
which  is  the  highest  and  brightest  coloured  variety  I 
have  ever  seen.  He  kindly  complied  with  my  request, 
and  I  find  my  experience  completely  verified,  as  the 
variety  grown  at  Chatsworth  is  quite  the  palest  and 
poorest  I  have  ever  seen,  so  that  I  tliink  it  may,  so 
far,  be  safely  inferred  that  if  you  gain  in  number  of 
flowers  on  a  stem  you  lose  in  brilliancy  of  colour  of 
flower.  For  several  years  my  variety,  which  I  call 
D.  grandiflora  rosea,  never  bore  more  than  two 
flowers  on  a  stem,  so  that  I  called  it  var.  biflora,  but 
latterly  one  or  two  of  the  stems  have  borne  four  or 
five  blooms,  but  never  more.  I  shall  be  very  glad 
if  some  of  your  readers  who  have  seen  this  beautiful 
plant  growing  and  blooming  in  its  home  on  the  Table 
Mountain  at  the  Cape  will  give  us  the  benefit  of  their 
experience  as  to  the  number  of  flowers  usually  found 
on  each  stem  when  the  colour  of  the  flowers  is 
bright  rose,  and  when  they  are  of  only  a  pale  blush 
tint.  There  is  another  variety  of  Disa  of  more 
vigorous  habit  of  growth  which  I  have  known  to 
produce  from  seven  to  nine  flowers  on  a  stem,  and 
which  came  to  me  from  Glasnevin  Botanic  Garden, 
but  the  colour  of  the  flower  is  a  dull  bricky-red,  and 
I  consider  it  so  inferior  in  beauty  to  the  D.  grandi- 
flora rosea  that  I  have  discontinued  its  cultivation. 
W.  E.  Gumhleton. 


Fruit  Register. 


GOOSEBEUIUES. 
The  large  and  varied  collection  of  Gooseberry 
fruits  exhibited  by  Messrs.  'Veitch  &  Sons  at  South 
Kensington,  on  the  9th,  shows  that  many  varieties 
little  known  and  seldom  or  never  met  with  in  private 
gardens  are  still  grown  in  the  trade,  which,  I 
presume,  find  it  almost  indispensable  to  keep 
stocks  even  if  sale  be  trifling.  That  the  collection 
included  nearly  all  the  best  kinds  in  cultivation  is 
certain,  but  there  were  two  notable  exceptions — 
Lancashire  Lad,  the  famous  market  Gooseberry  of 
the  day,  and  grown  in  such  vast  quantities  all 
round  the  metropolis ;  and  the  pretty  pale  green 
Gooseberry  shown  at  the  previous  meeting,  from 
Chiswick,  which  is  one  of  the  best  dessert  kinds. 
But  it  was  most  interesting  to  find  such  excellent 
dessert  sorts  as  Champagne,  Ironmonger,  Red  'V\'ar- 
rington.  Golden  Drop,  Green  llougii,  and  some  other 
medium  kinds,  all  of  which  are  so  admirable  for 
dessert,  and  well  worthy  a  place  in  any  garden  for 
that  purpose.  Without  doubt  Gooseberries  are  more 
acid  than  usual  this  year,  and  skins  are  somewhat 
tougher,  arising  from  the  drought ;  but  these 
kinds  named  unmistakably  showed  their  ex- 
cellence over  the  large  sorts,  which  have  to 
recommend  them  chiefly  that  they  crop  heavily, 
and  soon  fill  the  bushel.  For  market  purposes 
the  sooner  Gooseberries  are  large  whilst  green  the 
better  for  the  grower!  but  later,  when  ripe,  they  must 
be  red  and ofa good  colour;  hence  no  one  in  the  market 


trade  cares  to  grow  green  or  white  kinds,  because 
those  would  fail  to  find  a  market  when  -ipe.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  but  that  far  more  of  green  fruit  is 
gathered  and  sold,  than  of  ripe  fruit.  The  former 
is  hard,  travels  well,  is  not  tempting  to  those  who 
handle  them,  or  to  birds  ;  their  removal  also  early 
relieves  the  bushes  and  assists  the  formation  of  wood 
for  the  coming  year.  When  ripe,  not  only  must  the 
fruit  be  of  good  colour,  but  it  needs  handling  with 
greater  care  ;  and  should  a  few  heavy  showers  come 
when  soft  the  fruit  splits,  and  is  thus  spoilt.  In  every 
way  the  grower  finds  it  most  profitable  to  dispose  of 
his  Gooseberries  green,  yet  he  invariably  grows  only 
two  kinds,  and  those  both  reds — Crown  Bob  and 
Lancashire  Lad — the  latter  chiefly.  Only  in  a  very 
limited  degree  is  it  probable  that  Champagnes  and 
Ironmongers  would  be  grown  for  market  purposes ; 
they  would  pay  only  when  specially  good  prices  are 
paid,  because  the  gathering  would  be  twice  as  costly 
as  is  that  of  large  varieties.  In  private  gardens, 
however,  regard  for  quality  and  variety  in  the  dessert 
should  ensure  the  growing  of  at  least  half  a  dozen 
of  the  smaller  fruited  and  best  flavoured  kinds. 
Small  Gooseberries  are  still  much  favoured  at  table, 
and  offer  a  welcome  change  from  Grapes,  Melons, 
Strawberries,  and  similar  sugary  fruits.  Two  or 
three  bushes  of  each  kind  should  be  grown  in  a 
row  or  quarter  together  where  they  can  be  netted, 
and  thus  protected  from  birds ;  whilst  a  few  trees 
trained  on  a  west  wall  will  serve  admirably  to 
lengthen  the  fruit  season.  A.  D. 

Peak  Madajie  Stoff. 
A  good  Pear,  whose  season  is  from  December  to 
February.  It  is  of  large  or  medium  size,  regular  pyra- 
midal shape,  with  an  olive-green  skin  speckled  with 
red,  a  short  stalk  set  in  a  slight  depression,  and  a 
deeply  set  eye.  The  flesh  is  delicate,  melting, 
butterj',  and  brisk  in  flavour.  It  is  figured  in  the 
June  number  of  the  Bulletin  d' Arboriculture. 

Strawbebky  Oxonian. 
This  was  Lately  praised  in  your  columns,  but  is,  I 
believe,  nothing  but  Myatt's  Eleanor  under  another 
name.  H, 


The  Orchid  Houses. 


East  Indian  Orchids.  —  Such  of  these  as  were 
potted  in  the  spring  will  now  require  examining,  and 
those  that  are  grown  in  sphagnum  and  crocks  will 
require  some  attention.  It  is  best  to  defer  the 
potting  of  these  plants  as  far  as  possible  to  the 
spring,  but  many  may  require  to  be  top-dressed. 
Any  of  the  Atirides  which  have  lost  leaves  since 
flowering  will  be  improved  in  appearance  if  set  lower 
in  their  pots,  and  it  will  help  to  re-establish  them 
if  moist  warmth  and  shade  for  two  or  three  weeks  be 
atforded  them.  Before  the  plants  generally  are  re- 
arranged the  houses  ought  to  be  cleaned  thoroughly, 
using  Clearwater  for  this  purpose,  as  soapy  water 
injures  the  paint.  It  will  prepare  the  Aerides  and 
Saccolabiums  to  withstand  the  winter  better  if  more 
sunlight  morning  and  afternoon  be  allowed  to  reach 
the  plant,  care  being  exercised  to  keep  the  atmo- 
sphere of  the  house  moist. 

The  long  continuance  of  cold  winds  in  spring  pre- 
vented the  majority  of  Dendrobes  here  from  making 
an  early  growth,  which  may  account  for  their  not 
being  so  forward  now,  many  of  the  deciduous  section 
beginning  at  the  present  time  to  finish  up,  which  is 
ascertained  by  the  pseudobulbs  tapering  off  and 
finishing  with  a  single  leaf  at  the  point.  I  like  to 
prevent  as  much  as  possible  these  deciduous  tj'pes* 
from  making  a  second  growth  at  this  season.  As  the 
plants  do  not  all  start  and  finish  together  it  is  neces- 
sary to  select  those  that  are  fit  for  removal,  leaving 
the  backward  ones  to  complete  their  growths.  Many 
D.  nobile  will  start  new  growths  about  midsummer 
from  the  base  of  those  which  are  only  partially  com- 
pleted. There  is,  I  think,  nothing  wrong  in  this,  as 
they  would,  no  doubt,  make  more  than  one  growth  in  a 
season  in  their  native  homes.  We  have  a  plant  of  D. 
nohile  nobilius  which  has  always  made  about  three 
growths  from  one  lead  in  two  years,  each  one  finish- 
ing up  its  full  length.  If  the  Dendrobium-house  is 
from  .'JO  to  40  feet  long,  plants  that  have  finished 
growth  can  be  placed  at  the  end  furthest  from   the 


AnonsT  20,  1887.1 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


221 


boiler  where  ventilation  can  be  given  sufficient  for  the 
whole  house,  at  the  same  time  keeping  the  other  end 
moist  and  close  so  as  to  encourage  growth.  I  have 
never  found  these  Dendrobium  flowered  so  well,  nor 
were  prevented  from  starting  new  growth,  by  placing 
the  plants  in  a  vinery  that  was  mucli  ventilated,  un- 
Ifss  a  little  heat  was  turned  on  at  night;  of  course  it 
greatly  depends  how  much  ventilation  can  be  put  on 
the  vinery,  but  when  the  temperature  outside  falls  to 
;^°,  the  roots  of  Dendrobiums  will  receive  a  check  if 
the  plants  have  been  transferred  from  an  East  In- 
dian temperature  to  a  cool  vinery.  If  there  is  no 
other  choice,  I  think  a  late  vinery  is  best,  providing 
the  season  is  over  for  closing  the  house  and  syringing 
the  Vines.  If  a  little  artificial  heat  be  used  in  wet 
weather  to  expel  the  damp,  it  will  suit  the  Orchids 
all  the  better. 

Give  water  often  enough  to  keep  the  pseudobulbs 
plump,  and  beware  of  taking  mealy-bug  into  the 
house;  a  few  of  these  that  would  be  scarcely  noticed 
on  a  Dendrobium  will  increase  rapidly  if  on  the 
Vines.  As  the  nights  get  colder  the  pipes  in  the 
East  Indian  and  intermediate-houses  should  be  made 
suflficiently  warm  to  keep  the  former  at  about  70° 
and  the  latter  at  65^.  The  damping  of  floors  and 
stages  in  these  houses  should  be  done  earlier  in  the 
afternoon  as  the  season  advances,  and  moisture  must 
be  withheld  in  the  morning,  and  not  be  given  until 
the  temperature  has  risen  above  these  figures.  If 
rain  comes  give  plenty  of  air  to  coldOdontoglossiims 
and  Masdevallias.  likewise  give  a  little  air  to  all  the 
divisions  when  the  outside  temperature  will  allow  of 
it.  C.  Woolford,  Downside,  Lcathcrhead. 


Forestry. 


Generally  speaking,  the  earlier  part  of  the  present 
month  brings  but  little  special  work  for  the  forester. 

Propagating. — Towards  the  end  of  the  month  cut- 
tings of  trees  and  shrubs  that  are  propagated  in  that 
way  may  be  inserted,  while  layering  may  likewise  be 
taken  in  hand.  Propagation  by  means  of  cuttings  is 
effected  in  several  ways,  but  that  usually  practised, 
and  the  most  simple  as  well,  being  to  take  off  strong 
and  young  shoots  of  the  current  seasons  growth 
during  the  latter  end  of  the  present,  or  beginning  of 
next  month,  and  insert  these  in  beds  of  free  sandy 
loam.  The  beds  or  borders  intended  to  be  planted 
with  cuttings  should,  some  time  before  they  are 
wanted,  be  deeply  dug  over,  after  which  a  3-inch  top- 
dressing  of  leaf-mould  and  sharp  sand  may  be  lightly 
forked  in,  and  well  incorporated  with  the  soil.  In 
plantingthe  cuttings,  which  may  be  of  from  7  inches  to 
y  inches  in  length,  place  them  rather  closely  in  the 
lines,  so  closely  that  the  leaves  come  in  contact  with 
each  other — and  leave  a  space  of  6  inches  between  the 
lines. 

By  placing  a  small  quantity  of  sharp  sand  in  the 
trench  with  the  cuttings  the  process  of  rooting  is 
much  quickened,  and,  what  is  of  greater  importance 
still,  a  much  greater  number  of  roots  are  emitted 
than  if  this  assistance  be  not  afforded.  The  cuttings 
may  remain  as  planted  for  twelve  or  eighteen  months, 
after  which  time  they  should  be  carefully  lifted, 
sorted  in  sizes,  and  lined  out  in  well-prepared  and 
rich  nursery  ground.  Cuttings  of  rare  plants,  or 
such  as  have  from  previous  experience  been  found  to 
be  difficult  to  strike  in  the  open  border,  may  be 
placed  in  boxes,  and  a  hand-light  put  over  them. 

Coniferous  trees,  including  the  Sequoia  gigantea, 
Thuia  gigantea,  the  Ketinosporas,  Thuiopsisborealis, 
Oephalotaxus,  Cryptomeria,  Podocarpus,  Torreya, 
Libocedrus,  and  Juniperus,  in  their  various  forms, 
all  strike  readily  enough  from  cuttings,  which  should 
consist  of  last  year's  growth  with  a  small  portion  of 
the  previous  year's  wood,  and  should  always  be  taken 
from  side  shoots  of  the  plant  when  the  sap  is  in  full 
motion.  It  is  very  essential  to  select  the  cuttings 
from  the  outer  branches  on  the  sunny  side  of  the 
tree,  as  it  has  been  found  to  be  almost  impossible  to 
strike  such  as  have  been  growing  in  the  interior  or 
sunless  portions  of  coniferous  trees  at  least. 

With  many  ot  the  "  miffy  "  Conifers  I  have  been 
unusually  successful  in  their  propagation  from  cut- 
tings, by  inserting  such  in  boxes  of  prepared  sandy 
loam  and  leaf-mould  in  about  equal  proportions,  and 
placing  these  in  a  cool  and  shady  frame.  Pitzroya 
patagonica  we  have  raised  in  quantity  from  cuttings 
treated  in  the  way  just  described,  while  Thuiopsis 
dolabrata,  Cephalotaxus  pedunculata  fastigiata,  and 
many  other  choice  and  costly  kinds,  have  been  reared 
in  a  most  satisfactory  way  by  adopting  this  system. 
Crrafting  of  coniferous  trees  may  also  be  engaged 


in  at  present,  and  tliis  is  preferable  to  operations 
carried  on  during  the  late  winter  months,  as  some 
prefer,  as,  by  working  them  during  August  they  get 
well  established  before  the  winter  sets  in,  and  are  thus 
made  more  hardy  by  being  placed  out-of-doors,  or  in  a 
cold  frame,  for  planting  out  in  spring.  For  coniferous 
trees,  side  grafting  is  most  readily  performed,  and  is 
also  the  surest  method  of  getting  up  a  stock.  In 
most  instances  the  stocks  should  be  of  two  years' 
growth,  and  well  established  in  3-inch  pots.  After 
grafting  the  pots  may  be  stood  closely  together  in  a 
heated  frame,  the  sashes  of  which  should  be  lifted 
every  morning  so  as  to  admit,  for  an  hour  or  so,  a 
change  of  air,  which,  it  should  be  remembered,  is  an 
absolute  necessity. 

JS'itrserg  Worl\ — This  department  of  forest  man- 
agement must  on  no  account  be  neglected,  else  a  by- 
no-means  enviable  position  is  occupied  during  the 
autumn  and  spring  months.  Compost  heaps  will  now 
be  all  the  better  of  a  turn  over,  and  rendered  of  extra 
value  for  manuring  purposes  by  the  addition  of  a 
small  quantity  of  quicklime,  this  serving  the  double 
purpose  of  acting  as  a  fertiliser  and  at  the  same  time 
destroying  the  vitality  of  all  seeds  that  may  have  been 
attached  to  weeds  consigned  to  the  rubbish  or  com- 
post heap.  Recently  grafted  trees  should  now  be 
examined,  and  if  found  necessary  the  ties  may  be 
slackened  or  removed,  while  at  the  same  time  all 
shoots  and  buds  growing  on  the  stock  may  be  rubbed 
or  cut  off.  Budding  of  ornamental  trees  may  now 
be  taken  in  hand,  and  this  is  a  simple  and  inexpen- 
sive method  ofadding  beauty  to  the  more  conspicuous 
of  our  forest  trees.  For  the  clearing  of  nursery 
ground  this  has  been  an  unusually  favourable 
season,  so  that  but  little  excuse  can  be  offered 
by  those  whose  borders  and  seed  beds  are  either 
untidy  or  unclean.  During  prolonged  dry  weather 
an  occasional  watering  of  the  seed  beds  will  be  all- 
important,  and  saves  from  destruction  many  a  weak 
and  tiny  seedling.  This  is  best  performed  in  the 
evening  just  before  the  workmen  leave  off  for  the 
night,  and  when  once  started  should  on  no  account 
be  left  off  until  wet  weather  sets  in. 

JSuperflunus  shoots  should  be  removed  from  young 
hard-wood  trees,  and  head  branches  that  are  dis- 
proportionate to  the  strength  of  the  stem  may  be 
shortened  or  removed  intact.  Kival  leading  shoots 
can  at  the  same  time  be  cut  off  neatly  and  cleanly, 
in  fact,  the  whole  contour  of  tlie  trees  may,  where 
necessary,  be  improved  as  thought  advisable  for  their 
future  welfare  as  either  ornamental  trees  or  timber 
producers.  The  pruning  of  such  trees  as  the  Birch, 
Maple,  and  Sycamore,  that  are  apt  to  bleed  profusely, 
may  be  set  about  at  once,  as  the  descending  sap,  par- 
ticularly towards  the  end  of  the  month,  soon  heals 
up  the  wounds,  which  gradually  get  cicatrised  over, 
without  any  injurious  effects.  A.  J).  Webster. 


entrap  the  sun  by  shutting  up  early  every  afternoon,^ 
and,  providing  the  day  be  bright  and  sunshiny,  damp 
the  plants  lightly  at  the  same  time.  See  that  the 
linings  are  attended  to  by  adding  some  fresh  fer- 
menting material  to  that  already  there,  and  put  some 
mats  over  the  frames  at  night. 

Vines. — Young  Vines  which  were  planted  and  sub- 
sequently attended  as  recommended  at  p.  77  of  the 
current  volume  will  now  be  making  rapid  growth, 
and  in  order  to  maintain  this  to  the  end  of  the 
season  a  genial  atmospheric  temperature  of  from 
60'^  to  G5°  at  night  and  5°  higher  by  day  with  fire- 
heat  (in  the  absence  of  the  sun)  should  be  aimed  at, 
and  85^  to  80"*  with  sun-heat  and  a  free  circulation 
of  fresh  air,  running  the  temperature  up  to  90°  at 
closing  time  (about  3  o'clock),  with  a  liberal  distri- 
bution of  moisture  in  the  house  at  the  same  time, 
damping  the  surface  of  the  border  and  pathways- 
more  or  less  heavily  again  before  sunset,  when  the 
front  and  top  ventilators  should  be  opened  a  little 
for  the  night.  The  Vines  and  the  house  generally 
should  also  be  damped  over  first  thing  in  the  morn- 
ing ;  and  with  the  same  object  in  view — the  pro- 
moting of  a  free  and  healtliy  growth  in  both  root 
and  branch — the  Vines  should  be  kept  sufficiently 
moist  at  the  roots  by  frequent  applications  of 
diluted  liquid  manure.  These  i-emarks.  as  regards 
the  giving  of  liberal  supplies  of  water  at  the  roots, 
are  also  applicable  to  Vines,  Peaches,  Pigs,  &c.,  in 
every  stage  of  growtli ;  and  trees  from  which  the  crops 
have  been  taken  should  have  the  foliage  thoroughly 
syringed  morning  and  afternoon,  and  have  an  abun- 
dance of  air  day  and  night.  H.  IV.  Ward,  Longford 
Castle. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


Melons. — Plants  intended  for  supplying  fruit 
during  November  and  December  should,  like  plants 
intended  for  fruiting  in  tlie  spring  and  summer 
months,  be  planted  on  the  mounds  before  their 
roots  become  cramped  in  the  seedling  (3-inch)  pots  ; 
but  should  the  house  not  be  ready  for  their  recep- 
tion, shift  into  pots  a  size  or  two  larger,  so  as  to 
prevent  their  experiencing  a  check.  When  the  fruits 
commence  to  swell,  thin  out  so  as  to  leave  three  to 
five  on  each  plant,  leaving,  of  course,  the  best  and 
most  even-shaped  fruit.  Damp  the  plants  and  house 
in  which  they  are  growing  morning  and  afternoon 
during  bright  days,  and  when  the  temperature  is 
likely  to  fall  below  70°  at  night  let  the  fires  be 
lighted.  Ventilate  freely  on  all  favourable  occasions, 
and  shut  up  the  house  soon  after  3  o'clock  during 
sunshine  with  a  temperature  of  ^o'^,  and  run  up  to 
90°,  with  plenty  of  atmospheric  moisture.  Let  the 
plants,  when  necessary,  have  a  good  soaking  of 
diluted  liquid  manure  at  the  roots  when  swelling  off 
their  fruits,  which  will  greatly  assist  the  development 
of  the  latter. 

Fraines. — Plants  growing  in  dung-frames  should 
have  water  applied  very  sparingly  to  them  now 
that  the  daj's  arc  shorter  and  atmospheric  mois- 
ture more  plentiful,  which  must  necessarily  arise 
in  frames  so  heated.  Moreover,  plants  grown  under 
such  circumstances  are  not  likely  to  suffer  from 
want  of  water  at  the  roots,  as  they  can  push  into 
the  dung  and  leaves.  As  the  chance  of  ripening  late 
crops  of  fruit  satisfactorily  in  these  frames  depends 
in  a  great  measure  upon  the  condition  of  the  weather, 
every   opportunity   should   be   embraced ;    therefore 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Gekeeai,  DmECTiONS. — Fruits  are  ripening  earlier 
than  usual,  so  that  varieties  of  Plums  on  walls  in 
warm  aspects  will  now  require  to  be  netted  in. 
Early  Orleans  is  ripening  with  us  ;  Victoria,  Kirke's 
Blue,  Cox's  Emperor,  and  Pond's  Seedling,  although 
generally  considered  culinary  fruits  are,  where 
thoroughly  ripened,  quite  admissible  into  the  dessert 
owing  to  their  fine  appearance  ;  they  are  also_  sure 
bearers.  Where  it  is  desired  to  preserve  Apricots, 
some  of  the  earlier  gathered  fruit  can  be  picked  and 
placed  in  the  fruit-room  till  a  sufficient  quantity  can 
be  got  together  for  the  purpose.  As  all  kinds  of  fruiC 
trees  become  cleared  of  their  fruit  they  should  be 
well  svringed,  to  cleanse  their  foliage  of  any  insect* 
that  I'uay  be  present,  and  thorough  root-waterings 
should  be  afforded.  Those  who  prefer  a  sharp- 
flavoured  Apple,  will  find  Duchess  of  Oldenburg 
to  their  taste,  and  it  is  also  a  certain  bearer.  We 
have  some  very  fine  fruit  of  the  variety  this  season. 

New  Plantatiuns  of  Strawberries.  —  These  will 
require  frequent  waterings,  especially  those  intended 
to  carry  fruit  at  a  later  date,  such  as  Vicomtesse 
Hericart  de  Thury.  As  late  varieties  become 
cleared  of  their  crops,  the  nets  should  be  removed 
and  stored  away,  and  tlie  runners  and  weeds  that 
may  have  accum'ulated  between  the  rows  cleared  off, 
and  the  soil  in  the  alleys  stirred  with  the  hoe.  We 
gathered,  on  August  10,  our  last  dish  of  Oxonian, 
which  have  been  very  fine  this  season.  Eunneis 
that  have  been  layered  in  pots  will  now  be  sufficiently 
advanced  to  plant  out  into  their  new  quarters.  K. 
Ward,  Hewell,  Bromsc/rore. 


What  Not  to  Do.— At  the  funeral  of  A.  A. 
Talmage,  late  Vice-President  of  the  Wabash  Western 
Kailway,  the  floral  tributes,  says  the  Aimrican  Florist, 
were  numerous,  and  many  were  very  elaborate.  A 
large  piece,  12  feet  in  length,  was  a  floral  represen- 
tation of  the  locomotive  used  to  pull  Mr.  Talmage's 
private  car.  The  boiler  and  cab  were  of  white  Koses 
and  Carnations:  the  smoke-stack,  handrails,  and 
pilot  of  purple  immortelles  ;  while  the  head-light  was 
of  red  Carnations  ;  the  tender  was  of  wliite  and- 
yellow  Roses.  The  whole  rested  on  a  purple  track 
supported  by  crimson  ties  on  a  road-bed  of  Ferns. 
Another  design  represented  the  private  car  just 
entering  a  tunnel.  The  car  was  of  white  buds,  and 
contained  a  vacant  chair  of  crimson  immortelles. 
The  tunnel  was  of  Ferns  dotted  with  Marguerites. 
A  wheat  field  sprinkled  with  Marguerites,  bore  above 
a  shield  of  white  and  yellow  Roses,  on  which  was 
an  appropriate  inscription.  One  very  large  piece  was, 
gates  ajar  with  a  railway  track  running  between 
them,  and  inscribed  at  the  base :  "  The  right  of  way 
is  his  from  earth  to  heaven."  The  designs  above 
described  were  arranged  by  the  Jordan  Floral  Co. 


222 


TEE    QABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AcGHST  20,  1887. 


SUBSCRIBERS  TO 
rpSE  GARBENERS'  CHRONICLE 
■*■  who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularly,  are  particularly  requested 
to  communicate  with  the  Publisher  (in  cases  of 
delay  in  the  delivery  by  post,  the  cover  should  be 
forwarded  vjith  complaint), 

W.  RICHARDS,    41,     Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.  __^ 

Now  ready,  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 
mHE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE. 

J-  Vol.  I..  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE.  1837. 

W.  RICHABDS.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

MEETINGS. 

TTIP1T1 IV  Ait    ■•■!  '  ^°^'"^  Hortuiiltural  Society  :  Fniit 

TUESD.il,  Aio.  .,i.j     and  Floral  Committees. 

SHOWS. 

/  Second       National       Co-operative 
I      Flower  Show,  in  connection  with 
Royal  Horticultural  Society, 


TUESDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

THUESDAY, 

TRIDAY. 

MONDAY, 

WEDNESDAY, 

THUKSDAY, 

FRIDAY, 

SATURDAY, 


-Harpenden  Horticultural 
Ludlow  Horticultural. 
Wilts  Horticultural. 
-Sandy  (Bedford)  Horticultural. 


SALES. 


I  Bulbs   from    Holland,   at    Steven^;' 
,,,,  }     Rooms, 
■"'j  Trade  Sale  of  Bulbs  from  Holland, 

(.    at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
,,,  (  Bulbs   from    Holland,  at    Stevens' 
"   "(     Rooms. 

('Imported  and  Established  Orchids, 
.,.  I     at  Stevens'  Rooms. 


i' Bulbs   from    Holland,  at    Stevens' 
.,- )     Rooms. 
•  "M  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at  Protheroe 
(     &  Morris'  Rooms. 


Report  of 
the  Select  Com- 
mittee on 
Forestry 


After  three  years'  consideration 
and  the  examination  of  almost 
every  representative  man  in  the 
three  kingdoms  on  the  subject,  the 
Keport  (see  p.  79,  .Tuly  16^  of  the  Select 
Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  ap- 
pointed "  to  consider  whether,  by  the  establish- 
ment of  a  Forest  School,  or  otherwise,  our 
woodlands  could  be  rendered  more  remu- 
nerative," cannot  certainly  be  called  has*y. 
Nor  is  this  report  just  issued  an  ambi- 
tious one.  Starting  from  the  admitted  facts  that 
we  now  import  timber  to  the  value  of  some 
£16,000,000  annually,  that  the  forest  area  of  the 
Empire  exceeds  that  of  any  other  country,  that 
more  than  2J  million  acres  in  the  British  Isles 
are  under  wood,  and  that  enormous  tracts  of 
land  in  these  islands  in  addition,  which  now 
yield  no  crops,  might  certainly  produce  timber, 
the  committee  have,  as  might  have  been 
expected,  satisfied  themselves  "  that  the  manage- 
ment of  our  woodlands  might  be  materially 
improved ; "  that  we  might  well  raise  a  larger 
proportion  of  the  timber  we  require  for 
home  consumption ;  and  that  the  establishment 
of  "some  organised  system  of  forest  instruc- 
tion "  is  desirable  to  bring  about  this  result. 
So  far  there  seems  to  have  been  a  practically 
unanimous  consensus  of  opinion  among  the  wit- 
nesses examined ;  but,  as  might  also  have  been 
anticipated,  directly  it  becomes  a  question,  not  of 
ends  but  of  means,  not  of  general  statements  of 
principle  but  of  concrete  recommendations  for 
action  in  the  matter,  this  unanimity  vanished, 
to  be  replaced  by  almost  as  many  schemes  as 
there  were  witnesses.  This  has  resulted  in  what 
may  at  first  appear  as  a  timid — not  to  say 
a  lame  and  impotent  conclusion  to  the  recom- 


mendations of  the  select  committee.  They  sug- 
gest the  establishment  of  a  Forestry  Board  to 
which  the  organisation  of  forestry  schools,  or,  at 
any  rate,  of  "  a  course  of  instruction  in  forestry  " 
is  to  be  entrusted.  The  obiter  dictmn  that  "  it 
might  be  well,  in  the  first  instance,  to  establish 
one  school  only,"  which  "would  doubtless  be 
situated  in  England,"  will  not  be  pleasing  to  our 
energetic  foresters  north  of  the  Tweed.  The 
detailed  references  to  examinations  and  examiners 
suggest  fears  as  to  a  putting  of  the  educational 
cart  before  the  horse,  similar  to  the  unsatisfac- 
tory action  of  the  Highland  and  Agricultural 
.Society  of  Scotland  with  regard  to  forestry 
for  some  years  past.  And  lastly,  the  suggestion 
of  "the  adoption  of  the  lioyal  Indian  En- 
gineering College  at  Cooper's  Hill,  as  a  nucleus 
for  the  proposed  forestry  instruction,"  will  ex- 
cite the  direst  alarm  in  the  breasts  of  parents  of 
Young  Hopefuls  whose  incomes  are  limited. 

These  objections  may,  however,  be  answered, 
and  the  scheme,  though  timid,  be  shown  to  be  as 
practical  as  it  certainly  is  economical.  Scots- 
men would  only  have  themselves  to  blame  if  they 
failed  speedily  to  convince  the  Board  of  the 
feasibility,  desirability,  nay,  necessity,  of  a  dis- 
tinct school  for  Scotland,  while  the  necessity  for 
such  an  institution  in  Ireland  is,  in  our 
opinion,  even  greater.  Similarly,  those  in- 
terested in  the  teaching  of  forestry  throughout 
the  kingdom,  should  lose  no  time  in  insisting 
on  the  futility  of  any  scheme  for  examinations 
only,  and  in  urging  the  claims  of  their 
subject  to  such  financial  assistance  as  is  ac- 
corded, through  the  Science  and  Art  Depart- 
ment, to  the  School  of  Mines,  the  School  of 
Science,  and  other  teaching  agencies.  Finally, 
the  Board  would,  no  doubt.'be  soon  convinced,  not 
only  that  "  more  than  one  centre  of  instruction 
would  be  desirable,"  but  that  such  instruction 
must  be  inexpensive,  being  rendered  so  by  the 
endowment  either  of  professorial  chairs  or  of 
bursaries  for  students.  Practical  forestry,  sur- 
veying, land-work,  can  only  be  properly  learnt  in 
the  woods,  but  many  branches  essential  to  a  good 
forester,  but  of  which  he  is  at  present  generally 
speaking  wofuUy  ignorant,  should  be  taught  in 
the  school,  such  as  vegetable  physiology,  forest 
entomology,  and,  strange  as  it  may  appear,  a 
knowledge  of  trees.  Few  foresters  have  any 
knowledge  whatever  of  any  but  the  commonest 
trees,  and  but  little  even  of  their  structure  and 
mode  of  growth.  On  the  other  hand,  the  labourers, 
the  woodmen,  have  often  a  knowledge  of  varieties 
which  the  keenest-eyed  botanist  might  envy. 
These,  then,  are  matters  on  which  any  Board 
will  necessarily  be  amenable  to  rational  pres- 
sure. Meanwhile  in  suggesting  the  estab- 
lishment of  such  a  Board  as  a  preliminary 
measure,  the  Parliamentary  Committee  is  adopt- 
ing the  one  main  suggestion  of  all  their  con- 
flicting witnesses ;  and  no  one  surely  can  object 
to  such  an  experiment  when  the  cost  is  stated  as 
not  necessarily  exceeding  £500  per  annum. 

Every  one  interested  in  forestry  should  support 
this  most  modest  proposal  in  the  hope  that  if 
adopted  it  may  prove  the  germ  of  a  thoroughly 
organised  scheme  of  forest  instruction,  applicable 
alike  to  this  country,  and  with  the  requisite 
modifications  to  India  and  the  Colonies  also. 


The  Drought 
in  the 
Garden. 


In  response  to  our  suggestion  as 
to  the  desirability  of  recording  the 
effects,  good  or  ill,  of  the  present 
exceptional  season,  Mr.  "W'ollry  Dod  sends  us 
the  following  interesting  commimication.  To  be 
sure  some  allowance  has  to  he  made  for  the  fact 
that  the  lack  of  natural  supplies  has  been  in  some 


measure  compensated  for  by  artificial  watering 
but  after  all  artificial  watering  for  plants  in  the 
open  is  a  very  poor  substitute  for  the  rain  that 
falls  from  heaven.  For  one  thing,  it  is  deficient 
in  penetrating  power,  and  more  of  it  is  therefore- 
lost  by  evaporation  than  in  the  case  of  rain. 
But  Mr.  Don  shall  tell  his  own  tale  : — 

"  A  suggestion  was  made  in  the  Gardeiwrs'  Chronicle 
two  or  three  weeks  ago  that  it  would  be  interesting 
to  record  plants  which  have  done  better  than  usual 
during  this  dry  and  hot  summer.  Perhaps  it  is 
hardly  fair  to  glorify  those  which  grow  in  gardens 
where  watering  is  done  regularly,  as  is  the  case  here.- 
Still,  the  dirt'erence  here  in  many  flowers  between 
this  and  ordinary  seasons  has  been  remarkable,  and 
there  are  others  which  no  amount  of  watering  has 
saved  from  premature  witliering.  Lilies,  upon  the 
whole,  have  benefited  greatly  by  the  continued 
warmth  ;  instead  of  being  checked,  as  they  usually 
are  here,  by  a  cold  and  wet  July.  I  have  never 
before  reached  the  middle  of  August  without  seeing 
a  symptom  of  spot  on  anv  Lily.  L.  Humboldti  has 
been  unusually  fine  in  the  open  air,  and  has  pre- 
served its  leaves  green  after  the  flowers  have 
withered  :  I  never  saw  this  before.  The  same  has 
happened  with  L.  chalcedonicum,  which  has  every- 
where had  finer  flowers  and  healthier  foliage  than  is 
usual  here.  L.  auratum  I  have  for  three  or  four 
years  given  up  planting,  but  the  few  which  survive 
show  me  that  if  such  seasons  as  this  were  the  rule  I 
could  grow  it  well.  Delphiniums,  which  like  heat 
and  sunshine,  have  of  course  done  well ;  and  the 
drought  has  been  good  for  their  colour,  which  runs- 
and  gets  patchy  in  wet  seasons. 

"  But  for  a  whole  genus  the  most  remarkable 
success  has  been  Campanula.  From  the  wild 
Harebell  to  the  tender  and  rare  Italian  kinds, 
and  from  the  tall  Campanula  pyramidalis  to 
the  dwarf  C.  Waldsteiniana,  there  has  been 
no  exception  to  their  good  condition.  Even 
the  invalid  C.  haylodgensis  has  almost  kept  out  of 
sight  its  sickly-looking  yellow  leaves  by  the  abun- 
dance of  its  flowers,  and  has  improved  its  former 
character  of  not  being  worth  its  room.  C.  isophylla 
alba  has  been  charming ;  it  is  here  grown  between 
stones,  over  which  a  pane  of  glass  is  laid  in  winter, 
and  its  retreat  has  been  paved  with  flowers  ever  since 
the  end  of  June.  C.  cenisia.  which  I  have  bought 
and  lost  many  times,  has  for  the  first  time  done  well, 
and  looks  very  healthy,  though  its  curious  sessile 
stellate  flowers  are  produced  sparingly. 

"  Geraniums,  too,  are  flowers  for  a  dry  season ; 
G.  armenum,  though  artists  condemn  its  colour,  is 
very  eff'ective,  making  a  large  mass  in  a  mixed 
border ;  and  all  the  seeds  the  greenfinches  and  bull- 
finches spare  are  shot  all  round  to  surprising  dis- 
tances, and  keep  up  a  constant  supply  of  young 
plants.  There  are  other  plants  which  have  kept  a 
continuous  supply  of  flowers  all  through  the  drought; 
none  handsomer  than  Scabiosa  caucasica,  of  which, 
however,  there  are  good  and  worthless  forms.  It  is 
a  plant  which  cannot  be  divided  well,  so  seedlings 
must  be  raised  and  the  flowering  tested.  Ompha- 
lodes  Lucilioe  has  been  in  flower  ever  since 
April,  and  seems  to  get  more  strength  the  longer 
it  goes  on  flowering.  Much  as  tastes  diff'er, 
no  one  ever  passes  this  plant  here  without  stopping 
to  admire  it.  The  American  Composites  evidently 
like  heat:  Ilelianthus  rigidus  is  unusually  fine;  so- 
are  the  Rudbeckias,  notably  a  large  bunch  of  R. 
hirta,  which  is  quite  dazzling :  I  raised  this  from 
seed  brought  four  years  ago  from  Minnesota,  and  I 
am  afraid  the  plants  are  flowering  to  death.  Of 
course  in  a  season  like  this  there  are  failure,  amongst 
these  are  Himalayan  Primroses  ;  P.  sikkimensis  was 
withered  up  as  soon  as  open,  and  1*.  capitata  cannot 
grow.  Meconopsis  Wallichi  fails  to  open  its  flowers 
in  the  heat.  Spiraeas,  too,  have  been  poor,  and  it  is 
miserable  to  see  the  tall  Phloxes  where  not  con- 
stantly watered. 

"  Two  plants  are  out  now  which  are  deserving  of 
special  praise ;  they  are  always  good,  but  t'lis  year 
they  are  excellent.    The  first  is  Veronica  parviflora 


AvavsT  20,  1887.] 


TEE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


223 


(Bot.  Mag.,  t.  5965),  the  same  plant  which  was  ex- 
hibited at  a  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Floral  Committee  last  November,  when  ■  t  was  still 
in  flower.  It  can  just  be  called  hardy  here — one  bnsh, 
now  6  feet  high,  having  survived  five  winters,  though 


some  will  continue  to  flower  till  hard  frost  kills  the 
buds. 

"The  last  plant  to  be  mentioned  is  one  which 
might  easily  be  cultivated  in  every  garden,  though  it 
is  seldom  seen — Gypsophila  paniculata.      In   some 


required,  are  potted  at  the  end  of  summer  and  kept 
in  pots  through  winter.  In  spring  they  arc  planted 
in  a  deep  dry  light  soil,  generally  on  a  raised  bed  ; 
each  plant  should  have  a  square  yard  to  itself  the 
first    vear  of  flowering,    and  twice   as    much  the- 


Fig.  55. — agave  glaucescexs  flowering,     (see  p.  219.) 


occasionally  somewhat  cut.  It  is  the  most  floriferous 
of  the  New  Zeal."ind  Veronicas,  and  continues 
the  longest  time  in  flower.  Seedlings  come  up  round 
it,  which  flower  the  first  year,  and  it  grows  from  cut- 
tings very  readily.  The  flowers  are  very  pretty  for 
decoration.  A  dozen  or  more  bushes  of  it  are 
all  quite  covered  with  flowers  here  at  present,  and 


gardens  where  the  soil  is  light,  and  the  weeding 
judiciously  conducted,  plants  are  constantly  supplied 
by  self-grown  seedlings ;  here  it  requires  cultivation, 
and  as  it  is  a  short-lived  plant,  which  fact  ac- 
counts for  its  being  so  scarce.  I  will  say  a 
few  words  about  its  management.  Seed  is  sown  in  a 
pan  in  early  spring,  and  seedlings,  as  many  as  are 


second,  after  which  it  generally  dies.  A  two-year- 
old  plant  makes  a  globe  of  flower  4  feet  in  diameter.. 
Its  uses  in  decoration  are  great ;  arranged  like  light 
muslin  drapery  to  tone  down  the  glare  of  gaudy 
Carnations,  it  is  very  pretty  ;  a  plant  of  it  does  not 
give  as  much  trouble  to  raise  as  a  Cockscomb  or  a 
Balsam,  and  is  worth  a  houseful  of  either." 


224 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AcGDST  20,  1887. 


The  Potato  Crop.  —The  reports  which  we  are 
enabled  to  lay  before  our  readers  as  to  the  condition 
and  prospects  of  the  Potato  crop  throughout  the 
country  are  such  as  might  have  been  anticipated 
from  tlie  season.  The  early  crops  have  been  light, 
and  the  late  ones,  though  generally  looking  well, 
show  a  tendency  towjrds  supertuberation  which  will 
of  course  increase  should  rain  set  in.  Flowering  has 
been  profuse,  and  so  far  as  we  have  observed,  quite 
indicative  of  the  view  that  but  one  species  has  fur- 
nished the  cultivated  variety.  Disease  is  con- 
spicuous by  its  absence — a  fact  which  we  may  con- 
gratulate ourselves  upon — while  those  members  of  the 
Scientific  Committee  wlio  took  so  much  pains  and 
labour  to  investigate  the  matter  during  two  seasons 
will  be  glad  that  they  did  not  add  a  third  season  of 
note-taking  and  report-making  to  the  other  two. 
Scotland  and  Lincolnshire  both  promise  well,  but 
the  Scilly  Islands,  Guernsey,  and  Jersey,  have  suf- 
fered from  the  phenomenal  drought.  We  commend 
to  our  readers  these  notes  on  this  important  crop, 
and  especially  those  from  the  pen  of  jlr.  William 
Miller  (Warwickshire),  and  from  our  correspondents 
in  the  Channel  Islands.  We  need  not  be  distressed 
at  the  small  size  of  the  tubers  if  the  percentage  pro- 
portion of  starch  in  them  be  high.  Big  tubers,  it 
must  be  remembered,  often  mean  much  water.  We 
hope  some  of  our  experimentalists  are  at  work  on 
this  question.  If  heat  and  sunlight  be  favourable  to 
starch-formation,  as  they  undoubtedly  are,  the  per- 
centage of  starch  should  be  high,  provided,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  deficiency  of  water  has  not  proved 
prejudicial.  Again,  looking  to  the  generally  fine, 
well-developed  haulm,  starch-formation  should  have 
gone  on  freely.  Some  of  the  starch  will  be  used  up 
in  flower-formation,  and  still  more  in  the  ripening 
of  the  seed-berry. 

The  Weather.  —  The  highest  temperature 
observed  this  summer  at  Ghent,  according  to  the 
Bulletin  d'Arhoricidhirc,  was  95°  F.,  on  June  15 ;  and 
about  the  same  height  has  been  reached  on  several 
occasions.  As  an  antithesis  to  this  excessive  heat 
by  day,  has  been  the  occasional  low  temperature  by 
night.  Several  times  in  July  the  thermometer  went 
doivn  below  freezing-point.  As  in  this  country,  the 
extremes  of  temperature  have  been  corelated  with 
extreme  drought — we  have,  in  fact,  had  a  prairie 
summer.  Only  a  few  nights  ago  frost  was  recorded 
in  several  localities  in  this  countr)-,  sufficient,  as  we 
learn  from  our  correspondents,  to  blacken  the  tops 
of  the  Potatos,  and  this  while  in  the  day  the  sun  has 
been  almost  hot  enough  to  roast  them  !  As  we  write 
a  change  has  come— cooler  temperature,  a  thunder- 
storm, and  a  deluge  of  rain. 

A  Tribute  of  Gratitude.— Mr.  Pennv,  Gar- 
dener ;to  His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
and  to  whom  the  inception  of  the  Gardeners'  Orphan 
Fund  is  mainly  due,  requests  ns  to  publish  the 
following  letter  : — 

"  To    THE    GaKDENEHS   OF   ENGLAND. 

"  Owing  to  the  pressure  of  business  at  the  time 
of  the  Gardeners'  Benevolent  Anniversary,  I  was 
unable  to  attend  it,  but  having  read  the  speeches  on 
that  occasion,  and  the  success  attending  the  meet- 
ing, I  am  bound  in  gratitude  to  sav  a  few  words  to 
you,  my  fellow-workers,  on  this  subject.  This  vear 
the  death  of  our  worthy  friend  and  brother, 
'  Stevens,  of  Trentham,'  as'  he  was  called  amongst 
the  fraternity,  suggested  to  me  what  a  boon  "an 
Orphanage  would  be  in  the  event  of  such  a  dis- 
tressing thing  happening  to  one  of  us,  who,  perhaps, 
had  had  no  chance  of  providing  for  a  family,  espe- 
cially as  we  all  know  how  little  chance  gardeners 
have  of  saving  money,  I  am  glad  to  sav  it  has  begun 
well,  land  I  feel  sure  it  will  prosper. '  But  what  I 
want  most  'to  notice  is  the  speech  of  the  Chairman 
at  the  Gardeners'  Benevolent  dinner,  and  the  way  he 
spoke  of  gardeners.  After  such  remarks,  I  say  we 
gardeners  are  blessed  with  many  friends,  and  that 
our  serrices  are  well  appreciated.  There  is  one  other 
speech  I  must  refer  to,  that  of  the  President  of  the 
Orphan  Fund— why,  these  two  gentlemen  have  testi- 
fied more  to  the  worth  of  gardeners  as  a  body  than 
any  one  I  have  heard  speak  on  the  same  subject.  We 
are  apt  sometimes  to  feel  discontented,  but  we  must 


discard  these  ideas  of  murmuring,  especially  as  the 
depression  is  so  great  that  it  must  affect  us  one  and 
all  in  one  way  or  another.  Charles  Penny." 

Royal  Horticultural  Society.— On  Tues- 
day next,  the  23rd  inst.  the  Fruit  and  Floral  Com- 
mittees will  meet  at  11  a.m.  in  the  conservatory. 
The  National  Co-operative  Flower  Show,  to  be  held 
on  that  day  under  the  auspices  of  this  Society,  will 
be  open  to  the  public  at  1  p.m.  at  the  reduced  charge 
of  6d.  There  will  be  a  Conference  at  3  p.m. 
in  the  Upper  West  Quadrant,  when  the  subject  for 
discussion  will  be  "  Possibilities  of  Co-operative 
Allotments  and  Associated  Gardens  " :  by  Edwaed 
Owen  Greening. 

Tobacco  Crop.— We  understand  that  any  one 
wishing  to  see  the  Tobacco  crop  at  Messrs.  Carters' 
ground,  near  Bromley,  Kent,  can  obtain  an  order  to 
view  by  applving  to  the  firm  at  237  and  23S,  High 
Holborn,  W.C. 

Le  Cercle  Horticole  Van  Houtte  of 
LedebERG.— Mr.  A.  DHaene,  President  of  the 
Cercle,  informs  us  that  the  first  exhibition  of  plants 
and  flowers  is  arranged  to  take  place  on  August  28, 
in  the  saloon  of  the  Town  Hall  at  that  place. 

Knole  House,  SevenOAKS,  the  country  seat 
of  Lord  Sackville,  and  one  of  the  finest  Elizabethan 
or  Jacobean  mansions  in  the  kingdom,  narrowly 
escaped  total  destruction  by  fire  on  Tuesday  last. 

Mr.  Charles  Whitehead,  of  Barming  House, 

Maidstone,  has  been  appointed  Agricultural  Adviser 
to  the  Lords  of  the  Committee  of  Council  on  Agri- 
culture. 

Dr.  Albert  Kellogg.— We  leam  from  a  Ger- 
man source  that  this  gentleman,  well  known  in  con- 
nection with  Californian  botany,  died  at  Alameda  on 
March  31  last. 

Tender  for  Bulbs.''—  We  understand  that 
the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works  have  accepted  the 
tender  of  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams,  Victoria  and  Paradise 
Nurseries,  Upper  HoUoway,  for  supplying  Hyacinths, 
Tulips,  Narcissus,  Crocus,  &c.,  for  the  Victoria  Em- 
bankment, Leicester  Square,  Finsbury  Park,  and 
Southwark  Park,  and  other  open  spaces  under  the 
care  of  the  Board.  We  learn  also  that  Her  Majesty's 
Commissioners  for  Public  Works  have  accepted  the 
tender  of  Messrs.  .Tames  Carter  &  Son,  of  High 
Holborn,  London,  for  tlie  supply  of  bulbs  for  planting 
in  Hyde  Park,  Kegent's  Park,  Battersea  Park,  Vic- 
toria Park,  Kensington  Park,  Kennington  Park,  and 
in  the  grounds  of  Hampton  Court  Palace  and  the 
Bethnal  Green  Museum. 

Royal  Purveyors.— Messrs.  William  Fell  & 
Co..  Hexham,  liave  received  the  Royal  warrant 
appointing  them  seedsmen  and  nurserymen  to 
H.K.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales. 

Why  ?— Whether  a  satisfactory  reply  be  obtain- 
able or  not,  it  is  always  well  to  keep  this  question 
before  us  when  dealing  with  facts.  Jlr.  Bdrbidoe 
sends  us  from  Dublin  specimens  of  the  banded 
Rush,  in  which  broad  belts  of  green  alternate  regu- 
larly with  narrow  belts  of  yellow.  In  the  former  the 
green  colouring  matter  is  present  in  large  quantities 
— in  the  latter  it  is  not.  Why  this  regular  alter- 
nation of  coloured  and  colourless  rings  ?  Can  any 
one  suggest  a  reasonable  explanation  ? 

The   Pharmaceutical  Society.— Mr.  .L  R. 

Green  has  been  appointed  Professor  of  Botany  to 
the  Society,  in  the  room  of  Professor  Bentlkv, 
resigned. 

Clove  Carnation  Mrs.  Reynolds  Hole.— 

From  Messrs.  James  Dickson  &  Sons.  Newton 
Nurseries,  Chester,  we  have  received  samples  of  this 
new  Carnation  certificated  recently  at  Manchester 
(on  the  22nd  ult.),  and  more  recently  at  South  Ken- 
sington and  at  Liverpool,  as  Gravetye   Gem.     We 


pointed  out  the  synonymy  at  p.  140,  and  we  now 
learn  that  Messrs.  Dickson  intend  to  retain  the- 
original  name  of  the  flower,  viz.,  Mrs.  Reynolds- 
Hole.  It  is  of  an  effective  colour  (pale  terra-cotta), 
very  free,  with  solid  petal,  and  good  pod,  and  is  likely 
to  meet  with  much  approval. 

Flowers  in  Season.— For  flowers  of  Phae- 
dranassa  chloracea  ive  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Burbidge. 
They  are  borne  in  clusters,  pendulous  from  the  top 
of  a  spike,  as  in  Clivia,  and  are  of  a  rich  crimson 
colour  tipped  with  green.  As  a  contrast  to  the 
yellow  Urceolina  pendula  this  is  very  effective. 

A  Concert  Beneath  a  Rose  Bush.— The 

Dutch  horticultural  journal  Sempervirens  relates  that 
a  concert  was  lately  given  in  the  garden  of  Madame 
Revnen,  at  Roosteren,  in  Lemburg,  the  peiformers, 
thirty  in  number,  being  placed  beneath  the  shelter 
of  a  weeping  Rose,  the  head  of  which  measures 
20  metres  in  circumference  It  is  calculated  that 
there  were  at  least  10,000  Roses  open  on  the  tree 
on  that  evening  (July  3). 

Tuberous  Begonia.— An  enormous  bloom, 
single,  bright  crimson,  was  on  Thursday  last  sent  by 
Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  for  our  in- 
spection. For  size  it  exceeds  anything  of  the  kind 
we  have  yet  seen,  being  bh  inches  in  diameter. 

EdMOND  BOISSIER.— a  bust  of  this  eminent 
botanist  has,  says  the  Eeimr  Hortieole,  been  erected 
in  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Geneva. 

Water  for  Nothing.— One  of  the  "awaken- 
ings "  we  remember  to  have  felt  when  coming  as  a 
raw  lad  from  the  country  to  London  was  caused  by 
the  discovery  that  water  had  to  be  paid  for.  Up  to- 
that  time  we  had  foolishly  imagined  that  fresh  air, 
sunlight,  and  water  were  God's  free  gifts  to  all  man- 
kind in  town  or  country  alike,  or  at  any  rate  that 
they  were  to  be  had  at  the  expense  of  a  little  pleasant 
labour.  To  lower  a  bucket  into  a  well  and  draw  it 
up  full  of  the  clear  sparkling  liquid  was  a  delight, 
while  a  turn  at  the  pump-handle  was  in  those  days 
looked  on  as  pleasant  exercise.  It  is  long  since  such 
visions  were  washed  away  by  the  water-rate  collector, 
while  the  experience  of  the  present  summer  enables 
one  to  realise  to  some  extent  what  it  is  to  be  without 
water.  A  serious  drought  is  in  this  country  so  un- 
usual th.1t  it  is  hardly  surprising  that  we  make  little 
or  no  efforts  (beyond  the  range  of  water  companies) 
to  lay  np  for  a  dry  day.  Nevertheless,  this  year's 
experience  shows  the  importance  of  this  matter  of 
precaution,  while  at  no  time  or  place  is  pure  rain- 
water for  house  consumption  too  plentiful.  On  this 
account  we  welcome  the  re-appearance  of  Mr. 
Shirley  Hibberd's  pamphlet  on  Water  for  Nothing. 
Mr.  Hibberd's  proposal  is  simply  to  collect,  purify, 
and  store  the  blessed  rain  from  heaven,  and  in  the 
pamphlet  before  us  he  shows  us  how  it  may  be  done. 
The  expression  "  inches  of  rain  "  does  not  convey  to 
the  unscientific  reader  the  fact  that  an  inch  of  rain 
per  acre  means  101  tons  of  water,  and  even  that 
makes  less  impression  than  tlie  statement  that  1  inch- 
depth  of  rain  falling  on  the  surface  of  an  acre  means 
a  quantity  equal  to  considerably  more  than  20,000' 
gallons.  A  rainfall  of  a  tenth  of  an  inch  would  at 
that  rate  yield  2000  gallons.  On  Wednesday  evening, 
we  may  here  say,  the  neiglibourhood  of  the  metro- 
polis was  visited  with  a  severe  thunderstorm  and) 
copious  rain.  Nearly  2  inches  of  rain  fell  within  an 
hour,  and,  from  our  system  of  taking  our  chance, 
was  perforce  allowed  to  run  away,  or,  even  worse — 
to  burst  our  sewers,  and  convert  the  Underground 
Railway  into  a  cloaca  vmxima  ;  and  we  call  ourselves 
a  practical  people !  Mr.  Hibberd's  paper  may  be 
had  for  a  few  pence  from  E.  W.  Allek,  4,  Ave 
Maria  Lane,  London. 

Dry  Weather  Foliage  of  the  Compass 

Plant.— Tliis  immediate  section  [Iowa.  U.S.]  has 
been  subjected  to  a  prolonged  and  severe  drought. 
There  has  been  not  far  from  1  inch  of  rainfall  since 
the  last  snowstorm  of  early  March.     In  addition  to 


AnoCTST  20,  1887.] 


TEE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


225 


this  we  had  a  very  dry  summer  and  autumn  last 
year,  so  that  the  rainfall  has  been  unusually  light  for 
a  whole  year.  Nearly  all  the  wells  that  never  fail  in 
ordinary  seasons  are  now  dry,  and  the  college 
campus  exhibits  the  strange  appearance  of  a  brown 
and  apparently  lifeless  turf  studded  with  dwarf  red 
■Clover  plants,  which  are  in  feeble  bloom.  The  leaves 
npon  trees  and  shrubs  are  fewer  than  usual  and  much 
reduced  in  size.  There  are  a  few  kinds  of  plants 
that  seem  to  florish  under  the  peculiar  arid  conditions 
which  now  obtain,  but  even  these  are  somewhat 
■changed  in  their  general  appearance.  The  foliage 
of  the  Compass  plant  (Silphium  laciniatum,  L.)  is 
particularly  noticeable  at  this  time.  The  leaves  of 
this  Composite  have  a  strikingly  refreshingly  glossy 
green,  which  is  in  sharp  contrast  with  the  surrounding 
dwaifed  and  dried  herbage.  But  when  the  foliage 
is  compared  with  that  of  its  owu  species  in  former 
years,  a  great  change  is  seen.  There  may  not  be 
very  much  difterence  in  the  relative  size  of  the  leaves 
•of  this  year  with  those  of  last  season,  but  they  are 
more  numerous,  and  each  leaf  exposes  far  less  sur- 
face to  the  hot,  drying  sun.  In  short,  the  average 
leaf  of  this  Silphium  is  reduced  to  the  midrib,  with 
a  thin  web  of  green  tissue  ujion  each  side,  and  its 
many  lateral  veins  and  their  sub-veins  bearing  nar- 
row ribbons  of  pulpy  tissue.  In  other  words,  tlie 
foliage,  true  to  the  specific  name,  is  very  thoroughly 
slashed  or  laciniated.  A  protracted  search  was  re- 
warded by  finding  only  two  leaves  which  exhibited 
the  broad  and  comparatively  simple  blade  so  fre- 
quently met  with  in  ordinary  seasons.  There  are 
some  plants  which  grow  in  a  grass  field  near  a  walk 
frequently  passed  over  by  the  writer,  and  these  liave 
been  watched  for  the  last  two  years.  These  same 
plants  have  now  produced  twice  pinnately  parted 
leaves,  which  last  year,  and  in  1S85,  produced  several 
radical  leaves,  with  broad  surfaces  interspersed  with 
the  *'  holes,"  or  vacant  places  in  the  lamina;  so  fam- 
iliar to  every  botanist  in  the  West.  Tliere  is  also  a 
difference  in  the  position  which  these  much  laciniated 
leaves  assume.  They  are  numerous,  without  the 
rigidity  of  normal  leaves,  and  assume  a  curved  or 
drooping  attitude.  More  than  this,  they  curve  out- 
ward and  downward  about  equally  from  all  sides  of 
the  centre  of  the  plant.  In  other  words,  in  the  pre- 
sent condition  of  the  plant  there  is  very  little  indi- 
■cation  of  polarity,  and  the  weary  traveller  over  the 
-dry  and  scorching  prairie  would  now  find  a  better 
guidance  by  noting  the  position  of  the  unclouded 
sun  than  to  try  to  gain  his  "reckoning"'  by  relying 
upon  the  Compass  plant.  Byron  D,  Hahted,  Botanical 
Laboratory,  Anies,  la.,  in  "Botanical  Gazette.'^ 

Sir  Julian  van  HaaST.— A  Reuters  telegram 
from  Wellington  states  that  Sir  Jdlian  van  Haast, 
Director  of  the  Canterbury  Museum,  who  lately 
■visited  England  as  Commisssioner  in  charge  of  the 
New  Zealand  exhibits  at  the  Colonial  and  Indian 
Exhibition,  has  died  suddenly  of  heart  disease. 

Agricultural  Produce.— The  London  Gazette 

gives  the  following  account  showing  the  quantities  of 
certain  kinds  of  agricultural  produce  imported  into 
the  United  Ivingdom  in  the  week  ended  August  13, 
1887,  together  with  the  quantities  imported  in  the 
corresponding  week  of  the  previous  year  : — 


Quantities. 

1886. 

1887. 

Vegetables  :— 

ODions,  raw     

Bushels. 

91,843 

73,913 

Potatos  

Cwt. 

48,287 

20,113 

Unemunerated           

Value  £ 

15,215 

19,231 

Corn,  Grain,  Meal  and  Flour  :— 

Wheat 

Cwt. 

931,961 

1,287,887 

Barley 

77,879 

233,348 

Oats        

218,959 

296,851 

Pea3       

63,637 

70,920 

Beans     

66.989 

46,508 

Maize     

830,307 

7-39,776 

Wheat,  Meal,  and  Flour      ... 

104,870 

300,223 

MR.  WILSON'S  WISLEY 
GARDEN. 
Those  who  saw  the  beginning  of  Mr.  G.  F.  Wil- 
son's garden  at  Wisley  some  five  or  si.x  years  ago, 
were  perhaps  doubtful,  as  I  was  at  the  time,  if  he 
would  ever  succeed  in  transforming  such  a  wild  and 
uncultivated  tract  of  ground  into  a  garden.  There 
was  just  a  bare  hillside,  the  soil  of  which  was  too 
poor  to  carry  a  decent  farm  crop,  and  a  plantation  of 
Oaks  mostly  half  grown,  and  with  a  tangled  under- 
growth that  made  the  place  look  more  neglected  than 
it  really  was.  What  can  be  accomplished  with  such 
a  place  -with  well  directed  labour  and  patience  is 
shown  by  the  results  here,  for  the  garden— for  garden 
it  certainly  is— may  be  said  to  be  one  of  the  most  m- 
teresting  to  the  lover  of  hardy  plants  anywhere  in 
the  country,  ilr.  Wilson  has  taken  advantage  of 
even  what  seemed  to  be  the  defects  of  the  place. 
The  dry  hillside  he  has  clothed  with  plants  of  all 
descriptions  that  are  suitable  for  such  a  spot,  the 
wood  he  has  thinned  so  as  to  let  in  more  light;  he 
has  thoroughly  drained  it,  for  it  is  at  the  foot  of  the 
hill,  and  collects  all  the  water  from  the  surrounding 
high  land.  This  draining  has  been  done  in  a  simple 
yet  efficient  way  by  cutting  deep  open  ditches  in  all 
directions— the  soil  out'ofthe  drains  being  put  on  the 
sides  to  form  banks,  and  these  are  clothed  with  the 
seedling  growth  of  Ferns,  Rhododendrons  and  a  host 
of  other  plants  that  have  become  naturalised 
in  the  wood.  The  water  collected  in  the  drains 
is  conducted  to  an  open  pool,  which  for 
growing  aquatics  and  bog  plants  is  invaluable. 
When  I  saw  the  garden  a  short  time  ago  the  whole 
hillside  was  lit  up  with  the  colours  of  numberless 
kinds  of  plants,  not  represented  merely  by  one  or  two 
plants  but  great  masses,  and  all  for  the  most  part 
growing  in  great  luxuriance.  From  the  hillside  one 
turned  to  the  wood,  which  was  more  sober  in  colour 
effect,  yet  alive  with  interest  and  beauty,  for  one  saw 
masses  of  the  American  Lilies,  such  as  L.  pardalinum, 
L.  superbum,  L.  Humholdti,  L.  canadense,  and  L. 
parvum,  with  their  tall  wand-like  stems,  carrying 
elegant  clusters  of  turban-shaped  flowers  waving  in 
the  wind.  The  whole  place  is  one  great  wild  garden — 
wood  garden  or  natural  garden,  whichever  term  one 
thinks  proper  to  use  ;  Mr.  Wilson  prefers  to  call  it 
his  experimental  garden,  for  ever  since  he  began  it 
he  lias  been  experimenting  with  open-air  plants  of 
all  kinds,  planting  them  under  various  conditions,  in 
order  to  prove  under  what  conditions  certain  plants 
thrive  best.  lie  has  not  aimed  at  effect,  yet  this  has 
come  naturally,  or  rather  accidentally,  for  nothing  in 
the  way  of  hardy  flower  gardening  can  be  more  im- 
pressively effective  than  large  gatherings  of  onekind 
of  plants,  such  as  are  seen  here.  For  instance,  the 
Lilies  of  all  kinds,  and  especially  L.  auratum,  can  be 
counted  by  the  thousand  ;  and  scarcely  less  numerous 
are  the  plantations  of  Iris  Kajmpferi,  which  make 
the  man'ins  of  the  open  pool  bright  with  the 
various  shades  of  purple  and  violet  and  pure  white. 
The  Iris  Kcempferi.at  the  time  of  my  visit,  was  the 
most  remarkable  feature  of  the  place,  and  never 
before  had  I  seen  it  growing  in  such  luxuriance  or 
flowering  so  abundantly.  The  plants  all  ranged 
from  2  to  3  feet  high,  and  formed  quite  a  broad  fringe 
to  the  pool,  and  so  near  the  water  were  they  that  at 
times  they  must  be  partially  submerged.  During 
this  dry  spell  the  Irises  have  kept  fresh  and  green 
in  this  spot,  but  where  they  are  planted  in  higher 
and  drier  places  they  have  turned  yellowish,  and 
otherwise  sliow  that  the  dry  weather  does  not  suit 
them.  Mr.  Wilson  raised  all  his  Irises  from  seed, 
and  that  accounts  for  the  multitude  of  varieties  he 
has.  His  collection  seems  to  comprise  every  colour 
that  has  been  exhibited,  besides  some  exquisitely 
pencilled  sorts  which  I  had  not  hitherto  seen  ;  some 
of  the  flowers  were  enormous,  measuring  from  6  to 
8  inches  across,  and  with  such  broad,  overlapping 
sepals  as  to  make  a  perfectly  symmetrical  bloom. 
Besides  the  flowering  Irises  there  are  hundreds,  and 
perhaps  thousands,  of  tiny  seedlings  one  year  and 
two  years  old,  which  form  a  growth  like  sedges 
around  the  pond.     Then,  in  the  seed-beds  on  the 


hillside  one  sees  tiny  plants  of  Irises  just  germi- 
nated, and  these  in  turn  will  be  plai.tod  around  the 
pond.  I  gathered  from  this  great  success  in  gro>, 
ing  Iris  Kaimpferi  that  it  must  have  a  damp  spot 
where  its  roots  may  be  constantly  moist ;  an  open 
airy  situation,  yet  sheltered  from  strong  winds. 

Lilies,  as  one  m.iy  suppose,  predominate  every- 
where, and  perhaps  Mr.  Wilson  could  not  have 
chosen  a  better  spot  than  this  for  the  culture  of  his 
favourite  family,  whose  wants  are  so  varied.  He  can 
grow  any  Lily  here,  for  he  has  shade  and  exposure, 
a  heavy  soil  and  a  light,  and  a  damp  and  a  dry. 
The  American  Lilies,  that  delight  in  partial  shade, 
and  require  a  moist  root-run,  are  confined  mostly  to 
the  wood,  and  very  charming  they  look,  rising  in 
great  masses  above  the  undergrowth  of  Rhododen- 
drons, Kalmias,  Skimmias,  Andromedas,  and  a  mul- 
titude of  similar  evergreen  shrubs.  The  stems  of 
L.  superbum  are  as  much  as  9  feet  high,  and  L.  par- 
dalinum, and  its  varieties,  californicum  and  Richardi. 
are  about  as  tall.  They  love  the  flickering  shade  of 
this  Oak  wood,  and  the  moist  and  rich  vegetable 
mould,  which  is  several  feet  in  depth,  the  accumu- 
lation of  centuries.  L.  Ilumboldti  I  never  saw  finer 
than  in  the  wood,  which  is  evidently  the  proper  place 
for  it,  for  instead  of  its  stem-leaves  being  withered 
at  flowering  time,  as  it  generally  is  when  grown  in 
the  open,  they  were  quite  fresh  and  green.  The 
lovely  old  white  Lily,  L.  candidum,  is  well  known  to 
be  somewhat  capricious ;  and  even  in  this  garden  of 
Lilies,  where  everything  possible  is  done  for  their 
requirements,  it  has  given  some  trouble,  though  in 
an  open  spot  in  the  wood  Mr.  Wilson  had  a  very 
vigourous  group  in  fiower,  with  stems  furnished  with 
green  foliage  from  top  to  bottom.  Among  the  rarer 
Lilies  in  bloom  was  the  beautiful  L.  philadelphicum, 
a  common  Lily  in  the  Eastern  United  States,  but 
seldom  seen  in  gardens.  L.  polyphyllum,  of  the 
Himalayas,  also  uncommon,  was  finely  in  bloom, 
and  the  conditions  under  which  it  was  grow- 
ing are  worth  noting.  It  was  on  a  dry  mound, 
tliat  had  become  baked  so  hard  by  sun  and 
drought  that  it  was  a  diflicult  matter  for 
the  dagger-like  "  Wilson  Digger "  to  penetrate  it. 
Upon  this  mound  was  a  plant  carrying  two  stems 
each  nearly  6  feet  high  and  botli  with  thirteen  fine 
flowers.  This  is  Mr.  Wilson's  best  success  in  grow- 
ing this  rare  Lily,  which  is  also  one  i  the  most 
beautiful  and  distinct.  It  lias  large  turb.in  shaped 
flowers,  greenish-white  and  copiously  spotte,  in 
freckled  with  purple.  Such  Lilies  as  L.  auratum. 
L,  tigrinum  and  speciosum  are,  of  course,  seen  in 
large  masses,  and  therefore  have  a  telling  eflect 
when  in  bloom.  Some  of  the  plantations  of  L. 
auratum  are  wonderful,  the  stems  being  1  inch  thick 
and  from  8  to  10  feet  high.  The  finest  are  those 
grown  in  spots  sheltered  from  wind  and  partially 
shaded,  but  here  one  may  see  the  Golden  Lily  grow- 
ing well  under  all  conditions,  in  shade  and  out  of 
shade,  on  high  ground  and  on  low.  so  that  it  is  a 
diflicult  matter  to  say  which  spot  is  most  suitable. 
The  exquisitely  beautiful  L.  Krameri,  with  flowers 
almost  as  large  and  quite  as  open  as  L.  auratum,  I 
never  saw  finer  than  in  the  partial  shade  of  the  wood. 
The  delicate  pink  flowers  are  so  different  from  all 
others  that  even  in  this  paradise  of  Lilies  they  attract 
special  notice.  The  soil  these  fine  specimens  of 
Krameri  were  growing  in  is  a  deep  vegetable  mould 
mixed  with  loam,  which  seems  to  be  just  what  this 
Lily  likes.  The  nankeen  coloured  L.  testaceum  is 
a  favourite  at  Wisley,  and  one  sees  great  masses  of  it 
on  the  open  hillside  here,  standing  out  boldly  by 
itself,  then  intermixed  with  some  graceful-leaved 
plant  or  shrub,  but  in  whatever  position  it  is,  has  a 
beautiful  effect.  In  a  sheltered  corner  between  the 
Furze  hedges  that  intersect  the  hillside  there  were 
some  wonderfully  fine  plants  of  the  black  and  white 
Martagon  Lilies.  The  first,  usually  called  dalma- 
ticum,  is,  I  think,  one  of  the  best  of  all  Lilies  when 
grown  as  here,  for  it  has  tall  slender  stems,  termi- 
nated by  quite  pyramidal  turban  blooms,  almost 
black,  and  shining  as  if  varnislivtl.  All  the  Martagons 
seem  to  prefer  a  stiff  soil,  and  are  partial  to  a  little 
shelter  from  winds. 

One  might  go  on  talking  about  the  Wisley  Lilies 


226 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AcocsT  20,  1887. 


alone  ami  leave  no  space  for  notes  upon  the  many 
otiier  havdy  rJonts  r.i.i.i>  were  so  exceptionally  fine, 
^.^agu  the  Irises  and  Lilies  at  the  time  of  my  visit 
were  the  great  features  of  the  place.  One  of  the 
most  noteworthy  among  others  was  Meconopsis 
Wallichii,  which  could  not  well  be  finer,  the  plants 
being  nearly  6  feet  high,  and  very  profusely  flowered. 
The  majority  of  the  specimens  were  of  the  variety 
named  fusco-purpurea,  on  account  of  the  flowers 
being  of  a  reddish-purple  instead  of  porcelain-blue, 
the  colour  of  the  typical  form.  The  finest  Meco- 
nopsis I  saw  at  Wisley  were  growing  in  partially 
shaded  and  quite  sheltered  spots,  and  being  on  tlie 
sloping  hillside  the  soil  is  thoroughly  drained ; 
hence  the  plants  pass  througli  the  winter  unscathed. 
There  is  a  vigorous  crop  of  this  year's  seedlings, 
which  will  malce  fine  flowering  specimens  next 
season. 

Passing  by  the  great  masses  of  the  commoner 
kinds  of  hardy  flowers  which  adorned  the  hillside 
jind  wood,  such  as  Delpliiniums,  Campanulas, 
Pelargoniums,  Eryngiums.  Pliloxes  and  others,  men- 
tion should  be  made  of  an  out-of-the-common 
plant,  which  is  Dianthus  Atkinsoni,  a  perennial 
Pink,  with  flowers  of  an  intense  crimson  —  richer 
in  colour,  in  fact,  than  any  other  I  know,  and 
ought  to  be  widely  known.  It  may,  I  think,  be 
bought  at  some  of  the  hardy  plant  nurseries.  Some 
of  the  slirubs  were  remarkable  for  their  large  size 
■on  the  hillside,  and  particularly  Kubus  odoratus,  a 
large-flowered  pink  Bramble  from  North  America. 
One  bush  of  it  was  quite  10  feet  through,  and  about  8 
feet  high.  But  among  the  shrubs  none  were  finer  than 
the  Clematises  and  cluster  Koses,  which  festooned 
all  the  hedges  about  the  place,  and  these  are  many, 
seeing  that  for  the  shelter  dense  hedges  of  dead 
furze  are  run  up  and  down  and  across,  so  as  to 
form  small  squares  in  which  to  raise  seedlings  of  all 
kinds  of  hardy  plants.  These  are  some  of  the  main 
points  of  this  "Wisley  'garden,  which  year  by  year 
will  grow  in  interest  and  beauty  at  the  hands  of 
such  an  enthusiast  as  its  owner.    VUitur. 


THE  GLASSHOUSES  AT  GREAT 
GEAPJES. 
The  ground-plan  shown  at  fig.  56,  is  that  of  a 
congeries  of  garden  structures  erected  a  few  years 
ago  by  F.  Whitbourne,  Esq.,  at  his  residence,  Great 
Gearies,  near  Ilford.  The  well-known  gardener  at  the 
place,  Mr.  James  Douglas,  furnishes  us  the  following 
details,  and  we  need  scarcely  to  remind  our  readers 
that  the  varied  contents  of  the  different  houses  afford 
on  every  hand  evidence  of  the  skill  brought  to  bear 
on  them.  With  regard  to  the  Grapes  gro^vn  at 
Great  Gearies,  it  would  be  impossible  to  find  gene- 
rally finer  bunches,  bigger  berries,  or  better  finish. 
Other  fruits,  including  Oranges,  are  quite  as  well 
done.  Orchids,  florists'  flowers  of  various  kinds, 
Amaryllis  in  large  numbers  and  hard-wooded  green- 
house plants  are  all  admirably  cultivated. 

The  vinery  at  the  back  is  90  feet  long,  in  three 
divisions  of  .30  feet  each.  The  early  house  is  planted 
with  Black  Hamburgh,  Buckland  Sweetwater,  Venn's 
Muscat,  and  Madresfield  Court  Muscat.  They  carried 
seven  bunches  each,  wliich  weighed,  the  lowest,  about 
\h  lb.,  the  heaviest,  between  4  and  5  lb. 

The  next  is  a  Muscat-house  ;  the  next,  a  late 
house,  containing  Foster's  White  Seedling,  Royal 
Vineyard,  Black  Hamburgh,  Venn's  Muscat,  Mrs. 
Pince,  Lady  Downe's,  and  Madresfield ;  these  last 
were  very  fine  in  bunch  and  berry.  The  range 
adjoining  is  60  feet  long,  and  is  in  two  divisions  ; 
the  houses  are  the  same  in  length  and  width.  In 
these,  Peaches,  planted  out,  are  grown  on  a  trellis, 
and  there  are  about  twenty  varieties  in  pots  ;  the 
best  are — Peaches :  Alexander,  Hale's  Early,  Early 
York,  Dr.  Hogg,  Bellegarde,  Grosse  Mignonne, 
Violette  Hative,  Princess  of  Wales,  Exquisite, 
Stirling  Castle,  Barrington,  and  Noblesse;  of  Nec- 
tarines, Lord  Napier,  Stanwick  EIruge,  Pine-apple 
EIruge,  Albert  Victor,  and  Victoria.  The  lean-to 
house  behind  the  Peacli-house,  devoted  to  cool 
Orchid  growing,  is  60  feet  long. 


The  range  of  span-roofed  houses  facing  the 
vineries  are  si.x  in  number.  Beginning  with  the  first 
on  the  west  side — that  is,  even  with  the  end  of  the  late 
vinery  :  this  used  as  an  Auricula-house  to  grow 
Cinerarias  and  other  plants  for  the  conservatory, 
The  next  house  was  heated  from  the  roof  as  well  as 
in  the  usual  way,  to  grow  zonal  Pelargoniums  in 
winter,  Bouvardias,  Tree  Carnations,  &c.,  in  a  dryish 
atmospliere  and  a  minimum  temperature  of  from 
60°  to  00°.  The  next  house  is  a  wide  one,  with  a 
stage  in  the  centre  and  also  round  the  sides  ;  it  is 
always  full  of  flowering  plants.  Pelargoniums. 
Fuchsias,  Lilies,  &c. 

The  next  is  of  a  corresponding  size,  the  internal 
arrangements  being  the  same,  and  it  is  filled  with 
Cattleyas  and  similar  plants  requiring  a  Mexican- 
house  temperature.  The  adjacent  house  is  in  two 
divisions,  one  for  East  Indian  Orchids,  and  contains 
Odontoglossum  Koezlii,  Saccolabiums,  Angrxcums, 
&c. ;  tlie  other  end  is  an  Amaryllis-house.  The  sixth 
house  corresponds  in  size  with  the  Auricula-house, 
and  is  for  Melons  and  Cucumbers,  the  other  end  is 


the  base  of  it,  and  the  crown  left  projecting  from  the 
mould.  The  compost  sheuld  be  made  moderately 
firm.  I  plunge  the  pots  containingthe  bulbs  in  some 
half-decayed  cocoa-nut  fibre  refuse.  The  bulbs  ought 
to  be  left  out-of-doors  in  tlie  plunging  material  for 
not  less  than  a  month,  and  by  that  time  the  roots  will 
have  run  well  through  the  soil  in  the  pots.  When 
roots  are  well  formed,  and  in  a  healthy  vigorous 
condition,  the  bnlbs  will  bear  forcing,  but  the  tem- 
perature should  not  be  high  to  start  with.  Although 
rich  potting  soil  may  have  been  used,  a  little  weak 
manure-water  occasionally  is  also  very  desirable, 
none  of  them  should  suS"er  in  the  least  for  want  of 
water  at  the  roots.  J.  Douglas. 

Thu  Pelargonium. 
It  is  a  pity  that  any  of  the  fickle  changes  of  fashion 
should  be  allowed  to  intrude  into  the  fair  domain 
of  our  gardens.  Few  flowers  surpass  the  show  and 
decorative  Pelargoniums ;  but  they  are  not  at  present 
the  favourites  of  fashion  or  fancy.  The  evidence  of  this 
is  to  be  found  in  the  greatly  diminished  number  of 


FlO.   56. — PLAN   or   GLASSHOUSES   AT   GKKAT   GEAKIES. 


for  Cyclamens  in  winter,  and  a  few  other  plants 
requiring  rather  more  heat  than  an  ordinary  green- 
house temperature. 


FLORISTS'  Flowers. 

THE  HYACINTH. 
The  catalogues  of  Dutch  bulbs  now  to  hand  re- 
mind us  that  it  is  time  to  make  preparation  for 
next  season's  display.  Those  who  are  behindhand 
with  any  part  of  their  work  are  not  likely  to  be 
very  successful  in  results.  I  have  been  preparing 
the  potting  soil  during  the  present  week,  and  follow- 
ing tlie  practice  of  the  Dutch  growers,  have  used 
cow-manure  with  excellent  results.  The  manure  is 
often  used  quite  fresh,  one  barrowload  of  it  to  two 
loads  of  loam  ;  add  further  one  load  of  sand  and 
one  of  leaf-mould.  This  mixture  is  laid  up  in  a  heap 
until  October,  when  the  lumpy  portion  of  it  is  broken 
up  by  the  hand,  and  the  whole  incorporated  by  turn- 
ing it  over  two  or  three  times.  The  process  of  pot- 
ting the  bulbs  is  simple  enough  :  one  bulb  is  placed 
in  a  5  or  6-inch  pot,  with  a  little  clean  sand  around 


plants  grown  for  sale  in  Covent  Garden  Market.  There 
is  no  diminution  in  the  number  of  plants  constantly 
pouring  into  the  market ;  but  there  is  constant 
variation  in  the  variety  of  subjects  dealt  in.  One  of 
the  largest  growers  told  me  that  he  could  obtain  in 
the  market  18s.  a  dozen  for  plants  that  did  not  cost 
so  much  to  grow  as  Pelargoniums,  for  which  he 
could  only  obtain  9s.  The  Pelargonium  Society, 
promoted  by  the  late  Dr.  Denny  and  other  ardent 
cultivators,  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the  culture 
of  all  the  sections  of  them,  and  the  marvellous 
examples  sent  to  the  exhibitions  held  by  the  above 
Society,  especially  those  in  6-inch  pots,  will 
remain  in  the  memory  of  those  who  were  pri- 
vileged to  behold  them.  Even  as  it  is,  there  are 
few  gardens  in  which  these  plants  are  not  grown,  and 
not  many  plants  make  a  more  brilliant  disjjlay  in 
the  greenhouse  during  May,  June,  and  July.  They 
are  usually  over  by  the  middle  of  the  last-named 
month  ;  but  this  year,  owing  to  the  late  season,  some 
of  the  varieties  have  lasted  to  the  end  of  the  month. 
During  the  last  week  in  July  I  cut  down  the  largest 
proportion  of  our  plants  ;  they  are  now  breaking  well 
out-of-doors,  and  in  a  week  or  ten  days  they  will  be 
shaken  out  and  repotted  into  smaller  [lots.     To  pre- 


AcGusT  20,  1887.] 


TEE     GABDENEIiS'     CHRONICLE. 


227 


Tent  bleeding  the  plants  ought  to  be  quite  dry  at  the 
roots  before  cutting  them  over,  and  they  may  remain 
■dry  for  two  or  three  days,  by  that  time  the  cut 
portions  will  be  healed  up.  At  one  time  there  were 
varieties  in  cultivation  which  might  be  termed  shy 
in  producing  flowers ;  now  they  have  been  discarded, 
And  only  varieties  with  good  habit  are  grown.  This 
being  the  case  a  mor^  generous  compound  may  be 
provided  to  grow  them  in  without  causing  a  too 
vigorous  lax  flowering  growth.  Four  parts  loam, 
■one  decayed  manure,  one  leaf-mould,  and  one  of 
«and — tliis  is  enough  for  the  first  potting ;  lor  the 
second  a  small  portion  of  crushed  bones  may  be 
added  to  the  above  mixture.  Place  the  plants  in  an 
airy  greenhouse  or  pit.  After  potting  do  not  water 
too  freely  until  roots  are  formed.  J.  Douglas, 


Foreign  Correspondence. 


BOTANIC    GARDEN,    ST.    PETERSBUKG. 

As  I  only  spent  three  days  in  the  garden  and  her- 
barium, my  attention  was  naturally  chiefly  confined 
to  the  particular  plants  which  had  special  interest 
for  me.  The  extent  of  ground  covered  by  the  gar- 
dens is  of  course  small  as  compared  with  Kew,  but 
the  collections  of  plants  will  vie  with  any  which  I 
have  seen  for  completeness,  as  well  as  for  their 
good  culture.  This  is  specially  noticeable  in  the 
houses,  and  shows  that  the  able  and  distinguished 
Director,  Dr.  von  Kegel,  takes  care  to  find  out  the 
cultural  requirements  of  the  different  plants,  as  well 
as  to  collect  and  publish  descriptions  of  new  species. 
This  good  cultivation  is  all  the  more  remarkable, 
owing  to  the  great  difficulties  which  have  to  be  over- 
come in  St.  Petersburg,  due  to  the  great  heat  in 
summer  and  the  intense  cold  in  winter.  I  noticed 
some  English  peat  in  the  garden,  which  showed 
that  the  plants  are  not  treated  on  the  system 
which  would  seem  to  be  prevalent  in  some 
Botanic  Gardens,  where  it  is  doubtless  found  as  effi- 
cacious in  keeping  plants  out  of  the  garden,  as  the 
same  system  when  applied  to  paupers  was  in  keeping 
the  workhouses  empty — the  system  of  giving  the 
plants  exactly  what  they  do  not  want. 

Among  plants  out-of-doors  I  specially  noticed  many 
Alliums ;  amongst  others.  Allium  galanthum,  A. 
■cceruleum,  A.  narcissiflorum,  A.  oreophilum,  A. 
Ostrowskianum,  seem  to  me  to  be  much  more  "  orna- 
mental "  than  most  of  the  genus  ;  Gentiana  phlogi- 
folia,  Kauffmanniana ;  a  new  Aster  from  Central 
Asia  apparently  allied  to  Aster  alpinus  ;  Rosarubri- 
folia,  Melampyrum  nemorosum,  various  species  of 
Eremurus,  and  many  others. 

My  visit  to  the  houses  under  the  guidance  of  Dr. 
Albert  von  Regel  and  Herr  Ender  was  so  hurried  that 
I  will  make  no  mentionof  special  plants,  and  only  say 
that  I  am  sure  any  of  your  readers  would  be  amply 
repaid  for  the  trouble  of  going  to  St.  Petersburg,  by 
the  rare  plants  he  would  find  there. 

In  the  herbarium  I  was  particularly  interested  by 
four  volumes  of  paintings  of  plants  which  had  flowered 
in  the  garden. 

I  must  not  finish  this  short  note  without  remarking 
•on  the  very  great  kindness  and  courtesy  I  met  with, 
from  the  Director  especially,  and  from  his  col- 
leagues.  Wilt.  Three  fall. 


PEKIWINKLE     DISEASE 

(PuccixiA  ViNC^,  Berk.). 
In  a  garden  in  this  neighbourhood  is  a  long  row 
of  Vinca  major,  the  greater  portion  of  which  is  this 
year  nearly  killed  by  the  attacks  of  the  parasitic 
fungus  known  as  Puccinia  vincx  of  Berkeley  (fig.  57). 
The  leaves  are  arrested  in  their  growtli,  and  do  not  ex- 
ceed those  of  Vinca  minor  ;  they  turn  yellow  and  die, 
and  the  whole  shoot,  instead  of  being,  as  usual,  several 
feet  long,  is  reduced  to  a  few  inches.  The  parasite 
covers  the  entire  under-surface  of  the  leaf  with  small 
brown  pustules,  which  occasionally  become  confluent ; 
none  occur  on  the  stem  or  petiole.      On  microscopic 


examination  each  pustule  is  seen  to  consist  of 
myriads  of  uni-cellular  ovate  stalked  spores,  the  con- 
dition at  present  being  that  described  as  uredo- 
spores,  and  has  been  called  Trichobasis  Vinciu,  Berk. 
This  form  is  represented  at  a,  fig.  58. 

Later  on,  thebilocular  teleutospores  forming  the 
true  I'uccinia  (n,  fig.  oS)  will  make  their  appearance, 
both  forms  being  commonly  found  in  the  sarae  i)us- 
tule,  when  the  season  is  sufficiently  advanced.    Puc- 


li:af  with  puccinia. 


cinia  Vinca;  is  not  usually  very  common.  I  have 
met  with  it  at  Glengariffe  and  Gorey — at  the  latter 
abundantly.  It  has  occurred  for  several  years  on  the 
row  of  plants  alluded  to.  but  they  were  never  so 
badly  affected  as  they  arr  this  season  ;  and  while 
one  plant  has  every  leaf  badly  diseased,  the  next  is 
perfectly  clean  and  healthy.  The  fungus  is  closely 
allied  to  the  dreaded  HoUyliock  disease,  Puccinia 
mulvacearum,  Corda,  which  is  now  extremely 
abundant   on   wild    JIallows   and   other   Malvaceae, 


as  well  as  on  Hollyhocks.  The  latter,  however,  has 
no  uredospores,  but  produces  teleutospores  only. 
Hence,  Mr.  Plowright  places  it,  in  his  classification 
of  the  Uredines,  in  his  group  Leptopuccinia,  while 
Puccinia  Vincie  is  placed  under  Hemipuccinia.  The 
figures  of  the  spores  are  drawn  to  the  same  scale  as 
those  which  so  often  appear  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  over  Mr.  W.  G.  Smith's  signature,  viz., 
400  diameters. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  this  disease  has 
occurred  so  virulently  elsewhere  this  year.  Green- 
wood Pirn,  ]\f.A,,  F.L.S.,  Monkstown,  Dublin. 


Home  Correspondence. 


DROUGHT  EXPERIENCES.— ily  observation  ofthe 
effects  of  the  drought  upon  vegetation  supports  the 
views  of  your  correspondent,  "  A.  B."  I  never 
remember  to  have  seen  standard  trees  in  East  Surrey 
look  healthier  at  this  season.  The  deep  green  of 
Fear  trees  and  ornamental  timber  is  very  noticeable. 
Apple  trees  have  suffered  most,  chiefly,  I  think,  from 
burning  sunshine  and  dryness  of  the  atmosphere. 
There  has  been  very  little  dew  this  summer.  Trees 
and  shrubs  planted  in  the  spring  have  suffered 
severely,  even  wlien  liberally  watered,  and  many 
nurserymen  have  a  sad  tale  to  tell  under  this  Iiead. 
Those  which  were  planted  early  last  autumn  have 
stood  the  drought  well.  Out  of  300  bush  fruit  trees 
planted  by  me  at  that  time  not  one  has  failed,  and 
some  are  bearing  good  crops  of  fruit.  I  believe  we 
owe  a  great  deal  to  the  heavy  snowfall  of  last 
winter  and  the  spring  rains,  which  thoroughly  satu- 
rated the  subsoil.  It  is  not  so  much  a  question  to 
the  horticulturist  of  the  quantity  of  i-ain  which  falls 
in  a  month  as  the  time  and  manner  of  falling.  The 
spring  rains  so  penetrated  the  ground  that  for  some 
time  I  found  it  to  be  too  wet  to  go  upon  it,  and  until 
quite  recently  the  subsoil  remained  fairly  moist. 
Vegetation  was  very  backward,  the  Hawthorns  not 
being  in  bloom  till  June,  so  that  the  store  of  moisture 
in  the  ground  was  not  drawn  upon  so  early  as  usual. 
I  conclude,  tlierefore,  that  the  falling  of  fruit,  &c., 
has  been  caused  by  fierce  sunshine,  unusual  dryness 
of  the  atmosphere,  and  insect  pests.  My  Pear  and 
Apple  trees  in  pots  cast  their  fruit  during  a  few  very 
hot  days,  in  spite  of  careful  watering  and  mulching. 
The  "  social  "  caterpillars  ate  the  Apple  leaves  faster 
than  my  men  could  clear  the  trees  of  these  destruc- 
tive pests,  and  now  the  larva;  of  the  Codlin  moth  are 
working  their  sweet  will  upon  the  finest  fruit.  We 
have  no  wasps,  even  in  the  fruiterers'  shops.  W 
East  Surrey. 

Notes  have  been  asked  for  of  the  eff'ects  of 

the  extraordinary  season  on  garden  products,  trees, 
&c.,  by  the  Editor,  to  which  I  beg  to  contribute  a  few 
notes.  Taking  the  pleasure  grounds  and  shubberies 
first — of  which  we  have  a  large  extent — it  was  note- 
worthy that  the  shrubs  bore  enormous  quantities  of 
bloom.  I  do  not  remember  their  being  so  full— the 
perfume  of  Lilies,  mock  Oranges,  scenting  the  air 
for  a  long  distance  oft';  nor  have  tliey  become 
defoliated  to  any  extent  as  in  former  years.  Other 
deciduous  trees  have  not  suffered  in  any  way  from 
the  drought.  I  planted  ^JOO  or  more  common  Yews 
at  the  end  of  Jlay;  they  were  slightly  dewed  over- 
head with  the  syringe  every  evening  through  the 
very  hot  weather,  and  have  made  capital  growth, 
our  losses  being  only  ten  trees.  Laurels  have  made 
large  growth,  as  also  Rhododendrons,  and  the  new 
growth  is  very  well  furnished  witli  flower-buds. 
Conifers  have  made  fine  growth,  and  seem  to  feel  but 
little  the  eff'ects  of  the  drought.  The  alpines  and 
Ferns  on  the  rockery  have  suffered  the  most,  many 
of  the  Ferns  prematurely  ripening  their  fronds,  and 
many  plants  have  had  to  be  watered  to  keep  them 
alive,  especially  Spira5as.  The  lawns  are  much  burned 
up,  but  the  occupants  of  the  flower-beds  have  done 
well,  the  plants  having  made  good  growth  and 
plenty  of  bloom.  In  the  kitchen  garden  Peas 
as  a  crop  have  been  good,  but  of  short  duration. 
We  are  using  at  the  present  time  Ne  Plus  Ultra 
variety,  which  is  carrying  well-filled  pods.  Runner 
Beans  are  full  of  bloom,  and  afford  a  sufficient 
supply,  the  drought  not  having  affected  them  in  the 
least.  Winter  stuffs  have  done  well,  being  watered 
only  once  —  at  the  time  of  planting.  French 
Beans  have  carried  lieavj-  crops.  Apples  are  rapidly 
swelling  to  a  large  size,  and  putting  on  good  colour- 
ing. Altogether,  we  have  but  little  to  complain  of; 
our  soil,  being  of  a  light  sandy  loam,  resting  on  the 
sandstone  rock,  is  naturally  cool,  so  that  all  kinds  of 
garden  produce  can  withstand  a  season  such  as  the 
present  without  feeling  any  serious  effects.  E.  Ward, 
HewcU,  Bromsgrorf.  [Some  of  our  correspondents' 
experiences  are  remarkable.  Here,  in  the  South, 
Runner  Beans  lost  much  of  the  early  bloom.  Peas 
have  scarcely  borne  a  quarter  crop;  Cauliflowers, 
Cabbages,  and  tlie  like,  have  a  steely  look,  and  are 
scarce  now,  and  not  palatable.  Ed.] 

Alpine  and  other  herbaceous  plants  have  had 

a  very  trying  summer,  it  having  been  a  matter  of  dif- 
fficulty  to  keep  many  species  alive.  The  exceptional 
duration  of  the  drought  has  shown,  on  the  other 
hand,  which  plants  are  best  adapted  for  growing  on 
dry  borders,  and  the  knowledge  gained  in  that  respect 
will  be  of  value  in  future  years.     The  rockery  has 


228 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  20,  1887. 


been  the  part  most  difficult  to  keep  gay;  the  mossy 
Saxifrages,  Sedums,  and  small  plants  generally  have 
been  almost  burnt  up  or  else  much  stunted  in  their 
growth.  The  plants  that  flowered  the  best  with  us 
ivereStaticeincananana,  S.  latifolia.Papaver  alpinuni, 
Eryngium  giganteum,  E.  amethystinum, Ononis  natrix. 
Antirrhinum  asarina,  a  good  plant  for  covering  bare 
places  ;  and  both  vai'ieties  of  Rosa  rugosa.  This  plant 
has  been  very  good  this  summer,  the  foliage  looking 
fresh  and  clean,  and  the  plants  are  rendered  very 
attractive  by  the  bright  red  fruits.  Amongst  the 
plants  flowering  best  in  the  open  borders  are  the  dif- 
ferent varieties  of  l^entstemon  pulchellus  ;  the  Tor- 
reyi  variety  of  P.  barbatus  (syn.  Cheloue  barbatus) 
has  been  flowering  well  with  us  since  June  :  it  is  a 
capital  plant  to  grow  amongst  white  Lilies,  its  small 
scarlet  flowers  showing  otf  to  perfection  when  con- 
trasted with  Lilinm  candidum.  Pentstemon  brevi- 
ilorus  is  a  good  plant  for  dry  borders,  but  requires 
protection  in  the  winter  ;  its  bright  yellow  flowers 
are  quite  distinct  from  any  other  Pentstmon.  Other 
plants  deserving  notice  as  withstanding  the  drought 
are,  Helenium  pumilum,  Catananche  cocrulea  and  C. 
bicolor,  Celsia  arcturus,  Erigeron  speciosum,  Gypso- 
phila  paniculata,  Achillea  ptarmica  flore-pleno,  A. 
agyptiaca,  Armeria  cephalotis,  QSnothera  speciosa, 
the  latter  a  charming  border  jjlant  with  large  pure 
white  flowers.  Lastly,  I  should  like  to  mention 
Zauschneria  califomica,  which  is  a  very  desirable 
plant  for  autumn  decoration  ;  it  is  perfectly  hardy 
and  flowers  in  almost  any  soil.  J.  W.  Odcll,  Barroio 
Point,  Pinner. 

The  Beech  and   Birch  trees  have  suft'ered 

very  much  at  this  ]>lace — in  fact,  so  much  so, 
•that  at  the  wish  of  my  employer  several  large 
trees  have  been  watered  to  try  to  keep  them 
alive.  Shrubs  tliat  were  planted  three  years  ago, 
and  Eliododendrons,  have  felt  the  drought  so 
much,  that  we  have  had  to  water  them  frequently  to 
ieep  them  alive.  Our  Apple  crop  is  very  poor,  all 
the  fruit  being  very  small.  Kitchen  garden  crops 
are  completely  dried  up.  Brussels  Sprouts  planted 
out  of  frame  early  in  spring  have  gone  to  seed  in- 
stead of  growing.  Turnips  are  a  complete  failure. 
Carrots  ai-e  also  vei'y  poor.  Early  Potatos  are  good, 
both  in  crop  and  in  quality.  Bedding  stuff  is  flowering 
well.  One  of  my  men  told  me  that  there  was  a 
white  frost  at  4  o'clock  tliis  morning  (Monday,  the 
16th  inst.).  A.  J.  Brown,  Lindfield,  Sussex. 

FRUIT    CROPS    IN   THE    BEDALE    DISTRICT.— In 

my  report  on  the  fruit  crop  in  the  north  of  Yorkshire, 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  last  week,  nearly  all 
were  reported  good  ;  the  only  drawback  that  we  have 
had  to  contend  with  is  the  long  drought,  which  is 
telling  heavily  on  all  crops.  I  stated  that  Apricots 
here  were  a  moderate  crop  in  our  heavy  soil ;  near 
lUs,  on  sandy  soil,  I  find  the  crop  is  good,  but  small. 
Bush  fruits  are  all  heavily  mulched  here,  conse- 
quently they  are  plentiful  and  very  fine.  Straw- 
berries suffered  most  and  required  constant  watering  ; 
Apples  and  Pears  are  a  good  croj),  and  are  watered 
constantly.  Red-spider  is  ruining  the  Apple  trees, 
;and  to  some  extent  the  Pears  are  sufi"ering,  but  those 
are  easier  to  syringe  than  the  Apple  trees.  Some 
sorts  of  Plums  are  good  here,  but  generally  they  are 
a  partial  crop.  Grass  and  all  kinds  of  green  crops 
-are  very  much  burnt  up,  and  there  is  no  wonder 
when  we  consider  that  we  are  9.^^  inches  of  rain  short 
in  the  present  year  ;  that  is  nearly  equal  to  950  tons 
of  water  short  on  every  acre  of  land  since  .January  1. 
This  will  account  for  the  great  scarcity  of  water  in 
the  springs:  nor  can  we  expect  a  change  until  after  the 
autumn  rains.  Many  of  the  trees  are  casting  their 
leaves  as  if  it  were  autumn.  Several  sorts  of  Apples 
have  dropped  the  fruit  from  drought,  until  the  crop  is 
nearly  all  gone.   William  Culvcrwcll,  Thorpe  Perrow. 

WATERING  OF  PLANTS.--I  thank  S.  Heaton  for 
his  courtesy.  Will  he  kindly  give  the  temperature 
of  the  water  obtained  direct  from  his  main,  that  the 
information  may  be  a  guide  to  others,  as  doubtless 
the  warmth  of  such  water  varies  considerably  in 
different  seasons  of  the  year,  and  will  also  vary  when 
obtained  from  difftrent  "localities  at  the  same  period. 
I  still  adhere  to  the  point  that  cold  s))ring  water  is 
detrimental  to  the  healthy  life  and  vigour  of  the 
majority  of  plants,  whether  growing  indoors  or  out-of- 
doors  ;  and  that  too  cold  water,  when  applied  to  plants 
in  full  flower,  or  just  at  the  setting  of  the  fruit,  im- 
parts such  a  chill  to  the  circulatory  fluid  that  many 
blooms  and  much  fruit  falls  off  prematurely.  That  an 
occasional  syringing  with  cold  water  will  have  the 
effect  of  cleansing  plants  from  insect  pests  is  feasible  ; 
but  medicine  too  frequently  used  may  assist  to  kill 
as  well  as  cure.     In  some  cases  the  remedy  may  be 


as  mischievous  to  the  ultimate  ends  as  the  disease. 
In  no  branch  of  science,  therefore,  can  the  thoughtful 
man  find  greater  scope  for  his  energies  than  in  that 
of  the  study  of  vegetable  economy  in  all  its  bearings. 
J.  J.  W. 

BUTTERFLY  SWARMS.— I  can  endorse  what  your 
correspondent,  W.  Earley,  says  on  this  subject.  Not 
since  nearly  forty  years  ago  do  I  remember  to  have 
seen  the  cabbage-whites  in  such  great  numbers.  But 
he  surely  must  be  in  ei'ror  in  including  the  black- 
veined  white  (Aporia  cratregi)  amongst  the  number. 
Possibly  there  is  a  confusion  with  the  green-veined 
white  (Pieris  napi).  The  former  is  generally  sup- 
posed to  be  extinct  in  this  country,  none  having  been 
seen  for  about  twenty  years,  even  in  localities  where 
it  formerly  abounded.  'Qy  green-chequered  white  I 
presume  the  female  of  the  orange-tip  is  intended.  Ji. 
McLachlan. 

PLANT  NAMES. — A  practice  seems  to  be  grow- 
ing up  of  naming  plants  and  flowers  sent  to  South 
Kensington  for  the  judgment  of  the  Floral  Committee 
after  members  of  that  body.  I  have  heard  it  strongly 
commented  upon,  but  I  wonder  that  the  members  of 
the  committee,  feeling  that  such  naming  without  leave 
or  warrant,  is  calculated  to  bring  the  committee  into 
contempt,  liave  not  passed  a  resolution,  which 
would  at  once  check  a  practice  that  might  grow  to 
be  very  obnoxious.  Possibly  those  answerable  for 
the  objectionable  feature  may  find  it  difficult  to  fur- 
nish names  for  their  numerous  floral  progeny,  but 
the  members  of  the  Floral  Committee  seem  hardly 
fitted  to  be  sponsors,  indeed  such  selections  of  names 
is  exceedingly  ridiculous,  and  naturally  leads  to  the 
conclusion  that  it  is  not  accidental  but  intentional. 
History  furnishes  myriads  of  available  names,  and 
when  history  fails  fiction  may  be  brought  to  aid  the 
seeker  after  proper  appellations  for  flowers.  In 
these  cases  there  would  perchance  be  no  one  having 
similar  names,  and  no  personal  objection  could 
follow.  In  the  case  of  living  names,  however,  there 
is  much  to  object  to  in  the  practice  of  using  their 
names  for  plants,  too  many  of  which  may  be  worthless, 
especially  when  such  names  are  used  without  assent 
being  invited  or  obtained.  In  such  cases,  the  honour, 
if  intended  as  such,  may  be  real ;  in  too  many  cases 
the  flower  is  totally  unworthy  the  name.  In  any 
case  there  can  be  no  two  opinions  as  to  the  impro- 
priety of  givmg  flowers  names  after  members  of  a 
body,  which  has  to  adjudicate  upon  the  merits  of 
the  things  thus  placed  before  them.   Censor. 

NEW  POTATOS  AT  CHRISTMAS.— Among  all 
the  choice  vegetables  which  it  is  the  pride  of  every 
good  gardener  to  place  on  his  employer's  table  at  this 
festive  time,  not  one.  perhaps,  is  more  appreciated 
or  considered  more  of  a  luxury  than  the  above,  when 
forthcoming,  which  is  not  often.  Why  it  should  be 
so  seldom  seen  at  this  time  is  difficult  to  understand, 
seeing  that  it  is  so  easily  produced.  The  seed  should 
be  planted  towards  the  end  of  this  month  in  a  frame 
on  a  spent  hotbed,  and  allowed  to  come  gradually 
on  with  plenty  of  air  and  protection  from  too  much 
wet  or  cold.  In  very  cold  weather  their  progress  is 
more  satisfactory  with  the  addition  of  an  occasional 
lining  to  the  frame,  and  they  must  always  be  pro- 
tected from  frost.  The  seed  for  this  purpose  must 
be  specially  prepared.  For  instance,  the  Potatos  to 
be  planted  this  month  must  be  the  seed  of  some 
which  were  planted  in  a  frame  last  January,  and 
taken  up  and  stored  away  for  this  purpose  in  April. 
Those  anxious  to  have  new  Potatos  next  Christmas 
may  be  able  to  procure  this  specially  prepared  seed 
through  their  seedsman.  Seed  ripened  in  summer  is 
no  use  for  this  purpose.  Veitch's  Improved  Ashleaf 
is  the  variety  I  use.  Solanuni. 

POTATO  SCAB. — The  results  which  German 
investigators  have  arrived  at  as  to  the  cause  and  cure 
of  the  Potato  scab,  may  be  thus  briefly  summarized : — 
The  skin  of  the  healthy  Potato  tuber  consists  of  a 
layer  of  cork-like  cells  of  uniform  thickness  ;  when 
the  skin  is  injured,  or  a  portion  of  it  cut  away,  the 
wound  heals  by  the  foimation  of  a  new  layer  of  cells 
which  reproduce  themselves  in  a  manner  very  similar 
to  what  takes  place  when  the  skin  of  an  animal  forms 
again  over  a  wound.  When  the  Potato  tuber  grows 
in  unduly  wet  soil,  the  cork-cell  layers  increase  in 
thickness  at  various  points,  producing  a  multitude  of 
little  warts  or  excrescences  upon  the  surface.  When 
these  warts  occur,  tlie  cuticle  is  less  resistent  than 
otherwise,  and  decay  of  the  tissue  underneath  is 
likely  to  take  place.  If  the  excess  of  moisture  about 
the  Potato  tuber  continues  for  a  considerable  time, 
decay  sets  in,  and  the  starch  and  tissues  of  the  tuber 
become  discoloured.     When,  under  favourable  con- 


ditions, decay  is  arrested,  the  cork-cell  layer 
forms  between  the  decayed  and  the  healthy  parts 
of  the  Potato,  and  the  Potato  is  "  scabby." 
This  affection  of  the  Potato  is,  therefore,  the  result 
of  excess  of  moisture,  either  because  the  soil  is  wet 
from  situation  or  because  of  its  texture,  or  on 
account  of  the  occurrence  of  a  protracted  period  of 
wet  weather.  Stable  dung  and  other  manurial  fer- 
tilisers influence  the  disease  in  proportion  as  they 
alfect  the  state  of  moisture  in  the  soil.  Stable-dung 
may  also  aggravate  the  disease  by  filling  the  soil 
with  the  spores  or  seeds  of  mould  fungi,  which, 
taking  root  in  the  injured  cork-cell  layer,  may  favour 
decomposition  of  the  tuber,  and  protract  the  heal- 
ing process.  Potash  salts  and  kainit  have  been 
found  antagonistic  to  Potato  scab  by  hindering  the 
development  of  this  particular  species  of  fungi,  and 
by  imparting  a  more  vigorous  growth  to  the  Potato 
haulm.  The  first  consideration,  however,  where 
Potato  scab  is  prevalent,  must  always  be  drainage  of 
the  soil.  The  addition  of  burnt  clay  ashes  to  the 
soil  is  an  excellent  preventative.  John  ./.  Wilk, 
Uarpenden. 

QUALITY  OF  EARLY  POTATOS.  —  There  can  be 
no  mystery  as  to  the  absence  of  quality  in  many  of 
our  early  Potatos  this  season.  How  can  it  be  expected 
that  with  the  plants  growing  of  course  on  the  lightest 
soils,  and  in  the  warmest  situations  in  gardens,  in 
such  excessive  heat  and  drought  as  we  have  had  such 
ample  experience  of  this  summer — the  growth  arrested 
and  the  tops  almost  roasted  up — that  the  tubers  should 
have  the  quality  found  as  a  rule  in  naturally  matured 
crops  ?  Taken  generally,  early  kinds  have  been 
checked  and  ripened  this  year  when  about  half 
grown ;  and  if  in  green  Ireland  Mr.  Murphy  has 
found  it  hot  and  dry,  affecting  the  quality  of  his 
Potatos,  what  can  be  expected  in  this  locality,  where 
heat  has  been  abnormal  and  drought  excessive? 
No  doubt  in  Northern  districts  we  shall  learn  of 
excellent  Potatos,  because  the  heat  may  have  suited 
them :  with  us  the  heat  has  been  practically 
destructive.  Middlesex. 

WASPS. — I  must  congratulate  Mr.  Chitty,  of 
Pewsey,  on  the  absence  of  wasps,  for  in  this  part  of 
the  country  they  never  were  more  abundant  than 
this  year.  We  have  taken  1.50  nests  up  to  date, 
within  a  radius  of  half  a  mile  from  the  gardens,  and 
this  without  causing  any  appreciable  diminution  of 
their  numbers  about  the  Gooseberry  bushes  and 
Peach  and  Cherry  trees.  We  always  take  the  nests 
with  powdered  cyanide  of  potasium — a  deadly  poison, 
and  one  which  requires  handling  with  great  care;  and 
they  can  be  taken  in  the  daytime  by  this  means  by 
merely  dropping  a  tablespoonful  in  the  hole.  After 
three  hours  the  nest  can  be  dug  out  and  the  grubs 
destroyed.  A'.  IK.  Walker.  Purdysburn,  Belfast. 

I  have  noticed  with  surprise  the  state- 
ments in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  the  freedom  from 
wasps  in  other  parts.  In  this  locality  (North  Bed- 
fordshire) we  are  greatly  infested  with  them  ;  no  less 
than  fifteen  nests  have  been  discovered  within  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  gardens  here,  and  more  are 
being  found  daily.  We  find  that,  owing  to  the  cracks 
in  the  soil  caused  by  the  drought,  it  is  in  many 
instances  found  to  be  impossible  to  destroy,  them  by 
pouring  gas  tar  into  the  holes.  We  find  that  by  using 
paraffin  and  setting  it  alight  that  we  are  able  com- 
pletely to  destroy  them.  A.  W.  Francis,  Saveiisden. 

In  reference  to  the  notes  which  ap- 
peared in  the  last  two  issues  of  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  respecting  the  scarcity  of  wasps,  it  may  be 
interesting  to  state  that  during  the  last  four  weeks 
443  wasps'  nests  were  taken  within  an  area  of  I  mile 
from  the  kitchen  gardens  here,  and  paid  for  at  the 
rate  of  Is.  per  nest,  and  to  say  that  within  the  last 
four  years  we  have  paid  about  £200  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  wasps  nests.  H.  it',  n'ard,  Longford  Castle. 

EARLY  FROSTS. — On  Sunday  morning,  the  14th 
inst.,  we  had  6°  of  frost,  with  cold  wind,  which  cut 
severely  Alternantheras,  Ageratums,  Iresines,  Lobe- 
lias, and  Pelargoniums.  French  Beans  and  'Vegetable 
Marrows  in  the  gardens,  and  Potatos  in  the  fields  in 
this  neighbourhood  are  cut  down.  It  is  to  be  hoped 
that  such  a  degree  of  cold  has  not  been  general.  I 
see  it  stated  in  the  newspspers  that  0°  of  frost  was 
experienced  in  tlie  Windermere  Lake  district.  Geo. 
Manderson,  Alexandra  Park,  Manchester.  [We  have 
similar  reports  from  Surrey  and  other  counties.  Ed.] 

EUCHARIS  OR  BULB  MITE.— Now  is  the  time 
when  amateurs  and  gardeners  l)uy  their  Hyacinths, 
Tuberoses,  and  other  bulbs,  and  caution  is  very 
necessary  in  doing  so,  for    if  they  once   introduce 


AnQTJST  20,  1887.1 


THE    GABDENEFS'     CEBONICLE. 


229 


the  above  pest  into  their  collections  with  Nerines, 
Vallotas,  Amaryllis.  Eucharis,  &c.,  it  means  certain 
loss  sooner  or  later.  Having,  last  year  inspected 
several  thousand  Hyacinth  and  other  bulbs,  I  found 
a  great  number  wholly  unfit  for  sale  :  they  were 
swarming  with  mites.  My  advice  therefore  is,  buy 
only  from  trustworthy  sources,  for  I  heard  of  several 
failures  where  the  gardeners  got  the  blame  for  wrong 
treatment  when  the  fault  was  really  unsound  bulbs, 
bought  at  a  cheap  price.  A  Gardener. 


Societies. 

THE    OXFORD    CARNATION    AND 
PICOTEE   TJNION. 

Ado.  2. — That  the  summer  of  1887  has  proved  a 
trying  one  for  Carnations  and  Picotees  will  be  gene- 
rally admitted.  The  white  grounds  of  the  flowers — 
the  essential  purity  of  which  plays  so  important  a 
part  in  flowers  presented  to  view  in  their  best  form 
— have  been  what  the  growers  terra  "foggy,"  that  is 
to  eay,  the  grounds  did  not  come  out  clean  and  per- 
fectly bleached  owing  to  the  heat  and  drought  of  the 
weather.  But  there  was  laid  out  in  Mr.  E.  S.  Dod- 
well's  garden  in  the  Stanley  Road  what  he  terms  a 
"  feast "  of  Carnations  and  Picotees  of  excellent 
qnalitv.  Old  growers  and  exhibitors  said  they  could 
not  remember  an  exhibition  so  large,  and  character- 
ised by  so  much  tine  quality.  The  bizarre  Carna- 
tions were  brilliantly  coloured,  Mr.  Robert  Lord's 
flowers  in  particular  being  dazzling  for  their  bril- 
liancy. 

Carnations. — Tlie  largest  class  was  for  twelve  dis- 
similar varieties,  eight  prizes  being  offered,  and  there 
being  nine  competitors.  Here  Mr.  Robert  Lord, 
florist,  Hole  Bottom,  Todmorden,  was  1st,  with  an 
almost  faultless  stand  of  blooms.  2nd.  Mr.  Martin 
Rowan,  Manor  Street,  Clapham,  S.W.,  with  very 
fine  blooms.  In  the  class  for  six  dissimilar  varieties 
there  were  seventeen  exhibitors,  and  no  one 
showing  in  the  previous  class  could  compete  in 
this.  Here  Mr.  John  Whitham,  Hebden  Bridge, 
Yorkshire,  was  1st,  with  very  fine  blooms  ;  2nd,  Mr. 
J.  S.  Heddesley,  Swinton,  Nottingham,  with  striking 
blooms. 

In  the  class  for  single  blooms,  five  prizes  being 
offered  in  each,  a  very  large  number  of  flowers 
were  staged,  the  awards  being  as  follows: — S.B. : 
1st,  Mr.  S.  Barlow,  Stake  Hill,  Manchester.  2nd  and 
4th,  with  Robert  Houlgrave,  a  superb,  new  flower, 
remarkable  for  the  brilHacy  of  its  scarlet,  its  fine 
shape  and  solid  petal  ;  a  fine  addition  to  a  limited 
class,  and  an  excellent  grower.  C.B. :  Here 
Master  Fred,  superbly  shown,  won  all  the 
prizes;  Mr.  J.  AVhitham  was  1st.  and  ilr.  R. 
Lord  2nd.  P.P.B.  :  Ist.  Mr.  Robert  Lord, 
with  William  Skirving.  P.F. ;  1st,  Mr.  Brown, 
with  George  Melville.  S.F.:  1st,  Mr.  Geo.  Geggie, 
with  Matador.  R.F. :  1st,  Mr.  Lord,  with  Rob  Rov  ; 
and  2nd,  with  Sybil. 

The  premier  Carnation  was  C.B.  Master  Fred, 
shown  by  Mr.  J.  Whitham. 

Picotees. — The  class  for  twelve  dissimilar  blooms 
brought  nine  competitors  for  eight  prizes,  Mr.  R. 
Lord  being  again  1st  with  blooms  striking  for  their 
purity  and  delicacy  and  evenness  of  marking.  In 
the  class  for  six  varieties  there  were  nineteen  com- 
petitors, exhibitors  of  twelve  being  excluded  from 
this;  Mr.  J.  Whitham  was  1st.  Then  followed  the 
classes  for  single  blooms,  the  judges  having  to  select 
from  a  large  number.  Of  H.R.E.,  Mr.  W  itham 
was  1st  and  2nd,  with  John  Smith.  L.R.E. :  1st, 
Mr.  Rowan,  with  Mrs.  Gorton.  H.P.E. :  Mr.  Lord 
took  all  the  prizes  with  fine  blooms  of  Muriel. 
L.P.E.:  1st,  Mr.  Lord,  with  Minnie.  H.R.E. :  1st, 
Mr.  Lord,  with  Louisa.  L.R.E. :  1st,  Mr.  Rowan, 
with  Nellie.  Yellow  grounds :  1st.  Mr.  Read,  gr.  to 
A.  H.  Dodwell.  Esq.,  St.  Mary's  Road,  Oxford,  and 
2nd  and  4th  with  fine  seedlings. 

The  premier  Picotee  was  a  beautiful  bloom  of 
H.R.E.  Mrs.  Payne,  shown  by  Mr.  R.  Lord. 

Selfs,  Fancies,  and  Yellow  Grounds. — In  the  class 
for  twelve  varieties,  nine  competitors  contended  for 
the  eight  prizes.  Here  Mr.  Read  was  1st,  with  a 
very  fine  lot  of  unnamed  seedlings  of  great  beauty. 
In  the  class  for  six  varieties  there  were  ten  com- 
petitors for  nine  prizes.  Mr.  Hovell,  gr.  to  G.  H. 
Morrell,  Esq.,  Headington  Hill,  Oxford,  being  1st, 
with  excellent  blooms  of  Mr.  Dodwell,  Alice  Mary, 
Mrs.  Walton,  Edith.  Mrs.  Champneys,  and  Neptune, 
In  the  classes  for  single  blooms  of  selfs,  fancies,  and 
yellow  grounds  the  prizes  were  awarded  as  follows  : — 


1st,  Mr.  Read,  with  Lady  Constance ;  2nd,  with 
seedling.  Fancies :  1st.  Mr.  Read,  with  The 
Maestro ;  Mr.  J.  Lakin  being  2nd,  with  seedling. 

The  premier  self  was  a  beautiful  delicate  pink 
variety,  named  Gladys,  shown  by  Mr.  Read — one  of 
Mr.  Dodwell's  seedlings.  The  premier  fancy.  The 
Maestro,  bright  crimson,  flaked  with  maroon,  also 
shown  by  Mr.  Read,  and  raised  by  Mr.  Dodwell. 

First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to 
S.B.,  Robert  Houlgrave,  shown  by  Mr.  S.  Barlow ; 
and  to  the  following  yellow  grounds,  shown  by  Mr. 
C.  Turner,  Koyal  Nursery,  Slough,  viz..  Will 
Threlfall,  Almira,  Annie  Douglas,  Colonial  Beauty, 
Terra  Cotta,  and  Agnes  Chambers ;  and  to  the  fol- 
lowing selfs  : — Scarlet  Gem,  bright  scarlet-crimson  ; 
and  Rose  Celestial,  clear  pale  junk. 

In  addition  to  the  exhibition  proper  Mr.  Dodwell's 
garden  was  a  blaze  of  Carnations  and  Picotees,  it 
being  computed  the  collection  in  pots  and  in  the  open 
jfround  had  some  12,000  expanded  flowers. 


LTJTON     HORTICXTLTTJRAL. 

The  fourtii  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  was 
held  on  August  10  in  a  meadow,  kindly  placed  at  the 
service  of  the  Society  by  J.  J.  Kershaw,  Esq.,  J. P., 
Bedford  House,  Vice-President  of  the  Society.  The 
exhibits  were  arranged  in  five  tents.  The  entries 
were  (ewer  than  last  year,  but  this  can  be  partially 
accounted  for  by  the  committee  taking  a  firm  stand 
for  seven  clear  days  from  the  time  of  receiving  the 
last  entry  and  the  show  day.  Although  the  entries 
were  fewer  the  exhibits  in  many  cases  were  con- 
siderably better  in  quality,  and  in  point  of  arrange- 
ment a  very  marked  improvement  was  discernible 
throughout.  Cut  flowers  and  vegetables  have  suf- 
fered very  considerably  from  the  exceptionally  dry 
character  of  the  season;  Cauliflowers,  which  fare 
always  a  conspicuous  feature  in  Luton  shows,  and  as 
a  rule  are  magnificent  specimens,  this  year  were 
conspicuous  by  their  absence.  Potatos  were  a 
splendid  show,  the  soil  in  and  around  Luton  being 
peculiarly  favourable  to  their  cultivation.  There 
were  some  excellent  dishes  shown,  although  they  also 
showed  the  effects  of  the  dry  weather.  The  follow- 
ing are  some  of  the  principal  awards  : — 

Group  of  miscellaneous  stove  and  greenhouse 
flowering  plants,  arranged  for  effect. — In  this  class 
1st  honours  were  awarded  to  J.  Kershaw,  Esq. ; 
the  2nd  going  to  James  Higgins,  Esq.,  Malvern 
House,  Luton.  There  were  some  good  plants  in 
both  groups,  but  the  arrangement  was  rather 
defective,  being  too  flat  and  overcrowded.  The  2nd 
prize  lot  was  composed  of  too  many  plants  with 
heavy  foliage. 

For  six  tine-foliaged  plants  J.  Kershaw,  Esq.,  was 
1st,  and  E.  Coupees,  Old  Bedford  Road,  2nd. 

Six  Ferns. — H.  Gibbons,  Esq.,  was  1st,  with  a 
remarkably  fresh  clean  lot ;  while  H.  Blundell,  Esq., 
Moulton  Lodge,  Luton,  was  2nd,  with  larger  speci- 
mens, but  not  in  such  a  fresh  condition. 

Six  Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums. — H.  Blundell,  Esq., 
was  1st ;  also  for  six  Gloxinias. 

For  six  table  nlants.  Mr.  J.  Higgins  was  1st,  and 
Mrs.  Drake  Garrard,  Lamer  Park,  Wheathampstead, 
was  2nd. 

For  best  twelve  Roses,  distinct. — 1st,  Mr.  J.  Free- 
man, Beechwood  Park,  Dunstable. 

For  twelve  trusses  cut  flowers. — 1st,  Mrs.  Drake 
Garrard. 

For  six  Dahlias,  large- flowered.  —  1st,  Mr.  J. 
Freeman. 

For  Pompons. — 1st,  Mr.  J.  Freeman. 

Fruit. — For  two  bunches  of  black  Grapes  Mr.  J. 
Higgins  was  1st,  with  two  good  bunches  of  Madres- 
field  Court  Muscat  ;  Mr.  B.  Bennett,  gr.,  Cheverals 
Park,  Dunstable,  was  a  capital  2nd,  with  two  nice 
bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh,  with  excellent  bloom 
and  fine  in  berry.  For  two  bunches  of  white  Grapes 
Mr.  B.  Bennett  was  1st,  with  nice  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria ;  Mr.  A.  T.  Webster.  The  Mount,  New  Bedford 
Road,  was  2nd,  with  good  bunches  of  Buckland's 
Sweetwater.  For  six  Peaches  and  six  Nectarines, 
Mr.  Freeman  was  a  winner  in  each  class. 

JDinner-tablo  Competition  (open). — Prizes  offered  by 
the  ladies  of  Luton.  First  honours  were  awarded  to 
Mr.  Beckett,  Aldenham  Park.  Elstree,  Herts,  who 
had  a  tastefully  arranged  table,  consisting  of  asplendid 
bunch  of  Gro3  Maroc  Grape,  a  good  bunch  of  Muscat 
of  Alexandria,  a  fine  dish  of  Peaches,  Apricots,  Nec- 
tarines and  Cherries.  Miss  Higgins  was  2nd,  with  a 
rather  heavy  arrangement  of  Water  Lilies. 

The  cut  flowers  in  both  open  and  amateur  classes 
were  excellent ;  as  were  many  of  the  dishra  of  vege- 
tables shown  by  amateurs  and  cottagers. 


LEIGHTON    BUZZARD   HORTICUL- 
TURAL. 

The  annual  show  of  this  Society  was  held  on  the 
11th  inst.  In  the  principal  tent  Messrs.  James 
Veitch  &  Sons,  of  Chelsea,  had  a  flne  group  of  choice 
subjects,  which  was  well  arranged.  The  Pitcher- 
plants,  which  were  elevated  somewhat,  were  very 
conspicuous;  and  among  other  choice  plants  were 
new  Dracaenas  and  Rhododendrons,  Anthurium 
Andreanum,  Anguloa  Clowesii,  and  beautifully 
scented  Pancratiums,  which,  with  a  lot  of  new  and 
choice  Ferns  interspersed,  produced  a  fine  efl!*ect. 
Leopold  Rothschild,  Esq.,  Ascot,  sent  another  fine 
group  These  were  chiefly  Palms,  Liliums,  Begonias, 
Cockscombs,  and  Ferns,  with  a  margin  of  Isolepis 
gracilis.  Edward  Edwards,  Esq.,  Holmside,  contri- 
buted a  nice  lot  of  tuberous  Begonias — well  grown 
plants  and  finely  flowered.  Mr.  W.  Paul,  of  Waltham 
Cross  Nurseries,  sent  eight  boxes  of  fine  Roses,  one 
of  which,  Marechal  Niel,  was  particularly  noticed. 
His  new  Rose,  H.P.  Grand  Mogul,  was  exceedingly 
good  and  promises  to  be  an  acquisition.  The  Bride 
was  also  well  shown.  The  Polyantha  Roses  were 
very  pretty  and  much  noticed. 

Fiiiit. — The  best  black  Grapes  came  from  Mr.  A. 
Heslop,  gr.  to  H.  S.  Leon,  Esq. ;  and  the  best  white 
from  the  same  grower,  and  Mr.  Tompkins  had  the 
best  Melon.  Prizes  were  offered  for  collections  of 
fruit,  not  limited  to  any  number  of  dishes.  These  un- 
limited collections  are  unquestionably  a  mistake ;  a 
limited  quantity  is  at  all  seasons  better  contested  and 
brings  forth  the  best  subjects  only,  and,  moreover, 
affords  the  means  for  a  better  test  of  skilful  cultiva- 
tion. 

Vegetables. — These  were  plentifully  shown,  in  very 
good  condition,  but  not  up  to  the  usual  standard, 
doubtless  owing  to  the  prolonged  season  of  drought, 
which  is  everywhere  indicating  its  effects. 

Amateur  s  Division. — Three  prizes  were  offered  for 
a  group  of  miscellaneous  plants  arranged  for  effect 
in  a  space  not  exceeding  50  square  feet ;  this  was  a 
very  interesting  class,  and  brought  out  several  com- 
petitors— the  1st  prize  lot,  as  far  as  arrangement  was 
concerned,  being  well  in  advance  of  the  rest.  1st,  Mr. 
R.  Richmond,  Leighton  ;  2nd,  J.  Dixon,  Esq., 
Leighton  ;  3rd,  Mr.  King,  Linslade.  Cut  flowers 
were  well  shown  in  this  division ;  also  very  good 
fruit,  the  hardy  kinds  being  particularly  good. 


MATLOCK  BATH  HORTICULTURAL. 

Aug.  13. — This  was  the  sixteenth  exhibition  of  this 
Society,  and  it  took  place  in  the  spacious  pavilion  in  the 
gardensat  MatlockBath.  The  display  was  such  an  im- 
provement upon  anything  that  has  gone  before,  that 
it  did  seem  a  pity  that  after  so  long  a  spell  of  fine 
weather,  the  rain  should  have  come  at  mid-day,  and 
entailed  a  seious  loss  to  the  Society. 

The  whole  of  the  exhibits  were  arranged  in  the 
immense  conservatory-like  pavilion.  The  onl}'" 
classes  for  plants  were  two  for  groups  arranged  for 
effect — all  the  other  prizes  were  for  cut  flowers, 
fruits,  and  vegetables.  The  principal  part  of  the 
exhibition  was  found  in  the  classes  open  to  all. 

Groups  arranged  for  e^e-ct. — Handsome  prizes  of 
£15,  £10,  £5  were  offered  for  groups  arranged  for 
effect,  not  to  exceed  a  space  of  250  feet.  Five  of 
these  competed,  the  1st  prize  being  awarded  to  Mr. 
Samuel  Thacker,  Minerva  House,  Nottingham,  an 
amateur  who  has  acquired  a  great  reputation  as  a 
floral  decorator.  The  arrangement  was  remarkably 
good.  Palms,  Crotons,  foliaged  plants.  Ferns,  &c., 
being  the  principal  agents  employed  :  but  there  was 
a  little  too  much  crowding;  Mr.  A.  Webb,  gr.  to 
J.  H.  Manners-Sutton,  Esq..  Kelham  Hall,  Newark, 
was  2nd  ;  and  Mr.  C.  Williams,  gr.  to  S.  Baerlin, 
Esq.,  Didsbury,  Manchester,  3rd.  Two  extra  prizes 
were  awarded  in  this  class.  There  was  a  class 
for  a  group  not  exceeding  100  feet,  confined  to 
residents  within  ten  miles  of  Matlock,  and  here  Mr. 
C.  Yates,  gr.  to  C.  Wildgoose,  Esq.,  Holloway, 
Matlock,  was  1st,  with  a  nicely  arranged  collection  ; 
Mr.  Barlass,  gr.  to  T.  C.  Arkwright,  Esq.,  Willersley 
Castle,  Cromford,  being  a  good  2nd. 

Cut  Flowers. — Some  remarkably  good  Roses  were 
shown,  the  season  considered.  The  best  twenty-four 
came  from  H.  D.  Smith,  Esq.,  Alfreton  Road.  Derby; 
Mr.  R.  W.  Proctor,  nurseryman,  Chesterfield,  being 
2nd.  Mr.  J.  Henson,  Derby,  had  the  best  twelve 
Dahlias;  Mr.  J.  Carrington,  Derby,  being  2nd. 
Cut  zonal  Pelargoniums,  in  bunches  of  three  trusses, 
were  a  very  fine  featui'e,  Mr.  Carrington  being  1st, 
and   Mr.  Henson  2nd.     A  remarkably  good  feature 


230 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  20,  1887. 


also  was  furnished  in  the  class  for  eighteen 
bunches  of  cut  flowers  ;  here  Mr.  C.  Williams  was 
1st,  with  a  very  fine  lot,  consisting  of  Orchids  and 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  bold  bunches ;  Mr.  J. 
Bolas,  gr.  to  H.  C.  P.  Fell,  Esq.,  Hopton  Hall,  being 
2nd.  There  was  a  very  keen  competition  in  the  class 
for  a  bouquet,  Mr.  C.  Williams  being  1st,  and  Messrs. 
J.  R.  Pearson  &  Co.,  Chilwell  Nurseries,  2nd.  Mr. 
Hans  Niemand,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham,  was  1st, 
with  a  beautiful  bouquet  of  Roses  and  their  foliage  ; 
Mr.  J.  R.  Cliard,  florist.  Stoke  Newington,  N.,  being 
2nd.  Mr.  Chard  had  the  best-arranged  basket  of  cut 
flowers,  Mr.  Hans  Niemand  being  2ud.  Verbenas 
and  Gladioli  were  also  shown  in  their  classes. 

Fruit. — The  fruit  show  was  remarkably  good.  The 
best  eight  dishes  came  from  Mr.  J,  Edmunds,  gr.  to 
the  Duke  of  St.  Albans,  Bestwood,  Notts,  who  had 
fine  Madresfield  Court  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
Grapes,  Pine,  Nectarines,  Figs,  Melon,  and  Cher- 
ries ;  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Ward,  gr.  to  C.  H.  Oates,  Esq., 
Biddings  Hall,  Alfreton,  with  some  capital  fruit  also; 
3rd,  Mr.  J.  Lyon,  The  Gardens,  Ossington  Hall, 
Newark.  Mr.  'Barlass,  Willersley  Castle,  had  the 
best  six  dishes,  staging  excellent  Gros  Maroc  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes.  2nd.  Mr.  J.  Harding, 
gr.  to  Major  McCrea,  Thoruhill,  Stanton  Hall.  The 
best  four  bunches  of  Grapes  came  from  D.  Saville,  Esq., 
Alvaston  Hall,  Derby  (gardener's  name  not  given), 
who  had  two  bunches  each  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
and  Black  Hamburgh ;  2nd,  Mr.  Edmunds,  with 
Madresfield  Court  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria;  Mr. 
Ward  being  3rd,  with  the  same  varieties,  having 
very  fine  bunches,  but  not  ripe  enough.  Mr.  Ed- 
munds had  the  best  two  bunches  of  white  Grapes, 
showing  excellent  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Mr.  Bolas 
being  2nd  with  the  same.  The  two  best  bunches  of 
black  Grapes  were  Black  Hamburgh,  from  Colonel 
Thorpe,  Coddington  Hall,  Newark :  Mr.  Edmunds 
being  2nd  with  some  well-finished  bunches.  Mr. 
Bolas  had  the  heaviest  bunch,  showing  a  fine  one  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Mr.  Lyon  being  2nd  with 
Barbarossa.  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Melons,  and  To- 
matos,  were  all  well  shown. 

Vegetables. — Prizes  were  offered  for  collections  by 
Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  .James  Dickson  &  Sons,  Dick- 
son &  Brown,  Daniels  Bros.,  Dickson,  Brown  &  Tait, 
R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  &c.,  and  they  were  all  keenly 
competed  for.  The  vegetables  shown  by  amateurs 
and  cottagers  were  very  good  all  round,  and  so 
numerous  were  they  that  it  was  witji  great  difiiculty 
space  could  be  found  for  them  in  the  pavilion. 

Among  miscellaneous  exhibits  was  a  beautiful 
wreath  from  Messrs.  J.  R.  Pearson  &  Co. ;  Roses  from 
Messrs.  Dickson  &  Robinson,  and  Dickson,  Brown 
&  Tait ;  a  large  collection  of  vegetables,  flowers,  and 
fruit,  from  Mr.  F.  Oram,  of  Matlock  Bath  ;  blooms 
of  Carnations  and  Picotees  from  Mr.  R.  H.  Verte- 
gan  and  Mr.  Hans  Niemand ;  all  of  which  were  highly 
commended.  There  was  also  a  remarkable  show  of 
honey,  and  one  of  the  leading  exhibitors  was  Mr.  A. 
Clark,  postmaster  of  Matlock  and  the  energetic 
Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Society. 


SCILLY     ISLANDS    BULB     ASSOCIA- 
TION. 

This  Society  has  two  annual  shows — one  for  cut 
flowers  and  the  other  for  bulbs  of  the  various  Daffo- 
dils and  Narcissi.  The  autumnal  exhibition  of  bulbs 
was  held  on  Tuesday,  August  9.  The  iSociety,  which 
is  as  yet  only  in  its  infancy,  must  be  congratulated 
on  a  very  successful  show,  and  one  which  shows  a 
gieat  advancement  on  that  of  the  previous  year. 
Mr.  Dorrien  Smith,  who  shows  on  all  and  every 
occasion  that  he  has  the  monetar}-  prosperity  of  the 
islands  and  the  welfare  of  the  islanders  very  close  to 
his  heart,  is  a  most  liberal  contributor  to  the  funds 
of  the  Society  ;  nor  does  his  interest  stop  at  this 
point,  for  he  acts  with  the  judges  as  referee,  and 
personally  is  willing  to  spare  no  trouble  to  make  the 
show  attractive  to  the  dwellers  in  the  outer  islands, 
who,  in  their  own  minds,  much  prefer  the  harvest  of 
the  sea  in  which  to  gain  their  livelihoods. 

The  bulbs  staged  were  first  shown  in  classes 
according  to  varieties,  and  were  so  judged  in  a  good 
class,  1st,  2nd,  and  3rd  prizes  being  awarded.  When 
the  judges  have  finished,  the  exhibitors  are  admitted, 
and  allowed  to  group  their  exhibits  in  collections, 
and  to  introduce  other  varieties  of  bond  fide  bulbs 
(which  must  have  Ijeen  grown  by  them  for  one  year 
at  le.ast)  th.an  Narcissi.  For  these  collections  Mr. 
Dorrien  Smith  gives  seven  valuable  prizes,  amount- 
ing in  all  to  £20.  The  1st  prize  was  awarded  to 
Hugh  Watts,  Old  Town,  with  flfty-five  entries ;  tho 
9nd  to  \V.  P.  Mumford,  with  sixty  entries  ;  the  Srd 


to  William  Trevillick,  with  sixty-three  entries ;  the 
others  in  order  of  merit  being  Richard  Mumford,  W. 
M.  Gluyas,  and  W.  Barnes  and  J.  C.  Tonkin,  who 
were  considered  equal. 

The  bulbs  of  the  Polyanthus  varieties  shown  were 
perfect  in  shape,  and  equal  to  the  finest  samples  of 
Dutch  grown  bulbs.  Particularly  would  this 
criticism  apply  to  the  classes  for  Grand  Monarque, 
Soleil  d'Or,  and  the  Scilly  White.  This  variety  is 
neai-ly  allied  to  White  Pearl,  but  will  be  found  by 
cultivators  more  vigorous  and  prolific,  and  since  it 
has  been  in  the  islands  for  a  very  long  time,  no 
doubt  there  will  be  a  large  quantity  of  bulbs  for 
sale.  As  the  bulbs  ripen  much  earlier  in  Scilly,  they 
will  be  found  to  flower  earlier  when  grown  in  pots 
than  those  from  Holland,  and  in  ray  experience  more 
floriferous  and  vigorous.  Nine  lots  of  Telemonius 
plenus  were  shown,  and  eight  of  Rugilobus,  both 
being  very  fair  classes.  There  were  five  exhibitors 
of  Maximus,  six  of  Empress,  five  of  Biflorus, 
four  of  the  Paper  White,  five  of  Stella, 
six  of  Cynosure,  seven  of  Odorus  campernelli, 
eight  of  Obvallaris — a  very  good  class,  the  1st  and 
2nd  being  very  close  ;  nine  of  Poeticus  plenus,  eight 
of  P.  recurvus.  1  give  the  above  statistics,  .ts  it  will 
show  the  sorts  most  rife  in  the  islands.  But  other 
varieties,  well  shown,  may  be  mentioned  in  Orange 
Plioenix,  Gloriosa,  Frank  Miles,  Barri  conspicuus, 
which  has  a  great  future;  Lincolnshire  Yellow, 
Horsfieldi,  Em]>eror,  Pallidus  priccox,  Burbidgei, 
Sir  Watkin,  were  very  inditt'erently  shown.  The 
poor  bulbs  of  Pallidus  prascox  are  easily  accounted 
for,  since  the  Pyreneean  varieties  do  not  appear  to 
increase  well  in  the  ''  Sunset  bound  of  Lyonesse." 
Vafjahoiid. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


Hahd-wooded  Plants. — The  strong  growing  Cape 
and  New  Holland  plants  that  have  completed  their 
growths,  such  as  Heaths,  Acacias,  Boronias,  Aden- 
andras,  Eriostemons,  Aphelexis,  Hedaromas,  &c., 
h.iving  been  prepared  by  the  admission  of  plenty  of 
air,  should  now  (if  it  has  not  already  been  attended 
toj  be  placed  outdoors  in  a  light  position  upon  a  firm 
layer  of  ashes,  so  that  their  growths  may  become 
matured.  The  pots  should  be  screened  from  the 
sun's  rays  by  thick  planks,  Box  edgings,  roofing  tiles, 
or  something  of  the  kind,  and  if  the  plants  c.in  be 
slightly  screened  also  from  the  sun  for  a  few  days 
the  liability  to  injury  from  sudden  exposure  will  be 
removed.  These  plants  at  all  times  require  to  be 
judiciously  watered,  and  when  outside,  being  more 
under  the  influence  of  the  weather,  more  care  in  this 
matter  is  wanted.  Acacias  are  liable  to  become 
infested  by  red-spider,  and  should  be  carefully  syringed 
in  the  evening  of  warm  days.  Cape  Heaths  are  apt 
to  get  mildewed,  and  should  be  frequently  examined, 
and  be  dusted  with  flowers  of  sulphur  if  this  para- 
site should  appear.  Where  practicable.  Heaths 
should  be  watered  with  rain-water  only,  as,  owing  to 
the  often  deleterious  constituents  of  spring  water 
tliey  may  be  greatly  injured  by  its  use,  ami  the  work 
of  years  upon  slow  growers  of  the  type  of  E.  elegans 
and  E.  depressa  may  be  thus  lost.  E.  hyemalis,  E. 
autumnalis,  and  other  fast-growing  soft-wooded 
kinds,  do  not  so  readily  suft'er  from  this  cause, 
and  are  in  other  cultural  particulars  more  easily 
managed  than  those  belonging  to  the  hard- 
wooded  section.  Should  the  soil  in  the  pots  get 
excessively  dry  they  may  be  moistened  throughout 
by  being  stood  in  a  tub  of  water.  All  the  above 
should  be  placed  in  their  winter  quaiters  by  the  end 
of  the  ensuing  month,  and  should  on  no  account  be 
exposed  to  heavy  rains,  while  young  plants  in  small 
pots  are  best  retained  where  they  can  have  the 
protection  of  glass  the  whole  year. 

The  houses  containing  species  that  are  likely  to 
become  injured  if  placed  out-of-doors,  such  as 
Lescheuaultias,  Tremandras,  Correas,  Dracophyl- 
luras,  Piraeleas,  &c.,  should  now  be  ventilated  to 
their  fullest  extent  day  an<l  night,  and  a  dryer 
atmosphere  maintained.  This  will  ripen  the  wood, 
develope  the  flower-buds,  and  render  the  plants  less 
likely  to  be  attacked  by  mildew.  Epacrises  that 
were  placed  out-of-doors  should  be  examined  to  see 
that  worms  do  not  get  into  the  pots ;  these,  like 
other  genera  of  New  Holland  plants,  are  impatient 
to  excessive  watering.  Specimens  of  E.  miniata 
sjilendens,  E.  Eclipse,  and  others  of  similar  habit, 
should,  as  the  shoots  lengthen,  be  trained  out,  and 
the  plants  turned  round  occasionally,  so  that  their 
growths  may  be  well  matured.  Azaleas  that  have 
flnlfhed   grownng  may  be  placed   in  the  open   Rir, 


which  will  afford  space  under  glass  for  the  more 
tender  subjects.  The  plants  should  be  syringed  each 
fine  afternoon  as  the  sun  loses  its  power,  and  a  look- 
out must  be  kept  for  thrips,  which  should  be  at  once 
destroyed  by  the  use  of  Fir-tree  oil  or  tobacco-water. 
Young  plants  that  have  had  their  blossom-buds 
removed,  in  order  to  cause  a  second  growth  to  be 
made,  must  be  still  kept  in  a  light  position  under 
glass,  where  they  should  be  encouraged  to  complete 
their  growth  as  early  as  practicable.  Thomas  Coomber, 
The  Heiidre  Gardens. 


The  Weather. 


[Accmnulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
decrees— a  "  Day-degree "  signifying  1'  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperatuee. 

Above  or 

Accdmulated. 

Sa 

S3 

below  tbe 

fc, 

t. 

Mean  for 

*2  jj 

3.  - 

the    week 
ending 

'is 

'is 

Ang.  15. 

¥ 

■3  J 

■it 

if 

Pr 

neipal    Wheat-pro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day-     Day- 

duciDg  Districts. 

deg. 

deg. 

deg.     deg. 

0 

Scotland,  N.    ... 

6  below 

61 

0 

+  195  -1-    37 

I 

SCOTLAXD.  E.     ... 

3  below 

7S 

0 

-H  219  +     41 

2 

Ekglasd,  N.E.  ... 

4  below 

&4 

0 

+  214  -1-    82 

3 

EXGLAND,  E.       ... 

3  below 

113 

0 

-1-    27 

+  168 

4 

Midland  Cos.  ... 

0  below 

99 

0 

-1-    63 

+  166 

5 

England,  S.      ... 

1  below 

132 

0 

-1-    10 

+  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 

Districts. 

6 

Scotland,  W.   ... 

4  below 

81 

0 

+  105  +    47 

7. 

England,  N.W.... 

5  below 

90 

0 

+    86-1-  118 

8. 

England,  S.W.... 

2  below 

113 

0 

+    94-1-  172 

9. 

IBELAND,  >'. 

4  below 

83 

0 

+  248-1-    23 

10 

IBELANTJ,  S. 

3  below 

104 

0 

+  270  -H    97 

- 

Channel  Islands 

1  below 

132 

0 

-1-    60 -H    77 

Rainfall. 

Bright 

Sunshine. 

a 

^ 

» 

k 

S     ^ 

Districts. 

5  °  . 

«.- 

Is 

•H-Ss 

l=^gS 

51! 

•s.| 

2 

lis 

tli 

ill 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 

Tenths of 

Ins. 

ducing  Districts. 

Inch. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

3  less 

135 

23.6 

26 

24 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

6  less 

93 

11.8 

33 

34 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

4  less 

86 

7.8 

37 

35 

3.  Ekgland,  E.     ... 

2  less 

79 

9.0 

42 

43 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

5  less 

76 

9.4 

43 

38 

5.  England,  S. 

.5  less 

73 

9.0 

53 

42 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

8  less 

104 

20.1 

39 

37 

7.  England, N.W.... 

3  less 

60 

11.8 

30 

39 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

3  less 

79 

10.9 

66 

49 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

3  more 

102 

16.2 

29 

35 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

7  less 

64 

13.5 

40 

43 

—  Channel  Islands 

3  less 

87 

9.6 

79 

63 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Aug.  15,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Ofiice ; — 

"  The  weather  has  continued  (air  as  a  whole  iu 
almost  all  parts  of  the  kingdom  ;  in  the  extreme 
north  and  north-west,  however,  slight  falls  of  rain 


August  20,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


231 


have  been  very  frequent,  while  on  the  13th  some 
heavy  showers  were  experienced  in  some  parts  of 
south-eastern  England. 

"The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  in  all 
districts,  the  deficit  ranging  from  1°  in  '  England, 
S.,'  and  the  '  Channel  Islands  '  to  5°  in  the  '  Mid- 
land Counties,' and  'England,  N.W..'  and  to  6°  in 
'  Scotland,  N.'  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which 
were  generally  recorded  on  the  9th,  varied  from  62° 
in  •  Scotland,' N.,'  to  82°  in  'England,  S.W.,'  and 
86°  in  'England,  S.'  The  lowest  of  the  minima, 
which  were  registered  either  on  the  14th  or 
15th,  ranged  from  33°  over  the  west  of  England 
and  north  of  Ireland  to  39°  in  '  Scotland,  N.,' 
and  to  49°  in  the  '  Channel  Islands.'  Over  the 
northern  parts  of  Ireland  and  England  the  minima 
were  unusually  low  for  the  season,  in  many  places 
sharp  ground  frosts  being  experienced. 

"  The  raitifaU  has  been  less  than  the  mean  in  all 
districts.  Over  the  southern  parts  of  England  and 
Ireland  the  total  amount  has  been  very  trifling. 

"Bright  sunshine  shows  a  very  general  decrease, 
the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of  duration 
ranging  from  between  26  and  40  in  most  of  the  more 
northern  districts  to  66°  in  '  England,  S.W.,'  and  to 
79  in  the  '  Channel  Islands.'" 


MEAN  TEMPERATURE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
ING THE  WEEK  ENDING  AUGUST  27.  (AVERAGE 
OF  FORTY-THREE  YEARS.) 


•Vug.  21    ... 

...    ei'.o 

AU5.2D 

..  ei^.o 

..    23   ... 

...    61°.l 

„   26 

..    60°.9 

„    23   ... 

...  ei^.s 

„    27 

..    60°.8 

„    24    ... 

.      ...  ei-.a 

Mean  for  the  week 

..    61°.2 

Trade  Notice 


MESSES.  NIEMAN,  CORNISH  &  CO. 
This  firm,  trading  as  florists  and  nurserymen  at 
Maida  Vale  and  Orchard  Street,  'W.,was  ordered  to  be 
wound  up  and  a  provisional  liquidator  appointed  by 
Mr.  Justice  Kekewich  on  August  17.  The  company  was 
formed  with  £10,000  capital,  and  the  petitioner  was  a 
judgment  creditor  for  £114,  and  an  ordinary  creditor 
for  other  sums  amounting  in  the  total  to  £2.S4. 


Mrs.  Jane  Swan. — We  regret  to  announce  the 
death  of  Mrs,  Jane  Swan,  the  wife  of  our  corre- 
spondent, Mr.  W.  Swan. 


Enquiries. 

"Ha  that  guestioneth  much  shall  learn  much." — Bacon. 

The  Willow  Bose. — What  is  this?  In  Lindley's 
Monograph  a  variety  of  R.  indica  is  so  named. 

SwBET  Chestnut. — What  is  the  tree  of  which  I 
send  you  a  specimen  ?  Is  it  a  Turkey  Oak  gone 
wrong  in  consequence  of  the  drought  ?  Ealinq.  [The 
tree  is  a  variety  of  the  Sweet  Chestnut,  Castanea 
vesca  var.  heterophylla  of  gardens.  It  probably 
originated  as  a  sport  or  bud-variation,  and  is  propa- 
gated by  grafting.  As  an  interesting  variety  it  is 
quite  worth  planting.  Ed.] 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


CycLAMEN  ;  Anxious.  The  tubers  have  all  the  ap- 
pearance of  having  been  injured  by  pouring  water 
from  a  spouted  water-pot  heavily  on  to  the  crown, 
thereby  breaking  otF  the  leaf-stalks  and  causing 
decay. 

DisAs :  //.  K.  The  varieties  of  Disa  grandiflora 
sent  are  distinct,  but  the  same  are  to  be  found 
everywhere  where  a  few  specimens  of  it  are  grown. 
If  every  grower  named  his  specimens  according  to 
his  fancy  much  confusion  would  arise.  The  varie- 
ties BarelU  and  grandiflora  are  recognised.  The 
orange-scarlet  variety  approaches  Barelli, 

BoTiBia  Giuni !  Fruit,    The  unioa  of  two  or  mora 


berries  is  not  uncommon.  It  shows  that  part 
of  the  bunch,  at  any  rate,  was  not  sufliciently 
thinned. 

Grapes  :  A.  Y.,  Caen.  The  heaviest  bunch  exhibited 
was  Trebbiana  (26  lb,  4  oz.),  shown  at  Edinburgh, 
and  mentioned  in  our  columns,  September  l8, 
1875. 

Insects  ;  F.  W.  B.  We  found  no  insect  in  the  dried 
up  Chrysanthemum  leaves,  which  are  attacked  in  a 
manner  new  to  us.  Please  send  some  of  the  cater- 
pillars to  Professor  Westwood,  Oxford.  From  your 
account  the  insects  seem  to  live  in  colonies  under 
the  leaves,  and  are  consequently  external  feeders, 
which  is  not  in  accordance  with  their  only  eating 
the  parenchyma.  /.  0.  W. 

Medlar  ;  H.  ij-  C.    Medlar  not  recognised. 

Mountain  Ash  :  H.  tf-  C.  The  galls  on  the  leaves 
are  the  work  of  an  extremely  minute  mite  (Phy- 
toptus).  Similar  mites  occasion  the  outgrowths 
on  Pear,  Maple,  Lime,  and  other  leaves. 

Names  of  Plants  :  (?.  Watts.  Eucomis  punctata. 
— H.  M.  D.  1,  Bocconia  cordata;  2,  Echinops 
sphoerocephalus. — J.  F.  Rosa  cinnamomea. — Box. 
1,  not  recognised;  2,  Platanus  orientalis  var. ;  3, 
Acer  Negundo,  variegated  form;  4,  Spartium  jun- 
ceum  ;  5,  Griselinia  littoralis ;  6,  Buddleia  glo- 
bosa ;  7,  Iberis  amara ;  8,  Liriodendron  tulipi- 
fera,  Tulip  tree  ;  9,  Deutzia  scabra ;  10,  Liquid- 
ambar  styraciflua;  11,  Deutzia:  no  flowers. 
Another  time  send  six  only. — M.  D.  M.  Acan- 
thus spinosa. — Dickson.  Dolichodeira  tubiflora. 
— J.  Carter  4'  (^o.  Probably  a  species  of  Heli- 
chrvsum,  or  allied  genus,  but  without  flowers 
and  some  knowledge  of  its  native  country 
we  cannot  name  it.  —  Probtts.  1,  we  do  not 
identify ;  2,  Achillea  tomentosa  ;  3,  Sedum  maxi- 
mum ;  4,  Campanula  rotundifolia  ;  5,  Centaurea 
dealbata  ;  6,  Digitalis  lutea. — A.  K,  Caen.  Pro- 
bably Populus  canescens. —  C,  Norwood.  Your  tree 
is  the  common  Ailantus  glandulosa — a  truly  mag- 
nificent tree,  a  native  of  China,  but  quite  hardy.  It 
n'akes  a  first-rate  town  tree,  bearing  smoke  and 
ill  treatment  without  injury,  though  in  America  it 
is  objected  that  the  flowers — especially  the  male 
flowers — smell  unpleasantly;  but  here  that  is  a 
matter  that  need  not  be  considered,  as  it  is  only 
occasionally  that  the  flowers  are  produced. — F.  B. 
Liquidambar  styraciflua,  not  a  Maple  ;  the  leaves 
turn  of  a  rich  scarlet  or  crimson  in  autumn.  The 
Oak  is  apparently  the  Lucombe  variety — a  variety 
of  the  Q.  cerris. — J.  Taylor.  Phormium  tenax, 
should  be  hardy  in  your  locality. 

Oephanum  :  D.  We  do  not  know  by  whom  the 
name  was  given.  If  a  mere  garden  name  it  is 
wrong  in  form,  because  garden  names  should  not 
have  Latin  or  Greek  names.  If  a  botanical  name 
it  would  be  preferable  to  write  Orphanorum, 
though  in  truth  there  is  no  such  word  as  Orphanus 
in  Latin,  and  the  Greek  genitive  would  be  Orpha- 
nOa.  But  grammatical  accuracy  for  our  purposes, 
though  always  desirable,  is  subsidiary  to  con- 
venience. An  English  garden  name  implies 
nothing;  a  Latin  name,  or  pseudo-Latin  name, 
implies  that  the  plant  to  which  it  applies  has  been 
duly  examined  and  registered  by  a  botanical 
expert,  who  makes  himself  responsible  ;  and  if  he 
should  prove  to  have  sinned,  then  there  is  some 
one  to  hang. 

Pea  Dukb  of  Albany  :  Hortus.  This  Pea,  a  green 
wrinkled  Marrow,  is  a  selection  from  Telegraph. 
It  is  better  than  Telephone,  which  is  a  white 
wrinkled  selection  from  the  same  variety.  The 
pods  of  the  Duke  are  of  a  darker  colour  than  those 
of  Telephone. 

Potato  Disease  :  H.  F.  See  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
vol.  xxi.,  pp.  60,  121,  283,  349,  588,  615,  618,  649, 
650;  vol.  xxii.,  p.  787  ;  vol.  xxiii.,  "  Wet  and  Dry 
Rot,"  p.  14;  "Scab,"  p.  60;  " Wilson  Sclerotioid 
Disease,"  p.  472. 

Salix  annularis:  F.  This  variety,  in  which  the 
leaves  are  coiled,  like  a  snail-shell,  evidently  ori- 
ginated as  a  sport  from  the  common  Weeping 
Willow.  We  have  often  seen  it  reverting  to  that 
species. 

Shropshirh  Floral  and  Horticultueai,  Show  : 
H.  W.  W.  The  report  of  this  show,  owing  to  want 
of  space,  is  postponed  to  our  next  issue. 

Situation  in  Kew  or  Chiswick  Gardens  :  J.  G.  W. 
Make  a  written  application  to  the  Curator  of  the 
first,  or  to  the  Superintendent  of  the  second. 

SowiNO  SssD  0?  Nepzta  Glechoma:  A,  B.  This, 
being  %  hardy  perennial,  may  be  sown  In  Septem- 


ber in  pans,  and  kept  in  a  cool  pit  during  the 
winter  ;  or  in  the  open  border  in  the  months  of 
March  and  April. 

Vine  Leaves  :  D.  F.  T.  Not  Phylloxera,  but  warts, 
the  result  usually  of  too  close  and  moist  an  atmo- 
sphere.    Attend  to  ventilation. 

Vines  :  G.  W.  H.  We  do  not  find  .any  Phylloxera, 
but  the  roots  look  as  if  they  had  been  destroyed 
by  the  grub  of  a  weevil  or  by  wireworm.  'The 
leaves  have  been  subsequently  attacked  by  red- 
spider.  We  will  examine  more  carefully  at  our 
leisure,  and  let  you  know  the  result  if  diff'erent 
from  that  afl'orded  by  cursory  inspection. 

WiHEwoBM  (False),  Polydesmus  complanatus,  on 
Rose  Beds  and  Vine  Border  :  G.  F.  This  creature 
does  not  feed  entirely  on  the  roots  of  plants  like 
the  true  wireworm,  Elater  species,  but  eats  more 
or  less  of  animal  matter  and  decayed  vegetation, 
and  consequently  is  less  injurious  to  the  horticul- 
turist and  farmer.  The  true  wireworms  have  six 
legs,  never  more,  and  a  sucker  foot  at  the  end  of 
the  tail ;  the  Polydesmus  complanatus,  or  flattened 
millipede,  h.is  many.  The  mode  of  proceeding 
against  these  pests  is  the  same  for  all.  Applica- 
tions of  guano,  soot,  salt,  &c.,  will  drive  them 
away,  and  in  the  case  of  growing  plants  of  annual 
or  biennial  duration  aftbrd  manurial  assistance,  that 
enables  the  plants  to  withstand  their  attacks  better. 
But  a  Vine  border  does  not  permit  of  such  means 
being  adopted.  The  roots  of  vegetation,  such  as 
grasses  and  other  plants,  and  where  such  exist  on 
your  Rose  beds  and  Vine  borders,  should  be  forked 
out  and  burnt,  or  mixed  with  g.as-lime,  and  if 
the  Vine  roots  are  not  close  to  the  surface,  it 
may  be  pared  to  the  depth  of  3  inches,  and  the 
pared-off  soil  at  once  burnt  to  destroy  all  life 
within  it ;  but  there  must  be  no  delay,  or  the  wire- 
worms,  &c.,  will  burrrow  deep  into  the  soil  as  they 
do  in  winter.  The  border  might  then  receive  a 
dressing  of  lime  in  the  form  of  powder  and  soot. 
The  wireworm  is  frequently  brought  into  gardens 
with  fresh  turf  from  pastures  which  is  full  of  these 
creatures  and  others.  It  should  be  neatly  stacked, 
and  where  the  presence  of  the  wireworm  is  sus- 
pected place  gas-lime  between  the  layers  of  turf. 
This  will  destroy  both  animal  and  vegetable  life, 
and  by  the  time  the  soil  is  wanted  for  use,  the 
action  of  the  air  and  moisture  will  have  converted 
the  lime  into  gypsum,  which  is  serviceable  as  a 
manure.  No  vegetation  should  ever  be  allowed  to 
grow  on  turf-heaps  intended  to  be  used  for  garden 
plants,  trees,  &c. 


CATALOGUES   KECEIVED. 

Louis  DE  Smet,  Ledeburg-lez-Gand,  Belgium—- 
Supplement  to  General  List  and  Orchids. 

AuGUSTK  v.iN  Geert,  Ghent,  Belgium  —  Palms, 
Orchids,  Az.ale.a3,  &c. ;  also.  Azaleas,  Rhododen- 
drons, and  Camellias. 

James  Veitch  &  Sons.  Royal  Exotic  Nursery,  King's 
Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. — Hyacinths. 

Wm.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  London,  N, — 
Bulbs  and  Winter  Flowers. 

Wm.  Drummond  &  Sons,  Stirling,  N.B. — Bulbs. 

B,  S.   Williams,  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries, 

Upper    HoUoway,    London,   W. — Bulbs,    Fruit 

Trees,  Roses,  &o. 
Haage  &  Schmidt,  Erfurt,  Germany— Flower  Bulbs 

and  Roots. 
Dickson  &  Robinson,  12,  Old  Millgate,  Manchester 

— Hyacinths  and  other  Bulbous  Roots. 

C.  F.  CuoNE,  Frankfurter  AUee  134,  Berlin  0.,  Ger- 

many— Imported  .and  Est.ablished  Orchids. 
James  Cocker  &  Son,  Sunnypark,  Aberdeen,  N.B. 

—Bulbs. 
James  Carter  &  Co..  237  and  238,  High  Holborn, 

London,  W.C— Dutch  Bulbs. 
Edmund  Philip  Dixon,  Hull — Bulbs,  Strawberries, 

Vines,  and  Spring  Flowering  Plants. 


Oommumoatioks  Received.— R.  McL.— O.  N.  (if  you  have 
been  roasted  alive  for  ten  weeks  and  still  survive,  aa  we  are 
Rlad  to  see,  you  must  be  pretty  tough.  Long  may  you  keep 
SjD— J.  Rothschild.- H.  E.— G.  T.  M.  (many  thanks).— 
A.  F.  B.— J.  T.  B.— G.  S.  B.  (yes,  it  not  too  long  j  (he  neigh- 
bourhood is  phyto-geologically  highly  interesting  from  Pur- 
beck'a  to  time  present). — J.  \V.,  Stranraer  (many  thanks). — 
G.  W.  C.  (next  week).— E.  P.,  Ghent.— Professor  Henriquez, 
Coimbra.— L.  A.  McK.  (many  thanks).— W.  B..  Dublin.— 
.T  H.  L.,  Wimbledon.— Oanon  E.— W.  T.  T.  D.— T.  I.,  Cam- 
bridge.—M.  H.,  Hereford,— J.  C.  B.,  Salbris.  France.- Dr. 
Orii.  Bennes.  France.— C.  T.  D.— C.  H.  S.— J.  B.— Dr.  Stur- 
tevant.  New  York.— J.  W,— M.  P.  A.,  Sweden,  (we  regret  to 
Pay  the  Grapes  arrived  in  too  bad  a  state  to  enable  us  to 
ludire  Bv  all  means  continue  your  ein^erimonts). — V.  Dop- 
plet  (neit  weeli).-H.  VT.  ■Wf.-O.  F.  -^.-D.  H.  E.-J.  li, 


232 


THE     GARDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  20,  1887. 


iMarkets. 


COVENT  GARDEN,  August  18. 
The  soft  fruit  is  now  finished  consequently  our 
Market  is  assuming  a  more  quiet  appearance,  but 
supplies  generally  are  good,  and  hard  fruits  are 
making  fair  prices.  Trade  for  hothouse  goods  is 
very  quiet.  James  Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  I  a.  d.  s.  d. 

Apples,  f  sieve  ...  1  3-  3  6  Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Plums,  i-sieve        ...  3  0-  4  0     Melons,  each  ...  1  6-  3  0 

Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  1  0-  2  6  Peaches,  dozen  ...  2  0-  8  0 
—  Channel  Isl..  lb.  0  6-  1  3  Pine-apples.  Eng. ,1b.  10-30 
Kent  Filberts,  100lb.40  0-50  0  1  —St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 

Vegetables— Average  Retail  Prices. 
.  d.  s.  d. 


Mushrooms,  punnet  16-20 
Mustard    and  Cress, 

punnet      0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel ...  4  0-  ... 
Parsley,  per  bunch. ,,  0  &-  ... 
Peas,  per  quart  ...  1  6-  ... 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ...  4  0-  5  0 

,,    kidney,  percwt.  4  0-50 

Shallots,  per  lb.      ...  0  3-  ... 

Spinach,  per  bushel...  5  0-  ... 

Sprue,  bundle         ...  1  0-  ... 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     ...  0  &-  ... 

Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  8-  ... 

Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2-  ... 

Potatos.— Jerseys  about  finished.     Rents,  2s.  Gd.  to  As.  per 

bnahel;  Cherbourgs,  4s.  to  6s. ;  Roses,  5s.  to  6s. ;  Beauties, 

6s.  to  7s.  per  cwt.    Markets  heavy. 

Plants  vx  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  I  s.d.  s.d. 

Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  0  ,  Fuchsias,  doz, 


Artichokes,  p.  doz....  4  0- 
Aubergines,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb....  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Celery,  per  bundle  ...  1  ft-  2  0 
Cucumbers,  each  ...0  0-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  ...  3  0-  ... 
Green  Mint,  bunch...  0  4-  ... 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ...  0  4-  ... 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ...  0  3-  ... 
Lettuce,  per  dozen...  2  0-50 
Lettuce.  Cos.,  each...  0  3-  ... 


Asters,  per  di 
Balsams,  per  dozen 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ...4  0-9  0 
Cj-perus,  per  dozen  .  4  0-12  0 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen 30  0-60  0 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9  0-24  0 
Euonym' 


Heliotrope,  dozen    ...4  0-8  0 

3  0-60     Hydrangeas,  doz.    ...  9  0-12  0 
"    "     '  Ilium   longiflorum, 

per  dozen 18  0-24  0 


per  dozen  . 
Evergreens, 

per  dozen  , 
Ferns,  in  vari 

dozen 


.  6  0-18  0 


6  0-24  0 

ety,  per 

4  0-18  0 

Ficus  elastica.  each  .16-70 
Foliage  plants. 


•ifolii 


Lobelias,  dozen 
Mignonette,  doz. 
Musk,  per  dozen 
Myrtles,  per  dozen 
Palms, 
Pelargoi 


9  0-18  0 

3  0-40 

4  0-60 
2  0-40 
6  0-12  0 

each  2  6-21  0 
dozen  6  0-12  0 


—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

—  Ivy-leaved,   doz.  2  0-40 
Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-  9  0 


ous,  each 


,  2  0-10  0  :  Scented  Verbena,doz.  4  0-60 


Cut  Flowers. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons.  12  bun  ... 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  bunches... 

—  French,  per  bun. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  blms. 

—  dozen  bunches... 
Cornflower,  12  bun. 
Eucharis,  per  dozen 
Gardenias.  12  blooms 
Heliotropes,  12  spr. 
Jasmine,  white,  bun. 
LiUum    longiflorum, 

12  blooms 

—  lancifolium,12bl. 
Lavender,  12  bun.  ... 
Marguerites,  12  bun. 


2  0-40 

3  0-50 
3  0-40 
10-20 
0  6-10 
0  6-10 
3  0-60 
10-20 
3  0-60 
3  0-60 


3  0-60 
16-20 

4  0-50 
3  0-60 


Mignonette,  12  bun.  1  0- 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...  2  0- 
Pelargoniums,12spr.  0  6- 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  4- 
Pinks,   coloured  and 

white,  12  bun.  ...  2  0- 
Primulas,  double,  12 

sprays        0  9- 

Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  0- 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6- 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6- 

—  red.perdozen  ...  0  6- 

—  Saifrano,  dozen...  0  6- 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0- 
Tropseolums,  12  bun.  1  0- 
Tuberoses.  12  blms....  0  6- 


FBTTIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  August  17.  —  Good 
supplies  of  fruit  and  vegetable,  with  a  fair  demand 
at  moderate  prices.  Potato  trade  brisk  Quotations  : 
— Plums,  hs.  to  75.  per  sieve  ;  Green  Gages,  35.  ^d. 
to  55.  per  half-sieve ;  black  Currants,  35,  Qd.  to  45. 
do.;  red,  35.  to  35.  9^.  do.;  Gooseberries,  2s.  ^d.  to 
35.  M.  do. ;  black  Cherries,  3s.  3f^.  to  3s.  6fZ.  do. ; 
Raspberries,  Ad.  to  bd.  per  pound  ;  Tomatos,  25.  to  4s. 
per  dozen  pounds  ;  Apples,  2s.  to  4s.  ^d.  per  bushel ; 
Pears,  28.  to  65.  do. ;  frame  Cucumbers,  25.  to  4s.  Q>d.  per 
dozen  ;  field  ditto,  6(^.10  Is.  do. ;  Vegetable  Marrows, 
1«.  Zd.  to  Is.  6c^.  do. ;  Broad  Beans,  Is.  9c?.  to  35. 
per  sieve  ;  French  Beans,  5s.  to  6s.  do. ;  Scarlet  Beans, 
65.  to  7s.  do. ;  Turnips,  5s.  to  Qs.  per  dozen  bunches  ; 
Carrots,  2*!.  to  35,  do.;  Mint,  Ss,  to.  bs.  do. ;  Parsley, 
2s.  to  3s.  do. ;  Onions,  1;:,  6f/,  to  25,  ^d.  do. ;  Lettuces, 
Sd.  to  \s.  per  score. 

Stratford:  August  16, — The  market  has  been 
well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  produce,  and  trade 
was  done  at  the  undermentioned  quotations: — Cab- 
bages, 4s.  to  5s,  &d.  ]>er  tally  ;  Carrots,  household, 
3s.  per  doz. bundles;  Turnips,  40s.  per  ton  ;  Mangels 
(new),  30s.  to  40s.  do,;  Apples,  2s.  6rf.  to  55.  per 
bushel ;  Beans  (runners)  4s.  to  55.  per  sieve ; 
Marrows,  Is,  ^d.  to  2s,  per  dozen  ;  Cucumbers,  3.t.  to 
3s.  iSd.  per  flat ;  Plums,  65.  to  75,  per  bushel ;  Horse 
Radish,  \s.  3d.  per  barrel ;  Green  Gages,  55.  to  Gs.  per 
basket. 


PEAT   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
addre93,  ait  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Mascal  Estate.  North  Cray,  Kent. 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs,  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider.  Thrip.  Mealy 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  dc,  <£c. 
PFdrFPTLY  )   *^  ^^^  Hands  and  Skin,  but  will  cure 
i-Enrcbii.,    I   Hing  worm  in  Animals,  and  all  Diseases 
HARMLESS    }   produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  coml)i nation  of  Hydrocarbon  Oils,  made  Roluble  in 
WatiT,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  the  Ituots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists.  Is.  Rd,  Tp.  Gl,  &■  Is.Gd; 

f,  gallon  7s.  6d,  1  gallon  I2s.  Gd,  or  less  in  hu  tr-i  quitntities. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  ps  an  INSECTICIDE, 

its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

VTholnsale:  Hoopf.p.  &  Co.;  Ckrv.  Sopfr.  Vowj.ku  k  Co.; 
C.  E.  OsMAN  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chant'' and  "Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses.  NEW 
YORK— RoLKEB  &  Sons. 

HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 


Throws  a  fine 
spray  20  ft.,  and 
a  jet  SO  ft.,  with 
great  farce. 

A  splendid 
substitute  for  the 
Syringe  for  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
25s.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
j)urj>oses,  45«. 
Carriage  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

f'APHICIDE 


Free 
Is.  8d. 


Glass  Houses.  HUvJiritw 

GREEN&CREAWCOLORSHADING 

Convenient,  Inesrensive— Easily  applied  —  Lasts  all  the 

Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  off.    Is.,  post  1/3. 

For  Fixing  Bloom  of  Azaleas,      tj  |  |  ^%LJ  6*0' 

&c.,  and  tor  Cut  Flovers.         nUVirlbW 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  ereat  boon  t^.  Florists  and  all  lovei-s  of  Flowers.     Driea 
instantly.    .'*nld  in  bottles.  Is.  Si  2s.     I'er  post  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  I'n  \-.-iit!ii;T  "\'iii'>s  P.l.r.liiiL.-  ;iftvr  rnmintr. 
VeryelTectiial  in  luevpnlinp:  the  H.nv  of  ~ip  in  Viiu-s  being 

wmted.    In  bottli-s  l/G  and  2/1).     IV-r  jiost,  M.  rxtr.!. 
For  Destroying  Beetles,  Cockroaches,    UIIPIJCC' 
Crickets,  Bugs,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &c.    nUwrl  t<9 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  effectual  in  Greenhouses,— for  Animals  and   lied 
<  lothing.     Trice.  Cd..  Is.  &  2/1!.     Per  po.-t  .'Id.  extm. 

•  E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  "l'll'fyl,'i!^r!''' 

(^'OTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  eacli,  and  in 

SEALED  BAGS  ONLY, 

7  lb.       14  lb.      28  lb.       56  lb.        1  cwt. 

2/6    4/6   7/6  12/6   207^ 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY, 

TEMPLE  MILL   LANE, 
STRATFORD,    LONDON,    E. 


^.B^^^^^^s^^ 


WEED-KILLER,  for  destroying  Weeds  on  CarriaRe  Drires, 
Garden  Walks,  Stable  Yards,  &c.  Prices :— Per  gallon,  2s., 
tins  included  ;  5  gallons,  \s.  6d.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallons,  Is.  4rf. 
per  gallon.     One  gallon  makes  26  gallons. 

WORM-KILLEE.  for  eradicating  worms  from  Tennis 
Courts,  Lnwns,  and  Plants  in  Pots.  Prices :— In  bottles. 
Is.  Zd.  and  2s.  6rf  ;  per  gallon,  6s. 

THE     "  INVICTA "     INSECTICIDE. 

For  destroying  insects  and  parasites,  such  as  mealy-bug, 
scale,  thrips,  red  spider,  American  blight,  &c.  In  tins,  Is.  3a, 
and  2s.  6d. ;  per  gallon,  9s. 

The  "INVICTA"  MILDEW  DESTROYER 

An  unfailing  remedy  for  mould  and  mildew  on  Rosey,  ^'incs,  &c. 


In  bottles,  l.s 


Sole  Proprietors  and  Manufacturers, 

THE  AGKI-HORTICULTUEAL  CHEIVnCAl  COMPANY, 
TONBRIDGE,  KENT. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and   Florists. 
Note. — There  is  no  branch  of  our  business  at  Glasgow  or 
elsewhere,  and  we  are  not  connected  with  any  company  of  a 
similar  name. 


GISHLTRST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water:  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes,  1.?.,  3s..  and  10s.  6rf. 

GISHTJRSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6rf.  and  Is.,  from  the  Tmde. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 


THE      THANATOPHORE.  —  New    Patent 
Apparatus  for  Steaming  Tobacco  Juice.    To  be  Sold  cheap, 
only  used  twice,  having  no  further  use  for  it.    Apply  to 
J.  OSBORNE,  Gardener,  Wilton  House.  Southampton. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES.  — Sticks,    Labels, 
Virgin  Cork,  Raffia.  Mats.  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Manures.  &c.    Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  Street.  London,  E.C. 

Fourteen  Silver     -^^^^^  Medals. 

AWARDED  ^^^^^^  "^^ 

JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
Weston-super-Mare,  Manufacturer  of  TERRA  COTTA 
VASES,  FOUNTAINS.  ITALIAN  BASKETS.  BORDER 
TILES.  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality,  from  1  to  30  inches 
diameter,  stand  the  frosts,  and  seldom  turn  green  ;  ORCHID, 
PERN,  SEED,  and  STRTKING-PAKS.  RHUBARB  and  SEA- 
KALE  POTS,  &c. 

Price  List  post-free.     Book  of  Designs.  Is.  M. 

GARDEN  SHADINGS,  scrim,  'hessian,' 

RUSSIA  MATS,  RAFFIA,  PEAT, 

SAND,     COCOA    FIBRE    REFUSE,    &c., 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 

CATALOGVt:  OH  AIVI.ICATION. 

JAMES  T^ANDERSON, 

136,  COMMERCIAL  STREET,   LONDON,  E 


Adoost  20,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


233 


THOS.    W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PASK  ISONWOBKS,  STOURBRIDGE, 


The  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


.  Expansion  Joint  Hot-w  Her  p  pe^    i  feet  lODg  4s  3d  each; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes  m  feet  long  4s  bd  each 
Fidl  Illustrated  HevUed  Prite  List  on  apphcattyn 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 


The-  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  I'lant  Growiug,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  oue.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  one  ou  to  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  : — 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     £2  15    0 

12  fet-t  long.  4  feet  wide „         4  15    0 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,         ,,  „         ,,         3  15    0 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide ,         6  10    0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 


CO., 


R.     HALLIDAY      & 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engine* 
EOT^VL    HOETICULTUEAL    WORKS,    MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent :  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 

2,  Holloway  Road,  N. 


Basber's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The  plainer 
ftorts  are  specially  suited  for 
J  KITCHEN  GAKDENS,  a3 
they  harbour 
Insects,  take  up  little 
and  once  put  down 
further  labour  or  expense, 
do  "  gro%vn  "  Edgings,  con 
quently  being  much  cheapei 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS.  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  liUickfriary,  S.E. ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents    for     LOOKER'S     PATENT     "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,    and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS, 
niustmted  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post,    The  Trade  supplied. 


ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,   for   Lining   Walla   of    Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


OILVER         SAND, 

k^    fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied   at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  EOSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Kail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


TCL^fcSSHeUSES8c»EATI^^ 


B-W.WA-R«U-KST 


.SlA.  BKA070BT  ■TKEET.  CHEI.SBA,  S.W^ 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOKEDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 


Hot-water  Pipes  and 
Fittings 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 
4-inch    Pipes  at  l5.  6rf.  per  yard. 

SADDLE,  VERTICAL, 

and  all  otber  kinds  of 
BOILEBS. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangement 

For  GREENHOUSES,  &c. 

Qll  VFQTFR'^    ^■A-'J^ENT  STEEL   TBENTHAM   BOILER  is  far  i\i>t  best,  cheapest,  ami 

01 LV  LO  I  Ln  0   most  economical  Hot-tcater  Boiler  made.     The  improved  facilities  for  ensuring 

jierfect  combustion  saves  fuel  a,ni prevents  smoke,  and  the  efficient  arrangement  for  cleaning  out  greatly 

prolongs  the  life  of  the  Boiler.    These  Boilers  are  manufactured  and  supplied  by  the  Patentees  only. 

HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS,  on  the  High  or  Low  Pressure  principle,  erected 

complete ;   efficiency  guaranteed. 

PUMPING   MACHINERY  for  all  purposes,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  Sfc. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 

CASTLE    HILL    WORKS,    NEWCASTLE,    STAFFORDSHIRE. 


CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  and  packing  free,  and  delivered  to  any  London  Static 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 

1.5  oz.      21  oz. 


13J  by    8}  for  10/- 

tor  14/- 

12    „    9 

,     10/- 

„   11/- 

13    „  10 

■     11/- 

..    15/' 

14     „  10 

,    13/- 

„  iw- 

14     „  12 

■    17/6 

„  ■■HI- 

13 


31/- 


or  300  squares  15  ounce.  8  by  6, 
or  250  squares  8^  by  6^,  or  220 
squares,  9^  by  6^.  or  170  squares, 
9  by  7^,  or  160  squares.  10  by  8, 
20/-    for  10s.    Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 


12    ..    24/- 


r£3. 


Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.     PAINTS,  ready  nliied  tor  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  5d.  per  pound.    Special  quotations 
given  tor  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     BOBINSOir, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND    GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 

14,  Moor  Lane,  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.C. 

HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 


for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Regidtered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  coat. 

Used  in  all  London  Parka,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  Qd.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station,  Is.  8d.  per  gallon  in  casks  of  36,  20,  or 
10  gallons. 

/y  A   TT^Tf)  A7 Every  cask  bears  the  above  Registered 

^-^  t^  -i  -£  \JJ.y .        Trade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 
imitations. 

HILL      &      SMITH, 

Brlerley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118.  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  £.C. ; 

47,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  15-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneoua 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FABMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS. 


CONTBACTOBS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAB,    DEPARTMENT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

wltU  Waterway  End. 

From  20  Incliea  to  66  Inches  long. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  AND  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  11th  Edition,  price  Is. 

Price  LIST  on  application  Free. 

HOT-WATER    AND    HOT-AIR    APPARATUS 

ERECTED  COMPLETE,  OB  THE  MATEiUAL  SUPPLIED. 


234 


THE     OJBDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AcousT  20,    1887. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE. 


Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

Head  Line  charged  r[5  Uco. 


4  Lines .  .  £0 

3 

0 

5 

,     ..     0 

3 

6 

6 

,     .,     0 

4 

0 

7 

,     ..     0 

4 

(i 

8 

,     ..     0 

5 

0 

9 

,     ..     0 

6 

ti 

10 

,     ..     0 

0 

u 

11 

,     ..     0 

6 

0 

18 

,     ..     0 

7 

u 

13 

,     ..     0 

7 

(S 

li 

,     ..     0 

8 

0 

15  Lines, 

16  „  . 

17  „  . 

18  „  . 

19  „  . 

20  „  . 

21  „  . 

22  „  . 

23  „  . 

24  „  . 

25  „  . 


£0  8 
0  9 
0  9 
0  10 
0  10 
0  11 
0  11 
0  12 
0  12 
0  13 
0  13 


AND  SISPE:*CE  Fon   EVGRr  . 
If  3et  acro55  two  Columns,  the  lowest  charze  will  be  20s. 
I  set  acroH  three  Columns,  the  lowest  charge  will  be  .30s. 
Pa?e,  £^:     Hilf  P.iS!e,  f  1  105.  ;    Column.  £ ;. 


QARDS^JEaS  and  OTHERS  WANriNG  SITOATIONS. 

36  worJs,  incluling  name  nnl  allress.  Is.  «J., 
ani  6i.  tor  every  adilitional  line  (about  9  words)  or  part 
of  a  line. 
THESE  ADVERTISEMENTi    MUST 

This  scale  does  not  apply  to 


Situations,  which  i 


PREPAID, 

ts  of  Vacant 
;1  at  the  ordinary  scale. 


IMPORTANT  NOTfCE.  —  Adaartiiers  are  cautumei 
against  having  Litters  addressed  to  Initials  at  Post-o^ices,  at 
ai/  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  by  the  authorities  ana 
returned  to  the  sender. 

BISTH3,  Deaths  ani  M.VRRrAGES.  55.  each  insertion. 

Adoertisements  for  the  current   loiek   MU3T  reach   the  OJiei 

by  Thursday  noon. 


AU  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advanoa. 

The  U.yilED  K[Sano«:    12  Mjuths,  153.;   6  .Months, 

7s,  6d.;   3  Mjiiths,  33,  9d, 

Foreign   (esc^ptiu^   InUa  ani   Cliiui);    including  Postage, 

173.  6d.  for  12  .Mjaths;   Inlia  and  China.  193.  64, 

Post-ofEce   Orders   to  bo   made   p.ayable    at  the  Post   O.Bie, 

42,  DRtTRr  LVNE,  Vf.C  to  W.  ElOHARDS. 


PoBLisHiNO  Office  and  Office  for  AovEETiSEMEsrs, 
41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  London,  W.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

)RTICUI.TURAL  BUILDERi 

121  BUNHILL  EOW   LONDON,  £  C 


W  H  LASCELLFs  aid  CO  will  g  ve  Estimates  tor  lery 
de^nptionof  HOPlILLLriKAL  W  OKK  free  of  charge  ani 
Bend  competent  a  s   tants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES.     NEW    EOCKWORK    material    in    various 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121.  Bunhill  Row,  London.  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walla,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E     P     P     S     '    S 

GEATEFUL-COMFORTINQ. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 

Accidents   at   Home  and   Abroad. 

Kailway  Accidents,  Emplovt-r's  Liatjilitv,  insured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PA,S.SEXGERS'  ASSURANCE 
COMPANY,  64,  ComhiU,  London.  Income,  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,350,000.  Mod*v 
rate  Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Cliairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Office,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C.  ;  Head 
OtBce,  64,  Oornhill,  London,  E.G. 

WILLIAM  J,  VIAN,  Secretary. 


Price  6d     free  by  post  7d.      Obtainable  of  all  Booksellers, 

WATER  FOR  NOTHING.     Every  House  its 
own  Water  Supply.     By  Shirley  Hibberd. 
"  An  endless  fountain  of  immortal  drink, 
Pouring  unto  us  from  the  heavens'  brink,"— KEAT3. 
London  :    E.  W,  ALLEN,  4,  Ave  Maria  Lane,  E.C. 

T  ONDON  WEATHER  CHART.  By  B.  G. 

Li    Je.<KIS9,  F,R.A,S.    All  engaged  in  Agriculture  should 

consult  this  practically  reliable  Forecast  of  English  Weather 

to  December  31.     Price  6Jrf.,  post-free. 

K.  MORGAN,  Publisher,  Wcstow  iHn-r 


3,1,  S.E, 


^^VrANTED,  a    PARTNERSHIP,  in    Estab- 

VV  lished  Seed  Business.— State  full  particulars  in  con- 
fidence to  J.  K..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

Co  vent  Garden  Market,  W.C. 

P.-VRTNER  WANTED.  Whole  attention 
required.  Must  be  adapted  to  tlie  business,  and  be 
energetic— G.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,      a     HEAD      WORKING 

GARDENER,  in  Gloucestershire,  with  Wife,  who  will 
do  the  Laundry  Work  of  a  Country  House.— Apply  by  letter  to 
Kli'ti,  Messrs.  Dawson  &  Sons,  121,  Cannon  Street,  London, E.C. 

WANTED,  a  GARDENER.  Must  be  married, 
without  children.  Wife  to  keep  the  gate  and  be 
willing  to  give  assistance  in  the  house  when  required.  Both 
must  be  abstainers. —MATRON,  Convale>cent  Home.  Stan- 
more.  Middlesex. _^_^ 

WANTED,  a  practical  Man  as  SINGLE- 
HANDEU  GAEDENER,  who  tlioronghly  understands 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden,  Greenhouse,  Vines.  &c.  An  in- 
telligent, quick,  hard-working  man,  married,  age  30  to  35.  with 
limited  family.  Eeferences  as  to  character  indispensable.- For 
further  particulars,  apply,  C.  C.  E.,  Tansley  Wood.  Matlock. 

ANTED,   NURSERY   FOREMAN,   Out- 

door.  Thoroughly  practical.  Good  character.— 
Apply,  stating  age,  -with  copies  of  testimonials,  salary,  &c..  to 
JOHN  PERKINS  asd  SON,  Billing  Eoad  Nurseries,  North- 
ampton.   


WANTED,  for  the  North,  a  good  Indoor 
PROPAGATOR,  and  to  take  charge  of  Glass  under 
nursery  manager.  Must  be  good  at  making  up  Bouquets, 
Wreaths,  and  Table  Decorations.- Apply,  stating  salary,  age, 
and  experience,  with  references,  to  Y,  Z.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


Rose  Grower. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  experienced  ROSE 
GROWER  to  take  entire  Charge  of  Growing.  Prop,a- 
gating.  Dispatching  Orders,  and  Exhibiting.— .\pplv,  in  the 
first  instance,  to  ROSE  GliOWER,  Gardeners'  CAronicte  Office, 
41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C.  Applications  treated 
with  strict  confidence. 

WANTED,    a  steady  respectable   MAN,   to 
Manage  a  Country  Seed  Bnsiness.- T.  COOKE,  Rope- 
maker  and  Seedsman,  Peterborough. 

ANTED,  a  SHOPMAN,  in  the  Seed  Trade, 

also  to  Assist  in  Travelling  locally  amongst  the 
Wholesale  and  Market  Gardeners.  Unexceptional  references 
required. — Full  particulars,  stating  age,  experience,  and  salary 
required,  to  FRANK  T.iTES,  Seedsman,  Nottingham. 

Carman. 

AAr ANTED,   a  thorough  good  steady   MAN. 

V  \       Must  understand  Furnishing  ami  Win.lowbox  Filling. 
Wages  28! —G,  D.  TAVINEE,  Florist,  Bayswater  Hill,  W. 


GAUDENING    APPOINTMENT. 

Mr,  John  Rainbow,  late  Foreman  at  Jodrell 
Hall,  has  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  Sir 
Chablf.s  H.  Tempest,  Bart..  Bronghton  Hall, 
Skipton-in-Craven,  Y'orkshire. 


WANT     PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers.  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — It  is  veru  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  it  should  be  filled  in  pamble  at  No.  -12.  DRURV  LANE, 
to  W.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  whose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B.—The  best  and  sajest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 


Gardeners. 
''rnOMAS    KENNEDY    and    CO.    have    on 

X  their  Keeister  a  number  of  first-class  GARDENERS, 
FORESTERS.  &c..  wishing  engagement,  and  will  be  glad  to 
furnish  particulars  to  any  one  in  want  of  same.— THOMAS 
KENNEDY  AND  CO..  108,  High  Street.  Dumfries,  N.B. 


BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  aad  upon  bis  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or  JOURNEY- 
MAN. Ladteo  and  Qentlemeu  requiriug  any  of  the  above  will 
please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  oeat  eelectiona  for  the 
different  capacltien  will  be  mado.— Holloway,  N. 


SCOTCH  GARDE  NEKS. 

—John  Downie,  Seedsman.  144,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-engagemeots.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  auy  Lady.  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  te'^ted  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  tirat-rate  Establishments, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged.— JOHN  LAING 
AND  SONS,  The  Nurseries.  Fore=it  Hill.  S.E. 

Gardeners.  Under  Gardeners.  Bailiffs,  &c. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SUN  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  eis  to  abilities,  &c.— liadies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.  Cutbush  &  Son,  Highgat*  Nurseries,  N. 

1>  I  C  H  A  R  D  S  M  I  T  H  and  Ca 
V  beg  to  announce  that  they  are  con-stantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  auy  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
tc— St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

HE      LIVERPOOL      HORTICULTURAL 

CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  anotlier  MAN,  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Married  when  suited; 
thoroughly  understands  Vines,  Early  and  Late  Forcing, 
Flowers,  Kitchen  Garden,  &c.— J.  H.,  Crouch  Lane.  Winkfield, 
Berks.  

GARDENER  (Head);  age  31,  married,  two 
children. — A  Lady  will  recommend  the  advertiser  to 
any  one  requiring  a  practical  trustworthy  man. — W.,  18,  Hill- 
side Grove,  Chase  Road,  Southgate,  N. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Age  32.— The  Right 

Hon.  the  Earl  of  Latham's  Gardener,  Mr.  HathawaY, 
would  be  pleased  to  recommend  a  good  practical  Gardener, 
with  excellent  character,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring 
•    ne.— La*ham  House,  Ormskirk. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  27,  married  when 
suited.  — W.  Johnstone,  Bayham  Abbey  Gardens, 
Lamberhurst,  Kent,  can  highly  recommend  his  Foreman  to  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  Gardener.  Wagei 
expected,  about  £65,  with  house,  &c. 


( -*  ARDENER  (Head),  where  three  or  four 
VX  are  kept;  age  30.— \V.  Rye,  Sueyd  Park,  Bristol,  can 
with  confidence  recommend  his  Foreman  as  above.  Has  been 
with  him  five  years.  Thoroughly  practical  botli  Indoor  and 
Out. 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  34,  married.— 
A  Gf.NTLEMAN  can  recommend  his  Gardener  as  a  good 
all-round  man;  thoroughly  practical  and  trustworthy.  Five 
years  in  present  situation ;  nineteen  years'  experience. — 
JOSEPH  TIMSON,  Shirley  Croft,  Grantham. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three  are 
kept. — Age  28,  married  ;  understands  the  Forcing  of 
Vines,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  &i'. ;  also  the  Manage- 
ment of  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  and  Gardening  in  gene- 
ral. Good  characters  from  first-class  places.— F.  DEBNAM, 
Betteshanger  Gardens,  Sandwich. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  30.  —  Mr. 
Clarke,  Gardener,  Lowther  Castle.  Penrith,  has  very 
great  pleasure  in  recommending  his  Foreman,  Wm.  Webber, 
to  any  Nobleman,  Lady,  or  Gentleman,  who  may  be  in  want  of 
a  thoroughly  efficient  and  trustworthy  man,  with  excellent 
references  from  previous  employers. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  36,  married,  two 
children.  Abstainer.  Twenty-one  years'  experience  in 
the  Cultivation  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Cucumbers, 
Melons,  Tomatos,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants— Ferns,  Roses, 
Orchid-<i,  Chrysanthemumi,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening, 
Early  and  Late  Forcing.  Unexceptional  references. — GAK- 
DENER,  Price,  Florist,  Ewell  Road.  Surbiton. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  three 

or  four  are  kept,  and  where  Gardening  is  cherished. — 
Age  30,  married.  Total  abstainer.— E.  ISAACS,  Shenfield 
Road,  Reading. 

(^  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
T  three  or  more  are  kept.— Age  31  ;  married,  no  incum- 
brance. Seventeen  years'  experience  in  First-class  establiah" 
ments.  First-class  testimonials  as  to  character  and  ability. — 
Q.  B.,  Mr.  A.  Bishop,  Westley  Hall,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).— Four  years 

Orchid  Grower.  Thorough  practical  knowledge  of  Early 
and  Late  Forcing.  Fruit  and  Flowers,  and  the  Management  of 
a  good  Garden.— J.  PAYNE,  Mr.  Jewel's.  11,  High  Street, 
Lewisham,  Kent. 

ARDENER   (Head  W^orking)  ;   age  27.— 

Mr.  DAVIE3.  Gardener  to  A.  O.  Walker,  E^q..  The  Lead 
Worlt*,  Chester,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman, 
E.  T.  Jones,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical 
Gardener.     Two  years'  good  character. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working);     age    32, 

married.— A  Gentleman  giving  up  wishes  to  recom- 
mend his  Head  Gardener  as  a  thorough  practical  man  in  all 
branches.  Fruit  Culture  a  specialty.— H.  T.,  Fullbrooks, 
Worcester  Park,  Surrey. 


Adodst  20,  1887.] 


THE     GAFDENEHS'     CHRONICLE. 


285 


GARDENER  (Head  Wobkinq).— Age  38, 
luarriod,  no  family;  good  experience  in  Stove  nnd 
Greenhouse  Plants.  Forcing,  Fruit,  Flower  and  Kitchen 
Ganleni.  Good  reference. — D.  L.,  Messra.  Veitch  &  Son, 
Exotic  Nursery.  Exeter. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Age  40, 
married,  tliree  in  family  ;  twenty-tivc  years'  experience 
in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Fruit  Culture  a  specialty. 
Excellent  character  from  present  and  previous  employers  — 
W.  WEST,  Sands  Clavtou,  E=q.,  Chipperfield,  King's  Langley. 
Herts. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where 
three  or  four  are  kept. — Age  31;  married,  no  family. 
Thoroughly  understands  Gardening  in  all  its  branches.  Seven- 
teen yeara'  experience.  Good  character  from  present  and 
previous  employers.— C.  G.,  24,  Hope  Cottage,  Lower  Whit- 
worth  Road,  Plumstead.  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— A  Gentle- 
MAN  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  late  Gardener, 
who  lived  with  him  four  years,  to  any  one  requiring  the 
services  of  a  thoroughly  reliable  aud  competent  man.  Fifteen 
years'  experience.  Abst,iiuer.— H.  EDWARDS.  59,  Shirland 
Road.  Maida  Vale,  London,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working);  age  30, 
married,  no  family.— Mr.  HiSLOP,  Gardener  to  J. 
Watson,  Esq..  M.P,,  Berwick  House,  Shrewsbury,  has  very 
great  pleasure  in  recommending  his  Foreman,  E.  Evaus,  to 
any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman,  who  may  be  in  want  of  a 
thoroughly  efficient  and  trustworthy  man,  with  excellent 
reference^!  from  previous  employers. 

ARDENEU    (Head    AVobking;.  —  J.     C. 

Cowley,  Gardener  to  F.  G.  Taiitz.  Esq.,  Studley  House. 
Shepherd's  Bush,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman, 
Thomas  Stevens,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  prac- 
tical Gardener.  Has  had  great  experience  with  Orcliids, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden 
Work.  Three  years'  good  character. —T.  STEVENS,  Studley 
House,  Shepherd's  Bush.  W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
SiSGLE-HAXDED).— Single ;  experinced  both  in  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  character.  Total  ab>tainer. 
At  liberty.— H.  TO.MS,  So,  Raphail  Street,  Knightsbridge.  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  ORCHID 
GKOWER. — Sixteen  years'  experience  in  every  branch, 
especially  Orchids  and  Choice  Plants.  Thoroughly  recommended 
by  one  of  the  best  horticulturists  in  Englant.  Excellent 
character.— GAEDEXBR,  S,  Parade,  Church  Koad,  Teddiug- 
ton,  S.W. 

/TJ_ARDENEK(HEAD),or  ORCHID  GROWER. 

Vlfl  —Age  39,  married.  you.nge-t  child  age  10 ;  thoroughly 
practical.  Good  experience.  Well  recommended. — HEAD 
GARDENER,  Forest  View,  Chigwell  Row,  Essex. 

GARDENER,  good. — Understands  his  duties. 
Four  years'  good  character.  Poultry  or  Land  not  objected 
to.  Wife  good  at  Laundry  and  Dairy.— J.  CARLTON,  High 
Brooms,  Tunbridge  Wells,  Kent. 

GARDENER. — A  Gentleman  ■wishes  to  re- 
commend a  Gardener.— Apply  for  particulars  to  Rev.  L. 
KYDE,  6.'!,  Ladbroke  Grove  Road,  Netting  Hill,  W. 

p  A  R  D  E  N  E  R;    age  40,  married.— Isaac 

vH"  Matthews  &  Son  wish  to  recommend  a  thorough 
practical  man  as  Gardener.  Well  up  in  his  profession.  Good 
references. — Apply  for  further  particulars  to  The  Nurseries, 
Milton,  Stoke-on-Trent. 

GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him  ;  age  36,  married,  four  children.— A  Gextle.man 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes,  Melons,  Peaches,  &c.— CHARLES  CAPLING.  Bed- 
hampton  Hill,  Havant. 

ARDENER  (Fruit  and  Kitchen).— Age  30, 

married ;  thorough  practical.  Sixteen  years'  experi- 
ence in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  Well  understands  Budding, 
Grafting,  Pruning,  and  Vegetibles.  Would  not  object  to  sgme 
Glass.  Good  character.  Abstainer.—  WALTER  HARVEY, 
Willow  Row,  Spalding. 

GARDENER  (good  Single-handed). — Age 
3*5.  no  family  ;  well  up  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing.  Wife 
good  Laundress.  —  S.  W.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

GARDENER    (good    Single  -  handed,    or 
where  help  is  given).— Age  26;  married,  two  children; 
food  practical  all-round  Gardeuer,  steady  and  active.     Can 
ave  good  character  from  present  and  previous  employers. — 
H.,  7.  Newport  Road,  Burgee  Hill,  Sussex. 

ARDENER    (Single-handed).  —  Age  29, 

married,  one  child  ;  good  experience  in  Greenhouses  and 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Two  and  a  half  years'  character. 
—J.  R.,  13,  Edith  Villas,  Kaynham  Koad,  Upper  Edmonton. 

ARDENER    (Single-handed).  —  Age    26, 

single;  has  a  fair  knowledge  of  Gardening  all  round. 
Hard  working  and  obliging.  Can  produce  good  testimonials. 
Highly  recommended.— F.  JIETHERELL,  20,  Salisbury  Road, 
Highgate  Hill,  London.  N. 

ARDENER   (Single-handed,  or   Under). 

— Age  31 .  married,  no  family ;  understands  Glass,  Flowers, 
Vines,  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good  reference. — J.  B.,  Long- 
cliff  Terrace,  Kegworth,  Derby. 

GARDENER,  where  two  or  three  are  kept,  or 
Secoxd  in  a  large  establishment.— Age  22,  single;  five 
years'  good  character.  Seven  years'  experience.  Suburbs  of 
London  preferred.— G.  STUART.  Milton  Cottage,  Winchester 
Road,  Fortswood,  Southampton, 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second). 
—Age  26,   single;  two  Years'  good  character.— .1.  W., 
31.  Fleet  Road.  Hampstead.  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Second  or  Single-handed). 
— Ago  25  :  tea  )  ears'  experience  in  all  branches  of  the 
profession.  Good  charaeter.— McLAREN,  54,  Avorv  Row, 
Bond  Street,  London,  W. 


GARDENER  (Under),  in  good  establishment, 
in  the  Houses;    no  objection  to  a  part  out. — Age  18; 
good  reference.— J.  R.  WATSON,  Branston  Hall,  Lincoln. 

ARDENER  (Under).- Age  20;   live  years' 

experience  Inside  aud  Out.  Good  character  from  late 
employers.— J,  RUSSELL,  0,  Maida  Vale,  Paddington,  W. 

p  ARDENER  (Under).— Age  17  ;    willing  to 

or  Learn.  Good  references.- W.  WOOD,  "  Rising  Sun." 
Billingshurst. 

ARDENER  (Under),   or  JOURNEYMAN 

in  the  Houses.— Has  been  eight  years  in  the  General 
Work.  Good  reference.  — J.  W..  Little  Gaddesden  House, 
Berkhampstead. 

OREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  23 ;    nearly 

three  years  with  Mr.  T.  Lockie,  Oakley  Court.  Windsor. 

with  good  references.— R.  WADHAJI.  Steeple  Aston.  Oxford. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN.— Age  ;.'5;  well  up  in  Roses, 
Fruits.  Budding,  Gnfting,  Training,  Hose  Grafting,  &c., 
and  General  Nursery  Work.  —  T.  NASH,  Barrack  Road, 
Hounslow,  Middlesex. 

FOREMAN.— J.  Evans,  Gardener  to  A.  Akers- 
Douglas.  Esq.,  M.P.,  can  with  every  confidence  recom- 
mend his  Foreman,  F.  Lupton,  to  any  Gardener  requiring  an 
energetic  and  trustworthy  man.  Good  knowledge  of  Plants 
and  Fruit.— Address,  Chilston  Park.  Maidstone. 

I  ■'OREMAN  ;  age  26.— Mr.  Tayloii,  Langley 
House  Gardens,  can  with  every  confidence  recommend 
his  Foreman,  H.  Brickell  (who  has  been  with  him  for  the  last 
six  years),  to  any  Gardener  requiring  a  thoroughly  trustworthy 
man, —Full  particulars  on  application  to  Mr.  TAYLOR, 
Langley  House,  Slough,  Bucks. 

ROUND    FOREMAN     (Working),   where 

Fruit  Trees  are  largely  grown. — Age  30,  married;  six 
years'  good  character  from  present  situation.— POMONA,  Mr. 
Cannon,  Lee's  Nursery,  Ealing. 

ROPAGATOR  and   GROWER  for  Market, 

or  otherwise,— Age  30;  well  up  in  all  branches  of  the  Cut 
Flower  and  Plant  Trade.  — B.  E.  E.,  7,  Gatteridge  Strett, 
Banbury,  Oxon. 

ROPAGATOR  (Assistant),  Indoor  or  Out, 

in  a  good  establishment. — Four  and  a  half  years'  refer- 
en:'e  from  old-established  firm. — Address  with  terms  to 
BRIGGS,  Courtland's,  Sandrock  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

UERN    and    PALM     GROWER.  — Age   24; 

-L  seven  years'  experience  in  Market  Growing.  Good 
references —W.  P.,  3o,  Uptsrue  Koad,  King's  Boad,  Chelsea. 
London,  S.W. 

PALM  or  FERN  GROWER.— Age  2.3 ;   good 
character  and  experience.- A,  B.,  i.  New  James  Street. 
Peckham  Kye,  London.  S.E. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses,  in 
a  good  establishment. — Age  22;  eight  years'  experience 
among  Flowers  anri  Fruit.  Good  references. — C.  B.,  4,  Grove 
Terrace,  Church  End,  Fiuchley,  N. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  or  Second  in  a 
good  establishment. — Age  21,  single;  nine  years'  expe- 
rience, with  excellent  character.  Leaving  to  gain  further 
kTiowledge  under  Glass.  —  For  further  particulars  apply  to 
F.  KELHAM,  Bardon  Hill,  Leicester. 

JOURNEYMAN,  or  SECOND  GARDENER, 
in  a  good  establishment.- Age  24;  three  and  a  half 
years  in  last  place — five  previaus.  Can  be  well  recommended 
by  last  and  previous  employers.— -A  LUSBY,  137,  Sydney 
Street,  King's  Koad,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  PROPAGATOR  or  PALM 

tf  GROWEB  in  gentlem-au's  establishment  or  nursery.— Age 
27;  good  character.— H.  KOBIXSOX,  5,  Upton  Park  Koad, 
Forest  Gate.  Essex. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment,— 
Age  20;  five  years  in  present  situation.     G;ood  character. 
— W.  SEBLEY,  The  Gardens,  Woodhall  Park,  Hertford. 

JOURNEYMAN,   in   the   Houses.  — Age  24; 
six  years'  good  character.- G.  WITHAM,  The  Gardens. 
How  Hatch,  Brentwood,  Essex- 

OURNEYMAN,   in   Houses.— Age  21; 

two  years  in  last  situation.  Good  character.— G.  FUL- 
FORD,  The  Gardens,  Sunningdale  Park,  gunningdale,  Berks. 

TOURNEYMAN,   in  the   Houses,- Age  21  ; 

tJ  five  years'  good  experience  in  OrchidSj^Ferns,  Palms,  &c. 
Good  knowledge  of  Propagating.  Excellent  references.  Bothy 
preferred.— F.  D.,  1»a,  Moiitpelier  Road  East,  Twickenham. 

TOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.  — Age  20; 
fj  five  and  a  half  years'  experience  in  Growing  Vinea, 
Cucumbers,  Plants,  and  Cut  Flowers,  &c.  Good  character 
from  last  situation.  —  A.  MILLAR,  1,  Park  Terrace,  St. 
Leonard's  Road,  Eastbourne. 

JOURNEYMAN  (Second),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment; a^e  22.— Mr.  Taylor,  Langley  House  Gardens, 
will  be  pleased  to  recommend  a  young  man,  who  his  been  in 
present  situation  over  two  years.  —  Particulars  on  appli- 
c-ition  to  Mr.  TAYLOR.  Langley  House,  Slough,  Bucks. 


IMPROVER. — Age  17  ;   has  been  two  years  in 
a  Nobleman's  Garden.      Willing  to  give  £10  Premium. 
Bothy  preferred.— JAMES  BAKER,  Wytham,  Oxford. 

IMPROVER,  in  Gentleman's  Garden.— Age  16 ; 
strong.  Has  had  some  experience.  Wagas  not  so  much  an 
object  as  gaining  a  thorougli  knowledge  of  Gardening. — 
J.  KEEP,  Watereud,  North  Mimms.  Herts. 

T^O  NURSERYMEN  or  GARDENERS.— 
Wanted  a  situation  by  a  young  man  (age  21),  in  Nursery 
or  Garden  Houses.  Nine  years'  experience  in  the  above  work. 
Good  Tree  man.  Propagator,  Budder,  Bouquet  Maker  and 
general  man.  Excellent  character. — J.  HURRELL,  Brixton, 
near  Plympton. 

''PO  FLORISTS. — Young  man  seeks  a  situation 

-L  in  Nursery.  Age  21;  six  years'  experience  in  Fruit, 
Flowers,  and  general  Market  stuff.  —  G.  BALDWIN,  7, 
Road,  Belvedere,  S.E. 


TO  GARDENERS.— Wanted,  by  a  Youth, 
(age  17),  a  situation  under  a  Gardener.  Abstainer.  Good 
character.  Has  had  some  experience. —  J.  B.,  Gardener's 
Cottage.  Ferudale  Road.  Brixton,  S.W. 

n^O  GARDENERS.— Mr.  Roche,  Gardener  to 

X.  Lord  Stafford,  Cossey  Hall.  Norwich,  ■\\ill  be  pleased  to 
recommend  to  any  Gardener  a  man  for  Inside  or  Outside  Work. 
Age  25;  churchman. 

To    NURSERYMEN,    &c.— A    young    man, 
about  18,  with  experience  in  Nursery  and  able  to  Drive 
well.— SMAIL  AXD  CO.,  23,  Lime  .Street,  City,  E.G. 

SALESMAN  or  GROWER.— Experienced  in 
both  Shop  and  Nursi-ry  Work.  Good  references. — 
G.  D.  G.,  Gardeners'  Chro/iicle  OfTice,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

TNVOICE  CLERlPand  FOREIGN   CORRE- 

X  SPONDENT  (French,  German,  and  English).— Age  25  ; 
good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  Seed  Trade.  Apprenticed  to  the 
former.  Can  be  highly  recommended.  London  preferred- — 
G.  E..  Seahrook  &.  Co.,  Swanley  Junction,  Kent. 

YfANAGER,  HEAD  SHOPMAN,  or 

1*X  TRAVELLER.— The  advertiser  is  open  for  an  engage- 
ment as  above,  having  had  twenty  years'  nrst-class  practical 
experience  in  all  branches  o!  the  trade  in  London  and  Pro- 
vincial Houses.— C.  D.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &.  Son,  152,  Hounsditch, 
London,  E.G. 

ANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN,  in  the 

Retail  Seed  Trade. —  Thoroughly  conversant  in  all 
branches  of  the  Business.  First-class  references. — H.  J.  W,, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office.  41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

To  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

MANAGER,  SHOPMAN,  or  any  position  of 
trust. — Age  27  ;  thoroughly  versed  in  all  branches  of  the 
trade.  Unexceptional  references. —FICUS.  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN,  or  FIRST  COUNTER   HAND. 

O  — .4ge  24;  sis  years'  lirst-class  experience.  Accustomed 
to  a  brisk  Counter  Trade.— H.  PAGE,  .Messrs.  Thomson,  20. 
High  Street.  Birmingham. 

SHOPMAN  or  WAREHOUSEMAN.  —  A 
Seedsman  (Scotchman,  age  23)  desires  re-engagement  as 
Shopman  or  Warehouseman:  nine  years' practical  experience 
in  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade.  First-class  references.— DAPHNE, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Assistant). — Age  21 ;  live  years' 
experience.  Good  knowledge  or  Plant  and  General 
Nursery  Stock  and  Seed  Trade  in  all  branches.  —  Mr. 
HARDING.  St.  Neot's.  Hunts. 

URSERY    TRADE.— Advertiser,  who    has 

had  several  years'  experience  in  both  Office  and  Outdoor 
Work,  seeks  an  engagement  with  a  good  firm.  Can  fill  a  good 
all-round  place,  taking  entire  charge  if  required.  Good  Book- 
keeper and  Correspondent.  Highest  references  as  to  ability 
and  trustworthiness. — W.  M.,  19,  Winslade  Road,  Upper 
Clapton,  London,  E. 

0  THE  NURSERY  and  SEED  TRADE.— 

Situation  of  trust  wanted  by  a  well  educated  young  man 
Cage  25).  Used  to  Selling.  Good  Correspondent.  Well  ex- 
perienced in  Plants  and  Nursery  Work.  Can  Solicit  Orders. — 
F.  R.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

ORTICULTURAL  DRAUGHTSMAN  and 

HOT- WATER  ENGINEER  —A  man  of  great  experience. 
Good  at  Designs,  Estimating,  Heating,  Details,  &c.  Has  had 
experience  in  Glazing  without  putty,  Landscape  Gardening, 
and  all  work  connected  with  the  business.  Moderate  salary. — ■ 
A.  Z.,  74,  Fosberry  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

STATE  CARPENTER.— Married,  no  family. 
— Thoroughly  efficient  in  all  branches;   also  Painting. 
Glazing,    and    Plain    Gardening.      Good    references.— G.    C, 
13.  Harvest  Eoad,  Hornsey  Koad,  IlolloKay,  N. 

HOLLOW  AY'S  PIL  LS.— Enfeebled 
existence. — This  medicine  embraces  everj'  attribute 
required  in  a  general  and  domestic  remedy.  It  overturns  the 
foundations  of  disease  laid  by  defective  food  and  impure  air. 
In  obstructions  or  congestions  of  the  liver,  lungs,  bowels,  or 
any  other  organs,  these  Pills  are  especially  serviceable  and 
eminently  successful.  They  should  be  kept  in  readiness  in 
every  family,  being  a  medicine  of  incomparable  utility  for 
young  persons,  especially  those  of  feeble  constitutions.  They 
never  cau'je  pain  or  irritate  the  most  sensitive  nerves  or  most 
tender  bowels.  HoUoway's  Pills  are  the  best  known  puriflers 
of  the  blood,  the  most  active  promoters  of  absorption  and  se- 
cretion, whereby  all  poisonous  and  obnoxious  particles  are 
remoA-ed  from  both  solids  and  fluids. 


236 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AtJonsT  20,  1887. 


STEVEN      BROS     &   C<> 
HOT        WATER        APPARATUS. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
CUCUMBER  FRAMES 

Are  always  in  stock,  ready  to  be  sent  off  on  receipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the  beat  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a  proper 
manner.  The  FRAMES  are  of  l^inch  boards,  24  inches  high 
at  back,  and  13  inches  high  in  front,  bolted  at  the  comers, 
easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  LIGHTS  are  2  inches 
thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  one  handle  at  the  top,  and 
the  whole  paintod  four  coats.  The  glass  is  ENGLISH  21-oz. 
■weight.  PACKED  and  sent  CARRIAGE  PAID  to  any  station 
in  England  and  Wales,  also  to  Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry, 
Cork,  Glasgow,  and  stations  equivalent. 


Cases 


allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No.  75.— Cucumber  and  Melon  Frame.    Ail  sizes  in  stock. 

CASH     PRICES, 

Including  the  Use  of  Packing  Cases. 

Length.    WiJth.  Price. 

2-LIGHT  FRAME           8  feet  by  6  feet  ...  £3    5  0 

3  „            „        12  feet  by  6  feet  ...  4  12  6 

4  „            „        16  feet  by  6  feet  ...  6    0  0 

5  „            „        20  feet  by  6  feet  ...  7    7  6 

6  „            .,        24  feet  by  6  feet  ...  8  16  0 

Smaller  frames  are  made.    See  LISTS,  post-free. 

CATALOGUES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heatiiif^  Ait|i;ir:iln^,  (innien  Frames  in  every 
variety,  Garden  Implement.i.  Wat.'r  c':irt«.  Pumps,  and  every- 
thing required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  post-free  on 
application. 

ESTIMATES  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt  of  particulars. 

LADIES  and  GENTLEMEN  waited  upon  by  appointment 
in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

NORWICH. 

RICHARDSON'S 


^jX^oRticultural  buildings 

^  Fixed   in   any   part  of  the 

C-    .  -^^       Kingdom  with  Hot-water 
-     yO^\_         Apparatus  complete, 

7  CEKTIFICATES  of  MEKIT  ^s^'. 

In  1886.  ^*\.'^ 

North  of  England  Horticultural  Works/W' 
DARLINGTON. 


6  PRIZE  MEDALS 


CATALOGUE 
FREE. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION.  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN^CHAPELS.  SHOOTING  LODGES.  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


o  w 


Is 


JAMES  BOYD  &  SONS, 


PAISLEY. 


HOT-WATER     APPARATUS    for     WARMING     CHURCHES,     SCHOOLS,     PUBLIC     BUttDINGS.     MANSIONS. 
HARNESS  ROOMS.  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

WHY     PAY    HIGH     PRICES, 

When  you   can   purchase   a    thoroughly    good    and    sound    Chamjmgne  for 

30/-D0ZEH.     GEVENCEY.     30/-»»ze"- 

SOLE    AGENTS :— 

JOHN   C.   HANDS  Sc  CO., 
99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C., 

OLD-ESTABLISHEB    WINE    and   SPIRIT    MERCHANTS   and  AGENTS. 


NEW      BOOK        i     PHOT     LITH       R    PRFD     SKETCHES      of     WINTER     G 
VTNERIES   AK       ITECT    R4X  C    NSE  T        L      &  u    D      gn    and  S 

h        d      mp    te  b    u     n  di£f  p  he      un  rv      n  h  pa       lUar   of    h    mew    t 

of  the     n  u  y  P  e  on  app  ca      n      T  obe     ho  wi  h  o  possesa  the  on  y      mp  et« 

hshed  ^*ill  do  well  to  obtain  from  ua  a  copy  of     Horticultural  Buildings  ;   their  Construction,  Heating,  and  Interior  Fittings, 
2nd  Edition,  with  123  Illuatrations,  by  F.  A.  Fawkes,  post-free,  5s. 


J  FVS.     RANGES    of     HOTHOUSES, 

tly  cmi»truc'ted,  erected,  fitted,  and 

w?      ful  Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus 

fie  work  on  the  subject  yet  pub- 


W.   RICHARDS, 

41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand, 

LONDON,  W.C. 

, 1887. 


Please  send  me  "  The  QAnDBNKBs'  Chboniclb  "  for 

_,/or  which  I  enclose  P.0.0._ 


commencing __^ 

Eg"  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Direct  ftom  tnis  Office  must  be  paid  for  In  advance.  ,M 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  16s.;   6  Months,  7s.  6ii. ;  3  Months,  3s.  id.;   Post-free. 
FOREION  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Iiicluding  Postage,  17s.  M.  for  12  Months.    India  and  China,  19s.  W. 
Receipts  for  less  than  six  mouths' subscriptio 


,  not  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office, 
No.     42,     DBTJBY    LANE,     London,     to    W.     RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


Editorial  Conununications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Qardeu,  London  W.O. 
Printed  by  William  BiohabdS,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bbadbuby.  Aqkew  *  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  WhiteJriara.  City  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Middlesex,  anlPubbahed  by  the 
said  William  BloaABDS.  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's.  Covent  Garden,  in  the  said  County.— SatoBOAY,  August  20. 1887.   Agent  tor  Manoheetei— JOKK  UBTwaos. 


Established  i84i 


No.  35.-V0L.  II.  {s^,X} 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  27,  1887. 


[Regt.  as  a  Newspaper. 


fPRICE   3d. 

I    POBT-FEIE,  3id. 


CONTENTS. 


Apiary       248 

Aster  Bouquet    Pyrami- 
dal Rose 252 

BelgianBotanical  Society  252 


Couifere  at  Dropmore    ... 
Co-operation    and     allot- 

meutgarleD3 

Cypripedium  prrestana  ... 
Dendrobium       polyphle- 

bium  var.  Emerici 
Dishonest  exbibiting     ... 
Floristd'  flowers  at  Blan- 


n,  the 


253 


Flower  gardi 
Forestry     ... 
Gardening    appointment    26: 
Glasgow     Botanic     Gar- 
dens         24; 

Hardy  fruit  gardt 


Herbaceous  border 
Kew  Bulletin 

Andrews  v.  Great  Eatt- 
ern  Bailway 


Kitchen  garden,  the  ... 
Maxillaria  molitor 
Myriocarpa  colipensis  ... 
Orchid  notes 
Pear  Congress  Report  ... 
Plants  and  their  culture 
Pomegranate,  double    ... 

Potatos      

Silver  Fir  at  Roseneath 
Societies  : — 


ards 

Royal  Horticultural  ... 

Shiopshire         

Taunton  Deane 

Trowbridge      

Streptocarpua       Kewen- 

siax         

Town  garden,   a  French 

Trees  and  shrubs 

Vegetable  trials  at  Chis- 


Watering  plants... 
Yellow  Water-Lily  fly 
Weather,  the 


Illustrations. 


Pine-stove  at  Chatsworth 
Streptocarpus  Kewensisx 
Town  garden,  plan  of  a  French,, 
Yellow  Water-Lily  fly  (two)     .. 


Now  ready,  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series.  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.~All  NuTnbers 
of  the"  Gardeners'  Chronicle'' from  January  \ 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 
R    Y    S    T    A    L         P   A    L    A    C    E.— 

ANNUAL  FRUIT  EXHIBITION  and  GRAND  NATIONAL 
DAHLIA  SHOW,  FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY,  September  2  and  3. 

For  particulars  of  Fruit  Show,  apply  to  Mr.  HEAD,  Super- 
intendent Garden  Department,  Crystal  Palace.  Entries  Close, 
August  27.  .,_^^ 

Entry  Forms  for  Dahlia  Show  on  application  to  Mr.  HENRY 
GLASSCOCK,  Rye  Street,  Bishop's  Stortford.  Entries  Close, 
August  26. 

LASGOW    and    WEST    of    SCOTLAND 

HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
The  AUTUMN  FLOWER  SHOW  will  be  held  within  St. 
Andrew's  Halls.  Granville  Street.  Glasgow,  on  WEDNESDAY. 
September  7.  Prize  Schedules  and  Tickets  of  Admission  to  be 
had  from  the  Treasurer,  Mr.  CHAS.  MACDONALD  WILLIAM- 
SON, 194,  West  George  Street,  Glasgow;  any  of  the  Directors, 
or  at  my  Office  here.    Members'  Tickets,  25.  tirf.  each. 

FRANC  GIBB  DOUGALL,  Secretary. 
167,  Canning  Street,  Glasgow. 

A  T  H       AUTUMN       SHOW, 

WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  September  7  and  8. 
Amongst  the  Prizes  offered  are  for  : — 

12  Foliage  Plants.  1st,  £6  ;   2nd,  £4  ;  3rd,  £2. 
12  Stove  orGreenhouse  Plants,  Ist,  £12 ;  2nd,  £8 ;  3rd,  £4. 
6  Orchids.  Ist,  £2;  2nd.  £1. 
8  Dishes  of  Fniit,  1st,  £3 ;  2nd,  £2 ;   3rd,  £1. 
8  Bunches  of  Grapes,  4  vars.,  1st,  £5  ;   2nd.  £3;   3rd,  £2. 
6  other  Classesfor  Grapes  in  varieties.  Prizes  in  proportion. 
Entries  Close  September  3.    For  Schedules  apply  to 

,,  •.,-,         o.      t  u  »k  EENJ.  PEAESON,  Sec. 

14,  Milsom  Street,  Bath. 

HELTENHAM    and    COUNTY    of 

GLOUCESTER   HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 

Established  1825. 

AUTUMN  EXHIBITION.  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY, 

September  14  and  15.    A  Special  Prize  of  Ten  Guineas  ^^ill  be 

awarded  for  the  best  Nine  Dishes  of   Fruit.      Entries  close 

September  10.    Schedules  of  Prizes.  &c.,  may  be  obtained  on 

application  to  W.  H.  BRIDGEWATEK,  Secretary. 

57,  Regent  Street,  Cheltenham. 


LAING'S  BULBS,  for  Early  Forcing.— 
White  Roman  HYACINTHS,  Kne  large  roota,  14s.  per  100; 
extra  large  picked  roots.  16s.  per  100.  Paper  White  and  Double 
Roman  NARCISSUS,  9s.  per  100.    All  carriage  free. 

CATALOGUES  Gratia  and  Post-free. 
JOHN  LAINO  AND  SONS,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


Hyaclntbs,  Tulips,  Crocus,  LlUes,  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBEKUEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now    ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.    SILBERR.1D  and    SON,   25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London.  E.G. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY.— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.     Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Bre-ilau,  Germany. 

AST      LOTHIAN      STOCK, 

for  present  sowing.    Very  superior  strain.    Scotch 

saved.    Crimson.  Purple.  Scarlet,  and  White. 

Crimson  and  White  Wallflower-leaved,  Is.,  2s.  6(/.,  and  5s.  pkt. 

IRELAND  AND  THOMSON.  81.  Princes  Street.  Edinburgh. 


Begonias  a  Specialty. 

BR.  DAVIS  invites  an  inspection  of  his 
•  BEGONIAS,  now  in  Full  Blixjm.  at  The  Yeovd  Nur- 
series, Hendford  Hill,  Yeovil.  Several  hundreds  of  specimens 
grown  in  pots  and  many  thousands  planted  in  the  open  ground. 


Fema—FemB— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.       Dvson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS— "  PTERIS."    LONDON. 


BOUVARDIAS,  line  bushy  plants,  30s. 
per  100;  CYCLAMENS,  good,  in  48'3,  30s.  per  100; 
GARDENIAS,  strong  plants.  30s,  per  100;  Tree  CARNA- 
TIONS, best  sorts.  .30s.  per  100— good  plants. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

ENISTAS,  good  stuff,  in  60's,  £1  per  100. 
CHARLES  WOODROFFE.  Sudbury,  Harrow,  N.W. 

ESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 

NintSERVMEK,  Sidcup,  and  285,  288,  287,  288.  Flower 
Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 

Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION.  SIDCUP." 


SQUELCH  AND  BARNHAM, 
North  Row,  Covent  Garden.  W.C,  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STRAW- 
BERRIES, CHOICE  FLOWERS.  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily;  Cheques  weekly,  or  as  preferred 
by  Sender.    Baskets  and  Labels  supplied.    References  given. 


EUCHARIS—EUCHARIS.— Highest  Market 
Prices  for  really  good  and  well-packed  blooms  of  the 
above.         WISE  AND  RIDES.  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

EACHES  !  NECTARINES  1  GRAPES !  &c. 

— Highest  Market  Prices  guaranteed  for  really  good  and 
well  packed  fruit  of  above.— WISE  and  RIDES.  Covent  Garden. 

ANTED,       CUTTINGS     of     BEDDING 

GERANIUMS,  all  kinds. 
E.  COOLING,  Mile  Ash  Nurseries,  Derby. 

ANTED,     GERANIUM     CUTTINGS  — 

Jacoby,  Vesuvius,  J.  Gibbons.    State  price  to 
AYRES,     110,    Sunny    Hill,    Strcatham,    Surrey,    S.W. 


w 


To  Growers  of  Snowdrops. 
ANTED,    SAMPLES  with  Price,  to 

THOS.  BUTCHER.  Seed  Merchant.  Croydon. 


w 


ANTED,  SCARLET  VESUVIUS 

GERANIUM  CUTTINGS.    Sample  and  price  per  1000. 
CHARLES  WOODROFFE,  Sudbury,  Harrow,  N.W. 


WANTED,  New  Varieties  (not  m  commerce), 
of  GARDEN,  VEGETABLE,  and  FARM  SEEDS, 
BULBS,  and  TUBERS.— Addresi,  with  particulars,  to  J.  S., 
John  Heywood,  Manchester. 


WHITE    TRUMPET    DAFFODILS    from 
Spain,  and  other  line  varieties,  hitherto  not  in  com- 
merce, collected  in  Portugal,  Spain,  and  the  Pyrenees.    LIST 
Free  on  application  to 
BARR  and  SON.  12  and  13,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.O 


''rO    OFFER,    a    Collection   of  Choice  Stage 

i  AURICULAS.  20  varieties.     Apply  to 


A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamterops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER.  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill.  London,  N. 


Camellias,  Azaleas.  Rhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchids, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,        Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy.  Ghent.  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 
Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars.  London.  E.C. 

Now  in  Full  Bloom. 

BEGONIAS.  —  Awarded  Three  Gold  Medals, 
Unequalled  as  a  floral  display.     Visitors  are  cordially  in- 
vited; free  admission.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  West 
End  to  Catford  Bridge  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS.  Stanstead  Park.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

Novelty— Novelty-Novelty. 

AM.  C.  JONGKINDT  CONINCK  begs  to 
•  offer  his  large  stock  of  strong  SPIR*:A  PALMATA 
ALBA.  JE7  10s.  per  loo.— Royal  Tottenham  Nurseries,  Dedems- 
vaart.  Zwolle.  Netherlands. 

BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown  stock 
of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties).  EPACRIS,  SOLA- 
NUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMENS,  BOUVARDIAS,  ADLAN- 
TUM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDENIAS,  STE- 
PHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  CROTONS,  GREVLLLEAS, 
VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade  CATA- 
LOGUES forwarded  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL  SALE  by  AUCTION  wiU  be  held  EARLY  IN 
SEPTEMBER. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries.  Lee.  S.E. 


LAXTON'S  "NOBLE"  STRAWBERRY.— 
The  only  Fruit  which  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
from  the  lioyaL  Horticultural  Society  in  the  year  ending  Ju?ie, 
1887,  and  the  only  Fruit  Certificated  at  the  Society's  great 
Liverpool  i>how,  July,  1886.  This  wonderfully  large,  handsome, 
and  prolifie  early  Strawberry,  of  first  quality,  made  the  highest 
wholesale  price  in  Covent  Garden  Market  during  the  past  three 
seasons.  Mr.  J.  Muir,  after  trying  and  forcing  it,  says,  "  In 
my  opinion  the  most  extraordinary  and  valuable  Strawberry  in 
cultivation."  Particularsof  this  and  "  Laxton's  Jubilee,"  a  fine 
new  late  variety;  see  previous  issues  of  this  Paper — also  free 
on  application.     Coloured  plate  of  "  Noble,"  6d.,  from 

THOMAS  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 

New  Roses  in  Pots. 

LIST  of  the  most  select  sorts  now  ready, 
Gratis  and  Post-free. 

TEA    and    NOISETTE      ROSES, 
of  best  sorts  only,  in  pots,  in  great  quantity 
and  of  best  quality. 
SAJdPLE  DOZEN  of  really  good  Plants,  in  5-inck  pots,  carefully 

packed  for  travelling,  put  on  rail  on  receipt  of  15s. 
HAIiF  a  DOZEN  ditto,  on  receipt  of  83. 
EWING  AND  CO., 
Sea  View  Nurseries,    Havant,    Hampshire. 

STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovbl 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  maybe  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free.  Sd.—W.  LOVEL  AND  SON.  Strawberry  Growers.  Driffield. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SIIARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleaded  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 

FOR  SALE,  between  5  and 6 Quarters  of  Selected 
DRUMHEAD  SAVOY  SEED,  this  year's  growth.    Applyto 
Mr.  TAYLOR,  Drinsey  Nook  Nurseries,  Saxilby,  Lincoln. 


238 


THE    GABDENERS'     CHIiONIGLE. 


[AuGnsT  27,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 


Every  Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday. 

DUTCH     BULKS.  —  OREAT     UNRESERVED     SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68.  Oheapside.  London.  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, and  SATURDAY,  at  halt-past  11  o'clock  precisely, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quality,  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Tuesday  Next. 
ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER— SPECIAL  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  Central  Sale  Booms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
August  30,  at  Half-past  Vi  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  collection  of 
ORCHIDS  in  Flower  and  Bud,  including 


Cattleya  Gaskelliat 
,,    crispa  superba 
Odootoglossums,       Cattleyas, 
Oncidiums,  &c.,  invariety. 
Lselia  elegant 


Oni 


Masdevallia  Veitchiii,  grandi- 

flora 
Cypripedium  Auguste  Regnier 
,,     cardinale 
Godefroyo? 


ng  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

CATTLEYA  AUREA. 
EPIDENDRUM  WAXLISII. 
OUONTOGLOSSUM  VEXILLABIUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  J.  Charlesworth,  Heatoiii  Bradford,  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms.  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT.  September  2,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely. 

CATTLEYA  ATTREA.  in  extra  fine  condition,  and  consisting 
of  pieces  such  as  hare  never  been  offered  before.  They  have 
been  collected,  carefully  packed,  and  quickly  forwarded,  by 
Mr.  W.  Hennis,  who  has  had  great  experience  in  collecting 
C.  aurea'(vide  Reichenbachia,  Part  II.).  The  plants  are  very 
scattered  in  their  native  country,  and  it  is  therefore  difficult 
to  gather  them  in  quantity. 

EPIBENDRUM  WALLISII.  — This  desirable  species  gro^vs 
■with  tall,  leafy  stems,  producing  numerous  flowers  ;  sepals  and 
petals  of  a  rich  golden-yellow  colour,  marked  with  small  crim- 
son spots  ;  lip  white,  striped  with  magenta-purple,  flowering 
through  the  winter  season,  and  lasting  three  to  five  months  in 
perfection. 

AUoa  nice  lot  of  ODONTOGLOSSUM  VEXILLARItTM,  in 
good  condition. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 

CATTTEYA  SANDERIANA  (without  ^e9e^^■e). 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR.E. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  Shuttleworth,  Carder  Sc  Co.. 
to  include  in  their  sale  of  ORCHIDS  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  Sep- 
tember 2,  CATTLEYA  SANDERI.\NA  in  good  condition  (for 
unreserved  sale),  also  ODONTOGLOSSUM  ALEXANDR.E.  the 
best  type,  in  fine  condition.  Oncidium  Weltoni  (true).  O. 
Kramerianum,  0.  sarcodes.  Sec. 

The  Sale  will  also  include  about  100    of    choice  selected 
Established  Orchids,  and  an  importation  of  Vanda  tricolor. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

East  Greenwich. 

Expiration   of    Leu-se.— Clearance  Side. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  Crook  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the 
Premises,  The  Nursery.  Vanbrugh  Hill.  East  Greenwich,  on 
WEDNESDAY.  September  7.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  without 
reserve,  the'erections  of  five  GREENHOUSES,  BRICKWORK. 
HOT- WATER  PIPING  and  BOILERS.  Also  the  whole  of  the 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  in  variety;  FERNS  of  sorts  ;  several 
FRAMES  and  BOXES,  IRON  WATER-TANK,  FLOWER 
POTS,  and  other  effects. 

On  view  the  day  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  had  on  the 
Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers.  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G., 
and  Leytonstone. 


The  Great  Annual  Trade  Sales  of  Greenhouse  Plants. 

Important  to  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  call  attention  to  the  following  SALES,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  add  the  names  and  addresses  of  intending 
purchasers  who  may  desire  to  receive  Catalogues,  which  will 
be  forwarded  free  of  expense. 

Auction  Rooms  and  Estate   Offices,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C..  and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Swanley  Junction,  Kent. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALE   of   immense  quantities  of 

GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  unusually  well  grown. 

Important  to  the  Trade. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  P.  Ladds,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises.  The  Nurseries,  adjoining  Swanley  Junction 
Station,  Kent,  on  THURSDAY.  September  8,  at  II  oClock 
punctually,  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  1200  lots, 
the  following  Stock  ;— 
10,000  GENISTAS,  in  40  and  48  pots. 
6.000  ,,         in  60  pots. 

10,000  HEATHS,  Winter  Flowering,  in  40  and  48  pots,  beau 
tifuUy  grown  and  abundantly  set  with  flower  lauds.  - 
300  G.4.RDENIAS.  large  specimen  plants. 
10,000  CARNATIONS,  Tree,  consisting  of  all  the  best  winter 

flowering  varieties. 
15,000  KOSES.  Tea,  splendid  plants. 
2.000  ADIANTU.M  CUNEATUM,  good  plants. 
1,000  CYl'ERUS. 

90  STEPHANOTIS,  large  specimen. 
600  PALMS,  in  variety. 
1,000  GERANIU.MS,  New  White,  Queen  of  Whites  Improved, 
F.C.C.,  Royal  Botanical  Society,  May  19,  1886, 
400  DRAC^NAS.  200  CROTONS,  500  PTEKIS  TREMULA 
400  ACACIA  ARMATA,  and  other  Stock. 
The  Stock  may  now  be  viewed,  and  an  inspection  is  invited. 
Catalogues  may  be  obtained  of  Mr.  P.  LADDS,  at  the  Nurseries, 
Swanley  or  Bexley  Heath,  Kent;    or  of  the  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G. ,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Kew  Nursery,  Rlclunoncl. 

FRIDAY,     SEPTEMBER     9. 
IMPORTANT  TRADE  SALE  of  Tliousands    of    PALMS,    in 
various     sizes;     DRACAENAS,     FERNS,     VARIEGATED 
AZALEAS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  K.  Drost,  Successor  to  Mr.  H.  Herbst, 
to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  Kew  Nursery.  Rich- 
mond, on  FRIDAY.  September  9,  at  11  o'Clock  precisely. 

An  immense  quantity  of  PALMS,  remarkably  well  grown 
and  clean,  in  thumbs,  60,  48.  32,  and  24  pots. 

Fine  table  and  decorating  plants,  and  a  splendid  healthy 
stoclt  of  small  ones  for  growing  on.  Including  2700  Latania 
borbouica.  4000  Euterpe  edulis,  1700  Seaforthia  elegans.  1300 
Cocoa  Weddelliana,  1100  Kentia  Balmoreana  and  Fosteriana, 
170  K.  Canterburyana.  450  Geonoma  gracilis  and  Verschaf- 
feltii.  400  Corypha  australis,  Phuenix  recHuata.  and  rupi- 
cola.  in  32's  ;  Areca  lutescens  and  sapida  Chamitdorea  elegans. 

A  few  large  specimen  plants, 
COCOS  WEDDELLIANA.  15  leaves,  7  feet  high. 
CYCAS  NEO  CALEDONICA,  10 leaves,  5  feet  high. 

6  Latanias,  Areca  lutescens,  A.  sapida,  Aspedistra^,  and 
further  the  following  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS-.— 
VARIEGATED  AZALEAS,  VARIEGATED  and  GREEN  ASPI- 
DISTRAS, large  plants  of  Camellia  albo  pleuo,  500  Azaleas, 
DraCEenas,  Y'ucca  recurva,  Pteris  tremula,  in  32'9 ;  Adiantum 
Victoria.  A.  Edgeworthii,  3000  small  Ferns,  splendid  variety, 
some  Shrubs,  Lilacs  for  forcing,  and  30.000  Spanish  Iris  of  the 
well-known  collection,  besides  Tulips,  Narcissi,  and  Liliums. 
The  collection  of  Palms  is  exceedingly  fine. 

May  be  viewed.  '  Catalogues  obtainable  of  the  Auctioneers. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


UpJfefXdaOnton.  " 

The  SECOND  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  30,000  splendidly 
grown  GREENHOUSE  and  other  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  H.  B.  May  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  the  Dyson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton 
(about  3  minutes'  walk  from  Angel  Road,  and  8  minutes'  from 
Silver  Street  Railway  Stations.  G.E.R.).  on  MONDAY,  Sep- 
ember  12,  at  11  o'Clock  punctually,  30,000  GREENHOUSE 
and  STOVE  PLANTS,  remarkably  weU  grown,  and  in  the 
best  possible  condition,  comprising  : — 


1.000  Ampelopsis  Veitchii 

500  Clematis 
10,000  Ferns  of  sorts,  including 
Pteris  cretica  Mayii 
1,000  Azaleas,  Fielder'sWhite 
May  cow  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers.  67  and  68.  Cheap- 
side,  London,  E.C. ;  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


10.000  Tree     Carnations,     th 
be-it  varieties 
2.000  Tea  Roses 
2.000  Variegated  Ivies 
4.000  Miscellaneous  Plants 


Lee.  Kent,  S.E. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE,  to  commence  punctually  at 
11  o'clock  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Burnt  Ash  Lnne  Nurseries. 
Lee,  S.E..  adjoining  the  Railway  Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
September  13,  at  11  o'Clock  punctually  without  reserve. 

25,000    WINTER  BLOOMING   HEATHS, 
beautifully  grown  and  lemarkably  well  set  with  bloom-buds, 


icludmg- 
15.000  Erica  hyemalis 

5,000  Erica  gracilis 
Large  quantities  of 

melanthera  ventricosa 

perspicua  erecta 

Cavendishii 
And  other  best  kinds 
A  large  quantity  of  smallErica 

hyemalis  for  growing  on 
8000    Solanum    capsicastrum, 

in  berry  [double 

6000  Bouvardias.    single  and 
2000  Genistas,  very  fine 
Cyclamen  persicum 
2000  Adiantum  cuneatum 
Alsophila  australis.  in  24's  and 


3000  Lomariagibba,  true,  com- 
pact variety,  and  other  Ferns 
5(J0  Epacris,  well  grown 
Boronia  megastigma 
Quantity     of     extra     strong 
Marechal  Niel  and  other  1  ea 

Grevillea  robusta 

Ficus  elastics 

Greenhouse  Passion-flowers 
Poinsettias 
Ampelopsis  Veitchii 
Stephanotis 

A    fine  lot  of  the  new  white 
Plumbago  capensis, 
16*^3  pots  Large  Gardenias  for  cutting 

Beautifully  coloured  Crotons,  &c. 
May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers.  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 

N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  intend- 
ing Purchasers  to  the  stock  to  be  offered  as  above.  The  plants 
are  remarkably  well  grown,  fit  for  immeditite  sale,  and  the 
whole  will  be  found  iu  an  equally  good  condition  as  former  years. 


Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries.  Leyton. 

ANNUAL    SALE    of   WINTER-FLOWERING    HEATHS    and 
other  DECORATIVE  and  FLOWERING  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Fmser  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premises,  The  Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries, 
Leyton,  E.  (a  few  minutes'  walk  from  the  Hoe  Street  Station. 
G.E.R.).  on  WEDNESDAT.'SepTemljer  If.  at  11"  6"Clock  pre- 
cisely, in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots,  a  fine  assort- 
ment of  WINTER-BLOOMING  HEATHS,  including  hyemalis 
and  others;  large  quantities  of  CYCLAMEN,  Eraser's  superb 
strain  ;  BOUVARDIAS,  SOLANUMS,  splendidly  berried  ; 
GENISTAS.  Tree  CARNATIONS,  LAPAGERIAS,  CLEMATIS 
indivisa  lobata,  and  other  greenhouse  climbers;  ROSES, 
including  Marechal  Niel,  W.  A.  Richardson,  of  extra  size,  and 
a  variety  of  Tea-scented  and  Hybrid  Perpetuals  ;  Clematis 
Jackmanni.  and  other  fine  sorts;  Ampelopsis  Veitchii,  varie- 
gated and  other  Ivies;  Passion-flowers,  Jasmines,  and  other 
hardy  climbers.  A  good  collection  of  Hollyhocks  and  several 
thou-sands  of  young  Heaths,  and  Genistas  for  growing  on. 

The  above  are  all  well  grown  and  in  good  condition  for 
immediate  sale. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


Tottenliani,  N. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER  FLOWERING 
HEATHS.  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  &C.,  to 
commence  punctually  at  11  o'Clock,  there  being  upwards 
of  1200  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  the  Executors  of  the  late  Mr.  John  Mailer 
toSELLby  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Brunswick  Nur- 
sery, Tottenham  (close  to  White  Hart  Lane  Station,  G.E.R.), 
on  THURSDAY,  September  15,  at  11  o'clock  precisely,  without 

10,000  Winter-blooming  HEATHS— including  hyemalis,  graci- 
lis, caffra,  Wilmorea,  and  others. 
5.000  SOLANUMS— well  berried. 
6,000  FERNS—Adiantums,  Pteris,  &c. 
3.000  Tree  CARNATIONS,  leading  varieties. 
6,000  BOUVABDIAS. 
3,000  GENISTAS. 
1,000  Double  White  PRIMULAS. 
l.OOO  Stove  and  Greenhouse  CLIMBERS. 

DIPLADENIAS  of  sorts.    ALLAMANDAS,  BO0GAIN- 
VILLEAS,  STEPHANOTIS,  TACSONIAS. 
1,000  PASSIFLORAS,  and  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII. 

500  CROTONS  and  DRACAENAS,  beautifully  coloured. 
1,000  PALMS.  FICUS.  &c. 

Large  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS  for  cutting   from. 
Many  thou^nds  of  small  ERICAS  ;  and  a  collection  of 
other  useful  Stock. 
May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  and  Ley- 
tonstone, E. 

N.B.— The  whole  of  the  Stock  is  in  first-rate  condition,  tlie 
Ericas  being  especially  well  set  for  ilo 


Sldcup,  ^ent,  S.E. 

Siith  great  Annual  TRADE  SALK  of  Winter-flowering 
HEATHS,  ROSES,  and  other  Plants,  forming  one  of  the 
finest  and  largest  Collections  ever  submitted  to  the  public 
in  a  single  day.  The  stock  of  Heaths  is  unrivalled  (with- 
out doubt  the  finest  lot  ever  offered  by  Messrs.  Gregory  & 
Evans),  the  plants  being  particularly  well  grown,  beauti- 
fully set  with  flower,  and  worthy  of  inspection  by 
intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans  to  SELL  b 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Longlands  Nursery,  Sidcuy 
(ten  minutes'  walk  from  Pope  Street  Station,  South-Easterp 
Railway),  on  FRIDAY,  September  16.  at  II  o'clock  preciselyu 
in  consequence  of  the  unusually  large  number  of  1600  lots,  an, 
enormous  quantity  of  exceedingly  well-grown  Wiuter-blooming 
HEATHS  and  other  PLANTS,  which  are  unsurpassed  in  the 
Trade.  To  convey  some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  Stock, 
the  following  quantities  may  be  mentioned  : — 
30,000  ERICA  HYEMALIS 

10,000      „    GRACILIS 

6,000      „    CAFFRA 

5,000      ,,    mixed  varieties 

2,000      „    CAVENDISHH 

2.000      „    MAGNIFICA 

2,000      .,    COCCINEA  MINOR 

8.000  BOUVARDIAS.  of  sorts 

7.000  SOLANUMS,  well  berried 

8,000  CYCLAMEN,  fine  plants,  best  m 

6,000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM 
5,000  FEKNS,  of  sorts 
3,000  DOUBLE  PRIMULAS 
2,000  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA 
1.000  AMPELOPSIS  \'EITCHU 
10,000  ROSES,  grown  especially  for  this  Sale,  4  feet  and 

15  feet  in  height. 
Thousands  of  small  HEATHS  and  GENISTAS  for  growing  on. 
The  stock  is  now  arranged  for  sale,  and  may  be  viewed. 
Catalogues  maybe  had  on  the  Premises;  and  of  the  Auctioneers 
and  Valuers.  67  and  63.  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


All  in  40 


All  in 
43  pots. 


Lewisham,  S.E. 

IMPORTANT  TRADE  SALE  of  PALMS,  FERNS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  received  instructions  from  Mr,  K.  Bullen  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Woodlands  Nursery, 
Lewisham.  S.E.,  on  SATURDAY.  September  17,  at  11  o'Clock 
precisely,  an  immense  quantity  of  remarkably  well-grown 
STO\'E  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  the  following 
English-grown  Palms,  in  perfect  health  and  condition,  in  32'3, 
48's,  and  60's ;  about  40OO  Latania  barbonica,  2000  Seaforthia 
elegans.  2000  Areca  Baueri,  sapida,  and  lutescens ;  500  Kentia 
Fosteriana  and  Balmoreana,  250  Cocos  Weddelliana.  500 
Corypha  australis,  1000  Phoenix  rupicola,  1000  P.  canariensia, 
Sec. :  2000  Adiantum  cuueatum,  lOUO  A.  decorum,  1000  Pteris 
tremula,  1000  P.  cretica  major,  cristata,  and  a  large  number 
of  the  following  Ferns :— Lomaria  gibba,  Polypodium  aureum. 
Gymnogramma  peruviana,  Lastrrea  aristata,  Cyrtomium  fal- 
catum  and  amoena,  in  32's  and  48's ;  large  quantities  of  Tree 
Carnations,  Dracfena^,  GreviUeas,  Roses  in  pots.  Gardenias, 
Eucharis.  Sec. ;  about  200  Azaleas,  Fielder's  White  and  indica 
alba.  in33'3,  24'3.  andie's. 

The  Stock  may  now  be  viewed.    Catalogues  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises,   and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  63,  CheapJde,  E.G., 

Leytonstone,  E.  

Forest  Gate. 
Excellent  opening  for  small  Capiti»li,-ts.  Almost  without  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Billings  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  the  Nursery,  Upton  Lane,  Forest  Gate,  on 
MONDAY.  Septomber  19.  at  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  BENE- 
FICIAL INTEREST  in  the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY,  with 
6  Greenhouses,  Cottage,  and  1  Acre  of  Land,  subject  to  the 
very  low  rent  of  £30  per  annum.  Also  in  suitable  lots  the 
whole  of  the  well  grown  stock  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS.  May  be  viewed.  Particulars  obtainable  of  the  Auc- 
tioneers, ti7  and  6x.  Cheapside.  E.C. ;  and  Leytonstone.  E. 

The  Wellington  Road  Nursery,  St.  Jolm's  Wood, 

adioiuing  Lord's  Cricket  Ground. 
UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE,  the  LAND  having  been 
purchased    by    the  Committee   of    the     M.C.C.    for    the 
extension  of  their  ground. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Son,  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises  as  above,  on  TUESDAY, 
September  20,  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  GLASS 
ERECTIONS,  consisting  of  16  GREENHOUSES,  thousands  of 
feat  of  PIPING.  BRICKWORK^  Sec. 

Detailed  particulars  will  appear  next  week. 


AnocsT  27,  1887.1 


THE     GAEDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


239 


Dulwlch.— By  Order  of  the  Mortgagees, 

Highly  Imixjrtant  to  -Market  Giinle.iers  nnd  Florists. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  at  a  pulIing-do\vn  price, 
21  Modern  Greehoiises.  27.0i;iO  feet  of  tila-ss,  5000  feet  of 
Piping,  with  Leasehold  Dwelling-house,  and  3  Acres  of  Ground. 
Ground  Rent  only  £31. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  a.nd  MORRIS,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  Loudon.  E.C. 

Tliursday  Next.— (Sole  No.  7468.) 

VALU.A.ELE     l.Ml'ORTED     ORCHIDS. 

ME.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  3S.  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden.  W.C,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  on  THURS- 
DAY NEXT,  September  1,  at  half-past  la  o'clock  precisely, 
splendid  importations  of  the  following  ORCHIDS,  the  whole  in 
escellent  order  [and  condition,  with  sound  dormant  eyes  and 
healthy  foliage. 

Cattleva  Do\vian;l,  line  lot  Pilumna  nobilis 

„     Schilleriana  Oneidium  Forbesii 

,,     pumila  ,,     Papilio  majus 

,,    Leopotdii  ,,    sarcodes 

„    Scholieldiaua  .,    bicolor 

„    granulosa  Colax  jugosus  [oum 

,.    Oaskelliana  Odontoglossum      Schleoperia- 

Lffilia  har^wphylla  Stanhopea  Wardii 

„    xanthina  Comparettia  falcnta 

Odontoglossum  OErstedii  Oucidiums  from  the  Brazils 

And  many  other  choice  ORCHIDS. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7468.) 
MYSTACIDIU.M    FILICORNE. 

MR.  J.  C.  STE'^'ENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden.W.C.  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  1, 
n  fine  lot  of  the  rare  and  beautiful  MYSTACIDIUM  FILI- 
CORNE, illustrated  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  30,  1887. 
It  is  a  cool-house  plant,  of  the  habit  of  Angrajcum  Kotschyi, 
and  producing  elegant  racemes  of  white  fragrant  flow,3rs  in 
great  profusion,  many  of  the  plants  offered  having  flower-spikes ; 
also  a  few  tufts  of  the  fine  DISA  SECUNDA.  with  red  flowers 
nearly  as  shosvy  as  D.  gnindiflora  ;  DIS A  L-lCER-l,  with  violet 
flowers;  and  other  rare  DISAS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 
Special  Sale  of  Orchids  In  Flower  and  Bud. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 
his  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS,  in  Flower  and 
Bud,  will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  :«.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C..  on  WEDNESDAY.  September  14.  and  he 
will  be  glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS  for 
this  SALE,  will  send  particulars  as  soon  as  possible. 

Bulbs-Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
athi9GreatRooms..^^.KingStreet.  Covent  Garden.W.C, 
every  MONHJAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  First-class 
BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

SALE     hy     AUCTION, 

SURPLUS    STOCK 


Small  GREENHOUSES.  Slow-Combustiou  HEATING 
APP.4.RATUSES.  HAND-LIGHTS.  MELON  FRAMES. 
Iron  POTTING  SHEDS,  HORTICULTURAL  GL.tSS, 
BOILERS,  &c..  at 

ANCHOR  WORKS,  Queen  Street,  Chelmsford, 

en  WT.DNESDAY,  August  31,  at  2  P.M. 

For  Catalogues,  apply 

CROMPTON  AND  FAWKES.  Chelmsford. 


w 


ANTED   TO   RENT,   a   GARDEN,  with 

2  or  3  Glass  Houses. 
Address  particulars  to  A.  B.,  2.  Howard  Strppt,  Oxford. 

Preliminary  Notice.— CMswick,  Middlesex. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  by  direction  of  the  Executors 
of  the  late  Mr.  Joseph  Jessop.  the  LEA.SE  and  GOOD- 
WILL of  the  BUSINESS  of  a  JIARKET  GARDENER,  Stock- 
in-Trade  and  Growing:  Crops  on  about  200  Acres  of  Market 
Garden  Ground,  in  excellent  state  of  cultivation,  with  Resi- 
dence and  Farm  Buildings  (all  in  good  repair),  known  as  Grove 
Farm,  Burlington  Lane.  Chiswick.  The  said  Business  of  a 
Market  Gardener  has  been  in  existence  for  many  years  past. 

Further  particulars  and  orders  to  view  of  Messrs.  FINNIS 
AND  WYLIE.  19.  Surrey  Street.  Strand,  W.C.,  and  Vestry 
Hall,  Chiswiek,  Middlesex. 

Somerset. 

BRIDGWATER  NURSERIES  and  SEED 
BUSINESS.  Established  1820.~-In  conseiinence  of  the 
death  of  the  late  Proprietor,  the  above  is  offered  fur  SALE  by 
the  Executors  under  the  ■will. 

There  is  about  15  acres  of  Nursery  Ground  of  the  first 
quality,  well  stocked  with  Fruit  Trees,  Forest  and  Ornamental 
Trees  and  Shrubs,  of  a  varied  description,  and  in  fine  healthy 
condition.  About  8  acres,  including  that  with  the  Glass- 
house.s,  belong  to  the  Estate,  and  will  be  LET  on  LEASE  or 
SOLD, 

The  Shop  is  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  where  a  good  busi- 
ness is  done  in  Seeds,  Cut  Flowers,  and  Sundries,  and  is  only 
five  minutes'  walk  from  the  Nursery, 

The  whole  concern  is  offered  at  a  lump  sum,  or  may  be  taken 
at  a  valuation  in  the  usual  wav. 

For  further  particulars,  and  'to  view,  apply  to  R.  TUCKER, 
Narseryman,  Faringdon,  Berks. 

Kent,  near  Railway  Station. 

TO  BE  LET,  or  SOLD,  a  Small  NURSERY, 
about  10  miles  from  London. 
C.E.B.,GariCT!e7-s'C'AriOTic(e  Office,  41,WemngtonStreet,W.C. 


TO  BE  LET,  a  FLORIST'S  and  FRUIT- 
ERER'S, with  Small  NURSERY.  Good  opening  for 
Beginner.  Large  neighbourhood,  close  to  Station.  Present 
occupier  selling  through  illness.  Stock.  Goodwill,  all  at  £l.'iy. 
Bent,  £30.— Apply.  F.  A.  CREW,  Kew  Gardens.  S.W. 


To  Market  Gardeners. 

TO  BE  LET,  with  eiitrv  ;it  once,  by  valuation, 
llj  Acres  of  firat-cluss  M.iltKET  GARDEN  GROUND, 
in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  well  stocked  with  thriving  Fruit 
Trees,  with  suitable  Buildings,  and  well  placed  on  the  borders 
of  thetown  of  Reading.  Ouemile  from  theRailwayStations.- 
Apply  to  Messrs.  HASLAJI  AND  SON.  17,  Friar  Street,  Reading. 

To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelm,is  next,  about  13^  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plaistow.  aitimt.d  in  the  Prince  Regent's 
Lane,  and  close  to  the  Barking;  Roml.    For  particulars  apply  to 
Messrs.  CLUTTON.  9.  Whitehall  Place.  S.W. 


D 


UTCH  BULBS. 


"TilRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 

ANT.  ItOOZEX  AND  SON,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen.  near  H.Tarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  DUTCH  BULBS  are  invited  to  read 
ANT.  ROOZEN  and  SONS  CATALOGUE  for  1887,  and  see  the 
large  saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower. 
The  Catiilogue.  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections 
of  New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars 
as  to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application 
to  them,  or  to  their  Agents.  MEKTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill.  London.  E.C. 


n^ 


jAFFODILS,  White  Trumpets,  &c.— Over  150 

X>  varieties  to  select  from!  "  UARTLAND'S  'ORIGINAL' 
LITTLE  BOOK  of  DAFFODILS,"  including  a  special  offer  of 
sweet-scented  Oxiips,  Cowslipg,  and  Primroses,  isnowready.  It 
is  the  best  guide  to  Daffodil  knowledge  ever  published,  consider- 
ably enlarged — medium  quarto  size — find  full  of  life-size  origi- 
nal drawings  by  Gertrude  Hartland.  The  Book  can  be  had  for 
18  stamps.  Ita  duplicate,  witliout  the  illustrations,  free  to  all 
applicants.  Please  write  for  them.  The  Bulbs  are  uncommonly 
healthy,  all  grown  in  fresh  pasture  loam  and  sea  sand. 

\VM.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Old  Established  Seed  Ware 
house,  24.  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 

0(\  (\C\(\   CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,  of  all  the 

OV/^Vv'V/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants  ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5|-inf  li  pota,  2s.  6(2. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.—RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants.  Worcester. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

Strong  Roots,  4s.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots.  16s.  per  100; 
ditto  in  large  pots.  25s.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  Co.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester. 

JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOR  EARLY  FORCING. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  AVhite,  fine  selected 

routs,  2s.  per  .lo/i-n.  l.i.s.  fr  100. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Koman,  Is.  Qd.  per  doz., 

lu.^.  per  100. 
,,    Paper  White,  Is.  Qd.  per  dozen,  105.  per  100. 

TULIPS,    Duo   Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

S,i.  per  dozen.  4s.  per  100. 


All  Carriage  Free.    Catalogues  Gratis  and  Post-free. 


THE     PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 
CHARD,     SOMERSETSHIRE. 


DUTCH     BULBS     CHEAP. 

FRENCH     BULBS     CHEAP. 

ENGLISH     BULBS     CHEAP. 

See  our   Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulbs, 
free  on  application^ 

con  t.'iiningList  of  all  the  best  varieties  otHYACINTHS.TULIPS, 

CROCUS,  LILIES,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS,  SXOWDROPS,  &c. 
Please  compare  our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


WHITE      ROMAN      HYACINTHS, 

and  all  other  Bulbs  for  earliest  forcing. 
CATALOG  UE   (No.  -3.3.3  J    POST-FR  EE. 

"James  Dickson  &  Sons" 


108  EASTGATB  ST. 
'NEWTON'  NUBSEREES 


}CHESTER. 


BRIGHTON  and  SUSSEX    FLORICULTU- 
RAL  and  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 
GRAND  AUTUMN  EXHIBmON.  SEPTEMBER  14  and  15, 
at  the  Royal  Pavilion,  Brighton.   1st  Prize,  8  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  £8 ;  1st  Prize  Groupof  Ferns,  jes ;  1st  Prize  Miscel- 
Group,  £^.    Entries  Close  September  10.    Schedules  of 
EDWARD  CARPENTER,  Secretary. 
.  St.  James's  Street,  Brighton. 


Prizes  to  be  had  of 
Secretary's  Offic, 


N 


ATIONAL         CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY.  Royal  Aquarium.  Westminster,  S.W. 
EARLY  CHRYSANTHEMUM.  DAHLIA,  and  GLADIOLUS 
EXHIBITION.  SE1>T.  14  and  15.  Schedules  free  on  appli- 
cation. The  Floral  Committee  will  meet  Sept.  14,  Oct.  12  and 
26.  Nov.  9  and  23.  and  Dec.  7.  Medals  are  offered  for  competi- 
tion at  each  Meeting  for  New  Chrysanthemums.  See  Schedule. 
WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 
Frampton  Park  Nurseries.  Hackney.  E. 

OYAL     JUBILEE      EXHIBITION, 

'  Manchester. 

A  GRAND  EXHIBITION  of  FRUITS  and  FLOWERS  will 
be  hehi  on  SEPTEMBER  16  and  17.  For  Schedules,  apply  to  the 
undersigned.  „       ,      .        BRUCE  FINDLAY. 

Royal  Botanical  Gardens,  Manchester. 

p  R    Y    S    T    A    L         PALACE.— 

\J  SCHOOL  of  LANDSCAPE  GARDENING  and  IMPROVE- 
MENT of  ESTATES.  Principal,  Mr.  Milnkr.  Surveying  and 
Engineering  Applied  to  Beautifying  and  Improving  Land. 
Next  Entries.  SEPTEMBER  1.  l^osi>ectU3  of  the  undersigned, 
F.  K.  J.  SlIENTON,  Super.  Educational  Dep<irtment. 

''PHE  METROPOLITAN  BOARD  of  WORKS 

JL  will  meet  at  the  Office  of  the  Board,  Spring  Gardens, 
S.W.,  on  FRIDAY,  the  14lh  day  of  October,  1887,  at  12  o'clock 
at  noon  precisely,  and  will  then  be  prepared  to  OPEN 
TENDERS  by  persons  who  mav  be  willing  to  CONTRACT  for 
the  FORMATION  of  CARRIAGE  ROADS  and  a  LAKE,  and 
other  Works  in  connectioD  therewith,  in  Dulwich  Park, 

Persons  desirous  to  submit  Tenders  may  (upon  the  payment 
of  Three  Guineas  to  the  Accountaut  of  the  Board;,  obtain 
Copies  of  the  Drawings  and  Specification,  Form  of  Tender,  and 
other  particulars,  on  application  to  the  Superintending  Archi- 
tect of  the  Board,  at  the  Office,  Spring  Gardt-ns,  between  the 
hours  of  9  A.M.  and  4  P.M.  (or  on  Saturdays  between  the  hours 
of  9  a.m.  and  2  p.m.),  until  Thursday  the  13th  day  of  October, 
ISS7.  The  Tenders,  which  must  be  on  the  Form  supplied  from 
this  Office,  and  be  addressed  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Board,  are  to 
be  delivered  at  the  Office  before  4  o'Clock  on  the  last-mentioned 
day,  and  no  Tender  will  be  received  after  that  hour.  Any  Tender 
which  is  not  fully  filled  up  in  every  particular  will  be  rejected. 

The  Board  do  not  bind  themselves  to  accept  the  lowest  or 
any  Tender. 

Spring  Gardens,  S.W. —August  26.  1887. 

J.  K.  W.VKEFILLD,  Cl.-rk  of  the  Board. 


WcTJte  aiiQ  See^: 


OUR    BEGONIAS. 

ALL  those  who  take  the  greatest  interest  in  this 
very  wonderful  family  pronounce  not  only  our  display  but 
our  own  strain  is  much  the  nearest  perfection  in  existence. 
No  disease  or  mildew  ever  been  seen,  and  such  remarkable 
dwarf  quick  growth  that  there  is  no  difficulty  in  getting  fine 
plants  covered  with  immense  blooms  like  Hollyhocks  from  seed 
the  first  year,  and  many  distinct  colours  altogether  different 
from  those  usually  seen  and  shown.  Although  our  display  of 
other  flowers  is  wonderful,  and  far  exceeds  any  other  establish- 
ment, the  collection  of  Begonias  alone  is  more  than  sufficient 
to  repay  the  journey. 

H.  CANNELL  &  SONS, 

FLORISTS, 

SWANLEY,       KENT. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE 

4rf.  per  bushel :  100  for  25s. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40s. :  4-bushel  bags,  4rf.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  id.  per  saok ;  6  sacks, 
25s. ;  sacks,  4rf.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  S  sacks,  223. ;  sacks, 
id.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  9rf.  per  bushel;  16s.  per  half 
ton  ;  26s.  per  ton,  in  2-busbel  ba);s.  4rf.  each. 

YELLOW  FfflROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD.  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS.  8s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES.  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIRQIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS.  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  O.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17i.  Coal  Yard).  W.C. 


PEAT  and  SAN  U.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  lOs.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6(i.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15.t.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  55.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  %d.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Farnboro"  Station,  Hants. 


EPPS'S    SELECTED    PEAT 

Is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  for  all  kinds  of  CHOICE 
PLANTS,  FERNS,  HEATHS,  &c.  ;  and  their 

Specially  Selected  do.  for  Orchids, 

by  innumerable  unsolicited  Testimonials.  Rhododendron  PEAT, 
LEAF-MOULD.  LOAM,  SAND.  SPHAGNUM,  COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE,  CHARCOAL.  &c.,  and  all  kinds  of  Garden  Requisites, 
and  NURSERY  STOCK.     For  Price  List  and  Testimonials, 

EPPS  &  CO.,    BINGWOOD,    HANTS. 


240 


THE    GAEDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AnansT  27,  1887. 


FRIDAY  NEXT. - 


rCATTLEYA    AUREA, 
^EPIDENDRUM    WALLISII, 
(ODONTOGLOSSUM    VEXILLARIUM. 


MESSRS.     PROTHEROE      &     MORRIS'  are   instructed  by  Mr.   J.  CHAELESWORTH,Heaton, 

Bradford,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Kooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  2,  at 
half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely  : — 
CATTLEYA  ATJREA,  in  extra  fine  condition,  and  consisting  of  pieces  such  as  have  never  been  offered  before.     They  have  been  collected, 
carefully  packed,  and  quickly  forwarded  by  Mr.  W.  Hennis,  who  has  had  great  experience  in  collecting  C.  aurea,  vide  Reichenhachia,  Part  II.     The  plants 
are  very  scattered  in  their  native  country,  and  it  is  therefore  difficult  to  gather  them  in  quantity. 

EPIDENDRTJM  WALLISII. — This  desirable  species  grows  with  tall  leafy  stems,  producing  numerous  flowers.  Sepals  and  petals  of  a  rich 
golden  yellow  colour,  marked  with  small  crimson  spots;  lip  white,  striped  with  magenta-purple;  flowering  through  the  winter  season,  and  lasting  three 
to  live  months  in  perfection.         Also  a  nice  lot  of  ODONTOGLOSSUM   VEXILLABIUM,  in  good  condition. 

On  view  moniiiii/  of  Sale,  and  CataliyucH  had. 


ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  Stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursfry  is  of  :^iuh  tujignitmie  that 
without  seeing  it  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adeijuate  conception 
of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

FEUIT  TEEES,  EOSES,  AZALEAS,  CAMELLIAS, 

BOUVARDIAS,  CYCLAMENS.    ERICAS,  EPAOKIS,  PRIMU- 
LAS, SOLANUMS,  TREE  CARNATIONS,  and  other 
WINTER   and    SPRING   BLOOMING   PLANTS, 
Of  fine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 
Inspection  Invited. 
Tlie  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  ot  274,600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW     &     CO., 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,   E. 

"  SIR         WATKIN  " 

IS  THE  BEST  OF  ALL  THE  NARCISSI. 

Priced  CIRCULAR  (No.  334;  of  this  and 
all  other  Narcissi  post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     &     SONS, 

NEWTON  NURSERIES,  CHESTER. 

SPECIALTIES. 

TEA-SCENTED  BOSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Pescriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 


are  ci^^^'^^^yn^h  the.  -Sr^lKT^ef-     

Jioyeeyergec^^^^ajyecl- 1^  ^^VfflKlEY,  KENT. 


CALCEOLARIAS- 

I's.  per  dozen ;  in  pots,  as.  per  dozen. 
CYCLAMEN  BULBS- 

Averagii)^  I  to  2  inches  over,  just  starting  and  ready 
for  potting.  4s.  per  dozen;  30s.  per  100.  Will  make 

PRIMULAS- 

1.!.  M.  per  dozen,  lis.  per  100;  in  pots,  16s, per  100. 
CINEEARIAS- 

Is,  per  dozen.  7s.  per  100;  in  pots,  12s.  per  lOU. 


H.     CANNELL    &     SONS, 

THE     HOME     OF     FLOWERS,      SWANLEY,     KENT. 


SUTTON'S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


THURSDAY   NEXT.-(SaIe  No.  7468.) 

MYSTACIDIUM     FILICORNE. 


"ly/TR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his 

^^  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT, 
September  1,  a  fine  lot  of  the  rare  and  beautiful  MYSTACIDIUM  FILICORNE,  illustrated  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  July  30,  1887.  It  is  a  cool-house  plant  of  the  habit  of  Angr^cum  Kotschyi, 
and  producing  elegant  racemes  of  white  fragrant  flowers  in  great  profusion  ;  many  of  the  plants 
offered  having  flower  spikes.  Also  a  few  tufts  of  the  fine  DISA  SECUNDA,  with  red  flowers  nearly 
as  showy  as  D.  grandiflora ;  DISA  LACERA,  with  violet  flowers,  and  other  rare  DISAS. 

On  view  morni7ig  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


WHY     PAY     HIGH     PRICES, 

When  you   can   purchase   a    thoromjhhj    good    and    sound    Champagne  for 

30/.D0ZEK.     GEVENCEY.     30/-°»^e». 


SOLE    AGENTS :— 


JOHN   C.   HANDS  &  CO., 
99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G., 

OLD-ESTABLISHED    WINE    and   SPIRIT    MERCHANTS  and  AGENTS. 

THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


Please  send  me  "  The  Qaiideneiis'  Chronicle  "  for  _ 
commencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.O.O.. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

11,  Welllngtan  Street,  Strand, 

LONDON,  W.C. 

_1887. 

Months, 


(S°  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  ftir  In  advance.  ^ 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM;— 12  Months,  15s.;  6  Months,  7s.  td.;  3  Montlis,  3s.  M.;   Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  lis.  6d.  for  12  Months.    India  and  China,  19s.  & 

Receipts  for  less  than  six  mouths'  subscription  will  not  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office, 

No.     42,     DRXTRY    LANE,     London,     to    W.     RICHARDS, 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


August  27,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


241 


B    U    L    B    S. 

B.  S.  WILLIAMS 

Has  much  pleasure  in  announcing  that  he 
has  this  year  been  entrusted  with  the  whole  of 
the  Order  for  BULBS  required  by  the  Metro- 
politan Board  of  Works  for  the  various  Parks, 
&c.,  under  their  jurisdiction,  in  the  Metropolis, 
his  Tender  in  open  competition  being  accepted. 

Orders  for  DUTCH  andFRE^XH  FLOWER- 
ING ROOTS  of  all  kinds  are  now  being  executed. 
The  quality  of  the  Bulbs  is  excellent  this  year, 
they  being  unusually  large  and  well  ripened. 


EARLY    ORDERS   SOLICITED. 


ILIiTJSTRATED       BULB       CATALOGUE 

Is  now  readi/,    and  will  be  fonmrdcd 
Post-free  to  all  applicants. 

VICTORIA  AND  PARADISE  NURSERIES, 

UPPER  HOLLO  WAY,  LOXDOX,  X. 


EARLY  WHITE 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

OUR  LARGE  COXSIGXMEXTS 
of  ROJIAN  HYACINTHS.  PAPER  WHITE  NAR- 
CISSUS, &(•..  are  to  hand  in  splendid  condition,  and 
we  have  murli  pleasure  in  offering  fine  picked  Bulbs 
at  moderate  prices  as  below,  carriage  free ; — 
WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  line  roots,  2j.per 

down.  l.T<,  p.T  liwi.  141K-.  per  1000. 
WHITE   KOMAN   HYACINTHS,  ordinary  .sized  roots. 
Is.  Vd.  p.T  a.i/.'ii.  l-V    Jier  IW,  110s.  per  lOOO. 

NARCISSUS,  Paper  White,  splendid  for  forcing,  is.erf. 

per  .li.7..n.  los.  M.  per  luo,  90s.  per  lOOO. 
NARCISSUS,     Paper    White,    new.     large    flowered, 

spleiidi.l  variety,  much  superior  to  the  old  sort,  2s.  Gd. 

per  dozen,  l.'is.  per  100. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  Sne  roots,  is.  6d.  per 

dozen,  10s.  6d.  per  100,  90s.  per  1000. 
Our  beautifully    Illustrated    CATALOGUE    (64   pages 
imperial  size)  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  Fruit 
Trees,  Roses.  &c.,  is  now  ready,  and  should  be  read  by  all 
intending  purchasers  before  making  their  selection. 


DANIELS     BROS., 

ROYAL    NORFOLK    SEED    ESTABLISHMENT, 

NORWICH. 


DUTCH    AND    OTHER 

FLOWERING    BULBS. 


Superb  qualities  at  moderate  prices. 
Illustrated  Priced  Catalogue,  contain- 
ing List  of  all  the  very  lest  varieties  of 
Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocuses,  Narcissi, 
Lilies,  Snotvdrops,  S^-c,  Post-free  on 
application. 

F.  &  A.  DICKSON  &  SONS, 

HE        Q  U  E  E 1 
SEEDSMEN, 


pUTBUSH'S      MILL- 

\J  TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  kno«Ti  to  require  descrip- 
tion, IMce,  6s.  per  bushel  {\s.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  6rf.  per 
cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post.  Is. 


No: 
age3  and  print 
enclosed,  with 

WM,     CUTBUSH 
(Limited),    Nurserymi 


led  pack- 
l  directiou3 
attached. 
SD  SON 
and    Seed 


SW^^SeTs     Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


EARLY  BULBS 

AT    DUTCH    PRICES, 

To   Produce   Beautiful   White   and    Coloured 
Flowers  fur  Christmas  Decoration. 


WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

THE    LARGEST    BULBS    OF    THE    YEAR. 
Price,  per  100,  143. ;   per  dozen,  2b. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  lOO,  103.  ed. ;  per  dozen,  la.  6d. 

PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  lOs.  6d. ;   per  dozen,  Is.  6d. 

VAN    THOL   TULIPS,  Red  and  Yellow. 
Price,  per  100,  4s.  ed. ;  per  dozen,  9d. 

EXTRA  LARGE  SNOWDROPS. 

Price,  per  100,  3s. ;  per  dozen,  6d. 
Detailed  CA  TALOG  VE  Gratis  and  Post-free. 

ALL     PARCKLS     CAHI'.IAGE     FREE. 

Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  tlie  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  tlie  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORH,  LONDON. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE,   containing    "Hints    on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties. 

including    Descriptive      "  List    of    New,    Rare,    and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.   &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 

15,000   TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LEADING  VARIETIES, 

Fine  plants,  in5J  and  6-inch  pots,  IS.';.,  lbs.,  and  18s.  per  dozen, 

according  to  size. 

The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 

any  in  the  country.    LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 

application.        .p^^^  ^^  ^^^  .^^^^  ^.^  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTXIRAL  CO. 

(JOHN   COWAN),    Limited, 

THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSEKIES,  GARSTON, 

NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  I85.  to  36*\  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

IFRCFYFRUIT     TREES. 

1/  1^  rV  O  ^  I  Car^i.^gc  Paid.  Cordons  a  ppecialite. 
Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogues  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU 
AND  SON,  High  View  Nurseries,  who  will  send,  carriage 
paid  for  cash  with  order,  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  for  21s. 
Early  orders  secure  extra  strong  plants. 

NARGISS  AND  ALL  OTHER  BULBS. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  of  our  unequalled 
stock  Post-free  on  application. 

"James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

108  EASTGATE  ST. 
'NEWTON'  NURSERIES 


T 


Now  ready.  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 
HE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 

Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.   RICHARDS,    41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.O. 


NEW         EDITION, 

Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  COTTAGERS  CALENDAR 

of 

GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  Zd.,  Post-free  Z\d. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

London,  W.C. 


THE 


SATURDAY,  AUGUST  27,  1887. 


GLASGOW  BOTANIC  GARDENS. 

T^HE.SE  gardens  are  now  in  what  may  be 
-^  called  a  state  of  "suspended  animation"  be- 
cause of  the  failure  of  the  annexation  scheme  in 
the  House  of  Lords.  The  proprietors,  or  those 
responsible  for  the  upkeep  of  the  gardens,  owe 
the  City  authorities  a  sum  not  far  short  of 
£50,000,  and  in  these  latter  years  they  have  not 
been  able  to  pay  interest  on  the  principal  sum 
advanced,  hence  the  threat  to  foreclose.  On  one 
condition  only  would  the  City  take  over  the 
gardens  and  maintain  them  from  the  rates,  and 
that  was  that  two  or  three  of  the  outlying  burghs 
immediately  in  proximity  to  the  gardens  should 
pay  their  proper  share  of  City  burdens.  The 
burgh  of  Kelvinside  was  agreeable,  but  the  burgh 
of  Hillhead  was  not,  and  stoutly  opposed  the 
annexation  scheme,  without  success,  in  the  Com- 
mons, but  with  success  in  the  Lords,  which  has 
caused  this  deadlock.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
this  is  only  temporary.  In  the  meantime  the 
City  authorities  have  taken  possession  of  the 
g.ardens  from  the  garden -proprietors,  and  are 
simply  keeping  them  in  working  order,  and  they 
are  practically  closed  to  the  public.  During  the 
"  Fair "  holidays,  by  consent,  they  have  been 
thrown  open,  and  will  remain  so  for  a  week  or 
so,  but  afterwards,  unless  for  the  purposes  of  the 
botanical  student,  they  will  be  again  placed  under 
lock  and  key,  and  may  shortly  be  exposed  to  auc- 
tion sale.  It  is  impossible  to  tell  what  may  event- 
ually be  the  upshot,  but  in  the  interests  of  horti- 
culture, and  as  a  valnaljle  public  resort,  it  would 
be  a  thousand  pities  if  the  gardens  fell  into 
the  hands  of  a  building  speculator.  The  trees 
and  shrubs,  and  the  collections  of  herbaceous 
and  other  plant.*:,  would  of  necessity  be  more  or 
less  massacred,  and  the  beautiful  grounds,  which 
have  been  the  work  of  more  than  half  a  century, 
would  be  defaced.  All  this  sentiment,  however, 
will  have  little  effect  on  an  exasperated  creditor, 
and  so  we  must  be  prepared  for  the  worst.  It 
seems  only  the  other  day  that  the  fine  range  of 
houses  was  completed,  made  of  the  most  endnr- 


242 


THE     GABDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  27,  1887. 


ing  timber,  and  of  workmanship  generally  of  the 
best  description.  But,  it  may  be  asked,  what 
would  an  asset  of  this  kind  realise,  to  take  down 
and  rebuild  ?  There  seems  to  have  been  a 
lamentable  want  of  forethought  somewhere.  To 
lend  £30,000  avowedly  for  a  purpose  of  this  kind, 
and  within  ten  years  to  pull  down  again,  does  not 
say  much  for  municipal  financial  management. 

The  way  to  make  the  best  of  a  bad  job,  is 
surely  to  throw  them  upon  the  rates  generally, 
and  allow  the  three-quarters  of  a  million  pop- 
ulation to  enjoy  them  to  their  hearts'  content, 
as  they  do  the  other  parks  in  different  districts 
of  the  city. 

That  the  gardens  have  been  improving  year 
by  year  goes  without  saying ;  their  appearance 
now  is  generally  excellent,  and  there  is  a 
vast  amount  of  recreation  space  in  the  six- 
and-twenty  acres  within  the  domain.  Doubt- 
less some  scheme  of  building  in  the  frontiers 
would  not  detract  from  the  general  garden 
appearance,  or  the  general  garden  collection, 
and  it  might  lessen  the  expense  of  maintenance. 
One  is  very  much  struck  in  these  centres  of 
populations  where  smoke  more  or  less  prevails  to 
see  how  well  many  of  the  deciduous  trees  live 
and  grow,  and  if  there  be  one  year  more  than 
another  when  this  state  of  things  is  apparent,  it 
is  this  Jubilee  Year.  It  is  a  long  time  since 
Horse  Chestnuts  were  seen  in  so  good  foliation — 
indeed,  we  had  almost  effaced  it  from  our  list  of 
town  trees.  But  a  far  better  tree  for  this  kind 
of  work  is  the  Spanish  Chestnut,  with  its  foliage 
glossy  and  beautifully  green,  and  its  SpirEea-like 
plumes  of  flowers  springing  high  above  the 
foliage.  Then  the  common  Ash  (Fraxinus  ex- 
celsior), in  its  arching  form,  with  its  pinnated 
frondage  forming  a  grand  set  of  living  drapery 
— no  fountain  in  its  distribution  of  water  spray 
could  touch  it  as  seen  at  a  distance  as  you  walk 
along  the  terraces.  And  the  variegated  Plane, 
with  its  piebald  foliage,  makes  an  effective 
round-headed  ornamental  tree.  Barring  the 
Spanish  Chestnut,  formerly  referred  to,  there  is 
nothing  for  polish  and  for  delicate  greenery 
more  effective  than  the  Tulip  tree  (Lirioden- 
dron  tulipiferum).  We  certainly  agree  with 
Mr.  BuUen  in  looking  upon  this  as  one  of  the 
best  of  town  trees,  particularly  in  such  a  good 
sunny  season — much  hotter  than  usual — that  we 
are  passing  through.  For  round-heady,  bushy, 
squaHooking  lawn  trees,  the  various  varieties  of 
Thorns  stand  out  prominent,  and  their  leafage, 
small,  but  crowded  together,  catches  the  eye  in 
scanning  a  landscape.  Sycamores,  and  Elms,  and 
Service  trees,  all  do  excellently  here ;  and,  embo- 
somed under  their  shade  no  shrubs  are  more 
effective  than  the  Golden  Elder  and  the  Dog- 
wood, and  the  various  species  of  Rubus,  among 
which  R.  nutkaensis  takes  the  lead.  Its  free 
palmate  foliage  shows  up  well,  and  it  makes  a 
fine  frontage  in  an  irregular  shrubbery  border. 
The  weeping  Silver  Lime  is  a  magnificent  tree, 
its  large-sized  leaves,  turning  up  their  under  sur- 
face under  the  influence  of  the  breeze,  are  very 
striking  indeed;  and  how  well  those  Copper 
Beeches  come  in  to  relieve  the  masses  of 
greenery !  Common  Beeches  do  excellently,  being 
here  as  large  timber  trees,  but  Oaks  do  not ;  they 
go  on  well  for  a  few  years,  and  then  die. 

Conifers  of  every  description  refuse  to  do  well 
hereabouts ;  not  even  the  Austrian  Pine  is  with- 
out flaw,  and  it  is  about  the  best  scavenger  wo 
have  in  an  evergreen  way  for  a  town.  All  these 
trees  have  been  planted  for  years,  and  with  a 
view,  of  course,  to  future  effect ;  and  now  we 
can  see  the  desirability  and  success  of  the  arrange- 
ment. Masses  of  bedding-out  plants  are  grouped 
over  the  lawn,  the  Pelargonium  beds  this  year 


being  as  scarlet  with  flowers  as  the  most  pro- 
nounced colour  in  that  way  of  a  soldier's  coat. 

Herbaceous  and  alpine  plants  are  dying — at 
least,  the  weaklings  of  them — with  the  drought. 
The  collection  of  them  here,  which  is  a  very 
extensive  one,  has  been  arranged  after  the  order 
of  J3entham  and  Hooker's  Genera  Plantanim. 
It  is  one  of  the  first  so  arranged,  I  believe,  under 
Mr.  BuUen's  direction,  and  is  largely  taken 
advantage  of  by  the  students  of  the  University 
close  by.  These  arrangements,  for  the  sake  of 
inspection,  must  be  all  more  or  less  formal,  and 
put  one  in  mind  of  the  grounds  of  a  miniature 
cemetery,  with  grass  here  instead  of  gravel  walks 
separating  the  parallelograms.  The  contour  of 
the  ground  is  undulating,  and  is  admirable  in 
every  way  for  showing  life  of  the  kind  to  great 
advantage.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the 
river  Kelvin,  which  is  not  a  "  purling  brook  " 
nowadays,  and  the  burgh  of  Maryhill  on  its  oppo- 
site bank  might  well  be  "  thrown  in,"  to  get  all 
the  privileges  which  such  a  garden  affords  by 
erecting  a  bridge  to  connect  the  two. 

The  houses  are  far  more  numerous  than  the  plants 
at  present  commendably  justify,  hence  the  expense 
in  keeping ;  indeed,  there  might  be  some  extra  charge 
made  to  inspect  the  houses,  supposing  the  town 
authorities  were  taking  the  garden  over.  The  public 
might  relish  the  sight  more,  and  pay  more  attention 
to  the  contents. 

The  Ewmg  range  is  now  the  oldest,  being  erected 
against  a  lofty  wall,  which  forms  the  back  of  various 
service-houses,  such  as  tool-houjes,  store-houses,  &c. 
As  you  enter  there  is  an  annexe  containing  a  very 
fine  collection  of  cool  Ferns,  amonp  which  are 
several  Todea  superba  intermedia,  in  very  excellent 
style ;  also  Todea  pellucida,  Hyraenophyllum  de- 
missum  by  the  yard  ;  also  Tunbridgense,  all  growing 
profusely,  the  interior  not  over  dark  either — indeed, 
the  whole  of  the  hardy  Fern  race  of  the  rarer  kinds 
that  are  located  here  do  notably  well.  No.  1  house  is 
devoted  principally  to  Amaryllis ;  No.  2  to  mixed 
Ferns ;  No.  3  to  a  grand  lot  of  Maidenliair  and  a  fewgood 
Gleichenias  ;  No.  4  to  Ferns,  Begonias,  and  Aroids  ; 
No.  6  to  a  miscellaneous  lot  of  foliage  plants,  and 
here,  as  on  all  the  brick  walls,  some  good  climbers 
adorn  them,  nothing  better  than  the  Heliotrope- 
coloured  flowers  of  Plumbago  capensis  in  great 
profusion,  with  a  good  setting  of  pale  green  leafage, 
also  Cestrum  aurantiacum,  with  its  orange,  star-like 
flowers,  smelling  sweetly  at  night.  This  plant  would 
do  generally  for  most  folks  but  for  the  pungent  pea- 
meal  like  odour  of  its  leaves.  No.  6  has  a  miscel- 
laneous assortment,  some  flowering,  some  foliage 
plants,  all  in  good  health. 

Passing  from  this  to  the  lower  and  principal  range, 
to  which  we  have  previously  referred,  everything  in 
the  furnishing  way  for  setting  down  plants  is  A  1. 
The  heating-power  is  excellent,  the  boilers  being  of 
Mr.  BuUen's  own  design,  and  answering  well — the 
price  seems  to  be  tlie  most  fatal  objection  to  their 
general  use.  No.  1  here  has  a  specially  fine  lot  of 
Ferns  ;  No.  2  has  Ferns  and  Orchids  of  the  cooler 
regions;  No.  3  has  some  magnificently  grown  Azaleas, 
remarkable  Encephalartos  villosa,  Cycads,  Zamias, 
and  some  Rhododendrons  of  the  finer  Sikkim  breed ; 
No.  4  is  a  house  of  miscellaneous  ornamental  plants  ; 
No.  5  is  the  succulent-house  in  very  fine  condition 
throughout ;  No.  6  is  the  great  central  Palm-house, 
which  has  quantities  of  plants  badly  requiring  fresh 
boxing,  the  roots  protruding  in  all  directions,  but  no 
funds  are  available  for  tubs  in  the  meantime  ;  No.  7  is 
the  medicinal  and  economic-iiouse  ;  No.  8  is  a  Fern- 
huuse  of  the  hotter  regions  of  the  globe  ;  No.  9  is  a 
foliage-house,  comprising  many  excellent  things  ;  No. 
10  is  composed  cliiefly  of  tropical  Orchids,  the  Vandas 
going  along  well ;  No.  11  is  the  Victoria-house, 
with  a  lot  of  excellent  Pitcher  plants  suspended  from 
the  roof,  Mastersiaua  and  Raffiesiana  being  the  most 
prominent.  The  wonder  is  to  see  all  these  things 
with  a  minimum  of  help,  and  nothing  spent  but 
actual  wages,  and  as  much  fuel  as  will   keep  the 


tropical  plants  moving,  in  a  generally  satisfactory 
condition. 

The  Great  Winter  Garden,  once  the  Kibble  Palace, 
is  certainly  not  the  least  attractive  of  th((  sights,  and, 
what  is  of  consequence,  the  atmosphere  is  always 
pleasing  ;  moreover,  the  promenading  space  is  aiuple 
and  the  tree  and  shrub  life,  such  as  it  is,  may  be  seen 
equalled  but  not  excelled.  The  Tree  Ferns,  the 
Kentias,  the  Araucarias,  the  Camellias,  and  over  and 
above  all  the  great  excellence  and  variety  of  the 
Sikkira  Rhododendrons  command  general  attention, 
and  indeed  when  these  plants  are  in  bloom  they  are 
worth  a  long  journey  to  see. 

With  the  International  Exhibition  of  next  year 
coming  ou  under  the  auspices  of  the  municipality,  if 
the  gardens  are  to  be  retained  as  their  property, 
what  a  splendid  nucleus  they  would  be  to  draw  from 
for  the  various  fites  the  entertainment  committee 
proposes  to  have  during  the  season  !  In  addition  to 
helping  the  two  great  shows  they  have  purposed 
organising — one  at  the  end  of  May  and  the  other  at 
the  end  of  September — these  gardens  could  be  drawn 
upon,  and  that,  too,  at  a  minimum  of  expense  ;  and 
from  what  is  generally  known  of  Mr.  BuUen,  the 
Curator,  who  has  had  more  or  less  to  do  with  nearly 
all  the  great  shows  of  the  country  since  1866,  one 
feels  quite  satisfied  that  he  would  do  ample  justice 
to  the  centre  he  is  living  in  at  the  present  time. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


MAXILLAKIA  MOLITOR.  h.  ^^p* 

One  of  those  small  species  near  Maxillaria  grandi- 
flora,  Lindl. ;  it  has  similar  bulbs  and  leaves,  and  is 
stated  to  be  Ecuadorean.  The  flowers  are  smaller,  and 
the  sepals  are  not  acuminate  but  simply  acute;  the 
lateral  ones  less  broad,  all  yellow  tinged  with  brown 
at  the  superior  halves  outside ;  petals  smaller,  oblong 
lanceolate,  often  reflexed  at  the  top,  as  lateral  sepals 
are  always,  yellow.  Lip  trifid,  side  lacini?e  rounded, 
mid-lacinia  triangular,  blunt,  wavy.  Disc  mealyover 
its  surface  from  broken  hairs,  which  condition  sug- 
gested the  name.  A  transverse  crescent-shaped  naked 
callus  in  the  middle,  sometimes  blunt  triangular- 
The  part  that  is  not  covered  with  those  cellules  is 
yellow  inside,  spotted  on  the  margins  with  brown 
dots  on  lateral  laciniae,  quite  brown  on  front  lacinia. 
Column  yellow  with  red  spots  in  front;  bract  equal 
to  the  stalked  ovary.  Sheaths  y^ry  acuminate,  con- 
spicuous, not  so  broad  as  are  those  of  Maxillaria 
grandiflora,  Lindl.  I  had  this  interesting  plant  first 
from  Herr  Garten-Inspector  Ortgies,  Botanic  Gar- 
den, Zurich,  February,  1884  ;  then  it  came  several 
times  from  Herr  Consul  Kienast-Ziilly,  Hirslanden- 
Zurich ;  and  now  it  is  at  hand  from  Mr.  B.  S.  Williams, 
of  the  Victoria  and  Paradise  Nurseries,  who  received 
it  from  Mr.  Catt,  gardener  to  J.  C.  Parr,  Esq.,  Grap- 
penhall,  Heyes,  near  Warrington.  //.  G.  Bckb.f. 

Dendrobidm  polyphlebidm,  Hchb.f.  (X  ?)  and  VAR, 
Emerici,  n.  var. 
I  had  great  satisfaction  in  learning  that  Major- 
General  Emeric  S.  Berkeley,  whose  friendly  gift 
of  dried  flowers  I  had  quoted,  when  describ- 
ing this  rare,  fine,  and  mysterious  plant,  collected 
at  three  instances  the  novelty,  and  purchased  ib 
once  at  a  considerable  price.  I  have  obtained 
from  my  indefatigable,  enthusiastic  correspond- 
ent, several  supplies  of  fresh  flowers  grown  at 
Sibbertoft,  near  Market  Ilarborough,  and  thus 
there   is    no     doubt    left    that    the    dried    flowers 

*  Maxillaria  molitor,  n.  sp. — Affinis  Maxillarice  grandiflowe, 
Lindl.  :  pcdunculo  dense  ac  anguate  acuminateque  vaginato; 
bractea  acuminata  ovarium  pedicellatum  subsequale  ;  sepalis 
triangaUa  obtuse  acutig,  lateralibus  apice  retiexis;  tepalis 
lanceis  brevioribus,  labello  tri5do  laciuiia  lateralibus  obtus- 
angulis,  lacinia  medtana  triangula  obtusa  crispula,  callo  semi- 
lunari  transverso  antrorso  eeu  obtu.se  triangulo  medio  in  disco 
calvo,  disco  ex  pilis  fractis  furfuraeeo  seu  fariuoso.— Flores 
Bordideflavi;  sepalis  apice  extus  rufo  bruuneis;  tepala  flava, 
labellum  flavum.  margine  laciniarum  lateralium  brunneo 
punctatum,  lacinia  antica  omnino  brunneo-marginato.  inferne 
omnino  brunnea.  Columna  flava  punctis  antica  rufis.  H.  G. 
Sckb.f. 


AnousT  27,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


243 


sent  long  ago  are  identical  with  those  of  Mr.  O.  Winn, 
grown  by  Mr.  Swan  in  May  of  this  year.  No  doubt 
Major-General  E.  S.  Berkeley  first  collected  this 
plant. 

What  this  gentleman  calls  his  best  variety  (No.  1), 
has  exceedingly  clean,  bright  colours.  A  white  line 
runs  outside  over  the  mid  vein  of  the  lateral  sepals. 
The  dark  transverse  blotch  on  the  anterior  area  of  the 
lip  is  interrupted  by  an  amethyst  colour  bar.  The 
anterior  apiculate  border  is  pure  white,  changing  then 
to  straw-colour.  What  I  saw  had  a  most  powerful 
smell  of  Khubarb,  or  of  Dendrobium  Parishii. 
This,  the  variety  Emerici,  is  a  lovely  thing.  I  think, 
the  general  No.  2  might  serve  under  the  same  ban- 
ner. It  has  the  anterior  marginal  border  of  the  lip 
yellowish,  the  petals  have  likewise  a  whitish  stripe 
on  the  longitudinal  vein  outside.  It  is  stated  to 
have  no  Rhubarb  smell.  As  to  this,  we  know  per- 
fume depends  upon  the  degree  of  heat  —  most 
probably  from  the  health  of  the  plant ;  finally,  if 
there  is  perfume,  it  is  often  differently  judged.  I 
should  not  wonder  if  No.  2  would  give  the  best 
Rhubarb  smell  ne.\t  year. 

The  No.  3  of  the  Sibbertoft  collection  is  very  near 
the  original  type,  inasmuch  as  the  transverse  anterior 
dark  area  of  the  lip  is  continuous  and,  like  the  lip 
itself,  is  blunt. 

May  I  add  some  very  valuable  information  given 
me  by  the  possessor  of  this  series.  No.  4  of  which  did 
not  flower  this  season.  "  The  stems  of  the  plant  are 
covered  wiih  a  white  epidermis.  The  size  of  the  stem 
is  intermediate  between  the  drooping  form  of  Den- 
drobium Parishii,  Kchb.  f.,  and  of  D.  Pierardi,  Roxb., 
but  is  much  shorter  and  stouter  than  in  ordinary 
Pierardi."  (.July  6.)  "  I  do  not  crnsider  it  correct  to 
say  that  the  growth  is  like  D.  Pierardi  latifolium. 
They  are  much  like  V>.  rhodopterygium,  Rchb.  f." 
{July  12.) 

Happy  those  who  may  see  the  days  when  acute 
obsciTers  will  be  sent  out  as  State  officers,  not  to  be 
judged  by  the  weight  of  packages  sent  full  of  dried 
specimens,  living  plants,  and  seeds,  but  by  the 
value  of  their  scientific  observations.  Who  is  young 
enough  to  entertain  the  hope  to  see  such  days  ?  H. 
G.  Bohb.f. 

CvPEirEDIUM   PEvESTANS,  Kchb.f, 

I  wrote  concerning  this  plant  at  the  end  of  De- 
cember, and  now,  in  July,  a  fine  blooming,  fresh 
inflorescence  lies  on  my  table.  The  light  green 
peduncle  is  marbled  with  brown,  and  covered  with 
hairs.  The  bracts  were  less  developed  in  the  garden 
plant  than  in  the  fine  wild  specimen,  and  at  the  time 
of  flowering  they  were  dark  brown  and  dry,  which 
can  scarcely  be  the  natural  state.  You  may  describe 
the  flower  as  having  the  sepals  of  Cypripedium 
Roebbelenii,  the  petals  of  Cypripedium  Parishii,  and 
the  lip  of  Cypripedium  Stonei.  The  column  is  very 
peculiar.  The  staminode  is  like  the  tabular  horse- 
saddle,  such  as  the  poor  circus  girls,  who  jump 
through  hoops  covered  with  thin  paper,  are  provided 
with.  The  ascending  acute  stigma  is  peculiar  also. 
A  similar  column  may  be  found  in  Cypripedium 
glanduligerum,  El. !  Sepals  white,  with  purple-cin- 
namon longitudinal  stripes.  Petals  ochre-coloured 
with  a  brown  mid-line,  and  some  dark,  blackish-brown 
warts,  which  have  some  bristles  of  the  same  colour. 
Lip  of  the  lightest  greenish-ochre  colour,  showing 
pellucid  nerves  and  blotches.     Staminode  yeUow. 

The  description  was  given  by  me  in  vol.  xxvi..  No. 
677,  p.  776,  December  18, 1886.  That  of  Cypripedium 
callosum  is  in  the  same  volume.  No.  663,  p.  326, 
September  11,  1886.  Both  descriptions  are  not  to 
be  found  in  the  Hegister.  It  is  eminently  satisfactory 
to  have  the  plant  in  flower  so  very  soon,  and  Messrs. 
Linden  may  well  be  congratulated  on  their  success. 

The  Cypripedium  glanduligerum,  Bl.  (not  found 
by  Blume,  but  by  Zippel),  stands  nearest,  yet  its 
petals,  sepals,  and  colour,  distinguish  it  remarkably. 
Then  there  is  a  Cypripedium  Gardneri,  Guille- 
mard  (see  Gardeners  Chronicle,  vol.  i.,  3rd  series, 
No.  12,  March  9,  1887,  p.  383).  My  excellent 
firiend,  Mr.  G.  Baker,  J.R.S.,  was  so  very  kind 
as   to   send    me    a   copy  of  a  tracing  from    a   pho- 


tograph, sent  to  Kew  by  Dr.  Guillemand,  and 
returned.  How  regrettable  are  such  publications. 
We  learn  nothing  about  the  nature  of  the  indis- 
pensable column.  The  indication  of  colours  is 
different  from  those  seen  in  Cvpripedium  praistans. 
The  dorsal  sepal  is  said  to  be  marked  with  alternate 
stripes  of  dark  brown  and  yellow.  The  petals  are 
said  to  be  tinged  with  purple.  The  lip  is  said  to  be 
ofa  paler  shade  of  the  same  colour  as  that  of  the 
dorsal  sepal,  less  distinctly  striate.  About  the  ques- 
tion of  pubescence  I  know  nothing.  The  figure  is 
very  small,  and  not  better  than  a  small  outline.    As 


WATER-LILY  FLY. 


to  the  period  of  publication,  Mr.  Rolfe  kindly  says, 
"  July  to  December,  18S6."  Tobie  Island  may  at  one 
time  been  a  part  of  Papua  or  New  Guinea.  I  learn 
from  Mr.  William  Threlfall  that  it  was  named  in 
honour  of  Mr.  Gardiner,  a  physiologist  at  Cambridge, 
and  that  a  collector  is  in  search  of  the  plant.  Thus  wo 
may  have  become  sure  about  the  plant,  and  there  will 
soon  be  the  modern  state  of  things  as  regards  rare 
plants.  Out  of  a  large  cargo  a  few  will  come  alive 
to  Europe,  and  there  will  be  none  left  in  the  native 
country !    Erit  ilium  1  H.  G.  Rchb.  f. 


Fig.  60.— yellow  water-lily  (nuphar  lutea),  with 
eggs  inside  the  fl0wfb3  of  the  real  size, 
petaohed  eggs  magxified. 


Mtsiocaepa  colipensis,  Liebm* 
A  fine  specimen  of  this  striking  Urticaceous 
plant  was  sent  to  the  Kew  Herbarium  some  weeks 
since  by  Mr.  Owen  Thomas,  of  the  Chatsworth  Gar- 
dens. It  is  new  to  cultivation,  and  of  fine  bold 
habit ;  the  branches  are  about  an  inch  thick,  fleshy 
and  puberulous.  The  petioles  are  10  to  12  inches 
long,  stout,  compressed,  terete,  channelled  down 
the  face,  and  puberulous  like  the  stem.  The 
blade  of  the  leaf  is  15  to  18  inches  long,  and  9  to 
11    inches    broad,   when    full   grown,   elliptic-acute, 

*  Myriocarpa  colipensis,  Liebmann.  in  Vid^nsk.  Selsk.  Skr, 
5  ;  Itekie,  Nanurv.  sg  math .  a/d.,  3  bind.  p.  306 ;  M.  longipes 
(Liebm.)  var.  colipensic,  Weddell,  m  DC.  Pro*.,  vol.  ic^n., 
pirt  1,  p.  2.3.7  i:.3-i). 


rounded  at  the  base,  crenate  on  the  margin,  harsh  to 
the  touch  from  numerous  short,  rigid  hairs ;  beneath 
the  midrib  and  the  primary  veins  are  clothed  with  an 
adpressed  pubescence  ;  the  colour  of  the  leaves  is 
bright  green.  The  female  inflorescence  (I  have  not 
seen  the  male)  consists  of  pendulous,  slender,  forked 
spikes,  18 — 24  inches  long,  densely  covered  along  one 
side  with  small  flask-shaped  ovaries.  The  plant  is  a 
native  of  Mexico,  and  where  room  can  be  spared  for 
its  growth  will  make  a  bold  and  effective  appearance. 
N.  E.  Brown. 


THE  YELLOW  WATER-LILY  FLY 

It  has  long  been  known  that  the  common  flesh- 
fly,  deceived  in  its  instinct  by  the  strong  smell  of  the 
flowers  of  Stapelia  hirsuta,  will  lay  its  eggs  in  large 
numbers  within  those  flowers  instead  of  upon  carrion 
or  meat.  A  nearly  similar  instance  is  now  to  be 
recorded  of  another  insect  which,  apparently  in  like 
manner  deceived  by  the  strong  smell  of  the  common 
yellow  Water  Lily,  Nuphar  luteum,  which  is  stated 
to  resemble  brandy,  deposits  its  eggs  on  the 
petals  of  this  flower  in  large  patches,  each  consisting 
of  several  scores  of  eggs  (nearly  one  hundred  having 
been  counted  in  one  of  the  three  groups  of  eggs), 
and  on  one  flower. 

We  were  indebted  to  the  Rev.  W.  Houghton, 
F.R.S.,  about  the  beginning  of  last  July  for  speci- 
mens of  these  infested  flowers,  which,  however, 
quickly  withered,  so  that  we  were  not  able  to  trace 
the  transformations  of  the  insect  to  the  perfect 
state. 

The  eggs,  each  of  which  exceeds  a  millimetre  in 
length,  are  fastened  together  irregularly,  but  gener- 
ally longitudinally;  they  are  elongate-ovate,  rounded 
at  each  end,  and  each  is  seen,  when  highly  magnified, 
to  be  covered  with  a  fine  network  or  reticulation,  of 
more  or  less  circular  or  subhexagonal  cells  (fig.  60, 
left-hand).  It  is  to  be  presumed  that  the  larva; 
when  hatched  feed  upon  the  fleshy  petals  of  the 
flowers,  and  that  their  transformations  are  rapid. 

In  the  absence  of  direct  observations  of  the  trans- 
formation of  these  eggs  we  are  under  the  necessity 
of  recurring  to  the  notices  of  dipterologists,  espe- 
cially Robineau  Desvoide,  whose  work  {Essai  sur 
les  Myodaires,  4to),  contains  such  a  store  of  notes  on 
the  habits  of  the  species  of  the  immense  genus  Musca, 
of  LinuiBus.  In  p.  508  he  states  that  Stagnia 
nymphffiarum  is  found  in  July  on  the  "  Nenufar  des 
etangs  et  des  marais  tourbeux,"  and  in  p.  525  that 
Lispe  nymphffiicola  is  common  on  the  large  leaves  of 
the  Nenuphar,  adding,  "  J'ai  surpris  une  femelle 
pondant  une  quantite  prodigieuse  d'teufs  lenticulaires 
sur  les  petal  s  du  Nymphaja  nymphoides  ;  "  and  at 
p.  785  he  has  formed  a  genus  Nupharia,  of  which  the 
type  species,  N.  rivularis,  is  met  with  in  July  and 
August  on  the  flowers  of  Nymphxa  lutea. 

Our  English  species,  Lispe  tentaculata  (fig.  59) 
appears  to  be  the  only  one  of  the  above  which  may 
fairly  be  attributed  to  that  which  deposits  its  eggs  on 
onr  yellow  Water  Lily.  It  is  described  by  De  Geer 
{Ins.,  vi.,42),  and  by  Walker  {British  Dipiera,  vol.  ii., 
pi.  13,  fig.  1),  and  measures  about  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  in  length,  and  nearly  half  an  inch  in  the 
expansion  of  its  wings.  It  is  black,  covered  with  an 
ashy  down,  and  is  hoary  beneath ;  the  head  is  gilded 
in  front,  and  the  thorax  has  four  black  lateral  stripes 
and  a  thinner  central  one ;  the  wings  are  grey,  the 
alulets  whitish  ;  the  abdomen  with  three  whitish 
nearly  triangular  spots  on  each  segment ;  the  middle 
legs  are  the  longest  in  both  sexes,  and  the  basal  joint 
of  the  hind  tarsus  has  a  tuft  of  bristles  on  the  under 
side  near  the  base.  It  inhabits  the  borders  of  ponds 
and  lakes.  The  antenniB  (represented  on  the  left 
side  of  fig.  59)  have  the  terminal  seta  clothed  with 
fine  bristle.  /.  0.  W. 


MiNA  LOBATA.— This  is  now  in  bloom  in  No.  4 
h6use  at  Kew,  and  is  so  singular  and  withal  so  pretty 
that  we  can  but  commend  it  to  the  notice  of  pur 
readers.  It  was  figured  at  pp.  684,  685  of  our  issue 
for  November  27,  l'?86. 


244 


THE     GJEDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AnocsT  27,  1887. 


Scotland. 


FLORISTS'  FLOWERS  AT  BLANTYRE. 
The  Carnations,  Hollyhocks,  and  Pansies  exhibited 
by  Mr.  M.  Campbell,  of  Auchinraith  Nurseries, 
Blantyre,  Lanarkshire,  have  been  so  successful  at 
shows  for  many  years  that  we  determined  to  view 
them  at  their  home  recently.  We  have  rarely  seen 
Carnations  and  Picotees  cultivated  with  such  com- 
plete success,  and  certainly  did  not  expect  to  find 
such  vigorous  health  and  brilliant  colouring  in  the 
murky  atmosphere  of  north-west  Lanarkshire.  Cut 
Mr.  Campbell's  location  is  high,  and  though  near 
the  numerous  coal  mines  and  chimneys  which  are 
continually  pouring  forth  impurities  into  the  at- 
mosphere, they  lie  all  to  the  east  and  north  of  his 
position,  and  as  the  prevailing  winds  in  the  district 
being  from  the  west,  he  enjoys  a  comparatively  pure 
air.  The  soil,  though  naturally  good  and  well 
drained  is  highly  cultivated  and  enriched  with 
composts  chiefly  of  charred  materials,  wood  ashes, 
burned  turf  and  weeds.  Mr.  Campbell  holds 
that  any  compost  intended  to  be  applied  to 
Carnations  should  pass  through  the  fire.  Soot  is  a 
favourite  manure  with  him  for  them  and  produces  a 
wonderful  eff'ect  on  the  vigour  and  colour  of  the 
plants  when  applied  after  they  are  put  out  and  have 
got  a  good  hold  of  the  ground.  We  noted  the 
following  varieties  of  Carnations  as  particularly 
excellent  and  vigorous  in  habit,  and  free  blooming. 

Yellow  Selfs. — Pride  of  Penshurst,  Florence,  and 
King  of  Yellows,  each  very  distinct. 

White  Selfs. — Virgo,  remarkably  fine  form  and  pure 
colour ;  Boule  de  Niege,  large  flowers. 

Crimson,  Scarlet,  and  Rose  Selfs. — The  Mayoress, 
rich  dark  velvety  maroon,  large,  full  form,  perfect ; 
new.  Wm.  Harding,  rose-scarlet,  brilliant,  and  in 
every  respect  fine  ;  new.  Guy  Mannering,  deepest 
maroon.     Dot,  delicate  pink  ;  very  attractive. 

Pink  and  Purple  Bizarres.  —  Madame  Gyles,  a 
novelty  of  this  season,  raised  by  Mr.  Dodwell,  show- 
ing every  good  quality  of  its  class,  and  regarded  as 
a  great  acquisition  ;  Edward  Rowan,  another  by  the 
same  raiser,  sent  out  this  season  a  seedling  from 
Harrison  Weir,  with  clear  brilliant  markings  on  a 
pure  white  ground;  John  Payne,  a  very  richly 
coloured  distinct  sort. 

Crimson  Bizarri's.— John  S.  Hedderley  (Dodwell), 
new  this  season  ;  a  splendid  variety.  Joseph  Lakin, 
also  new,  by  the  same  raiser  ;  briUhant  clear  mark- 
ings on  very  pure  ground.  Mrs.  Towle,  sent  out 
from  the  same  source  last  year,  and  is  admittedly  one 
of  the  most  beautiful  Carnations  in  cultivation. 

Scarlet  Bizarres. — Reginald  Power  (Dodwell),  new 
this  season,  splendid  smooth  form,  beautifully  marked 
with  rich  maroon  and  scarlet.  Thomas  Storer,  also 
new  this  season,  large,  full,  smooth,  great  substance, 
and  rich  clear  colouring.  George,  an  older  variety, 
of  grand  properties  in  every  respect. 

Scarlet  Flakes. — Matador,  an  old  varietv  of  sterling 
merits  ;  Figaro,  also  an  old  sort,  of  unsurpassable 
e.xcellence  ;  John  Whitman,  introduced  last  season, 
very  boldly  marked  and  distinct ;  Wm.  Roberts,  new 
this  season,  exceptionally  fine  in  form,  colouring,  and 
substance. 

Rose  Flakes. — Mrs.  Gawn,  new  last  season,  one  of 
the  finest  of  its  class  ;  Mrs.  Carter,  an  old  varietv  of 
choice  quality  ;  Dorothy,  also  an  old  variety  o(  great 
beauty  and  excellent  form  and  substance  ;  Rob  Roy, 
dark  rose  flake,  of  great  size  and  magnificent  form. 
Dolly  'Varden  is  a  rich  and  beautiful  sort. 

Purple  Flakes.— Mr.  Ward,  new  last  season,  a 
grand  variety ;  Bijou,  not  so  large  as  many,  but  of 
very  fine  quality. 

Picotees. — These  are  grown  largely,  and  with  per- 
fect success.  Space  will  not  admit  of  our  giving  an 
extended  list,  but  we  may  remark  that  only  sorts  of 
the  most  distinct  character  and  highest  excellence 
are  kept  in  the  collection  after  being  proved.  Two 
seedlings  of  great  merit  we  noted  especially ;  they 
are  Mrs.  Campbell  and  Nellie  Brown,  the  former  a 
light  red-edged  variety,  of  faultless  form  and  great 
substance,  was  awarded  a  First-class  Certificate  by 


the  Glasgow  and  West  of  Scotland  Horticultural 
Society  last  year;  the  latter  is  a  deep  red,  wire- 
edged  sort,  of  very  superior  merits.  Both  were 
raised  by  Mr.  Campbell,  and  will  be  sent  out  next 
spring. 

Pansies  of  the  fancy  class  are  grown  largely,  and 
Mr.  Campbell  is  a  successful  raiser.  One  of  his 
seedlings  of  last  year,  not  yet  sent  out  is  named 
Miss  French,  and  has  attracted  much  attention 
wherever  it  has  been  shown  this  season,  and  it  has 
been  awarded  four  First-class  Certificates.  The 
flowers  are  large,  of  great  substance,  blotches  clear 
deep  dark  purple-crimson,  shaded  with  gold,  and  edged 
with  brilliant  crimson.  Another  seedling,  not  yet 
out,  has  deep  purple-shaded  blotches  clearly  and 
evenly  edged  white,  and  took  1st  prize  this  season 
at  the  Glasgow  and  West  of  Scotland  Show,  as  being 
tlie  best  flower  exhibited,  and  received  a  First-class 
Certificate  on  the  same  occasion. 

Dahlias. — Of  these  a  large  collection  is  grown,  but 
at  the  date  of  our  visit  they  were  not  sufficiently  ad- 
vanced to  show  the  general  character  of  the  collec- 
tion. Among  the  newer  sorts  we  noticed  Colonist, 
one  of  this  season's  introduction,  which  beside  ex- 
hibiting first-rate  qualities  of  form,  is  distinct  and 
novel  in  its  colours,  which  are  shaded  chocolate  and 
fawn  ;  Harry  Keith,  introduced  last  season,  rose- 
purple  flowers — very  large  and  excellent  in  form  ; 
Richard  Dean,  a  deep  purple — good  form  ;  Henry 
Eckford,  a  beautiful  light  buff  striped  scarlet,  which 
distinguished  itself  last  season  at  the  Crystal  Palace 
by  taking  the  1st  prize  as  the  best  fancy  Dahlia 
exhibited.  We  can  only  further  refer  to  Mrs.  Glad- 
stone, which  is  perhaps  the  best  show  Dahlia  ever 
raised. 

Hollyhocks. — These  are  a  specialty  of  Mr.  Camp- 
bell's. We  have  not  for  many  years  seen  so  exten- 
sive a  collection,  or  a  collection  of  any  extent  so 
entirely  free  from  disease— not  a  speck  of  the  disas- 
trous fungus  has  touched  them.  Every  plant  is  in 
robust  health.  Mr.  Campbell  states  that  he  keeps  the 
disease  completely  under,  not  by  destroying  affected 
plants,  but  by  removing  every  leaf  that  shows  anv 
symptoms  of  the  fungus  as  soon  as  it  is  detected. 
This  is  done  in  spring,  the  affected  plants  being 
placed  in  gentle  heat  and  encouraged  to  grow 
vigorously.  They  are  closely  watched,  and  every  leaf 
is  removed  that  exhibits  any  appearance  of  the 
disease.  A  full  collection  is  grown,  among  which 
we  recognised  many  old  friends  which  we  had  thought 
were  lost,  so  long  is  it  since  we  have  met  with  them. 
Among  the  older  varieties  we  noted  Hercules- 
creamy  white  ;  Queen  of  Yellows,  Lady  Middleton, 
bright  pink;  and  Memnon,  crimson.  'Varieties  of 
more  receut  introduction  were  well  represented  by 
Lord  Decis,  one  of  the  finest  crimsons ;  Queen  of 
Beauties,  fine  pink,  magnificent  spike;  Alexander 
Whitelaw,  white,  perfect  in  form  ;  and  John  Lyon,  a 
very  fine  white  and  salmon  flower,  raised  bv  Mr. 
Campbell. 

Macddff  Horticultural  Association. 

The  annual  show  of  plants,  flowers,  vegetables' 
and  fruit,  was  held  in  the  Town  Hall,  Macdufl'', 
on  Wednesday,  the  17th  inst.,  and  was  attended 
with  great  success.  There  was  an  excellent  displav 
of  Pelargoniums,  Fuchsias,  Liliums,  Ferns,  and 
Mosses. 

Mr.  Donald,  gr.,  Troup  House,  took  first  honours 
for  the  best  collection  of  cut  flowers  with  a  fine  stand, 
and  also  the  special  prize  for  a  collection  of  fruit. 
The  basket  of  vegetables  from  Troup  Gardens,  which 
carried  off  the  1st  prize,  contained  some  splendid 
Potatos,  Leeks,  and  Onions  ;  Jlr.  W.  Pirie  took  the 
second  place  with  a  very  fine  collection.  Cut 
flowers  formed  one  of  the  most  attractive  sections  in 
the  show,  the  Roses,  Asters,  Marigolds,  and  Pansies, 
being  large  and  beautiful.  For  table  bonqueta  and 
basket  of  flowers  Miss  Nieol,  Macduff,  secured  the 
principal  honours. 

The  show  of  fruit  was,  on  the  whole,  good  for  the 
season.  Gooseberries,  Currants,  and  Strawheixies, 
being  in  excellent  condition  considering  the  now 
advanced  period  of  the  year. 


The  show  of  vegetables  was  quite  up  to,  if  not 
exceeding,  the  standards  of  previous  years.  Most  of 
the  honours  in  this  section  fell  to  Mrs.  Smith,  Mill 
of  Boyndie  ;  Mr.  William  Bagrie,  Macduff;  and  Mr. 
William  Cowie,  Culphin  of  Park. 

Specially  worthy  of  notice  was  the  collection  of 
named  specimens  of  local  wild  flowers  from  Miss 
Lizzie  F.  Renton,  Schoolhouse,  Macduff. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 


ANGULOA  UNIFLORA. 
A  SPECIES  discovered  in  the  mountains  of  Colombia 
by  M.  Linden,  and  suitable  for  cultivation  in  a  warm 
greenliouse,  itsreqiiirements  being  easily  satisfied.  The 
flowers  are  in  shape  like  those  of  other  Anguloas,  but 
pure  white,  and  with  a  delicious  perfume.  The  lip 
is  described  by  Kegel  as  jointed  to  tlie  base  of  the 
column,  and  therefore  readily  mobile,  the  object  of 
the  movement  not  being  known,  but  probably  being 
in  some  way  connected  with  the  fertilisation  of  the 
flower. 

Odontoglossum  cuspidatum,  Illitst.  Hort.,  t.  99. 

Flowers  in  racemes,  4 — 5  inches  across,  with  linear- 
oblong  segments,  of  a  clear  yellow,  heavily  barred 
with  chestnut-brown.  The  base  of  the  lip  is  four- 
sided,  white  with  chestnut  blotches,  while  the  fore- 
part has  the  form  and  coloration  of  the  other 
segments.  It  is  one  of  those  plants  to  which  Pro- 
fessor Reichenbach  prefixes  +,to  indicate  its  un- 
known origin. 

LiPLESS    CrPRIPEDIUM. 

M.  Godefroy-Lebreuf  sends  us  four  flowers  of  C. 
barbatum  produced  on  one  plant,  all  destitute  of  a 
lip.  In  two  of  the  flowers  there  is  in  front  of  the 
column  a  thick  thread-like  process,  which  may  repre- 
sent the  missing  lip  or  the  third  stamen  of  the  inner 
row,  a  3  ;  we  incline  to  think  the  latter,  as  it  is  con- 
nected with  the  base  of  the  column. 

Dendrobium  purpureum  var.  candidulum. 
This  curious  plant  is  figured  in  the  Ilhistration 
Horticole,  t.  9S,  from  a  plant  lately  reintroduced  into 
Europe  from  New  Guinea  by  M.  Auguste  Linden. 
The  superficial  resemblance  of  the  heads  of  flowers 
to  a  Chrysanthemum  is  so  striking  that  it  is  no 
wonder  that  people  unacquainted  with  Orchids  should 
confound  it  with  this  plant.  It  requires  a  warm 
greenhouse. 


Law  Notes, 


THE     GREAT    EASTERN     RAILWAY    AND 

NURSERY   GARDEN   PROPERTY   AT 

STRATFORD. 

At  the  Royal  Courts  of  Justice,  on  the  19th 
inst.,  Mr.  Christopher  Oakley,  land  agent  and  sur- 
veyor, of  10,  Waterloo  Place,  concluded  his  enquiry 
as  arbitrator  into  the  case  of  Andrews  v.  The  Great 
Eastern  Railway  Co.  The  case  was  divided  into  two 
distinct  parts,  each  of  which  was  heard  separately  ; 
the  first  part  being  a  claim  for  damage  to  the  pro- 
ducts of  the  nursery  by  the  smoke  of  the  Company's 
locomotives,  owing  to  negligence  on  the  part  of  the 
engine-drivers  ;  and  second  an  inquiry  as  to  the  value 
of  the  claimant's  freeliold  and  trade  interests  in  the 
garden,  the  Company  having  agreed  to  take  them  over 
at  a  value  to  be  fixed  by  arbitration. 

The  claimant,  Mr.  Edwin  Andrews,  purchased  in 
1872  a  piece  of  land  at  Temple  Mills  Lane,  Strat- 
ford New  Town,  nearly  2  acres  in  extent.  At  the 
time  the  land  had  only  a  crop  of  sprouting  Broccoli 
upon  it,  but  he  soon  began  to  develope  it  as  a  nur- 
sery garden.  Land  in  the  neighbourhood  rapidly 
increased  in  value  for  building  purposes,  and  the 
claimant  was  able,  by  the  sale  of  his  frontages  to 
building  speculators,  to  raise  the  necessary  capital  to 
meet  the  cost  of  building  greenhouses  and  other- 


AcGDST  27,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


245 


wise  developing  his  nursery  garden,  wliich  was  now 
■diminished  in  extent  to  1  acre  1  rood  17  poles. 
According  to  the  evidence  of  Mr.  Andrews,  at  the 
first  part  of  the  hearing,  his  operations  as  a  Grape 
grower,  nurseryman,  and  florist,  tlirove  well,  and 
each  year  the  return  from  the  garden  showed  a  con- 
siderable increase  over  its  predecessor,  until  1880, 
when  the  Kaihvay  Company  completed  some  exten- 
fiions  of  their  lines  close  to  his  garden.  The  traffic 
by  the  gardens  then  increased  largely,  and  locomo- 
tives were  always  stopping  in  the  neighbourhood, 
and  emitting  volumes  of  thick  black  smoke.  This 
■caused  a  grimy  deposit  to  settle  upon  the  flowers  in 
the  garden  and  upon  the  Grapes  in  tiie  vineries.  It 
settled  upon  the  glasshouses  so  thickly  that  it 
materially  aftected  the  supply  of  light  to  the  Grapes. 
&c.,  inside,  thus  prejudicing  their  development. 
Prior  to  this  time  he  did  a  large  business  with  flower- 
sellers  of  cut  blooms  :  he  realised  large  profits  on  his 
Grapes,  which  he  was  able  to  grow  with  a  bloom 
upon  them  ;  and  his  Cucumbers  had  gained  a  reputa- 
tion in  the  neighbourhood.  In  1874-5  his  profits 
were  £500  to  £600  a  year,  and  after  that  they  con- 
tinued to  increase,  so  that  up  till  the  time  of  this 
smoke  nuisance,  he  had  been  expecting  soon  to  see 
them  rise  to  £1000  a  year.  The  black  aud 
greasy  deposit  upon  his  flowers,  Grapes,  &c..  however. 
lad  a  very  prejudicial  effect  upon  their  selling  value, 
iind  instead  of  increasing,  his  profits,  from  that 
time,  decreased.  In  1881  he  recovered  £500  damages 
from  the  Railway  Company  for  this  injur}',  it  being 
lield  that  the  company's  engine  drivers  had  been 
iguilty  of  negligence  in  not  using  the  improved  appli- 
■ances  with  which  the  engines  were  supplied  for 
■consuming  their  own  smoke.  The  claimant  states 
that  the  nuisance  was  not  abated  after  the  conclusion 
of  the  case;  he  has  continued  to  suffer  injur}' from 
■the  same  cause,  his  jirofits  dwindling  away  to  nil. 
This  year  he  brought  a  second  action  against  the 
Company  for  damages,  and  the  claim  was  referred 
to  Mr.  Oakley  for  arbitration,  and  for  the  further 
assessment  of  the  value  of  the  claimant's  interests  in 
the  garden,  which  the  Company  agi-eed  to  take  over 
from  him  at  Mr.  Oakley's  valuation.  Mr.  Oakley 
commenced  the  inquiry  with  respect  to  the  claim  for 
damages  on  June  22,  and  completed  it  on  the  30th. 

Mr.  Andrews  gave  evidence  to  the  eff'ect  above 
stated,  and  a  large  number  of  flower  hawkers  coito- 
borated  him  as  to  the  grimy  deposit  upon  the  flowers 
supplied  by  him  after  1S80.  The  claimant  also  called 
the  following  nurserymen  and  florists  in  support  of 
his  evidence  : — Mr.  Alfred  Tyrrell,  Cottage  Nursery, 
Mary  Street,  Alfred  Street,  Bow  Road  ;  Mr.  Edward 
Wilson,  of  Leyton  and  Forest  Gate  ;  and  Mr.  Amos 
Matthews,  of  11,  Lawrence  Road,  Green  Street, 
Enfield.  Besides  these  a  number  of  professional 
witnesses  were  called,  who  gave  scientific  evidence 
as  to  the  nature  of  the  deposit  they  found  upon  the 
claimant's  plants,  and  its  effect ;  and  other  evidence 
was  called  to  show  that,  used  with  proper  care,  the 
locomotives  of  the  Company  ought  to  cause  no 
smoke  nuisance  whatever. 

On  behalf  of  the  Company  it  was  contended  that 
there  had  been  no  carelessness  on  the  part  of  the 
engine-drivers.  All  reasonable  care  had  been  used 
with  the  engines,  for  the  Company  had  only  worked 
the  line  within  their  legal  rights.  The  principal  cause 
of  the  sooty  deposits  upon  the  claimant's  jjlants,  it 
was  alleged,  was  a  large  brickfield  and  some  large 
factories  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  evidence  of  the  Company's  employes  and 
professional  witnesses  in  support  of  these  theories, 
Mr.  French  examined  the  following  nurserymen  and 
florists: — Mr.  Jas.  Sweet,  of  Leyton  and  Waltham- 
stow;  JL-.  James  Fraser,  of  Lea  Bridge  Road,  Leyton; 
and  Mr.  Samuel  Wilkinson,  of  Bow  Road,  who  con- 
sidered the  locality  unsuitable  for  a  market  garden, 
and  that  the  claimant's  operations  had  not  been 
altogether  skilful.  Some  flower  dealers  were  also 
called  to  show  that  from  the  time  to  whicli  it  dated 
back  the  deposit  on  the  claimant's  plants  could  not 
be  entirely  ascribed  to  the  Company's  engines. 

Mr.  Oakley  reserved  his  award  for  damages  pending 
the  inquiry  into  the  second  part  of  the  claim  as  to 
the  value  of  the  land,  the  erections  upon  it,  and  the 


general  trade  interests.  This  inquiry  was  com- 
menced on  the  16th  inst.,  and  was  continued  four 
days. 

Mr.  Waddy  submitted  that  his  client  was  to  be 
bought  out  upon  the  basis  of  the  Lands  Clauses  Con- 
solidation Act— as  if  the  Company  were  acquiring  com- 
pulsory possession  of  his  property  for  railway  opera- 
tions, in  which  case  they  would  have  to  ]>ay  the  cost 
of  his  reinstatement.  In  considering  tlie  value  of 
the  claimant's  trade  interests  it  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  he  had  a  practical  monopoly  of  the  dis- 
trict, and  that  the  taking  of  his  garden  would  mean 
the  annihilation  of  his  business,  as  he  should  show 
it  was  impossible  to  find  a  suitable  piece  of  ground 
to  which  to  transfer  the  business  anpvhere  in  the 
neighbourhood. 

Mr.  Andrews  again  gave  evidence  to  show  what 
the  value  of  the  business  was,  and  the  amount  which 
he  had  expended  in  developing  it.  He  could  not  give 
the  figures,  as  he  kept  no  accounts.  He  gauged  his 
profits  by  his  balance  at  tlie  bank  at  the  end  of  each 
year.  Since  the  commencement  of  this  action  the 
nuisance  from  the  locomotives  had  greatly  decreased, 
showing  that  it  was  due  to  the  negligence  of  the 
Company's  servants. 

Mr.  G.  Colegravc.  solicitor,  of  Mansfield  Street, 
Portland  Place,  said  he  knew  the  district  in  question 
well,  and  was  aware  of  no  available  land  there  suit- 
able for  the  claimant  to  transfer  his  business  to.  He 
also  gave  evidence  as  to  the  value  of  land  in  the 
neighbourhood. 

Mr.  H.  II.  Collins,  surveyor  to  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict of  the  City,  architect,  &c.,  of  61,  Old  Broad 
Street,  gave  similar  evidence.  He  had  made 
a  careful  survey  of  the  claimant's  garden,  and 
prepared  a  valuation  to  the  following  eft'ect:  — 
Land,  residence,  and  stables,  fences,  &c.,  with 
10  per  cent,  added  for  compulsory  sale,  £1775 ; 
eleven  glasshouses  (accepting  the  estimate  of  Mr. 
Dashwood,  horticultural  builder),  £1950;  pits,  £130  ; 
hot-water  pipes,  £553;  boilers,  &c.,  as  fixed,  £206; 
retaining  walls  in  pits  and  greenhouses,  £176 ;  rain- 
water tanks,  cisterns,  reservoir,  dead  well.  &c„  £100  ; 
502  Vines,  including  borders— say  £3  each— £1506.; 
well  with  pump,  £50 ;  water  piping,  £75  :  total, 
£6251  2s.  To  this  he  would  add  thi-ee  years'  pur- 
chase of  the  proceeds  of  the  business  for  goodwill. 
He  had  no  means  of  ascertaining  what  they  were ; 
but  taking  the  claimant's  estimate  of  £1000  a-year, 
£3000  would  have  to  be  added  on  that  account.  He 
thought  it  would  take  the  claimant  at  least  three 
years  tore-establish  himself  in  his  present  condition. 

Mr.  Banister  Fletcher,  of  29,  New  Bridge  Street, 
and  Jlr.  Alfred  Saville,  of  39,  New  Broad  Street, 
surveyors,  gave  evidence  which  substantially  cor- 
roborated that  of  Mr.  Collins.  Mr.  Saville  con- 
sidered, however,  that  in  addition  to  the  three  years 
Mr.  Collins  allowed  for  the  development  of  a  new 
business,  a  year  should  be  allowed  the  claimant  to 
find  a  suitable  site  to  transfer  his  business  to. 

Mr.  Arthur  Dashwood,  greenhouse  builder,  of 
Wimbledon,  gave  in  detail  the  valuation  of  the 
claimant's  greenhouses  which  the  professional  wit- 
nesses had  adopted  in  their  general  valuation.  He 
considered  the  houses  strongly  built,  and  in  every 
way  suitable  for  their  purpose.  He  valued  them  at  a 
little  under  the  price  lie  should  charge  for  erecting 
houses  of  that  size  of  the  kind  he  called  his  second 
class. 

Mr.  Edward  Bennett,  consulting  gardener,  nursery- 
man and  florist,  was  examined  as  to  the  condition 
and  value  of  the  claimant  s  Grapes  and  "Vines.  He 
said  he  had  been  over  all  the  vineries  in  the 
claimant's  garden,  and  he  was  of  opinion  that  the 
Vines  were  gi-own  in  a  scientific  manner.  He  found 
the  Grapes  a  healthy  promising  crop,  without  the 
smallest  sign  of  any  shanking  or  scalding.  Ho  con- 
sidered them  a  good  class  of  Grapes,  and  estimated 
their  average  value  at  2s.  6(/.  per  pound.  He  allowed 
nothing  off  that  amount  for  cost  of  production,  as  he 
considered  the  Cucumbers,  Tomatos,  flowers,  &c., 
which  could  be  gi'own  under  the  Vines  would  defray 
that,  and  leave  the  Grapes  all  clear  profit.  Apart 
from  the  nuisance  caused  by  the  smoke  from  the 
railway,  he  knew  of  no  reason  why  Grapes  should 


not  be  grown  with  advantage  in  the  cl  aiinant' 
garden.  The  conditions  otherwise  were  favourable, 
and  the  garden  was  not  so  much  closed  in  as  his  own 

Mr.  John  Hayes,  consulting  nurseryman  and  florist, 
also  gave  evidence  with  regard  to  the  claimants 
vineries.  He  ^concurred  with  the  views  which  Mr. 
Bennett  had  expressed. 

Mr.  French,  in  opening  the  case  of  the  Railway 
Company,  submitted  that  his  clients  were  not  to  be 
called  upon  to  take  over  the  claimant's  garden  under 
the  provisions  of  the  Lands  Clauses  Consolidation 
Act,  but  upon  the  footing  of  an  incoming  tenant 
taking  over  a  going  concern.  All  the  Company  had 
to  do  was  Do  pay  the  value  of  the  land  and  the  fix- 
tures upon  it ;  they  were  not  to  be  called  upon  to 
reinstate  him.  To  compensate  the  claimant  upon 
the  basis  given  would  be  to  compensate  him  twice 
over.  As  a  matter  of  fact  this  ground  was  too  close 
to  railways  and  to  factories  for  a  market  garden, 
and  this  was  the  reason  there  were  no  other  nursery 
gardens  in  the  district.  The  claimant  had  disposed 
of  the  frontage  of  his  land,  and  it  would  be  a  most 
difficult  property  to  dispose  of,  and  £30  was  an  out- 
side rental  value  to  put  upon  it.  He  should  call 
evidence  to  show  that  the  claimant's  greenhouses 
were  badly  constructed  and  very  dilapidated,  and 
that  the  valuations  of  his  witnesses  were  most 
exorbitant. 

Mr.  Samuel  Deards  (^Messrs.  Deards  &  Co.,  horti- 
cultural builders,  Harlow),  said  he  had  examined  the 
claimant's  vineries,  greenhouses,  and  plant  generally, 
and  his  evidence  as  to  their  condition  supported  Mr. 
French's  statement.  He  considered  that  the  green- 
houses and  vineries  could  be  replaced  at  a  cost  of 
6(/.  per  foot  run.  He  gave  a  detailed  valuation  of 
those  structures  and  the  whole  plant  of  the  claim- 
ant's garden,  the  total  amount  being  £1285  12;.. 

Mr.  James  Holden,  Locomotive  Superintendent  to 
the  Great  Eastern  Railway  Company  at  Stratford, 
stated,  in  reference  to  Mr.  Andrews'  evidence  as  to  the 
alleged  decrease  of  the  smoke  nuisance  since  tht- 
commencement  of  the  action,  that  the  engine- 
drivers  had  had  no  fresh  orders  given  them  what- 
ever. All  along  they  had  been  instructed  to  cause 
as  little  smoke  there  as  possible,  and  nothing  mon 
had  been  done  since  the  commencement  of  thi^ 
case. 

Mr.  Waddy  said  the  arbitrator  saw  the  depo.srr 
on  the  plants  before,  and  if  he  would  go  there  again 
he  would  see  how  marked  the  difference  now  was. 

Mr.  Robert  Vigers,  surveyor,  &c.,  of  4,  Frederick  s 
Place,  Old  Jewry,  said  he  had  had  a  good  deal  of 
experience  in  valuing  nursery  garden  property.  He 
valued  the  claimant's  freehold  interests  in  the  land, 
residence,  and  stables,  at  £1150,  and  adopted  Mr. 
Deards'  valuation  as  to  tlie  greenhouses  and  plant. 
He  would  allow  10  per  cent,  for  compulsory  sale  o*" 
freehold  interests,  but  not  for  anything  else,  and  ht 
did  not  make  any  allowance  for  the  goodwill  of  th( 
business,  as  he  thought  there  was  none. 

Other  surveyors  gave  similar  evidence. 

Mr.  James  Sweet  was  again  called  on  behalf  o' 
the  Company,  and  gave  evidence  which  supported 
that  of  Mr.  Deards  as  to  the  condition  and  valne  o' 
the  greenhouses,  vineries,  and  plant  upon  the  land. 
He  did  not  consider  that  the  claimant's  Grapes  were 
up  to  average  quality,  and  valued  them  at  an  average 
price  of  l.*;.  per  pound.  He  did  not  consider  that 
whatever  might  be  grown  under  tlie  Vines  would 
defray  the  cost  of  the  production  of  the  Grapes, 
AVhen  the  Vines  were  about  three  years  old  they 
shut  off  too  much  light  for  anything  else  to  flourish 
there.  He  considered  that  25  per  cent,  must  be 
taken  from  the  price  realised  by  Grapes  for  cost  of 
production. 

Mr.  James  Eraser,  also  recalled,  gave  evidenec 
which  entirely  supported  that  of  Mr.  Sweet.  Hr 
considered  that  Mr.  Sweet's  and  Mr.  Deard.s'  valua- 
tions were  outside  valuations. 

Mr.  James  Maurice  Norman,  land  agent,  surveyor, 
and  auctioneer,  Uxbridge,  said  he  had  had  a  large 
amount  of  experience  in  the  value  of  vineries.  He 
had  measured  up  the  claimant's  Vine-borders,  an: 
counted  his  Vine^.     He  found  there  were  499  Vinet;, 


246 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONir.LE. 


[AuGrsT  27,  1887. 


and  he  estimated  the  yield  of  Grapes  at  3379  lb.,  and 
to  be  on  the  safe  side,  put  the  figure  at  3500  lb.  He 
priced  them  at  \s,  per  pound,  less  25  per  cent,  for  cost 
of  production.  This  gave  £131  5s.,  and  he  allowed 
the  claimant  three  years'  purchase  of  that  amount — 
£393.  He  valued  the  Vines  at  Is.  each,  £62  10s.,  and 
the  Vine-borders  at  £180.  The  total  value  of  the 
vineries  was  thus  £635  10s. 

After  hearing  the  arguments  of  counsel  on  both 
sides,  tlie  Arbitrator  reserved  liis  award,  intimating 
that  he  sliould  again  visit  and  inspect  the  loais  in  tpio. 


"THE    BOTANICAL   MAGAZINE." 

CConiiiutcd  from  p,  121.) 
Himalayan  Rhodode;)deoxs.  —  I  have  already 
alluded  to  Sir  Joseph  Hooker's  missions  to  India,  and 
I  would  refer  to  his  Himalayan  Journals  for  the 
main  results  oi"  his  explorations  ;  but,  from  a  horti- 
cultural standpoint,  the  discovery  and  introduction 
into  English  gardens  of  the  numerous  and  gorgeous 
SiUkim  Rhododendron  was  certainly  one  of  his 
greatest  achievements.  Out  of  forty-three  species 
he  collected  thirty  were  considered  new  to  botanists, 
and  most  of  the  otliers  were  yet  unknown  to  horticul- 
turists. It  is  true  that  several  North  Indian  species 
had  been  previously  discovered  and  introduced  by 
Dr.  Wallich  and  others.  The  first  in  the  Magazine 
is  a  white  variety  of  R.  arboreum  (pi.  3290),  whicli 
flowered  in  1<S31  in  a  conservatory  in  the  garden  of 
Robert  Baxter,  Esq.,  of  Dee  Hills,  Chester.  This 
was  followed  by  R.  campanulatum  (pi.  3759),  in 
1840,  flowered  by  Dickson,  of  Chester ;  and  in  1848 
there  appeared  a  figure  of  the  only  South  Indian 
species  (or  variety  of  arboreum),  /.'•.,  nilagiricum.  if 
correctly  so  named,  of  which  there  is  some  doubt. 
In  1833  the  magnificent  R.  Dalliousi.t  was  figured 
(pi.  4718)  from  a  plant  flowered  by  John  Laing  at 
Dysart  House,  Kirkcaldy,  tlie  Earl  of  Rosslyn's 
seat.  This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the  Indian 
Rhododendrons,  and  its  flowers,  like  those  of  R. 
Maddenni,  are  highly  fragrant.  'By  inarching  a  shoot 
of  a  young  seedling  of  R.  Dalhousias  on  a  vigorous 
plant  of  R.  ponticum,  Mr.  Laing  succeeded  in 
obtaining  flowers  of  the  former  in  so  short  a  period 
as  three  years  from  the  time  the  seed  was  sown.  R. 
Maddeni  was  figured  from  a  ])lant  cultivated  at  Kew 
in  1854.  lu  1856  R.  Blandtordiicflorum,  R.  Camel- 
liocflorum,  R.  Edgcworthii.  R.  campanulatum  var. 
Wallichii,  R.  Falconeri,  and  R.  Hookeri  were  figured 
in  the  Magazine,  besides  two  or  three  Malayan 
species.  .  Every  year,  for  several  years  after  this, 
added  to  the  number  of  Himalayan  Rhododendrons 
flowei  ing  in  Great  Britain.  The  most  noteworthy 
one  tliat  appeared  in  the  Magazine  in  1857  was  the 
very  beautiful  and  distinct  R.  Thomsoni  (pi.  4997)  ; 
one  of  the  hardiest  of  the  Indian  species.  The  next 
volume  contains  portraits  of  R.  argenteum  and  R. 
Aucklandii ;  and  in  1859  there  appeared,  among 
others,  the  gorgeous  R.  Nuttallii  (pi.  5146),  whose 
delicate  white  and  pink  flowers  are  6  inches  across, 
and  unequalled  in  size  by  those  of  any  other  species. 
Several  handsome  Malayan  species  have  since  been 
illustrated  in  the  Magazine  ;  and  I  may  conclude 
this  paragraph  witli  the  interesting  fact  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  plants  that  a  true  Rhododendron  has 
recently  been  detected  in  the  mountains  of  Queens- 
land, Australia. 

Beoonias. 
Begonia  Evansiana,  a  native  of  Eastern  Asia,  was 
figured  in  the  Magazine  as  long  ago  as  1812 
(pi.  1473),  and  the  still  highly  valued  B.  incarnata 
(B.  insignis),  from  Mexico,  in  1829  (pi.  2900) ;  B. 
fuchsioides  is  the  subject  of  pi.  4281,  and  B.  ciuna- 
barinaof  pl.4483;  but  the  Begonia  era  did  not  actually 
begin  until  some  years  later.  In  1852  the  handsome 
leaved  B.  xanthina,  from  India,  was  published 
(pi.  4683),  and  in  1859  Begonia  Rex  (pi.  5101),  from 
the  same  country  ;  the  next  plate  representing  B. 
xanthina  var.  pictifolia.  Tliese  were  tlie  parents  of  a 
numerous  family  of  varieties  having  large  orna- 
mental foliage.  Passing  many  other  species,  B. 
boliviensis  (pi.  5657)  was,  I  believe,  the  first  of  the 


showy  tuberous-rooted  species  from  the  Andes. 
This  was  quickly  followed  by  B.  Veitchii  (pi.  5663), 
B.  Clarkei  (pi.  5G75),  and  many  otliers.  What  they 
have  yielded  in  the  hands  of  florists  is  not  a  matter 
of  liistory.  but  still  in  evidence.  Linnaeus,  who  only 
established  the  genus  from  Plumier's  drawings,  did 
not  know  a  single  species,  and  Willdenow  described 
only  twenty-five  in  1805.  In  1864  De  CandoUe 
described  upwards  of  350,  and  subsequent  discoveries 
have  doubtless  increased  this  number  to  quite  41X1 ; 
and  more  than  sixty  of  these  species  have  been 
depicted  in  the  Magazine,  while  numerous  florists' 
varieties  have  appeared  in  publications  more  espe- 
cially devoted  to  such  jdants. 

Odvikaitoba. 
Ouvirandra  fenestralis,  the  Water  Yam.  or  Lace- 
leaf  (pi.  4894),  is  a  most  curious  plant,  and  may  well 
be  regarded  as  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  vegetable 
kingdom.  The  intrepid  traveller  and  accomplished 
botanist,  Aubert  duPetit-Thouars,  discovered  it  and 
published  a  description  of  it  at  the  beginning  of  the 
present  century,  and  in  1837  it  was  figured  from 
dried  specimens  in  Delessert's  looms  Sdccitr  I'lan- 
tarum  ;  but  it  was  not  till  1855  that  living  plants  of 
it  were  brought  to  this  country  by  the  late  Rev.  W. 
Ellis,  whose  admirable  writings  on  Madagascar,  its 
people,  and  products,  constitute  tlie  basis  of  nearly 
all  subsequent  literature  on  the  same  subjects.  He 
presented  two  plants  to  the  Royal  Gardens.  Kew. 
wliere  thev  flowered  towards  the  end  of  the  year,  and 
the  figure  cited  above  appeared  in  .January,  185^ 
A  second  species  of  Ouvirandra  (0.  Berneriana)  from 
tlie  same  country,  is  represented  on  plate  5076. 
Apart  from  tlie  skeleton-like  leaves,  Ouvirandra  does 
not  difl'er  mjiterially  from  the  more  familiar  Apono- 
geton,  with  which  Bentham  and  Hooker  have  united 
it.  Several  other  species  have  been  published  since, 
though  none  possessing  the  interest  of  the  one  under 
consideration.  Among  other  remarkable  plants 
introduced  by  Mr.  Ellis  I  may  mention  the  Angra;- 
cum  sesquipedale.* 

Welwitschia  mirabilis. 

A  few  weeks  after  my  arrival  at  Kew,  in  1860,  the 
botanical  world  was  excited  to  the  highest  pitch, 
consequent  on  a  letter,  received  by  Sir  William 
Hooker  from  Dr.  Welwitsch,  describing  this  extremely 
singular  cone-bearing  plant,  then  recently  discovered 
by  the  latter  near  Cape  Negi'O  in  Western  Tropical 
Africa,  and  in  the  following  year,  some  500  miles 
further  south,  by  Jlr.  Thomas  Baines.  In  1863  this 
strange  plant  was  illustrated  in  the  Magazine  (plates 
5.368  and  6369)  from  material  communicated  by 
J.  Monteiro  and  C.  .T.  N.  Anderson.  Subsequently 
copious  specimens  were  received  at  Kew  from  various 
sources,  and  several  fruitless  attempts  to  introduce 
living  plants  were  made ;  or  if  the  plants  arrived 
with  any  vitality  in  them  they  failed  to  grow.  In 
1882  several  seedlings  were  raised  at  Kew,  and  they 
served  to  reveal  some  important  points  in  the  life- 
hi-story  of  the  plant.  Their  growth  is  exceedingly 
slow,  and  their  cultivation  very  difficult.  Wel- 
witschia is  very  fully  described  and  elaborately  illus- 
trated in  the  twenty-fourth  volume  of  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  Linnran  Society. 

Sir  William  Hooker  dedicated  the  ninetieth 
volume  of  the  Magazine,  the  last  he  lived  to  com- 
plete, to  Dr.  Welwitsch,  who  survived  him  seven 
years. 

illSCELLANEA. 

I  will  now  briefly  indicate  a  few  other  notewortliy 
plants,  chiefly  of  the  last  decade  of  the  third  period. 
Coleus  Blumei  (pi.  4754)  is  a  native  of  Java,  or  is 
cultivated  there,  and  Mr.  Low,  of  Clapton,  imported 
it  from  Belgium,  into  this  country,  where  it  soon  was 
followed  by  other  varieties,  such  as  VerscliafTeltii, 
Gibsoni,  and  Veitchii :  all  somewhat  sombre  in 
coloration  and  by  no  means  suggesting  the  infinite 
and  dazzling  variety  of  a  later  date.  Kniphofia 
Uvaria  (pi.  4816),  which  is  one  of  tlie  hardiest  of 
the  South  African  Liliacea,  would  hardly  be  recog- 

*  See  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1857,  p.  t'.'ia. 


nised  as  the  same  as  Tritonia  Uvaria  (pi.  758),  but  so 
it  is;  and  although  cultivated  in  English  gardens  as 
long  ago  as  1707,  according  to  Gawler,  it  seems  to 
have  attracted  no  special  attention  until  about 
thirty  years  ago.  Cymbidium  giganteum  (pi.  4844) 
is  an  Asiatic  type  of  Orchid  in  which  green 
is  associated  with  brighter  colours  in  the  large 
flowers.  Coelogyne  pandurata  (pi.  5.S04)  is  an 
equally  grand  plant.  Trichopilia  coccinea  (pi. 
4857)  is  an  elegant  deep  rosy  Central  American 
Orchid  of  wholly  different  character.  Cham^dorea 
elegans  (pi.  4.S45)  is  one  of  the  numerous  graceful 
miniature  Palms  so  numerous  in  Mexico  and  Central 
America.  Genetyllis  tulipifera  (pi.  4858).  now 
referred  to  the  genus  Darwinia,  is  one  of  Drum- 
raond's  most  beautiful  introductions  from  West  Aus- 
tralia though  not  often  seen  now  that  hard-wooded 
plants  are  less  in  vogue.  Clianthus  Dampieri  (pi. 
5051),  another  brilliantly  coloured  Australian,  in- 
teresting, too,  as  one  of  the  few  plants  discovered  by 
and  figured  in  the  narrative  of  the  great  explorer 
whose  name  it  bears.  Plate  5080  represents  one  of 
the  earliest  cultivated  of  the  highly  coloured  Pitcher- 
plants.  It  is  there  named  Nepenthes  villosa,  but  it 
proved  diff'erent  from  that  and  was  subsequently  named 
N.  Veitchii.  The  Hand-flower  tree,  Cheirostemon  (or 
correctly  Clieiranthodendron)  platanoides  (pi.  5135), 
a  native  of  Mexico  and  Guatemala,  where  it  if^,  or 
was,  held  in  great  veneration  by  the  aboriginal  in- 
habitants, is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  the 
Malvales ;  especially  so  in  the  structures  of  the  an- 
draecium  or  staminal  column,  which  bears  a  striking 
resemblance  to  a  hand  or  p.aw  of  five  claws.  W.  B.  H. 
<  To  be  continued.) 


STREPTOCARPUS    KEWENSIS  x . 

We  have  already  alluded,  on  more  than  one 
occasion,  to  the  new  race  of  hybrid  Streptocarpi, 
raised  by  Mr.  Watson,  of  Kew,  and  now  take  the 
opportunity  of  figuring  another  of  the  varieties 
already  mentioned.  Streptocarpus  Kewensis  X  was 
raised  between  S.  Rexii  and  S.  Dunnii,  and  has 
trusses  of  great  beauty. 

Our  illustration  (fig.  61)  was  taken  from  a  .sketch 
made  in  the  Royal  Gardens  by  Mr.  Weathers. 


Trees  and  'Shrubs- 


CONIFERS    AT    DROPMORE. 

Although  a  heavy  sufferer  under  the  fierce  snow- 
storm of  last  winter,  yet  the  grand  Douglas  Fir  still 
retains  much  of  that  nobleness  and  beauty  which 
has  marked  it  for  many  years.  Whilst  many  of  the 
upper  branches  have  been  torn  off,  leavinj;  sad 
evidences  of  violence  on  the  part  of  the  elements,  all 
the  base  of  the  tree  for  some  30  feet  high  remains 
intact,  and  displays  fully  the  grandeur  of  the  form 
so  recently  possessed  throughout.  Almost  resem- 
bling some  fine  old  hero  maimed  and  wounded  in 
battle,  the  Douglas  commands  now,  if  possible,  even 
more  of  our  admiration,  and  certainly  not  less  of 
interest.  Wonderful  as  are  its  proportions  when 
seen  from  a  distance,  they  seem  even  more  remark- 
able when  looked  at  from  close  to  the  grand  trunk  of 
the  trees,  the  appearance  aloft  being  a  dense  mass  of 
branches,  whilst  the  stem  is  the  ideal  of  strength 
and  resistance.  If  less  gigantic,  certainly  not  less 
remarkable  is  the  Iiuge  Araucaria  standing  close  by 
the  Douglas.  There  is  some  skill  shown  on  the  part 
of  our  new  guide,  Mr.  Herrin,  who  has  succeeded  "  old 
Frost,"  for  he  reserves  the  giants  as  a  sort  of  climax, 
and  conducts  his  visitors  first  to  the  smaller,  though 
by  no  means  less  beautiful  trees,  in  remote  parts  of 
the  domain.  But  after  seeing  a  score  at  least  of  fine 
Araucarias,  the  sudden  bursting  upon  the  sight  of 
the  giant  of  the  place  evokes  enthusiastic  admira- 
tion. The  tree  has,  combined  with  size,  such  fine 
rounded  form,  and  happily  has  entirely  escaped 
injury.  Standing  on  a  mound  which  has  proved  a 
dry  spot  during  the  past  summer,  it  was  found  desir- 


AnoDST  27,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


'lit 


able'to'make  a  trench  round  the  tree  and  give  it  a 
thorough  soaking  of  water  once,  and  now  it  will 
soon!  benefit  from  the  autumn  rains.  There  are 
numerous  sexual  trees  at  Dropmore,  and  the  big 
one  f  is  properly  a  male,  though,  perhaps  less 
properly,  the  handsomest  also,  as  the  female 
trees  are  less  robust,  and  have  more  erect  growth. 
Here  and  there  these  display  their  feminine  ch.ar.icter, 
not  only  in  form,  but  also  in  cone  production  ;  but 


so  free.  Another  fine  kind  is  found  in  Abies  grandis, 
not  unlike  the  Douglas  in  habit  and  style,  and  forming 
a  very  imposing  object,  t'idrus  atlantica  is  another 
beautiful  specimen,  well  worth  a  long  walk  through 
these  charming  grounds  to  see  ;  whilst  Pimus  Ben- 
thamiana,  with  its  big  tufts  of  long  erect  spines, 
stands  out  from  all  others  with  bold  distinctness. 
Picea  Morinda  is  a  line  drooping  form,  of  charming 
habit,  and  very  perfect  and  bold  gi'owing  trees  are 


prehended.  We  note  with  pleasure  that  Lady  For- 
tescue  is  erecting  a  substantial  house  for  the  new 
gardener,  Mr.  Herrin,  close  to  the  gardens.  -\". 

Veronica  cupressoides. 
The  plant  so  long  known  in  gardens  under  the 
name  of  Veronica  salicornioides  is  found  on  com- 
parison to  have  nothing  Avhatever  to  do  with  that 
species  ;  indeed,  it  does  not  even  belong  to  the  same 


Fig.  61. — streptocakpcs  keweksisX  :  plowers  pluple.     (see  p.  246.) 


these  fraits  are  rare.  We  take  leave  with  regret  of 
what  is  probably  the  finest  Araucaria  in  the  king- 
dom, planted  fifty-seven  years  ago,  with  the  Douglas, 
by  old  Frost.  But  in  more  distant  parts  of  the 
■wonderfully  wooded  grounds  of  Dropmore  there  are 
trees  which  of  their  kinds  take  high  rank  for 
size,  and  can  hardly  be  excelled  for  beauty.  Pro- 
minent amongst  these  is  the  beautiful  Tsuga  Albert- 
iana,  a  truly  perfect  specimen,  and  not  less  beau- 
tiful because  its  foliage  is   so  distinct  and  its  habit 


Abies  concolor  and  Abies  Nordmanniaua.  whilst 
Thuia  gigantea  presents  a  gi-and  pyramid.  These 
kinds  are  dotted  down  as  passed  in  somewhat  irre- 
gular order,  but  many  others  also  attract  attention. 
Without  doubt  Dropmore  does  present  a  habitation 
for  these  trees  in  which  they  can  literally  revel.  In 
the  higher  grounds  the  drought  has  told  upon  the 
Rhododendrons,  but  these  will  soon  feel  the  effect  of 
the  autumn  rains.  How  these  shrubs,  with  Azaleas, 
Kalmias,  &c.,  thrive  there,  must  be  seen  to  be  com- 


series.  It  is  identical,  and  answers  in  every  way  to 
the  specimens  and  descriptions  of  V.  cupressoides. 
Hook.  fil.  The  specimens  labelled  V.  salicornioides 
very  nearly  resemble  Salicornia  radicans.  It  belongs 
to  series  B.  of  sub-genus  Pseudo-Veronica,  in  which 
the  leaves  are  densely  imbricated  in  op])osite  pairs, 
connate  at  the  base,  branches  square,  l-12th  to  l-8th 
of  an  inch  in  diameter.  V.  cupressoides,  which  is 
undoubtedly  the  plant  in  cultivation,  belongs  to 
series  A.  of  the  same  sub-genus,  in  which  the  leaves 


248 


TEE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[ArccsT  27,  1887. 


are  in  distinct  opposite  pairs,  the  specific  distinction 
being  leaves  1-lGth  of  an  inch  long;,  appressed, 
glabrous;  while  in  V.  salicornioides  the  branches 
are  terete  and  slender,  l-16th  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
leaves  l-20th  to  1-lOth  of  an  inch.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  charming  little  pl.auts  for  a  bed  we  have  seen,  and 
conid  it  be  grown  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London 
as  we  have  seen  it  in  the  Edinburgh  Botanic  Garden 
it  would  certainly  be  a  great  acquisition.  D. 

The  Silver  Fibs  at  Roseneath. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  engraving  (see  p. 
165)  I  have  visited  the  grounds  of  the  Duke  of 
Argyle  at  and  about  Roseneath,  and  now  send  you 
the  following  particul.ars : — There  are  two  Silver 
rirs  which  have  been  planted  vis-a-vis  on  each  side 
of  an  avenue  leading  to  Camsail  House,  which  is 
now  in  ruins,  but  the  remains  of  it  are  yet  visible. 
The  two  Silver  Firs  in  question  are  much  the  finest 
of  their  kind  certainly  in  this  country,  .and  must  have 
been  planted  at  least  200  years.  They  far  surpass  their 
associates,  which  may  be  found  in  scores  in  this  por- 
tion of  the  estate.  I  measured  them  both,  and  found 
as  follows.  Locally  the  pair  are  named  Adam  and 
Eve.  The  dimensions  of  Ad.am  are  23  feet  4  inches 
at  6  feet  from  the  ground,  and  23  feet  2  inches  at 
3  feet  from  the  ground.  The  dimensions  of  Eve  are 
23  feet  7  inches  3  feet  from  the  ground,  and  22  feet 
at  5  feet  from  the  ground.  Adam  bulks  out  a  little 
upwards.  Eve  does  not.  Both  have  a  straight  stem, 
branchless  for  about  24  feet  from  the  ground,  and 
then  their  branchlets  fork  out  in  all  directions. 
These  branchlets  of  themselves  would  be  considered 
fair  timber-trees  in  many  localities.  Singularly 
enough,  the  bi-anches  have  in  their  early  stages  gone 
out  horizontally,  as  is  the  wont  of  the  tree,  but  when 
pressed  for  light  they  h.ave  turned  up  quite  perpen- 
dicularly, so  that  now  they  form,  as  it  were,  arms  at 
right  angles  springing  up  high  into  the  air.  The 
trees  are  about  1.30  feet  high,  and  cover  a  radius  of 
40  feet  from  the  bole.  No  two  such  symmetrical 
trees  can  be  found  anywhere  else,  and  they  are 
worthy  of  many  days'  journey  for  any  arbori- 
culturist to  see.  Figure  the  diameter  or  width  of 
a  tree  being  about  the  dimensions  of  an  ordinary 
forcing-pit! 

The  next  most  gigantic  tree  in  the  grounds  is  a 
Lime,  whicli  when  shorn  of  tlie  spray  that  is  grow- 
ing around  it  must  have  a  circumference  of  about 
19  feet.  There  are  very  few  silver  Firs  over  14  feet 
circumference,  although  these  seem  to  many  giants 
of  their  kind.  These  nestle  on  the  banks  of  the 
Gareloch,  an  arm  running  up  from  the  estuary  of  the 
Clyde,  where  every  description  of  tree  life  is  in  great 
exuberance. 

It  is  worth  while  noting  that  the  Kirkton  of 
Roseneath,  also  belonging  to  the  Argyle  family, 
is  remarkable  for  its  avenue  of  English  Yews, 
which,  according  to  tradition,  must  have  been  planted 
at  least  150  years  ago,  and  now  bulk  into  timber 
size — all  clean-stemmed,  well-grown  plants,  which 
an  old  lady  of  the  village,  almost  a  nonagenarian, 
s.ays  her  grandmother,  who  lived — and  her  mother  as 
well — to  about  the  same  patriarchal  age,  recollected 
the  trees  being  planted  when  she  was  a  girl.  They 
came,  it  is  asserted,  in  pots,  and  the  planter  was  so 
careful  of  them  that  he  broke  the  pots  like  an 
Orchid  fancier,  and  slipped  broken  pots  and  roots  in 
together.  A. 

A  CoNE-rnoDuciKG  Deodar. 
A   Deodar  is  producing   cones   this   year   in   the 
Royal  Gardens,  Kew.     The  production  of  cones   on 
this  species   in   this  country   has   hitherto    been    a 
rare  occurrence. 

AniEs  nRAcnypHTLLA. 

This  is  decidedly  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the 
hardy  .Tapanese  Silver  l''irs.  Its  dense  habit  and  rich 
green  foliage,  white  on  the  under  surface,  renders  it 
very  attractive.  For  the  first  time  in  this  country, 
we  believe,  cones  have  been  produced  on  this  species 
at  Kew.  They  are  quite  similar  to  the  native  speci- 
mens, but  of  a  rich  plum  colour  when  fresh. 


The  Herbaceous  Border. 

THALICTRUMS. 

So  delicate  is  the  structure  of  the  foliage  of 
certain  species,  that  they  have  been,  not  inappropri- 
ately, likened  to  the  Fern  known  as  JIaidenhair. 
They  have  the  merit  besides  of  being  perfectly 
hardy  herbaceous  plants,  of  easy  culture,  and 
some  amongst  them  are  so  tall  in  habit  of 
growth  as  to  be  suitable  for  back  rows,  in  all  borders 
of  average  size  and  extent.  The  flowers  are 
besides  admirably  adapted  for  cutting  and  for  indoor 
decorations,  as  well  as  for  exhibition  ;  gonerally 
blooming  towards  the  end  of  the  month  of  June, 
thev  are  particularly  useful  for  both  purposes.  The 
following  are  desirable  varieties; — Thalictrum  glau- 
cum ,  a  tall  growi  ng  species,  average  height,  4.V  to  5  feet ; 
a  vellow  flowered  species,  of  ,Spanish  origin.  T. 
aquilegifoliura,  the  Austrian  Columbine-leaved,  3  feet 
in  height,  flowers  light  purple  and  well  adapted 
for  cutting.  T.  adi.antifolium  is  the  most  beautiful 
of  all  in  regard  to  its  foliage,  being  hardy,  of  compact 
habit,  and  suitable  alike  for  bedding  out  and  for 
growing  in  pots:  it  requires  no  sujiport  from 
stakes,  &c.  T.  adiantifolium  rubrum,  an  im])roved 
form  of  the  preceding  species,  has  deeper  coloured 
flowers,  which  render  it  more  ornamental  than  some 
others ;  T.  Jacquinianum  is  a  tall-growing  form, 
with  white  flowers ;  T.  purpurascens,  as  the  name 
implies,  has  purjde  flowers  and  ornamental  foliage  : 
it  is  a  North  American  species ;  T.  purpureum  is  a 
rare  and  beautiful  form,  at  present  scarce  and  expen- 
sive ;  T.  alpinum  and  T.  minus,  both  dwarf  forms, 
which,  though  British  plants,  are  considered  worth 
cultivation  for  the  colour  of  the  flowers,  which  is  yel- 
low. It  is  singular  to  find  Gerard  describes  the 
latter  as  "  Wild  Rhubarb,"  and  as  growing  on  the 
banks  of  the  Thames.  About  the  commencement  of 
the  present  century  a  very  beautiful  sub-species, 
named  T.  aquilegifoliura  formosuni  was  introduced 
from  the  South  of  Europe.  It  is  a  variety  well 
deserving  of  cultivation.  William  Earley. 

Gen'tiana  sceptrdm. 
This,  like  most  of  the  American  Genthins.  raises 
tlie  hopes  of  the  grower  by  producing  buds  of  large 
size,  which  even  when  fully  matured  exi)and  but 
little,  with  a  blue  which  is  not  of  the  most  brilliant 
tint.  As  a  garden  plant  it  is  inferior  to  G.  An- 
drewsii,  G.  saponaria,  G.  alba,  and  G.  ochroleuca. 
As  a  variety,  however,  it  is  desirable  ;  the  fresh  and 
agreeable  green  of  the  leaves  is  always  attractive, 
and  it  seems  more  easy  to  establish  it  than  any  of 
the  above  mentioned.  It  grows  about  2  feet  in 
height,  simple  stems  with  a  cluster  of  i)ale  blue 
flowers  at  the  summit ;  leaves  oval,  or  oval-lanceo- 
late. It  is  flowering  now  in  the  rockery  at  Kew, 
apparently  quite  at  home  in  the  bog.  I). 


The  Apiary. 

HINTS  FOR  THE  SEASON. 
The  honev  season  may  now  be  said  to  be  over, 
little  or  nothing  now  coming  in.  "Whatever  is 
brought  into  the  hives  now  may  be  safely  left  with 
the  bees,  and  is  not  suitable  for  sale.  We  always 
keep  only  tliat  honey  for  Siile  which  is  gathered  in 
the  height  of  the  honey  season.  Seven  frames  of 
honeycomb  is  quite  sufficient  for  any  stock  of  bees, 
however  large,  and  if  there  are  more  bees  than  can 
cluster  on  seven  combs,  one  or  two  frames  of  empty 
comb  can  be  given  them.  It  is  a  good  plan,  when 
preparing  for  winter,  to  put  the  frami'S  a  little  further 
apart  tlian  when  the  season  is  at  its  height.  Two 
inches  or  1\  inches  from  the  centre  of  one  comb  to  the 
centre  of  the  next,  is  not  too  much.  This  enables 
the  bees  to  cluster  more  closely  together  than  would 
otherwise  be  the  case,  and  is  jireferable,  in  our 
opinion,  to  making  winter  passages,  though  that 
might  be  done  as  well.     It  has.  however,  jiroved  in 


practice  that  bees  winter  in  straw  skeps  better  than 
anywhere  else,  and  it  is  difficult  or  impossible  to 
make  winter  passages  in  them. 

We  hear  from  many  beekeepers  that  much  honey 
has  been  made  this  season  by  an  intelligent  use  of 
skeps.  In  many  cases  beekeepers  have  inverted 
them  and  put  a  wooden  hive  on  the  open  end,  and 
with  most  excellent  results.  We  have  often  recom- 
mended beekeepers  to  try  the  inverting  system  as 
being  sound  in  principle,  if  done  at  the  right  time. 
Where  it  has  failed  it  is  most  probable  it  has  either 
not  been  done  at  the  right  time,  or  done  too  often. 
The  best  time  for  the  inversion  of  a  skep,  or  frames, 
is  swarming  time,  and  one  inversion  of  a  skep  during 
a  season  is  sufficient.  When  the  super  is  partly 
filled,  and  tlie  bees  are  energetically  at  work,  all 
other  additions  to  the  space  should  be  made  by  lift- 
ing the  super  first  put  on  .and  putting  the  next  under 
it.  The  bees  will  thus  be  kept  hard  at  work,  and  the 
best  results  obtained.  Frames  had  better  only  be 
inverted  once  in  each  season,  but  sections  can  be 
inverted  in  order  for  them  to  be  finished  off"  more 
completely  and  more  quickly. 

If  skeps  have  been  inverted,  and  the  supers  are 
now  removed,  the  skeps  must  be  turned  the  right 
way  ujjwards  again  for  the  winter.  Queens  may  be 
inserted  in  hives  for  several  weeks  to  come  ;  in  fact, 
till  the  end  of  September.  Numerous  methods  of 
introduction  are  mentioned  in  Mr.  Cheshire's  work 
now  being  brought  out  by  Messrs.  L.  Upcot  Gill  & 
Co.   Walter  Chilly,  Pews^y. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


SoFT-wooDED  Flowering  Plants. — In  tlie  culture 
of  Chrysanthemums  unusual  attention  has  been 
aroused  this  season  by  the  hot  and  dry  state  of  the 
weather,  but  with  results  ap|)arently  satisfactoiy,  for 
rarely  have  we  had  our  plants  in  August  furnished 
with  shoots  so  sliort  jointed  and  hard  as  we  have 
them  now.  The  flower-buds  are  now  forming,  and 
the  removal  of  the  side-growths,  which  push  from 
immediately  under  them,  needs  daily  and  careful 
attention  ;  as  does  likewise  the  capture  of  earwigs, 
which  appear  very  prevalent,  but  their  numbers  can 
be  speedily  reduced  by  placing  some  dry  moss  in  the 
bottom  of'  small  flower-pots  and  inverting  one  over 
each  jdant  upon  one  of  its  stakes.  The  pots  should 
be  exami  red  and  the  insects  destroyed  each  morning, 
while  aphis,  another  enemy,  may  be  dislodged  by 
applications  of  tobacco-powder.  Once  the  flower- 
buds  are  set  their  development  should  be  assisted  by 
feeding  the  plants  with  some  kind  of  manure,  such 
as  Clay's,  Peruvian  guano,  or  liquid  derived  from 
soot  and  sheep  and  horse  droppings.  In  using  these 
we  change  them  frequently  and  apply  the  powdered 
kinds  in  wet  weather.  In  showery  weather  a  mistake 
resulting  in  the  plants  losing  their  bottom  leaves, 
mav  easily  be  made,  by  t.aking  the  balls  of  soil  to  be 
wet  throughout  when  the  surface  only  is  so.  It  may 
also  be  mentioned  that  the  plants  should  have  free 
space,  and  their  shoots  be  sufficiently  separated 
to  let  the  sun's  rays  play  well  among  them. 
Nights  sufficiently  cold  to  necessitate  the  removal  of 
Bouvardias  from  tlie  open  to  their  winter  quarters 
may  soon  be  expected  :  we  grow  ours  for  cutting 
purposes,  and  by  stopping  some  plants  later  than 
others  keep  up  a  good  succession  of  flowers.  At 
present  thev  are  planted  out  in  cool  jiits  without 
protection,  but  will  shortly  be  lifted  and  potted, 
where  they  will  be  kept  for  a  few  days  (until  they 
recover  from  the  check),  in  a  rather  close  and  moist 
temperature.  Linum  trigynum  is  treated  in  a  similar 
manner,  and  does  remarkably  %vell,  not  suff'ering  from 
red-spider  as  it  often  does  when  kejit  in  pots.  In 
order  to  keep  Poinsettias  dwarf  and  sturdy,  they 
should  be  kept  near  to  the  glass,  and  at  present 
aff'orded  plenty  of  air  both  night  and  day  ;  neither 
these  nor  Euphorbia  jacquiniflora  need  so  much 
moisture  at  their  roots  as  many  plants  do— the  latter 
we  like  to  aff'ord  a  brisk  warmth  during  its  season  of 
.growth,  but  it  must  not  be  heavily  shaded  or  sub- 
jected to  much  atmospheric  moisture,  as,  in  order  to 
"bloom  it  well,  it,  is  essential  that  its  growth  be  well 
ripened.  Plumbago  rosea  also  enjoys  stove  heat  to 
grow  in,  and  unless  ke])t  shaded  from  bright  sunshine 
Hs  foliage  becomes  discoloured.  Thyrsacanthus. 
Sericographis.  Eranthemums.  Justicias,  Pentas. 
ScutelFarias,  Goldfussias,  should  now  be  rather  freely 


AuGDST  27,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


249 


aired  and  but  slightly  shaded,  so  that  their  shoots 
may  bo  well  matured.  Winter  flowerin";  Begonias 
sliould  also  have  similar  treatment  and  be  allowed 
plenty  of  space  to  prevent  them  getting  drawn. 
I'liomas  Coombcr,  Hendre. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Thk  Strawberry. — Those  who  wish  to  have  a 
good  plantation  of  bearing  Strawberries  next  year 
should  at  once  put  out  strong  plants  from  pots.  The 
strongest  growing  varieties  in  good  soil  should  be 
planted  2  feet  G  inches  one  way  and  2  feet  the  other, 
less  strong  growers  at  proportionately  less  distances. 
The  preparation  of  the  ground,  by  trenching  and  ma- 
nuring it,  is  well  known,  but  what  is  also  important  is 
the  manner  of  planting.  A  man  with  a  dibber  sticking 
the  plants  in  at  so  much  an  acre,  as  they  do  in  field 
work,  will  not  be  successful;  indeeJ,  however  care- 
fully the  layers  are  planted,  if  they  are  merely  dug 
out  from  the  open  ground  it  is  not  likely  that  a  crop 
will  be  gathered  from  them  next  season. 

It  is  very  desirable  that  the  plants  should  be  put 
in  early,  if  possible  in  August,  and  each  plant  ought 
to  have  been  layered  in  a  60-sized  pot.  In  hot  dry 
weather  the  undersides  of  the  leaves  are  usually 
infested  with  red-spider:  they  ought  to  be  dipped 
separately  in  a  pail  containing  water  in  which  3 
ounces  of  soft-soap  to  a  gallon  of  warm  water  and 
half  a  pint  of  tobacco-water  are  added.  This  will 
kill  the  spider.  In  putting  out  the  plants  see  that  a 
shallow  basin  is  left  around  each  ;  this  will  prevent 
the  water  from  running  away  from  the  plants,  either 
from  rain  or  by  its  application  from  a  water-pot. 
The  plants  may  even  be  planted  out  as  late 
as  the  middle  of  September,  and  produce  an  excellent 
crop  of  good  fruit  the  following  season.  Some  years 
ago  I  prepared  a  piece  of  ground  for  the  Strawbeny 
plantation,  but  not  liking  to  let  it  lie  entirely  fallow 
it  was  sown  with  late  Peas,  and  the  season  being 
unfavourable,  the  Peas  were  not  gathered  until  the 
middle  of  September.  I  therefore  planted  the 
runners  in  5-inch  pots,  using  a  compost  of  equal  parts 
of  loam  and  decayed  manure ;  in  this  rich  material 
they  grew  with  the  greatest  vigour,  and  might  be 
described  as  truiting  plants  before  they  were  set  out 
in  the  rows.  In  a  month  they  had  taken  firm  hold 
of  the  ground,  and  produced  as  good  a  crop  of  Straw- 
berries the  following  season  as  any  one  could  wish  to 
see.  The  whole  secret  of  success  consists  in  growing 
on  the  young  plants  without  allowing  them  to  have 
any  check  to  their  growth.  The  plants  must  be  kept 
in  a  light  and  airy  position,  and  in  a  uniform  moist 
condition  at  the  roots. 

What  are  the  best  varieties  to  plant  is  a  question  of 
some  importance,  and  probably  not  any  one  variety 
would  be  uniformly  good  in  all  classes  of  soil;  but  the 
lists  of  varieties  sent  from  the  leading  growers  con- 
tain too  many  ;  the  descriptive  remarks  attached 
to  them  are  usually  too  highly  coloured  ;  all  the 
good  qualities  of  the  variety  are  made  more  pro- 
nounced by  the  aid  of  superlatives,  and  further,  as  a 
rule,  nothing  is  said  about  their  faults.  One  variety 
[  have  grown  in  different  soils  and  have  discarded 
because  of  its  liability  to  mildew,  is  Pioneer,  and  yet 
in  a  three-line  highly  coloured  description  not  a 
word  is  mentioned  of  this.  Now  let  us  suppose  a 
nurseryman  has  proved  a  new  Strawberry  in  his  trial 
grounds  ;  he  finds  it  good  in  every  respect,  but  the 
fruit  is  liable  to  mildew.  I  do  not  think  his  trade 
would  suff"er  in  the  long  run  if  a  short  sentence  were 
added  to  the  effect  that  the  plant  was  liable  to  be 
attacked  by  mildew.  There  are  also  relative  degrees 
of  hardiness,  and  this  ought  also  to  be  stated. 
Further,  some  varieties  are  of  vigorous  constitution, 
others  make  but  medium  growth,  some  again,  as 
Loxford  Uall  Seedling  and  Unser  Fritz,  may  be 
described  as  forming  small  plants,  and  this  last 
section  cannot  perhaps  be  grown  in  too  rich  soil. 

It  is  also  a  grave  error  to  grow  so  many  varieties. 
Seventy  is  the  number  described  in  a  catalogue  just 
received  by  post,  and  some  profess  to  supply  even  a 
larger  number  of  varieties.  We  still  think  very 
highly  of  Black  Prince.  I  do  not  think  it  is  yet 
surpassed  for  its  hardiness,  free-bearing  qualities, 
earliness,  and,  not  least,  its  adaptability  for  early 
forcing.  King  of  the  Earlies  is  evidently  a  seed- 
ling from  it,  but  it  is  not  earlier,  though  of 
a  better  tiavour.  Keens'  Seedling  has  maintained 
its  character  for  eighty  years,  and  if  I  had 
to  choose  three  varieties  only  this  would  be  one  of 
them.     It   is   rather  remarkable   that  it  was  raised 


from  the  large  white  Cliili,  being  selected  as  the 
only  one  worth  growing  out  of  a  large  batch  of 
seedlings.  It  was  raised  by  Mr,  Michael  Keen, 
of  Isleworth,  in  180G.  The  Chili  Strawberries 
cultivated  sixty  years  ago  seem  to  have  gone  out  of 
cultivation.  They  were  the  true  Chili.  Scarlet  Chili, 
large  Blush  Chili,  and  Wilmot's  Superb.  The 
•scarlet  varieties,  also  popular  half  a  century  ago, 
have  gone  out  of  general  cultivation.  The  old 
scarlet,  the  Kosebery.  and  the  Grove  End,  were  the 
best  of  them.  Six  of  the  best  varieties  are  Black 
Prince,  Keen's  Seedling,  President,  British  Queen, 
Frogmore  Late  Pine,  and  Loxford  Hall  Seedling. 
J.  Douglas. 


the  roots.  The  large  leaves  of  many  3ubtroi)ical3 
thi'ow  off  the  water  which  falls,  and  the  roots  derive 
no  benefit.   }Vm,M.  BaiUic. 


The  Flower  Garden. 


Cuttings.  —  The  stock  of  cuttings  of  Coleus, 
Iresine,  Alternantliera,  Heliotrope,  Ageratum,  &c.. 
which  was  put  in  some  time  ago  should  be  carefully 
examined  to  see  if  they  are  likely  to  strike,  otherwise 
a  fresh  lot  should  be  put  in  at  once.  If  a  spent 
Melon  or  Cucumber  bed  be  at  command,  they  will 
be  all  the  better  if  put  in  it.  Proceed  with  the 
propagation  of  Pelargoniums;  this  will  be  difficult 
in  many  places,  on  account  of  the  dry  weather. 
Kather  than  impoverish  tlie  beds,  a  larger  quantity 
of  the  old  plants  can  be  lifted  later  on,  and  if  placed 
in  a  growing  temperature  in  early  spring,  will  afford 
a  good  batch  of  cuttings. 

Tlic  Tnrnip-flij  is  very  troublesome  this  season  on 
Stocks  ;  the  fly  soon  ruins  the  plants  if  steps  be 
not  promptly  taken  to  keep  it  in  check.  I  find 
a  little  petroleum  in  water  (95°  Fahr.),  distributed 
in  a  fine  spray  from  the  garden-engine,  a  good 
remedy. 

Carnations  and  Pin/;s  which  were  layered  early, 
and  are  now  sufficiently  I'ooted,  may  be  removed 
from  the  parent  plant,  and  planted  in  the  beds  they 
are  intended  to  occupy.  They  will  be  in  more  robust 
health  than  those  which  are  wintered  in  pots  under 
glass,  and  will  flower  more  satisfactorily  next  year. 
I  believe  the  constitution  of  many  of  our  hardy 
plants  has  been  undermined  by  a  system  of  coddling, 
which  has  laid  them  open  to  attacks  of  disease. 
Eemove  the  old  flower-spikes  from  the  plants  as 
soon  as  their  beauty  is  over,  and  water  layers  which 
are  not  yet  rooted,  maintaining  a  nice  moist  state  of 
the  soil.  Cuttings  of  Pinks  and  Carnations  may  be 
put  in  on  a  slight  hotbed,  and  allowed  to  remain  all 
the  winter,  when  they  can  be  potted  up,  or  planted 
out  in  spring. 

Herhaceous  Sorjers  require  to  be  frequently  gone 
over  to  remove  any  decayed  flower-spikes  or  to 
harvest  seed.  Secure  to  their  stakes  plants  of  Asters, 
Solidago,  Phloxes,  Sec.  and  maintain  a  dressed 
appearance  throughout.  Pick  the  seed-pods  off  such 
plants  as  Sweet  Peas.  Dahlias,  Lobelias,  Salpiglosis, 
Mignonette,  and  other  plants,  in  order  to  prolong 
their  flowering.  Jlalva  italica  is  a  striking  plant  in 
a  shrubbery  or  in  a  bed  on  a  lawn.  At  a  distance 
it  bears  a  resemblance  to  a  single  Hollyhock.  Its 
flowering  propensities  cannot  be  over-estimated.  It 
commences  to  bloom  in  July,  and  continues  till  cut 
down  by  frost.  It  grows  to  a  height  of  from  3  to 
4  feet,  and  is  perfectly  hardy.  Cuttings  put  in  with 
Calceolarias  and  Violas  root  freely  and  flower  the 
following  season.  Plant  out  Wallflowers  as  soon  as 
possible,  also  Sweet  Williams,  Eockets,  Lunarias, 
Brorapton  and  other  Stocks,  to  get  them  well  estab- 
lished before  winter  sets  in.  Violets  should  have 
their  runners  removed,  and  if  the  ground  be  poor  a 
good  soaking  of  manure-water  should  be  given,  and 
when  the  soil  is  in  workable  condition  run  the  hoe 
through  it  to  loosen  the  surface.  Keep  a  look-out 
for  red-spider,  and  do  not  allow  it  to  get  a  foot- 
ing. As  a  preventive  syringe  the  plants  occasionally 
with  petroleum  in  water  heated  to  85°  or  90° — a 
2J-inch  flowerpotful  to  6  gallons  of  water. 

The  Flower  Beds. — These  will  require  more  atten- 
tion as  the  days  shorten,  as  the  plants  cease  flowering 
so  profusely,  and  are  more  inclined  to  make  growth. 
It  is  better  to  sacrifice  a  few  of  the  shoots  to  admit 
a  free  circulation  of  air  amongst  the  plants.  The 
dew  deposit  speedily  destroys  the  centres  of  the 
Pelargonium  trusses,  and  unless  the  decayed  portions 
are  frequently  removed  the  wbole  truss  will  soon 
decay.  Keep  the  lines  of  carpet  beds  well  defined  by 
constantly  pinching  the  overlapping  shoots.  If  this 
does  not  receive  proper  attention  the  whole  will 
become  an  incongruous  mass.  Attend  to  the  staking 
and  securing  of  Kicinus,  Wigandias,  Nicotianas, 
&c.,     and     see   that     sufficient    moisture    reaches 


The  Kitchen  Garden, 


Winter  Stuff. — Now  that  the  various  plantings 
of  Brussels  Sprouts,  Winter  Greens,  Broccoli,  and 
the  like,  have  obtained  a  good  start,  they  should  be 
gone  over,  and  all  small  or  discoloured  leaves  re- 
moved, and  the  ground  thoroughly  cleared  of  weeds. 
If  not  already  done  the  plants  should  be  supported 
by  having  the  soil  drawn  up  to  the  stems.  Continue  to 
plant  out  on  rich  ground  more  Early  London 
Coleworts  ;  also  early  kinds  of  Cabbage  of  those 
sown  in  June. 

Endive. — Plant  out  from  the  seed-beds  at  intervals 
sufficient  quantities  to  meet  requirements,  and  to 
form  a  succession.  These  plantings  should  be  avail- 
able for  giving  a  supply  throughout  the  winter,  both 
for  bleaching  on  the  ground  and  also  for  lifting  and 
storing  into  frames.  More  forward  plants  should  be 
prepared  for  use,  cither  by  being  tied  up  or  by 
having  slates  placed  over  them  whilst  in  a  dry 
state ;  these  will  be  bleached  and  ready  for  use 
in  about  ten  days  or  a  fortnight  from  the  date  of 
covering.  Where  suitable  accommodation  exists 
another  small  sowing  can  be  made  in  a  cold  frame, 
to  be  afterwards  transplanted  into  others  for  very 
late  spring  use.  In  making  provision  for  the  winter 
supply  of  Endive  preference  should  be  given  to  the 
Batavian  variety ;  it  stands  frost  better  than  the 
curled  one,  keeps  longer  in  a  usable  condition,  and, 
being  tender  and  less  bitter  in  flavour,  is  generally  in 
great  request  for  salads  during  the  winter  months. 

Lettuce. — Good  provision  should  also  be  made  of 
these  by  planting  out  from  the  seed-beds  all  the 
most  forward  and  strongest  plants — both  Lettuce 
and  Endive  should  be  allotted  warm  sheltered  borders 
and  good  light  rich  ground. 

Onions. — These  should  be  jjulled  up  when  the  tops 
and  necks  drop  and  begin  to  shrivel,  and  should  be 
allowed  to  remain  on  the  ground  for  a  few  days, 
being  turned  over  occasionally  in  order  that  they 
may  become  thoroughly  ripe  and  firm,  choosing  a 
bright  sunny  day  to  store  them.  An  airy  dry  shed 
or  store-room  should,  if  possible,  be  selected  wherein 
to  place  them  for  a  time  on  open  shelves  spread  out 
thinly,  afterwards  to  be  assorted  and  cleaned.  Tliis 
is  also  a  suitable  time  for  harvesting  seeds,  and  when 
they  are  not  sufficiently  ripe  and  matured  at  the  time 
of  gathering  they  should  be  placed  under  conditions 
favourable  for  drying,  but  where  the  process  would 
not  be  a  too  rapid  one. 

Herbs  should  also  be  secured  and  dried  under 
somewhat  similar  conditions,  those  kinds,  such  as 
Spear  Mint,  S.ige,  &c.,  being  cut  so  as  to  allow  of 
their  being  ultimately  tied  up  into  convenient  bunches, 
whilst  Camomile  and  others,  that  are  in  request  for 
their  flowers  only,  should  have  the  individual  blos- 
soms hand-picked.  Naturally  all  work  of  this 
description  must  be  executed  during  dry  weather 
and  whilst  the  flowers,  foliage,  &c.,  are  in  a  suitable 
condition. 

General  Work. — During  the  next  month  every 
opportunity  should  be  taken  to  thoroughly  clean  and 
clear  the  garden  of  weeds,  hoeing  and  r.aking  should 
therefore  be  persevered  in,  and  as  far  as  possible  all 
weeds  exterminated.  One  or  two  good  cleanings  now 
will  go  a  long  way  towards  maintaining  a  clean  and 
neat  appearance,  and  in  keeping  weeds  in  check 
during  the  autumn  and  winter  months,  and  where 
the  use  of  the  hoe  is  impracticable,  as  in  seed-beds, 
hand  weeding  should  be  resorted  to.  The  removal 
also  of  all  decayed  vegetable  matter,  spent  crops,  or 
other  unsightly  objects,  is  essential  and  necessary 
towards  good  order.  Manure  heaps  intended  for 
groundwork  this  autumn  should  during  showery 
weather  be  prepared  for  use,  by  being  turned  over 
and  thoroughly  mixed  and  incorporated.  Accumu- 
lations also  of  refuse  and  rubbish  should  be  burnt 
over,  and  afterwards  screened  or  sifted,  and  a  portion 
at  any  rate  reserved  and  kept  dry,  to  be  used  for 
dusting  over  seed-beds,  or  other  young  crops  as  may 
be  necessary.  John  Austen.  Witleij  Court. 


MlSTLETO  ON  THE  PEACH.— A  correspondent 
of  the  Revue  Horticolc  states  that  he  is  in  possession 
of  an  old  Peach  tree  upon  which  Mistleto  has  grown 
for  a  long  time.  We  do  not  remember  to  h-ave  heard 
of  the  growth  of  Mistleto  on  the  Peach  before. 


250 


THE     rjABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Adoust  27,  1887. 


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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

SHOWS. 

WEDNESDAY.   A.rc..:i\\^''Z^^^T°''7r!L  „J5"'*''?""™' 
(      and  Botanical  (three  days). 

THURSDAY.        SEPT.  1— Paisley  Horticultural  (two  days). 

(  Fruit  Show  andNational  Dahlia  So- 

2 -J      cietics  Exhibition 

{     Palace  (two  days). 


SALES 


'G.  29 -J 


TUR^DAY. 


Aug.  30  ^* 


{      Eooms. 
,(  Orchids  in  Flower,  at  Protheroe  & 

■^      Morris"  Rooms. 
WEDNESDAY.     Aug.  31— Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens*  Rooms. 

/Imported    Orchids,    from    Mr.    F. 
THURSDAY.        Skpt.  1 }  ^Sander.^^^^  ^^ ^^_^^^_^^^^  ^ ^^^^^^^ 

t     Rooms. 

irpiiiA\-  Q,7DT,  9  ( Established  and  Imported  Orchitis, 

'""        ■  ,  ''^■'^^-  -  i     at  Protheroe  &  Morris'  Rooms  . 

(  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
SATURDAV,        Sept.  ,3 .J  Dutch     Bulbs,     .at     Protheroe     .t 

(     Morris'  Rooms. 


Co-operation  T'HE  National  Co-operative  Flower 
and  AUotmifut  Show,  promoted  by  the  Agricul- 
Sardcns.  tural  and  Horticultural  Co-opera- 
tive Association  (Limited),  of  which  Mr.  Edward 
OwKN  (iiiEENiNG  is  the  energetic  manager,  took 
place  in  the  conservatory  of  the  Uoy.al  Horticul- 
tural .Society  at  South  Kensington  on  Tuesday 
last.  Despite  the  character  of  the  season  the 
show  was  in  some  respects  an  advance  upon  that 
of  last  year.  There  appeared  to  be  a  larger 
number  of  exhibitors,  and  in  a  few  of  the  classes 
the  exhibits  were  of  a  fair  order  of  merit ;  yet, 
taken  .is  a  whole,  it  did  not  rise  above  an  ordi- 
nary exhil)ition  of  cottagers'  produce ;  and, 
indeed,  it  fell  considerably  below  some  of  them 
in  paint  of  averiige  excellence.  Bearing  in  mind 
that  exhibitors  are  drawn  from  all  parts  of  the 
country,  and  in  not  a  few  cases  from  districts 
highly  favourable  to  vegetable  culture — seeing, 
also  that  gardeners  in  good  positions,  with  large 
range  for  selection  of  subjects  are  pertaitted  to 
compete,  we  confess  that  the  show  fell  below  our 
expectations. 

1'he  principle  of  co-operation  is  an  old  one, 
liut  it  was  scarcely  put  into  practical  shape  until 
1844,  when  the  Equitable  Pioneer  Co-operative 
Store  w,-v3  founded  in  Ilochdale  by  a  few  poor 
lamii'l  weavers.     It  was  asked  if  working  men 


can  combine  effectively  and  in  large  numbers 
for  the  furtherance  of  a  Benefit  Society  or  a 
Trades  I'nion.  why  should  they  not  also  co- 
operate for  the  purpose  of  supplying  each  other 
with  good  and  cheap  food  and  clothing,  and  such 
other  articles,  dividing  among  themselves  the 
profits  which  would  otherwise  be  distributed 
among  various  manufacturers  and  shopkeepers  ? 
The  success  attending  the  Kochdale  venture 
encouraged  other  attempts,  and  perhiips  the  most 
successful  of  the  applications  of  the  principle 
seen  in  our  days  are  those  furnished  by  the  civil 
and  military  servants  of  the  Crown,  whose 
palatial  stores  are  one  of  the  features  of  moilern 
London. 

The  principle  that  the  workers  shall  divide  the 
profits  imderlies  the  Agricultural  and  Horticul- 
tural Ass.sociation  that  promoted  the  exhibition 
on  Tuesday  last.  The  Association  encouraged 
by  all  means  in  its  power  the  establishment  of 
co-operative  allotments  and  associated  gardens  ; 
and  the  pcssibilities  of  accomplishing  this  object 
were  placed  before  the  Conference  held  during 
the  afternoon  by  means  of  a  paper  read  by  j\Ir. 
E.  0.  Greening.  How  far  the  highly  desir.able 
objects  sought  will  be  furthered  by  the  t'on- 
ference  remains  to  be  seen ;  but  there  was  a 
marked  tendency  on  the  part  of  the  spe,akers  to 
lay  hold  of  side  issues.  Still  something  will  he 
gained  from  the  publicity  given  by  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  day;  and  all  politicil  parties  in 
the  State  now  appear  to  be  in  common  agreement 
as  to  the  necessity  for  giving  responsible  local 
bodies  powers  to  acquire  land  for  allotments, 
even  to  the  length  of  compulsory  powers  of 
purchase. 

And  it  may  safely  be  predicted  that  the  co- 
operative principle  will  not  be  allowed  to  die. 
Protests  may  be  raised  against  it  by  men  in  high 
places,  or  by  those  who  think  that  they 
are  liable  to  lie  injm'ed  by  it,  but  the 
principle  has  taken  a  firm  hold  on  modern 
society,  "  It  .seems  certainly  destined  to  de- 
velope  rather  than  fade ;  to  absorb  rather  than 
be  absorbed."  So  writes  a  modern  historian.  And 
the  Council  of  the  Itoyal  Horticultural  .Society  is 
to  be  commended  for  giving  countenance  to  this 
exhibition.  It  is  quite  within  the  legitimate 
work  of  the  Society  to  foster  undertakings  of 
this  kind  ;  indeed,  its  act  might  be  taken  as  indi- 
cating that  the  Council  is  awakening  to  the 
facts  that  new  ideas  rule,  and  that  if  it  is  to 
remain  the  national  representative  of  practical 
horticulture  it  must  widen  the  scope  of  its 
activity,  and  place  itself  abreast  of  the  progress 
of  the  time. 

But  if  this  exhibition  is  to  be  continued  some 
amendnients  in  the  schedule  of  prizes  are  neces- 
sary. If  the  holders  of  allotments  and  cottage 
gardens  are  to  be  encouraged  gardeners  of  posi- 
tion, with  almost  unlimited  resources  at  their 
command,  should  not  be  allowed  to  compete  with 
them.  If  it  is  necessary  to  include  such  exhi- 
bitors under  the  head  of  members  of  the  Agri- 
cultural .Vssociation  or  their  gardeners,  bailiffs, 
&c.,  they  should  have  a  few,  and  a  few  only,  of 
the  classes  allotted  to  them.  Exhibitors  should 
be  as  far  as  possible  placed  on  a  level  in  regard  to 
their  resources  and  opportunities.  The  wording 
of  some  of  the  classes  needs  revision  ;  they  should 
be  put  upon  the  broadest  possible  basis,  and  all 
narrowing  and  unnecessary  definitions  be  swept 
away.  The  value  of  the  prizes  in  many  of  the 
classes  might  be  reduced  with  advantage,  and 
more  prizes  awarded  in  a  class.  It  was  also  sus- 
pected by  those  competent  to  form  an  opinion, 
that  some  of  the  articles  exhibited  were  not  the 
bond  fide  growth  of  the  exhibitor.  The  regu- 
lations relating  to  exhibitors  arc  not  sudlciently 


explicit  on  this  point.  They  set  forth  that  "  all 
specimens  must  be  the  bona  fide  property  of  the 
exhibitor,"  and  if  the  exhilnts  were  bought  on 
the  previous  day  the  letter  of  this  regulation 
would  not  be  contravened.  But  these  are  matters 
of  detail  that  can  easily  be  rectified. 

As  a  means  of  increasing  food-production 
among  the  working  classes,  of  furnishing  them 
with  wholesome,  refining,  yet  materially  profit- 
able occupation,  beyond  the  monotonous  drudgery 
of  their  daily  toil,  as  a  method  of  brightening 
their  lives  and  putting  them  more  on  a  par  with 
their  richei'  neighbours  in  the  matter  of  the  com- 
forts and  elegancies  of  life,  and  of  stimulating 
those  higher  influences  which  are  developed 
from  communion  with  Nature,  such  associationi> 
and  procedures  are  highly  to  be  commended. 


It  is  a  singular  and  remarkable 
Co'nTc-s"  ^^'^^  *'^^*  *'^®  ^^''^  ^^^  years  which 
ha\'e,  as  we  hope,  been  years  of 
the  lowest  possible  depression  in  the  fortunes  of 
the  Koyal  Horticultural  Society,  have  also  been 
the  years  in  which  the  literary  activity  of  the 
Society  has  been  the  most  marked.  Of  course 
we  are  alluding,  not  to  the  earliest  years  of  the 
Society,  when  magnificent  and  costly  quartos  were 
issued  in  the  form  of  Transactions,  and  serviceable 
octavos  kept  the  Fellows  au  courant  with  what 
was  being  done  in  the  higher  departments 
of  gardening,  but  we  are  referring  especially 
to  the  last  few  years,  when,  after  a  period  of 
literary  inactivity,  or  at  least  of  spasmodic  and 
greatly  interrupted  publication,  the  Society 
has  published  such  Reports  as  those  of  the 
<  )rchid  Conference,  the  I'rimula  Conference,  the 
Frost  Keport — by  far  the  fullest  report  on  the 
subject  ever  published ;  while  the  most  success- 
ful and  generally  appreciated  of  all  the  con- 
gresses was  followed  by  the  publication  by  Mr. 
Barron  of  the  Report  on  British  Apples,  which 
embodies  a  larger  amount  of  practically  useful 
information  on  iVpples  than  any  similar  produc- 
tion. To  this  list  we  may  now  add  the  Report  of 
the  I'ear  CJonference,  just  issued,  and  which  may 
be  had  by  Fellows  on  application  to  the  Assistant- 
Secretary  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  or 
by  the  general  public  from  Messrs.  Macmill.vn 
&  Co.,  Bedford  Street,  Covent  (iarden.  We 
believe  the  Apple  Report  has  had  a  considerable 
sale,  and  trust  that  the  Pear  Report  will  be 
equally  successful.  But  we  cannot  but  note 
as  an  evil  sign  that  the  other  publications, 
in  spite  of  their  intrinsic  value,  which  is  great, 
are  scarcely  appreciated  by  the  Fellows  at  all. 
This  is  only  another  indication  of  that  dis- 
heartening want  of  interest  among  the  bulk  of 
the  Fellows  which  has  contributed  so  largely  to 
the  present  miserable  state  of  things.  The  horti- 
culturists proper  may  pipe,  but  the  public  do  not 
dance  :  they  may  produce,  time  after  time, 
shows  of  great  interest,  but  the  visitors  are  few 
and  far  between.  Our  object  in  adverting  to- 
this  wearisome  matter  now  is  to  call  attention  to  ■ 
the  publication  of  this  Pear  Report,  and  to  watch 
the  way  in  which  it  is  taken  up  by  the  public, 
so  thiit  those  who  have  the  management  of  the 
Society  may  the  more  clearly  see  in  what  direc- 
tions their  efforts  may  be  most  profitably 
expended. 

The  Apple  Congress  of  1 883  attracted  so  much 
.attention  that  in  188."),  when  the  conditions 
seemed  favourable,  a  similar  conference  and 
exhibition  was  held  relating  to  Pears  on 
October  21.  The  gener<al  plan  was  the  same 
as  that  adopted  in  the  case  of  the  Apple 
(/Ongress.  Specimens  and  illustrative  reports, 
were  collected  from  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  so- 


August  27,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


251 


that  a  representative  collection  of  nearly  every 
\arietv  of  I'ear  known  and  cultivated  in  the 
country  was  got  together,  arranged  geogra- 
phically. Early  varieties  whose  season  had 
passed  in  the  South  were  represented  by  speci- 
mens from  the  North. 

The  exhibitors  numbered  167,  the  dishes  shown 
amounted  to  020!  I,  exclusive  of  those  sent  from 
I'rauce  for  comparison.  Every  ell'ort  was  made 
Ijy  the  Committee  to  secure  accuracy  of  nomen- 
clature and  determine  synonymy.     In  this  way 


For  market  purposes  the  following  were 
selected :  —Beacon  (August),  Fertility  and  Sou- 
venir du  Congres  (September),  Marie  IjOuise 
d'Uccle,  Durondeau  (October,  November ). 

The  Conference  I'ear  was  the  only  new 
Pear  deemed  worthy  of  a  certificate  as  a  market 
Pear.  Jlessrs.  Kivkrs  &  Sox  raised  this  variety, 
which  is  in  season  in  <  )ctober. 

Among  the  newer  French  Pears  the  following 
were  recommended  as  worthy  of  introduction 
here :  —  IJeurre    Dnmont     (^October),    Madame 


Gc-ner:il  I'otlolieM 
Ulou  Mon-aux 
Huyshea  liiTRamol 
Jos'pllincilo.MaUn.- 
.fersi'y  Gratioli 
liOuiae  Bonne  of  .Ter.--i'y 
.Madame  Andre  Lerov 

,,    Treyve 
Marie  Benoist 

;]    Louise  d'Uccle 
Nouvelle  Fulvie 
Olivier  des  Serrm 
Pnsse  Colninr 

Pitmaston  Duclic'ss 


Souvenir  du  Coiifjri^s 
Suffolk  Tlioru 
Thompson's 
Urban  late 

Van  iMons"  Leon  le  Clli 
Williams' Hon  ClirelK 
Winter  Nel  is 
Zeplierin  Gregoire 

Steioinfj  Pear^, 
Bellissime  d'Hivor 
Catillac 
Oilles-o-Gillci ! 
Grosse  Calebaase 
Uvedale's  St.  Germain 

Vicar  of  Winklield 


Fig.  62. —  the  pine 


iTSWORTH.       (see 


no  fewer  than  61.5  distinct  varieties  of  Pears 
were  scrutinised  and  compared  one  with 
another. 

Of  these  the  following  modern  varieties  were 
recommended  for  quality  and  bearing  properties  : 
— lieurre  Giffard  (August),  Madame  Treyve, 
Summer  Reurre  d'Aremberg  and  Clapp's  Favour- 
ite (September);  Pitmaston  Duchess  (October 
and  November),  Beurre  d'Anjou,  Beurre  Baltet 
pere,  and  Emile  d'Heyst  (November) ;  Marie 
]>enoist,  Nouvelle  Fulvie,  BenrrS  de  .longhe, 
and  Ij'Inconnue  (.lanuary) ;  Duchesse  de  Bor- 
deaux, (Jlivier  des  Serres  (February) ;  Passe 
Crassane  (March). 


Andre  Leroy,  President  ^las.  President  Osmon- 
ville  (November). 

On  a  general  examination  of  the  whole  of  the 
collections  exhibited,  the  following  sixty  wore 
selected  as  especially  noteworthy  : — 


Alexandrp  Lambre 

JJinirre  Sterckmmii 

Burgamotte  Espuroii 

..    Superfin 

Beurre  Alexander  Liien'; 

Ohanmontel 

,,     d'Amanlis 

Comte  de  Lamy 

,,     d'Anjou 

Oonseillor  de  la  t'cn 

,,    dd'Assompliou 

Doyenne  dc  Boufestn, 

„     Bachelicr 

„    du  Cornice 

..     Baltet  p6n- 

Duchesse  d'Angoulti 

„     Bosc 

Durondeau 

,,     Clairgeau 

Ea'^ter  Beurre 

„     Die! 

Emile  d'Hevst 

,.     Hardy 

Flemish  Beauty 

„    Ranee 

Fondante  d'Autnmi 

„    Spae 

tiansel's  Berganiot 

One  very  important  result  of  the  examinatiorf 
of  the  whole  series  was  arrived  at,  and  that  was, 
the  character  of  the  variety  is  not  altered,  whether 
it  be  grown  in  .Tersey  or  in  the  North  of  Scot- 
land. In  each  locality,  and  in  all  intermediate 
places,  good  and  careful  cultivation  tend  to  pro- 
duce fruit  of  the  same  character,  and — allowing 
for  differences  of  climate  and  season — equal  ex- 
cellence. The  Kentish,  Herefordshire,  and  even 
those  from  lioxburghshire,  were  as  meritorious 
as  those  from  the  Channel  Islands — good  culti- 
vation and  the  Quince  stock  (except  for  orchard 
Pears)  seem  to  be  the  conditions  for  success,  and 
go    very   far   to   counterljalance    inferiority   of 


252 


THE     GABDENEIiS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  27,  1887. 


climatal  conditions.  Great  part  of  the  value  of 
the  publication  before  us  consists  in  the  remarks 
furnished  by  the  exhibitors  themselves.  These, 
with  the  list  of  Pear.s  selected  as  the  best  adapted 
for  particular  counties,  will  be  of  the  greatest 
service  to  planters  in  particular  localities.  The 
book  ends  with  a  brief  description  of  the  fruits 
of  the  016  kinds  exhibited.  AVe  should  have  been 
glad  to  have  descriptions  of  the  foliage  and  bud 
(that  of  the  flowers  would,  of  course,  have  been 
impracticable),  but  we  are  very  thankful  for 
what  we  have  got,  and  tender  our  thanks  and  con- 
gratulations to  the  Society  and  to  Mr.  BAnnON, 
whose  labours  as  editor  must  have  taxed  his 
powers  to   no  slight  degree. 


Professor    Reichenbach.— We   learn   that 

our  ilistinguished  colleague  has  been  nominated  by 
the  King  of  Saxony  Commander  of  the  Order  of 
Albert. 

Botanic  Garden,  Bonn.  —  Garden-Inspector 
Ueissneb.  late  of  Bnniswick.  has  been  appointed 
Inspector  of  the  Botanic  (lur.ien,  Bonn. 

Vegetable  Trials  at  Chiswick.— At  a 
meeting  of  the  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Committee  of 
the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  Chiswick.  on  the 
12th  inst. — present :  Mr.  Peter  Baku,  in  the  chair ; 
ilessrs.  lioBERTS,  Saltmarsu,  and  the  Secretary — 
the  committee  examined  the  collections  of  Onions, 
rotates,  and  Tomatos  growing  in  the  garden. 
Amongst  Onions,  Kousham  Park  Hero  and  Anglo 
White  Spanisli  from  Mr.  Devekill,  and  Sandy  Prize 
ii-om  Mr.  L.ixTON  were  selected  as  excellent  stocks 
of  the  '^^'llite  Spanish  Onion  that  should  be  tried 
again  next  year,  and  Wliite  Queen  (Carter)  was  com- 
mended as  a  very  true  stock.  Potatos— fourteen 
sorts  were  selected  and  cooked ;  none  of  them  was 
considered  equal  in  quality  to  existing  kinds.  Of 
Tomatos,  of  which  eighty-seven  samples  were  grown 
in  pots,  the  following  were  considered  worthy  of 
three  marks  each,  viz.,  Horsford's  Prelude  (Hors'ford 
and  I'ringlc),  medium  sized  smooth  red,  a  very  free 
bearer;  Livingston's  Perfection  (Farquhar,  Veitch). 
large,  smootli,  round,  red  —very  free ;  President 
("Cleveland  (Farquhar),  large,  round,  smooth— hand- 
some ;  II.am  Green  Favourite  (Crockerl,  very  large, 
smooth,  round— early  and  iiroliflc ;  No.  1  (Watkins 
&  Simpson),  large,  round,  smooth— very  free;  No.  3 
I  Watkins  &  Simpson),  medium  sized,  roundish, 
sometimes  oblong,  smooth  red,  producing  large 
1,'lusters  -a  remarkably  free  cropper. 

The  Kew  Bulletin.— The  eiglith  number  com- 
I)rises  an  account,  by  Mr.  Mobris,  of  the  Tree 
Tomato  (Cyphomandra  betacea)  already  commented 
on  by  hini  in  these  pages,  ?nd  which  seems  likely  to 
be  of  service  as  an  esculent  in  sub-tropical  countries, 
into  many  of  which,  thanks  to  the  energy  of  Jlr. 
Morris,  it  h.as  been  recently  introduced.  Sechium 
I'dule,  the  curious  Gourd  whose  seeds  germinate 
within  the  fruit,  also  comes  in  for  notice,  as  does 
the  Arracaclia,  the  roots  of  which  have  been  recom- 
mended as  a  substitute  for  the  Potato  in  countries 
where  tliat  vegetable  cannot  satisfactorily  be  grown. 

Peaches  on  Hawthorns.— The  Editor  of  the 

Jiemic  HurticoU  mentions  in  a  recent  number  having 
seen  Peaches  as  standards  and  as  espaliers  grafted  on 
the  Hawthorn,  and  which  were  vigorous  and  pro- 
duced good  crops  every  year.  These  trees  are  in  the 
garden  of  M.  Lekobt,  Hecret.ary  of  the  Horticultural 
Society  of  Meaux. 

Blue  Sweet  Pea.— Mr.  Laxton  sends  us  from 

Bedford  flowers  of  his  new  blue  Sweet  Pea.  If  all 
the  flowers  are  as  good  as  those  sent,  this  must  be  a 
viTy  desirable  variety.  The  "  blue,"  as  we  see  it,  is 
violet  or  lilac,  but  for  all  that  it  is  decidedly  a  "  good 
thing. '  A  China  Aster  for  cutting  purposes,  of  a 
rich  cannine  colour,  is  also  good. 

Crinum  Moorei.— Those  on  the  look-oiit  for 
a  >ho\vy  pbant   for   conservatory  decoration   should 


make  a  note  of  this  plant.  It  is  at  present  in  bloom 
in  No.  4  house  at  Kew,  but  under  propitious  circum- 
stances is  hardy  out-of-doors. 

HUNNEMANNIA  FUMARIIFOLIA.  —  This  is  an 
annual  .as  hiindsomeas  an  Eschscholtzia  in  the  flower, 
and  with  finer  foliage,  which  has  a  bolder  outline  than 
the  better-known  Eschscholtzia. 

Constance  Elliot  Passion-flower.— This 

seems  to  be  a  remarkably  free-flowering  variety  ;  its 
ivory-white  flowers  are  produced  in  great  profusion 
on  a  plant  in  No.  4  house  at  Kew,  but  it  is  hardy  in 
most  places  near  London. 

The   Glasshouses  at  Great  Gearies.— 

When  speaking  of  tliesc  in  our  .article  on  p.  Jl'i;,  last 
week,  we  in.advertently  omitted  to  state  tliat  the 
bouses  were  constructed  by  Messrs.  Fostkb  &  Pear- 
son, horticultural  builders,  Beeston,  Notts,  who 
kindly  furnished  us  with  the  ground-plan  of  the 
same,  from  which  the  illustration  accompanying  the 
article  was  niad<-. 

Dr.    Oliver    Wendell    Holmes,   says   the 

liiitanical  Ga:dii\  takes  an  interest  in  trees,  and 
large  ones  in  particular.  In  a  recent  visit  to  Eng- 
land he  measured  a  Scotch  Elm  .at  Oxford,  in  the 
grounds  of  Magdalen  College,  as  he  tells  us  in  the 
Atlantio  Munfhli/,  vol.  lix.,  p.  (>4.5.  that  had  a  girth 
of  2h  feet  6  inches  at  the  smallest  jiart  between  the 
limbs  and  ground.  This  he  contrasts  with  New  Eng- 
land Elms  as  follows : — "  I  have  measured  a  good 
many  of  these.  About  16  feet  is  tlie  measurement  of 
a  large  Elm,  like  that  on  Boston  Common,  which  all 
middle-aged  people  remember.  From  22  to  23  feet 
is  the  ordinary  maximum  of  the  very  largest  trees. 
I  never  found  but  one  exceed  it ;  tliat  was  the  great 
Springfleld  Elm,  which  looks  as  if  it  might  have  been 
formed  by  the  coalescence  from  the  earliest  period  of 
growth  of  two  young  trees.  When  I  measured  it,  in 
1837,  it  was  24  feet  .S  inches  in  circumference  at 
5  feet  from  the  ground,  growing  larger  above  and 
below.*' 

Aster  Pyramidal  Bouquet  Rose.— This  is 

one  of  Messrs.  Vilmokin  &  Co.'s  novelties,  and  is 
now  to  be  seen  in  bloom  in  the  collection  of  Asters 
Mr.  Barron  is  flowering  in  the  Chiswick  gardens, 
It  is  well-named  a  "  bouquet"  Aster;  it  grows  to  a 
height  of  12  to  1.5  inches,  and  eacli  plant  forms  a 
charming  and  symmetrical  bouquet  of  pleasing  pale 
silvery-rose  blossoms  ;  of  medium  size,  and  very 
symmetrical ;  in  the  centre  quilled  florets,  and  round 
these  a  broad  margin  of  flat  ones  handsomely  re- 
flexed.  As  many  as  from  forty  to  fifty  flowers  can 
be  counted  on  a  single  plant,  and  a  goodly  nnmber  of 
them  are  expanded  at  the  same  time.  Here,  then, 
is  a  valuable  type  to  cut  from,  and  it  could  also  be 
used  for  conserratory  decoration  by  lifting  the  plants 
and  placing  them  in  pots.  There  are  other  varieties 
of  this  Aster — one  white,  another  a  pale  pinkish- 
rose — but  they  are  not  so  good  as  the  one  under 
notice,  and  lack  its  superb  refinement.  Apparently, 
this  novelty  is  quite  fixed  in  character  and  comes 
true  from  seed. 

Dishonest  Exhibiting.— Whilst  in  tlie  matter 

of  exhibiting  some  exhibitors  arc  not  a  whit  better 
than  they  sliould  be,  there  has  been,  it  is  believed, 
a  departure  from  the  malpractices  of  a  former  time 
which  were  intended  to  deceive  the  judges.  Exhi- 
bitors, who  are  supposed  to  be  exhibiting  produce  of 
their  own  growth,  still  beg  and  borrow,  but  we  trust, 
for  tlic  honour  of  tlie  craft,  they  are  very  few  indeed,  as 
wilful  deception  appears  to  be  of  rare  occurrence. 
But  it  was,  we  are  informed,  successfully  attera))ted 
at  a  recent  show  by  two  exliibitors  of  Carnations 
and  tlie  judges  were  undoubtedly  deceived.  The 
deception  consisted  in  skilfully  putting  together 
two  and  three  blooms  so  as  to  form  one  ;  the  calyces 
were  bound  tightly  together,  and  the  petals  so  inter- 
mingled as  to  form  a  good-sized  bloom  of  symmetry 
and  substance.  As  usually  happens,  the  malpractices 
were  discovered  by  unplaced  exhibitors  in  the  class. 
The  judges  revised  their  aw.ards,  and  the  evildoers 


were  exposed.  A  dishonest  exhibitor  of  this  character 
always  runs  a  great  risk  of  detection,  and,  indeed,  is 
almost  invariably  found  out ;  then  there  is  the  inevit- 
able loss  of  prize-money,  as  well  as  the  stigma 
that  attaches  to  such  an  exposure.  In  the  case  of  a 
large  show,  where  a  number  of  classes  in  which 
there  is  a  keen  competition  is  given  to  a  set  of  judges, 
and  they  .are  informed  that  they  must  use  all  dispatch 
in  making  their  awards  because  the  public  are  admitted 
early,  it  is  impossible  that  every  stand  of  flowers  can 
be  minutely  examined.  The  judges  are  compelled 
to  take  a  great  deal  upon  trust,  and  proceed  to  work 
on  the  assumption  that  the  exhibitors  are  honest  in 
their  dealings  towards  them.  The  most  appro- 
priate punishment  for  such  ofl'ences  would  be 
an  intimation  from  the  committee  that  the 
off'enders  will  not  be  allowed  to  e.xhibit  in  the 
future ;  and,  if  not  unlawful,  the  publication  of 
their  names  in  the  next  schedule  of  prizes.  The 
honest  exhibitor  needs  protection  against  attempts- 
of  this  kind. 

Tubercles  on  the  Roots  of  Leguminos/e. 

— Mr.  Marshall  Ward  says,  in  the  I'rm-ccdings  of 
the  lioi/al  Sack/!/,  that  "  the  tubercles  on  the 
roots  of  these  plants  always  contain  a  fungus, 
allied  to  the  Ustilaginea;,  which  enters  the  root 
by  way  of  the  root-hairs.  The  ultimate  branches 
of  the  hyphic  in  the  cells  of  the  tubercle  bud  ofT 
minute  bodies  (gemmules),  which  are  afterwardte 
scattered  in  the  soil.  This  process  resembles  the 
budding  discovered  in  Ustilagineai  by  Brefeld.  By 
means  of  cultures  and  obsen-ations  the  author  shows 
that  the  infection  from  tlie  soil  is  probably  due  to 
these  minute  gemmules  acting  as  spores. 

Union  of   Flowers  of  Oncidium  Jonesi- 

ANUM. — The  union  of  two  or  more  flowers  (.synanthy), 
presumably  brought  about  by  their  adherence  one  to 
the  other  at  a  very  early  stage  of  growth,  is  of  very 
common  occurrence  in  Orchids.  The  union  generally 
takes  place  collaterally,  so  that  the  two  flowers  stand 
side  by  side ;  one  or  more  of  the  side  organs,  sepals 
or  petals,  being  abortive — "  crowded  out  by  the 
pressure  on  our  space."  as  editors  say.  Mr.  Smee's 
gardener  kindly  sends  us  a  flower  of  Oncidium 
Jonesianum  in  which  there  is  a  like  union  of  two- 
flowers  ;  but  in  this  case  they  are  united,  not  side  to 
side,  but  diagonally,  back  to  back,  so  that  in  the  one 
flower  the  column  is  uppermost,  and  the  lip  beneath, 
while  in  the  other  flower  the  column  is  beneath,  and 
the  lip  uppermost. 

The  Royal    Belgian   Botanical   Society 

has  just  celebrated  tiie  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of 
its  foundation.  Last  ,Sunday  the  jiroceedings  were 
commenced  with  a  meeting  at  the  Herbarium  Hall 
in  the  Brussels  Botanical  Gardens.  After  the  con- 
gratulatory messages  of  foreign  associations  had 
been  read  by  M.  Crepin,  .Secretary  of  the  Society, 
the  gardens  and  conservatories  were  examined.  At 
the  afternoon  sitting  the  President,  Count  Ker- 
CHOVE,  related  the  history  of  the  Society,  and  in  the 
evening  a  reception  was  given  to  numerous  guests  in 
the  conservatories  and  gardens.  On  the  15th  Count 
Kerchove's  conservatories  at  Ghent  were  visited, 
together  with  the  principal  horticultural  establish- 
ments of  th.1t  city.  On  the  Kith  an  excursion  was 
made  to  the  Belgian  Carapine,  and  on  the  17th  the 
horticultural  and  botanical  collections  of  the  I^ni- 
versities  of  Liege  and  Louvain  were  inspected.  A 
final  meeting  was  held  at  the  Botanical  Gardens 
on  Thursday.  In  the  evening  the  proceedings  were 
brought  to  a  close  by  a  banquet,  at  which  M. 
BoJHiER  presided,  in  the  orangery  of  the  Botanical 
Gardens. 

Peter  Lawson  &  Co.  (Limited),  Edin- 
burgh.—The  third  annual  general  meeting  of  the 
shareholders  of  this  firm  of  seed  growers  and  mer- 
chants was  held  on  the  Rth  inst.,  in  the  registered 
office  of  the  company,  1.  George  IV.  Bridge,  at 
which  the  report  issued  to  the  shareholders  was 
untmimously  approved  ;  namely,  to  pay  a  dividend 
for  the  ]}ast  year  of  7-^  per  cent,  on  the  paid-u]c 
capital ;    to  place  the  sum  of  £25(50  to   a  reserve 


AcGcsT  27,  1SS7.] 


TEE     GAEDENEBS'     CHE  ON  I  CLE. 


253 


fund :  and  carry  forward  the  balance  of  £2602  10.^;.  ijd. 
tf>  next  year's  account.  The  retiring  directors,  Mr. 
^VFcCuLLOCH  and  Mr.  Taylor,  were  re-elected,  also 
the  auditors,  Messrs.  A.  &  A.  P.vterson,  C.A. 


Forestry. 


Carpeting  Large-grot-ving  Shrubs  and  Trees. — 
A  reader  of  the  Garde7i€'-s  Chmnide  has  applied  for 
particulars  regarding  the  "shrubs  of  low  growth 
suitable  for  planting  under  trees  and  shrubs."  Bare 
earth  has,  it  must  be  admitted,  a  very  objectionable 
Appearance  under  trees  and  shrubs,  and  when  there  are 
plenty  of  small  growing  evergreens,  such  as  the  Ivy, 
Periwinkles,  St.  Joiin's  Wort,  and  others,  that  are 
peculiarly  adapted  for  planting  in  such  places,  the 
■only  wonder  is  that  so  many  bare,  grassless  patches 
are  to  be  found  beneath  and  in  the  environs  of  our 
lawn  and  park  trees  and  shrubs.  The  Periwinkles, 
Vincas  major  and  minor,  have  few  equals  as  plants  of 
low  gi'owth  for  growing  beneatli  the  shade  and  drip 
of  our  forest  trees,  and  as  they  spread  about  and 
cover  vast  tracts  of  ground  in  an  almost  incredibly 
short  space  of  time,  flower  freely  even  in  the 
densest  shade  of  our  woodland  trees,  and  arc 
perfectly  hardy,  and,  careless  of  rough  treat- 
ment, they  may  well  occupy  a  high  place 
in  the  list  of  plants  under  consideration.  In 
planting  these  all  that  is  necessary  is  to  open  small 
pits  of  a  foot  in  deptli,  and  at  a  yard  apart,  and  into 
these  the  plants  may  be  inserted  at  any  time  during 
the  next  three  months.  Pegging  down  of  the  long 
running  shoots  is  to  be  recommended  at  the  time  of 
planting.  Treated  thus,  the  Periwinkles  will  soon 
form  dense  masses  of  procumbent  foliage,  and  flower 
freely  from  year  to  year.  The  St.  Johns  Wort 
(Hypericum  calycinum)  may  be  treated  in  an  almost 
similar  way,  but  in  this  case  the  individual  clumps 
should  not  be  placed  closer  than,  say,  2  feet ;  this, 
however,  depending  greatly  on  the  size  of  the  clumps 
or  plants  to  be  used.  A  pretty  combination  of  both 
foliage  and  flowers  is  produced  by  planting  the  St. 
John's  Wort  and  Periwinkle  together,  for  then  the 
•commingled  yellow  and  blue  flowers  are  strikingly 
beautiful,  and  never  fail  to  attract  attention. 

Fencing.  —  Fences  of  all  kinds,  as  well  as  gates 
.and  stiles  bounding  woodlands,  must  be  kept  in  a 
thoroughly  efficient  state,  so  as  to  prevent  the  in- 
roads of  farm  stock  generally.  Advantage  should  be 
taken  of  dry  weather  during  the  summer  months  to 
have  all  materials  for  the  erection  of  new  fences 
■carted  to  the  spot  where  they  are  to  be  used.  Where 
the  painting  of  fences,  hurdles  as  tree  guards,  gates, 
•stiles,  aud  wooden  erections,  has  not  yet  been  com- 
menced, no  time  should  be  lost  in  getting  such  in 
hand  before  the  usual  wet  and  changeable  weather 
■of  autumn  sets  in. 

Thick  V.  Thill  Forest  PlarJ in g. —'Not  a  few  British 
landowners  are  imdcr  the  impression  that  our  pre- 
sent system  of  planting,  say  at  3  or  4  feet  apart,  as 
usually  practised,  is  but  a  waste  of  capital,  and  that 
■quite  as  good  results  could  ultimately  be  produced  by 
planting  the  young  trees  at  such  distances  apart  as 
they  should  ultimately  stand  as  forest  specimens,  say 
at  18  feet  or  20  feet  apart.  To  those  persons  who 
have  any  practical  experience  of  forest  tree  culture, 
but  par.ticularly  at  upwards  of  700  feet  altitude,  the 
thin  system  of  planting  is,  for  various  well-founded 
reasons,  held  to  be  an  absurdity,  but  this,  unfor- 
tunately— at  least  from  actual  experiments  made  in 
this  country — cannot  be  proved  in  anything  like  a 
satisfactory  manner.  1  am  now  glad,  however — 
thanks  to  the  Germans — to  be  able  to  lav  before 
your  readers  the  following  results  of  an  experiment, 
instituted  twenty-five  years  ago,  as  to  the  advan- 
tages or  disadvantages  of  close  and  open  forest 
planting. 

About  50  acres  of  ground,  soil  and  exposure  being 
much  alike  all  over  the  area,  were  planted  in  10-acre 
portions,  at  distances  ranging  from  4  feet  by  4  feet 
to  12  feet  by  12  feet.  Careful  measurements  were 
recently  made  of  the  timber  in  each  of  the  five 
plots,  and  the  following  table  shows  the  results  in 
■each  case : — 

Average  Accretion  in 
the    Twenty-fifth    Year. 

181.4 

152..3 

137.3 

imA 

112.9 

Although  this  is  all  the  information  furnished  by 
a  friend,  yet  I  have  every  reason  to  believe  that 
the  general  management  of  each  tract  was  exactly 


)istance  of  Tlantins. 

4  feet  by    4  feet 

S    „    by    6    „ 

S    ..    liy   8    „ 

I"    „    by  10    „ 

IL'    „     by  12    „ 

similar  throughout  the  twenty  years  over  which  the 
experiment  extended,  and  if  so  the  results  arrived  at 
prove  pretty  conclusively  the  statements  of  various 
foresters  made  from  time  to  time  in  the  pages  of  the 
Gardeners'  Chronide.  A.  1).  Webster. 


PINES   AT    CHATSWORTH. 

The  photogra])h  of  the  Pine-stove  at  Chatsworth, 
from  which  our  illustration  (fig.  62)  is  a  reproduction, 
was  taken  about  the  middle  of  June  last,  the  house 
at  that  time  containing  nearly  a  hundred  plants, 
mostly  Queens,  in  various  stages  of  development 
from  flowering  to  ripeness.  Some  of  the  Queens 
since  cut  have  weighed  over  5  lb.  each,  and  few  under 
3.}  lb.,  while  many  of  the  Cayennes  and  Rothschilds 
weighed  between  7  lb.  and  8  lb. 

This  example  of  Pine  growing  is  not  given  as 
being  anything  unprecedented,  but  as  a  record  of 
fairly  successful  cultivation,  more  interesting  pro- 
bably to  your  younger  readers  who  have  not  the  same 
opportunity  of  excelling  in  this  branch  of  good 
gardening  as  their  seniors  had  twenty  or  thirty  years 
ago,  when  the  cultivation  of  this  fruit  was  con- 
sidered to  be  one  of  tlie  gardener's  most  important 
duties. 

About  twentj'  years  ago  the  importation  of 
colonial  Pines  into  this  country  commenced,  and 
has  since  increased  yearly,  so  that  English-grown 
Pines  are  much  less  numerous  than  formerly.  That 
fewer  should  be  grown  is  natural,  but  it  is  much  to 
be  regretted  that  the  growth  of  the  Pine  should  be 
so  entirely  discontinued  in  many  of  our  grand  old 
English  gardens  as  it  is. 

Under  the  old  system  of  growing  in  pits  heated 
by  fermenting  materials,  it  was  a  slow,  laborious  and 
expensive  practice  ;  but  now,  with  improvements  in 
the  construction  of  suitable  houses,  and  the  great 
perfection  reached  in  the  art  of  heating  by 
hot  water,  the  matter  is  made  infinitely  more  simple, 
expeditious,  and  economical ;  indeed,  I  shall  be 
safe  in  affirming  that  Pines  cause  far  less  labour  in 
growing  in  the  course  of  the  year,  in  proportion  to 
their  value  as  a  dessert  fruit,  than  any  other  exotic 
fruit  we  grow.  It  will  be  objected  that  their  growth 
requires  a  high  temperature,  necessitating  a  rather 
heavj'  consumption  of  fuel ;  but  it  must  be  'remem- 
bered that  in  a  good  gardener's  hands  this  high 
temperature  is  not  wasted  ;  it  is  used  not  onh'  for 
growing  Pines,  but  eveiy  available  corner  is  utilised 
all  through  the  year  for  growing  Melons  in  pots. 
Strawberries,  and  French  Beans  on  shelves.  Cucum- 
bers and  Tomatos  in  odd  corners,  pot-Vines,  &c., 
and  also  for  propagating  purposes ;  so  that  really 
it  is  possible  to  make  the  Pine-stove  one  of 
the  most  remunerative  houses  in  the  garden.  All 
the  succession-pits  are  more  or  less  useful  in  the 
same  way,  but  require  much  less  heat  than  the  fruit- 
ing-house. 

Pots  for  growing  Pines  must  be  scrupulously  clean, 
and  also  the  crocks  used  for  drainage.  Our  largest 
pots  are  12  inches  in  diameter  ;  these  are  used  for 
the  large  gi-owing  varieties,  such  as  Rothschilds  and 
Cayennes :  (.Queens  are  fruited  in  10-inch  pots. 

The  compost  1  find  to  suit  them  best  is  turfy  peat, 
cut  thin  from  off  the  gritstone  rock  on  the  moors 
here,  mixed  with  fibrous  loam,  with  all  the  small 
soil  sifted  out,  in  the  proportion  of  two  of  loam  to 
three  of  peat,  with  a  liberal  measure  of  charcoal 
and  quarter-incli  bones.  It  is  an  advantage  when 
this  compost  has  been  mixed  and  prepared  three 
weeks  or  a  month  before  it  is  wanted. 

In  the  spring,  when  suckers  commence  to  show,  it  is 
a  good  plan  to  decide  on  the  number  likely  to  be  re- 
quired for  the  ensuing  year's  stock,  for  it  is  folly  to 
grow  more  suckers  on  a  plant  than  are  likely  to  be 
required,  thereby  weakening  the  power  of  the  plant 
to  swell  and  mature  its  fruit,  and  lessening  the 
chances  of  growing  strong  suckers  for  stock.  If  the 
suckers  wliich  show  in  spring  are  reduced,  we  will 
say,  to  two  on  a  plant,  by  the  end  of  ,July  or  begin- 
ning of  August  they  will  be  fine  stuff,  which  will 
always  gladden  the  heart  of  a  grower  with  the  pros- 
pect of  satisfactory  returns.     In  expeditious  and  suc- 


cessful Pine  growing  there  are  no  greater  mistakes 
made  than  in  leaving  too  many  suckers  on  a  plant 
and  in  taking  them  off  too  soon.  They  grow  and 
strengthen  much  (aster  and  better  when  attached  to 
the  parent  |)lant  than  when  detached  too  early. 

Presuming  tliat  suckers  are  ready  for  potting  from 
the  end  of  July  to  the  end  of  August,  and  that  there 
is  either  a  frame  fixed  on  a  hotbed  with  a  bottom- 
heat  temperature  of  about  85°  to  90°,  or  the  sauu' 
bottom-heat  in  some  other  structure,  proceed  to  pot 
your  suckers,  placing  the  largest  in  7-inch  pots,  and 
the  smaller  ones  in  relatively  smaller  pots.  I  am 
an  advocate  for  taking  more  of  the  bottom  leaves 
off  the  suckers  than  many  practitioners  do,  aud  for 
cutting  off  more  of  the  hard  end  than  is  common, 
believing  that  this  practice  secures  a  quicker  and 
more  plentiful  formation  of  roots  than  the  opposite 
practice  of  cutting  little  or  nothing  of  the  stem  and 
leaving  too  many  of  the  small  scaly  leaves  ;  in  any 
casi,',  if  the  practice  I  prefer  has  no  other  advantage, 
it  has  this  in  its  favour — that  the  sucker  can  be  fixed 
in  the  pot  more  securely  in  this  way  than  in  the  other, 
which  in  a  rootless  plant  is  no  slight  advantage. 

It  is  almost  needless  to  say  that  the  suckers  must 
be  firmly  potted,  and  the  pots  filled  level  with  the 
rim  of  the  pots,  to  prevent  the  possibility  of  over- 
watering  until  the  ])ot  is  filled  with  roots. 

For  the  first  month  after  potting,  I  prefer  plunging 
the  plants  in  the  propagating-bed  quite  close  togethei-; 
evaporation  is  then  less,  and  I  have  an  impri!ssion 
that  roots  will  form  much  more  quickly  under  this 
condition  than  when  plunged  further  apart  when 
evaporation  is  more  rapid. 

In  a  month  or  five  weeks'  time  they  should  be 
overhauled,  when  it  will  be  found  tliat  most,  if  not 
all,  have  rooted  to  the  pot  side  ;  the  strongest  suckers 
will  probably  have  filled  their  pots  with  roots,  and 
should  receive  a  shift  into  their  fruiting  pots,  when 
the  cultivator  may  expect,  if  all  goes  on  well,  to  be 
rewarded  with  a  good,  rigid,  ripe  fruit  in  a  twelve- 
month from  date  of  potting  bis  sucker ;  but  this 
is  rather  the  exception  than  the  rule,  as  the  majority 
of  the  suckers  will  be  better  in  the  same  pot  until 
the  following  February. 

It  is  a  great  mistake  to  pot  Pines  late,  when  they 
have  no  chance  of  filling  their  pots  with  roots,  their 
condition  the  following  spring  is  always  unsatis- 
factory, and  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  when  this 
practice  is  carried  out,  the  added  soil  used  in  the 
late  shift  has  to  be  taken  off  the  ball,  which  is  so  much 
labour  lost,  and  in  addition  the  excess  of  moisture 
which  this  inert  soil  engenders  destroys  most  of  the 
roots  formed  in  the  sucker-pit,  so  that  it  is  a  loss 
all  round. 

When  the  rooted  suckns  come  to  be  replunged 
they  must  have  more  room  for  the  admission  of  more 
light  and  air,  with  the  object  of  securing  a  dwarf 
sturdy  growth — an  indispensable  foundation  for 
future  successful  results.  They  should  remain  in 
this  position  until  the  following  February,  and 
should  be  encouraged  to  grow  up  to  the  second  or 
third  week  in  October  by  a  rather  moist  and  warm 
temperature.  After  this  time  the  plants  must  be 
induced  to  rest  by  reducing  the  supply  of  moisture 
at  the  root  and  in  the  atmosphere  ;  and  in  the  depth 
of  winter — say,  from  the  middle  of  December  to  the 
middle  of  January— all  the  moisture  they  need  is  a. 
little  water  sprinkled  on  the  bed  among  the  plants 
out  of  a  rose-pot  two  or  three  times  a  week.  The 
temper.ature  of  the  pit  at  this  time  should  not 
exceed  60°  or  65°  at  night,  with  a  rise  of  a  few- 
degrees  in  the  daytime  with  sun-heat.  The  bottom- 
heat  should  range  from  70°  to  75°.  About  the 
middle  of  February  the  plants  should  be  in  gi-and 
order  for  shifting  into  their  fruiting  pots.  Have  the 
soil  and  pots  in  readiness  a  short  time  before  they 
are  wanted,  and  if  the  weather  is  very  cold,  as  it 
usually  is,  have  the  soil  previously  warmed  over  one 
of  the  boiler  fires. 

Before  turning  the  plant  out  of  its  pot  take  off  a 
few  of  its  bottom  leaves  to  allow  of  fresh  roots  being 
emitted  ;  pot  rather  deep,  and  as  firmly  as  if  you  were 
potting  a  Cape  Heath. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  the  compost  I  recom- 
mend is  light  and  spongy,  so  that  it  would  be  impos- 


254 


THE     GA  RDENER  S'     CHE  ONI  CLE, 


[August  27,  1887. 


«ible  to  pot  too  firmly.  Before  replunging  your  pliints 
see  that  your  plunging  material  is  in  trie  right 
■condition  ;  if  more  leaves  or  tan  be  required  now  is 
ithe  time  to  add  it.  After  replunging  the  newly 
potted  plants  the  bottom-heat  may  be  slightly  in- 
creased to  80°  or  S3°,  and  maintained  at  this  as 
nearly  as  possible  all  summer. 

The  absolute  necessity  of  giving  the  plants  plenty 
■of  room  while  making  their  growth  cannot  be  too 
•Strongly  enforced  on  cultivators.  It  is  false  economy 
to  stint  them  for  room  at  this  stage  while  the  frame 
of  the  plant  is  being  built  preparatory  to  produncing 
.a  fruit  worth  looking  at. 

Towards  the  end  of  August  or  beginning  of  Seji- 
tember,  tlie  fruiting  Pine-stove  will  be  pretty  well 
■cleared  of  summer  fruiters  and  will  be  ready  to  re- 
ceive the  plants  which  we  have  been  considering,  and 
■Avhich  are  intended  to  supply  ripe  fruit  from  early  in 
^lay  onwards  through  tlie  following  summer. 

The  plants  should  still  be  encouraged  to  grow  by 
moderate  waterings  and  moist  atmosphere  up  to 
about  the  middle  of  October,  when  water  at  the  root 
should  be  entirely  withheld  and  occasional  syringing 
of  the  surface  of  the  bed  made  to  sufiice.  Occasion- 
ally through  the  summer,  if  the  cultivator  is  satisfied 
that  the  pot  is  well  filled  with  roots,  the  plants  will 
lie  benefited  with  a  soaking  of  weak  manure-watt-r 
(cow  or  shepp  manure)  once  a  fortnight. 

Towards  the  end  of  November  the  plants  should 
be  looked  over  and  top-dressed,  at  the  same  time 
taking  care  to  securely  fasten  all  plants  that  may  bi' 
in  any  way  loose  at  the  collar,  by  ramming  with  the 
potting-stick. 

When  the  plants  are  re-plunged  they  may  now  be 
placed  much  thicker  together  (as  the  next  start  the 
plants  will  make  will  be  into  fruit),  making  room  for 
-a  few  others  from  the  succession-pit,  which  one  can 
always  pick  out  as  likely  to  show.  I  ought  to  say 
that  the  glass  and  the  house  ought  to  be  thoroughly 
■well  washed  and  cleaned,  as  at  this  time  of  the  year 
*very  ray  of  light  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  the 
well-being  of  the  plant. 

The  bottom -heat  may  now  be  increased  from  fi.'i^ 
to  90°,  the  effect  of  which  will  be,  that  many  of  the 
forwardest  plants  will  show  for  fruit,  and  with  ordi- 
nary treatment  and  the  maintenance  of  good  heat, 
these  will  come  in  early  in  May,  and  others  will 
follow  well  on  to  August  or  September,  succeeded 
through  the  autumn  and  winter  by  the  Kothschilds 
iind  Cayennes  from  the  same  batch  of  suckers,  the^t- 
taking  longer  time  to  mature  than  Queens.  At  t!ie 
■end  of  the  summer  there  will  generally  be  a  few 
■Queen  plants  which  have  not  shown  fruit.  It  is 
useless  to  keep  these  any  longer ;  if  they  show  after 
this  the  fruit  will  not  swell  to  any  size,  and  will  be  in- 
variably black  in  the  centre,  and  if  kept  over  to  thi^ 
following  spring,  the  fruit  they  show  then  is  small 
^nd  poor  compared  to  that  of  younger  plants,  so 
that  if  they  do  not  show  before  the  middle  of  August 
.the  plants  are  best  thrown  away  and  the  room  given 
to  better  ones. 

Potted  in  the  compost  which  I  recommend  they 
fill  the  pots  full  of  roots  in  a  short  time ;  water  passes 
through  it  easily,  therefore  they  can  be  liberally 
supplied  with  liquid  manure  while  swelling  their 
fruit,  and  there  is  no  fear  of  the  soil  becoming  sour 
through  frequent  syringing  in  hot  weather,  which 
is  very  beneficial  at  this  stage.  I  advocate  slight 
shade  for  succession  plants  in  all  stages,  but  not  for 
fruiters,  excepting  at  mid-day,  in  very  hot  weather. 
Fruit  ripening  should  have  a  sheet  of  tissue-paper 
thrown  over  it  in  very  bright  weather,  or  the  sun 
"will  sometimes  scorch  them  and  turn  them  black. 

Water  at  the  root  should  be  withheld  immediately 
iiny  sign  of  colouring  is  perceived.  Pines  may 
easily  be  kept  for  a  month  from  the  time  they  com- 
mence colouring,  by.  cither  cutting  them  off  thr 
plant  and  hanging  in  a  cool  dry  room,  or  by 
removing  the  plant  with  the  fruit  on  to  a  cool-house. 
The  varieties  we  grow  in  quantities  arc  the  broad- 
leaved  Queen,  Charlotte  Rothschild,  Black  Jamaica, 
and  Smooth  Cayenne.  The  following  we  also  grow 
hut  in  loss  numbers — they  will  never  supersede  the 
above  varieties: — Providence,  Black  Prince,  Prince 
Albert,  lieatrice  l.ambton,  and  Lord  Carrington. 


It  is  my  custom  to  plant  suckers  at  any  time  of 
the  year  if  a  strong  one  is  to  be  had ;  by  this  means 
an  odd  fruit  is  often  had  lipe  at  a  time  when  one 
would  otherwise  be  shoit.  The  crowns  of  the  winter 
fruiters  are  always  looked  after  and  potted,  but  the 
crowns  of  Queens  are  never  cared  for,  as  suckers  are 
plentiful  and  are  preferred.  Where  the  stock  of 
Cayennes  and  Kothschiids  is  low,  the  leaves  may  be 
cut  from  the  old  fruiters  and  the  stem  buried  in  saw- 
dust, about  half  an  inch  in  depth,  ia  a  bottom-heat  of 
'JO^,  when  several  young  plants  will  proceed  from 
each  stem. 

It  is  the  custom  with  some  to  tie  up  the  leaves 
of  Pines  while  working  among  them.  This  I  would 
never  allow.  It  is  a  barbarous  practice,  and  sliould 
be  eschewed  by  all  good  cultivators.  I  will  only  add 
one  more  item — it  is  this:  never  fail  to  have  a  brick 
or  slate  under  your  pots  when  plunging;  it  prevents 
the  ingress  of  worms,  and  maintains  the  soil  in  a 
sweet  and  healthy  condition,  by  affording  a  free 
passage  for  water  from  the  roots.  0.  Thomas,  Chats- 
worth. 


A    FRENCH    TOWN    GAEDEN. 

The  difference  observable  between  the  typical 
small  English  villa  gardens  snch  as  exist  by  the 
hundred  in  the  vicinity  of  our  great  towns,  and  those 
of  a  con-esponding  class  abroad  are  great  indeed. 
Generally  speaking  the  advantage  is  on  our  side,  the 
gardens  of  the  class  we  are  alluding  to  are  better  de- 
signed, better  planted,  and  better  maintained  than 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Channel.  One  difference  is 
the  more  remarkable  as  we  are  considered,  or  con- 
sider ourselves,  a  practical  people,  while  our 
neighbours  the  French  are  credited  with  better  taste 
and  a  keener  eye  for  beauty,  and  that  is  that  with  us 
the  kitchen-garden  is  kept  separate  from  the  flower- 
garden,  lawn,  and  shrubberies.  In  gardens  of  the 
size  we  allude  to  the  kitchen-garden  is  indeed  often 
dispensed  with  altogether.  Tastes  differ,  but  if  we 
were  advising  a  suburban  amateur  who  can  only  de- 
vote a  short  time  to  his  garden  and  who  was  within 
eusv  reach  of  a  greengi'ocer,  we  should  counsel  him  to 
avoid  the  costly  disappointmentsof  a  kitchen-garden. 
Of  course  if  he  can  afford  the  luxury  of  a  permanent 
gardener,  and  does  not  object  to  the  cost  of  produc- 
tion, he  may  disdain  what  the  greengrocer  offei-s  him ; 
and  truth  to  say  it  is  very  often  of  indifferent  quality 
and  of  high  price. 

Our  French  neighbours,  more  thrifty  than  we, 
seem  generally  to  look  on  a  garden  as  afford- 
ing a  supply  of  something  to  eat,  and  do  not 
trouble  themselves  much  with  decorative  gardens 
and  the  culture  of  flowers.  Hut  occasionally  in  the 
class  we  allude  to  the  proprietor  has  a  soul  above 
Onions,  and  then  the  disposition  of  his  flower-beds  is 
as  elegant  and  pleasing  as  with  us.  Sometimes,  too, 
an  attempt  is  made  to  combine  the  utile  didci,  and 
notwithout  success,  as  the  accompanying  plan  (fig.  63) 
will  show.  This  plan  is  imjjroved  from  a  pocket-book 
sketch  taken  from  the  ramparts  at  Boulogne,  and 
shows  the  manner  in  which  the  proprietor  utilised  a 
small  plot  of  ground  which  once  formed  part  of  the 
moat  surrounding  the  old  town,  a  shows  the  entrance 
fi'om  the  high  road  ;  n  d,  indicate  various  plantations 
of  pyramidal  Pears  with  dwarf  Apples  in  front ;  c  c, 
show  groups  of  ornamental  shrubs ;  o,  were  Koses  ;  e, 
dwarf  fruit  trees ;  i-.  turf  beds  and  verges  ;  o,  was  a 
.summer-house  ;  h,  j,  frames.  &c.  So  that  in  this 
small  si)ace  there  were  central  beds  on  turf,  marginal 
shrubberies,  isolated  specimen  trees,  Koses  and  other 
(lowers  intermingled  with  well-trained  dwarf  fruit 
trees.  The  general  effect  was  not  only  pleasing  to 
the  eye,  but  satisfactory  so  far  as  more  material 
affairs  were  concerned. 


The  Flora  of  the  Pacific  Islands.— The 

third  part  of  M.  Dk.ike  oei.  C.iSJ'iLr.o's  I/liislmlions 
Florre  Inmlarium  Maris  Farijid  has  been  published 
(XUsson).  It  consists  of  lithographed  illustrations 
and  of  technical  descriptions  of  various  species  of 
Sphenogyne  and  other  Labiates  not  at  preseAt  of 
liortieultural  interest. 


Home  Correspondence. 


THE  DOUBLE  POMEGRANATE.— Tliis  season  the 
Pomegranate,  with  many  other  kinds  of  rare  shrubs, 
are  flowering  more  profusely  than  for  very  many 
years  past.  The  hot  weather  evidently,  has  conduced 
to  that  effect.  In  the  gardens  of  Southtown,  Kenton, 
Exeter,  the  residence  of  Major  Courtenay,  a  plant,  on 
a  south  wall  covering  a  space  11  by  13  feet  has  been 
flowering  most  profusely  for  some  time  past ;  now  it 
has  over  250  brilliant  scarlet  flowers  expanded,  which 
last  a  long  time  when  cut  and  placed  in  water,  and 
they  are  also  useful  for  ladies'  or  gentlemen's  bou- 
quets. J).  C.  Fotvcll. 

FROST  ON  AUGUST  15.— Will  it  be  believed 
that  tliere  were  4°  to  G°  of  frost  on  the  morning  of 
Monday.  August  15?  At  Salisbury  it  was  keenly 
felt,  and  it  struck  the  Dahlia  plantations  of  Messrs. 
Keynes,  "Williams  &  Co.,  burning  up  the  leaves  of 
many  of  the  plants,  and  disfiguring  not  a  few  of  the 
flowers  in  a  remarkable  degree.  The  plantations  of 
Dahlias  are  on  a  gentle  slope,  with  the  river  Avon 
close  by  in  the  valley  ;  the  plants  had  been  copiously 
watered  on  Monday,  and  that,  no  doubt,  aggravated 
the  frosty  effect.  It  was  curious  to  notice  that  a  cold 
blast  had  rushed  across  the  plants  here  and  there, 
striking  several  in  a  line,  but  leaving  others  close  by 
untouched.  B.  D. 

THE  LATE  THUNDERSTORM.— I  send  you  a  few 
notes  of  a  most  disastrous  hailstorm,  accompanied  by 
thunder  and  lii^htning,  which  swept  over  this  district 
on  the  17th  [inst.,  doing  a  great  deal  of  damage  to 
vegetation.  We  had  forty  large  squares  of  glass 
broken  in  the  conservatory  alone,  aui  a  quantity  in 
the  other  houses,  pits,  and  frames,  &c.  The  flower 
garden  it  has  laid  waste,  stripping  leaves  and  flowers 
alike  from  the  plants.  Eruit  trees  have  suffered 
severely,  being  almost  denuded  of  their  leaves,  while 
Apples  that  remain  upon  the  trees  present  the 
appearance  of  having  been  shot.  As  for  vegetables, 
those  wliich  the  dry  summer  has  left  have  been 
spoiled.  Celery  trenches  were  fllled  with  hailstones 
as  large  as  marbles,  presenting  a  spectacle  easier 
imagined  than  described.  Broccoli  and  other  winter 
greens  have  most  of  them  their  heads  cut  out.  and  so 
rendered  useless.  French  Beans,  Beet,  and  Marrows 
are  torn  about,  even  Onions  have  large  holes  cut  in 
them.  Chrysanthemums,  of  which  we  have  160 
varieties,  are  stripped  of  their  foliage,  and  a  great 
many  with  their  points  gone;  in  fact,  we  have  not 
fifty  plants  left  of  any  use.  I  would  like  to  hear, 
through  your  valuable  columns,  if  any  of  your  many 
correspondents  have  had  any  experience  of  the  above 
storm,  the  like  of  which  "  the  oldest  inhabitant " 
tells  me  he  does  not  remember  about  this  district. 
Charles  Lee,  The  Gardens,  Sion  Hili,  Kidderminster. 

POTATOS. — I  am  greatly  interested  to  learn  on 
the  authority  of  Mr.  J.  J.  Willis,  that  scab  on 
Potato  is  due  to  excess  of  moisture.  Oddly  enough, 
my  own  experience,  and  I  am  sure  that  of  many 
other  growers,  has  been  that  scab  is  invariably  the 
worst  in  dry  seasons,  and  generally  is  very  prevalent 
this  year.  Indeed  in  years  past  we  have  often 
ascribed  the  abrasions  on  the  skin — for  scab  is,  like 
beauty,  but  skin  deep — to  earth-worms  searching  for 
moisture  when  the  soil  was  dry :  a  theory  which 
might  be  wide  of  tlie  mark,  but  at  least  was  suggested 
by  the  dryness  of  the  soil.  Scab  has  been  often 
ascribed  to  the  presence  of  lime  or  some  other  con- 
stituent in  the  soil,  but  then  it  will  display  itself  in  all 
kinds  of  soils  in  some  seasons.  Then  it  is  according 
to  Mr.  Willis  aided  by  stable  manure,  which  promotes 
the  existence  of  spores  of  mould  fungi,  which  in  his 
opinion,  help  to  increase  the  scab.  Now  it  is  a 
curious  circumstance  that  this  evening,  August  20. 
a  market  gardener  from  Twickenham  brought  me  a 
capital  sample  of  Vicar  of  Laleham  Potato,  the  best 
I  have  seen  this  season,  but  still  very  much  scabbed. 
On  enquiry  ns  to  the  cause  of  this  feature,  he  stated 
that  the  very  same  Potato  in  soil  adjoining,  well 
manured  in  the  spring,  was  quite  free  from  scab, thus 
contradicting  at  once  Mr.  Willis'  t'leory.  My  own 
experience  does  not  at  all  favour  the  assumption  that 
manure  has  any  thing  to  do  with  scab,  and  all 
experience  so  far  has  shown  that  scab  is  more  due  to 
dryness  of  the  soil  than  to  any  other  cause.  That 
Potatos  whilst  in  process  of  growth  do  develope 
little  warts  or  excrescences  on  the  surface  of  the  skin 
is  well  known  to  all  growers,  and  these  may  finally 
extend  into  scab  or  rot.    To  ordinaiy  observei's  these 


1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


■warts  look  as  if  they  were  the  outlets  for  some 
matter  forming  in  the  tuber  which  Xature  took 
this  means  of  ejecting— matter  ivliich,  having  dis- 
charged its  functions  in  the  tuber,  was  being  thrown 
ofi".  That  again  may  be  a  very  unscientific  opinion 
and  altogether  inexact.  [We  ii'ar  so.  Ed.]  In  any 
case  it  is  worthy  of  note  that  scab  is  never  held  to 
be  indicative  of  absence  of  quality  in  Potatos,  indeed, 
it  is  usually  held  to  indicate  good  starchy  quality  in 
the  tubers.  It  seems  to  be  lield,  I  observe,  in  other 
remarks  respecting  the  formation  of  starch  in  Potatos, 
that  blooming  is  exhaustive  of  starch.  But  if  it  is  thus 
assumed  that  the  formation  of  seed  berries  exhausts 
matter  which  would  otherwise  be  employed  in  tuber 
formation  then  I  think  there  is  no  room  for  question. 
Still  it  must  be  understood  that  not  one  variety  of 
the  Potato  in  twenty  which  blooms  even  profusely 
sets  blooms  fnatnrally,  and  thus  produces  seed-balls. 
Very  few  kinds  indeed  naturally  produce  seed,  and 


But  I  do  thin);  that  ]trevention  is  better  than  cure, 
and  it  is  a  much  wiser  ]ilan  to  try  and  keep  our 
plants  healthy  than  to  run  tlie  risk  of  restoring  them 
to  health  and  vigour  after  thev  have  once  become 
diseased.  Since  this  controversy  began  I  have  had 
numerous  letters,  both  from  amateur  and  professional 
gardeners,  testifying  to  tlie  excellent  results  obtained 
by  a  judicious  application  of  cold  water.  I  recom- 
mend your  readers  to  try  the  experiment  and  report 
their  results,  which  I  have  no  doubt  will  be  looked 
forward  to  with  great  interest.  S.  Hcalov,  Dilworth 
House,  LangrhJr/r,  Prrstntt. 

THE     BULB    MITE  :      ITS    CAUSE    AND    CURE.— 

One  of  your  correspondents  at  p.  oOl,  placed  on 
record  anotlier  similar  cure  of  the  mite  disease,  so 
far  as  it  affects  the  Eucharis,  and  now,  by  the  state- 
ment of  two  witnesses,  it  has  been  proved  tliat  tlie 
mite   can    be   checked,    if    not   permanently   cured. 


;C«      "?■     ':>^^r    h'^    %.; 

€*  B  ^       4      €i' 


V  e4    t- 


ft'-      /F 


Fig.      03. — A   FRENCH   TOWN   GARDEN.     (SEE   TEXT.) 


these  are  of  no  gi*eat  merit,  so  that  any  such  feature 
if  really  thus  objectionable,  may  be  avoided  by 
not  planting  the  kind.  With  practically  nine- 
teen-twentieths  of  our  best  kinds  seedless  there  is 
little  reason  for  taking  any  special  precautions 
against  seedinj?.  A.  1), 

WATERING  OF  PLANTS.  —  It  gives  me  great 
pleasure  to  comply  with  the  request  of  "J.  J.  W.," 
as  regards  the  temperature  of  the  water  I  use  for 
syringing  and  watering,  though,  at  the  same  time,  I 
do  not  see  how  these  temperatures  will  benefit  any 
one  very  much,  as  the  temperature  of  the  water  will 
fall  and  rise  according  to  the  state  of  the  weather 
and  the  season  of  the  year.  IJut  as  far  as  I  can 
judge  it  will  range  from  40°  to  G0°  F.  On  August 
22,  at  8  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  thermometer 
stood  at  T)2°  F..  at  noon  and  at  4  o'clock  in  thi^ 
afternoon  at  54°  F.  It  is  universally  admitted  that 
too  much  of  a  good  thing  is  injurious,  quite  as  much 
as  too  much  of  a  bad  thing,  and  1  do  not  on  anv 
account  advocate  any  extreme  and  injurious  practice. 


This,  at  least,  must  be  glad  tidings  to  many  who, 
like  ourselves,  could  neither  get  foliage  nor  flowers 
but  now  they  come  to  enrich  and  gladden.  Surelv 
this  is  a  step  in  advance.  We  now  come  a  little 
further,  and  find  that  in  some  cases  such  as  your 
correspondent  describes  the  mites  are,  to  use  a  short 
description,  "in  possession,"  but  if  your  corre- 
spondent Iiad  shut  the  door,  or.  in  other  words,  tried 
prevention  or  renovation,  would  his  case  hiive  been 
such  a  hopeless  one  ?  We  lately  inspected  a  large 
house  full  of  Eucharis  grown  expressly  for  cut 
flowers,  and  the  disease  having  been  in  j)ossession 
unknown  to  the  OT\iier.  ho  is  now  prepared  to  make 
a  radical  attempt  on  the  same  plan  as  we  described. 
When  examined  many  of  tliose  bulbs  were  just  as 
your  correspondent  desi-ribcs,  and  when'  tliis  is  the 
case,  acting  on  a  hint  di  ri 
bulb  growers,  he  intends  i'> 
the  bulb,  believing  that,  Ml 
heal  up  again.  Time  will  show  whether  this  will 
he  successful  or  not,  but  it  is  cheering  to  know  that 
all  are  not  so  badly  infested,  hence  we  can  write  up 


allup 


thp  Hyacinth 

lit  Ihn   base  of 

nth.  it  will 


"There  is  still  hope  for  you."  Keferring  to  the 
cause  of  the  mite  we  stated  our  opinion  briefly,  and 
as  we  writi'  to  give  and  receive  information  it  would 
have  been  much  better  had  your  correspondent 
cnlightt.'ned  your  r^adurs  by  giving  Iiis  own  opinion 
on  tile  subject,  and  his  reasons  for  disbelief  in  ours. 
Irrespective  of  this  bulb  mite  question,  it  would  be 
very  interesting  to  have  some  information  from  any 
one  wiser  than  Topsy  on  the  following  problem — 
"The  origin  of  vegetable  decay,  and  how  this  is 
consumed  or  destroyed  in  the  economy  of  Nature" 
In  offering  an  opinion  on  theLilium  auratum  question 
it  appears  to  us  that  the  cause  and  the  cure  may  be 
something  very  similar.  The  bulbs  growing  in  their 
native  habitat  are  raised  both  in  a  ripe  and  unripe 
stage,  i)acked  in  wood  cases  among  clay,  forwarded  by 
steamer  tlirough  a  tropical  zone,  and  in  many  cases 
are  unpacked  and  exposed  to  the  air  long  before  they 
are  jiotted  u]i  again.  Query:  Are  the  mites  not 
brought  into  existence  and  encouraged  in  life  at  this 
particular  stage  ?  Very  fortunately  we  have  no 
cause  to  complain,  as  we  have  long  ago  discovered  a 
plan  which  ensures  ])crfect  success  with  any  bulbs  of 
Lilium  auratum,  and  the  whole  secret  is,  non-expo- 
sure to  air.  Without  a  mite  to  annoy  or  destroy  we 
naturally  expect  deterioration;  but  if  the  mite  is 
such  a  deadly  matter,  and  reigns  supreme  in  Japan, 
how  are  magnificent  large  bulbs  and  thousands  of 
cases  still  to  be  bad.  and  not  a  whisper  of  their 
"  happy  despatch "  from  that  interesting  country 
wher«  they  live  and  grow  ?  Clark  Bros.,  Carlisle. 
[We  have  lately  seen  bulbs  of  lloman  Hyacinths 
swarming  with  mites.  Ed.] 

HARDINESS  OF  WHITE  ELEPHANT  AND 
BEAUTY  OF  HEBRON  POTATOS.— The  cold  spring 
proved  beyond  a  doubt  the  comparative  hardi- 
ness of  the  two  varieties  of  Potatos  known  as 
White  Elephant  and  Beauty  of  Hebron.  I  had  a 
rood  or  two  of  ground  set  apart  for  vegetables  in  an 
open  situation,  fully  exposed  to  the  winds,  which 
traverse  big  fields,  unchecked  by  trees  or  high  hedges. 
Here  I  had  planted  several  varieties  of  the  Potato, 
and  amongst  them  five  or  six  rows,  of  about  50  feet 
long,  of  each  of  the  above  kinds.  Whilst  all  the 
other  varieties  came  up  irregularly  and  slowly,  these 
trees  presented  unbroken  rows  of  fine  haulm.  This 
averaged  18  inches  in  height,  and  rather  more  in 
width,  and  is  now  in  luxuriant  healtli.  The  White 
Elephants,  which  showed  bloom  first,  were  the 
stronger  of  the  two,  though  Beauty  of  Hebron  is 
equal  to  it  in  the  matter  of  sturdy  growth.  Taking 
into  considerattion  that  these  crops  (albeit  they  look 
tender)  were  unharmed  by  3°  of  frost  on  one  or 
more  occasions,  are  excellent  cro])pers,  and  of  fair 
average  quality,  1  do  not  err  greatly  in  recommeuding 
them  for  more  general  cultivation.   William,  Earlcy. 

WASPS. — Whatever  may  be  the  general  experi- 
ence in  regard  to  the  numbers  of  wasps  prevalent 
this  season,  certainly  they  are  abundant  enough  in 
some  places.  At  Maiden  Erleigh,  and  close  to  the 
kitchen  garden,  a  nest  was  found  to  have  been  made 
in  a  stack  of  turf  soil.  This  was  smoked  with  sul- 
phur, then  carefully  dug  out,  and  was  found  to  be 
the  largest  ever  seen  there,  for  it  was  about  30  inches 
in  circumference,  and  contained  literally  thousands 
of  wasps  of  great  size.  Oddly  enough,  at  the 
Erleigh  Cottage  Garden  Exhibition  prizes  are 
otFered  for  the  finest  wasps'  nests,  these  being,  of 
course,  shown  in  close  cases  or  glasses.  The  one 
from  the  turf  bed  was  put  on  to  a  board,  and  under 
a  close-fitting  hand-light,  which  was  secured  to 
the  board,  and  so  exhibited,  easily  taking  the  1st 
prize.  On  one  side  a  portion  of  the  outer  case  of  the 
nest,  which  is  in  all  cases  round,  had  been  acci- 
dentally broken  away,  and  thus  spectators  were 
enabled  to  inspect  the  internal  structure  of  this 
curious  dwelling.  The  tiers  of  comb  ran  across  the 
nest  horizontally,  but  somewhat  hollowed,  and 
not  more  than  three-quarters  of  an  inch  apart ; 
indeed,  thickness  of  comb  and  intervals  seemed  to 
correspond  with  exceeding  accuracy.  The  wasps 
wei-e  far  larger  than  were  those  found  with  better 
and  much  smaller  nests.  The  labour  of  making  this 
nest  must  have  been  great,  and  it  would  be  interest- 
ing to  know  out  of  what  materials  it  is  constructed. 
The  hollowing  out  of  so  great  a  space  in  the  soil 
must  also  have  been  great,  and  it  seems  evident  that 
every  grain  of  the  soil  must  have  been  carried  out 
and  dropped  away,  as  no  evidence  of  such  an  exca- 
vation was  externally  visible.  A.  D. 

Your  correspondent.  j\Ir.   Chitty,  writes  on 

July  14: — "  On  all  hands  we  ai-e  hearing,  '  Where  are 
the  wasps?' and  we  cannot  get  an  answer."*  I  am 
sorry  to  he  able  to  answer  the  question,  for  we  have 


256 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[AuoDST  27,  1887. 


An  abundance  of  tliera,  destroying  Grapes,  Plums, 
■&w\  Goosebei-ries ;  they  also  attacked  a  hive  of  bees, 
And  have,  I  regret  to  say,  come  oiJ'  victorious.  AVe 
have  bottles  in  all  directions  with  the  usual  sour  drinks 
in  them,  but  that  is  not  very  eft'ectual.  At  present 
we  have  only  destroyed  one  nest ;  we  burn  tliem  out 
with  paraffin.  Being  a  very  weedy  district  they  get 
into  hollow  trees  ;  in  these  places  our  mode  of  pro- 
cedure is  neither  ap|)licable  nor  desii-able.  Can  any 
of  your  numerous  correspondents  oblige  me  with  the 
■information  how  we  can  best  destroy  them  in  such 
cases  ?  llkkard  Weller,  The   Ganhns,  Gkmtal  Custle. 

THE  QUALITY  OF  EARLY  POTATOS  THIS  YEAR.— 
■Seeing  ilr.  JIuriiliy's  note  on  this  subject  in  your 
issue  of  the  Gth  inst.,  it  struck  me  that  although  we 
are  not  "  a  hundred  miles  "  apart  it  might  interest 
vou  to  know  how  our  Potatos  turn  out.  We  commenced 
Myatt's  Ashleaf  on  June  1.5  ;  they  were  very  good  in 
all  points.  Early  Keds  were  a  good  size,  but  useless 
when  cooked,  turning  out  like  soap.  White  Ele- 
phant from  home-saved  seed  turned  out  similar  to 
■the  last,  while  those  from  seed  procured  from  the 
■chalk  hills  ot  Sussex  were  splendid,  being  of  a  good 
■usable  size,  boiling  quite  dry  and  of  a  good  flavour. 
'Tliis  fact,  I  think,  speaks  volumes  in  favour  of  fre- 
■  quently  changing  seed,  jirovided  the  soils  are  always 
■of  a  different  nature.  Dalmahoys  were  next  tried, 
iDUt  thev  -ivere  only  modei-ate.  Thus  far  I  have  found 
no  variety  so  good  as  Wicklow  Banger,  it  being  in 
■every  way  excellent,  and  has  the  merit  of  remaining 
so  until  March.  I  do  not  know  its  origin,  but  I  mean 
to  make  it  my  sheet-anchor  after  the  Ashleafs — in 
the  future.  We  have  not  yet  tried  the  Village  Black- 
smith, Climax,  and  Schoolmaster,  but  shall  in  the 
course  of  a  few  days  ;  we  expect  great  things  from  the 
first-named  variety.  Our  soil  is  a  sandy  loam  resting 
on  a  subsoil  consisting  whollv  of  huge  sandstones. 
Bichard  HWkr,  T/ir  (iartleiis,  Gkiwtal  Castk,  Miime. 
.Co.  Lii/U'ric/:. 


Societies. 

KOYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

August  2.3. — The  greater  part  of  the  space  in  the 
conserviitory  on  Tuesdiiy  last  was  occupied  by  the 
exhibits  forming  the  Xationiil  Co-operative  Society's 
show,  to  which  reference  is  made  in  another  column 
(p.  250)  ;  here  we  only  de.al  with  those  subjects  sub- 
mitted to  the  Fruit  and  Floral  Committees.  The 
chief  items  of  attraction  were  the  fine  collections  of 
Gladioli  from  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son,  and  of  Liliums 
from  Jlr.  W.  Gordon,  among  flowers,  &c. ;  while  in 
the  fruit  section  the  collection  of  fruit  trees  in  pots 
/rom  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons  called  for  attention. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present;  G.  F.  Wilson.  Esq.,  F.K.S.,  in  the  chair  ; 
and  Messrs.  E.  Hill,  J.  (J'Brien,  H.  M.  Pollett,  H. 
Ballantyne,  J.  Uominv,  C.  Noble,  G.  Paul,  G.  Duf- 
field,  W.  H.  Lowe,  I.Walker,  J.  Fr.aser,  W.  Wilk.s, 
J.  Douglas.  A.  F.  Lendy,  T.  Baines.  W.  Holmes,  S. 
Hibberd,  H.  Turner,  and  Dr.  M.  T.  blasters,  F.E.S. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  contributed  speci- 
mens of  ornamental  foliaged  Plums,  viz.,  Prunus 
Pissardi,  the  deep  purple-leaved  form,  illustr.ated  by 
us  March  26,  1887  (p.  41G),  to  show  how  well 
it  kept ;  and  P.  domestica  variegata,  a  prettily  varie- 
gated form,  which  would  be  useful  in  shrubberies. 

Messrs.  F.  W.  and  H.  Stansfield,  Sale,  near  Man- 
chester, sent  several  varieties  of  British  Ferns,  all 
very  pretty  and  distinct,  Scolopendrium  vulgare  var. 
crispato-fi'mbriata  especially  so.  It  is  well  described 
by  its  name,  and  has  fronds  10  inches  long,  by  -l — 5 
inches  wide.  Two  forms  of  Blechnum  spicaut  var. 
])luraosa,  andAspleniummarinum  var.  plumosa,  both 
with  finely-cut  fronds,  were  also  good. 

From  Messrs.  Vilmorin  &  Co.,  Paris,  there  came 
an  Aster  (boutpiet)  named  Pyramidal  Rose,  with 
medium  size  flowers,  freely  produced,  bright  rose- 
pink  in  colour — a  pretty  decorative  sort  (strain 
commended).  Gesnera  longiflora  was  shown  as  a 
neglected  plant  by  Mr.  U.  Dean,  Ranelagh  Road. 
Ealing,  W.,  and  certainly  it  is  pretty  enough  to  find 
favour,  but  perhaps  it  has  the  fault  of  being  too  old. 

Thi!  exhibit  of  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons, 
Chelsea,  was  very  varied,  and  of  great  interest ;  it 
included  specimens  of  Nephrolepis  rul'escens  var. 
tripinnsitifida  (illustrated  by  us  April  9. 1.S87,  pp.  477, 
481)  ;  Keneciomacr.antha,  from  China,  a  strong-grow- 
ingplant.attaining.'J— 4feet,andbearingbrightyellow 
flowers  with  long  narrow  rays ;  Asplenium  scandens, 
41   native   of  Sumatra.      This  Fern   has  a  slender 


creeping  rootstock,  thinly  covered  with  brownish 
scales,  and  producing  oblong  fronds  about  four  times 
divided;  the  pinnte  are  wedge-shaped,  and  the  ulti- 
mate segments  linear-oblong,  dark  green  in  colour. 

Phrynium  variegatum  and  Oplismenus  albidus, 
both  desirable  plants,  were  shown.  The  latter  is 
almost  pure  white,  the  green  present  being  pale 
emerald ;  and  hybrid  Rhododendrons  were  well  re- 
presented— Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  bright  crimson- 
scarlet,  and  Nemesis,  orange-yellow  with  a  suspicion 
of  brownish-red,  are  exceedingly  pretty. 

Orchids  were  not  numerous,  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq., 
Studley  House,  Shepherd's  Bush,  W.  (gr.  Mr. 
Cowley),  showed  Miltonia  Moreliana,  Oncidium 
triquetrum,  Aeroi)era  I.,oddesi,  a  remarkable-looking 
plant ;  CypripediumAinsworthi,A(;ridesRegnieri,  the 
brownish  spur  of  which  contrasts  well  with  the  rosv 
sepals  and  petals  ;  and  Disa  cornuta,  a  remarkable 
species,  certainly  not  pretty.  Mr.  G.  W.  Cummins 
also  showed  this  Disa,  having  very  good  plants  of  it. 
From  MM.  Linden,  Administrateurs  de  I'Horticul- 
ture  Interniitionale,  Brussels,  came  Cypiipedium 
prrestans,  a  new  plant,  described  by  Professor  Reich- 
enbach  in  this  number,  p.  24.3.  The  dorsal  sepal  is 
vellowish-green  with  purplish-brown  stripes,  lip  yel- 
lowish-green or  pale  olive,  long  narrow  twisted  petals 
of  pur|)lish  hue,  and  a  very  prominent  column. 
Tuberous  Begonias  were  represented  by  cut  blooms 
of  single  and  .louble  flowers,  from  Mr.  R.  Owen.  Byron 
Hill,  Maidenhead  :  we  have  seen  larger  blooms,  but 
the  colours  were  as  good  as  any  we  have  seen,  the 
petals  and  sepals  were  of  good  substance  too.  The 
Liliums  of  Mr.  W.  Gordon,  Twickenham,  which  re- 
ceived a  Silver  Banksian  Medal,  were  particularly 
attractive,  over  fifty  plauts  being  staged,  mostly 
varieties  of  L.  auratum :  they  evidenced  care  in  the 
cultivation. 

Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co.  showed  a  variety  of  L. 
auratum,  named  Wittei,  white,  with  very  prominent 
yellow  nerves,  presenting  a  peculiar  appearance, 
which  might  find  fiivour  with  some. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Uale  Farm  Nurseries,  Totten- 
ham— whose  zealous  support  of  these  shows  can- 
not be  too  much  commended — contributed  a  mis- 
cellaneous collection  of  hardy  flowers,  (jladioli 
being  the  chief;  others  were  (Saillardias,  Liliums, 
and  Iceland  Poppies.  Among  the  Gaillardias  — 
one'  with  bright]  yellow  rays  with  red  bases — Ad- 
miration, particularly  drew  our  attention.  We 
nmst  also  mention  Milla  biflora,  which,  with  its  white 
star-like  flowers,  is  very  pretty.  (Silver  Banksian 
Medal.)  Mr.  Ware  also  showed  pompon,  single,  and 
Cactus  Dahlias  in  quantity— Huntsman,  a  bright 
scarlet  single,  and  Miss  Gordon,  equally  divided  into 
yellow  and  deep  crimson,  the  latter  on  the  margin  of 
"the  flower  (also  single),  were  two  gems  :  others  were 
also  very  bright. 

A  very  fine  lot  of  double  Dahlias  came  from  Messrs. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent — very  large,  even 
flowers,  finely  finished — George  Eawlings,  Henry 
Turner,  Clara,  Constancy,  Flag  of  Truce,  Muriel, 
and  John  Standish  were  the  best  bloooms.  (Silver 
Banksian  Medal.) 

Some  choice  plants  were  sent  from  the  Royal 
Gardens,  Kew,  and  were  as  follows : — Erythrina  caffra 
var.  Humei,  flowers  brilliant  scarlet,  and  very  pretty  ; 
Pentstemon  cordifolius,  reddish  flowers ;  Mucuna 
imbricata,  a  very  grotesque  and  remarkable  plant, 
with  a  raceme  of  black-purple  flowers,  which  are  well 
shown  oflf  by  the  light  green  leaves ;  Stcnoglottis 
fimbriata,  Cosmos  bipinnatus,  lake  flowers  ;  Testu- 
dinaria  elephantipes,  Kniphofia  pallidiflora,  a  small 
plant  with  a  few  white  flowers,  of  no  great  value  for 
gardeners ;  also  Origanum  hybridum,  with  purplish- 
green  bracts.  Besides  there  was  a  fasciated  flower 
of  Jasminum  sambac  var.  Maid  of  Orleans,  with  a 
head  of  flowers  like  a  ball. 

Messrs.  W.  Kelway  &  Son,  Langport.  showed  a 
very  large  lot  of  spikes  of  Gladioli,  equalling  the  dis- 
play made  at  the  last  show.  We  are  unable  to  make 
a  selection,  and  enumerate  only  those  which  received 
certificates  ;  they  were  : — J.  Downing,  blush,  crimson 
flakes  at  the  miirgin  ;  Halle,  crimson-scarlet ;  Mary 
Anderson,  mauve,  with  white  throat;  Mrs,  Edgar 
Wild,  crimson,  streaked  white,  fading  to  white  in  the 
throat ;  Bon.avia,  red-lilac,  faintly  streaked  white. 
All  tile  spikes  shown  were  magnificent  specimens 
of  the  Gladiolus — large  fiowers  and  several  on  the 
spike.     (Silver-gilt  Banksian  Medal.) 

Dr.  blasters  showed,  from  Mr.  Acton's  garden, 
Rathdrum,  specimens  of  three  species  of  Athrotaxis, 
for  which  a  vote  of  thanks  was  awarded. 
First-class  Certificates  were  awarded  as  follows  ;— 
Gaillardia  Admiration,  from  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware. 
Dahlia  (single)  Miss  Gordon,  from  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware. 
Cypripedium  pricstans,  from  MM.  Linden. 


Scolopendrium  vulgare  var.  crispato  fimbriata,  from 
Messrs.  F.  W.  &  H.  Stansfield. 

(iladiolus  Bonavia,  from  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son. 

Gladiolus  Mrs  Edgar  Wild,  from  Messrs.  Kelway  & 
Son. 

Gladiolus   Mary  Anderson,  from  Jlessrs.   Kehvav 
&  Son. 

Gladiolus  Halle,  from  Messrs.  Kelway  &  Son. 

Gladiolus,   John  Downing,  from  Messrs.  Kehvav 
&  Son. 

Asplenium  scandens,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons. 
Botanical  Certificate. 

Disa  cornuta,  from  Jlr.  J.  W.  Cummins. 
Commended. 

Aster    (bouquet)    Pyramidal    Rose,  strain    com- 
mended, from  jlessrs.  'V^ilinorin,  Andrieux,  &  Co. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present :  T.  F.  Rivers,  Esq.,  iu  the  chair ;  anil 
Messrs.  W.  Warren,  J.  Willard,  J.  Lee,  F.  Rutland. 
G.  Norman,  J.  Fitt,  G.  Bunyard,  A.  H.  Pearson,  11. 
Veitch,  P.  Crowley,  E.  Hogg,  LL.D.,  J.  Burnett, 
and  R.  D.  Blackmore. 

The  chief  exhibitors  here  were  Messrs.  Veitch  & 
Sons,  Chelsea,  who  contributed  a  fine  collection  of 
twenty-seven  dishes  of  fruit — grand  samples  through- 
out, and  also  an  interesting  collection  of  fruit  trees 
in  pots ;  in  the  latter  we  observed  Early  Trans- 
parent Gage,  Prince  Engelbert  Plum,  and  .Jeffries' 
Plum.  The  dishes  contained  Peach  Sea  Eagle,  a 
handsome  fruit ;  Plums,  Lawson's  Golden,  Washing- 
ton, Victoria,  The  Czar,  Golden  Esperen ;  ami 
Apples,  Red  Astrachan,  Keswick  Codlin,  Oslin,  Lord 
Sutfield.  King  Pippin,  Duchesse  d'Oldenburg ; 
Pears,  Jargonelle,  Beurre  Giffard,  &c. 

Mr.  F.  lioss,  gr.  to  Sir  G.  Macleay,  Pendell  Court. 
Bletchingley,  Surrey,  showed  fruits  of  the  Guava; 
and  there  were  also  a  few  other  exhibits,  wliieh. 
however,  do  not  call  for  particular  mention. 


HASTINGS,       ST.       LEONARDS,       AND 
EAST  SUSSEX. 

Anti.  17. — The  products  throughout  were  of  that 
high  degree  of  excellence  which  has  characterised 
this  exhibition  for  many  years  past ;  there  was,  how- 
ever, a  slight  falling-off  in  some  classes  where  the 
effects  of  the  loug-continued  drought  had  most  made 
itself  felt. 

Plants. — The  classes  devoted  to  these  were  produc- 
tive of  many  examples  of  high-class  cultivation. 
Mr.  Portuell,  gr.  to  Sir  A.  Lamb,  Beaufort,  was  the 
most  successful  exhibitor  of  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  showing  in  the  class  for  eight  specimens  a 
grand  piece  of  Dipladenia  amabilis  most  profusely 
flowered,  as  also  was  Bougainvillea  glabra;  Erica 
Austiniana  and  E.  Aitonia  turgida  were  also  finely 
done — Messrs.  Knight  &  Co.,  being  a  close  2nd,  with 
good  plants,  among  others,  of  Erica  cerinthoides 
coronata,  Statice  Gilbertii,  and  Rondeletia  speciosa 
major.  For  six  specimens,  Mr.  Grossman,  Coghurst 
Hall,  came  1st  with  a  very  fresh  set,  a  Bougainvillea 
glabra  being  finely  coloured.  Messrs.  Portuell  and 
Grossman  being  in  the  premier  places  again  in  two 
smaller  classes  with  equally  meritorious  plants.  For 
eight  foliaged  plants,  Mr.  Jupn,  gr.  to  G.  Boulton, 
Esq.,  Eastbourne,  was  1st,  with  a  compact,  well-grown 
set,  Croton  Audreanus,  C.  Challenger,  and  C.  Quix^n 
Victoria  being  finely  coloured ;  also  a  beautiful 
example  of  Cycas  revoluta — Mr.  Portuell,  following 
a  close  2nd,  but  not  so  bright  in  colour,  Palms  being 
his  strongest  featu.ie.  The  same  two  exhibitors  took 
like  places  for  eight  exotic  Ferns.  In  another 
class  for  foliaged  plants  was  a  fine  specimen 
of  Dracicna  Shepherdii,  from  Mr.  Grossman  : 
this  variety  is  still  one  of  the  finest  of  the 
larger  gi-owing  stove  kinds.  Zonal  Pelargo- 
niums (both  single  and  double)  made  a  brilliant 
display,  Mr.  Portuell  coming  in  1st  in  both  sections  : 
Mr.  Hobden,  Harold  Nursery.  Hastings,  being  a  very 
close  2nd  in  both  instances.  For  Fuchsias,  Mr. 
Portuell  was  again  successful,  with  compact  healthy 
pyramids,  densely  flowered.  Ericas  were  well  shown 
(as  usu.al  at  this  show),  being  a  most  instructive 
feature  for  decoration  at  this  season,  Mr.  Portnell 
and  Messrs.  Knight  both  showing  well.  A  very  fresh 
example  of  Marnockiana,  from  the  latter  exhibitor, 
also  took  the  1st  prize  as  the  best  specimen  plant. 

In  groups  for  eflTect  there  was  room  for  improve- 
ment, but  Mr.  Jupp's  premier  group  was  very  light 
and  not  crowded,  being  a  pattern  for  the  other  ex- 
hibitors. Mr.  Gilbert,  of  Springfield  Nursei'j^, 
Hastings,  staged  a  group  of  plants,  not  for  cumpe- 


August  27,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEBS'     C  EBON  I  CLE. 


257 


tition,  which  produced  a  good  effect  at  the  end  of  one 
of  the  marquees. 

Cut  Flowers. — For  twenty-four  varieties  of  stove 
and  greenhouse  varieties,  Messrs.  Knight,  Gilbert, 
jun.,  and  Portnell  took  the  prizes  in  the  order  named, 
the  former  exhibitor  being  strong  in  the  best  varieties 
of  Ericas  and  stove  plants.  In  Roses  Mrs.  WooUard, 
Cooksbridge  Nursery,  Lewes,  was  1st,  for  twenty- 
four  varieties,  showing  a  very  fresh  lot  of  blooms  ; 
Jlr.  Slaughter,  of  Steyning,  being  next  in  order, 
with  some  capital  blooms  of  Tea-scented  kinds.  In 
a  smaller  class  Mr.  Gorringe,  of  Eastbourne,  showed 
well. 

In  table  decorations,  bouquets,  and  baskets  of 
flowers,  there  was  a  brisk  competition,  Messrs.  Chard 
and  Bishop  taking  1st  prizes  for  the  former ;  whilst 
in  bouquets  Mr.  Bishop,  gr.  to  F.  Peake,  Esq.,  Croy- 
don, was  to  the  front,  and  Mr.  Jliller,  of  Steyning, 
following,  each  showing  arrangements  of  a  sensible 
size  ;  Mrs.  Chard  being  again  successful  with  the 
b.i.sket  class. 

From  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons,  Crawley,  came  some 
capit.ll  boxes  of  pompon.  Cactus,  and  single  Dahlias, 
each  type  being  well  represented  ;  these,  with  a  good 
selection  of  herbaceous  plants  (cut),  were  backed  up 
witli  cut  specimens  of  hardy  ornamental  foliage 
jdants,  which  produced  a  good  effect. 

Fruit. — For  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  Grapes 
Jlr.  Allen,  gr.  to  Lord  Brassey,  Normanhurst,  was  an 
excellent  1st  in  each  instance,  showing  large  and 
finely  finished  bunches  of  the  former,  and  beauti- 
fully coloured  samples  of  the  latter.  For  any  other 
bhick  kind,  three  well  finished  Madresfield  Court 
won  for  Mr.  Jupp  the  1st  prize,  beating  some  good 
examples  of  Gros  Maroc,  with  extra  large  berries 
from  Mr.  Timms,  of  New  Barnet.  In  another  class 
Mr.  Grossman  won  with  fine  bunches  of  West's  St. 
I'eter's,  as  well  as  taking  2nd  for  Black  Hamburghs. 
A\'ith  a  collection  of  six  dishes  of  fruit  Mr.  Portnell 
took  1st  place  with  a  good  all-round  collection,  show- 
ing also  some  very  fine  T^eaches  in  the  classes  for  that 
fruit.  Mr.  Grossman  proved  himself  an  all-round 
exhibitor  by  staging  and  well  winning  the  two  1st 
prizes  for  collections  of  vegetables,  showing  very  fine 
Celery  (Sutton's  White  Gem),  as  well  as  other  ex- 
cellent vegetables. 

The  vegetables,  pot  plants,  cut  flowers,  and  fruit 
shown  by  the  cottagers  were  a  most  praiseworthy 
collection  of  produce,  filling  one  tent  entirely,  with 
scarcely  an  inferior  exhibit  among  them,  whilst  the 
majority  would  have  done  the  growers  credit  in  any 
open  competition.  H. 


TROWBRIDGE    HORTICTILTTJRAL. 

Aug.  17. — The  annual  exhibition  of  this  Society 
was  a  thoroughly  good  one  throughout,  one  of  the 
best  ever  held  ;  but  seeing  that  the  schedule  of 
prizes  contains  nearly  150  classes  it  is  obvious  that 
only  a  few  salient  features  can  be  touclied  upon. 

Fuchsias. — These  are  always  a  prime  feature  at 
this  show.  For  some  season  Mr.  James  Lye  did  not 
exhibit  as  usual,  but  other  growers  were  to  the  fore. 
Fine  as  they  were,  however,  the  Fuchsias  were 
scarcely  up  to  the  usual  mark  ;  the  hot  dry  weather 
had  told  somewhat  against  them.  Mr.  George 
Tucker,  gr.  to  Major  Clark,  Trowbridge,  was  1st,  with 
six  specimens,  having  of  dark  varieties  The  Hon. 
Jlrs.  Hay,  Charming,  and  Thomas  King ;  and  of 
light  varieties  Harriet  Lye,  Marginata,  and  Lye's 
Favourite.  Mr.  H.  Pocock,  gr.  to  J.  P.  Harden, 
Esi|.,  Trowbridge,  was  2nd,  with  Doel's  Favourite, 
Beiuity  of  Hill  View,  and  Bountiful — dark;  Rose 
of  Castille,  Princess  of  Wales,  and  Arabella — light. 
.3ril,  Mr.  J.  Matthews,  gr.  to  W.  R.  Brown,  Esq  , 
Trowbridge,  with  plants  far  in  excess  of  quality  to 
what  is  generally  seen  at  flower  shows.  Mr.  Tucker 
hail  the  best  four  plants  also. 

Flowering  Plants.—  The  best  collection  of  nine 
plants  came  from  Mr.  Tucker,  who  had  Ixora  coc- 
ciuca,  I.  Morsei,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  Allamanda 
Ilcndersoni,  A.  nobilis,  Statice  profusa,  Oncidium 
flexuosnm,  and  Rondeletia  speciosum  major ;  2nd, 
Mr.  Matthews.  Stove  and  greenhouse  plants  \yere 
also  shown  in  collections  of  six  and  three  :  Messrs. 
Tucker,  Pocock,  and  Matthews  divided  the  honours. 
The  best  specimen  plant  displaying  superior  culti- 
vation was  a  fine  piece  of  Cattleya  Loddigesi,  from 
Mr.  G.  Pymm,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Gouldsworth,  Trowbridge. 

Mr.  Richmond,  gr.  to  G.  L.  Palmer,  Esq.,  Trow- 
bridge, had  the  best  six  single-flowered  Begonias, 
and  the  best  six  double  also,  both  highly  praise- 
wortliy. 

In  the  amateurs'  division.  Fuchsias,  Begonias,  Bal- 
sams, &c.,  were  all  finely  shown,  and  the  Fuchsias 


shown  by  cottagers,  as  well  as  zonal  Pelargoniums, 
were  marvels  of  cottage  culture. 

Foliagcd  Plants. — In  the  class  for  nine  specimens 
Mr.  J.  Currey,  gr.  to  Colonel  Pepper,  Salisbury,  was 
1st,  with  good-sized  examples  of  Palms,  Crotons,  &c.; 
Mr.  W.  C.  Drummond,  nurseryman,  Bath,  being  2nd. 
Ferns  and  Mosses  were  shown  in  groups  of  fifteen 
pl.ants,  Mr.  Tucker  being  1st  with  a  very  fine  even 
lot. 

Cut  Flowers. — There  was  a  remarkable  exhibition 
for  the  season  of  Roses  and  Dahlias,  some  very  fine 
blooms  of  both  being  staged.  The  best  twelve  trebles 
of  Roses  came  from  Mr.  ,1.  M.attock,  New  Head- 
ington  Nursery,  Oxford  ;  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams 
&  Co.,  Salisbury,  being  2nd.  Dr,  Budd,  Pultney 
Street,  Bath,  had  the  best  twenty-four  single  blooms, 
staging  some  capital  flowers  ;  Messrs.  Geo.  Cooling 
&  Son  being  2nd.  In  the  amateur  classes  for  twelve 
trebles  and  twelve  singles.  Dr.  Budd  was  1st  in  both  ; 
Mr.  Thomas  llobbs,  Lower  Easton,  Bristol,  being 
2nd.  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  had  the  best  twenty- 
four  varieties  of  Dahlias,  staging  a  fine  lot  of  blooms. 
Mr.  Thomas  Hobbs  had  tlie  best  twelve  varieties. 
Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.  also  had  the  best  twelve 
blooms  of  fancy  Dahlias,  showing  some  excellent 
blooms.  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  were  also  1st  with 
twelve  single  Dahlias  and  the  same  number  of  pom- 
pon variety,  putting  up  excellent  stands  in  both 
cases.  Asters,  both  quilled  and  French,  were 
numerous,  and  very  fine.  Hollyhocks,  Gladioli, 
Pansies,  Carnations,  and  Picotees,  &c.,  were  also 
good  generally.  Verbenas  were  a  fine  feature,  some 
fine  varieties  being  exhibited.  Table  decorations, 
both  in  garden  and  \vild  flowers,  bouquets  .button- 
holes, and  memorial  wreatlis,  were  also  well  shown. 

Fniit. — Of  this  there  was  a  very  good  display, 
though  the  prizes  offered  in  the  various  classes  were 
very  low  indeed  ;  but  considering  that  the  schedule 
contains  150  classes,  it  is  obvious  that  the  prizes 
must  be  low  when  so  many  subjects  have  to  be  pro- 
vided for.  The  best  collection  of  ten  dishes  came 
from  Mr.  W.  Iggulden,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Cork, 
Marston,  Frome,  who  had  good  Black  Hamburgh  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  Melon,  very  fine  Belle- 
garde  and  Grosse  Mignonne  Peaches.  Moor  Park 
Apricots,  Figs,  Plums,  Pears  and  Cherries ;  2nd,  Mr. 
H.  Prosser,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Laverton,  Esq.,  Westbury, 
with  Alicante  and  Foster's  Seedling  Grapes.  Royal 
George  Peaches,  Melon,  Plums,  &c.  Mr.  Icgulden 
was  also  1st  with  si.x  dishes.  In  the  class  for  two 
bunches  of  black  Grapes  Mr.  Iggulden  was  1st,  with 
good  Black  Hamburgh.  In  the  class  for  white 
Grapes,  not  Muscats,  Mr.  Atwell,  gr.  to  J.  B.  Bram, 
Esq.,  Bristol,  was  1st.  with  Buckland  Sweetwater, 
good  in  colour.  With  Black  Muscats  Mr.  B.  Hopkins, 
gr.  to  J.  Bailey,  Esq.,  Frome,  was  1st,  with  good 
Madresfield  Court.  Mr.  Iggulden  was  1st  with  two 
good  bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Melons 
were  numerously  show-n.  The  best  scarlet-flesh 
was  Hero  of  Wilts  ;  the  best  green-flesh  was  unnamed. 
Apricots  were  very  fine.  llr.  Iggulden  was  1st  out 
of  sixteen  competitors  with  a  good  dish,  Mr.  Mattick, 
gr.  to  J.  G.  Foley,  Esq.,  Trowbridge,  being  2nd. 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  were  in  good  quantity  also, 
but  here  the  fruit  are  all  cut,  and  so  it  happens  that 
the  smallest  sometimes  wins  on  the  score  of  flavour. 
Royal  George  took  honours  on  this  ground — Elruge 
and  Pitmaston  Orange  among  Nectarines.  I'lums 
were  not  up  to  their  usual  form,  but  dessert  and 
culinary  Apples  were  an  excellent  feature.  The  best 
two  dishes  of  the  former  were  Red  Astrachan  and 
Beauty  of  Wilts,  the  last-named  being  in  its  best 
form.  Lord  Suffield  took  the  lead  among  culinary 
varieties.  There  were  twenty  dishes  of  dessert  Pears, 
Jargonelle  being  the  best  flavoured. 

Vegetables. — Of  these  there  was  a  magnificent  dis- 
play ;  indeed  it  did  seem  as  if  the  Trowbridge 
district  growers  had  been  independent  of  weather. 
In  all  the  divisions — open,  gardeners,  amateurs,  and 
cottagers — there  were  wonderful  collections,  Fotatos 
especially  being  very  clean  and  handsome,  and  the 
competition  was  very  keen  in  all  the  classes. 


specimen  stove  or  greenhouse  plant  was  a  very  fine 
piece  of  Anthnrium  Scherzerianum  from  Mr.  N. 
Kneller,  gr.  to  W.  S.  Portal,  Esq.,  Malshanger  Park, 
Basingstoke;  Mr.  Wills  coming2nd,  with  Erica  obbata 
purpurea.  In  the  special  prize  list  the  best  group  of 
stove  or  greenhouse  plants  arranged  for  effect  came 
from  Mr.  Weaver,  gr.  to  W.  W.  Beach,  Esq,,  M. P.,  Oak- 
ley Hall.  Basingstoke,  a  bold  and  striking  arrangement 
with  rich-coloured  Crotons,  Dracajnas,  Alocasias, 
&c.,  but  a  little  too  crowded  and  formally  arranged  ; 
2nd,  Mr.  Wills,  who  had  a  tasteful  group,  a  little 
weak  in  appearance,  and  perilously  near  being  dis- 
qualified through  the  use  of  Chrysanthemums.  The 
best  twelve  plants,  in  or  out  of  bloom,  were  a  good 
feature  ;  they  came  from  Mr.  Wills,  who  had  Statice 
profusa,  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  Erica  Antonia 
Turnbulli,  Ixora  Prince  of  Orange,  Stephanotis 
floribunda,  Croton  majesticus,  C.  Disraeli,  Cycas  in- 
termedia. Kentia  Fosteriana,  &c. ;  2nd,  B.  Tripp, 
gr.  to  Mr.  Fields,  Godalming. 

Fuliaged  Plants. — Mr.  Wills  had  the  best  six  of 
these,  staging  Cycas  revoluta,  Areca  lutescens. 
Dasylirion  acrotrichum.  and  Crotons  Prince  of 
Wales,  variegatus,  and  Johannis.  Mr.  Wills  had 
the  best  six  exotic  Ferns,  staging  finely  developed 
specimens  ;  while  Mr.  Kneller  was  1st  with  an 
admirable  half-dozen  hardy  Ferns,  all  clean  and  well 
grown.  Coleus  were  a  fine  feature,  large  and  well 
grown  plants,  finely  coloured  ;  Mr.  Eckett.  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Harrison  Wayne,  South  Workington,  was  1st. 

Four  very  fine  specimen  Fuchsias,  not  for  compe- 
tition, were  shown  by  Mr.  Bradshaw,  Audley  Wood. 

Cut  Flowers, — Of  these  Roses  were  a  leading 
feature  ;  the  best  twenty-four  came  from  Mr.  II.  J. 
Gibbs,  Manor  Farm.  Salisbury ;  the  Rev.  C.  Eddy, 
Bromley,  being  2nd.  The  best  twelve  came  from 
Mr.  W.  Neville,  gr.  to  F.  W.  Flight,  Esq.,  Mitford  ; 
Mr.  Thompson  being  2nd.  Jlr.  Neville  also  had  the 
best  six  varieties,  three  blooms  of  each ;  Mr.  J, 
Dauncey,  gr.  to  J.  B.  Stone,  Esq.,  Birchfield,  being 
2nd.  "The  premier  Rose  was  a  very  fine  bloom  of 
II. P.  Thomas  Mills. 

Fruit. — The  best  six  dishes  came  from  Mr.  Best, 
gr.  to  C.  W.  Chute,  Esq.,  The  Vyne,  who  had  Black 
Hamburgh  and  Buckland  Sweetwater  Grapes,  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  Apples,  and  Cherries.  Mr.  Kettlewell. 
gr.  to  W,  Harris,  Esq.,  Steventon,  had  the  best  two 
bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes  ;  Mr.  Weaver 
being  2nd.  Mr.  Bowerman,  gr.  to  C.  Hoare,  Esq., 
Hackwood,  had  1st  prize  for  two  bunches  of  Gros 
Maroc  or  any  other  black  ;  Mr.  Best  being  2nd,  with 
Black  Prince.  Mr.  Kettlewell  was  the  only  exhibitor 
of  two  bunches  of  white  Muscat,  showing  in  good 
form.  Mr.  Kneller  took  1st  prize  for  two  bunches 
of  any  other  white,  showing  Buckland  Sweetwater  in 
a  highly  finished  state.  Melon,  Peaches,  Nectarines, 
dessert  and  culinary  Apples.  Pears,  Plums  and 
Cherries  were  all  well  shown. 

Vegetables. — Of  these  there  was  a  fine  display 
throughout  the  show.  In  the  class  for  twelve  distinct 
varieties  there  was  a  very  keen  competition,  the  best 
coming  from  Mr.  Bowerman  ;  Mr.  R.  Lye,  gr.  to  W. 
H.  Kingsmill,  Esq.,  Lydmonton,  Newbury,  being  2nd. 
In  the  special  class  for  nine  distinct  varieties  of 
Potatos,  Mr.  R.  Lye  was  1st  with  very  good  examples 
of  the  Colonel,  Prime  Minister,  The  Dean,  Beauty 
of  Hebron,  Chancellor,  Queen  of  the  Valley,  Wilt- 
shire Snowflake,  M.P.,  and  Tupley.  Messrs.  Sutton 
&  Sons,  Reading,  and  Messrs.  Webb  &  Sons,  Stour- 
bridge, offered  special  prizes  for  six  dishes  of  veget- 
ables each,  and  there  was  an  excellent  competition 
in  both  classes. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons  sent  from  Reading  a 
remarkable  collection  of  hardy  cut  flowers  in  great 
variety,  shown  in  handsome  bunches  of  rare  excel- 
lence ;  also  some  dwarf  crimson  Cockscombs,  as 
representing  their  own  strain  ;  all  of  which  were 
very  Highly  Commended  by  the  judges. 


BASINGSTOKE  HORTICULTURAL. 

Aug.  1G. — This  was  an  excellent  exhibition,  held 
in  the  grounds  of  Eastlands,  the  residence  of  W. 
Bryan,  Esq.  The  weather  proved  showery,  and  rain 
fell  somewhat  heavily  just  when  the  visitors  would 
be  going  to  see  the  show. 

Plants. — Mr.  E.  Miles,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  Bassett, 
Southampton,  was  1st  in  the  class  for  six  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants,  having  as  his  leading  subjects 
Bignonia  grandiflora,  Statice  Holfordi,  Kalosanthes 
coccinea,  and  Clerodendron  Balfourianum.   The  best 


SHROPSHIRE    FLORAL    AND    HORTI- 
CULTURAL. 

Shrewsbuhy  ;  Aug.  17  and  18. — The  show,  taking 
it  altogether,  was  perhaps  the  best  the  Society 
has  had.  The  principal  prize-winners  in  the  plant 
classes  were  Mr.  James  Cypher  (who  was  in 
capital  form) ;  Mr.  James  French,  gr.  to  James 
Marrott,  Esq,  Queen's  Road,  Shrewsbury ;  and 
Messrs.  Pritchard  &  Sons,  Shrewsbury,  and  Mr. 
Lambart,  gr.,  to  Col.  Winfleld,  Onslow  Hall,  Shrews- 
bury, were  the  principal  exhibitors  in  the  plant 
classes — the  last-named  exhibitor  was  also  in- 
vincible in  the  vegetable  classes,  as  also  were  Mr. 
Goodacre.  gr.  to  tlie  Earl  of  Harrington,  Elvaston 
Castle ;    and  Mr-.  W.  Pratt,  gr.  to  the  Marquis  of 


258 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  27,  1887. 


Bath,  Longleat,  in  the  fruit  classes.  The  chief 
prizes  in  the  plant  classes  were  £25.  £20,  and  £15 
respectively,  for  twenty  stove  and  greenhouse  plants. 

Plants. — The  veteran  grower,  Mr.  Cypher,  of  Chel- 
tenham, occupied  his  accustomed  place  of  1st,  showing 
fresh-looking,  well  grown,  and  flowered  specimens 
of  Erica  Irbvana,  E.  Marnockiana,  E.  ampuUacea 
Barnesii,  E.  obhata  pupurea,  Allamanda  Hendersoni, 
A.  grandiflora,  Phwnocoma  prolifera  Barnesii,  Cordy- 
line  indivisa,  Croton  Queen  Victoria,  C.  Sunset 
(highly  coloured),  C.  Johannis,  Kentia  Fosteriana, 
K.  australis,  Ixora  Pilgrimi,  I.  Fraseri,  Bougain- 
villea  glabra,  Cycas  revoluta,  C.circinalis,  and  Clero- 
dendronBalfourii.  2nd,  Mr.  French,  whose  best  plants 
were  Ixora  Frateri,  Stephanotis  floribunda,  Statice 
profusa,  and  some  varieties  of  Crotons.  Mr.  Cypher 
was  also  to  the  front  for  six  exotic  Ferns,  showing  a 
fresh  even  lot,  his  best  plants  being  Cibotiura  prin- 
ceps,  Alsophila  australis,  and  Thamnopteris  nidus ; 
2nd,  Mr.  Lambart,  who  showed  a  good  fiesh  lot  of 
plants.  Messrs.  Pritchard  &  Sons  were  1st  and  2nd 
for  six  tuberous  Begonia  tuberosa,  showing  distinct 
and  well-fiowered  plants.  Messrs.  Pritchard  & 
Son  secured  1st  place  foT  well  gi-own  and  pro- 
fusely flowered  Fuchsias,  these  plants  attracting 
much  attention  from  those  interested  in  the  cul- 
ture of  this  favourite  plant.  Mr.  Cypher  was  1st  for 
feix  flowering  plants,  showing  admirably  flowered 
plants  of  Ixora  araabilis,  Clerodendron  Balfourii, 
Dipladenia  amabilis,  Statice  profusa.  Erica  Thomsoni 
and  E.  Shannoni ;  2nd.  Mr,  C.  Roberts,  gr.  to  W. 
Nicholson,  Esq.,  Highfield  Hall,  Staffordshire.  In 
the  class  for  six  Ferns  (confined  to  gentlemen's  gar- 
deners in  Salop  and  Montgomery),  Mr.  Lambart  was 
1st,  showing  a  creditable  half-dozen,  his  best  plants 
being  Davallia  Mooreana.  Microlepis  hirta  cristata, 
and  Cyathea  dealbata. 

Groups. — These,  as  a  rule,  are  well  done  at  Shrews- 
bury, and  on  the  present  occasion  Messrs.  Pritchard 
&,  Sons  eclipsed  any  of  the  previous  arrangements, 
securing  1st  and  2nd  in  two  clever  arrangements; 
their  1st  prize  one  was  very  effective,  being  of  irre- 
gular form  and  consisting  for  the  most  part  of  Catt- 
leyas,  Crotons,  Palms,  and  Panicum  variegatuTn, 
set  in  a  carpeting  of  Maidenhair  Fern  and  Aspara- 
gus plumosus,  and  edged  with  the  dwarf  Caladium 
argyrites.  Miscellaneous  plants,  not  for  competition, 
were  shown  largely  and  well  by  Messrs.  James  Dick- 
son &  Sons,  Newton  Nurseries,  Chester,  who  had  a 
good  stand  of  Mrs.  Reynolds  Hole  Carnation,  which 
has  a  colour  between  salmon  and  terra-cotta,  and  is  of 
good  substance,  and  a  free  flowering  border  variety. 
The  groups  of  Coniferre  in  pots  stood  about  in  the 
grounds  by  the  above-mentioned  firms  were  also 
greatly  admired. 

Fruit.— The  sum  of  £10,  given  as  a  1st  prize  for 
six  bunches  of  black  Grapes  in  three  varieties,  only 
brought  out  five  lots.  Mr.  Goodacre  secured  the 
1st  prize  for  good  sized  and  well-coloured  bunches  of 
Madresfield  Court,  Muscat  Hamburgh,  and  Black 
Hamburgh.  2nd,  Mr.  Pratt,  who  showed  larger  and 
fairly  well  coloured  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh, 
Gros  Maroc,  and  Black  Alicante.  3rd,  Mr.  Dawes, 
gr.,  Ledbury  Court,  who  had  Madresfield  Court, 
Alnwick  Seedling,  and  Black  Hamburgh.  Mr.  Pratt 
was  1st,  out  of  twelve  lots  staged,  for  three  bunches 
of  Black  Hamburgh,  with  large  well  coloured  bunches ; 
2nd,  Mr.  G.  Barker  ;  and  for  a  like  number  of 
bunches  of  any  other  black  variety  than  Hamburgh, 
the  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynne  was  1st  with  Alnwick  Seed- 
ling, fine  in  bunch,  berry,  and  finish.  In  the  class 
for  four  bunches  of  white  Grapes,  in  two  varieties, 
Mr.  Pratt  was  1st,  with  good  bunches  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  (wanting  only  a  few  weeks'  more  sun  to 
be  perfect),  and  Foster's  Seedling,  good  in  bunch, 
berry,  and  colour;  Mr.  Dawes  being  a  good  2nd, 
with  the  same  varieties  ;  four  lots  were  shown.  Mr. 
Pratt  was  again  1st  for  three  bunches  of  Muscats ; 
2nd,  Mr.  Bates,  gr.  to  J.  I.  Harris.  Esq.,  Hayestoone, 
Stafl'ordshire  ;  nine  bunches  were  staged.  The  Hon. 
C.  H.  Wynne  was  1st  out  of  eight  lots  shown  for  a 
like  number  of  bunches  of  any  other  white  than 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  with  small  but  well  coloured 
bunches  of  Duke  of  Buccleuch. 

£10  offered  for  twelve  sorts  of  fruit  brought  out 
four  good  collections,  and  here  Mr.  Goodacre  was 
again  victorious,  showing  a  good  all-round  even  lot 
of  "fruit,  his  back  dishes  consisting  of  good  Muscat  of 
Alexandria,  Foster's  Seedling,  Muscat  Hamburgh, 
and  Black  Hamburgh  Grapps  (two  bunches  of  each), 
and  Smooth  Cayenne  Pine-apple;  and  the  front 
dishes  wprc  a  good  Lockinge  Melon,  highly  coloured 
Elruge  Nectarines,  Brown  Turkey  Figs.  Moor  Park 
Apricots,  GroBse  Mignonne  Peach.  Black  Tartarian 
Cherries,  and  Transparent  Green  Gage  Plum.  Mr. 
Pratt   was  a  good  2nd.  his    best   dishes  being   hi^ 


Brunswick  Figs,  Muscat  of  Ale.xandria  Grapes,  and 
Peaches  :  Mr.  Roberts,  Gunnersbury.  was  3rd.  Mr. 
Gillman,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  Ingestrie 
Hall,  Staffordshire,  also  showed  well  in  this  class. 

Mr.  Lambart  was  1st  for  a  collection  of  nine 
kinds  of  fruit  (Pine  excluded,  and  open  to  gardeners 
residing  in  Salop  and  Montgomery  only),  showing 
good  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
Grapes,  Peaches,  and  Nectarines  ;  2nd,  Mr.  Sheppard, 
Rhodes  Hall,  AVellington.  About  four  green  and 
scarlet-flesh  Melons  were  shown,  Mr.  Goodacre  being 
1st  in  the  former  class,  with  a  good  fruit  of  Lockinge 
Hero;  and  Henry  Owen,  Esq.,  The  Cedars,  Shrews- 
bury, was  1st  in  the  scarlet  class,  with  good  fruit  of 
Blenheim  Orange.  Out  of  fourteen  dishes  of  Peaches 
and  fifteen  dishes  of  Nectarint-s  Mr.  Gillman  was  1st 
in  both  classes,  showing  very  fine  Victoria  Nectarine 
and  Barrington  Peaches;  the  Hon.  C.  H.  Wynne 
being  2nd  in  the  former  class,  showing  fine  fruits  of 
Pine-apple. 

Vegetables. — These  were  shown  in  great  numbers 
and  excellent  quality  for  the  season.  Messrs.  Webb 
&  Sons,  Wordslcy,  Stourbridge,  offered  five  prizes, 
ranging  in  value  from  £5  to  10s.,  and  in  competition 
for  which  eight  good  collections  were  staged,  the  1st 
being  awarded  to  Mr.  Lambart,  who  exhibited  good 
things,  amongst  them  being  Webb's  Colossal  Leek, 
a  very  fine  variety  ;  and  Webb's  Sensation  Tomato, 
also  good.  2nd,  Mr.  Waite,  gr.  to  Colonel  Talbot, 
Glenhurst,  Esher ;  3rd,  Mr.  Crawford,  Newark-on- 
Trent.  So  close  were  the  exhibits  in  point  of 
merit  that  the  judges  found  difficulty  in  deter- 
mining their  relative  positions.  Mr.  Lambart 
was  also  1st  in  the  class  for  the  Society's 
prize  for  twelve  kinds  of  vegetables,  showing 
similar  produce  to  that  staged  in  the  previous  class. 
Mr.  Milner,  gr.  to  Rev.  J.  D.  Corbet,  Sundorne 
Castle,  being  a  good  2nd.  Mr.  Lambart  was  also  1st 
for  a  collection  of  six  varieties  of  Potatos,  showing 
good  examples  of  Sutton's  Seedling,  Chiswick 
Favourite,  Vicar  of  Laleham,  Miss  Fowler,  Chan- 
cellor, and  Prime  Minister ;  the  same  exhibitor  was 
1st  for  three  dishes ;  and  Mr.  Waite  was  a  good 
1st  for  a  single  dish.  Mr.  Goodacre  was  1st  for  six 
Tomatos — Hathaway 's  Excelsior. 

A  new  Tomato  was  shown  by  Mr.  Goodacre,  of 
Elvaston  Castle  Gardens.  It  is  a  prolific  fruiter,  of 
the  shape  of  Vick's  Criterion.  A  First-class  Cer- 
tificate was  granted.  H.  W.  Ward. 


TAUNTON  DEANE   HORTICULTTTRAL. 

August  11.  —  When  such  reno%vned  exhibitors 
as  Messrs.  Cypher,  Lock,  and  Wills,  are  found  com- 
peting in  the  same  classes  a  fine  exhibition  is  certain 
to  result.  In  the  open  division  in  the  class  for 
twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in  flower,  Mr. 
Lock,  gr.  to  B.  W.  Cleave,  Esq.,  Crediton,  was  1st. 
with  a  very  fine  lot,  consisting  of  grand  specimens  of 
Ixoras  Fraseri,  Williamsi,  and  Prince  of  Orange ; 
Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  Eucharis  araazonica, 
AUamandas  Hendersoni  and  nobilis,  Bougain- 
villea  glabra,  Ericas  obbata,  purpurea,  ccerulea,  coc- 
cinea,  superba,  &c.  ;  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Cypher,  nursery- 
man, Cheltenham,  with  fine  specimens  of  Ericas 
Austiniana,  Thompsoni,  Shannoni,  and  aemula ; 
Ixora  Pilgrimi,  I.  Fraseri,  Allamanda  nobilis, 
&c.  Mr.  Cypher  had  the  best  six  plants,  setting  up 
a  very  good  lot,  consisting  of  Stephanotis  floribunda, 
Ixora  regina.  Erica  Irbyana,  very  fine ;  Anthurium 
Andreannm,  Erica'Mamockiana,  and  Statice  profusa. 

In  the  amateurs'  division  Mr.  Lock  had  the  best 
twelve.  The  best  newly  introduced  plant  was 
Cattleya  odorata  marginata,  from  Mr.  Cypher ;  Mr. 
Lucas  coming  2nd  with  Amasonia  punicea. 

Orchids. — Mr.  Cypher  had  the  best  four  Orchids, 
staging  .nice  specimens  of  Aerides  quinquevulnerum, 
Saccolabium  Blumei,  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  superba, 
and  C.  crispa  superba;  2nd.  Mr.  E.  Wills. 

Miscellaneous  Flowering  Plants.  —  These  in- 
cluded Japan  Lilies,  some  very  fine  specimens 
being  shown  by  Mr.  Thomas  and  Mr.  Huxtable, 
gr.  to  F.  W,  Newton,  Esq.,  Taunton.  Specimen 
Lilium  auratum  formed  also  a  good  feature.  Pelar- 
goniums are  admirably  done  at  Taunton  also.  The 
best  eight  zonal  varieties  came  from  Mr.  H.  Godding, 
Taunton — good  varieties  for  show  purposes,  well 
grown  and  flowered.  Tuberous  rooted  Begonias 
were  also  a  good  feature,  and  here  Mr.  Godding  was 
1st  with  six  admirable  plants,  the  variptips  being 
Bronze  Queen,  A.  Wagoner,  Princess  of  Wales,  Mrs. 
Terry,  and  two  others  ;  2nd.  Mr.  C.  R.  Rodwell, 
Taunton.  Achimenes  were  a  great  feature,  large 
specimens  of  great  size,  grandly  grown  and  flowered  : 
Messrs.  Lucas  and  Thomas  were  1st  And  2nd  ;  tlip 


plants  of  the  former  were  fully  4  feet  through  ;  the 
varieties  Dazzle,  Margaretta,  Mauve  Queen,  and 
Ambrose  Verschaffelt.  Balsams,  Petunias,  and  Cocks- 
combs were  all  in  good  form. 

Foliage  Pla7its. — These  were,  as  is  usual,  a  very 
fine  feature  at  Taunton.  Mr.  Cypher  beat  Mr.  Lock 
in  this  class,  having  very  fine  examples  of  Cycas 
circinalis,  Kentia  canterburyana,  K.  Fosteriana, 
Cordyline  indivisa,  Crotons  Queen  Victoria,  Jo- 
hannis, and  angustifolius,  and  Dasylirion  acrotri- 
chum :  2nd,  Mr.  Lock,  with  a  very  fine  Latania 
borbonica,  Areca  lutescens,  Kentia  Fosteriana, 
Encephalartos  viUosus  ampliatus,  Dasylirion  acro- 
trichum,  and  Crotons  Warreni,  Williamsi,  and  volu- 
teus.  Mr.  Lock  was  1st,  with  six  plants  in  the 
amateurs'  division,  having  fine  specimens  of  Thrinax 
elegans,  Alocasia  raacrorhiza  variegata,  Kentia  Bal- 
moreana,  Cocos  plumosus,  and  Crotons  Lord  Derby 
and  Chelsoni. 

Ferns  were  a  good  feature  also.  Mr.  Lock  had 
the  best  eight  specimens,  having  fine  plants  of 
Gleichenia  Mendelii,  Microlepia  hirta  cristata, 
Marattia  Cooperi,  Nephrolepis  davallioides  furcans, 
Adiantum  trapeziforme,  Davallia  polyantha,  D. 
Tyermanni,  and  D.  fijiensis;  2nd,  Mr.  E.  Wills,  with 
good  medium-sized  examples.  Mr.  Lock  was  the  only 
exhibitor  of  six  Ferns,  taking  the  1st  prize  with  highly 
creditable  specimens.  Hardy  Ferns  were  finely  shown 
by  Messrs.  Lock  and  Huxtable,  and  Selaginellas  by 
Messrs.  Wills  and  Huxtable.  Coleus  were  a  fine 
feature  also.  Mr.  Thomas  was  1st  with  six  y^Tj 
fine  specimens  of  Sir  Garnet  Wolseley,  Ada  Sentence, 
Harry  Veitch,  Edith  Sentence,  Mrs.  Baxter,  and  a 
seedling ;  2nd.  W.  B.  Hellard,  Esq. 

Cut  Flowers. — The  leading  class  for  Roses  required 
forty-eight  varieties,  one  bloom  of  each,  and  here 
Messrs.  Geo.  Cooling  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Bath,  were 
1st,  with  a  very  nice  fresh  lot  of  flowers  indeed, 
having  capital  blooms  of  Bartholomew  Jaubert, 
Captain  Christy,  St.  George,  Paul  Neron.  E.  Levet, 
Marie  Finger,  Camille  Bernardin,  Duchess  of  Bedford, 
La  Bonle  d'Or,  Belle  Lyonnais,  Madame  Bravy, 
Richard  Laxton.  Star  of  Waltham,  Marechal  Niel, 
Grandeur  of  Cheshunt,  Baron  Gonella,  Etoile  de 
Lyon,  Louis  Rarabaud,  &c. ;  2nd,  Mr.  G.  Campbell, 
gr.  to  S.  B.  Budd,  Esq.,  Bath.  Messrs.  Cooling  & 
Sons  also  had  the  best  twenty-four  varieties,  three 
blooms  of  each. 

Mr.  J.  Nation,  West  Monkton,  had  the  best 
twelve  Dahlias,  staging  capital  examples  of  Herbert 
Turner,  Pioneer,  Mrs.  Douglas,  Mrs.  Stanscrub,  Mrs. 
Glasscock,  J.  C.  Reid.  General  Roberts,  Goldfinder, 
and  others  ;  2nd,  Mr.  Thomas  Hobbs,  Lower  Easton, 
Bristol.  Mr.  Nation  was  1st  also  with  twelve  fancy 
Dahlias,  and  with  twelve  single  varieties  also.  Holly- 
hocks were  shown  in  collections  of  twenty-four  and 
twelve,  but  they  were  small,  owing  to  the  weather. 
Asters,  both  German  and  French,  were  very  good 
for  the  season,  and  so  were  Verbenas. 

Fruit. — Of  this  there  was  an  extensive  display. 
Grapes  especially  being  very  good.  In  the  class  for 
ten  varieties  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  Longford  Castle 
Gardens,  Salisbury,  was  1st.  with  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria and  Madresfield  Court  Grapes,  Smooth 
Cayenne  Pine,  Dr.  Hogg  Peaches,  Pine-apple  Nec- 
tarine. Moor  Park  Apricots,  Figs,  Plums,  Cherries, 
and  Melons  ;  2nd,  Mr.  Pratt,  The  Gardens,  Longleat, 
Warminster,  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria  and  Black 
Hamburgh  Grapes,  Charlotte  Rothschild  Pine,  Belle- 
garde  Peaches,  Elruge  Nectarines,  &c.;  3rd,  Mr.  W. 
Iggulden,  The  Gardens,  Marston  House,  Frome.  In 
the  class  for  four  dishes  Mr,  W,  Daffurn,  Weston- 
super-Mare,  was  1st,  with  Madresfield  Court  Grapes, 
Grosse  Mignonne  Peaches,  Newington  Nectarine,  and 
Melon  ;  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Lloyd,  gr.  to  Vincent  Stuckey,Esq., 
Langport.  Mr.  Pratt  had  the  best  Pine-apple,  show- 
ing a  good  Smooth  Cayenne.  Mr.  Pratt  was  1st  with 
three  bunches  of  black  Grapes,  showing  very  fine 
Hamburghs ;  Jlr.  Iggulden  being  2nd,  and  Mr. 
H.  W.  Ward  3rd.  Mr.  Pratt  was  1st  with  three 
bunches  of  white  Muscats,  of  excellent  character ; 
Mr.  J.  Loosemore.  gr.  to  W.  Cooper,  Esq.,  Clifton, 
being  2nd.  Mr.  Ward  had  the  best  three  bunches 
of  any  other  white,  having  good  Buckland  Sweet- 
water; Mr.  Lloyd  being  2nd,  with  Foster's  Seedling 
Peaches  and  Nectarines  were  good  ;  Plums  also — 
Reine  Claude  de  Bavay.  white,  and  Magnum  Bonum, 
red,  being  the  best.  The  best  dessert  Apples  were 
Beauty  of  Bath,  in  excellent  condition,  and  Red 
Astrachan.  Culinary  Apples  were  numerous,  Lord 
Suffield  taking  the  lead.  Currants.  Gooseberries, 
and  Cherries  were  numerous  .ind  fine  also. 

Vegetables  were  a  remarkable  feature,  proving  there 
is  a  good  holding  soil  in  this  district,  even  during  a 
trying  season.  Mr.  H.  F.  Manley  had  the  best  ten 
dishes;  Mr.  H.   Moore.  Minphead.  being  2nd.     Mr, 


August  27,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


259 


Banwell  won  Messrs.  'V\''ebb  &  Son's  leading  special 
prize,  with  six  dishes;  Mr.  H.  Moore  being  2nd. 
There  were  several  fine  collections  of  Potatos  in  the 
class  for  six  dishes.  Mr.  H.  Moore  was  1st,  with 
capital  dishes  of  Cosmopolitan,  Keading  Kusset, 
Vicar  of  Lalehara,  Chancellor,  Prime  Minister,  and 
Prizetaker ;  2nd,  Mr.  W.  Greedy,  with  Cosmospolitan, 
Reading  Russet,  Charles  Oak,  Sutton's  Seedling, 
Vicar  of  Laleham,  and  Prizetaker.  Potatos  in  single 
dishes,  Cauliflower,  Celery,  Carrots,  Peas,  Tomatos, 
&c.,  were  all  very  fine. 


DUNlttOilE    EAST    HORTICTTLTVHAL 
SHOW. 

Taking  a  general  look  through  the  whole  show  the 
first  thing  that  would  strike  the  most  casual  observer 
was  the  general  excellence  in  the  several  sections. 
This  applied  more  particularly  to  vegetables,  cut 
flowers,  and  fruits  grown  out-of-doors. 

Messrs.  Saundei-s  <^'  Sofis,  Friars'  Walk  Kurscri/, 
Cork,  Cut  Flower  Cotledion. — Every  visitor  seemed 
surprised  at  the  size,  beauty,  and  freshness  of  the 
large  stands  of  forty-eight  blooms  of  show  and  fancy 
Dahlias,  which  included  some  of  the  newest  and 
latest  novelties,  in  superb  condition,  just  as  large 
and  bright  as  if  rain  had  been  falling  for  their 
special  use  any  time  desired  for  months,  instead  of 
not  having  even  a  shower.  There  were  also  two  large 
stands  of  pompon  Dahlias,  so  very  useful  for  cutting 
purposes,  but  Messrs.  Saunders  had  also  twenty-four 
spikes  of  Gladiolus — gandavensis  varieties. 

Messrs.  Power  ij'  Sons,  seedsmeji,  Waterford  and 
Newton  Kurscrks. — This  enterprising  firm  had  adjoin- 
ing also  a  special  exhibit,  not  for  competition,  of 
single  and  double  Begonias  (tuberous)  blooms,  and 
also  two  dozen  remarkably  well-grown  trusses  of 
single  and  double  Pelargoniums,  the  whole  very 
creditable  to  this  old-established  firm. 

The  Marchioness  of  Waterford'' s  Collection  (not  for 
competition). — This  was  also  a  special  feature  of  the 
show,  and  occupied  the  whole  centre  of'one  of  the 
principal  marquees,  reflecting  great  credit  on  the 
Marquis's  head  gardener,  Mr.  Tucker  ;  and  as  the 
exhibits  were  presented  for  the  benefit  of  the  show 
fund,  hurried  reference  could  hardly  sufficiently  realise 
the  superior  merits  of  the  cut  blooms,  which  included 
Orchids  and  stove  subjects,  Lilium  auratum,  Bou- 
gainvillea  glabra  sprays,  Tea  Roses,  Stocks,  Asters, 
Zinnias,  &c.,  with  a  fine  collection  of  fruit,  such  as 
Smooth  Cayenne  Pine-apples,  black  and  white 
Grapes,  Currants  in  variety.  Cucumbers,  Melons,  &c. 
Before  parting  from  the  special  exhibits  and  special 
prizes  this  may  be  the  proper  place  to  note  that 
Messrs.  Sutton,  the  eminent  and  extensive  seed 
growers,  of  the  Royal  Berkshire  Seed  Establishment, 
Reading,  ofi'ered  three  handsome  prizes  for  the  best 
collection  of  vegetables. 

We  now  come  to  the  compet  ng  exhibits  in  the 
several  sections,  and  propose  noting  the  most  meri- 
torious : — Mr.  J.  A.  Calthorpe,  for  the  President,  the 
Hon.  Dudley  Fortescue,  was  more  than  ordinarily 
successful  in  the  several  sections,  getting  1st 
prize  for  well-grown  specimens  of  exotic  Perns, 
including  Adiantum  Farleyense,  Gymnogramma,  and 
Lomaiias;  1st  prize  for  greenhouse  plants  with  or- 
namental foliage,  such  as  Croton  nobilis  variegatus, 
and  highly  coloured  Dractenas.  This  Croton  gained 
him  the  1st  prize  for  the  best  plant  in  the  show.  Also 
1st  prize  for  somewhat  similar  stove  and  green- 
house plants  in  the  Miscellaneous  Collection,  and  1st 
for  a  healthy  specimen  Tree  Fern,  Lomaria  gibba  : 
while  his  Coleus  and  Caladiums,  after  close  compe- 
tition, still  maintained  the  premier  place  for  size. 
Joseph  Malcomson,  Esq.  (Mr.  Noenan,  gi\),  was 
a  good  competitor  in  the  foregoing  plant  classes, 
and  coming  1st  for  tuberous  Begonias  and  Fuchsias, 
and  2nd  for  stove  plants  and  Coleuses,  very 
well  coloured.  Lady  Carew  (Mr.  O'Brien),  AVoods- 
town,  got  1st  for  Lilium  lancifolium,  and  2nd  for 
good  tuberous  Begonias.  The  premier  place  for 
single  zonals  and  new  Ivy-leaf  Pelargoniums,  after 
close  competition,  went  to  W.  King,  Esq.,  Mount 
Pleasant  (Mr.  N.  Power).  The  judges  in  the  zonal 
classes  strongly  recommended  the  disuse  of  sticks, 
standing  porcupine-like  all  around  the  specimen 
plants. 

The  next  section  was  cut  flowers,  and  this  seemed 
the  only  one  somewhat  behind  former  years  ;  but 
this  was  readily  accounted  for  by  the  extraordinary 
dry  season,  especially  Roses,  Dahlias,  and  Pansies, 
which  on  many  former  occasions  were  special  features 
here. 

Fruit  Section. — Mr.  Calthorpe  carried  away  1st 
prize  for  Black  Hamburgh,  Black  Alicante  (magni- 


ficently coloured  and  grown),  and  White  Muscat  of 
Alexandria.  Mrs.  Malcomson,  from  Ballinakill 
House  (Mr.  Noonan),  had  as  large  and  as  fine 
Peaches  as  the  judges  ever  saw,  but  they  unfortu- 
nately got  badly  bruised  in  transit,  and  Mr.  King 
came  thus  1st.  The  Melons,  both  scarlet  and  green- 
fleshed,  were  highly  creditable,  Mr.  Calthorpe  having 
a  specimen  of  Carter's  Blenheim  Orange  that 
would  have  gained  a  prize  at  any  show,  while  Mr.  J. 
Malcomson *s  green-fleshed  got  similar  honours.  He 
also  had  1st  prize  for  ilorello  Cherries  and  green- 
fleshed  Gooseberries. 

Vegetables  here  also  are  always  a  strong  feature, 
wnd  even  in  such  an  unprecedentedly  dry  season  as 
this  has  been,  there  were  in  some  classes  as  many  as 
six  and  seven  competitors. 

Reports  are  also  to  hand  of  the  Devon  and  Exeter, 
Worcestershire  Horticultural  Societies'  and  other 
shows  which  are  unavoidably  held  over  till  next  week 
on  account  of  the  pressure  on  our  space. 


The  Weather. 


[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees — a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperatdrb. 

Above  or 
below    the 
Mean  for 
the    week 
ending 
Aug.  22. 

ACOUMUI^TEI}. 

Districts. 

Above  42"  difference 
from  Mean  since  Jan, 

4.  1887. 
Below  42°  difference 
from  Mean  sinceJan. 

4,  1887. 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Day- 
deg. 

Day- 
deg. 

Day-     Day- 
deg.  1  deg. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

4  below 

61 

0 

+  164  +    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.     ... 

3  below 

74 

0 

+  I87I+     41 

3.  England,  N.E.... 

3  below 

88 

0 

+  133'+    83 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

5  below 

100 

0 

-      7  +  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

5  below 

96 

0 

+    33 

+  166 

5.  England,  S. 

1  below 

110 

0 

—    17 

+  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland.  W.   ... 

4  below 

77 

0 

+    73+    47 

7.  England.  N.W.... 

5  below 

92 

0 

+    60  +  118 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

3  below 

109 

0 

+    78  +  172 

9.  Ireland,  .N .       ... 

3  below 

91 

0 

+  2271+    23 

10.   laELAND,  S. 

3  below 

101 

0 

+  253  +    97 

—  Channel  IsLAifDS 

1  below 

132 

0 

+    58+    77 

Kainfall. 

Bbiqht 

SjrasmsE. 

Districts. 

9. 

■^  0 

■as 

•SB  S 

5ii 

fell 

ill 
s.  ■§ 

Principal    Wheat^pro- 
ducing  Districts. 

Tenths   of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

2  less 

140 

23.9 

17 

24 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

1  less 

103 

12.5 

21 

34 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

0  (aver.) 

90 

8.4 

25 

34 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

1  more 

S3 

9.6 

33 

43 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

1  less 

79 

10.0 

35 

38 

5.  England,  S. 

3  more 

77 

9.9 

38 

43 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  SoOTLAJfD,  W.    ... 

5  less 

107 

20.6 

32 

37 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

3  less 

SI 

12.3 

34 

39 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

5  less 

82 

11.3 

64 

49 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

3  less 

106 

16.7 

33 

3d 

LO.  Ireland,  S. 

2  less 

88 

14.1 

36 

42 

—  Channel  Islands 

1  less 

91 

10.0 

65 

64 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Aug.  22,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  toeathcr  was  in  a  dull,  cold  and  unsettled 
condition  during  the  earlier  part  of  the  period,  with 
very  violent  thunderstorms  in  many  parts  of  England, 
and  storms  of  less  severity  over  Ireland  and  Scotland 
also.  Towards  the  end  of  the  week,  however,  the 
weather  became  fine  and  dry  again  in  all  parts  of 
the  kingdom. 

"  The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean  very 
generally,  the  deficit  ranging  from  1°  in  the 
'  Channel  Islands  '  to  between  3°  and  5°  in  all  the 
other  districts.  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which 
were  recorded  at  most  stations  on  the  22nd,  ranged 
from  63°  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'  and  67°  in  '  Scotland,  W.,' 
to  76°  in  '  England,  E.,'  and  the  '  Midland 
Counties.'  The  absolute  minima,  which  were 
registered  on  somewhat  irregular  dates,  were  again 
low  for  the  season,  ranging  from  34°  to  39°  in  Scot- 
land, from  36°  to  38^  in  Ireland,  and  from  35°  to 
40°  over  England.  In  the  '  Channel  Islands'  the 
lowest  reading  was  50°. 

"The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  in  the 
east  and  south  of  England,  and  equal  to  it  in 
'England,  N.E..' but  in  all  other  parts  of  the  king- 
dom it  has  been  less  than  the  mean. 

"  Br-ujht  sunshine  shows  a  decrease  in  nearly  all 
districts,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  ranging  from  17  to  32  in  Ireland,  from  25 
to  65  over  the  Channel  Islands,  and  from  33  to  36 
in  Ireland." 


MEAN  TEMPERATURE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
ING THE  WEEK  ENDING  SEPT.  3.  (AVERAGE  OF 
FORTY-THREE  YEARS.) 


Aug.28   ... 

...    60°.7 

Sept.  1   ... 

..    600.0 

„    29   ... 

...    60''.5 

„     2   ... 

..    69°.8 

„    30   ... 

...    60°.4 

„      3   ... 

..    .W.S 

„    31    ... 

...    60''.2 

Mean  for  the 

week 

.   eo^.a 

Enquiries. 


"  He  that  questionetk  miick  shall  learn  mtich." — Bacon. 

Roses  Under  Glass. — I  have  just  room  to  plant 
two  Roses  under  glass  to  train  on  a  trellis  for  cut 
blooms  for  market.  Will  one  of  your  practical  cor- 
respondents name  two  of  the  very  best  ?  They  must 
be  free  growers,  and  nice  in  the  bud,  equal  to 
Marechal  Niel,  but  of  a  different  colour.  I  grow  the 
following  kinds,  therefore  do  not  want  any  more  of 
them: — Marechal  Niel,  Climbing  Devoniensis,  Som- 
breuil,  Isabella  Sprunt,  and  Niphetos.  Should  like 
different  colours  to  what  I  already  have.  Market 
Grower. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


\*  Correspondents  will  greatly  oblige  by  sending 
early  intelligence  of  local  events  likely  to  be  of 
interest  to  our  readers,  or  which  it  is  desirable  to 
bring  under  the  notice  of  horticulturists.  Photo- 
graphs of  gardens,  or  of  remarkable  plants,  trees, 
&c.,  are  also  solicited. 

Intelligent  Readees,  do  please  Note  that  letters 
relating  to  Advertisements,  or  to  the  supply  of 
the  Paper,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Purlisher, 
and  that  all  communications  intended  for  publica- 
tion, as  well  as  specimens  and  plants  for  naming, 
should  be  addressed  to  the  Editor.  Such  com- 
munications should  be  written  on  one  side  only 
of  the  pafer,  and  sent  as  early  in  the  week  as  pos- 
sible. Correspondents  sending  newspapers  should 
be  careful  to  mark  the  paragraphs  they  wish  the 
Editor  to  see.      

AiLANTUs  :  A,  H.  This  tree  is  producing  fruit  in 
many  places  this  year,  but  as  the  male  flowers  are 
in  general  not  produced  the  seeds  do  not  ripen. 

American  Blackberries. — Two  of  our  correspondents 
send  samples  of  the  fruit  of  the  variety  Wilson, 
Junior.  It  is  evidently  very  productive,  and  likely 
to  be  useful  for  market  purposes,  as  we  are  assured 
that  the  fruits  have  fetched  at  Leicester  6f?.  the 
half-pound  punnet. 

Bplb  Mites  :  Sithscriber.  Your  Roman  Hyacinths 
are  swanning  with  mites. 


260 


THE     GAEDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[August  27,  1887. 


BuENT  Leaves  :  W.  J.  I.  The  ochre  in  the  water 
would  not  produce  any  Buch  effect.  The  leaves 
appear  to  us  to  have  been  burnt  by  the  sun  when 
they  are  wet. 

Fuchsia  :  F.  It  looks  like  an  early  cross  with  Ric- 
cartoni,  and  now  discarded  as  not  hardy. 

Gooseberries  :  South  Hants.  The  fruits  were  in 
bad  condition  wlien  we  were  able  to  attend  to 
them.  Your  better  plan  will  be  to  send  them  to 
some  nurseryman  wlio  grows  a  large  selection. 

Insects  ;  G.  F.  The  insect  which  has  proved  so 
destructive  in  your  Cattleya-house  is  a  grass- 
hopper imported  from  South  America,  occasion- 
ally found  here  in  green  and  hothouses  (Copio- 
phora  cornuta,  Ga7-dencrs*  Chronicle, 188i,  Aug.  16). 
Your  insect  resembles  the  first  of  the  two  figures 
here  referred  to,  being  an  immature  female,  the 
larger  figure  representing  a  full-grown  female. 
/.  0.  W. — W.  M.  The  insects  sent,  found  on  a 
young  Oak,  are  the  immature  caterpillars  of  one 
of  the  moths  of  the  family  Geometridie,  or  loopers, 
which  have  been  killed  by  Ichneumon  parasites, 
which  have  burst  out  of  their  bodies  and  spun 
their  white  cocoons,  which  remained  attached 
thereto.  I.  0.  W.—J.  B.  The  nest  of  a  leaf-cutter 
bee,  of  which  there  are  several. — T.  B.  J.  A  saw- 
fly,  but  not  the  Pear  sawfly. — G.  Barham.  Sirex 
gigas.  See  Gardcn^'rs'  Chronicle,  August  13,  for 
fLgme.— North  Shields.  The  Pear  leaves  are  eaten 
by  the  grub  of  the  Pear  Sawfly.  The  hairy  cater- 
pillar is  one  of  the  common  ones,  the  name  of 
which  we  do  not  remember  at  the  moment. 

Melons:  J.  H.  S.  Your  Melon  is  a  large  one.  but 
we  have  a  record  of  one  weighing  32  11>.  <  )f 
course  the  relative  weight  depends  on  the  sort  of 
Melon. 

Names  of  Fedit  :  W.  McK.  We  have  not  been 
able  to  identify  your  specimen. 

Names  of  Plants:  //  tf"  C.  Genista  anglica. — 
T.  H.  W.  Ituscus  hypoglossum,  similar  to  tlie 
Alexandrian  Laurel. — P.  W.  Send  better  speci- 
men, properly  packed.  —  T.  ^  P.  Eupliorbia 
lathyris — a  weed,  but  a  handsome  one.  It  is  said 
that  the  young  seed-vessels  have  been  used  as 
Capers,  hence  the  name  Caper  Spurge  ;  but  as  the 
plant  is  poisonous,  we  do  not  advise  you  to  try, 
except  on  the  limited  liability  plan. — H.  S.  Phy- 
tolacca decandra. — 0.  P.  J).  1,  Adiantum  con- 
cinnumlutum  ;  2,  Asclepias  curassaoica;  3,  Fuchsia 
fulgens  ;  4,  Croton  variegatus. —  JV.  W.  A  good 
variety  of  Oncidium  Lanceanum. — McP.  Poly- 
gonum amplexicaule,  and  Veronica  parviflora. 

Palms  :  C.  U.  The  judges  were  quite  right,  unless 
there  was  something  in  the  schedule  to  allow  of 
its  being  exhibited  as  a  Palm.  A  Cycad  is  not  a 
Palm. 

Pelargonium  :   T.  A.  H.    Not  remarkable. 

Potato:  Camjce.  Without  seeing  an  unboiled  spe- 
cimen we  cannot  answer  your  question.  We  pre- 
sume it  is  a  stage  of  the  Potato  disease. 

Soda  as  Manure  :  A.  F.  G.     Of  no  use. 

Te-\sels  and  CEnothera  :  J.  C.  The  seeds  of  the 
Teasel  were  probably  brought  in  with  manure  or 
soil.  We  utterly  disbelieve  that  the  one  has 
turned  into  the  other,  as  yon  suppose. 

Tomatos  Diseased:  IF.  The  disease  in  Tomatos 
has  been  brought  about  by  injuries  to  and  per- 
foration of  the  membrane.  A  very  common 
fungus  of  fruit,  viz.,  Penicillium  crustaceum,  has 
gained  and  attacked  the  interior  from  these  fissures. 
The  interior  of  the  Tomatos  is  infested  with 
spawn,  and  the  Penicillium  is  fruiting  round  the 
old  cracks  and  openings.  Many  fungi,  as  the  one 
mentioned  above,  are  powerless  to  injure  fruit, 
unless  it  has  been  previously  bruised,  cracked,  or, 
perhaps  slightly  bitten  by  an  insect ;  the  fungus 
then  grows  on  and  in  the  wound,  and  speedily 
brings  about  entire  putrefaction  of  the  fruit, 
>r.  G.  S. 

Tomatos  :  Several  correspondents  send  us  specimens 
of  Tomato  fruits  in  various  stages  of  ripening,  but 
all  having  a  circular  jmtchof  dead  tissue  at  the  top 
of  the  fruit.  At  first  we  considered  this  to  have 
been  the  result  of  bruising  or  of  scalding,  but  the 
numerous  cases  sent  us  ])reclude  such  a  supposi- 
tion. We  find  no  evidence  of  the  special  Tomato 
fungus.     See  answer  to  "  W." 

Tbagopooon  :  F.  H.  W.  We  should  expect  eccen- 
tricities from  your  locality.  The  diagnosis  is  pro- 
lification  of  the  inflorescence  and  virescence  of  the 


flower.     Such  changes  are  not  uncommon  in  this 
plant. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

G.  &  W.  H.  BuRCH,  Fadholme  Road  Nursery,  Peter- 
borough— Roses. 

Damman  &  Co.,  San  Giovanni  a  Teducio,  Naples — ■ 
Seeds  of  Novelties  in  Vegetables  and  Flowers. 

Hogg  &  Wood,  Coldstream  and  Dunse,  N.B. — Bulb- 
ous Roots. 

Kent  &  Brydon,  Darlington — Flowering  Bulbs,  &c. 

W.  B.  Hartland,  24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork,  Ireland 
— Original  Little  Book  of  Daffodils,  &c. 

Viccars  Collyer  &  Co.,  Glenfield,  Leicester — 
Autumn  Catalogue. 


Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Communications  Received.— a.  M'L.— H.  v.— L.— A.  McK. 
— T.  L.— E.  B.— Jfcjor  Hallett.— V.  C.  &  Co.— T.  A.,  Rath- 
drum.— \V.  J.  H.— J.  H.  H.,  Trinidad.—.!.  Q.,  Deraerara.— 
W.  T.  T.  D.— W.  W.—J.  R..  Paris.  -C.  N.— K..  Berlfn.— F. 
&  M.,  Melbourne.— C.  H.  W.— T.  J.— W.  &  S.— O.  &  M.— 
E.  C— R.  S.— W,  E.— G.  H.  R.— R.  O.— A.  Scot  (send  your 
address).— D.  C.  P.— F.  M.  (thanks).- R.  P.— F.  S.  &  Co.— 
B.  S.  W.— E.  Bonavia.— H.  W. 


DIED,  on  the  4th  ult.,  at  Setley,  Brockenhurst, 
Hants,  aged  seventy-six,  Mr.  Wm.  Perkins,  many 
years  Gardener  to  John  Morant,  Esq.,  of  Brocken- 
hurst Park.     Greatly  respected. 


ARKET8. 


COVENT  GARDEN,  Aurjiist  23. 

[We  cannot  accept  any  editorial  responsibility  for  the  subjoined 
reports,  which,  however,  are  furnished  to  us  regularly 
every  Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  scvenil  of  the  principal 
salesmen,  who  revise  the  list,  nn  I  ivlm  ir- r.  imnsible  tor  Ihe 
quotations.  It  must  be  reni'in'  ■•  I"  ii  t '■  ^r  quotations 
repn-sent  averages  for  the  w<.  :,  ;.  .     iii.    date  of  our 

report.  The  prices  depend  ujimi  i,,.  ..i,  .,  i  .  >i[  ihe  samples, 
the  supply  in  the  market,  iuul  tli.\  llu.  tuate,  not  only 
from  day  to  day,  but  often  several  time.,  in  one  day,  and 
therefore  the  prices  quoted  as  averages  for  the  past  week 
must  not  be  taken  aa  indicating  the  particular  prices  at 
any  particular  date,  and  still  less  can  they  be  taken  as 
guides  to  the  prices  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Trade  very  quiet,  and  prices  lower.  James  Wehher, 
Wholesale  Apple  Market, 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 
s.d.s.d. 
Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6  0-18  0 
Asters,  per  dozen  ...  4  0-  6  0 
Balsams,  per  dozen...  3  0-60 
Calceolaria,  dozen  ...  4  0-  9  0 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4  0-12  0 
Dracaena  tenninalis, 

per  dozen 30  0-60  0 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9  0-24  0 
Euonymus.  in    var., 

per  dozen 6  0-18  0 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen 6  0-24  0 

Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

dozen         4  0-18  0 

Ficus  elastica.  each  .16-70 
Foliage  plants, 


ous. 


.  2  0-10  0 


Fnchsiiis,  doz.  ...  3  0-  9  0 
Heliotrope,  dozen  ...  4  0-  8  0 
Hydrfingeas,  doz.  ...  9  0-12  0 
Lilium  longiflorum, 

per  dozen 18  0-24  0 

lancifolium,   per 


9  0-18  0 

3  0-40 

4  0-60 
2  0-40 
6  0-12  0 

each  2  6-21  0 
dozen  6  0-12  0 

—  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 

—  Ivy-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
Rhodanthe,  dozen  ...  6  0-  9  0 
Scented  Verbeua.doz.  4  0-60 


Lobelias,  dozen 
Mignonette,  doz.    . 
Musk,  per  dozen 
Myrtles,  per  dozen 


Cut  Flowers.- Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons.  12  bun  ...  2  0-  4  0 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  3  0-50 
Asters.  12  bunches...  3  0-40 

—  French,  per  bun.  10-20 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  0  6-10 
Carnations,  12  blms.  0  6-10 

—  dozen  bunches...  3  0-60 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  10-20 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  3  0-60 
Gardenias.  12  blooms  3  0-60 
Heliotropes,  12  spr.  0  6-10 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  0  6-09 
Lili> 


12  blooms  . 


...  3  0-60 
u,12bl.  16-20 
Lavender.  12  bun.  ...  4  0-50 
Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  0-60 

Vegetables— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Mignonette,  12  bun.  1  0-  ; 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...2  0-: 
Pelargoniums,  12spr.  0  6-  1 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  4-  ( 
Pinks,   coloured  and 

white,  12  bun.  ...  2  0-  < 
Primulas,  double,  12 

spravs       0  9-1 

Pyrethrnm,  12  bun...  2  0-  ( 
Roses.  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-  1 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6-  1 

—  red.perdozen  ...06-] 

—  Saffrauo,  dozen...  0  6-  ( 
Stcphanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-  '. 
TropiEolnms,  12  bun.  1  0-  ; 
Tuberoses,  12  bUns....  0  6-  : 


■..d. 


Artichokes,  p.  doz. 
Aubergines,  each    ...  0  4-  ... 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  1  t)-  2  0 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Celery,  per  bundle...  16-20 
Cucumbers,  each     ...0  6-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  ...  3  0-  ... 
Green  Mint,  bunch...  0  4-  ... 
Herbs,  per  bunch    ...  0  4-  ... 
Leeks,  per  bunch 
Lettuce,  per  dozen 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each 


>nious,  l)er  bushel 
'arsley,  per  bunch 

Putjitos,  per  cwt. 

kidney. percwt.  4  0- 

Shallot.s,  per  lb.      ...  0  3- 

Spinach,  per  bushel...  5  0- 

Sprue,  bundle         ...  1  0- 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     ...  0  9- 

Turnips.  new.  bunch  0  8- 

Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2- 

POTATOS. — Jerseys  about  finished.     Kent?,  2s.  6rf.  to  is. 

bushel;  Cherbourgs.  4s.  to  6s. ;  Roses,  hs.  to  6s. ;  Beaut 

6s.  to  7s.  per  cwt.    Markets  heavy. 


,03-. 


0  3-. 


0  4-  . 
4  0-  . 

0  6-  . 

1  6-  . 
4  0-  ! 


Apples,  i-sieve  ...  13-36 
Plums,  J-sieve  ...  3  0-40 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  0  9-  1  6 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  0  6-  1  0 
Kent  Filberts,  100  lb..35  0-40  0 


Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  each  ...  10-20 

Peaches,  dozen  ...  1  0-  6  0 
Pine-apples,Eng.,lb.  10-30 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-60 


SEEDS. 


London:  Aui/ust  24. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London  E.G., 
write,  that  sowing  operations  would  be  gi'catly 
stimulated  by  m(  re  rain.  Trifolium  incarnatum, 
both  early  and  late  varieties,  continues  in  strong 
demand  :  higher  prices  are  now  asked,  as  supplies 
are  running  short.  The  trade  for  white  Mustard  and 
Rape  seed  is  active.  Winter  Tares  sell  freely,  and 
Rye  also  has  a  brisk  demand  at  firmer  rates.  Italian 
Rye-grass,  both  home-grown  and  foreign,  is  in  special 
favour  this  season.  There  is  rather  more  doing  in 
Canary  seed.  Hemp  remains  without  change. 
Linseed  quiet.  More  attention  is  devoted  to  blue 
briling  Peas. 

CORN. 

Averages. — Ofiicial  statement  showing  the  average 
price  of  British  corn,  imperial  measure,  in  the  week 
ended  August  20  :— Wheat,  32s.  ;  Barley,  23*.  lid.; 
Oats,  165.  4f/.  For  the  corresponding  week  in  1886 : 
—Wheat,  32s.  7d. ;  Barley,  22s.  id. ;  Oats,  21s.  id. 


FRUIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

CoLUMHiA  (East  London)  :  Aufftist  26.  —  Good 
supply  of  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables,  with  a  fairly 
good  demand  at  moderate  prices.  Potato  trade  fairly 
active.  Quotations: — Fruit;  Plums,  Is.  Gd.  to  3s. 
per  half-sieve  ;  Green  Gages,  2s.  to  3s.  Gd.  do.  ; 
Apples,  Is.  Gd.  to  3s.  Gd.  per  bushel;  extra  large 
ditto,  3s.  Gd.  to  6s.  do.  ;  Pears,  2s.  to  65.  do.  ; 
Tomatos,  2s.  to  4s.  per  dozen  pounds  ;  Cabbages, 
3s.  to  7s.  per  tally;  French  Beans,  5s.  to  6s.  per 
bushel ;  Scarlet  Beans,  5s.  Gd.  to  6s.  do. ;  Broad 
Beans,  Is.  3d.  to  2s.  do. ;  frame  Cucumbers,  3s.  to 
5s.  per  dozen  ;  field  ditto,  Gd.  to  9i?.  do. ;  Vegetable 
Marrows,  Is.  to  Is.  Gd.  do. ;  Onions,  2s.  to  3s.  Gd.  per 
dozen  bunches ;  Turnips,  4s.  to  8s.  do.  ;  Carrots, 
3s.  Gd.  to  4s.  6(/.  do. ;  Mint,  2s.  to  2s.  Gd.  do  ;  Parsley, 
2s.  to  2s.  Gd.  do. ;  Lettuces,  Gd.  to  Is.  per  score. 

Stratford  :  August  23. — A  brisk  trade  has  been 
done  at  the  undermentioned  quotations : — Cabbages, 
4s.  Gd.  to  6s.  Gd.  per  tally  ;  Greens,  3s,  to  3s.  Gd.  per 
dozen  ;  Turnips,  3s.  to  3s.  Gd.  per  dozen  bunches  ; 
Carrots,  household,  3s.  to  3s.  Gd.  do. ;  Mangels  (new), 
30s.  to  32s.  Gd.  per  ton ;  English  Onions,  25.  to 
2s.  6f^.  per  bushel ;  Dutch,  45.  per  bag ;  Apples, 
2s.  Gd.  to  4s.  Gd.  per  bushel ;  Pears,  35.  to  7s.  do. ; 
Green  Gages,  Is.  9rf.  to  2s.  Gd..  round  basket;  do. 
3s.  3d.  to  4s.  per  flat ;  Plums,  English,  3s.  to  6s.  Gd. 
per  half-sieve. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  August  23.  —The 
breaking-up  of  the  drought  has  rather  depressed  the 
market,  and  quotations  are  easier,  though  the  sup- 
plies have  not  been  heavy.  Reports  indicate  favour- 
ably of  the  late  tubers.  Quotations  :— Essex  Regents, 
lOOs.  to  1405.;  Roses,  100s.  to  130s. ;  Hebrons,  110s. 
to  150s.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  August  24. — Quotations: 
Early  Rose,  55.  Gd.  to  6s. ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  5s.  Gd. 
to  6s.  Gd. ;  Magnum  Bonums,  5s.  Gd.  to  6s.  Gd. ;  Re- 
gents, 6s.  to  7s. ;  Myatt's  kidneys,  5s.  to  5s.  6d. 
per  cwt. 

Stratford  :  August  23.  —  Quotations :  —  Early 
Rose,  110s.  to  126s.  ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  I20s.  to 
I40s. ;  Regents,  90s.  to  lIOs ;  Magnums,  80s.  to 
llOs.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week 
consisted  of  486  boxes  from  Malta,  and  6,^0  jiackages 
from  Bordeaux. 

HAY. 

Averages. — The  following  are  the  averages  of  the 
prices  obtained  at  the  various  metropolitan  markets 
during  the  past  week  : — Clover,  prime,  90s.  to 
I02s.  Gd. :  inferior,  65s.  to  84s.  ;  hay,  prime,  70s. 
to  95s. ;  inferior,  50s.  to  65s. ;  and  straw,  28s.  to  42s. 
per  load. 


August?  27,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


261 


PEAT   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
adilres3,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Masc  il  Estate.  BTorth  Cray,  Kent. 

CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs,  Aphis,  Lice.  Red  Spider.  Thrip,  Mealy 

Bug,  Caterpillars,  do.,  &c. 
DCDrcrTI  V  1   t*^  the  Hands  and  Skin,  but  Trill  cure 
rcnrcuiLl        Kiu<,„onn  in  Animals,  and  all  Disoasea 
HARMLESS   )  produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  combinatiim  of  Ilvdiocnrbon  Oils,  made  soluble  in 
Water,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  the  Roots  or 
on  the  Foliaf^e. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  fTifmists.  Is.Gd,  ?s.ed.  &  ls.6d; 


;d,  1  ( 


r.d,  or  less  m  \i. 


NSECTICIDE, 
nt  Post  free 


A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL 
Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals.  ■ 
on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale:  Hoopek  i- Co. ,  OiRnT.  Soper.  FowLEn  &  Co.; 
C.  E.  OsM.\y  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chants and  Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses.  NEW 
YORK— HoLKEB  &  Sons. 

HUGHES' Fir  TREE  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 

T/iroics  a  fine 
,^prai/  20  ft.,  and 
a  Jet  30  ft.,  zcith 
great  force. 

A  splendid 
substitute  for  the 
Si/rinffefor  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
'2,js.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
purposes,  45.s. 
Carriag'e  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

W^APHICIDE 


Glass  Houses.  HI  vJ  Wl  11 1 0 

GREEN&  CREAM  COLOR  SHADING 


Convenient,  Inexpensive— Easily  applied —  Lasts  all  the 
Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  off.    Is.,  post  1/3. 
For  Fixing  Bloom  of  Azaleas, 
&c..  and  for  Cut  tlowers. 


HUGHES' 
FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  great  boon  t*--  Florists  and  all  lovers  of  Flowers.    Dries 
instantly.     Sold  in  buttles.  Is.  &  25.     I'er  post  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Preventing  Vines  Bleeding-  after  Pruning'. 
Very  effectual  in  preventing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

■wasted.    In  bottles  1/6  and  2,'6.    Per  post,  3d.  extra. 
For  Destroying  Beetles,  Cockroaches,    UIIOUCC 
Crickets,  Bugs,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &c.    nUwllLw 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  effectual  in  Greenhouses,— for  Animals  and  Bed 
Clothing.    Price,  6d.,  Is.  &  2/6.    Per  post  3d.  extra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  ^EiiS^'^ 

VOTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  MANCHESTER 


w 


ASPS.— DAVIS'S  AVASP  DESTROYER 

11  rid  any  place  of    these  pests  instantaneously. 
:als._l5._6rf.  and  2.^.  6d.  per  bottle:  post-free,  Is.  9rf. 


and  2s.  lOd.—H.  K.  DAVLS.  Ye 


WASP  DESTROYER  (Scott's),  the  original 
preparation.with  a  world-wide  reputation.  Manufactured 
only  by  J,  SCOTT.  Royal  Seed  Stores,  Yeovil.  Price  free  1/9  &  2/9. 


WASPS 

Ask  your  Chem 
for  the  INSTAM 
ANEOUS  DEAI'll 
TO  WASPS,  s.l, 
Wholesale  by  HA  K 
CLAY  ANU  SO.N 
Farringdon  Street 
London,  E.C.  Pric. 
'2s.  Gd,  and  35.  6</. 


"WASPS  I 


mouth  of  the  hole, 
and  the  Wasps  will 
commence  to 

DIE 
IMjrEDIATELY'. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  I'KIZE  .Medals. 
Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  be.st  brown  tibrous    ...    ,Ss.  per  sack  ;  6  sacks  for  22s.  Gd. 

PEAT,  best  black  hbrous      ...   4s.  tit/.    „         5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s,  6d.    ,,        5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOiVM.  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     "i 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  J 

SILVER  SAND,  cOiirse,  Is.  6d.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton, 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    8d:  lb.,  28  lb.  ISs. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialite)      M.  lb.,  28  lb.  18j. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  JUUtrack         '  ■      -    - 

CHUBB'S  "  PERFECT  "FER- 
TILISER, the  Best  Food 
all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flow 
Fruits,  Vegetabli 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only 


nest  AU 

ER-I 

iforf 


71b.  141b.  281b.  561b.  i  cwt. 
1/6  3/-  5/-  8/-  14/-  22/- 
1/2  2/-  3/6  6/-  12/- 
—  3/-  5/6  10/6  17/- 
HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  6d.  per  bushel. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  Is.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  175. ; 
30  sacks,  255. ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Ttrmn,  strictly  Ca^ih  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON.  E. 


THE       ACME 


Safe  and  Sure, 

WEED-KILLER,  for  destroying  Weeds  on  Carriage  Drives, 
Garden  Walks.  Stable  Yards,  &c.  Prices :— Per  gallon,  2s., 
tins  included  ;  5  gallons.  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallons.  Is.  id. 
per  gallon.     One  gallon  makes  26  gallons. 

WORM-KILLER,  for  eradicating  worms  from  Tennis 
Courts,  Lawns,  and  Plairts  in  Puts,  Prices :— In  bottles. 
Is.  3d.  and  2s.  6d ;  per  gallen,  6s. 

THE     '*  INVICTA "     INSECTICIDE. 

For  destroying  insects  and  parasites,  such  as  mealy-bug. 
scale,  thrips,  red  spider,  Amoricau  blight,  &c.  In  tins,  Is.  'Sd. 
and  2s.  Gd. ;  per  gallon,  9s. 

The  *' INVICTA"  MILDEW  DESTROYER 


Soh  Proprietors  and  Mnnvfacturers, 

THE  AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY, 

TONBRIDGE,  KENT. 

Sold  by   Seedsmen  and   Florists. 

Note.— There  is  no  branch  of  our  business  at  Glasgow  or 

elsewhere,  and  we  are  not  connected  with  any  company  of  a 

similar  name. 


JENSEN'S 

Every  grain  fertilizes  because   the  Gaano  is  perfectly 
pure.     It  is  most  economical,  one  part  of  Manure  to 

100  parts  of  soil  being  ample  for  garden  use. 
Write  for  Pamphlet,  Testimonials  and  Instructions. 

FISHPOTASH 

Dr.  Voeloker'a  analysis  guaranteed.     FISH-POTASH 
contains  Ammonia,  Phosphates  and  Potash  in  large 
proportionB,  which    are   the    principal    elements    of 
fertilization. 

GUANO. 

2-lb.  Tins,  Is. ;  in  Bags.  71bs.,  2s. ;   14Ibs., 

4s.;  28 lbs.,  6s.  6d.;  56  lbs.,  10s.  6d.:  1  cwt., 

18s.;   2  cwt.,  30s.,  carriage  paid.    Special 

terms  for  larger  quantities. 

J.  JENSEN  &  CO.  LIMITED, 
10,  St.  Helen's  Place,  London,  E.G. 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  76a,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.C,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    DepOt;  SwanPlace, 
Old  Kent  Road.  London.  S.E. 
Telegrams — "  Floriculture.  London."    Established  1854. 

ISHURST   COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 

Gardeners   since    1859    against    Red    Spider,    Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.     1  to  2  ounces  to  the 


gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  16 

and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  i 

American  Blight.   Has  outlived  many  preparati 


ntended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes,  Is..  3s..  and  lOi.  6d." 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6d.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  Loudon. 

r^ARDEN     REQUISITES.  —  Sticlis,    LabeU, 

KX    Virgin  Cork,  Raffia,  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 

Manures,  &c.     Cheapest  Prices  of 

WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  Street.  London,  E,C. 

THOS.    W.     ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONiVOSKS,  STOURBRIDGE, 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot- water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  3d.  each; 

4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes.  9  feet  long,  4!.  6d.  each. 

Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  List  on  applicatt^m. 

W.  H.  LASCELLES  8l  CO., 

HORTICl     LTl     RAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW   LONDON,  E.C. 


W  H  LASCELLFS  and  CO  will  give  Est  mates  for  every 
descr  ption  of  HORTICl  LTl  RAL  WORK  free  of  charge,  and 
send  competent  as*,    tints  when  necessary 

LASCELLES     NEW    ROCKWORK     material    in     various 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London.  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabsfor  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. ^_^ 

Roalier's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


^HE    ABOVE   and  many  other  PATTERNS 

n  materials  of  great  durability.     The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
KITCHEN     GARDENS,     as 
they  harbour     no    Slugs    or 
Insects,  take  up  little  i 
and  once  put  down  inci 
further  labour  or  expense 


do  "grow 

quently  being  much  cheaper, 

GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E. ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E.  ,„ .. 

Agents  for  LOOKER'S  PATENT  "ACME"  FRAMES. 
PLjLNT  covers,  and  PROPAGATING  BOXES  :  also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 

Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories.  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,   for   Lining    Walls  of    Dairies, 

Larders.  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  See. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


QILVER         SAND, 

)0     fine  or  coarse  grain  aa  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Femenea. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO. — Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Whairea. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


262 


THE     GABDENERS'     CUB  ONI  CLE. 


'[AnocsT  27,  1887. 


BECKETT      BROS., 

Horticultural  Engineers,  Cielmsford. 

Apply  for  our 

Special  LIST  of  Cheap  and  Substantial Buildiiiys, 
POST-FREE. 


STEVEN      BROS     &   CO 
HOT       WATER       APPARATUS. 


4-.  UPPER  THAMES    S^     LONDON.  EC. 


"■'"nw, 


HENRY  HOPE, 


EflJHHrt^B  Horticultuml  Builder 

Hot-water  Engineer, 

65,  Lionel  St.,  Blnulngliain, 

Plans  anil  Estimates  on 

application. 

Experienced  Workmen  sent  to  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 


THE    BEST   RE.MEOi-    l-O.-J    IN JIGESTIO.N. 


CAIVaOMILE    PILLS. 


njUently  r 


nple  but  certai. 


nedv  for 

^:HNDIGESTION^::^ 

See  Testimonial,  selected  from  liundrcde  :— 

CROYDON,  18S5. 

"  Having  been  a  sufferer  from  Indi- 
gestion for  many  years,  I  am  happy  to 
say  tliat  I  have  at  last  not  only  been 
relieved  but  perfectly  cured  by  using 
Norton's  Pills,  and  confidently  recom- 
mend them  to  all  suffering  from  the  same. 
"7.   WILKINSON." 

For  other  Testimonials^  see  Monthly  Magazines. 
Sold  everywhere,  price  is.  ijrf.,  2s.  gd.  and  lis. 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P     P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 

Accidents   at   Home   and   Abroad. 

Railway  Accidents.  Employer's  Liability,  insured  against  by  the 

OAILWAY   PASSENGERS'   ASSURANCE 

X\j  COMPANY.  64,  CornhiH,  London.  Income,  £246.000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,350.000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
eettlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Office,  8.  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C.  ;  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 
WILLIAM  J.  VTAN.  Secretary. 

FREDERICK    L.    MAY   &   CO., 

(PUBLISHKHS  OF  MaY's  PllKSS  GUIDE,) 

ADVERTISING  AGENTS, 

169,  PICCADILLY. 
London.  W., 
RECEIVE  ADVERTISEMENTS   for  all   LondoD,    Provincial. 
Continental,    Colonial,    and  American    Newspapers  and  other 
Publicationa,  for  one  or  any  number  of  insertions,  and  are  pre- 
pared  to  open  accounts    with    Solicitors,    Auctioneers,    and 
Othera  on  approval  of  references. 
Special  advantages  to  Large  Advertisers. 


PORTABLE     CUCUMBER    FRAMES. 
■p     HALLIDAY     and      CU.    desire    to 

XV  •     draw  special  attention   to  their    Cucumber    Frames, 
of   which  they  always  have  a  large  stock,    ready  glazed  and 
painted.    They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutea  by  any  one. 
ed  to  any  station  in  England 


2-light  frame,    8  feet  by  6  feet  1    Tj„,viT,B    (       3  10    0 

3-lightframe.  12feetby6feetVc^^f?.|^^        5     5     0 

6-lightframe,  24feetby6feet\^^^^  ^"^^    (      10     0     0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.     Lights  and  framing  for 

brick  pita  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

B.     HALLIDAY     &     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers. 

KOYAL     HOETICULTURAL     WORKS,     JUDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent,  Mr.  H.  SEELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 
2,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 

BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
PLANT  FRAMES 

Are  always  in  stock,  ready  to  be  sent  off  on  receipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  tlie  best  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a.  proper 
manner.  The  FKAMES  are  of  l^inch  boards,  13  inches  high 
at  front,  24  inches  high  at  back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridge, 
bolted  at  the  comers,  easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The 
LIGHTS  are  2  inches  thick,  fitted  with  set-opes,  and  arranged 
to  turn  over,  back  and  front,  for  ventilating ;  the  whole  painted 
four  coats.  The  glass  is  ENGLISH  21-oz.  weight.  PACKED 
and  sent  CAIIRIAGE  PAID  to  any  station  in  England  and 
Wales,  also  to  Dublin,  Belfast,  Londonderry,  Cork,  Glasgow, 
and  stations  equivalent. 

allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No  74  —Plant  Frame     v  i 


CASH     PRICES, 

iNX-LLrpiXG    USE  OF   PACKING  CASES. 

Length.     Width.  Price. 

...     8  feet  by  6  feet  ...  £4  12     6 

...  12  feet  by  6  feet  ...  6     5     0 

lefeetby  6feet  ...  8    0    0 

20  feet  by  6  feet  ...  9  15    0 

Smaller  Frames  are  made.    See  LISTS,  post-free. 


'■LIGHT  FRAME 


CATAXOGXTES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden  Frames  in  every 
variety.  Garden  Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  every- 
thing required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  post-free  on 
application. 

ESTIMATES  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt  of  particulars. 

L-ADIES  and  GENTLEMEN  waited  upon  by  appointment 
in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

NORWICH. 

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  CLASS. 

Packages  and  packing  free, and  dchvcr,;l  to  any  Ijjndon  .Station, 

100  BCLuares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 

15  ai.     21  oz. 
13J  by    8J  for  10/-  for  14/- 

12  „  9  ,,  10/-  „  14/-  or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6, 
12  „  10  „  11/-  „  15/S  or  250  squares  ^  by  6J,  or  220 
14  „  10  ,,  13/-  „  19/-  squares,  9J  by  6A,  or  170  squares, 
14  ,,  12  „  17/6  „  24/-  9  by  7J,  or  150  squares.  10  by  8, 
12  „  12  „  13/-  „  20/-  for  lOs.  Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 
18  „  12  „  21/-  „  31/-  over  £3. 
20    „  13    .,    24/-  „  35/- 

Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  miied  for  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  bd,  per  pound.     Special  quotations 
given  for  large  ([uantities. 

J.      B.      ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND     GLASS    WAREHOI'SE, 

14,  Moor  Lane.  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.C. 


NEW  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— RUSSIA 
MATS  of  all  descriptions.  RAFFIA  FIBRE,  TOBACCO 
RAG  and  PAPER,  supplied  to  the  Trade  at  Lower  Prices  than 
any  other  firm  this  season.— MARENDAZ  aku  FISHER,  9  and 
10,  James  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


Price  6d.,  free  by  post  7d.     Obtainable  of  all  Boohsellere, 

WATER  FUR  NOTHING.     Every  House  its 
own  Water  Supply.      By  SHIRLEY  HiBBEKn. 
"  An  endless  fountain  of  immort;il  drink. 
Pouring  unto  us  from  the  heavens"  brink."— Keats. 
London  :    E.  W.  ALLE.N.  4,  Ave  Maria  Lane.  E.C. 

CoTent  Garden  Market,  W.C. 

PARTNER  \\'.VNT1']D.  ^^'hole  attention 
required.  Mu-t  be  adapted  to  tlie  bu-^ine.^i,  and  be 
eniTgetic— G.  B.,  Gardeners'  CkronicU  Olfice,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,      a     HEAD      WORKING 

GARDENER,  in  Gloucestershire,  with  Wife,  who  will 
do  the  Laundry  Work  of  a  Country  House. — Apply  by  letter  to 
K106,  Messrs.  Dawson  &  Sons,  121,' Cannon  Street,  London, E.C. 

ANTED,  a  NUHSEKY  FOREMAN,  Out- 

door.  Thoroughly  practical.  Good  character.^ 
Apply,  statin^j  age,  with  copies  of  testimonials,  salary,  &c.,  to 
JOHN  PERKINS  ASD  SON,  Billing  Road  Nurseries,  North- 
ampton^  

ANTED,  a  PROPAGATOR  of  Camellias, 

Hardy  Rliododendrons,  Conifers,  Azaleas,  &c, ;  must  be 
need  in  Cucumbers  and  Tomatos,  and  General  Nursery 
-State  age,  and  wages,  to  RIDER  BROS..  Moortown, 


w 

Work, 
Leeds. 


WANTED,  a  Man  of  good  business  habits  to 
MANAGE  aCut  Flower  and  Fruit  Shop  in  Manchester. 
Experience  in  Wreaths.  Bouquets,  &c.  Energetic  and  a  good 
Manager  of  Assistants.  A  comfortable  and  progressive  situa- 
tion.—State  wage  and  references  to  WM.  CUBKAN  AND  SON, 
Oldfield  Nursery,  Altrincham. 

ANTED,  AT  ONCE,  aJLFNIOR  COUNTER 

HAND.  Wages  21s.  per  week. — Apply,  stating  ex- 
perience and  givingreference.  BARR  and  SON,  12,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

WANTED,  good  BOUQUET  and  WREATH 
HAND.      Wages  26s.  per  week.— J.  R.   PEARSON 
AND  SONS,  Chilwell  Nurseries,  Notts. 

WANTED,  for  a  Leading  Shop,  in  one  of  the 
Largest  Provincial  Cities,  a  skillul  BOUQUETIST. 
Experienced,  energetic,  and  a  good  Manager  of  Assistants.  A 
good  salary  and  comfortable  situation  for  a  really  capable 
person. — A.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  London.  W.C. 


Vs 


/"ANTED,  a  LAD,  to  Assist  in   Stable  and 

Niir,irv.  —  WILLIA.M    HOLMES,      Frampton    Park 
.  Hacki;.-y.  London.  E. 


GARDENING    APPOINTMENT. 

Mb.  D.  J.  Smith,  late  of  Plassy  House,  h.asbeen 
appointed  Head  Gardener  to  C.  Bamfoed,  Esq., 
Broolihurst,  Broomboroiigh,  Cheshire. 


WANT     PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.~To  Advertisers,  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — /t  is  very  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  it  should  be  filled  in  payable  at  No.  42.  DRLltV  LANE, 
to  W.  RJCHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  kas  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  partictdar  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  uhose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B.—  The  best  and  safest  means  of  RemiUing  is  by  POST- 

OFFICE  ORDER. 

Letters  addressed  "  Paste  Re.'ittutte"  to  initials  or  to  fctitioiis 
Tiames  are  not  forwarded,  but  are  at  once  returned  to  the 
writers. 
NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— Jn  7nany  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements  are 
received  without  name,  address,  or  anythitig  beyond  the 
postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify  the  sender;  this 
tn  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  fre- 
quently the  sender  cannot  be  identified  at  alL 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give  their 
Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to  the  Adver- 
tisement which  they  wish  repeated. 

TC  HARD      SMITH      and      U  U. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
appliGitions  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  ami  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
fcc— St.  John's  Nu 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners.  Bailiffs,  &c. 

WM.  CUXBUSH  AND  SON  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring eitherof  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-class 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.Cutbush  &  Son,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAINU  AND  SONS,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  conti- 
dence,  energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  EstablishmenlB 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par 
ticulars  by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged. — JOHN  LAING 
AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.H. ^^ 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents 

STEWARDS,  B.YILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238,  High  Holbom.  W.C. 


AuocsT  27,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENEB8'    CHRONICLE. 


263 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  anotller  MAN,  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments. 

ARDENER(HEAD),orORCHiDGROWER. 

—Age  39.  married,  youngest  child  age  10;  tlioroiiglily 
practicil.  Good  experience.  Well  recommeuded.— HEAD 
GAKDENER.  Forest  View.  Chigwell  Row,  Essex. 

ARDENER  (Head);    age  31,  married.— A 

Lady  will  recommend  the  Advertiser  to  any  one  re- 
quiring a  trustworthy  working-man.— W.,  18,  Hillside  Grove, 
Chose  Road.  Soutliga'te,  N. 

ARDENER   (Head).— Capt.    Felly,    R.N., 
wishes  to  recommend  a  thoroughly  trustworthy  man  as 
Head   Gardener.      Many  years  experience  in  all  branches. — 
Capt.  PELLY,  R.N.,  Forest  Rise,  Walthamstow.  Essex. 

ARDENER    (Head).  —  John   Debricutt, 

for  the  last  twelve  years  Head  Gardener  to  the  late 
Sir  Hy.  Edwards.  Pye  Nest,  Halifax,  desires  a  permanent  re- 
engagement.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Excellent 
testimonials.     Reference  allowed  to  Lady  EDWARDS. 

ARDENER    (Head);    age  35,   married.— 

A   Gentleman  wishes  to  recommend  his  late  Head 

Gardener.      A  thorough  trustworthy  man.      Four  years  with 

him.      Left  through   breaking   up  of  establishment.  — D.  J., 

Park  Cottage,  Standen  Road,  Southfields,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  27,  married  when 
suited.  —  W.  Johnstone,  Uayham  Abbey  Gardens, 
Lamberhurst,  Kent,  can  highly  recommend  his  Foreman  to  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  Gardener.  Wages 
expected,  about  £65,  with  house,  &c. 

AiiDENER  (Head).— Married,  no  family; 

thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fession. Land  and  Stock,  if  required.  Can  be  highly  recom- 
mended from  present  employer. — T.  W.,  The  Gardens,  Avenue 
House,  Church  End,  Finchley,  N. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Lady  Maria   Hood 

recommends  an  experienced  man  as  Head  Gardener. 
Has  a  good  knowledge  of  the  profession  in  all  branches.  Nine- 
teen years  present  and  previous  character  as  to  abilities,  &c. — 
Walburton  House,  Arundel. 

G^  ARDENER  (Head),  where  more  are  kept, 
y  and  a  good  all-round  energetic  married  man  is  required. 
— Age  30  ;  sixteen  years'  experience  in  the  usual  requirements 
of  a  Gentleman's  establishment.  Well  recommended. — 
GARDENER,  Comptons  Lea,  Horsham,  Sussex. 

ARDENER     (Head)  ;     age   30.  —  Mr. 

Clarke,  Gardener,  Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  has  very 
great  pleasure  in  recommending  his  Foreman,  Wm.  Webber, 
to  any  Nobleman,  Lady,  or  Gentleman,  who  may  be  in  want  of 
a  thoroughly  efficient  and  trustworthy  man,  with  excellent 
references  from  previous  employers. 

ARDENER  (Head).  — Age  42,  married; 
good  testimonials  for  the  last  twenty  five  years.  Work- 
ing and  thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Been  in  good 
places  in  both  England  and  Scotland.  Three  and  a  half  years 
in  present  situation  ;  five  the  one  before.  Good  character,  ami 
can  be  well  recommeuded. — HORTUS,  Hedsor  Park,  Bourne 
End,  Maidenhead. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  three  are  kept. — Age  42.  no  family  ;  thorough  practi- 
cal. Fifteen  years  in  last  place.  Highest  references. — W.  D., 
Howe,  Eastcote,  Pinner. 

ARDENER   (Head   Working).— Age    38, 

single  ;  long  practical  experience  in  good  general  Gar- 
dening. Nine  years  in  last  situation.— GARDENER,  Mrs. 
Eastall's,  Low  Shotesham,  near  Norwich,  Norfolk. 

ARDENER  (Head  Wobking).— Age    30, 

married;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Vines,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants,  Orchids,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden. 
Abstainer.- E.  ISAACS.  Shentield  Road,  Reading. 

C"^  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  three 
1"  or  more  are  kept. — Age  48,  married,  no  family;  can 
have  first-class  testimonials  as  to  character  and  ability  from 
last  situation.— R.  LOCKHART,  Park  Cottage.  Park  Road, 
East  Moulsey,  Surrey. 

C^  ARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Age  36, 
T  married;  abstainer.  Twenty-one  years' experience  in 
the  Cultivation  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Melons,  Cu- 
cumbers, Tomatos,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Ferns,  Orchids, 
Roses,  Chrysanthemums,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  Early 
and  Late  Forcing.  Unexceptional  references  for  abilities  and 
charact<;r.— GARDENER.  Price.  Ewell  Road.  Surbiton. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  J.  C. 
Cowley,  Gardener  to  F.  G.  Tautz.  Esq.,  Studley  House, 
Shepherd's  Bush,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his  Foreman, 
Thomas  Stevens,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  prac- 
tical Gardener.  Has  had  great  experience  with  Orchids, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plan^,  Elower  and  Kitchen  Garden 
Work.  Three  years'  good  character.— T.  STEVENS,  Studley 
House,  Shepherd's  Bush,  W. 

ARDENER   (Head  Working,  or  good 

Single-handed).— Single  ;  experienced  in  both  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  character.  Total  abstainer. 
Disengaged.— H.  TOMS.  F.  Pelhnm.  Buntingford.  Herts. 

GARDENER  (Head;  where  two  or  three  are 
kept,  no  objection  to  good  Single-handed);  nge  31, 
married,  three  children.— Mr.  Jackson,  Gardener  to  J.  Lees, 
Esq.,  Berry  Hill.  Mansfield,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his 
Foreman,  J.  Thomas,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
practical  Gardener.  Nine  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer. 


/^ARDENER(HEAD,OrgOOdSlNGLE-HANDED). 
yjT     — Age  26  ;  abstainer.    Scotcli.    Eleven  years'  experience 


•T.  B.,  2,  Hearue  Road, 


GARDENER  (Head  or  Single-handed). — 
Age  33,  married  ;  thoroughly  understands  Gardening  iu 
all  its  branches.  Fivf  and  a  half  years'  good  character.— 
PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  67,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

(^ARDENER    (Head),    or   FOREMAN; 

VX  married,  two  children.— A  Lady  can  recommend  a  good 
Working  Gardener.  Has  had  good  experience,  and  can  have 
excellent  character.— STEW^UtT,  Willesbourne  Road,  Barford, 
Warwick. 

ARDENER  ;    no   family.  —  A   Gentleman 
can    recommend    a    first-class   steady    Gardener.— Mr. 
WOOD,  Rudgeway  Hou.^^e,  Eastville.  Bristol. 


G 


ARDENER.  —  Age     28,     unmarried  ; 

thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Good  references 
as  to  character  and  ability.— E.  WARREN,  Great  Abington, 
near  Cambridge. 

GARDENER.  —  Married;  practical,  expe- 
rienced in  Forcing  Fruits,  Plants,  and  ^'egetables. 
Flower  Gardening,  Renovating  Orchards,  Land,  and  Stock. 
Good  character.— EDWARD  BR(.)WN,  Gardener,  Moekluggar, 
Rochester,  Kent. 

ARDENER;    age   43.— W.    Smythe,   Head 

Gardener  to  the  late  Lord  Sondes,  Elmham  Hall,  would 
be  pleased  to  recommend  his"  late  Foreman  to  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  good  Gardener.- G.  R.,  46,  Trinity 
Road,  Peuge,  S.E. 

GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him  ;  age  36,  married,  four  children,— A  GENTLEMAN 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Ho-uses.  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes,  Melons,  Peaches,  &c.— CHARLES  CAPLING,  Bed- 
hampton  Hill,  Havant. 

GARDENER  (practical ;  Single-handed  not 
objected  to).— Age  30;  fully  competent.  Good  refer- 
ences from  present  and  previous  employers. — F.  B.,  44,  Welles- 
ley  Road,  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed).  ~  Age  28, 
married,  no  family  ;  fifteen  years'  practical  experience  in 
every  branch  of  Gardening  Stock.  Highest  references.— G., 
9,  Bury  Street,  Guildford. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  otherwise). 
—Age  26,  married  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all 
branches  of  Gardening.  Quick,  hard-working  man.  Excellent 
character,- H.,  7,  Newport  Road.  Burgess  Hill,  N.W. 

ARDENER   (Single-handed).  —  Age   25  ; 

understands  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  Stove  and 
Greenhouse  Plants.  Two  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer.— E.  HIATT,  Ham  House,  Offchurch,  Leamington. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  where 
help  is  given). — Married  when  suited.  Has  a  good 
knowledge  of  Flowers  and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Three  years' 
character.  Total  abstainer.— G .  GRACE,  Lamorbey,  near 
Bexley,  Kent. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Second). 
—Age  26,  single ;  two  years'  good  character.  Under- 
stands Stove,  Greenhouse,  Flnwerand  Kitchen  Garden. — J.  W., 
34.  Fleet  Road.  Hampstead,  N.W. 

GARDENER,  where  two  or  three  are  kept,  or 
Second  in  a  large  establishment, — Age  22,  single  ; 
five  years"  good  character.  Seveu  years'  experience.  Suburbs 
of  London  preferred.— G.  STUART,  Milton  Cottage,  Winch  ester 
Road,  Portswood,  Southampton, 

G(  ARDENER  (Second).— Age  24  ;   nine  years 
r    in  the  Gardens  of  Miles  Maclnnes.  Esq.,  M.P.,  Kicker- 
by,  Carlisle.— T.  B..  16,  MaiJa  Vale,  London,  N. 

r^  ARDENER  (Second),  where  three  or  four 

y^  are  kept. — Age  23 :  thoroughly  experienced  in  the 
Managemenf  of  Glass  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Well  recommended. 
— WOODHAilS,  Balls  Park,  Hertford. 

ARDENER  (Under).— Age  20  ;  four  years' 

experience  in  the  general  work.  Three  years  in  present 
situation.  Good  character.— J.  F.,  3.  Elm  Row,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

ARDENER  (Under).— Age  17  ;    willing  to 

Learn.      Good  reterenees.- W.  WOOD,  "Rising  Sun," 


r^  ARDENER  (Second),  where  three  are  kept, 

VJ^    or  otherwise.    Voung.  respectable.    Good  references. — 
A.  E.  SKINNER,  Westerton,  near  Chichester. 

ARDENER   (Under).  —  Age    23,    single  ; 

used  to  Kitchen  Garden  and  Lawn  Work.  Six  years' 
experience  and  good  character.— H.  NORTH,  4,  Pine  Road, 
Cricklewood. 

ARDENER    (Under).— Age  25  ;    has   had 

good  experience  both  Inside  and  Out.  Can  be  highly 
recommended  by  last  and  previous  employers. — T.  A.,  Primrose 
Cottage,  Clewer  Green,  Windsor,  Berks. 

OREMAN,    in   the    Houses.— Age   25  ;    ten 
years'  experience  at  home  and  abroad.    Good  references. 
— W.  B.  EFERrNGHAM,  Deighton  Grove,  York. 

I  ■'OREMAN,  in  a  private  establishment. — Has 
had  good  experience  in  large  establishments.   Good  refer- 
ence.—J.  W.  WAPLEY,  Chipping  Sodbury.  Gloucestershire. 

FOREMAN  ;  good. — Age  25  ;  twelve  years' 
experience.  Three  years  Foreman  in  last  place.  Good 
Plantsman,  and  well  up  in  Exhibition  Work,  Highly  recom- 
mended.—T.  S.,  Handsworth,  Sheffield. 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN,  —  Good  general  knowledge  of 
Nursery  Work,  JIarket  Plants,  Out  Flowers,  Stove, 
Greenhouse  and  Orchids.- E.  SPEED,  Bolton  Bridge,  Skipton, 
York. 

FOREMAN  (General),  in  a  good  establish- 
ment.— Four  and  a  half  years  Foreman  in  Orchids  at 
Downside,  also  first-class  reference  for  general  Gardening. — 
F.  WHITE,  Downside  Gardens,  Leatherhead. 

17  ORE  MAN,      or      PROPAGATOR     and 

X  GROWER  of  Soft-wooded  Stuff.- Thoroughly  capable. 
Twelve  years*  experience.  Good  character.- J.  DEAN,  Mill 
Lane,  Liscard,  Cheshire. 

"POREMAN     GROWER,  where   Pot    Plants, 

-I-  Ferns,  Roses,  and  Cut  Flowers,  are  required  in  quantity. 
—Fifteen  years  with  Growers  for  Covent  Garden.— C, 
7,  Frances  Street,  Woolwich. 

PROPAGATOR  (General),  or  PROPA- 
GATOR and  FOREMAN  and  PLANT  GROWER.— 
Middle-aged  ;  thoroughly  experieuced.  Well  up  in  Market 
Work.— R.  W.,  7,  Dacre  Street,^Lee,  S.E. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  for  Market, 
or  otherwise. —Age  30  ;  well  up  in  all  branches  of  the  Cut 
Flower  and  Plant  Trade.— B.  K.  E.,  7.  Gatteridge  Street, 
Banbury,  Oxon. 

ROPAGATOR,  or  under  a  Foreman.— Well 

up  in  Grafting  Rosea,  Clematis,  and  other    Hard  and- 
Soft^wooded   Plants.    Good  reference  to  H.   G.AJRROTT,   The 
Wimbl»don,  S.W. 


To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  Ji(  i«E   GROWER,  &c.. 
Indoors.— Well  versed  iu  Wreath  and  Cross  Making.— 
H.  S.,  23,  Bryngwyn  Terrace,  Hereford. 

1JROPAGATOR  (Assistant),  Indoor  or  Out, 
in  a  good  establishment.— Four  and  a  half  years'  refer- 
ence from  old-established  firm.  —  Address  with  terms  to 
BRIGQS,  Courtland's.  Sandrock  Koad,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

ROPAGATOR    (Assistant),   Indoor.  — Ex- 

perienced  in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  and  Cut  Flowers.  Seven  years  with  present  employer. 
—JOHN  HUNTER,  Clark  Brothers  &  Co.,  Nurserymen.  Carlisle. 

Market  Nurseries. 

FERN    and    PALM    GROWER.  —  Age  28  ; 
twelve  years'  excellent  references,  chielly  from  Nurseries. 
—J.  B.  S.,  9,  Chisenhall  Road,  Old  Ford  Road,  E. 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  in  Large,  or  FORE- 
MAN in  Smaller  Establishment.  —  Nearly  three  years 
with  Mr.  Lockie,  Oakley  Court,  Windsor,  with  good  refer- 
ences^—R^_WAJ)HAM^_Steeple^ 

JOURNEYMAN  (First),  —  Age  25  ;  total 
abstainer.  Well  up  in  Plants.  Five  years  in  last  situa- 
tion. —  H.  CARPENTER,  Mr.  Meadows,  St.  James's  Lane, 
Muswell  Hill,  N. 

J"  OURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses,  in  a 
good  establishment. — Age  22 ;  strong  and  active ;  good 
chariicter  from  present  and  previous  employer. — J.  GUT- 
TRIDGE,  Fairmile,  Cobham,  Surrey. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  private  Garden  ;  age  18.— 
Lady  Salt    recommends  a  young  man,   who  has  been 
three  and  a  half  years,  chiefly  in  Houses.     Well  educated  and 
abstainer.- HEAD  GARDENER,  Maplewell,  Loughborough. 
To  Gardeners. 

IMPROVER.— Age    21  ;    excellent    character. 
Willing  to  give  £.T   Premium.     Bolhy  preferred.— J.  B., 
Muchcowaroe,  near  Bromyard. 

T~0     NOBLEMEN     and     GENTLEMEN.  — 
Wanted  to  place  a  respectable  active  Lad  (age  17)  in  a 
Nobleman's  or  Gentleman's  Garden,  where  he  can  gain  a  good 

knowledge  of  the  profes-sion. G.  L,,  Mrs.  Hepburn,  8,  Bruns- 

wick  Road.  Highgate  Hill,  N. 

SHOPMAN,  or  FIRST  COUNTER-HAND.— 
Age  24  ;  six  years'  first-class'experience.  Accustomed  to 
a  brisk  Counter  Trade.— H.  PAGE,  Messrs.  Thomson,  20,  High 
Street,  Birmingham. 

S"  HOPMAN  or  WAREHOUSEMAN.  —  A 
Seedsman  (Scotchman,  age  23)  desires  re-engagement  as 
Shopman  or  Warehouseman ;  nine  years'  practical  experience 
in  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade.  First-class  references. — DAPHNE, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Of&ce,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, W.C. 

0  THE  NURSERY  and  SEED  TRADE.— 

Situation  of  trust  wanted  by  a  well  educated  young  man 
(age  25).  Used  to  Selling.  Good  Correspondent.  Well  ex- 
perienced in  Plants  and  Nursery  Work.  Can  Solicit  Orders. — 
F.  R.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 

TO  the  AGRICULTURAL  SEED  TRADE.— 
Wanted,  a  situation  in  the  Agricultural  Seed  Trade  by  a 
Farmer's  Son  (age  32).  Has  been  fourteen  months  with  a 
large  London  Seed  Firm.  Strong,  and  willing  to  work  iu  any 
way  required. — E.   CH ALLEN,  Malham  Farm,  Billingshurst, 


HOLLO  WAY'S  PILLS.— Indigestion.— How 
much  thougnt  has  been  bestowed,  and  what  volumin- 
ous treatises  have  been  written  upon  this  universal  and  dis- 
tressing disease,  which  is  with  certainty  and  safety  dispelled 
without  fear  of  relapse  by  a  course  of  this  purifying,  soothing, 
and  tonic  medicine  !  It  acts  directly  on  the  stomach,  liver,  and 
bowels — then,  indirectly,  though  no  less  effectively,  on  the 
brain,  neires,  vessels,  and  glands,  introducing  such  order 
throughout  the  entire  system  that  harmony  dwells  between 
each  organ  and  its  functions.  Dyspepsia  need  no  longer  be  the 
bugbear  of  the  public,  since  Holloway's  Pills  are  fully  competent 
to  subdue  the  most  chronic  and  distressing  cases  of  impaired 
digestion,  and  to  restore  the  miserable  sufferer  to  health, 
strength,  and  cheerfulness. 


264 


THE    GARDENEB8'     CBROl^ICLE. 


[Adgdst  27,  1887. 


THOS.  W.   ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,   STOURBRIDGE. 


4  in  Expansion  TomtHot  w\tpr  Pipes  Qfeetlong  As  Zd  each, 

4  in  Socket  Hot-wattr  l'lpe'^   Mfictlong   4^;  bi/   each 

Fidl  Ilhustiated  hti  i  td  Pi  ue  List  un  npphLation 

GARDEN  SHADINGS,  1^^':'^V,^: 

KUSSIA  MATS,  RAFFIA,  PEAT, 

SAUD,     COCOA    FIBRE    REFUSE,    &c.. 

At  very  Lowest  Prices. 

CATALOGUE  on  APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135,  COMMEECIAI.  STREET,   LONDON,  E 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  abo\<?  si/es,  m  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3db  and  4th3  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-oz,  Klaas  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Ghasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,   LEAH,  OIL  luni  C'nr,(i;'K  MKKOUANTS, 

34,  St.  Jotin  Street,  West  Smithfleld,  London,  E.G. 
Stock  List  and  Ibices  on  apphcutwii.    Quote  Chronicle. 


HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  cost. 

Used  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing ;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station,  \s.  Sd.  per  gallon  in  caskH  of  36,  20,  or 
10  gaUons. 

CA  UTION.- 

imitations. 


HILL      &      SMI  TH, 

Brlerley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C, ; 

47,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 

HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices, 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE  BUILDERS  and  HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenhouses.  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  cun^tructe.i  on  our  improvt-d  phi 


iibility  cannot  be  equalled.    We  only  do  one  class  of  work. 


perfection  of  g 

and  that  the  very  iiE,sT. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  ilisi^nrd  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any 
from  the  smallest  to  the  Urge3t._   Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and 


Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues  free.      Customers  waited  on 
Our  Masira  is  and  always  has  been 
MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK. 


in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


l)omesticIiJaferSuBBlY 


© 

© 

©       with  pstent 


^Removable 
"    Furnace 


©      Sole  Makers, 
r>HAYWARD,TnER&C9.\ 


RIDER'S  PBtent  HOT  AIR 

Household  Pumping  engine. 


Cost  of    i 
raising  S 

10  0  0  Gall^^@ 
80  ft. High  I 
One  PENNY.g 


MESSENGSB.  &  CO.'S  New  CATALOGUE  of  Greenhouses  and  Heating  Apparatus, 

Just  issued,  will  be  found  the  most  complete,  practical,  and  reliable  guide  to  all  about  to  build,  alter,  or  heat  greenhouses. 
Illustrations  of  every  description  of  Glasshouse,  from  the  largest  range  of  Winter  Gardens  to  the  simplest  forms  of  Portnbl* 
Greenhouses,  Plant  Protectors,  and  Garden  Frames  ;  also  of  all  the  best  kind  of  Boilers,  Hot-water  Pipes,  and  all  appliances  for 
heating.  This  Catalogue,  possessing  hundreds  of  illustrations  of  all  the  latest  improvements  in  greenhouse  building  and  heating, 
is  on  a  scale  never  before  attempted.  It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one  interested  in  gardening,  as  it  contains  many  practical 
hints  on  the  subjects  of  which  it  treats,  the  result  of  many  years'  experience.    Price  2s.  post-ftee. 

A  large  number  of  the  illustrations  are  taken  from  greenhouses  erected  by  us  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  an  inspection  of 
this  Catalogue  shows,  therefore,  buildings  the  efficiency  of  which  has  been  well  tested  by  actual  use.  The  advantages  possessed  by 
us  enable  us  to  carry  out  work  with  the  utmost  promptness,  and  in  the  very  best  style,  at  prices  which  defy  competition.  Surveys 
made  and  gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  country.     Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application. 

MESSENGER    &    COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


THE  COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id. ; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  53;   fifty,  lOs.  ;  and  one  hundred,  20s. 

Parcels   of   not   less   than   twenty-five   delivered,   Carriage   Free,   in   Ldmlnn   only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

■W.     RICHARDS,     41,     WELLINGTON      STREET,     STRAND,     LONDON,     W.O. 


Editorial  Communications  alioukl  be  axldreased  to  "The  Editor;"  Advertiaements  and  Busine^  Letters  to  "Tlie  Publisher,"  at  the  Office.  41.  WellioKton  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W-C. 
Printed  by  William  Richabdh,  at  the  Office  of  Meaars.  Bbadbitrt.  Aonew  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriara,  Cityof  London,  in  tile  County  of  Middleaes,  and  published  by  the 
fiaid  WnJJAM  Biohabds,  at  the  Ofilce,  41,  Welliugtou  Street,  Pariah  of  St.  Paul's,  OoTeat  Qarden,  in  the  aaid  County. — Satdrday,  Auguat  1!7,  1937.    Agent  f or  Mancheater — JoHH  HsrwooD. 


Established 


No.  36.— Vol.  IL  {g^^^.}  SATUEDAY,  SEPTEMBEE  3,  1887. 


[Regt.  as  a  Newspaper.{P,RICE^  3id. 


CONTENTS. 


Narcissus  triandrus,  effect 

H7Z 

of  salt  on          

2K3 

Apple  crop  of  Nova  Scotia 

as;) 

Obituary 

289 

BeddtDg  planta    

280 

Orchid  houses      

279 

Sees  and  Beekeeping 

2»2 

,,    notes           

2;8 

■/x:'. 

Peristeria  selligera 

272 

284 

Plants  and  their  culture 

279 

Cape,  a  month  at  the    ... 

2/1 

Potato  scab          

■JXi 

Scotland    

274 

viridulum          

272 

Scottish  Alpine  Botanical 

Cypripedium    LawTence- 

Club       

274 

ouum 

«72 

Societies  :— 

Cymbidium      enaifolium 

Cercle    Horticole    Van 

272 

Houtte          

288 

2K2 

Devon  and  Exeter      ... 

28.^ 

Drought,  the       ...283,28, 

,285 

Eastbourne       

286 

Encephalartos        Altea- 

Harpenden        

287 

st^mii     

aso 

Reading 

287 

Ferns,  our   native,    and 

Kyde       

281 

their  varieties 

277 

Sandy     

288 

Fruits  under  glass 

279 

Wilts     

288 

Gardening  appointmenta 

2»4 

Worcester        

28« 

Grass  and  Clover  crops ... 

282 

Training  wire      

2f4 

Hardy  fruit  Garden 

•2Ki 

Trees  and  shrubs 

271i 

Herbaceous  Lobelias 

ZIS 

Veronica  cupressoides  ... 

2VH 

Kew  notes 

27:) 

Wasps        

28:1 

Leyswood,    Groombridge 

272 

Water  Lily,  a  new  yellow 

280 

■/H4 

Weather,  the       

Nelumbium  luteum 

273 

Xanthoceras  sorbifolia  .,. 

274 

ILLUSTF 

ATIONS. 

Campanula  Vidalli 

2S5 

Encephalartos  Altenstein 

I 

Traiumg  vnre        

Xanthoceras  sorbifolia     .. 

2V.T 

,,     .,     fruit  of 

274 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.— All  Numbers 
of  the"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "from  January  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 


GLASGOW  and  WEST  of  SCOTLAND 
HORTICULTUKAL  SOCIETY. 
The  AUTUMN  FLOWER  SHOW  will  be  held  within  St. 
Andrew's  Halls,  Granville  Street,  Glasgow,  on  WEDNESDAY, 
September  7.  Prize  Schedules  and  Tickets  of  Admission  to  be 
had  from  the  Treasurer,  Jlr.  CHAS.  MACDONALD  WILLIAM- 
SON, 194,  West  George  Street,  Glasgow ;  any  of  the  Directors, 
or  at  my  Office  here.    Members'  Tickets,  2s.  (W.  each. 

FRANC  GIBB  DOUGALL,  Secretary. 
167,  Canning  Street,  Glasgow. 


CHELTENHAM  and  COUNTY  of 
GLOUCESTER  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 
Established  182.5. 
AUTUMN  EXHIBITION,  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY, 
September  14  and  15.  A  Special  Prize  of  Ten  Guineas  will  be 
awarded  for  the  best  Nine  Dishes  of  Fruit.  Entries  Close 
September  10.  Schedules  of  Prizes,  Sec,  may  be  obtained  on 
application  to  W.  H.  BRIDGEWATER,  Secretary. 

57,  Regent  Street,  Cheltenham. 


Pr 


to  be  had  of 
Secretary's 


BRIGHTON  and  SUSSEX    FLORICULTU- 
RAL  and  HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 
GRAND  AUTUMN  EXHIBITION,  SEPTEMBER  14  and  15, 
at  the  Royal  Pavilion,  Brighton.    1st  Prize,  8  Stove  and  Green- 
house Plants,  £8 ;  1st  Prize  Group  of  Ferns,  £.5;  IstPrizeMiscel- 
3  Group,  £5.    Entries  Close  September  10.    Schedules  of 


NATIONAL         CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY,  Roval  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S.W. 
EARLY  CHRYSANTHEMUM,  DAHLIA,  and  GLADIOLUS 
EXHIBITION,  SEPT.  14  and  15.      Schedules  free  on  appli- 
cation.   The  Floral  Committee  will  meet  Sept.  14,  Oct.  12  and 
26,  Nov.  9  and  23,  and  Dec.  7.     Medals  are  offered  for  competi- 
tion at  each  Meeting  for  New  Chrysanthemums.    See  Schedule. 
WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 
Frampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  E. 

OYAL      JUBILEE      EXHIBITION, 

Manchester. 

A  GRAND  EXHIBITION  of  FRUITS  and  FLOWERS  will 
be  held  on  SEPTEMBEE  16  and  17.  For  Schedules,  apply  to  the 
undersigned.  -RRnnr  irrNTiTAV 

Royal  Botanical  Gardens,  Manchester.  ''""J"'*'  *i"'"''"- 


Novelty— Novelty— Kovelty. 

AM,  C.  JONG  KINDT  CONINCK  begs  to 
•  offer  his  large  stock  of  strong  SPtREA  PALMATA 
ALBA,  £7  10s.  per  Imt.— Royal  Tottenham  Nurseries,  Dedems- 
vaart.  ZwoUe.  Netherlands. 


Now  tn  Full  Bloom. 

BEGONIAS.  —  Awarded  Three  Gold  Medals. 
Unequalled  as  a  floral  display.     Visitors  are  cordially  in- 
vited: free  admission.  Frequent  trains  from  the  City  and  West 
End  to  Catford  Bridge  and  Forest  Hill  Stations. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  Stanstead  Park,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


Dutcb  and  other  Bulbs. 

CHARLES  TURNER'S  CATALOGUE  is 
now  ready.  The  first  consignment  is  to  hand,  in  excel- 
lent condition.  The  new  Rose,  Fruit  Tree,  and  Coniferie 
CATALOGUE  is  in  the  press. 

The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 


Begonias  a  Specialty. 

BR.  DAVIS  invites  an  inspection  of  his 
•  BEGONIAS,  now  in  Full  Bloom,  at  The  Yeovil  Nur- 
series, Hendford  Hill,  Yeovil.  Several  hundreds  of  specimens 
grown  in  pots  and  many  thousands  planted  in  the  open  ground. 


GENISTAS,  good  stuff,  in  SO's,  £1  per  100. 
CHARLES  WOODROFFE.  Sudbury,  Harrow,  N.W. 


BOUVARDIAS,  iine  bushy  plants,  30«. 
per  100;  CYCLAMENS,  good,  in  48's,  30s,  per  100; 
GARDENIAS,  strong  plants,  30s,  per  100;  Tree  CARNA- 
TIONS, best  sorts,  .'JOs.  per  100— good  plants. 

W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown.  Kidderminster. 


Camellias,  Azaleas.  Bhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchldi. 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nubsebyman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  E.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars.  London.  E.C. 

A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamssrops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•    above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 


FOR  SALE  or  EXCHANGE,  Large  PALMS, 
Areca     lutescens,      Latania     borbonica,     Verschaffeltia 
splendida,  and  other  Foliage  Plants.     For  particulars  apply, 
E.  WILLS,  The  Firs,  Bassttt,  Southampton. 


SQUELCH  AND  BARN  HAM, 
North  Row,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FREaSCH  BEANS,  STRAW- 
BERRIES, CHOICE  FLOWERS,  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily;  Cheijues  weekly,  or  as  preferred 
by  Sender.     Baskets  and  Labels  supplied.     References  given. 


MESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 
NUBSEHTMEN,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,    Covent    Garden,    W.C,    are    open    to    RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  StDCUP." 


WANTED,  Cuttings,  or  Rooted  Cuttings  of 
PELARGONIUMS— leading    varieties.     Send    names 
and  price  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO.  (John  Cowan), 
Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nurseries.  Garston,  near  Liverpool. 

ANTED,        GERANIUM      CUTTINGS. 

Name  sorts  and  price  per  1000,  to 
R.  TURNER,  The  Abbey,  Northbourne,  near  Deal. 

ANTED,  SCARLET  VESUVIUS 

GERANIUM  CUTTINGS.    Sample  and  price  per  1000. 
CHARLES  WOODEOFFE,  Sudbury,  Harrow,  N.W. 


w 


Carnations,  Picotees,  Cloves  and  Flnlcs. 

CHARLES  TURNER'S  New  and  Descriptive 
CATALOGUE  of  the  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be 
had  free  on  application. 

The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough, 


FINEST      LILY      OF      THE      VALLEY 
CROWNS    for  Early  Forcing,   by    Qustav  A,   Schultz, 
Berlin.    For  price  write  to 

JACOB  isD  VALENTIN,  66,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 


Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.       Dvson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS,"    LONDON. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF   THE  VALLEY.— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAM.MANN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE    now   ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  E.   SILBERRAD  iKD    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


LAING'S     BULBS,     for    Early    Forcing.— 
White  Roman  HYACINTHS,  tine  large  roots,  14s.  per  100 ; 
extra  large  picked  roots,  lbs.  per  100.     Paper  White  and  Double 
Roman  NARCISSUS.  9s.  per  100.     All  carriage  free. 
CATALOGUES  Gratis  and  Postrfree, 
JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS.  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


PALM  SEEDS.  —  Fresh  Seeds  of  Kentia 
Belmoreana.  Canterburj-ana  Forateriana,  Areca  Baueri 
and  lutescens,  just  to  hand.  Lowest  quotations.  Samples 
free  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jun.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


DAFFODILS,  White  Trumpets,  &c.— Over  150 
varieties  to  select  from  1  "  HAKTLAND'S  *  ORIGINAL' 
LITTLE  BOOK  of  DAFFODILS,"  including  a  special  offer  of 
sweet-scented  Oxlips,  Cowslips,  and  Primroses,  is  now  ready.  It 
is  the  best  guide  to  Daffodil  knowledge  ever  published,  consider- 
ably enlarged — medium  quarto  size — and  full  of  life-size  origi- 
nal drawings  by  Gertrude  Hartland.  The  Book  can  be  had  for 
18  stamps.  Its  duplicate,  without  the  illustrations,  free  to  all 
applicants.  Please  write  for  them.  The  Bulbs  are  uncommonly 
healthy,  all  grown  in  fresh  pasture  loam  and  sea  sand. 

WM.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Old   Established  Seed   Ware- 
house, 24,  Patrick  Street,  Cork. 


T  AXTON'S  "NOBLE"  STRAWBERRY.— 

-Li  The  only  Fruit  which  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
from  the  Roycu  Horticidtural  Society  in  the  year  ending  Jioie, 
1887,  and  the  only  Fruit  Certificated  at  the  Society's  great 
Liverpool  Show,  July,  1686.  This  wonderfully  larce,  handsome, 
and  prolific  early  Strawberry,  of  first  quality,  made  the  highest 
wholesale  price  in  Covent  Garden  Market  during  the  past  three 
seasons.  Mr.  J.  Muir,  after  trying  and  forcing  it,  says,  "In 
my  opinion  the  most  extraordinary  and  valuable  Strawberry  in 
cultivation."  Particularsof  this  and  "  Laxt^n's  Jubilee,"  a  fine 
new  late  variety ;  see  previous  issues  of  this  Paper — also  free 
on  application.    Coloured  plat«  of  "  Noble,"  6rf.,  from 

THOiL\S  LAXTON,  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower,  Bedford. 

PECL^L   OFFER  to  the  English  Trade   of 

100,000  INDIAN  AZALEAS,  from  50s.,  70s.,  80s.,  100s., 
120s.,  to  200s.  per  100. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  GHENT  AZALEAS,  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, CAMELLIAS.  FERNS,  PALMS,  for  Table  and  Gen- 
eral Decoration.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA,  SPIRAEAS. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  and  various  other  Plants  for  forcing. 
All  at  very  moderate  charges. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application,  from 
A.    VAN    GEERT,  Continental  Nurseries,  Ghent.   Belgium. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Floristii,  Seedsimen.  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants,  Flowers.  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.   J.    WELCH    begs   to    call    particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ILLUSTRATING     BOOKS.     MAGAZINES,     CATALOGUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING   PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 
Ajjdbess  :— 25.    Wellington    Street,    Strand,  London,    W.C, 


266 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septkmbeb  3,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 


Thursday  Next— (Sale  No.  7474.) 
E.3TABLISUED  OKCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  8,  at  haU- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  lot  ot  ESTABLISHED 
ORCHIDS  from  private  Collections,  including  many  plants  in 
Flower  and  End. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orchids  in  Flower  and  Bud. 

ll/rE.  J.  C.  STEVENS  begs  to  announce  that 

1»X  his  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS,  in  Flower  and 
Bud,  will  take  place  at  his  Great  Rooms,  y8.  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY,  September  14.  and  he 
will  be  glad  if  Gentlemen  desirous  of  ENTERING  PLANTS  for 
this  SALE  will  send  particulars  not  later  than  Thursday  next. 

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  KingStreet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY.  First-class 
BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Every  Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday. 
DUTCH    BULliS.  —  GREAT    UNRESER\'ED    SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
67  and  68.  Clieapside.  London,  E.G.,  every  MONDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  11  o'clock  precisely, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  eicellent 
quality,  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


East  Greenwich. 

Expiration  of  Lease. — Clearance  Sale. 

MESSRS.   PROTHEliOK  anp  AUHUnS  are 
imtructed  by  Mr.  Ci ..,,;,  (..  ^^T,T,  !■      \V'  1  I- •>".  ..nOie 
Premises,  The  Nursc-rv.    \  Ml  '  .   ••w 

WEDNESDAY,  Septeml.  i    ,.  .      '  ;  .  .ut 

reserve,  the  erections  of  li\''iiKl.i  iinii  --i  --.  M.i'  KWiiKK, 
HOT-WATER  PIPING  :u.a  litULklvS.  Al-..  li..^  vmiui,_-  y..i  llie 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS  iu  variety;  FEKNS  ..f  hurts  ;  t?e\er-al 
FRAJVIES  and  BOXES,  IRON  WATER-TANK,  FLOWER 
POTS,  and  other  effects. 

On  view  the  day  prior  to  the  Salt;.  Catalogues  had  ou  the 
Premises,  and  of  tlie  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Clieapside,  E.C., 
and  Leytonstoiie,  E. 


Friday  Next. 

VALUABLE  BRAZILIAN  ORCHIDS. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  HARRYANUM. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  air.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  Lv  Al'CTlUN.  !it 
their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  y'^- .  '  L  ip  ..  .  I  .hImm,  I  (  ,. 
on  FRIDAY.  September  9.  at  li.Ht  ,   .   i     ,_  i  ,  :i 

quantity  of  the  magniticeut  new  1  ii '  .jiu,!  .  i  \|  ii\i;iL'i 
ANUM.  The  plants  may  now  l.^  ■■■  m,- .J, ■,■.■,!  ,|ni(.'  -.,!.■,  ;iiiH 
are  breaking  well.  The  blossoms  an.-  hirpo.  :nul  the  colunriiig 
indescribably  rich  and  beautiful.  It  is  evidently  a  very  free 
grower,  having  extremely  diverse  pseudobulbs,  from  wliich 
abundant  vjiriiifinn  am!  quite  new  forms  may  be  expected.  It 
is  on-'i'T  I'm    .■!    ii!'    I  Introductions  of  the  century. 

At  11.  ill  be  offered  valuable  importations  of 

BR.\ZI!  '■  \  •   >   !'   !i  :  ;k.  the -^vhole  iu  the  best  i>ossible  health 

and   (.ill    .1,    i|. rising    Laelia  purpurata,    large    masses; 

Catthvi  i.'ov..,uui.  iuh;  lot;  C.  SchniiFldiana  and  C.  granulosa, 
C.  interuiLrduL,  C.  pumilia,  comp;ir.>t  1  in,  iithI  l;ilr;,ta;  T.iflia 
harpophylla,  L.  xauthina,  the  IiLiiid-Muir  ;iiiil  r.irc  I'llumna 
nobilis,  Colax  jugosus,  Oncidium  lun  i  oim^nn.  i ).  I'mlir-ii,  (.). 
papilio  majus,  0.  sarcudes,  O.  bicoliu-,  o.  rn-.iiiiiii,  Hiirhiiglunia 
imperialU.  .Miltunia  Re^nielii,  and  manv  uIIi.t  ,  huiif  Orchids. 
Uii  view  muniing  of  Sal.-,  ati.l  (Vitalo^u.-s  had. 

The  Great  Annual  Trade  Sales  of  Greenhouse  Plants, 

Important  to  Nurserymen  and  Flcrists. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  call  attention  to  the  following  S.4XES,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  add  the  names  and  addresses  of  intending 
purchasers  who  may  desire  to  receive  Catalogues,  which  will 
be  forwarded  free  of  expense. 

Auction   Rooms  .and  Estate  Offices,   67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C.,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Swanley  Junction,  Kent. 

GREAT  UNRESERVED  SALE  of   immense  quantities  of 

UREENHOrSE  PLANTS,  unusually  well  grown. 

Important  to  the  Trade. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  P.  Ladds.  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises.  The  Nurseries,  adjoining  Swanley  Junction 
Station,  Kent,  on  THURSDAY,  September  8.  at  11  o'clock 
punctually,  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  1200  lots, 
the  following  Stock : — 
10,000  GENISTAS,  in  40  and  48  pots. 
5,000  ,,        in  60  pots. 

10,000  HEATHS.  Winter  Flowering,  in  40  and  48  pots,  beau- 
tifully grown  and  abundantly  set  with  flower  buds. 
300  GARDENIAS,  large  specimen  plants. 
10,000  CARNATIONS,  Tree,  consisting  of  all  the  best  winter 

flowering  varieties. 
16,000  KOSES,  Tea,  splendid  plants. 
2,000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  good  plants. 
1,000  CYPERUS. 

90  STEPHANOTIS.  large  specimens. 
600  PALMS,  in  variety. 
1,000  GERANIUMS.  New  White.  Queen  of  Whites  Improved, 
F.C.C.  Rovnl  Botanical  S.iciety.  .May  19.  1886. 
400  ].|;\i'  i:\  \^   j-ii'l;oin\  ;,  ri'ERIS  TREMULA 


Kew  Nursery,  Richmond,  S.W. 

FRIDAY     NEXT,    SEPTEMBER     9. 
Eitensive  TRADE  SALE  of  Thousands  of  PAL:MS.  in  various 
sizes,  and  including  many  tine  specimens ;  DRAC.ENAS, 
FERNS,  VARIEGATED  ARALIAS.  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  K.  Drost  (Successor  to  Mr.  H.  Herbst) 
to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Kew  Nursery, 
Richmond,  S.W.,  eight  minutes' walk  from  the  Richmond  Rail- 
way Station,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  9,  at  11  o'Clock 
precisely  (in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots). 

An  immense  quantity  of  PALMS,  remarkably  well-grown 
and  clean,  in  thumbs,  60,  48,  33,  and  24  pots,  including 
fine  table  and  decorating  plants,  and  a  splendid  healthy 
stock  of  smaller  plants  for  growing  on,  comprising  270O 
Latauia  borbonica,  4000  Euterpe  edulis,  1700  Seaforthia  elegans, 
KiOO  Cocos  WeddeUiaua,  llOa  Kentia  Balmoreana  and  Fors- 
teriana,  170  K.  Canterburyiana,-  450  Geonoma  gracilis  and 
Verschaffeltii,  400  Corypha  australis,  Phcenix  reclinata,  and 
rupicola,  in  32*5;  Areca  lutegCens,  A.  sapida,  Rhapis  flabelli- 
formis,  and  Chamaedorea  "eiejjarij.  A  few  large  Specimen 
Plants,  consisting  of  COCOS  WEDDELXIAXA,  15  leaves, 
7  feet  high  ;  CYCAS  NEO  CALEDONICA.  10  leaves,  5  feet 
high;  RHAPIS  FLABELLIFORMIS,  6feet  by6  feet.  36  stems. 
Six  Latanias,  Areca  lutescens,  A.  sapida,  and  Aspidistras. 
And  further  the  following  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS ; — Variegated  Aralias,  variegated  and  green  Aspi- 
distra-i,  largL-  double  white  Camellias,  500  Azaleas,  Dracsenas, 
Yur,  ,1  ..  iV^i,  ri.ii-'  tremula,  in  32'3 ;  Adiantum  Victoria, 
A.    IM  'I   small  Ferns,   spli-ndid   variety;    some 

Shrn!        I  i       fining,  and  30,000  Spanish    Iris,   of  the 

wflM .^ ii-.  Hull;  Tulips,  Narcissi,  and  Liliums. 

M.iy  be  V  .c\v.vi  aijy  day  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catnlogues  may 
be  hati  on  the  premises;  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  E.C.,  and  Leytonstone.  E. 

N.B. — The  collection  of  Palms  is  exceedingly  fine. 


Upper  Edmonton. 

The  SECOND  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  30,000  splendidly 

grown  GREENHOUSE  and   other  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  Hi  B.  May  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  tiie  Premises,  the  Dyaou'a  Lane  Nursery,  Uppi-r  Edmonton 
(about  3  minutes'  walk  from  Angel  Road,  and  8  minutes'  from 
Silver  Street  Railway  Stations,  G.E.R.),  on  MONDAY.  Sep- 
eraber  12,  at  11  o'clock  punctually,  30.000  GREENHOUSE 
and  STOVE  PLANTS,  remarkably  well-grown,  and  in  the 
best  possible  condition,  compri*' 


the 


10,000  Tree    Carnations, 
best  varieties 
2.000  Tea  Roses 
2,000  Variegated  Ivies 
4,000  Miscellaneoua  Plants 


Mtchii 


1,000  Ampelop.' 
500  Clematis 
10,000  Jernsof  sorts,  including 
Pteria  cretica  Mayii 
1,000  Azaleas,  Fielder'sVl^hite 
May  uow  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers. and  Valuers,  67  and  6S,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  E.C. ;  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Till 


v.\:     ■.  I    ,     II  iii-pectionis  invited. 

'.■  ■  u,  '  ir  ■  ,,',1  ,.|;.  I ..;  Mr-  r.  I,  \i)DS,at  the  Nurseries. 
y  iir  liiAi'.y  Ji';itii,  Ai'iii;  it  ut  the  Auctioneers  and 
1, 67  uiidOti,  Cheupaide,  Loudon,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Lee.  Kent.  S.E. 

GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE,  to  commence  punctually  at 
11  o'clock  m  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.  TROTIIEROE  and  MORRIS 
;irr  lu-tnirtrd  bv  M.'ssrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL 
h\-  .MCrinN.  .,nihr  !>n'iiiis.-s.  The  Burnt  Ash  Lnne  Nurseries. 
I.'.-e,  .S.E.,  a.ijuMun^'  tlie  Kaihvay  Station,  ou  TUESDAY, 
September  13.  at  11  o'Clock  punctually  without  reserve. 

25,000    WINTER  BLOOMING   HEATHS, 
beautifully  grown  and  remarkably  well  set  with  bloom-buds, 

15.000  Erica  hyemali 
5,000  Erica  gracili 


Large  quantities  of 

melauthera  ventric<»a 

perspicua  erecta 

Cavendishii 

and  other  best  kinds 
Alarge  quantity  of  small  Erica 

hyemalisfor  growing  on 
8000    Solanum    capsicastrum, 

in  berry  [double 

6000  Bouvardias,    single   and 
2000  Genistas,  very  fine 
Cyclamen  persicum 
2000  Adiantum  cuneatum 
Alsophila  australis,  in  24'9  and 

16"s  pot: 


3000  Lomaria  gibba,  true,  com- 
pact variety,  and  other  Ferns 
500  Epacris,  well-grown 
Borouia  megastigma 
Quantity     of     extra      strong 
Marechal  Niel  and  other  Xea 
Roses 
Grevillea  robusta 
Palms 

Ficus  elastica 
Greenhouse  Passion- (lowers 
Poinsettias 
Ampelopsia  Veitchii 
Stephanotis 
A   fine  lot  of  the  new  white 

Plumbago  capensis, 
Large  Gardenias  for  cutting 
Beautifully  coloured  Crotons,  &c. 
May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  or 
of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  G8,  Clieapside,  E.G., 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 

N.B.— Messrs.  P.  &  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  intend- 
ing Purchasers  to  the  stock  to  be  offered  as  above.  The  plants 
are  remarkably  well  grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and  the 
whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good  condition  as  former  years. 

Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries,  Leyton. 

ANNUAL    SALE    of    WINTKU-FLOWERINU    HEATHS   and 
other  DECORATIVE  and  FLOWERING  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Fraser  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  tlie  Premises,  The  Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries, 
Leyton,  E.  (a  few  minutes'  walk  from  the  Hoe  Street  Station, 
G.E.R.),  on  WEDNESDAY,  September  14,  at  11  o'Clock  pre- 
cisely, in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots,  a  fine  assort- 
ment of  WINTER-BLOOMING  HEATHS,  including  hyemalis 
and  others ;  large  quantities  of  CYCLAMEN,  Eraser's  superb 
strain  ;  BOUVARDIAS,  SOLANUMS,  splendidly  berried  ; 
GENISTAS,  Tree  CARNATIONS,  LAPAGERLAS.  CLEMATIS 
indivisa,  lobata,  and  other  greenhouse  climbers;  ROSES, 
including  Marechal  Niel,  W.  A.  Richardson,  of  extra  size,  and 
a  variety  of  Tea-scented  and  Hybrid  Perpetuals ;  Clematis 
Jackmanni,  and  other  fine,  sorts;  Ampelopsia  Veitcliii,  varie- 
gated and  other  Ivies;  Passion-flowers,  Jasmines,  and  other 
nardy  climbers.  A  good  collection  of  Hollyhocks  and  several 
thousands  ot  young  Heaths,- and  Genistas  for  growing  on. 

The  above  are  all  well-grown  and  in  good  condition  for 
immediate  sale. 

May  now  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 


Tottenham,  N. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALIC  of  WINTER  FLOWERINa 
HEATHS,  STOVE  and  GKEEXHOT'SE  PLANTS,  &c.,  to 
commence  punctually  at  11  o'Clock,  tlicre  being  upwards 
of  1200  lots.  "  '  .    -'     1 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  the  Executors  of  the  late  Mr.  Jo^ Mailer 
to  SELL  by  A  UCTION,  on  the  Piemiscs,  the  BmnsWjii  Jfur- 
serv,  Tottenliam  (close  to  White  Hart  Lane  Station.'-G.E-lf.). 
on  THURSDAY.  September  15,  at  11  o'clock  precisely,  withiut 

10,000  Winter-blooming  HE.ATHS— including  hyemalis,  graci- 
lis, caffra,  Wilmorea,  and  others. 
8,000  SOLANUMS— well  berried. 
.5,000  FERNS— Adiantums.  Pteris.  &c. 
3,000  Tree  CARNATIONS,  leading  varieties. 
S.OOO  EOUVARDIAS. 
3,000  GENISTAS. 
1,000  Double  White  PRIMULAS. 
1.000  Stove  and  Greenliouse  CIAMBEES. 

DIPLADENIAS  of  sorts.    ALLAMANDAS,  BOUGAIN- 
VILLEAS.  STEPHANOTIS.  TACSONIAS. 
1,000  PASSIFLORAS,  and  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII. 

600  CROTONS  and  DRACiENAS,  beautifully  coloured. 
1,000  PALMS,  FICUS,  &c. 

Large  AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS  for  cutting   from. 
Many  thousands  of  small  ERICAS ;  and  a  collection  of- 
other  useful  Stock. 

May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  (33,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Ley- 
tonstone. E. 


Sldcup,  Kent,  S.E. 
SIXTH    GREAT    ANNUAL    TRADE    SALE    ot    WINTER- 
FLOWERING  HEATHS.  ROSES,  and  OTHER  PLANTS, 


forming  one  of  the  tine; 
mitted  to  the  public  in  a  ^in   1 
is  unrivalled  (without  d'lr  i 
Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evuu-     " 
well-grown,  beautifully  s.l  \. 
spection  by  intending  purcluiM 


'olli'ctions  ever  sub- 
lock  ot  Heaths 
'■ver  offered  by 
nfi  particularly 
i  worthy  of  in- 


\f  ESSRS.   PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 

ItX     instructed  by   Jle- 


Railway),  on  FRIDAY,  September  16,. at  11  o'Clock  precisely, 
in  con-equence  of  the  unusually  large  number  of  1600  lots,  and 
quantity  of  exceedingly  well-grown  Winter-blooming 


the  following  quantities  may  be  r 
30,000  ERICA  HYEMALIS 


All 


10,000 

„    GRACILIS 

5,000 

„    CAFFRA 

5,000 

,,    mixed  varieties 

2.O0O 

„    CAVENDISHU 

2.000 

„    MAGNIFICA 

2.000 

„    COCCINEA  MINOR 

8.000  BOUVARDIAS,  Of  sorts 

7  uno 

S(ILANU.\IS,  well  berried 

8,000 

CYCLAJIEN,  fine  plants,  best  market 

stn 


5,000  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM  ,    ,^       , 

5,000  FERNS,  ot  sorts  ""   V"'"- 

3,000  DOUBLE  PRIMULAS 
2,000  GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA 
1,000  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHU 
10,000  ROSES,  grown  especially  for  this  Sale,  4  toet  and 

15  feet  in  height. 
Thousands  ot  small  HEATHSaml  (1KNI.STAS  for  growing  on. 
The  stock  is  now  arranged  fur  sab',   ami  may  be  viewed. 
Catalogues  maybe  had  on  tlie  l'rriiii-.is;  ami  of  the  Auctioneers 
and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheai^id.  ,  lO.C,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Lewisham,  S.E. 

IMPORTANT  TRADE  S^VLE  of  P^IXMS,  FERNS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  received  instructions  from  Mr.  R.  Bullen  to  SEI.iL 
by  AUCTION,  ou  the  Premises,  the  Woodlands  Nursery, 
Lewisham,  S.E..  on  SATURDAY,  September  17,  at  11  o'Clock 
precisely,  an  immense  quantity  of  remarkably  well-grown 
STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  the  following 
English-grown  Palms,  in  perfect  health  and  condition,  in  32's, 
48's,  and  60's;  about  4000  Latania  barbonica,  2000  Seaforthia 
elegans,  2000  Areca  Baueri,  sapida,  and  lutescens;  500  Kentia 
Fosteriana  and  Balmoreana.  250  Cocos  Weddelliana,  50O 
Corypha  australis,  1000  Phoenix  rupicola,  1000  P.  canariensia, 
&c. ;  2000  Adiantum  cuneatum,  1000  A.  decorum,  1000  Pteris 
tremula,  1000  P.  cretica  major,  cristate,  and  a  large  number 
of  the  following  Ferns: — Lomaria  gibba,  Polypodium  aureum, 
Gymnogramma  peruviana,  Lastrtea  aristata,  Cyrtomium  fal- 
catum  and  amoena,  in  32's  and  48's ;  large  quantities  of  Tree 
Carnations,  Dractenas,  Grevilleas,  Roses  in  pots.  Gardenias, 
Eucharis,  &c. ;  about  200  Azaleas,  Fielder's  White  and  indica 
alba,  in  32"s,  24's,  and  16'3. 

The  Stock  may  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises, and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.G., 
Leytonstone,  E. 

Forest  Gate. 

Excellent  opening  for  small  Capitalists,    Almost  without 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Billings  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  the  Nursery,  Upton  Lane,  Forest  Gate,  on 
MONDAY,  September  lil,  at  13  ..'Clock  precisely,  the  BENE- 
FICIAL INTEREST  in  the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY,  with 
6  Greenhouses,  Cottage,  and  1  Acre  ot  Land,  subject  to  the 
very  low  rent  ot  £30  per  annum.  Also  in  suitable  lots  the 
whole  of  the  well-grown  stock  ot  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS. 

May  be  viewed.  Particulars  obtainable  ot  the  Auctioneers, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. ;  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Septembek  3,  1887.] 


THE    GAEDENEHS'     CHRONICLE. 


267 


The  Wellington  Road  Nursery,  St.  John's  Wood, 

inljoining  Lord's  Cricket  Ground. 
CKRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE,  the  LAND  having  been 
purchnsed    by    the  Committee  of    the    M.C.C.    for    the 
extension  of  their  ground.  -.r^^T^-r,-. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  E.  O.  Henderson  &  Sons,  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION  on  the  Premises  os  above,  on  TITESDAY, 
September  20,  without  reserve,  the  whole  of  the  GLASS 
ERECTIONS,  consisting  of  16  GREENHOUSES,  thousands  of 
feet  of  PIPING,  BRICKWORK,  &c.  Also  a  quantity  of 
Surplus  Stock. 

Full  particulars  will  appear  in  next  week's  Advertisement. 

Nursery  Stock  Sales. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  announce  that  they  are  now  arranging  their 
SALES  of  NURSERY  STOCK,  for  the  coming  season,  and  they 
will  be  pleased  to  receive  the  names  of  intending  Purchasers 
who  may  wish  to  receive  CATALOGUES. 

Auction  Rooms  and  Estate    Offices,   67  and  68,  Cheapsuie, 
London,  E.G. 

Dulwloli.— By  Order  of  the  Mortgagees, 

Highly  Important  to  Jlarket  Gardeners  and  Florists. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  at  a  pulling-dovm  price, 
21  Modem  Greenhouses,  27,000  feet  of  Glass,  .5000  feet  of 
Piping,  with  Leasehold  Dwelling-house,  and  3  Acres  of  Ground. 
Ground  Rent  only  jeai. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C.  ^ 

FOR    SALE,    a  small  compact    NURSERY, 
well  stocked      Good  neighbourhood.    Particulars  of 
J.  LjVKE.  Mrs.  Felgate,  Cliurch  Road,  Leyton. 

FOR  SALE,  the  Lease,  Good-will,  Fittings, 
Fixtures,  and  Stock  of  a  SMALL  COMPACT  NURSERY 
and  SEED  BUSINESS,  well  situated  in  a  large  Market  Town, 
a  short  distance  from  London.    No  reasonable  offer  refused. 

Full  particulars  of    HORTUS.  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

OR  DISPOSAL,  at  once,  a  FRUITERER  and 

GREENGROCER'S  BUSINESS.  First-class.  West-End. 
Splendidly  fitted.  Long  lease  at  low  rent,  which  is  nearly 
covered  by  part  let  off.  Grand  opportunity  for  person  with 
some  means  of  acquiring  a  genuine  concern. 

Apply  personally  to   Messrs.   H.ARLEY,  Business   Agents, 
Monmouth  Road,  Bayswater,  W^. 


To  Nurserymen,  Floriuts,  and  Fruit  Gro-wers. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  or  LET  on  Lease,  owing  to  ill- 
heallh  of  owner,  a  FIRST-CLASS  OLD-ESTABLISHED 
BUSINESS,  inthe  Midlands.  Ample  accommodation.  Good  Stock. 
A  practical  man  with  about  £a00,  could  be  taken  Partner. 

W.  A.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  ■Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

TO  BE  LET   or   SOLD,  a   valuable  FREE- 
HOLD NURSERY  with  Cottage,  situated  in  Greenwich— 
about  1  acre  walled  in,  half  under  Glass  ;  all  Fittings.  Water 
laid  on.    Only  parties  with  substantial  means  need  apply  to 
•■ANCHOR  BREWERY,"  Lewisham,  S.E. 


FOR  SALE,  or  TO  LET.— In  consequence  of 
Mr.  Atherton's  Son's  death,  a  NURSERY,  FLORIST, 
and  SEED  BUSINESS  will  be  disposed  of.  It  is  well  known 
to  be  one  of  the  best  in  Cambridgeshire  It  has  been  suc- 
cessfully carried  on  for  thirty-two  years,  and  every  year 
increasing  its  area.  Good  chance  for  a  business  family. 
There  is  a  very  large  Retail  Seed  Trade,  likewise  Plants,  Cut 
Flowers,  &c. — Full  particulars  on  application  to 

E.  T.  ATHERTON,  High  Street,  Chatteris,  Cambs. 


To  Florists,  &c. 

TO   BE    LET   or   SOLD,  on   Bexley  Heath, 
Eight  new  GREENHOUSES,  200  by  12  and  l.i  feet,  now 
planted  with  Tomatos.    Room  to  erect  more.    Apply, 

W.  G.  BAILEY,  Florist,  The  Nurseries.  Bexley,  Kent. 


To  Gardeners. 

TO  LET,  a  Small  NURSERY.      Six   Green- 
houses and  1.50  feet  of  Pits  and  Lights  to  be  Sold,  price 
£70.    Chance  for  a  beginner. 
J.  GREEN  AWAY,  Florist,  Northumberland  Park,  Tottenham. 

To  Meirket  Gardeners  and  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  about  13|  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plnistow,  situated  in  the  Prince  Regent's 
Lane,  and  close  to  the  Barking  Road.    For  particulars  apply  to 
Messrs.  CH'TTON,  '.I,  Whitehall  Place,  S.W. 

Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 

BUSINESSES  to  be  DISPOSED  OF. 

MESSRS.    PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS' 
HORTICULTURAL    REGISTER   contains   fuU    parti- 
culars of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  63,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 

To  those  about  to  Plant  Roses,  &c. 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant, 
will  be  happy  to  forward,  gratis  and  post-free,  theirPriced 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  choicest  newaudold.  -   '"'   - 


D 
D 


UTCH  BULBS. 

TRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  Nubseetmen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  DUTCH  BULBS  are  invited  to  read 
ANT.  ROOZEN  AMD  SON'S  CATALOGUE  for  1887,  and  see  the 
large  saving  eSected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower. 
The  Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections 
of  New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars 
aa  to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application 
to  them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTEN3  and  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane,  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London,  E.C. 


EARLY  WHITE 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS, 

OUR  LAKGE  CONSIGNMENTS 
of  ROMAN  HYACINTHS.  PAPER  WHITE  NAR- 
CISSUS, &c.,  are  to  hand  in  splendid  condition,  and 
we  have  much  pleasure  in  offering  fine  picked  Bulbs 
at  niodL-rate  prices  as  below,  carriage  free: — 
WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  tine  roota,  23.  per 

dozen.  \i^s.  per  lOu.  Uus,  per  lUOO. 
WHITE   ROMAN   HYACINTHS,  ordinary  sized  roota, 
Is.  tt</.  per  do/en,  V>x.  ptr  luil,  UOs.  per  1000. 

NARCISSUS.  Paper  White,  spieudid  for  forcing,  u.^d. 

per  do/.en,  UK.  iSd.  ptr  loit,  9u.^.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,     Paper    WMte,     new.     large     flowered. 

splendid  variety,  much  sui>erior  to  the  old  sort,  2s.  6d. 

per  dozen,  165.  per  100. 
NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,    fine  roots,   is.  6rf.  per 

dozen,  10s.  <od.  per  100,  yus.  per  1000. 
Our  beautifully    Illustrated    CATALOGUE    (6-1  pages 
imperial  size)  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  Fruit 
Trees,  Roses.  &c.,  ia  now  ready,  and  should  be  read  by  all 
intending  purchasers  before  making  their  selection. 


DANIELS     BROS., 

ROYAL    NtiRFOLK    SEED    EST.A.BLISHMENT, 

NORWICH. 


(5,000  TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LEADING  VARIETIES, 

Fineplanta,  in  5^  and  6-inch  pots,  12s.,  los.,  and  18s.  per  dozen, 

according  to  size. 

The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 

any  in  the  country.    LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 

application.        pV^,,  ,^,  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN    COWAN),    Limited, 
THE  YINEYARD  and  NUKSEHIES,  GAKSTON, 
NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 

"  SIR         WATKIN  " 

IS  THE  BEST  OF  ALL  THE  NARCISSI. 

Priced  CIRCULAR  (So.  334;  of  this  and 

all  other  Narcissi  post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     &     SONS, 

NEWTON  NURSERIES,  CHESTER. 


ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  I85.  to  SGs.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Mushroom  Spawn, 

Per  bushel  of  14  cakes,  ."is. 

Per  cake,   t?t/. ;    per  cake,  free  by 

Parcels  Post,  Is. 

For  Outdoor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 

Nurseries, 

Upper  Holloway,  London,  N. 


VICCARS    COLLYER    &    CO.'S 

AUTUMN  CATALOGUE, 

Now  Tieadi/,  Grntis  and  Post-free. 
Containing  a  brief  account  of  Mr.  ViccABS  Collyer's  re- 
cent visit  to  Palastine,  with  offer  of  Seeds,  &c.,  as  a  Preface. 

ROMAN    HYACINTHS, 

Splendid  bulb,,  Is.  9i.  doz. ;  12s.  lOtf.  For  present  planting. 
C.lrriage  paid. 

STRAWBERRIES, 

Leading  sorts  at  3s.  per  100,  oarriage  paid,  cash  with  order. 
The  extraordinary  fruiting  properties  of  MONSTROSITY 
Strawberry  have  induced  ud  to  propagate  a  very  large  quan- 
tity, and  offer  at  a  price  within  the  reach  of  all,  viz.,  55. 
per  dozen,  cash  with  order;  or  a  collection  of  lOD  ordinary 
sorts,  with  one  each  Monstrosity  and  Curiositv,  carriage 
free  for  45. ;  cash  with  order.  NOW  IS  THE  BEST  TIME 
TO  PLANT. 

Smdfor  CATALOGUE:,  absolutely/  teeming  with  interest 
ami  Xovelties. 

VICCARS~~CbLLYER^  &    CO., 

Central  Hall,  Sliver  Street,  Leicester. 

Telegrams — "  Central,  Leicester." 


ORCHIDS. 

AN    IMiMENSE   STOCK, 

ALL    IN    FINE     CONDITION. 

INSPECTION  INVITED. 


Catalogues  free  on  application  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE    VINEYA.ED    &    NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,    near    LIVERPOOL. 


HOOPER   &    CO.,    Lim., 

COVENT    GARDEN   LONDON. 


BEGONIAS. 

For  bedding-out  or  pot-,  splendid  varieties.     Those  are  seed- 
lings t)i!it  can  be  thoroughly  recommended. 

Per  dozen,  4s.,  post-free. 

GLOXINIAS. 

Seedlings  of  our  magnificent  strain^,  not  equalled  by  any  in 
existence  that  we  are  aware  of.     The  most  superb  of  house 

phinta.  In   thumb-pots,  6s.  dozen. 

PETUNIA  HOOPER'S  EMPRESS. 


SGHUBERTIA  GRANDIFLORA. 

A  new  plant  of  great  merit,  destined  to  take  a  prominent 
position  aa  one  of  the  best  novelties  introduced  for  many  years. 
It  flowers  profusely  ia  clusters,  shape  of  the  Allamanda,  pure 
white,  deliciously  scented,  and  lasting  a  long  time  in  water ; 
flowers  large  and  of  good  substance.  For  cut  blooms  and 
decorative  purposes  it  i^  unique;  the  culture  most  simple  in 
the  ordinary  greenhoui^e  or  conservatory. 

7s.  6d.  and  10s.  6d. 
HOOFEB  &  CO.,  Limited,  Covent  Garden. 

SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  tune  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  Stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that 
without  seeing  it  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception 
of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

FRUIT  TREES,  ROSES,  AZALEAS,  CAMELLUS, 
EOUVAKDIAS.  CYCLAMENS.   ERICAS.  EPACRIS.  PRIMU- 
LAS, SOLANUMS.  TREE  CARNATIONS,  and  other 

WINTER   and    SPRING  BLOOMING   PLANTS, 

Of  tine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 

Inspkction  Invited, 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  au  area  of  274,600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW    &    CO., 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,   E. 


DUTCH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

FRENCH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

ENGLISH    BULBS    CHEAP. 

See  our   Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulbs, 

free  on  applicatioyi, 

containing  List  of  all  the  best  varietiesotHYACINTHS, TULIPS, 

CROCUS,  LILIES,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS,  SNOWDROPS,  &c. 
Please  compare  oar  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS    &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  aiiJ  Bulb  Mercliauts, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


268 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeb  3,  1887. 


L'HORTICULTURE  INTERNATIONALE 

(J)ircctor.s:  MM.  J.  LINDEN  and  LUCIEN  LINDEN), 

PARC      LEOPOLD,     BRUSSELS,      BELGIUM, 

Have  Yci-}'  much  pleasure  in  offering,  at  A'ery  moderate  prices,  the  tWO  finest  neW  Orchids  of  the  year. 

First-class  Certificates  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  August,  1887. 


CYPRIPEDIUM   PRyESTANS,  Eohb.  f. 


I  CATASETUM  BUNGEROTHI,  n.  e.  Brown. 

oLs.  Qil.  to  63.S.  I  Good  established  plants  .  .   31«.  Qd.  and  GSs. 

42s.,  84.5.  and  105s.  I  Plants  in  bud      . .         . .  84s.  and  105s. 

Carriage  free  to  any  part  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

77/1"  Horticultural  Press  is  unanimous  in  praise  of  the  tivo  highlij  remarhihle  new  Orchids. 


(  ood  imported  plants 
1  stablishcd  plants 


Add'y     to     MM.     LINDEN,      PARC     LEOPOLD.      BRUSSELS. 


STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  de'^criptire  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free.  3d.— VI.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers.  Driffield. 

SCILLA  SIBIRICA.— Of  this  variety  may  be 
obtiiined  many  thousands,  all  first  and  second-class  roots, 
at  moderatP  price:^.    Apply  to 

Mr.  v.  \'AN  TIL,  Jnii.,  Bulb  Grower,  Hillegom,  Holland. 

F      LEWIS,    NrnsERYMAN,    The     Leylands, 
•     Deily.  has  a  few  Tliousanl  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM 
to  dispone  of  out  of  GO's.  extra  strLiii{;,  Ife.  per  100. 

Cash  with  order.     Price  per  JOUO  on  application. 


CAnCJ    CRIMSON   CLOVE  (True)  for  Dis- 

•-'V/V/V/  posol.  Good  strong  Layers,  12s.  perlUO,  forwarded 
free  for  cash  with  order.— GOWERS  AND  EMBERSON,  Comely 
Bank  Nursery,  Walthamitow. 


B. 


MALLER  AND  SONS  bej?  to  offer  to  the 

lly  v.'ell  groi^Ti  stock 


of  EKH'  \s    ill-  •..    ■'       ■:'■          

->.  EPACKIS,  SOLA- 

NI'JH.    (,l   \l-  ,    1^,    i    ■.  <    ,'    \  Ml   ' 

■1  VARDIAS.  ADIAN- 

TU.M    (  1   M-.  \  1  .    ii    i.iM    .-,',.  r    ,  l,l;\ 

.    liARUENIAS,    STE- 

PHAN(J11.S,    l-lLl  b  i.I.ArtlH  A,    IKi 

luNS.  GREVILLEAS, 

Vl.N'ES  lu  pots,  &t-.     An  lu^peotiuu  is 

invited.    Trade  CATA- 

LOaUEi  lorwarclcd  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL  SALE  bv  AUCTION  i 

viU  be  held  EARLY  VS 

SEPTE.MBEB. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries 

Lee,  S.E. 

<1{\   i\i\i\    CLEMATIS,   in  Pots,   of   all   the 

\J\J»)\j\j\J  fiiH'ist  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  Howers  of  which  become  lo  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
cluuUiug  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
phmt^;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  S^indi  pots,  2s.  6^. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AN1>  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Wc 


JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOR  EARLY  FORCIXO. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  "S\'hite,  fine  selected 

roots,  :;.-.  i«T  ,ii,/._-n,  l.'.s.  per  100. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  Is.  6d.  per  doz., 

IDs.  per  100. 
,,    Paper  White,  Is.  Gd.  per  dozen.  10s.  per  100. 

TULIPS,    Duo  Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

ad.  per  dozen,  4s.  per  luO. 


All  Carriage  Free.    Catalogues  Gratis  and  Post-free. 

THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 

(Ki;.tISTKRE.)). 

CHARD,     SOMERSETSHIRE. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE,    containing    "HinU   on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  speciea  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive      "List    OF    Nkw,    Rare,    and 

Choice  FRRN9,"and  "  Hardy  North  American  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.   &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY,    SAIE,    MANCHESTER. 


8 


Leave  to  Inform  my  Friends  and  Patrons  that 

n,av.-larK-.Su|,| ,  ..fl  ]„•  l„.,t  .Sel.-.l,.! 

ILVKU    SAM),     I'lO.AT,    ;iik1    LOAM,  now 

ready  for  .Idivi-ry  iiilo  raihvay  Irii.'ks  at  muilerale  ,|uo- 
is.     EuU  particulars  sent  on  application. 
W.  SHORT,  Horticultural  Co..  Midhurst,  Sussex. 


DUTCH 


FLOAA^ER 

-a. 


ROOTS 


JAiS  JEITl^^„^„i^ 

HYACINTHS,       NARCISSUS,       TULIPS, 

AND     OTHER     BULBOUS     ROOTS  ; 

and  are  pleased  to  say  that  they  are  in  exceptionally  fine  condition. 

BULB  CATALOGUE  FOR  1887 

Has  nolo  been  Posted  to  all  our  Custoniers ;   any  one  not  haviny  received  the  same,  a  Duplicate  Copy 
will  immediately  be  forwarded  Post-free  on  application. 

ROYAL   EXOTIC   NURSERY,    KING'S  ROAD,    CHELSEA,    LONDON,    S.W. 


TREPHOforORCHIDS. 

For  Potting,  Itafts,  Bloc^ks.  &c.    To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S.,  F.R.H.S., 

75i,    QUEEN     V  I  C  T  O  K  I  A    STREET,    E.C. ;    and 

SWAN   PLACE.   OLD   KENT  ROAD,  S.E. 

CATALOGUE  of  all  Horticultukal  Requisites  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  ilescriptions. 


WASPS.— DAVLS'S  WASP  DESTROYER 
will  rid  any  place  of  these  pests  instantaneously. 
See  testimonials.  Is.  6rf.  and  2s.  Grf.  per  bottle:  post-free,  Is.  9o. 
a  id  2s.  10(;.— B.  R.  DAVIS,  Yeovil  Nurseries.  Yeovil. 


-    PEAT.    — 

any  quantity,  to  any 


THE       ACME 


Sa 


Safe  and  Sure. 

WEED-KILLER,  for  destroying  Weeds  on  Carriage  Drives, 
Garden  Walks,  Stable  Yards,  &c.  Prices:- Per  gallon,  2s., 
tins  included  ;  5  gallons,  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  ;  10  gallons.  Is.  4(/. 
per  gallon.     One  gallon  makes  26  gallons. 

WORM-KILLER,  for  eradicating  worms  from  Tennis 
Court?,  Lawns,  and  Plants  in  Pots.  Prices: — In  bottles. 
Is.  M.  and  2s.  6rf  ;  per  gallon,  6s. 


THE 


INVICTA  ' 


INSECTICIDE. 

mealy-bng. 


For  destroying  insects  and  parasites,  sii 
scale,  thrips,  red  spider,  American  blight,  &i 
and  2s.  6d. ;  per  gallon,  9s. 

The  "INVICTA"  MILDEW  DESTROYER 

1  Rosea,  Viuea,&c. 
Sole  Proprietors  and  ManufacUtrers, 

THE  AGRI-HORTICULTURAL  CHEMICAL  COMPANY 
TONBRIDGE,  KENT. 

Sold    by   Seedsmen    and    Florists. 

NoTF. — There  is  no  branch  of  our  buiiness  at  Glasgow  or 

elsewhere,  and  we  are  not  connected  with  any  company  of  a 


PE  A  T   —   P  E  A  T 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  i 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Ma,^cal  Estate,  North  Cray,  Kent. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  tour-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  lOs.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6*f.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat.  6s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  id.  per 
bag.    SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  line,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famboro'  Station,  Hants. 


DIE 
IMMEDIATELY. 


j.i«itiwii««MM.M,ir.i,httiiiiiiiiiiiiMm,i,ii,tiMiiiiirijiiMiiajri,i;Kiii::MH,i,mmi5! 
Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

SEALED  BAGS  ONLY, 

7  lb.       14  lb.      28  lb.       56  lb.        1  cwt. 

2/e  4/e  7/e  12/6  20h 

CLAY    &    LEVESLEY. 

TEMPLE  MILL  LANE, 
STRATFORD.    LONDON,    E. 

C.  8t  L.  also  supply  Crushed  Bones,  Bone  Dust,  Peruvian  Guano, 
Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  and  Nitrate  of  Soda,  iu  best  qualities  only. 


Seftbmbbb  3,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEES'     CHRONICLE. 


269 


THE 


GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

(Established  1841) 

CONTAINS    AKTICLES    OX    ALL    DEPARTMENTS    OF 

GARDENING, 

NOTICES  OF  ALL  HORTICULTURAL  MATTERS  of  CURRENT  INTEREST, 

EEPOETS   of  EXHIBITIONS,    EEVIEWS   of   BOOKS,    aud 
HOME,    COLONIAL,   and   FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE. 

Original  Illustrations  by  W.  H.  FITCH,  F.L.S.,  W.  G.  SMITH,  F.L.S.,  W.  J.  WELCH,  and  Others. 

Among  the  Contributors  to  recent  Volumes  the  following,  out    of  many  hundreds, 

may  be  named  : — 


ALPINE    PLANTS  :- 

BACKHOl'SK.  .T. 

BALL.  J.,  F.R.S. 

CHURCHILL.  G.  C.  Clifton,  Bristol. 

CORKEVON,  H.,  Geneva. 

DEWAK,  D..  Kew. 

DOD.  Ber.  C.  W. 

JENKINS,  E.,  Potter. 

AMATEUR    GARDENING  :- 

BABGEK,  E.  \V. 

BOYLE,  Hon.  Mrs.  E.  V.  B. 

'•  S.  BRIGID." 

BRIGHT,    the    late    H.    A.    ("Notes 

from  a  Lancashire  Garden"). 
CLARKE,  Col.  Trevor. 
EWBANK.  Rev.  H.,  Byde. 
LOWNE,  B.  T. 
OWEN,  Miss,  Knockmullen. 
PHILBRICK,  Q.C. 
THOMSON,  W. 
WEIR,  HABBISOX. 

ABBORETHH  :— 

BARRON.  W.,  ror-owash. 
LAVAILEE,  AIphon.-e,  the  late. 
NICHOLSON,  G.,  Curator,  Royal  Gar- 
dens, Kew. 
SARGENT,  Prof..  Boston.  U.S.A. 
WEBSTER,  A.  D. 
YOUNG,  JIaurice. 

BEE-KEEPING  :- 

CHITTY,  W. 
ROBINSON,  J.  F. 

CHEMISTRY  ;- 

CHURCH,  Prof..  Kew. 
DEHERAIN,  Prof.,  Paris. 
DY'ER.  Bernard. 
GILBERT,  Prof.,  Rothamsted. 
L.IWES,  Sir  J..  Rotham-ited. 
WARIXGTON,  R.,  Rothamsted. 
WILLIS,  J.  J. 

DISEASES    OF    PLANTS  :- 

ARTHIT!,  Prof.,  New  York. 
BASTIAN,  Dr.  Charlton,  F.R.S. 
BEIJERINCK,  Prof.,  Wageningen. 
BERKELEY,  Kev.  M.  J.,  F.R.S. 
COBBOLD,  T.  S.,  F.R.S.,  the  late. 
COOKE,  Dr.  M.  C. 
MURRAY,  G.,  British  Mu.5«um. 
PAGET,  Sir  James,  F.K.S. 
PHILIPPS,  W. 

PLOWEIGHT,  O.  B.,  (Fungi). 
SMITH,  W.  G. 
SORAUER.  Prof.,  Proskau. 
WARD,    Prof.     Marshall,     School     of 
Forestry. 


BAKER.  J.  G.,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew, 

DRUERY,  C. 

HEMSLEY,  A. 

MOORE,  T.,  Botanic  Gardens,  Chelsea. 

FLORISTS'    FLOWERS  ;- 

DEAN,  R.,  Ealing. 
DODWELL,  E.  S.,  Oiford. 
D'OMBRAIN.  Rev.  H.  H. 
DOUGLAS,  J.,  nford. 
DOWN  IE,  J.,  Edinburgh. 


HORNER,  Kev. 
MOLYNEUX.  E. 
PAUL,  G.,  Paisley. 
TUKNEK,  C,  the  late. 


FOREIGN    CORRESPONDENCE;— 

ANDRE.  E..  Pnris. 
AXTOINE,  F.,  the  late.  Vienna. 
BENNET.  H..  .M.D.,  SIcntoue. 
BERGM-O;.  E.,  Ferrieres. 
BONAVIA,  C  Lucknow. 
CARUEL.  Prof.,  Florence. 
CASPARY',  Prof.,  Koenigsberg. 
DE  >LIR,  J.  A.,  Boston,  U.S.A. 
DRUDE.  Prof.,  Dresden. 
DUCHARTRE,  Prof.,  Paris. 
EICHLER,    Prof.,    Director,    Imjerial 

Bot;inic  Gardens,  Berlin. 
FENZI,  Cav.  E.,  Florence. 
HANBUBY,  T.,  Mentone. 
HENRIQUEZ,  Prof.,  Coimhra. 
JOLY,  C,  Paris. 
KOLB,  Mai,  Munich. 
KRELAGE,  E.  H..  Haarlem. 
LAN6E,  Prof..  Copenhagen. 
MEEHAN,  T.,  Philadelphia. 
MONTEIRO,  Chev.,  Lisbon. 
MORREN,  the  late  Prof..  Liege. 
NAUDIN,  C,  Antibes. 
NELSON.  C.  J.,  Orange  Free  State. 
OLI\'EmA,  J.  D.',  Oporto. 
OLn'ER,  Captain  S,  P.,  Madagascar. 
PL.ANCHON.  Prof.,  Montpellier. 
PYNAERT.  E.,  Ghent. 
KEGEL,  E.,  St.  Petersburg. 
RODIGAS.  E..  Ghent. 
SURINGAR.  Prof..  Leyden. 
TROUBETZKOI,  Prince  (Eucalyptus). 
VILMORIN,  H.  de,  Paris. 
WITTMACK,  Dr.,  Berlin. 
WOLKENSTEIN,  St.  Petersburg. 


BRACE.  C.  J.,  France. 
FR.VNCE,  C.  S.,  Aberdeen. 
JUCHIE,  C.  Y.,  Cullen,  Aberdeen. 
WEBSTER,  A.  D.,  Carnarvonshire. 

FRUIT    CULTURE  :- 

BARRON.  A.  F.,  Chiswick. 
BLACKMORE,  R.  D. 
BUNYARD,  G.,  Maidstone.  Kent. 
CHEAL,  J.,  Crawley,  Sussei, 
Rn-ERS,  T.  F. 
W-AED,  E.,  Hewell  Grange. 

GARDEN    BOTANY  ;- 

BAKER,  .1.  G.,  F.R.S. 

BALFOUR,  Prof..  Oxford. 

BALL,  J.,  F.R.S. 

BENTHAM,  the  late  G.,  F.R.S. 

BROWN,  N.  E.,  Herbarium,  Kew. 

BURBIDGE,  F.  W.,  Botanic  Garden", 

Dublin. 
CLABKE,  Col.  Trevor. 
CLAKKE,  C.  B.,  F.R.S. 
COOKE,  Dr.  (Fungi). 
CORNU,  Prof.  Mai,  Paris. 
DECAISNE,  the  late  Prof.,  Paris. 
DE  C.iNDOLLE,  A.,  Geneva. 
DY'ER,    W.    T.    T.,    Director,    Royal 

Gardens,  Kew. 
ELLACOMBE,  Rev.  Canon. 
ELWES,  H.  J.  (Lilies).  [fers). 

ENGELMANN,  the  late  Dr.  G.  (Coni- 
FRANCHET.  Paris. 
GRAY,  Prof.  Asa,  Bostou,  U.S.A. 
HEMSLEY',  W.  B.,  Kew, 
HOOKER,    Sir    J.    D..    K.C.S.I.,    late 

Director,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
JACKSON,    Museum.   Royal    Gardens, 

Kew  (Economic  Botany). 
LEICHTLDf,  Max,  Baden-Baden. 
JLAW.  G.  (Crocus).    [Gardens,  Kew. 
MORRIS,  D.,  Assistant  Director,  Royal 


GARDEN  BOTANY  :- 

NAUDIN,  C,  Antibes. 
OLrV'ER,  Prof..  F.R.S. 
RIDLEY.  H.,  British  Muslim. 
KOLFE,  Royal  Gardens,  KeA'. 
SMITH,  W.  G.  (Fungi). 
STEIN,  Breslau  Gardens. 
STRICKLAN'D,  Sir  C. 
TODARO,  Baron,  Palermo. 
WATSON,  Sereno,  Boston,  U.S.A. 

GARDEN    INSECTS  :- 

MACLACHLAN,  R.,  F.R.S.,  Pres,  Ent. 


HERBACEOUS    PLANTS  :- 

BAKR.  P.,  Covent  Garden. 
CREWE.  Rev.  H.  Harpur,  the  late. 
DOD,  Rev.  C.  W. 
ELLACOMBE,  Rev.  Canon. 
ELWES,  H.  J.,  Cirencester. 
HARTLAND,  Baylor,  Cork. 
PERRY,  Tottenham. 
POTTER,  W.,  York. 
WILSON,  G.  F.,  F.K.S. 

INDIA    AND    THE    COLONIES  :- 

ADLAM,  H.,  Natal. 

BANCROFT.  G..  M.D.,  Queensland. 

BENNETT,  O.,  M.D.,  Sydney. 

BONAVIA,  Dr..  N.  W.  P.,  India. 

COOPER,  Sir  Dan,,  Bart.,  Sydney. 

DUTHIE,  J.  F.,  Saharunpore. 

H/VBT,  J.,  Jamaica. 

IM  THURN,  Everard,  British  Guiana. 

KING,    Dr.,    Director,    Royal   Botanic 

Gardens,  Calcutta. 
5IAC0WAN,  Prof..  Cape  Town 
MUELLER,      Baron     Sir     Ferd.     V., 

Melbourne. 
MURTON,  H.  J.,  Siam. 
PRESTO,  H.,  Trinidad. 
SCHOMBURGK,  Dr.,  Adelaide. 
SMITH.  T.,  New  Zealand. 
SYME,  G.,  Jamaica. 
TROIEN,  H.,  Ceylon. 

LANDSCAPE    GARDENING  :- 

ANDRE,  E,,  Paris. 
BOSCAWEN,  Hon.  and  Rev.  J.  T. 
BURVENICH,  F.,  Ghent. 
JACKMAN,  J.,  Woking. 
JULIAN,  G.  Richards. 

ORCHIDS  ;- 

ANDERSON,  J.,  Meadowbank. 
BACKHOUSE,  I.,  York. 
BRADSHAW,  A.,  Waddesdon  Gardens, 
BULL,  W. 
BULLEN,       R.,       Botanic      Gardens, 

BUYSSON,  JI.  Le  Comte. 
CRAWSHAY,  De  B. 
LAWRENCE,  Sir  Trevor,  Bart.,  M.P., 
President,  Royal  Horticultural  Soc. 
LEE,  W.,  Downside. 
LINDEN,  Lucien,  Ghent. 
O'BRIEN,  James. 
PFITZER,  Prof.,  Heidelberg. 
REICHENBACH,  Prof.,  Hamburgh. 
KIDLEY,  H.  N.,  British  Museum. 
SANDER,  F. 
SMEE,  A.  H. 

SWAN,  W.,  Howick  House,  Preston. 
VEITCH.  H. 
WILLIAMS,  B.  S. 
WOOLFORD,  C,  Don-naide. 


PRACTICAL    GARDENING  :- 

ATKINS,  J. 

AUSTEN,  J.,  Willev  Court  Gar.len''. 

BAILLn.;,  W.  M.,  Laton  Hoo  Gardei.s. 

BAINES,  T. 

BAKER,  G.  [Oxfori'. 

BAXTER.    W.    H.,    Botanic    Garden:, 

BLAIR,  T.,  Shrubland  Gardens. 

CARJIICHAEL,  A.M., Henley  in  Arden. 

CH.4LLIS,  T. 

CHRISTIE,  A.,  Warwick  Castle. 

COLEMAN,      W.,      Eastnor       Cast'.e 

Gardens. 
COOJIBER,  J.,  The  Hendre. 
COOMBER,  W.,  Regent's  Park. 
CROSSLING,    R.,    St.    Pagan's  Castle 

Gardens. 
CULVERWELL,  W.,  Thorpe  Perrow. 
DEAN,  A.  (Potatos,  &c.). 
DEWAR,  D.,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
DOUGLAS,  J.,  Great  Geariei.  Ilford. 
DUNN,  M.,  Dalkeith. 
EARLEY'.  W.,  Ilford. 
EVANS,  A.,  Lythe  Hill  Gardens. 
FINDLAY,  B.,  Manchester. 
FISH,  D.  T.,  Hardwicke  Gan'.  ns. 
FOWLER,       A..       Castle       I  ennedy 
ERASER,  J.,  Kew.  [Gardens. 

GIBSON,  W.  M.  (Town  Gardening). 
GRIE^'E,  P.,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 
HARRIS,  G.,  Alnwick  Castle. 
HEMSLEY,  A.  (Market  Plants). 
HUDSON,  J.  (Stove  Plants). 
INGRAM,  W.,  Belvoir  Gardens. 
LYNCH,     R.     J.,     Botanic    Gardens, 

Cambridge. 
MiClNDOE,  J.,  Button  Hall. 
MELVILLE,  D.,  Dunrobin  Gardens. 
MILES,      G.     T..      Wycombe    Abbey 

Gardens. 
MILLER,  W.,  Coombe  Abbey. 
MOORE,    F.    W.,    Glasnevin    Botanic 
O'BRIEN,  T.  [Garden. 

RICHARDS,  G.  H.,  Someriey  Gardens 
ROBERTS,  J.,  Gunnersbury. 
BUST,  J.,  Bridge  Castle. 
SAUL,  M..  York. 

SHEPPARD,  J.,  Wolverston  Gardens. 
SMITH,  J.,  Mentmore  Gardens. 
SMYTHE,  W.,  Basing  Park. 
TEMPLE,  M„  Carron  House,  N.B. 
THOMAS,  O.,  Chatsworth  Gardens. 
THOMSON,  W..  Clovenford  (Vinesj. 
WALLIS,  J.,  Keele  Gardens. 
WARD,  E.,  Hewell  Grange,  Brom-sgrove. 
WjIRD,     H.     W.,     Longford     Castle 

Gardens. 
WATSON,  W.,  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
WEBSTER,  J.,  Gordon  Castle  Gardens. 
WILDSIHTH,  W.,  Heckheld  Gardens 
WILSON,  D. 
WILSON,  G.  F.  (Lilies). 


BENNETT,  H. 

D'OJIBR.AIN,  Kev.  H.  H. 

FISH.    D.    T.,    Hardwick,    Bury    St. 

FISHER,  Rev.  O.  [Edmunds. 

GIKDLESTON,  I.  W. 

PAUL,  G.,  Chesbunt. 

PAUL,  W.,  Waltham  Cross. 

VEGETABLE    PHYSIOLOGY  :- 

BENNETT,  A.  W. 
BOULGER,  Prof. 
D.ABWIN,  Charles,  the  late. 
FOSTER.  Prof.  Michael. 
G.IEDINER.  W..  Cambridge. 
GLAISHER,  James  (Meteorology.) 
HENSLO'W,  Rev.  G. 


270 


THE    GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeb  3,  1887. 


EARLY  BULBS 

AT    DUTCH    PRICES, 

To   Produce   Beautiful   White   and    Coloured 

Flowers  for    C/iristmas    and 

Easter  Decoration, 


WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

THE    LARGEST    BULBS    OF    THE    YEAR. 
Price,  per  100,  14s, ;   per  dozen,  23. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  IDs,  6d. ;  per  dozen,  Is.  6d. 

PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  lOs.  6d. ;   per  dozen,  Is.  6d, 

VAN    THOL   TULIPS,  Ked  and  Yellow. 

Price,  per  100,  43.  6d. ;  per  dozen,  9d. 

I     the  Berm 
,     Easter  Lily. 
Price,  per  dozen,  lOs.  6d. ;     eacli,  Is. 

FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA. 

Price,  per  100,  163. ;  per  dozen,  28.  6d. 


Detailed  CA  TALOG  UE  Gratis  and  Post-free. 


ALL    TAKCELS    CARRIAGE    FREE. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


DUTCH    AND    OTHER 

FLOWERING    BULBS. 

Superb  qualities,  at  moderate  prices. 

Illustrated  Priced  CATALOGUE,  containing 
List  of  all  the  very  best  varieties  of  Hyacinths, 
Tulips,  Crocuses,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  Snowdrops,  &c., 
Post-free  on  application. 

F.  &  A.  DICKSON  &  SONS, 

HE        QUEEN 
SEEDSMEN, 


FLORISTS' 
FLOWERS, 

strong  transjjlanteil  seedlings,  from  our  magnificent 
strains. — Post-free. 

Per  dozen — s  d 

AURICULAS,  Alpine,  very  choice                                    2  (t 

PRIMULAS,  choicest  red...  i    ,^       ,  ,  „    ,          j    (      1  " 

„    „    ,vhito       \  ieauffullyfringcd  \     j  ^ 

,,     ,,    mixed        per  100   10?  id      I  i 

„    ,.     ,,    extra  strong i  6 

,,    Crimson  King,  magnificent  colonr,  fine  plants        3  6 

,,    Queen  of  Whites,  superb  variety                             i  6 

CINERARIAS,  splendid  strain   ...      per  100   10s  6rf     1  0 

CALCEOLARIAS,  herbaceous,  beautiful  strain              2  6 

CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  very  choice,   from 

stan^  llowers,  mixed 1  I) 

PKEMROSES,  bplendid  hybrids  ...      per  100,  10s.  6</.     1  II 

POLYANTL'S,  lioldliirwl,  fine    ...        lur  ion,  7s.  Ci/.     1  li 

DANIELS^  BROS., 

TOWN     CLOSE     NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


ESTABLISHEB      1827. 


L.   PAILLET, 

CHATENAY,  SEINE, 
NEAR     PARIS,      FRANCE, 

Offers  the  following  Plants  .— 

ABAUCARIA  EXCELSA,  nice  plants  from  hpa^l  cuttings  or 
grafts,  10  to  13  inches,  £2  per  dozen;  12  to  16  inche^i,  £2 
to  £2  10s.  per  dozen;  16  to  20  inches.  £2  10s.  to  £3  per 
dozen ;  20  to  24  inches,  £3  to  £i  per  dozen. 

ASPIDISTRA.  10  to  20  leaves,  £1  to  £1  10s.  per  dozen  ;  20  to 
30  leaves,  £1  lOs.  to  £2  per  dozen. 

PHORMIUM  TEN  AX,  4  to  5  leaves,  2  to  2J  feet  high,  £3  per  100  ; 
5  to  7  leaves.  2J  to  3  feet  high,  £4  per  100. 


LILA.CS    FOR    FORCING. 

CFIARLES  X..  ALBA  VIRlilNALIS  —  i.lants  with  6  to  10 
branches.  £i  to  £.^  per  luu  ;  plant.-*  with  10  to  15  branches, 
£5  to  £6  per  100;  plants  with  15  to  20  branches,  extra, 
£6  to  £3  per  100. 

ROUGE  DE  TRIANON(RedotTrianon— new  variety),  with  im- 
mense red  flower,  long  and  large,  enormous  bunch,  superior 
to  Charles  X.,  6  to  15  branches,  £1  10s.  to  £2  per  dozen. 

J^'ote. — All  these  plants  are  cultivated  in  pots,  and  are 
well  set  with  flowers ;  plants  are  from  20  inches  to  3  feet 
10  inches  high. 

LILAC  ROUGE  DE  MARLY  (Red  of  Marly),  variety  employed 
to  obtain  White  Lilac;  sold  in  bunch,  3  to  5  feet,  £4,  £o, 
to  £6  per  100. 

PERSICA  SAUGEANA,  nice  bushy  plants,  3  to  4  feet  high, 
£t  to  £o  per  100.  These  Lilacs  are  grown  in  open  ground, 
transplanted.    Well  set  with  flower-buds. 


STAPHYLEA  COLCHICA,  nice  plants  in  pots,  well  set  with 
tlowers.  £1  to  £6  per  100;  same  in  open  ground  set  with 
flowers.  £3  to  £4  per  100. 

PRUNUS  SINENSIS,  FLORE-PLENO.  in  pots,  £4  to£5  per  100. 

PRUNUS  SINENSIS.  FLORE-PLENO,  on  small  standards, 
2J  to  3  feet,  bushy  head.  20  to  30  branches,  full  of  flower ; 
transplanted,  fit  for  pot  culture  and  for  forcing.  New 
article,  splendid  in  bloom,  £1  5s,  to  £l  los.  per  dozen. 

ROSES,  own  roots  and  grafted  or  budded  on  roots :  best  sorts. 
Tea,  Bourbon  Hj-brid,  1-yr.  and  2-yr.  transplanted, 
100,000  disposable;  25,000  Malmaison,  1-yr.  and  2-yr. 
transplanted.     Price  on  application. 

LILIUM  LANCIFOLTUM  ALBUM  var.  RUBRUM.  goodbulbs,  in 
bloom  now,  with  3  to 6  flowers, from  £2.  £3.  to £3  lOs.  per  100. 

CAMELLIAS,  2^  feet  up  to  3  feet,  £l  IOj.  to  £l  18s.  per  dozen. 


NEW     LILY     OF     THE     VALLEY. 

CON'VALLAKIA  MAJALIS  ALBA  GRANDIFLORA  (Fortin 
variety,  true).  This  splendid  new  variety  has  been  re- 
warded with  a  First-class  Prize  by  the  Committee  of  Flori- 
cultureof  theNationalandCentralSocietyof France.  When 
presented  last  May  (1887).  the  Committee  said: — "This 
splendid  variety,  with  its  flowers  and  bunch,  is  three  times 
as  large  as  the  ordinary  one;  and  will  be  the  most  useful 
and  mostprofitable  plant  for  forcing  florists."  Price: — 1-yr. 
plants.  £1  per  100,  £9  per  1000 ;  2-vr.  plants,  £l  8s.  per  100, 
£13  per  1000  ;  3-yr.  plants,  £2  per  100,  £18  per  1000. 
A'f?^«.— Plants  of  3  years  only  are  able  to  bloom  this  season. 


P^ONIA    ARBOREA  —  PiEONIA 

SINENSIS. 

special  Culture.     The  very  best  and  the  richest  collection. 
r.F:ONIA  ARBOREA.  good  ordinary  sorts:  2.50  varieties. 
NEW  AND  "V'ERY  RARE  VARIETIES.— 55  varieties. 
CHINESE  VARIETIES,  introduced  by  Mr.  Robert  Fortune; 

34  varieties. 
JAPANESE  VARIETIES,  brought  over  by  Japanese  growers 
to  the  Paris  Exhibition,  in  1878;  8  varieties.  Disposable 
by  hundreds  and  thousands,  1,  2.  and  3-yr.  old;  middle- 
sized  plants,  3  to  6  years  old  ;  strong  plants,  6  to  8  years ; 
estra  large  specimen,  8  to  15  years  old. 

All  the  Plants  cultivated  in  pots. 
P.EONIA  SINENSIS— good  ordinary  sorts.  230  varieties;  new 
and  choice  sorts,  26  varieties;  very  new  and  very  rare  sorts, 
22  varieties.    Disposable  in  plants,  1,  2.  and  3  years  old. 

Special  CATALOGUES  of  Pmonies.  printed  in  English, 
containing  List  of  Varieties  with  their  description  and 
price,  will  be  sent  on  application. 
^-  CATALOGUES,  Printed  in  English,  con- 
taining Fruit    Trees,   Fruit  Tree   Stocks,   Poses, 
Pose  Stocks,  and  others,  will  be  sent  on  application. 


CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  knoAvn  to  require  descrip- 
tion. Price,  65.  per  bushel  {\s.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  6rf.  per 
cake ;  free  by  parcel  post.  Is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages aua  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  oursignatureattached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


NARGISS  AND  ALL  OTHER  BULBS. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  of  our  unequalled 
stock  Post-free  on  application. 

"James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

108  EASTGATE  ST.    \ 
'NEWTON'  nurseries)  "'^'''"^'^^' 


THOMAS  S.  WARE, 


HALE  FARM  NURSERIES, 


TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

I  have  pleasure  in  announcing  that  the 
NEW  BULB  CATALOGUE,  in  two  parts,  ia 
now  ready,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  complete 
Bulb  Catalogue  ever  published — no  Hardy  or 
Forcing  Bulb  claiming  any  real  usefulness  is 
omitted ;  the  Catalogue  is  Illustrated  with 
several  IS^ew  Engravings.  Copies  may  be  had 
upon  application. 

NARCISSUS    and    DAFFODILS, 

for  which  the  Tottenham  House  has  a  world- 
wide reputation  amongst  both  Trade  and  Retail 
Buyers,  occupy  a  considerable  portion  of  this 
Catalogue — including  an  almost  innumerable 
niunber  of  forms  from  the  old  popular  garden 
sorts  to  the  most  modern  hybrids,  as  well  as 
many  newly  discovered  varieties.  It  is  necessary 
that  Orders  for  these  should  reach  me  early, 
as  the  demand  is  very  great. 

LILIES. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remind  readers 
of  this  Journal  that  I  have  one  of  the  finest 
Collections  in  the  country,  and  this  portion  of  the 
Catalogue  will  be  found  of  special  interest  to  all 
who  delight  in  any  of  the  many  and  very  varied 
forms  of  this  interesting  family.  This  section  is 
embellished  with  many  high-class  Engravings, 
now  introduced  for  the  first  time;  and  these, 
although  naturally  much  reduced,  give  a  most 
correct  idea  of  the  style  both  of  growth  and 
flower,  of  the  Lilies  they  illustrate. 

DUTCH     BULBS 

have  not  been  neglected  in  this  New  Catalogue, 
and  most  complete  collections  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  kc,  occupy  several  pages. 
All  the  varieties  offered  are  tried  sorts,  and  the 
prices  in  many  cases  unusually  low. 

FORCING    BULBS 

will  be  found  fully  detailed  at  competitive  prices, 
including  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  PAPER 
WHITE  NARCISSUS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
SPIRAEAS,  TUBEROSES,  &c. 

IRIS 

in  endless  variety.  Very  extensive  collections  of 
English,  Spanish,  Siberian,  German,  Japanese, 
and  other  forms  :  my  collection  of  these  is  very 
complete. 

CALIFORNIAN,     CAPE,     AND 

MEXICAN     BULBS. 

Very  extensive  Lists  of  these,  including 
CALOCHORTUS  and  CYCLOBOTHRA, 
AMARYLLIS,  MILLAS,  NERIXES,  &c. 

HELLEBORES. 

A  very  grand  Collection,  in  many  showy  use- 
ful varieties.     All  fine  home-grown  stuff. 


Catalogue  may  he  had  gratuitously  and 
post-free  upon  application. 


Thomas  S.  Ware, 

HALE    FARM    NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,    LONDON. 


Septembeh  3,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONIGLE. 


271 


SUTTON'S   DUTCH 
BULBS 

At  Moderate  Prices, 

SUTTON'S     HYACINTHS. 

"  The  Hyaciiitlis  from  Messrs.  Sutton  have  been 
most  beautiful,  the  best  flowers  Mrs.  Ashby  ever 
had."— J/r5.  ASHBY,  Siai?ies. 

SUTTON'S    NARCISSI. 

"The  bulbs,  consisting  of  choice  named  Hya- 
cinths, Narcissi,  &c.,  have  turned  out  very  satis- 
factory, Hyacinths  especiallyso;  and  my  employer 
is  verj'  pleased  with  the  colours."  —  Mr.  A. 
BABBITTS,  Gardener  to  G.  F.  Appach,  Esq., 
Camdai  Lndge. 

SUTTON'S     TULIPS. 

"At  the  Spring  Show  of  the  Preston  and  Ful- 
wood  Floral  and  Horticultural  Society,  I  obtained 
First  Prizes  in  all  the  Tulip  Classes,  with  bulbs 
from  your  firm."— J/r.  /.  B.  DIJiOA'.  Preston. 

SUTTON'S     CROCUSES. 

"The  4000  Yellow  Crocuses  received  from  you 
have  turned  out  quite  a  successon  curia wn,  where 
we  planted  them.  They  were  simply  splendid 
when  in  full  flower,  and  the  individual  blooms 
were  very  fine."— A/r.  A.  HABBITTS,  Garde/ter 
to  G.  F.  Appach,  Esq.,  Camden  Lodge. 

For  full  particulars,  ppc- 

SUTTON'S   BULB  CATALOGUE, 

Beautifully  Illustrated  with  a  Handsome  Coloured 
Plate  and  numerous  Engravings,  and  containing  full 
Cultural  Instructions. 

Gratis  and  Post-free  to  intendinrj  Purchasers  of  Bulbs. 


SUTTON'S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DiRECT  FROM  READING. 


WILLIAMS' 

BULBS  FOR  EARLY  FORGING. 


Well  ripened  and  heavy  Bulbs  of 

ROMAN        HYACINTHS, 

Early  White,  from  o  to  b\  inches  in  circumference, 
15s.  per  100,  25.  per  doz. 

PAPER   WHITE   NARCISSUS, 

from  5  to  6  inches  in  circumference,  85.  per  100,  Is.  6d. 
per  doz. 

DOUBLE     ROMAN     NARCISSUS, 

from  5  to  6j  inches  in  circumference,  Ss.  per  IW,  is.  6rf. 
per  doz. 


L  I  L  I  U  M 


C  A  N  D  I  D  U  M, 


Pure  White,  extra  strong,  205.  per  100,  35.  per  doz. 


EARLY       ORDERS      SOLICITED. 


Illustrated    Bulb     Catalogue 


B.    S.    WILLIAMS, 

victoria  and  Paradise  Nvirserles, 

UPPER  HOLLOWAY,  LONDON,  N. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

strong  Koots,  45.  p'^r  100.    Plants  in  small  pots.  ^6s.  per  100; 

ditto  in  large  pots,  25.';.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD     SMITH     AND     CO..      Nurserymen     ami     Seed 

Merchants.  Worcester. 

lER^EYFRUIT     TREES. 

W  Lm  I  %  \^  ki  ■  Carriage  Paid.  Cordons  a  specialite. 
Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogues  to  JOSHUA  LE  CORNU 
AND  SON,  High  View  Nurseries,  who  will  send,  carriage 
paid  for  cash  with  order,  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  for  218. 
Early  orders  secure  extra  strong  plants. 


Kent,  the  Garden  of  England. 

GEO.BUNYARD&CO. 

The  Old  Nurseries, 
MAIDSTONE,    KENT, 

Beg  to  call  attention  to  their  Superb  Stock  of 

400,000 

FRUIT  TREES  AND  BUSHES, 

which  embraces 

800    Kinds    True    to   Name, 

remarkable  for  culture  and  extent. 

An  Inspection  is  Solicited.  There  are  fre- 
quent trains  by  South-Eastern  and  Chatham  and 
Dover  Eailways  from  London ;  and  Harming 
Station,  on  the  latter,  is  in  the  great  Fruit  Tree 
Nursery. 

The  NUW  CATALOGUE— wJiich 
is  fully  Illustrated  and  Descriptive — 
free  for  6  stamps;  Gratis  to  Purchasers. 


The  Trees  are  trained  in  all  forms 
suitable  for  the  Market  Grower,  or 
for  Garden  Cultm-e,  and  there  are 
thousands  of  Fruiting  Trees  in  stock, 
Cordons,  &c. 


There  are  also  40  Acres  of 

FOREST  TREES,  CONIFERS,  EVERGREENS, 
AND  FLOWERING  STUFF; 

and  intending  Planters  would  find 
this  department  well  worth  theii; 
attention,  as  the  stuif  is  remarkable 
for  fibrous  roots.      Catalogues  gratis. 


ROSES  are  well  grown, 

and  both  Teas  and  H.P.'s  are  fully 
ripened  and  well-rooted.  New  List  free. 


Liberal  Terms  for  Carriage,  Package,  and 
Discount.     Distance  no  object. 

Established  1796. 


GEORGE  BUNYARD  &  GO., 

MAIDSTONE,  KENT. 


T 


Now  ready,  in  cloth,  lis.  6d. 
KB    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 

Vol.  1.,  Third  Series.  JAN.  to  JUNE.  1887. 
W.    KICHABDS,    41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 


NEW         EDITION, 
Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR 

of 

GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  Sd.,  Post-free  S^d. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 
London,  W.C. 


THE 


SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  3,  1887. 


A  MONTH  AT   THE    CAPE. 

IN  January  of  this  year  I  was  advised,  owing 
to  failing  health,  to  take  a  run  to  the 
Cape.  I  landed  at  Port  Elizabeth  in  the  last 
week  of  February,  and  spent  a  month  in  looking 
about  various  places  of  interest  in  the  colony. 
As  I  had  opportunities  for  examining  the  plants, 
Ijoth  native  and  cultivated,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  towns  I  visited,  some  of  my  notes  may  be 
interesting  horticulturally.  The  flora  of  South 
Africa  is  peculiarly  rich  in  beautiful  plants, 
though  many  of  them  are  difficult  to  manage, 
owing  partly  to  our  ignorance  of  their  real 
wants,  and  partly  also  to  our  inability  to  supply 
some  essential  conditions  even  when  known. 
There  are  one  or  two  important  points  connected 
with  the  culti\ation  of  Cape  plants,  and  the 
first  of  these  is  in  relation  to  the  wet  and  dry 
seasons.  Cape  Town  itself  is  situated  in  a  long 
stretch  of  coast  country  from  Olifant's  River  on 
the  west  to  a  little  below  Port  Elizabeth 
on  the  east.  The  whole  of  this  district  is  cha- 
racterised by  a  summer  of  drought,  the 
months  from  January  to  May  being  usually 
very  dry.  (Of  course  January  at  the  Cape 
corresponds  with  our  July.)  About  two-thirds 
of  the  whole  rainfall  occurs  during  May, 
June,  July,  and  August.  When  I  was  in  Cape 
Town  in  March  there  had  been  no  rain 
for  more  than  six  weeks.  The  consequence  of 
this  is  that  vegetation  generally  is  at  rest  during 
the  hot  weather,  and  springs  into  active  growth 
with  the  return  of  the  winter  rains.  The  flower- 
ing season  is  from  May  on  through  winter,  till 
the  return  of  summer,  the  winter  temperature 
being  high  enough,  with  the  aid  of  the  rains,  to 
arouse  the  plants  from  their  summer  sleep.  It  is 
evident  that  plants  which  rest  during  the  fierce 
dry  heat  of  the  Cape,  making  their  growth  in 
the  cool  season,  find  the  treatment  we  generally 
give  them  the  reverse  of  what  they  eaijoyed  in  a 
state  of  Nature.  In  England  we  force  our  plants 
to  rest  in  winter,  when  we  ha%e  little  light,  and 
make  them  grow  in  smnnier,  when  the  conditionsi 


272 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembee  3,  1887. 


are  most  favourable  ;  but  this  treatment  simply 
kills  many  Cape  plants.  In  May  with  us  such 
plants  as  Ixia,  Sparaxis,  Watsonia,  Gladiohis,  kc, 
are  in  full  flower  ;  they  also  flower  in  or  about 
the  month  of  May  at  the  Cape.  In  the  one  case 
summer  is  approaching,  in  the  other  it  is  just 
ended. 

In  the  eastern  division  of  the  colony,  viz., from 
Port  Elizabeth  to  Natal  and  onwards,  the  rains 
come  with  the  summer,  and  the  country  during 
hot  weather  looks  more  like  our  own.  Large 
tracts  of  Acacia  bush,  &c.,  and  grassy  downs 
stretch  for  miles,  and  thick  forests  block  the 
kloofs  and  valleys,  so  that  the  country  looks 
brighter  and  healthier  in  summer  than  it  does 
around  Cape  Town  in  the  same  season.  Whilst 
vegetation  is  either  at  rest  or  suffering  from 
drought  in  the  latter  region,  in  the  former  it  has 
all  the  appearance  of  a  well  watered  country,  and 
everything  looks  green  and  beautiful. 

That  the  differences  between  these  two  divisions 
are  important  to  gardeners  is  shown  by  the 
conduct  of  the  plants  of  the  one  region  when 
cultivated  in  the  other.  In  the  Botanic  Gardens 
at  Cape  Town  many  of  the  plants  from  the 
Eastern  region  could  not  be  kept  in  health, 
whilst  the  beautiful  bulbous  plants,  Ericas,  &c., 
peculiar  to  the  Cape  Town  region,  are  absent 
from  the  botanical  and  other  gardens  along  the 
East.  Some  plants  are  of  course  common  to 
both  divisions,  as,  for  instance.  Erica  cerinthoides, 
Richardia  af  ricana,  Protea  cynaroides,  and  Suther- 
Undia  frutescens.  I  was  surprised  to  find  that  the 
Silver  Tree  (Leucadendron  argenteum),  which  is 
so  plentiful  on  the  hills  about  Cape  Town,  does 
not  thrive  any  better  in  the  Botanical  Gardens 
there  than  with  us,  whilst  in  the  gardens  of 
King  William's  Town,  Port  Elizabeth,  and 
Grahamstown  it  does  not  thrive  at  all. 

Grahamstown,  where  I  stayed  over  a  fortnight, 
is  inland,  about  100  miles  from  Port  Elizabeth, 
and  40  miles  from  Port  Alfred.  Of  the  towns 
I  visited  it  is  by  far  the  prettiest  and  pleasantest. 
It  is  the  metropolis  of  the  Eastern  district,  and 
the  most  English  town  in  the  colony.  Its  streets 
are  broad,  well  made,  and  well  shaded  with  large 
handsome  trees,  principally  Eucalypti.  Villa 
gardening  is  quite  an  art,  almost  every  house 
and  cottage  having  its  plot  of  flowers  and  foliage. 
In  addition  to  a  fine  cathedral  and  town  hall  it 
boasts  a  well-managed  hospital  and  asylum,  a 
museum,  public  library,  a  naturalist's  society, 
and  beautiful  botanic  gardens.  The  streets  and 
roads  are  all  ups  and  downs,  the  town  being  on 
a  cluster  of  hills,  and  this  adds  considerably  to 
the  beauty  of  the  place.  It  is  a  favourite  health 
resort ;  population  about  8000,  mostly  English. 
The  country  about  Grahamstown  is  exceedingly 
beautiful,  and  teems  with  objects  of  interest, 
both  animal  and  vegetaljle.  Hills,  mountains, 
valleys,  plains  were  all  covered  with  a  rich  vege- 
tation, for  the  rainfall  here  is  both  regular  and 
frequent.  I  was  told  that  in  no  part  of  South 
Africa  is  there  a  richer,  healthier-looking 
country  than  about  Grahamstown.  During  my 
stay  there  we  had  no  less  than  five  wet  days, 
whilst  the  heat  was  always  great,  though  not 
oppressive. 

A  ride  of  a  few  miles  out  of  the  town  in  any 
direction  brought  one  to  the  haunts  of  hosts  of 
beautiful  and  interesting  plants,  and  even  within 
the  limits  of  the  town  itself  there  were  plenty  of 
objects  of  interest  to  an  English  gardener.  I 
made  several  planned  excursions,  mostly  in  the 
company  of  Mr.  A.  Galpin,  who  had  piloted  Miss 
North  when  painting  in  Grahamstown  a  few 
years  before.  There  are  no  restrictions  here  in 
respect  of  downs,  hills,  or  forests,  and  one  is  free 
to  go  where  he  pleases,  and  collect  as  he  likes. 


There  are  few  roads,  and  these  frightfully  bad 
ones  ;  no  fences,  except  perhaps  a  wire  surround- 
ing an  ostrich  farm.  1  said  no  restrictions,  but 
there  is  one  with  respect  to  the  Secretary  Bird, 
which  is  so  interesting  in  its  habits,  that  perhaps 
I  may  be  allowed  to  say  a  word  or  two  about  it 
here.  He  is  related  to  our  English  harrier,  but 
much  taller,  his  length  being  about  3  feet.  The 
name  Secretary  Bird  is  derived  from  the  long 
feathers  which  project  like  quill-pens  on  each 
side  of  the  head.  The  plumage  is  grey,  and  the 
legs  long  and  very  strong.  Snakes  are  the  prin- 
cipal food  of  these  birds,  and  we  frequently  met 
with  them  stalking  along  silently  through  the 
long  grass,  head  on  one  side,  looking  for  their 
prey.  When  a  snake  is  surprised  by  a  Secretary 
Bird  he  assumes  a  defensive  attitude,  curling  him- 
self and  rearing  his  head  in  readiness  to  strike.  The 
bird  runs  round  the  snake,  striking  him  with  his 
powerful  feet  or  beak,  and  cleverly  warding  off 
the  attacks  of  the  snake  with  his  strong  wings, 
flapping  just  as  a  pigeon  does.  At  length  a  well- 
timed  blow  disables  the  snake,  when  he  is  at  once 
seized  by  the  bird  and  carried  up  to  a  great  height, 
and  then  dropped,  the  bird  following  and  dining 
on  the  crushed  body  on  the  ground.  This  de- 
stroyer of  venomous  snakes  is  encouraged  and 
protected  in  South  Africa,  and  tame  ones  are  not 
uncommon  there.  As  a  rule,  the  snakes  do  not 
trouble  one  unless  trod  upon  or  injured  in  some 
way,  but  they  are  so  plentiful  in  some  parts  that 
one  may  easily  put  his  foot  on  one  without 
knowing  it.  W.  Watson,  Keic. 
(To  be  continued.) 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


CYPRIPEDIUM  LAWKENCEANUM  (Rchb.  /.) 
COLORATUM,  7t.  var. 
Among  the  numerous  flowers  of  this  excellent 
species,  which  came  in  my  hand  from  Mr.  Wm. 
Bull,  there  appears  now  a  novelty.  It  is  very  dis- 
tinct, by  its  median  sepal  not  being  very  retuse,  but 
very  markedly  acute,  which  gives  it  an  extraordinary 
shape.  The  very  broad  dark  nerves  have  the  inter- 
stices tinted  with  light  mauve  colour,  and  the  warts  on 
the  petals  are  numerous  and  strong.  Artificially  one 
might  call  it  a  species,  but  I  do  not  think  it  advisable 
to  do  so,  there  being  the  same  essential  characters  in 
both.  The  Bower  is  of  quite  uncommon  dimensions, 
yet  not  equal  to  those  of  the  giant  represented  in 
the  last  volume,  p.  315,  fig.  64.  H.  G.  Rchh.f. 

AiiniDES  ODOEATCM    {Lour.)  BiRMANietjM,  n.  var. 

This  was  kindly  sent  me  by  Messrs.  H.  Low 
&  Go.  It  was  collected  by  Mr.  Boxall  in  Burmah,  who 
wrote  that  the  leaves  were  like  those  of  Aiirides 
virens,  Lindl.  This  is  decidedly  so,  but  the  chief 
characteristic  of  this  species,  at  the  spur's  mouth,  is 
not  to  be  found.  It  has  smaller  flowers  than  Aiirides 
odoratum,  and  in  lieu  of  a  blotch  outside  the  lateral 
sepals  at  the  top  there  is  a  light  purple  line.  The  mid- 
laciniaof  the  lip  is  purple,  very  narrow,  with  a  few  teeth 
at  the  margin,  and  an  apicular  side  lacinia,  quite  as 
in  the  common  Aerides  odoratum.  Spur  green  at  the 
top,  with  some  small  purple  lines  above.  Column 
washed  with  light  purple  in  front.  H.  G.  Uchli.f. 

Cymuidium  ensifolium  {Suo.)  vAn.  esteiatum,  Limll., 
Sot.  Reg.,  1976. 
Mr.  B.  S.  'Williams  has  sent  me  a  very  good  speci- 
men of  this  variety,  imported  from  Assam.  Its 
bulbs  are  exceedingly  hard,  shining,  dark  green,  with 
darker  spots.  The  leaf  is  far  longer  than  a  foot,  very 
narrow  (three  lines  broad),  very  cartilaginous, 
mottled  with  some  scattered  dark  spots.  The  flowers 
have  their  segments  very  narrow,  sepals  green  with 
a  few  red  lines,  petals  white  with  some  purple  lines. 
Lip  white,  mid-lacinia  yellow  with  a  few  brown  spots. 
Column  white,  with  purple  blotches  in  front. 


I  have  several  living  plants  of  the  common  Cym- 
bidium  ensifolium,  Sw.,  at  my  side,  which  show 
broader  and  shorter,  and  not  such  hard  leaves.  A 
wild  Assamese  specimen  has  the  same  narrow  leaf 
and  the  bracts  of  aa  abnormal  length,  even  surpas- 
sing the  flower. 

This  is  so  decidedly  a  marked  variety  in  the 
breadth  of  the  leaves,  that  1  would  not  attri- 
bute great  value  to  this  alone.  Even  the  living 
plants  at  my  side  shows  a  great  variation  in  the 
breadth  of  the  leaves.  All  the  leaves,  however,  have 
that  remarkable  serrature  towards  the  apex  at  their 
borders.  H.  G.Rchb.f. 

Peristesia  sellioeea,  ».  sp,* 
This  looks  so  much  like  Peristeiia  pendula.  Hook., 
that  1  thought  it  was  that  species  before  I  saw  the 
inner  organs.  The  flowers  have  nearly  the  same 
colour,  the  epichile  being  perhaps  more  yellow.  It 
may  be  distinguished  at  once  by  its  armless  column, 
on  which  account  it  comes  near  Peristeria  cerina, 
Lindl.  It  has,  however,  a  saddle-like  callus,  with 
deep  argute  margins  covering  the  whole  disc  ;  it  is, 
therefore,  quite  distinct.  It  was  kindly  sent  me  by 
Mr.  W.  Bull,  who  informs  me  he  received  it  from 
Uemerara.  H.  G.  Rchb.f. 

Catasetcm  fimbiatom  {Lindl.)  viridulcm,  var. 
This  is  a  fine  and  strong  variety  of  the  old  Cata- 
setum  fimbriatura,  Lindl.  The  fimbria;  of  the  lip 
are  as  sliort  as  those  in  the  representation  of  Pro- 
fessor Morren  (see  also  Lindley  in  Paxton's  Fhmcr 
Garden,  p.  124,  xyl.  84),  and  the  callosity  of  the  lip, 
in  lieu  of  being  conical,  is  depressed,  rather  obscure. 
The  sepals  and  petals  are  green,  with  numerous 
reddish-purple  spots.  There  are  some  small  purple 
spots  on  the  base  of  the  inside  and  outside,  and  very 
numerous  on  the  light  greenish-white  column.  I 
had  connecting  links  between  the  typical  plant  and 
this  from  Mr.  W.  Lee  in  November,  1886,  and 
from  my  late  friend,  Mr.  Liiddemann,  June,  1880.  It 
was  imported  from  EoraimabyMr.  F.  Sander,  H.  G. 
Rchb.f. 


LEYSWOOD,    GROOMBRIDGE. 

We  have  it  on  the  highest  authority  that  he  is  a 
wise  man  who  builds  his  house  upon  a  rock  ;  not 
every  wise  man,  however,  gets  a  rock  to  build  on. 
By  a  happy  combination  of  good  fortune  and  wisdom, 
Mr.  J.  W.  Temple  has  placed  his  dwelling 
on  the  very  summit  of  one  in  the  pleasant  neigh- 
bourhood of  Tunbridge  Wells,  and  at  an  elevation  of 
about  420  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Wherever  a  view 
of  it  comes  in  it  presents  a  fine  and  unusual  sight, 
solidly  seated  as  it  is  on  the  bare  rock,  which  rises 
up  almost  perpendicularly  on  one  side.  On  attaining 
tire  summit,  the  advantage  of  such  a  situation,  both 
in  the  near  and  far  view,  is  rendered  apparent,  the 
beauty  of  the  garden  below,  as  well  as  of  the 
many  fine  views  of  the  large  expanse  of  country 
around  being  rendered  most  pleasing  by  being 
viewed  from  such  an  elevated  position.  From  it 
the  view  across  the  pinetuni  shows  in  their  best 
aspect  the  tall  pillar-like  specimens  of  Liboeedrus 
decurrens,  the  gigantic  pyramids  of  Wellingtonias, 
the  graceful  Abies,  the  compact  Cupressus,  and  the 
many  other  rare  Conifers  and  shrubs  with  which 
the  garden  is  enriched.  The  large  clumps  of 
Rhododendrons,  too,  out  of  which  rise  the  heavily 
flowered  heads  of  the  Lilium  auraturas,  which  thrive 
so  well  here,  form  very  prominent  features  in  the 
scene  in  every  direction  ;  and  from  the  high  ground 
even  more  plainly  than  when  in  the  garden  itself,  it 
will  be  noticed  tliat,  altliough  the  place  is  well 
supplied  with  walks— and  well  kept  ones,  too — they 
are  so  well  arranged  that  little  of  them  is  seen 
in   any  of  the  views.     But  first  to  turn  our  atten- 

*  Peristeria  selligera,  u.  sp.— A£f.  Periatente  cerinee,  Lindl., 
hypochilii  lacinii3  triangulis,  disco  valde  incrassato  utrinque 
argute  m:irginato,  hinc  sellrptorrai,  epichilio  articulato 
obiongo-ligulato  revoluto ;  columua  ebrachiata  ;  sepalia  basin 
Usque  liberis.— Fiores  pallide  ochracei  guttatis  striatisque 
atropurpureis  innumeris.  Epichilium  intenBius  flavum.  H.  G. 
Bchb.  f. 


I 


SEPTEJtBER  3,   1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


273 


tion  to  the  rocks,  which  are  the  grand  features 
in  Leyswood.  In  character  they  are  massive,  rugged, 
and  sparsely  clad  with  the  Heath,  Ivy,  and  other 
original  occupants  of  the  position,  among  which  Rho- 
dodendrons are  planted,  and  young  Scotch  Firs  rise 
in  various  heights  and  forms  according  to  their 
success  in  searching  out  nourishment  in  the  deep 
chinks  beneath  them.  Among  the  rocks  around 
the  mansion,  and  sloping  down  to  the  garden,  the 
natural  clefts  and  passages  have  been  developed  into 
a  perfect  labyrinth,  the  walks  being  often  between 
perpendicular  rocks  on  either  side,  rising  to  a  heiglit 
of  30  feet,  and  delightfully  cool,  their  moist  sides 
being  here  and  there  covered  with  little  Rhodo- 
dendrons, Ferns,  and  other  plants  which  have 
sprung  from  the  seeds  shed  from  the  plants  flowering 
above.  Here  and  there  water  presents  itself  and 
an  occasional  rustic  bridge,  thrown  over  a  chasm 
intercepting  the  walk,  renders  the  rocks  as  developed 
at  Leyswood  one  of  the  most  beautiful  features  we 
have  seen  in  any  garden.  On  the  courtyard  side, 
where  a  great  variet)' of  creepers  are  festooned,  the 
natural  rock  is  utilised  as  a  tropical  fernery,  planted 
with  Tree  Ferns,  Cyathea  medullaris,  Todeas,  Triclio- 
manes  and  otiier  Filmy  Ferns,  and  great  masses  of 
coloured  foliage  Begonias  ;  here  the  tall  thin  stems 
of  Dicksonia  squarrosa,  and  the  feathery  foliage  ot 
the  ^ephrolepis  form  beautiful  objects. 

Between  tlie  tropical  rockery  and  the  drawing-room 
entrance  is  a  lofty  dry  conservatory  for  flowering 
plants,  which  acts  in  the  double  capacity  of  a  pleasant 
place  in  which  the  flowers  of  the  season  may  be 
seen,  and  as  a  protection  against  the  damp  which 
naturally  rises  in  the  fernery. 

The  extensive  pleasure-grounds  contain  good 
examples  of  every  branch  of  gardening,  the  Lilies 
being  especially  prominent.  In  one  place  we  came 
across  a  fine  sweep  of  grass  with  border  on  each  side, 
planted  with  herbaceous  and  other  plants,  something 
like  a  pattern  being  maintained  by  a  broad  and 
glowing  band  of  Phloxes  down  each  border  and 
some  gi-and  examples  of  Lilium  auratum  6  feet  in 
height ;  in  another  nook  we  found  a  few  good 
examples  of  carpet-bedding,  and  further  on  a  grand 
piece  of  colour  in  a  compact  flower  garden,  in  which 
the  principal  beds  were  double  Pelargoniums,  which 
have  flowered  well  this  year,  the  most  effective  beds 
being  Guillion  Mangielli,  Madame  Thibaut,  and  Agera- 
tum  Pearl — a  lovely  dwarf  blue.  Here  and  there  her- 
baceous and  alpine  plants  are  planted,  which  are 
bright  with  the  usual  summer  things  so  useful  where 
cut  flowers  are  required,  and  among  which  the 
Riccarton  Fuchsia  is  very  effective. 

The  Glass-houses. 

The  plant-houses  fonn  a  fine  block,  built  on  a  good 
plan  on  a  raised  terrace  convenient  to  but  not  in 
sight  of  the  house.  They  are  chiefly  20  feet 
wide  spans,  and  something  of  everytliing  is  well 
grown  in  them,  but  the  chief  culture  may  be  said  to 
be  the  Orchids.  With  these  considerable  success  has 
been  attained  with  the  cool  house  and  intermediate 
kinds,  especially.  Cattleyas  and  La:lias  are  prime 
favourites,  and  while  some  grand  specimens  of  Lcelia 
elegans,  Cattleya  Skinneri  and  other  favourite  kinds 
appear,  some  of  them  with  twenty  or  thirty  flower- 
sheaths,  and  all  in  splendid  health,  the  newer 
kinds  are  represented  by  the  hundred — for  ex- 
ample the  pretty  Cattleya  LawTenceana,  C.  Bow- 
ringiana,  C.  Gaskelliana,  &c.,  of  which  there  are 
large  batches. 

In  the  fine  intermediate-house  great  promise  of 
bloom  is  to  be  seen  ;  among  others,  Lieliasuperbiens, 
and  many  white  and  red  L,  anceps,  sending  up  spikes 
strongly ;  at  present  in  flower  being  some  good 
Cattlej'a  Gaskelliana,  a  splendid  mass  of  C.  Ac- 
landioe,  a  well-flowered  Oncidium  leucochilum,  0. 
Wentworthianum,  and  other  Oncidiums ;  Ltclia 
elegans  varieties,  Zygopetalum  Gantieri,  Epiden- 
drum  nemorale,  some  very  fine  Cattleya  gigas,  and  C, 
speciosissimum  ;  also  some  well-flowered  specimens 
of  the  handsome  Stanhopea  Wardii. 

Separate  houses  are  devoted  to  Odontoglossnms 
(0.  llan-yanum  and  many  others  in  bloom  or  bud; 
Dendrobes,  Aerides,  &c.,  and  each  class  of  Orchids 


usually  grown  together,  all  of  which  show  the  healthy 
progress  they  have  made  by  the  improvement  in 
their  growtlis  each  year.  The  Dendrobes  are  espe- 
cially fine,  and  as  some  of  the  D.  Dalhousieanuni 
have  attained  a  height  of  about  5  feet  it  is  diflicult 
to  imagine  much  room  for  improvement. 

{Jne  of  the  plant-houses  contains  Camellias  and 
Ericas  growing  together,  the  pillars  being  finely  fur- 
nished by  great  trees  of  scarlet  and  of  white  Brug- 
mansia,  which  fill  the  whole  garden  with  thtir 
fragrance  in  the  evening ;  another  fine  tuberous 
Begonias  and  Celosias ;  a  third  with  Azaleas,  &c. ;  a 
fourth  contains  Eucharis,  Stephanotis,  Gardenias, 
and  Tuberoses  ;  another  Roses  ;  several  have  grand 
exhibition  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  Ferns, 
Cycads,  and  Palms,  with  many  fine  things,  such  as 
AUamandas  in  bloom. 

Others  are  filled  with  various  plants  in  flower, 
wanted  either  for  decoration  or  cutting  ;  while  the 
pits  outside  contain  good  crops  of  Bouvardias, 
Poinsettias,  &c.,  for  succession  in  autumn  and 
winter,  for  wliicli  purpose,  too,  a  grand  lot  of  Chry- 
santhemums are  here  cultivated  quite  up  to  the  best 
exhibition  standard. 

The  fruit-houses  are  very  extensive,  long  ranges 
being  devoted  to  Vines.  All  of  them  have  cropped 
heavily,  the  quality  of  the  produce  being  very  flne, 
if  we  may  judge  by  the  Muscats,  Black  Hamburghs, 
and  others  still  hanging.  The  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
Poaches,  Nectarines  and  other  fruits  are  in  splendid 
crop,  the  long  glass-covered  walls  of  Peaches  and 
Nectarines  especially  presenting  a  very  fine  sight,  so 
evenly  are  the  fine  fruits  distributed  among  the  clean 
healthy  foliage  on  which  no  trace  of  red-spider  can 
be  seen,  and  that  is  saying  much  this  dry  season. 

For  the  rest  of  the  garden  we  can  only  say  that  the 
kitchen  garden  is  as  it  should  be,  neat  and  in  perfect 
keeping  with  the  rest  of  the  establishment  ;  the 
large  plantations  of  fruits  well  kept  and  in  fine  bear- 
ing, the  Pears  on  the  walls  being  magnificent.  In 
fine,  everything  about  Leyswood  Gardens  points  to 
an  appreciative  o^vner  not  grudging  of  capital  and 
skilled  labour  admirably  directed  by  a  clever  and 
competent  gardener  delighting  in  his  profession,  for 
such  we  are  sure  is  Mr.  T.  C.  Moorhouse. 


KEW  NOTES. 

LAGEnsTKoMiA  iNDici. — There  are  several  varieties 
of  this  beautiful  stove  shrub  in  gardens,  the  best  of 
them  being  that  called  elegans,  which  is  grown  most 
successfully  by  Mr.  Ross, the  gardener  at  Pendell  Court, 
Bletchingly.  The  ordinary  form  is  that  now  to  be 
seen  flowering  in  the  Water  Lily-house  at  Kew,  where 
it  is  planted  in  a  shallow  bed  of  soil  near  the  door,  so 
that  it  gets  plenty  of  fresh  air,  and  is  easily  rested  in 
winter.  The  flowers  are  delicate  rose,  and  they  are 
arranged  thickly  in  upright  Lilac-like  racemes  on 
the  ends  of  the  branches,  so  that  they  have  the 
appearance  of  bunches  of  pink  Lilac.  Of  course  the 
structure  of  the  flowers  is  very  different  from  that  of 
Lilac,  the  petals  being  nearly  1  inch  broad,  with 
crimped  edges,  whilst  the  base  is  narrowed  to  a  thin 
stalk-like  claw.  Although  usually  grown  in  stoves, 
this  plant  may  be  satisfactorily  managed  in  a  warm 
greenhouse,  all  it  requires  being  a  sunny  position, 
and  to  be  planted  in  a  well-drained  bed  of  rich  loamy 
soil,  where  it  can  be  watered  liberally  in  summer, 
and  kept  dry  at  the  roots  in  winter.  It  should  be 
pmned  in  spring. 

NELUjrniuM  i.nTEmi. 
"The  Queen  of  American  Water-Lilies,"  as  this 
yellow-flowered  North  American  species  is  called,  is 
apparently  a  shy  bloomer  under  cultivation  in 
English  plant-houses.  It  has  flowered  in  several 
gardens  here  within  the  last  four  years,  notably  at 
Cambridge  and  Kew,  but  it  does  not  make  anything 
like  as  fine  a  display  as  it  is  said  to  do  in  its  native 
liaunts,  or  even  in  some  parts  of  France,  where  it 
grows  in  ponds  out-of-doors.  A  plant  in  the 
Water  Lily-house  at  Kew  has  produced  four  flowers 
recently.  It  is  nearly  as  large  as  that  of  its  better 
known  and  much  more  floriferous  brother,  N.  specio- 


sum,  the  colour  of  the  petals  being  creamy-yellow. 
Such  a  summer  as  we  had  lately  would  have 
suited  this  and  otlier  tender  aquatics  had  they  been 
planted  in  tanks  or  ponds  out-of-doors,  but  we  did 
not  anticipate  a  tropical  summer  after  a  winter  pro- 
longed almost  into  the  summer  months.  Nelumbium 
speciosum  is  also  flowering  at  Kew,  and  one  of  the 
plants  is  of  an  exceptionally  deep  colour. 

GocBDS  AT  Kew. 
The  collection  of  tropical  Cucurbits,  which  during 
the  last  few  years  has  been  made  an  attractive  feature 
in  the  Water  Lily-house  at  Kew,  is  now  assuming  a 
picturesque  appearance,  the  Snake-bottle,  Luflfa-lufTa, 
Sikkim  Musk,  and  warty-fruited  kinds  being  all 
represented  by  fruiting  plants.  In  addition  to  these 
there  is  also  a  collection  of  Gourds  which  may  be 
grown  out-of-doors  ;  these  are  planted  on  an  open 
space  near  the  Temperate-house.  This  collection 
comprises  about  fifty  sorts,  and  many  of  them  are 
most  extraordinary  in  shape  and  in  manner  of 
coloration.  There  are  the  Squashes  and  Custards, 
and  Pumpkins  and  Turbans,  and  Crook-necks  and 
Clubs,  with  many  others  known  only  in  England 
through  museum  models  or  pictures,  but  grown  in 
France  and  elsewhere  for  table  use.  Some  of  the 
kinds,  such  as,  for  instance,  the  Colocynths,  known  as 
Orange,  white-striped,  warty,  striped  Pear,  ringed 
Pear,  &c.,  are  most  beautifully  marked,  and  would 
create  a  sensation  if  grown  on  trellises,  so  that  their 
fruits  could  be  easily  seen.  In  the  Berlin  Botanic 
Garden  there  is  a  large  space  devoted  to  Cucurbits, 
which  are  trained  up  long  poles  and  festooned  from 
one  to  the  other,  and  the  effect  made  when  the  fruits 
are  at  their  best  is  very  fine.  But  in  Berlin  they 
usually  get  such  a  summer,  at  least  as  regards 
warmth,  as  this  present  one  of  ours.  The  kind  of 
thing  gardeners  have  to  be  prepared  for  here  is 
something  like  what  has  happened  lately,  viz.,  a 
temperature  in  the  shade  on  the  7th  August  of 
8G°  and  one  of  35°  in  the  morning  of  the  14th.  Can 
anything  be  much  worse  for  tender  plants  out-of- 
doors  than  this  ?  D. 

GlADIOLCS  APEANTIACtlS. 

Tills  is  another  species  of  Gladiolus  recently 
received  from  Jlr.  Adlam,  Natal,  and  recently  flowering 
in  the  Cape-house  at  Kew.  It  produces  an  erect 
scape  3  feet  high,  and  bears  twelve  flowers,  each  of 
them  3  inches  long,  including  the  segments.  The 
tube  is  naiTow,  gradually  widening  upwards  till  it 
spreads  into  a  limb  of  six  divisions,  all  reflexed,  the 
three  upper  twice  as  large  as  the  lower ;  colour 
yellow,  thickly  covered  with  orange-red  dust-like 
spots.  Filaments  yellow,  the  same  length  as  the 
3-rayed  orange-coloured  stigraa.  Among  true  species 
of  Gladioli  this  must  take  rank  as  a  han  Isome  one, 
but  by  the  side  of  the  richly-coloured,  large-flowered 
garden  kinds  it  is  not  of  much  account.   W. 

Greenhouse  Hibiscuses. 
Although  usually  grown  as  stove  plants,  the  forms 
of  H.  rosa-sinensis  may  be  treated  satisfactorily  in  an 
ordinary  greenhouse,  requiring  only  a  little  extra 
warmth  during  winter.  An  unusual  variety,  having 
large  yellow  flowers,  is  now  in  flower  at  Kew ;  it  was 
introduced  by  Messrs.  James  Veitch  &  Sons,  and  is 
app.arently  unnamed.  But  the  plants  to  which  it  is 
intended  here  to  call  particular  attention  are  two 
species  of  Hibiscus,  now  in  flower  in  the  Temperate- 
house  at  Kew,  viz.,  H.  coccineus  and  H.  cisplatanus. 
The  former  is  figured  as  H.  speciosus  in  Bot.  Mag.^ 
t.  3li0  (1797),  where  it  is  stated  that  "  those  who 
admire  Nature's  clocks  more  than  her  watches,  will 
view  with  pleasure  our  representation  of  this  very 
superb  species  of  Hibiscus,  a  native  of  Carolina,  and 
cultivated  here  by  Dr.  John  Fothergill  in  1778.'' 
The  plant  has  a  stout  perennial  rootstock,  from 
which  annual  herbaceous  smooth  stems  are  thrown 
up  to  a  height  of  0  feet  or  more,  and  clothed  with 
hemp-like  leaves,  from  the  axils  of  which  on  the 
upper  portion  of  the  stems  the  large  flowers  appear 
about  August.  These  are  6  inches  across,  almost 
flat,  the  five  broad  obovate  petals  standing  quite  clear 
of  each  other:  thev  are  brilliant  crimson  in  colour. 


274 


TSE    GAliDENEBS'     CBl^ONICLE. 


[Sepi'emelti  3,  1887. 


as  also  is  the  stamiaal  column.  In  the  warmer  parts 
of  England  this  plant  should  prove  a  valuable  hardy- 
border  plant,  as  it  would  probably  thrive  under  the 
same  treatment  as  answers  for  Hollyhocks.  11.  cis- 
platanus  is  also  herbaceous  stemmed,  erect,  stout, 
4  feet  high,  the  leaves  somewhat  various  in  shape, 
generally  lanceolate,  or  slightly  three-lobed,  the 
whole  plant  being  covered  with  gi-een  hisjiid  hairs. 
The  flowers  are  similar  in  shape  to  those  of  the 
common  H.  syriacus,  the  five  overlapping  petals 
forming  a  cup  2}  inches  deep  and  wide ;  their  colour 
is  pale  mauve,  with  a  blotch  of  deep  crimson  at  the 
base  of  each  petal.  The  large  stigma  also  is  deep 
crimson.  The  Kew  plant  is  one  of  the  Joad  collec- 
tion, where  it  was  named  H.  spinulosus.  W. 


XANTHOCERAS    SORBIFOLIA. 

The  desire  to  place  before  our  readers  illustrations 
and  descriptions  of  "new  plants  "as  soon  as  they  appear 
is  attended  with  some  drawbacks.  One  of  the  principal 
of  these  lies  in  the  circumstance  that  the  plant  itself 
is  at  first  seen  only  by  a  vei"y  limited  number  of 
persons,  and  that  in  many  cases  it  takes  years  before 
the  gardening  public  in  general  becomes  acquainted 
with  it.  Such  is  the  case  with  the  very  beautiful  hardy 
shrub  of  which  we  give  a  figure  at  p.  273  (fig.  65).  It 
was  originally  introduced  in  1868  from  Mongolia  by 
the  Abb^  David,  was  figured  in  Van  Houtte's  Flore 
des  Serves,  in  the  Ecviie  Horticolc,  the  Garden,  the 
Botanical  Magazine,  and  by  ourselves,  on  April  29, 
1876.  Now,  after  ten  years  or  more,  if  we  may  judge 
from  the  inquiries  which  reach  us,  the  plant  is  at  length 
becoming  known,  and  in  order  the  better  to  secure 
due  recognition  for  so  handsome  a  shrub  we  think  it 
advisable  to  reproduce  the  ilhistration  given  ten 
years  ago,  together  with  the  Pavia-like  fruits  which 
have  been  sent  us  from  one  or  two  correspondents 
(fig.  61). 

The  character  we  gave  of  it  years  ago,  as 
a  hardy  shrub,  free-flowering,  and  easy  to  force,  has 
been  maintained,  so  that  we  can  but  renew  our  recom- 
mendations in  its  favour.  The  flowers  are  white, 
with  a  purplish  eye,  and  have  in  their  interior  five 
yellow  horns,  whence  the  name. 


Scotland. 

ROYAL    HOKTICULTURAL    SOCIETY    OF 
ABERDEEN. 

A  MEETING  of  the  directors  of  this  Society  was 
held  on  Wednesday  evening,  the  24th  ult..  Councillor 
Lyon  presiding.  The  Chairman  announced  that, 
owing  to  the  success  of  the  summer  show,  the 
Society  was  now  free  from  debt,  and  that  there  was 
a  surplus  on  hand.  It  was  resolved  that  the 
autumn  e.\hibition  should  be  held  on  September 
16  and  17,  and  a  deputation  was  appointed  to  wait 
on  Lord  Provost  Henderson,  of  Aberdeen,  to  re- 
quest that  the  show  might  be  held  in  the  Aberdeen 
Art  Gallery. 

The  deputation  waited  on  the  Lord  Provost  on 
Thursday,  the  25th  ult.,  and  a  meeting  of  the  Gal- 
lery Committee  of  the  Aberdeen  Town  Council  is  to 
be  called  to  consider  the  application. 

Excursion  of  the  Scottish  Alpine  Botanical 
Club  to  Norway. 

The  Scottish  Alpine  Botanical  Club  was  instituted 
at  Killin,  in  1870,  and  "  the  object  of  the  Club  is  to 
investigate  the  alpine  flora  of  Scotland."  This  year 
it  was  agreed  to  visit  Norway,  partly  for  the 
purpose  of  examining  the  flora  of  the  llardanger 
district  of  Norway,  and  specially  for  the  purpose  of 
contrasting  the  flora  of  Scandinavia  with  that  of  the 
Scottish  Highlands. 

On  ^Vednesday,  August  10,  the  members  of  the 
Club  (including  Professor  Dickson,  President ;  Mr. 
Lindsay,  Curator,  Royal  Botanic  Garden  ;  Mr.  Potts, 
of  Fettes  Mount),  accompanied  by  Professor  Trail, 
Aberdeen ;    Professor   Bower,    Glasgow ;   Professor 


D'Arcy  Thompson,  Dundee,  and  others,  made  their 
way  to  Norway. 

Odde,  on  the  llardanger  Fjord,  was  reached  early 
on  the  morning  of  Friday,  August  12,  and  the  Club 
spent  the  day  botanising  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
far-famed  Buarbroe  glacier,  one  of  the  largest 
masses  of  snow  and  ice  in  Norway.  We  were  suc- 
cessful in  finding  many  rare  alpine  plants  not  found 
in  Britain,  and  some  plants  were  seen  in  great  pro- 
fusion which  are  very  rare  in  Scotland.  Among  the 
plants  collected  may  be  mentioned  Linn;ca  borealis, 
a  beautiful  trailing  shrub  ;  this  plant  was  Ibund  in 
great  profusion  everywhere ;  in  Britain  it  is  very 
rare.  Carum  carui,  common  Caraway,  appears  to  be 
very  common  in  the  parts  of  Norway  visited  by  the 
Club,  whilst  in  Britain  it  is  only  a  naturalised  plant. 
Actjca  spicata,  Baneberry,  was  gathered  in  con- 
siderable abundance,  and  in  fine  fruit ;  this  plant  in 
Britain  is  very  local,  and  is  only  truly  native  in 
Northern  England.      Convallaria   majalis,   common 


properties ;  Alnus  incana,  which  supplants  the  A. 
glutinosa  in  this  part  of  Norway.  The  two  principal 
Ferns  collected  were  Woodsia  ilvensis  and  Struthi- 
opteris  germanica,  the  Ostrich  Fern.  Both  were  seen 
in  abundance.  The  first  is  one  of  the  rarest  of 
British  Ferns,  and  the  second  is  not  found  in  Britain. 

Saturday,  13th,  was  spent  at  Eide,  a  small  village 
on  another  branch  of  the  Hardanger  Fjord.  Here,  in 
addition  to  many  of  the  plants  coll  iCtcd  on  the  previous 
day,  we  found  Ranunculus  reptans.  Nasturtium  amphi- 
bium,  Arabis  perfoliata,  Subularia  aquatica,  Tilia 
parvifolia,  Impatiens  Noli-me-tangere,  Rhamnus 
frangula,  Sedum  album,  Drosera  rotundifolia,  Circaja 
alpina,  Arctium  Lappa,  Pyrola  minor,  Origanum 
vulgare,  Calaraintha  clinopodium,  Scutellaria  galeri- 
culata,  Lysimachia  vulgaris,  Paris  quadrifolia,  Mai- 
anthemum  bifolium  (two-leaved  JIayflower),  Asple- 
nium  septentrionale. 

Monday,  15th. — We  visited  the  far-famed  Verings- 
fos,  reputed  as  the  grandest  waterfall  in  Norway,  if 


Fig.  64. — xanthoceius  soRniFOLiA  fbuit. 


Lily  of  the  Valley,  was  seen  in  considerable  abundance 
growing  on  rocks  near  the  region  of  perpetual  snow. 
Among  other  British  plants  observed  may  be  men- 
tioned Rubus  saxatilis,  Alchemilla  alpina,  Saxifraga 
oppositifolia,  S.  nivalis,  S.  stellaris,  S.  rivularis,  S. 
aizoides  and  var.  aurantiaca,  and  S.  caispitosa,  the 
rarest  of  all  our  British  Saxifrages ;  Sedum  rhodiola, 
S.  acre,  Epilobiura  angustifolium,  E.  alsinifolium,  E. 
alpinum,  Cornus  suecica,  in  fine  fruit ;  Galium  boreale, 
Scabiosa  columbaria.  Campanula  latifolia,  Vaccinium 
Vitis-Idrea,  V.  uliginosum,  Bartsia  alpina,  Trientalis 
europaa,  various  species  of  Salix,  besides  Caricesand 
grasses.  The  following  plants,  not  British,  were 
gathered; — Ranunculus  aconitifolius,  the  double 
form  of  which  has  been  for  long  cultivated  in  our 
gardens  under  the  name  of  Bachelor's  Buttons ; 
Silene  nipestris,  Saxifraga  Cotyledon,  an  exceedingly 
handsome  plant,  and  one  of  the  commonest  of  Nor- 
wegian Saxifrages  ;  Sedum  annuum,  Carduus  canus 
(this  appears  to  be  the  common  Thistle  in  Norway), 
Erigeron  acre,  Gentiana  purpurea,  whose  root 
resembles  the    officinal   Gentian,   and   has    similar 


not  in  Europe.  The  volume  of  water  is  large,  and  it 
makes  a  direct  fall  of  300  feet.  On  the  way  up  the 
glen  we  gathered  many  of  the  rare  alpines  already 
mentioned,  and  in  addition,  Aconitum  septentrionale, 
a  large,  beautiful  Aconite,  which  in  some  parts  of 
Norway  is  very  abundant;  Arabis  petraja,  Silene 
acaulis,  Cerastium  alpinum.  Astragalus  oroboides, 
Carduus  arvensis  var.  setosus,  Mulgedium  alpinum, 
Pyrola  secunda,  Verbascum  nigrum,  Calamintha 
Acinos,  Polygonum  tartaricum,  Goodyera  repens, 
Luzula  spicata,  Poa  glauca,  &c. 

Tuesday,  16th.~We  visited  to-day  the  Semodal, 
"  a  gloomy  gorge  of  wild  grandeur,"  in  which  are 
some  very  grand  waterfalls.  After  an  hour's  sail  up 
the  short  branch  of  the  fjord  we  landed  at  Sa;d,  and 
for  some  miles  had  a  fine  road,  and  afterwards  a 
rugged  footpath.  This  glen  was  the  richest  in  rare 
alpine  plants  visited  by  the  Club,  not  only  on  account 
of  the  number  of  the  species,  but  also  the  luxuriance 
and  number  of  these  rare  plants.  We  gathered  all 
the  rare  alpine  plants  found  on  the  previous  days, 
and  in  addition  saw  Arabis  alpina,  Silene  maritime. 


September  3,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENEBS'     CUB  ONI  CLE. 


275 


M-.,IV     ''•Ww--- 


Wl 


Fis.  65. — SANTHOceRAs  sorbifolu  :  itaedy  sBitcn :   flowkks  white  with  a  pukple  eye.    (see  p.  274.) 


276 


THE     GAIiDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeh  3,  1887. 


Fragaria  collina,  Saxifraga  cernua  (a  Saxifrage 
found  in  Britain  only  on  the  summit  of  Ben  Lawers), 
Adoxa  ^loschatellina,  Erigeron  alpinum,  Tanacetura 
vulgare,  Gnaphalium  norvegicum,  Veronica  alpina, 
Polygonum  hydropiper,  Kumex  alpinus,  Salix  her- 
bacea,  Polygonatum  verticillatum  (a  variety  of  Solo- 
mon's Seal),  and  Juncus  castaneus.  It  is  worthy  ot 
note  that  the  foUoiving  plants  were  found  in  great 
abundance  and  luxuriance; — Ranunculus  aconiti- 
folius,  Aconitum  septentrionale,  Actica  spicata. 
Silene  nipestris,  Jlulgedium  alpinum,  the  blue  alpine 
Sow-Thistle  ;  Gentiana  purpurea,  Convallaria  majalis, 
and  many  others  either  very  rare  or  entirely  absent 
in  Scotland. 

■Wednesday,  17th.— The  Club  left  Vik  by  steamer 
for  Eide,  where  conveyances  were  waiting  to  drive  us 
to  Vossevangen.  The  drive  to  A^ossevangen  was 
greatly  enjoyed  by  all,  and  near  the  watershed  we 
gathered  in  a  marsh  Vaccinium  Oxycoccus,  the  true 
Cranberry  of  this  country,  and  also  Andromeda  poli- 
folia.  At  Vik  all  the  fields  of  Barley  and  Rye  were 
found  to  be  largely  ergotised. 

The  members  of  the  Club  were  particularly  struck 
with  the  extreme  rarity  or  entire  absence  of  the  fol- 
lowing well-known  Scottish  plants : — TroUius  euro- 
ppea.  Mountain  Globe-flower  ;  Cochlearia  oflicinalis, 
common  Scurvy-grass  ;  Helianthemum  vulgare,  com- 
mon Rock  Rose;  Ilex  Aquifulium,  common  Holly; 
Ulex  europa'us,  common  Whin;  Sarothamnus  scopa- 
rius,  common  Broom  ;  Saxifraga  hypnoides,  Ladies' 
Cushion,  one  of  the  commonest  of  British  Saxifrages; 
Conium  maculatum,  common  Hemlock  ;  Hedera 
helix,  common  Ivy  ;  Lonicera  periclymenum,  com- 
mon Honeysuckle ;  Bellis  perennis  common  Daisy ; 
Senecio  Jacoba^a,  common  Ragwort ;  Thymus  Ser- 
pyllum,  common  Thyme  ;  Armeria  maritiraa,  found 
on  all  our  Scottish  high  hills ;  Juncus  communis, 
common  Rush ;  and  Asplenium  viride,  one  of  the 
prettiest  and  most  abundant  of  British  Ferns.  It 
may  also  be  noted  that  the  Heaths  were  rare,  and 
that  Digitalis  purpurea,  common  Foxglove,  was  only 
seen  at  Odde,  although  the  localities  visited  were  just 
such  places  as  this  plant  would  be  found  in  very 
abundantly  in  Scotland. 

Thursday,  18th. — AVe  left  Vossevangen  this  morn- 
ing by  the  early  train  for  Bergen,  where  we  found 
the  St.  Siinnim.  The  St.  Siinnim  left  Bergen  about 
7  P.M.,  and  reached  Aberdeen  in  rather  less  than 
twenty-one  hours — one  of  the  quickest  passages  on 
record.  The  vessel  arrived  in  Leith  Roads  shortly 
before  midnight  on  Friday,  19th  ult. ;  and  thus 
ended  a  very  pleasant  and  most  .successful  excursion 
of  the  Club  to  the  Hardanger  district  of  Norway. 
It  is  right  to  add  that  Professor  Blytt,  Professor  of 
Botany  in  the  University  of  Christiania,  furnished 
the  Club  with  a  list  of  the  rare  plants  known  to 
grow  in  that  region,  and  supplied  valuable  informa- 
tion for  the  use  of  the  members.  L. 

Insch  Horticultural  Society. 
The  annual  show  of  flowers,  fruit,  vegetables,  &c., 
by  the  Insch  Horticultural  Society  was  held  in  the 
public  school  buildings,  Insch,  Aberdeenshire,  on 
the  13th  ult.  The  show  was  divided  into  two 
divisions,  professional  and  amateur.  The  profes- 
sional division  was  the  largest  ever  seen  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Insch  Society,  the  competitors  num- 
bering more,  and  the  exhibits  greatly  increased. 
Excellent  specimens  of  Fuchsias  and  Begonias  were 
forward  in  this  class.  The  foliage  Pelargoniums  and 
Coleus  were  also  much  admired.  In  the  amatenr 
division  the  display  was  quite  up  to,  if  not  exceeding 
former  years,  the  cut  flowers  being  a  special  feature 
in  this  section. 

Ormiston  Fruit  Gardens. 
Around  the  prettily  situated  village  of  Ormiston, 
Haddingtonshire,  there  are  about  100  acres  of  land 
devoted  to  fruit  growing.  The  tenants  hold  their 
land  in  perpetuity  at  almost  a  nominal  rent  by  virtue 
of  an  old  and  irrevocable  agreement  with  a  former 
landlord.  The  rent  cannot  be  raised,  but  the 
tenants  are  not  exempt  from  the  tax-collector's 
attentions,   and   find   themselves   in   the  somewhat 


anomalous  position  of  having  to  pay  annually  more 
to  that  functionary  than  to  the  laird. 

The  soil  is  a  light  kindly  loam,  very  responsive  to 
good  culture,  and  is  particularly  well  adapted  to  the 
cultivation  of  the  hardier  fruits.  The  Apple,  Rasp- 
berry, Strawberry,  Gooseberry,  and  red  Currant,  are 
the  specialties  to  which  the  community  gives  its 
attention  almost  exclusively.  The  cultivation  of 
the  Plum  has  been  tried  by  several  of  the  growers  in 
recent  years,  but  all  varieties  have  succumbed  to 
canker — even  that  almost  cosmopolitan  sort,  Vic- 
toria, refused  to  live — and  this  source  of  profit  has 
been  given  up.  Pears  thrive  when  grown  as  trees, 
and  are  planted  in  some  cases  for  shelter,  but  no 
reliance  can  be  placed  on  their  making  a  paying 
crop.  The  quality  is  never  good,  and  the  quantity 
is  too  uncertain  to  be  depended  on.  Apples  are, 
however,  grown  largely,  and  are  this  season  a  fair 
average  crop,  some  varieties  being  very  abundant. 
The  long-continued  drought  has  prevented  the  fruit 
swelling  to  usual  size,  yet  the  growers  consider  the 
crop  will  be  fairly  remunerative.  Very  few  varieties 
are  grown,  some  of  which  are  well  known,  while 
others  appear  to  be  of  local  origin.  Blenheim 
Orange,  Lord  Suflield  (the  latter  much  given  to 
canker).  Pitcher,  Fletcher's  Seedling,  Eve,  Ecklin- 
ville  Seedling  (the  last-named  a  great  favourite,  and 
deservedly  so),  are  among  the  chief  varieties  planted. 
GoosebeiTies  occupy  a  large  proportion  of  the  space, 
and  are  grown  for  the  Edinburgh  and  other  local 
markets,  and  the  commercial  preservers  of  fruit. 
These  fruits  have  been  a  very  abundant  crop  this 
season.  The  most  remarkable  sort  noticed  was  one 
raised  in  the  district,  named  Preston  Seedling,  Mr. 
Wright,  of  Prcstonpans,  being  the  raiser.  It  is  a 
large-sized  green  fruit,  hairy,  with  a  delicious  flavour. 
The  bush  is  vigorous  in  growth,  and  crops  heavily. 

Raspberries  are  greatly  relied  upon,  but  owing  to 
the  protracted  drought  this  season  the  crop  was  mnch 
below  the  average.  Some  of  the  growers  state 
their  shortcoming  on  this  item  alone  to  be  from 
£150  to  £200,  and  that  they  will  be  unable  to  com- 
plete their  contracts  with  the  preserve-makers.  The 
promise  of  a  good  crop  was  most  encouraging  in  the 
early  part  of  the  season,  but  the  drought  prevented 
the  swelling  of  the  fruit.  The  varieties  mostly 
grown  are  FiUbasket  and  Red-cane ;  the  latter  pro- 
b.ably  a  local  name,  but  known  to  have  been  imported 
many  years  ago  into  the  district,  but  whence  does 
not  appear  to  be  recorded.  Raspberries  do  so  well 
in  the  locality  that  they  rarely  want  to  be  renewed 
in  a  long  lifetime.  Some  plantations  we  saw  were 
over  seventy  years  of  age,  and  still  doing  well. 

Strawberries  are  extensively  grown.  The  first 
crops  this  season  were  good  and  profitable,  but  the 
later  ones  have  been  almost  a  failure  owing  to  the 
drought.  Tlie  sorts  most  favoured  are  Garibaldi 
and  Elton  Pine,  and  the  plantations  aie  never  al- 
lowed to  exceed  four  years  in  bearing.   W.  Sutherlantl. 


Trees  and  Shrubs. 


ABIES  (PICEA)  NOBILIS. 
Wk  have  a  beautiful  healthy  specimen  of  Abies 
nobilis,  planted  about  twenty  years  ago.  We  disco- 
vered the  other  day  that  the  fine  smooth  stem  was 
split  2  or  3  inches  deep  and  several  feet  in  length. 
I  shall  be  glad  to  know  if  any  of  my  brother  gar- 
deners have  experienced  anything  of  the  same  sort 
amongst  their  Coniferoe,  and  what  remedy  (if  any) 
they  adopted  to  heal  the  wound,  and  the  results. 
Tliomas  Jonef,  Hibsion  Gardens,  Wclherfnj,  Yorkshire. 

Veronica  cupressoides. 
Your  correspondent  "  D.,"  at  p.  247.  raises  a  ques- 
tion as  to  the  identity  of  Veronica  salicornioides  and 
settles  it  in  a  manner  obviously  to  his  own  satisfac- 
faction,  though  to  others  perhaps  besides  myself  he 
may  have  conveyed  the  impression  that  the  evidence 
he  educes  hardly  justifies  his  conclusion.  He  says  ; 
— "  The  plant  so  long  known  in  gardens  as  Veronica 
salicornioides  is  found  on  comparison  to  have 
nothing   whatever   to   do    with     that    species ;    in- 


deed it  does  not  even  belong  to  the  same  series. 
It  is  identical  and  answers  in  every  way  to  the 
specimens  and  descriptions  of  V.  cupressoides, 
Hook,  fil."  If  this  be  so,  it  would  be  interesting  to 
learn  what  the  plant  equally  long  known  in  gardens 
as  V.  cupressoides  really  is.  Not  having  seen  Sir  J. 
D.  Hooker's  specimens,  I  can  say  nothing  regarding 
them,  but  I  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  his 
description  of  V.  salicornioides  exactly  agrees  with 
the  character  of  the  plant  hitherto  known  by  that 
name  in  gardens.  His  description,  moreover,  as 
regards  the  habit  and  general  aspect  of  the  plant  as 
seen  in  gardens,  would  fairly  agree  with  these  points 
of  the  character  of  Salicornia  radicans,  which  your 
correspondent  says  "  specimens  labelled  salicor- 
nioides very  nearly  resemble.'  On  the  other 
hand,  I  have  equally  little  hesitation  in  aver- 
ring that  the  same  author's  description  of 
V.  cupressoides  accurately  agrees  with  the' 
plant  recognised  in  gardens  by  that  name.  The 
description  of  tlie  latter  runs — "  a  dense  exces- 
sively branched  bush,  1—0  feet  high,  with  branches 
erect,  fastigiate,  slender,  glabrous,"  &c.  This  is  in 
perfect  harmony  with  the  character  of  living  speci- 
mens of  this  species,  which  resemble  nothing  more 
closely  than  a  compact  upright  Cupressus.  These 
two  species  were  introduced  and  cultivated  by  the 
late  Mr.  Anderson-Henry  in  his  garden  at  Hay 
Lodge,  Trinity,  Edinburgh.  There  V.  cupressoides 
presented  the  same  unvarying  character  of  upright, 
fastigiate  growth,  and  attained  the  height  of  over 
3  feet,  while  V.  salicornioides  was  always  almost 
prostrately  decumbent  in  habit,  rarely  reaching  the 
height  of  1  foot,  more  frequently  only  half 
that  height.  These  characteristics  are  presented 
also  in  the  several  specimens  of  both  species 
growing  in  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Edinburgh, 
and  I  venture  to  submit  that  they  are  of  more  value 
as  a  practical  specific  distinction  than  that  alleged 
by  your  correspondent — viz.,  "  Leaves,  V.  cupres- 
soides l-16th  of  an  inch  long,"  and  V.  salicornioides 
"  l-20th  to  I-lOth  of  an  inch,"  which,  considering 
the  latter  includes  the  former,  constitutes  a  neat 
difference.  I  assume  that  your  correspondent  is 
aware  that  two  specific  forms  are  in  cultivation — not 
one  only,  as  might  be  inferred  from  one  remark  in 
his  note.  I  quite  agree  with  him  that  the  species 
have  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  each  other,  if  that 
is  his  contention  ;  they  are  at  least  quite  distinct ; 
yet  he  will  have  observed  that  Hooker,  the  only 
authority  he  quotes,  does  not  apparently  regard  them 
as  belonging  to  two  separate  series,  but  rather  as 
related  so  closely  as  to  be  placed  by  him  one  after 
the  other  in  his  an-angement.  E. 

Xaxthoceras  sorbifolia. 

Messrs.  Backhouse,  of  York.'send  fruits  of  this 

elegant  shrub,  which  has  proved  quite   hardy  with 

them.    Whether  for  the  foliage,  flowers,  or  fruit,  this 

shrub  is  amply  worth  gi'owing.     (See  figs.  64  and  65, 


pp. 


74,  275). 


Ci-Riors  Spruce  Fir. 


A  sketch  made  by  Hen-  J.  Hiirbj-e  of  a  curious 
growth  of  Spruce  Fir,  is  reproduced  in  the  Garten- 
flora,  August  15.  The  tree,  which  grows  in  a  small 
wood  amongst  others  of  equal  size,  looks  healthy, 
the  upper  branches  are  bent  downwards  close  against 
the  trunk,  while  the  lower  ones  spread  in  the  usual 
manner.  Spruce  Firs  in  a  northern  latitude,  and  in 
Switzerland  and  Bavaria,  often  form  obelisks  rather 
than  pyramids,  and  are  then  known  as  "  Sjiitz  Firs." 

Wellingtonia  oigantea  atjrea. 

The  largest  and  flnest  specimen  of  this  handsome 
tree  that  I  have  seen  is  growing  in  the  public 
gardens  in  Denbigh.  It  is  fully  20  feet  in  height 
and  perfect  in  every  respect,  and  with  the  lower 
branches  sweejjing  the  greensward. 

The  variegation,  too,  is  perfect,  not  piebald  as  we 
frequently  see  in  variegated  Conifers,  but  regular  all 
over  the  foliage.  Growing  as  it  is  in  the  best  of 
loam,  and  in  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Chvj-d,  this  tree 
has  a  most  healthy  and  attractive  appearance,  and 
being  well  looked  to  and  allowed  plenty  of  room 


Septembek  a,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHnONICLE. 


277 


may  in  years  to  come  be  one  of  the  largest  anil 
handsomest  specimens  of  this  Conifer  in  the  British 
Isles.  A.  B.  Webster. 

The  White  Popl.ui  as  a  Seaside  Tree. 
It  may  not  be  generally  kno«Ti  how  well  adapted 
the  White  Poplar  (Populus  alba)  is  for  planting  along 
the  sea  coast.  That  it  is  so  is,  however,  a  fact,  the 
truth  of  which  will  soon  be  corroborated  by  the 
visitor  to  the  Rhyl  Winter  Gardens,  for  there  it  may 
be  seen  forming  broad  belts  and  in  the  rudest  health 
where  fully  exposed  to  the  hard-blowing  saline 
blasts.  A.  S.  Webster.  [It  is  planted  on  some  parts 
of  the  Kent  coast — e.g.,  near  Folkestone.  Ed.] 


OUR    NATIVE    FERNS    AND 
THEIR  VAraETIES. 

(Continued  from  p.  129 J 

3.  Fern  Cpltcee. — The  next  step,  after  the  acqui- 
sition of  Ferns,  by  hunting  for  them,  or  by  the  simpler 
method  of  purchase,  is  to  ensure  their  continued 
existence  and  proper  development  by  suitable  cul- 
ture, and  here  Nature  herself  is  the  best  teacher. 

In  the  large  majority  of  cases  Ferns  will  be  found 
growing  in  woods  and  sheltered  spots,  where  there  is 
abundance  of  leaf-mould,  or  else  upon  soil  of  a  light 
loamy  or  peaty  nature  ;  others  are  found  inserting 
their  tiny  rootlets  in  the  chinks,  cracks,  and  crevices 
of  stone  or  brick  walls  or  rocks;  in  all  these  cases 
there  exist  the  first  desiderata  of  healthy  growth, 
viz.,  thorough  drainage,  every  facility  for  the  tender 
root-tips  to  make  their  way  freely,  and  finally,  pro- 
tection of  the  crown  from  hot  sunshine.  If,  then,  we 
desire  to  pot  any  of  these  Ferns,  put  first  good 
drainage  in  the  shape  of  broken  pieces  of  pots,  then 
a  "wisp  of  moss,  and  over  that  a  light  compost, 
according  to  Nature's  own  recipe.  For  general  pur- 
poses this  compost  may  consist  of  peat-mould  or 
leaf-mould,  two  parts  ;  good  loam,  or  garden  mould, 
two  parts  ;  and  silver-sand  or  well-washed  gravel- 
sand,  one  part,  mixed,  and  left  a  little  lumpy. 
In  potting,  observe  again  Nature's  procedure 
by  spreading  out  the  rootlets  carefully,  and 
not  pressing  down  the  soil  harder  than  is  necessary 
to  keep  the  crown  upright ;  and  finally,  when  the 
plant  is  duly  installed,  water  well,  and  leave  it 
alone,  bearing  in  mind  that  any  meddling  with  the 
soil  when  wet,  however  light  it  may  be,  is  apt  to 
cause  it  to  cake  together,  and  thus  check  root- 
growth  and  imperil  the  wellbeing  of  the  Fern. 

So  much  by  way  ot  general  pot  treatment,  which 
will  apply  to  all  the  Lastreas  (Buckler  Ferns),  with 
the  exception  of  L.  thelypteris  (Marsh  Buckler 
Fern),  which  revels  in  mud;  Athyrium  filix-fcemina 
(Lady  Fern),  the  Polystichuras  (Shield  Ferns), 
and  Seolopendrium  vulgare  (Hart's-tongiie) ;  also 
the  Oak  and  Beech  Ferns  (Polypodiums  dryopteris 
and  phegopteris).  Polypodium  vulgare,  as  is  evi- 
denced by  its  thriving  in  the  lioUows  of  trees 
and  similar  places,  where  only  leaf-mould  or  de- 
cayed wood  collects,  prefers  an  open  mass  of 
leaf-mould  with  a  little  sand.  Blechnum  spicant 
(hard  Fern)  thrives  best  in  leaf-mould,  with  an 
admixture  —  say  one-eighth  —  of  small  lumps  of 
clayey  loam  scattered  through  it.  This  Fern  has 
such  an  antipathy  to  lime,  that  every  care  must 
be  taken  to  avoid  its  presence,  either  in  the  com- 
post or  the  water  used.  Ceterach  ofBcinarum 
(scaly  Spleenwort)  only  grows  on  very  old  walls, 
hence  an  admixture  of  old  lime  rubbish  is 
requisite.  The  same  remark  applies  more  or 
less  to  all  the  Asplenium  (Spleenwort)  family. 
AUosorus  crispus  (the  Parsley  Fern)  will  only 
thrive  when  it  has  to  make  its  way  through  loose 
stones.  It  will  always  be  found  in  greatest  abund- 
ance pushing  through  the  debris  of  weathered  rocks. 

With  the  exception  of  Asplenium  marinum  (Sea 
Spleenwort),  and  Adiantum  Capillus-veneris  (Maiden- 
hair), which  require  protection  from  severe  frosts, 
the  British  Ferns  imperatively  demand  perfectly 
cool  treatment  in  winter,  otherwise  they  fail  to 
become  quite  dormant,  and  in  the  ensuing  season 


grow  weakly,  and  become  the  prey  of  vermin  of  every 
description. 

The  deciduous  Ferns,  such  as  the  Lady  Fern, 
Male  Fern,  Mountain  Buckler  Fern,  Oak  and  Beech 
Ferns,  and  others,  indicate  clearly  enough  when 
their  period  of  rest  begins,  the  fronds  withering 
rapidly  down  to  the  ground,  and  the  Fern  dis- 
appearing altogether  fiom  view  —  a  fertile  source 
of  discomfiture  to  the  inexperienced,  who  imagine 
them  dead,  and  neglect  them  accordingly,  the 
result  being  confirmation  of  their  fears.  If,  how- 
ever, the  pots  or  other  recejitacles  be  put  away  in  a 
cool  damp  place,  or  buried  in  the  ground  in  a  shel- 
tei'ed  corner,  so  that  the  roots  never  get  dried,  the 
following  spring  will  witness  a  resurrection,  at  the 
first  signs  of  which  they  can  be  reinstated  in  fitting 
places  of  honour.  The  rapidity  with  which  these 
deciduous  Ferns  develope  their  fronds  is  very 
remarkable,  and  as,  unlike  the  evergreen  varieties, 
tliere  are  no  old  (ronds  to  detract  from  their  beauty, 
their  fresh  and  delicate  appearance  in  the  spring 
makes  ample  amends  for  their  invisibility  during  the 
winter. 

The  evergi-een  species,  Lastrea  pseudo  mas  (hard 
male  Fern),  the  Polystichuras,  the  Asplenia.  Blech- 
num spicant,  Seolopendrium  vulgare, Ceterach,  Poly- 
podium vulgare,  retain  their  verdure  fairly  well 
during  the  winter  months  if  kept  from  wind  and 
weather.  When,  however,  the  new  growth  begins 
the  sap  and  vigour  of  the  old  fronds  appear  to  be 
reabsorbed  by  the  plant  ;  it  is,  therefore,  not 
advisable  to  cut  aw.iy  the  old  foliage  until  it  has 
manifestly  done  its  work,  being  brown  and  shrivelled. 

Repotting  and  replanting  may  be  done  at  any 
time  with  proper  care,  though  they  are  best  let  alone 
in  the  winter.  Obviously  the  best  time  is  just  when 
the  new  growth  commences,  after  the  winter's  rest, 
say  end  of  ^larch,  as  then  not  only  is  the  plant  in 
its  most  vigorous  state  and  ready  to  take  every  advan- 
tage of  fresh  soil  and  greater  space,  but  if  the  old 
fronds  are  damaged  in  the  process  little  harm  is 
done,  while  if  the  operation  be  left  later  the  sym- 
metry of  the  plant  may  sufter  throughout  the  season 
through  damage  to  the  new  growths. 

Ferns  in  pots,  like  Ferns  out-of-doors,  must  be 
protected  from  hot  sunshine ;  wind  is  also  very 
destructive  where  the  more  delicate  forms  are  con- 
cerned, and,  though  the  plants  may  exist  under  very 
adverse  circumstances,  the  cultivator  can  never  hope 
to  grow  Ferns  to  the  best  advantage  unless  he  studies, 
lover-like,  their  predilections  and  requirements. 
Nature  is  here  again  the  best  teacher.  Where  do  we 
find  the  Lady  Fern  gi'owing  shoulder  high,  the  hard 
Fern  waist  high,  and  so  on  ?  Is  it  not  deep  down  in 
some  sheltered  shady  ravine  where  every  breeze  that 
blows  has  to  filter  through  a  thousand  trees,  which 
at  the  same  time  shut  out  the  noonday  sun  ? 
Here  is  the  paradise  of  Ferns,  and  the  more  that 
beau  ideal  is  approached  the  greater  will  be  the  suc- 
cess attained  and  the  pleasure  derived  therefrom. 

With  regard  to  pot  culture  one  fact  is  frequently 
overlooked,  viz.,  that  Ferns,  like  other  plants,  when 
growing  wild,  are  not  turned  and  twisted  about,  now 
to  the  north  and  then  to  the  south,  but  are  abso- 
lute fixtures  and  gi-ow  accordingly,  i.e.,  the  fronds 
as  they  rise  and  develop  adjust  themselves  as 
nearly  as  possible  at  the  angle  which  enables  them 
to  catch  the  greatest  amount  of  light.  Place,  there- 
fore, a  Fern  at  a  window  during  its  growing  period, 
and  every  frond  will  slowly  curve  towards  the  win- 
dow in  such  a  way  that  when  perfect  it  will  be  seen 
at  its  best  from  the  outside.  Ladies,  especially,  how- 
ever try  to  counteract  this  tendency  by  turning  the 
plant  round  so  that  it  may  be  seen  to  advantage  from 
the  room,  the  consequence  eventually  being  bent  and 
misshapen  fronds  and  ugly  plants,  since  a  per- 
manent twist  is  given  by  only  an  hour  or  two's  expo- 
sure, and  once  this  is  done  it  cannot  be  remedied. 
Nature  being  thus  interfered  with,  the  old  twisted 
fronds  are  in  the  way  of  the  later  ones,  and 
so  confusion  becomes  worse  confounded ;  hence 
one  golden  rule  is,  "  Always  keep  the  same  side  of 
the  pot  to  the  light,"  to  ensure  which  it  is  well  to 
mark  the  pot  itself. 


With  regard  to  watering,  if  the  pots  are  thoroughly 
drained,  and  not  too  large  for  the  plants,  over- 
watering  need  not  be  feared,  but  drought  alone, 
which  to  some  Ferns  is  fatal.  This,  however,  is  only 
a  matter  of  care  and  regularity,  and  the  golden  rule 
for  the  Fern  lover  here  is,  "If  you  have  anything 
very  choice  look  after  it  yourself." 

PllOPAGATIOX. 

Under  careful  culture  and  congenial  conditions 
the  large  majority  of  the  best  varieties  will  soon 
multiply  themselves  to  a  certain  extent  by  the  for-  ' 
ination  of  adventitious  crowns,  produced  either  in  a 
small  form  from  buds  at  the  base  of  the  fronds,  or 
by  a  process  of  fission  in  the  crowns  tiiemselves,  by 
which  full-sized  plants  are  obtainable.  To  profit  by  . 
this  latter  process,  it  is  necessary  to  permit  the 
double  crown  to  develope  distinctly  into  two 
centres  of  growth,  which  stage  attained,  the 
plant  should  be  taken  up,  and  a  sharp  knife 
passed  carefully  between  the  two  centres,  each 
of  which  will  then  be  found  to  possess  its  own 
set  of  roots  and  fronds,  and  to  be  indeed  a  perfect 
plant,  only  needing  independent  potting  or  planting 
to  form  at  once  a  fair  specimen.  The  intermingling 
of  the  fronds  when  the  crowns  are  permitted  to  m\il- 
tiply  without  sep.aration  often  detracts  from  the 
grace  of  the  plant,  and  hence  for  this  reason  alone 
separation  from  time  to  time  is  advisable.  Such 
Ferns  as  are  apt  to  form  bushes,  not  by  this  process 
of  fission,  but  by  side  buds — the  crested  male  Fern 
for  instance — are  greatly  benefited  by  the  removal 
of  these  small  plants  immediately  they  appear,  the 
result  being  a  much  more  vigorous  and  symmetrical 
growth  of  the  parent  crown,  whose  roots  have  thus 
freer  scope,  and  all  of  whose  energies  are  concen- 
trated in  its  own  development.  Under  this  treat- 
ment, the  Fern  named  forms  in  a  year  or  two  a 
decided  trunk,  and  becomes  a  veritable  Tree  Fern, 
which  it  will  not  do  otherwise. 

The  little  plants  produced  from  buds  are  best 
detached  by  passing  a  blunt  ivory  or  bone  knife 
between  them  and  the  parents,  when  they  will  come 
away  with  a  little  bunch  of  roots  all  ready  for 
installation  as  future  representatives  of  the  race. 
These  should  be  pricked  out  an  inch  or  so  apart, 
according  to  size  round  the  edges  of  small  pots  or 
pans  filled  with  rather  more  sandy  compost  than  that 
already  indicated.  If  then  put  into  some  damp  shady 
corner  they  will  soon  develope  into  pretty  plants. 

Some  of  the  abnormal  forms  afford  another 
method  of  propagation  by  means  of  buds  which 
appear  on  the  surface  of  the  fronds  and  elsewhere, 
llany  of  the  Polystichums  develope  these  in  pro- 
fusion, the  old  fronds  throwing  up  a  mass  of  tiny 
new  growth  along  their  midribs  before  decaying 
altogether.  Such  fronds  only  require  pegging  down 
fiat  as  they  are  to  yield  youngsters  in  abundance. 
Some  Scolopendriums  produce  buds  on  their  stalks 
and  on  the  surface  and  edges  of  the  fronds,  which 
can  be  treated  similarly.  The  edge-buds  require  to 
be  cut  with  scissors,  so  that  a  little  tongue  of  the  old 
frond  may  serve  to  fix  them  in  the  soil,  and  act  as  a 
temporary  substitute  for  roots.  A  few  forms  of  the 
plumose  sections  of  the  Lady  Fern  have  been 
found  to  produce  bulbils  on  the  backs  of  the  fronds — 
a  characteristic  so  far  only  remarked  in  connection 
with  this  family.  For  m.any  years  these  resisted  all 
attempts  to  produce  plants,  but  recently  success  has 
established  the  fact  that  they  are  true  buds,  as  open 
to  propagation  by  pegging  down  as  the  others. 

It  has  also  been  found  that  the  basal  portions  of 
the  old  decayed  fronds,  which  retain  vitality  for 
manv  years,  are  capable  of  developing  buds  when 
detached  from  the  old  crowns  and  inserted  in  sandy 
compost.  The  Lady  Fern,  male  Fern,  and  Ilart's- 
tongue,  and  probably  other  species,  permit  of  this 
method  of  propagation,  which  in  the  sporeless  Ferns 
is  sometimes  the  only  one  available. 

The  propagation  of  those  Ferns  which,  like  the 
common  Polypody,  Bladder  Ferns,  Maidenhair  and 
the  Filmy  Ferns,  have  creeping  rootstocks,  is  a  very 
simple  matter,  since  every  piece  of  the  creeping 
rootstock  (rhizome)  bearing  a  few  root  fibres  and  a 
frond  is  fairly  sure  to  yield  a  plant  if  pegged  firmly 


278 


THE    GABDENEBS'     CERONICLE. 


[Septembkb  3,  1887. 


down  upon  the  surface,  and  the  rootlets  carefully 
covered.  The  edges  of  pots  and  pans  seem  the  most 
congenial  places  for  such,  the  evaporation  through 
the  porous  material  probaljly  assisting  root  forma- 
tiou  by  keeping  the  soil  sweet  and  promoting  circu- 
lation. 

Three  abnormal  forms,  one  Lady  Fern  and  two 
Polystichums.  have  recently  been  discovered  to 
afford  instances  of  an  altogether  new  method  o( 
reproduction  termed  apospory.*  Propagation  in 
these  cases  is  effected,  not  by  sjiores,  but  from  peculiar 
growths  at  the  back  of  the  fronds  or  at  the  tips  of 
their  ultimate  divisions,  which  growths,  when  pegged 
down,  yield  young  plants  by  the  generative  process 
usually  peculiar  to  spores. 

Finally,  there  is  the  metliod  of  spore-propagation 
which,  involving  as  it  does  a  description  of  the  spore 
itself  and  its  peculiarities,  merits  an  independent 
chapter.  C.  T.  Brueri/.  F  L.S. 

(To  be  continued.) 


The  Rock  Garden. 

HERBACEOUS    LOBELIAS. 

These  are  among  the  most  useful  and  beautiful 
autumn  flowering  plants  we  have,  and  when  properly 
managed  and  carefully  arranged  give  most  pleasing 
effect.  They  are  easily  kept  over  the  winter,  either 
in  the  open  ground — being  covered  with  little  heaps 
of  sifted  ashes  or  coarse  gravel — or  lifted  and  heeled- 
in  in  cool  frames.  AVhere  a  large  stock  is  required 
annually  the  latter  is,  perhaps,  the  best  plan  to 
adopt.  Under  such  conditions  the  plants  are  not 
only  safer,  but  they  begin  to  grow  sooner,  and  when 
growth  has  fairly  set  in  they  can  be  divided  to 
almost  any  extent,  potted  up,  and  grown  on  in  cool 
frames  until  they  can  be  planted  out.  In  the  vicinity 
of  ponds  or  lakes  nothing  is  more  striking  tlian  a 
well  groivn  clump  of  these  Lobelias.  A  few  of  the 
best  are : — 

L.  'cardhialis,  doubtless  one  of  the  very  best 
autumn  flowering  border  plants  we  possess,  when 
grown  in  positions  suitable  to  its  requirements  ;  but 
this  is  just  the  difficulty  in  small  gardens,  and  indeed 
in  many  large  gardens.  Its  requirements  are  not 
sufficiently  studied  ;  with  plenty  of  moisture,  a  free, 
rich,  and  well  drained  soil,  and  shaded  entirely  from 
the  mid-day  sun,  we  have  seen  this  plant  in  great 
beauty,  the  stems  from  4  to  5  feet  high,  flowers  large 
and  produced  in  abundance.  With  its  flowers  of  the 
most  vivid  scarlet,  it  makes  a  really  charming  picture 
in  a  mixed  border,  and  lasts  such  a  time  in  perfec- 
tion as  to  entitle  it  to  special  distinction.  The 
forms  in  cultivation  at  the  present  time,  such  as  ignea. 
fulgens.  Queen  Victoria,  &c.,  are  often  confounded 
with  this  plant,  and  with  which  they  have  nothing 
whatever  to  do  so  far  as  I  can  see.  The  forms  men- 
tioned belong  to  a  nearly  allied  species,  L.  splendens, 
and  distinguished  from  L.  cardinalis  by  their  much 
longer  and  narrower  leaves,  more  slender  stems,  and 
they  are  almost  entirely  devoid  of  hairs.  In  L.  cardi- 
nalis the  whole  plant  is  usually  minutely  pubescent ; 
stem,  3 — 5  feet  high, with  leaves  from  oblong  to  oblong 
lanceolate,  tapering  to  both  ends,  the  margins 
irregularly  serrated.  Dr.  Gray  says  that  the  intense 
red  of  the  corolla  varies  rarely  to  rose  colour,  and 
even  white.  I  have  only,  however,  seen  the  intense 
scarlet  form,  and  it  is  probably  the  only  one  in  culti- 
vation. Parkinson,  who  mentions  it  as  cherished  in 
our  gardens  in  1629,  says  that  it  "  groweth  near  the 
river  of  Canada,  where  the  French  plantation  in 
America  is  seated."  It  also  e.^^tends  to  Florida  and 
the  borders  of  Texas,  growing  in  wet  ground.  Figured 
Bot.  Mag.  320. 

L.  splendens,  to  which  ignea  fulgens.  Queen  Vic- 
toria, Sir  11.  Napier,  and  many  others  belong,  is  also 
a  very  desirable  plant  for  autumn.  It  is  perhaps 
hardly  so  fastidious  as  to  moisture  as  L.  cardinalis, 
although  we  find  it  gi-owa  all  the  stronger  if  placed 
in  a  position  such  as  that  indicated  above.    The  type 


splendens  has  linear  leaves  glandular,  denti- 
culated on  the  margins,  all  (unless  the  lower  ones) 
sessile,  in  other  respects  it  resembles  L.  cardinalis. 
The  var.  fulgens  has  crimson-scarlet  flowers,  rather 
broader  leaves,  more  pubescent,  more  rare,  and  more 
restricted  in  its  distribution.  Var.  ignea,  purplish 
leaves.  Queen  Victoria,  leaves  deep  purple,  very 
effective.  Wet  ground  in  Texas,  through  New 
Mexico,  Arizona,  California,  Mexico,  &c. 

L.  hyhrida  of  gardens,  often  called  MiUeri,  and 
fulgens  var.  violacea,  .appears  to  be  almost  unknown, 
though  the  soft  colour  of  its  flowers  marked  it  as 
available  for  grouping  as  L.  cardinalis.  It  is  no 
doubt  a  hybrid  between  L.  syphilitica  and  L.  splen- 
dens (=  fulgens).  The  leaves  are  broader  than  in 
the  last-named  species,  but  with  the  glandular  den- 
ticulations  on  the .  margins  of  the  leaf,  and  with 
the  long  sepals  and  hairs  of  L.  syphilitica.  The 
flowers,  which  are  freely  produced,  are  rich  deep 
violet,  very  striking,  and  when  grown  in  clumps, 
either  isolated  or  in  combination  with  the  other 
species,  tliis  plant  forms  a  grand  mass,  standing  well 
out  even  amongst  the  scarlets  of  L.  cardinalis  and 
L.  splendens,  as  well  as  the  varied  colours  of  L. 
syphilitica.  Plants  such  as  these  should  be  grown 
largely  in  our  borders  where  a  little  shade  can  be 
had,  and  if  moist  so  much  the  better.  They  hardly 
ever  fail  to  flower,  and  are  easily  kept  through  the 
winter ;  indeed,  this  hybrid  is  much  hardier  than 
either  L.  cardinalis  or  L.  splendens.  We  never 
trouble  to  lift  it  in  autumn,  and  have  not  lost  a 
single  plant  from  the  effects  of  cold  or  damp.  It 
seems  also  to  thrive  well  in  rather  a  drier  situation 
than  its  near  allies,  flowering  about  the  same  time 
with  such  an  abundance  of  its  handsome  flower-heads 
as  to  entitle  it  to  attention.  D. 


Vide  Card.  C'firi 


ii..  p.  MS,  vol.  Jtliv.,  p.  730. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 

ONCIDIUM   DASYTYLE. 

The  merits  of  this  Oucidium  do  not  seem  to  be 
known  or  appreciated  so  fully  as  they  deserve  to  be. 
Amongst  the  Orchids  now  in  flower  at  Kew  there  is 
not  one  which  is  at  once  more  pretty  and  curious 
than  this.  In  the  latest  edition  of  the  Onhid 
Growers'  Manual  it  is  spoken  of  as  producing  a  "  few 
gav  blossoms,"  and  the  plant  figured  in  the  Botanical 
Magazine  (pi.  6494)  is  also  show^n  as  only  bearing 
five  flowers.  The  plant  under  notice  carries  two 
branching  spikes  that  since  the  commencement  of 
flowering  have  borne  more  than  forty  flowers.  The 
sepals  and  petals  are  of  a  creamy-yellow,  marked 
with  brownish-purple  spots  ;  the  lip  is  sulphur- 
yellow,  bearing  at  the  base  a  curious,  black,  shiny 
crest,  which  somewhat  resembles  a  small  beetle,  and 
gives  to  the  flower  a  very  striking  appearance.  From 
the  top  of  the  upper  sepal  to  the  bottom  of  the  lip 
the  flower  measures  nearly  2  inches. 

It  succeeds  best  grown  in  pots  in  the  cool  house 
under  the  usual  conditions  as  to  moisture,  shade, 
and  temperature.  Being  a  free  grower  it  may  pos- 
sibly do  with  more  pot-room,  and  altogether  more 
generous  treatment  at  the  root  than  is  usually  given 
to  it.  It  will  also  thrive  fastened  on  blocks  of  Birch 
or  Teak,  witli  peat  and  sphagnum  placed  about  the 
roots  and  suspended  from  the  roof.  In  this  position 
its  flowers  are  shown  to  greater  advantage,  but  so 
far  as  my  experience  goes  I  have  found  that  the 
pseudobulbs  are  larger  and  the  flowers  finer  and 
mroe  numerous  when  it  is  cultivated  in  pots.  It 
comes  from  the  Organ  Mountains,  in  Brazil,  and  was 
introduced  iu  1873.  Not  the  least  of  its  recommen- 
dations is  tliat  its  flowering  period  extends  over  from 
two  to  three  months. 

MiLTONIA   SPECTABILIS   VAB.    MoKELIANA. 

Although  such  handsome  varieties  of  Miltonia 
spectabilis  as  virginalis,  radians,  and  rosea  are  now 
in  cultivation,  there  is  no  form  which,  ior  size  of 
flower  and  richness  of  colour  equals  the  variety 
Moreliana,  of  wliich  a  remarkably  fine  ex.ample  is 
now  iu  flower  at  Kew.    The  flowirs  measure  4  inches 


across  the  sepals,  the  diameter  of  the  lip  being 
2  inches ;  the  dark  purple  of  the  sepals  and  petals 
is  of  unusual  richness,  and  the  lip,  which  is  of  a 
more  rosy-purple,  is  beautifully  radiated  with  lines 
of  the  darkest  purple  hue.  The  yellow  appearance 
of  the  foliage,  which  is  characteristic  of  most  of  the 
members  of  the  genus,  is  not  one  pleasing  to  the  eye 
of  the  cultivator,  and  although  it  is  not  inconsistent 
with  good  health,  most  of  us  would  be  glad  to  pos- 
sess the  art — which  some  are  said  to  possess — of 
keeping  our  Miltonias  green.  Still,  looked  at  from 
an  artistic  point  of  view,  the  yellowish  background 
of  leaves  and  bulbs  serves  to  give  a  bolder  contrast 
to  the  purple  of  the  flowers.  Although  pot-culture 
is  desirable  for  many  of  the  Miltonias,  for  M.  spec- 
tabilis and  its  varieties,  which  do  not  root  so  deeply 
as  the  others,  I  prefer  Teak  rafts,  with  a  considerable 
layer  of  sphaguum  and  peat.  This  can  be  added  to 
or  renewed  without  disturbing  the  roots.  The  shady 
side  of  the  Cattleya-house  is  best  suited  for  this 
Orchid,  whicli  requires  a  liberal  supply  of  water 
during  the  summer  months,  and  does  not  like  to  be 
very  dry  at  any  time,  even  in  mid-winter. 

OSCIDIUM    MICUOPOGON. 

Although  this  pretty  Oncid  was  described  by 
Reichenbach  as  far  back  as  1854,  it  would  appear, 
from  the  absence  of  any  figure  or  notes  upon  it, 
that  it  has  never  at  any  time  been  very  com- 
mon. An  old  Orchid  grower  told  me  a  few  days 
since  that  it  was  occasionally  to  be  met  with  some 
twenty  years  or  so  ago,  but  that  now  it  was  very  rare. 
However,  I  saw  some  plants  of  it  at  the  St.  Albans 
nursery  in  the  latter  part  of  last  year,  and  a  plant  is 
now  flowering  in  the  cool  Orchid-house  at  Kew 
which  was  obtained  from  there.  It  is  a  dwarf  grower 
with  ovoid  pseudobulbs,  is  allied  to  0.  barbatum, 
and  has  also  been  known  as  O.  dentatum.  The 
sepals  are  ovate-lanceolate,  yellow,  barred  with 
brown  ;  and  the  petals,  which  form  the  most  con- 
spicuous part  of  the  flower,  are  rotund,  and  of  a 
bright  yellow,  with  chocolate  spots  at  the  base.  The 
lip  is  three-lobed,  the  parts  between  the  yellow  lobes 
being  shortly  fringed,  and,  together  with  the  much 
divided  crest,  are  thickly  dotted  with  spots  of  a  dull 
brown  colour.  Altogether  the  spike  of  eight  flowers 
(which  measure  nearly  2  inches  across)  presents  a 
decidedly  attractive  appearance,  and  this  Oncidium 
may  be  said  to  be  well  worthy  of  more  attention  than 
now  seems  to  be  given  to  it.  It  enjoys  plenty  of 
moisture  and  light — a  position  near  the  glass  at  the 
cool  end  of  the  Cattleya-house  apparently  meeting 
its  requirements  very  well.  W.  B. 

Orchids  at  Messes.  Veitcu's,  Chelsea. 

Besides  Cypripedium  orphanum  in  flower,  I  saw, 
the  other  day,  many  more  choice  hybrids,  the  most 
beautiful  of  them  being  C.  ccnanthum  superbum  ;  the 
seed-bearing  parent  was  the  hybrid  C.  Harrisianum, 
and  the  pollen-bearer  C.  insigne  Maulei.  The 
dorsal  sepal  has  the  broad  white  margin  of  the 
pollen-parent,  which  is  also  slightly  marked  with 
mauve-purple  spots.  C.  vexillarium  was  also  beau- 
tifully in  flower,  and  is  the  most  elegant  of  the 
Chelsea  hybrids.  This  plant  is  of  very  free  growth, 
and  in  that  respect  takes  superior  rank  to  C.  Fairrie- 
anum,  one  of  its  parents.  Here  the  dorsal  sepal  is 
also  margined  with  white  ;  pale  purple,  marked  with 
darker  coloured  lines.  The  deflexed  twisted  lateral 
sepals  are  marked  with  green  and  purple.  C.  Sehro- 
dera;  is  also  in  flower,  and  is  not  only  very  beautiful, 
but  distinct  in  character  from  .any  other  Cypripe- 
dium, except  perhaps  the  more  beautiful  0.  leucor- 
rhodum.  It  is  a  cross  between  C.  Sedeni  and  C. 
caudatiim,  the  first  named  being  the  pollen-parent. 
C.  Harrisianum  superbum  is  much  superior  to  the 
ordinary  forms  in  its  rich  dark  colour. 

Besides  the  above,  other  good  species  and  varieties 
in  flower  were  C.  Wallisii,  certificated  as  a  distinct 
species,  but  maybe  but  a  paler  form  of  C.  caudatum; 
C.  Godefroya;,  and  C.  concolor. 

The  hybrid  O.  selligerum  is  now  a  cheap  plant, 
and  the  best  forms  of  it  are  very  handsome.  C. 
caUirum  and  a  few  others  were  in  good  form. 

Tlie  above  list  shows  how  much  has  been  done  to 


Seftembeii  3,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


279 


furnish  our  hothouses  with  flowering  plants  during 
the  months  of  August  and  September. 

The  hybridist  has  not  been  idle  in  other  directions, 
for  we  have  also  in  flower  the  new  Sophro-Cattleya 
Batemaniana  X .  Of  this  recently  developed  hybrid  I 
noted  a  very  handsome  form  with  flowers  quite 
3  inches  across,  the  sepals  aud  petals  of  a  lovely 
salmon-rose  ;  the  lip  crimson  with  a  white  throat. 
The  ordinary  form  has  been  described  in  a  previous 
number ;  that  described  above  is  distinguished  by 
the  variety  name  of  rosea. 

Lailia  AraesianaX  is  another  valuable  hybrid  of 
surpassing  beauty.  A  very  vigorous  specimen  was 
in  flower,  clearly  demonstrating  its  superiority  to 
either  of  its  parents,  Lailia  crispa  and  Cattleya 
maxima  ;  even  the  best  forms  of  L.  crispa  do  not 
freely  open  their  prettily  fringed  labellum  ;  here  we 
have  the  fringed  labellum  of  C.  crispa,  with  its  rich 
purplish  colour,  and  broadly  spreading  like  that  of 
Cattleya  maxima;  the  sepals  and  petals  purplish. 
Zygopetaluni  Sedenix  was  also  well  represented. 
The  intense  blue  colour  of  the  lip  is  its  most  striking 
characteristic,  and  it  forms  quite  a  distinct  tone  of 
colour  in  a  collection. 

The  numerous  im]30rtations  of  new  species  of 
Orchids  during  recent  yeai's  have  quite  revolution- 
ised the  flowering  periods.  Here  the  Cattleya- house 
was  quite  gay  with  many  distinct  varieties  of  Cat- 
tleya Gaskelliana,  one  variety  finer  than  any  I  had 
yet  seen.  C.  gigas,  in  its  gorgeous  colours  of  crim- 
son and  gold  labellum.  C.  Eldorado,  smaller  in  all 
its  parts  than  any  others  of  the  C.  labiata  group,  but 
distinguished  by  its  rich  orange  throat.  The  lovely 
white  form  was  also  amongst  them,  representing  in 
itself  a  confusion  of  names  ;  it  is  C.  Eldorada  alba, 
C.  Wallisii,  or  C.  crocata,  according  to  the  fancy  of 
its  owner.  La;lia  grandis  seems  to  have  been  intro- 
duced in  quantity  recently,  as  it  is  frequently  scat- 
tered about  in  the  large  Cattleya-house  ;  but  none  of 
them  have  flowers  so  large  as  the  Botanical  Maga- 
zine specimen,  tab.  5553,  the  flowers  of  which  are 
over  5  inches  across  the  petals.  The  yellow  sepals 
and  petals  with  the  purplish  veined  lip  are  very 
attractive.  Cattleya  guttata  has  yet  to  be  added  to 
the  group,  a  well-known  tall-growing  species  foi'm- 
ing  a  large  symmetrical  head  of  flowers  as  many  as 
twenty  together.  It  usually  flowers  in  the  spring, 
but  here  it  is  in  flower.  Cattleya  Dowiana  is  very 
grand.  In  the  warmer  houses  the  flowering  speci- 
mens are  quite  as  numerous.  The  new  Dendrobium 
Dearii  is  a  very  queen  in  this  genus  ;  its  pure  white 
flowers  are  very  plentifully  produced  in  large  clusters 
from  old  and  new  stems.  Renanthera  matutina  is 
now  in  great  beauty,  producing  eighty  flowers  on  a 
branched  spike.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  very 
narrow,  and  of  a  deep  orange  colour. 

Amongst  new  Phalajnopsids  the  lovely  little  T. 
Jlaria;  (see  illustration,  July  2)  is  worthy  of  ad- 
miration. I  hear  it  has  flowered  in  the  Glasnevin 
Botanic  Garden  with  eighteen  flowers  on  one  spike. 
The  plant  of  it  here  in  flower  was  in  its  decadence, 
but  I  counted  on  one  branched  spike  tighteen 
flowers,  two  other  spikes  on  the  same  plant  making 
a  total  of  thirty-five  flowers.  P.  violacea,  also  in 
flower,  may  yet  be  classed  amongst  recent  introduc- 
tions ;  and  besides  the  above,  which  were  most  note- 
worthy, the  list  might  be  doubled  ;  and  every  year 
now  will  see  the  flowering  of  new  hybrids,  of  which 
there  are  thousands  in  process  of  development.  •/.  i). 


kind  suitable  for  the  purpose,  and  using  only  those 
of  an  imposing  character  as  individual  specimens. 
Plants  adapted  for  massing  are  numerous.  Monstera 
deliciosa  and  Philodendron  giganteum  both  form  a 
grand  mass  of  foliage,  but  they  soon  outgrow  any 
limited  space,  and  should  lie  cut  back,  but  not  made 
to  look  stifl".  The  same  remark  apply  to  strong- 
growing  Selagiuellas,  all  of  which  are  far  more  eff'ec- 
tive  when  planted  in  mass  form  than  they  are 
ai  single  specimens.  Begonias  of  the  liex  divi- 
sion, such  as  B.  Louise  Chretienne.  B.  Helene 
Ulider,  B.  Julie  Serot,  B.  Mr.  Stuart  Low, 
and  many  others,  form  beautiful  masses,  and  give 
little  trouble  further  than  removal  of  decayed  foli- 
age, but  thrive  in  a  light  and  rather  dry  position 
with  moderate  supplies  of  water  at  their  roots. 
Another  very  useful  plant  is  Ophiopogon  spicatus 
aureo-variegata,  succeeding  in  stoves  or  green- 
houses ;  it  is  most  ettective  when  placed  at 
the  foot  of  a  rockery  near  the  edge  of  a  water-tank  ; 
it  blossoms  freely  at  this  season,  and  its  neat  spikes 
of  blue  flowers  harmonise  pleasingly  with  its  slender 
variegated  foliage.  Amongst  Ferns  there  are  m-any 
species  whieli  are  best  seen  when  grown  in  this 
manner. 

To  form  a  low  dense  mass  Adiantum  Capillus- 
veneris  is  useful;  it  delights  to  run  its  rhizomes 
over  moist  stonework,  and  although  a  native  of 
Britain,  it  thrives  admirably  in  a  stove  temperature  if 
its  roots  be  kept  moist.  Several  plants  of  Phlebo- 
dium  aureum  close  together  make  a  grand  gi'oup,  and 
artbrd  a  hue  of  colour  diflicult  to  obtain  from  any 
other  plant,  while  young  plants  of  Pterisargyrea  have 
a  charming  appearance  when  treated  in  a  similar 
manner,  and  furnished  with  a  carpet  of  Lycopodium. 
With  age  this  fine  species  soon  becomes  shabby,  but 
as  it  is  so  easily  raised  from  spores  it  can  be  replaced 
without  difficulty. 

Of  Ferns  that  are  attractive  when  placed  in  pro- 
jecting pockets  Woodwardia  radicans  is  one  of  the 
best ;  but  being  liable  to  attacks  of  thrips  its  fronds 
should  be  syringed  daily.  Others  useful  for  pockets 
are  Marattia  fra.xinea,  Microlepia  hirta  cristata, 
Nephrolepis  ensifolia,  N.  davallioides  furcans,  Asple- 
nium  appendiculatum,  &c.  Ficus  repens  and  F. 
repens  minima  are  useful  as  creepers,  and  Panicum 
variegatam  and  Tradescantia  discolor  as  trailing 
plants.  As  tall  specimen  plants  no  class  can  equal 
Palms,  and  of  these  the  best  kinds  of  Areca,  Kentia, 
Phccnix,  and  Eaphis  are  very  useful,  and  form  good 
variety :  while  of  Tree  Ferns  Cibotium  princeps  is 
perhaps  the  best.  The  common  Liverwort  is  in- 
valuable for  covering  bare  spaces  upon  rockwork  par- 
ticularly by  the  margins  of  water-tanks,  or  upon  the 
beds  of  waterfalls,  and  in  dark  crannies  where  it  is 
diflicult  to  get  other  vegetation.  It  merely  needs  to 
be  kept  damp  in  order  that  it  may  thrive.  The  chief 
work  amongst  rockeries  at  the  present  time  lies  in 
keeping  the  plants  free  from  insects,  slugs,  and  other 
pests,  and  attention  with  the  syringe  and  water-pot. 
Tliomas  Coomher,  Hendre  Gardens,  Monmouth. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


The  Stove  Rockery. — There  are  few  things  in 
plant-houses  that  create  more  interest  than  a  well- 
arranged  and  properly  attended  rockery,  and  there  is 
no  better  way  of  displaying  the  beauties  of  some 
plants  than  by  planting  these  constructions,  but  to 
successfully  furnish  a  rockery  a  considerable  amount 
of  foresight  is  necessary,  as  well  as  a  thorough  know- 
ledge of  the  wants  and  habits  of  the  plants  employed. 
Perhaps  the  most  common  mistake  is  made  by  over- 
crowding in  higgledy-piggledy  fashion  a  miscella- 
neous collection  of  plants,  while  a  much  more  natural 
and  effective  arrangement  might  be  made  with  the 
same  plants,  by  judiciously  massing  or  grouping  each 


against  the  insides  of  the  pot,  therefore  I  conclude 
there  is  little  danger  of  over-draining  them.  A  very 
good  potting  material  for  these  is  made  of  two  parts 
peat  and  one  of  fresh  sphagnum,  sprinkling  in  a 
small  quantity  of  half-rotten  leaves  as  the  potting 
proceeds.  I  also  like  to  add  a  few  lumps  of  light 
loam,  whicli  I  think  helps  to  keep  the  compost 
sweet. 

Renanthera  matutina,  now  opening  its  orange  and 
red  flowers,  makes  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the 
magenta-colonred  .Saccolabiums  and  Aerides.  Sac- 
colabium  miniatum,  with  its  erect  spikes  and  yellow 
flowers,  is  also  very  attractive.  Plants  of  Lajlia 
purpurata  are  in  dirt'erent  stages  of  growth,  some 
being  well  advanced,  while  others  have  not  yet 
started. 

It  is  best  not  to  use  very  much  sphagnum  when 
potting  these,  for  when  the  cold  weather  sets  in 
extra  care  is  then  necessary  to  see  that  they  are 
not  over-watered.  A  too  low  temperature  when  very 
wet  at  the  roots  will  cause  injury  to  the  uew  growths. 
If  this  Lajlia  be  grown  in  the  Cattleya-house  it 
should  be  placed  in  that  part  which  is  warmest  at 
niglit;  a  centre  stage  with  hot-water  pipes  under- 
neath will  suit  them.  Coelogyne  cristata  should  be 
well  supplied  with  water,  but  without  letting  any 
fall  on  tlie  new  growths.  Now  the  autumn  rains 
will  most  likely  begin,  and  we  must  consider  care- 
fully what  amount  of  damping  is  required.  There 
will  be  little  fear  of  injuring  the  cool  Orchids  at 
present  if  they  are  not  watered  or  syringed  overhead, 
but  the  warmer  divisions  must  be  treated  according 
to  the  state  of  the  atmosphere  outside,  and  have 
suflicient  fire-heat  to  allow  a  little  ventilatiou  to  be 
given.   C.  Woolfonl,  Downside,  Leathci-head. 


The  Orchid  Houses. 


We  have  already  begun  to  remove  the  shading 
from  the  north  side  of  houses  containing  plants 
which  enjoy  plenty  of  light.  Cattleya  or  Dendro- 
bium-houses  that  run  east  and  west  (if  the  roof  is 
not  too  flat)  will  do  without  shading  now  on  the 
northern  side.  If  any  tender  plants  be  suspended 
near  the  roof  on  this  side,  they  may  be  removed  to 
more  shady  quarters  for  a  time.  Cattleya  gigas  and 
C.  speciosissima,  which  have  been  grown  under  a 
light  shading,  will  be  benefited  by  full  exposure  to 
the  light  if  the  house  be  not  too  small  nor  the  plants 
very  close  to  the  glass.  Many  0.  gigas  are  now  send- 
ing out  roots  from  the  new  psudobulbs  ;  these  can  be 
repotted  if  necessary,  or  pick  out  the  old  compost, 
and  place  pot  and  plants  in  a  new  pot,  filling  up  the 
space  round  wilh  new  crocks,  top-dressing  the  whole 
with  peat  and  sphagnum.  Like  other  Cattleyas,  very 
little  besides  new  crocks  is  necessary  for  them  to 
grow  in. 

Cypripediums  should  be  examined  this  month  to 
ascertain  which  require  repotting  or  top-dress- 
ing. Although  this  genus,  as  a  rule,  delights  in 
moisture,  they  refuse  to  grow  freely  when  tbe  drain- 
age becomes  clogged,  preventing  the  water  from 
passing  away  quickly.  In  this  case,  if  the  plants  be 
top-dressed  with  the  best  of  composts  it  will  soon 
decay,  so  therefore  the  best  way  is  to  repot  them.  It 
appears  to  be  the  nature  of  nearly  all  Cypripediums  to 
form  the  most  of  their  roots,  either  on  the  surface  or 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


SxRAwnERRiEs  IN  PoTs. — If  not  already  done, 
young  Strawberry  plants  which  were  layered  into 
their  fruiting  G-i'nch  pots  early  in  July  should  be 
detached  at  once  from  the  parent  plants,  and  the 
pots  stood  on  coal-ashes  in  a  situation  well 
exposed  to  the  south  and  west,  or  on  the  brick  walla 
enclosing  Vine  and  Peach  borders,  and  on  boards  at 
the  foot  of  the  same,  so  that  the  plants  shall  have 
the  full  benefit  of  the  sun's  rays  to  ripen  tlieir  crowns. 
Continue  to  give  the  plants  daily  supplies  of  we.ik 
liquid  manure  at  the  roots  until  they  have  com- 
pleted their  growth,  and  remove  all  runners  and 
any  small  crowns  that  may  spring  out  as  soon  as 
they  appear. 

Fiqs. — Trees  swelling  their  second  crop  of  fruit 
should  be  given  liberal  supplies  of  liquid-manure  at 
the  roots  when  water  is  required,  which,  where  the 
roots  are  confined  to  a  narrow  shallow  border,  with 
good  drainage,  will  be  at  least  three  times  in  the 
fortnight.  The  border  should  have  a  mulching  of 
short  dung  laid  on  to  prevent  evaporation.  Main- 
tain a  growing  atmosphere  in  the  house  by  tlioroughly 
syringing  the  trees  in  the  morning,  and  at  closing 
time— soon  after  3  o'clock ;  also  damp  over  the 
surface  of  the  border  and  pathw.^ys  a  few  hours  later 
in  the  day,  so  as  to  keep  the  foliage  free  from  the 
attacks  o "  red-spider. 

Peaches.— Any  trees  in  the  early  or  second  early 
houses  which  have  not  yielded  satisfactory  crops 
should  be  taken  in  hand.  The  first  step  is  to  open  a 
trench  at  fi'om  2  to  3  feet  (according  to  the  size  of 
the  tree)  from  the  stem  down  to  the  drainage. 
Then  work  the  soil  out  all  round  from  under  the 
roots  :  the  shoots  having  been  previously  untied  from 
the  trellis,  the  tree  should  be  lifted  carefully  on  to  a 
mat,  which  should  be  bound  round  the  ball  of 
earth  and  roots  to  prevent  them  from  parting  com- 
pany. The  drainage  is  next  attended  to,  putting,  as  a 
matter  of  course,  the  rough  material  in  the  bottom 
and  the  finer  on  top.  This  done,  put  some  pieces  of 
turves,  grass-side  down,  thereon,  and  over  this  suffi- 
cient sound  loam  (to  which  one-fifth  of  old  mortar  or 
lime  rubbish,  if  to  be  had,  may  be  added),  in  which  to 
replant  the  tree.  In  doing  this  cut  away  all  damaged 
portions  of  the  roots  afterwards  workingthe  soil  well 
among  them  ;  taking  care  that  the  roots  are  ])laced 
in  their  proper  positions  above  one  another  and  with 
a  slight  inclination  downwards,  The  tree  should 
then  be  tied  loosely  to  the  trellis,  receiving  a  good 
watering  and  mulched,  being  shaded  heavily  during  the 
day  and  svringed  overhead  morning,  noon,  and  after- 
noon until  the  roots  have  taken  to  the  new  soil, 
when  the  shading  should  be  gradually  removed  and 
the  syringing  reduce  to  once  on  fine  afternoons,  ff, 
W.  Ward,  Lonqford  Castk, 


280 


TEE     GABDENEES'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septejiber  3,  1887. 


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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


SHOWS. 

/  Glasgow    and   West    of     Scotland 
I      Autumn, 
WEDNESDAY,  Sept.    7    Eoyal      Caledonian     Horticultural 
)      (Edinburgh). 
I,  Bath  Autumn  (two  daj-). 

SALES 

/Bnlbs,   from  Holhind,   at   Stevens' 
MONDAY,  SEPT,    5.^,.|!°T'- 


WEDNESDAY,  Skpt. 


Bulhsfrom    Hollaml,    .it    Ste 


Sale  of  Plants,  Green- 
houses, &c.,  at  The  Nursery, 
I  Vanburgh  Road,  East  Greenw  ich, 
\     by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 

(Established  Orchids,  at  Stevens' 
Rooms. 
Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Rooms. 
Trade  Sale  of  Greenhouse  Plants,  at 
The  Nurseries,  Swanley  Junction, 
by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 


Morris'  Rooms . 
'",  Trade  Sale  of  Palms,  at  the  Kew 

(.     Nursery,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 

,  Established    Orchiils,    at    Stevens' 
.  '     Rooms. 

I  Dutch     Bulbs,     at     I'rolhcroe     & 


1  Dutch     Bulbs,     a 
(_     .Morris'  Rooms. 


It  is  plain  to  see  that  the  day  for 
Bedding  Phint-^.  growing  tender  plants  for  the  de- 
coration of  the  garden  is  fast  pass- 
ing away,  and  that  before  many  years  are  over 
they  will  only  be  met  with  in  isolated  places  as 
relics  of  the  past.  Whether  we  gardeners  like  it 
or  whether  we  do  not,  will  make  very  little  differ- 
ence. The  bedding-ont  system,  as  it  is  termed, 
has  been  practised  in  this  country,  more  or  less, 
for  the  past  fifty  years,  and  was  at  the  height 
of  its  popularity  about  twenty-five  or  thirty 
years  ago.  Much  of  its  original  success  must 
be  credited  to  Mr.  Caie,  then  gardener  at  Bedford 
Lodge,  Camden  Hill,  Kensington,  who  at  that 
(now)  remote  time  practised  the  system  very 
successfully,  and  thereby  gave  it  an  impetus 
which  was  not  arrested  until  about  fourteen 
years  ago,  since  which  time  it  has  been  gradually 
losing  ground.  Doubtless  there  are  many 
reasons  for  its  decadence,  the  main  one  being 
the  ridiculous  excess  to  which  it  was  carried, 
and  the  evils  wrought  by  abuse,  want  of  taste, 
and  the  neglect  of  other  things  of  greater  and 
more  permanent  intrinsic  interest.  The  largely 
increased  demand  for  cut  flowers  and  for  plants 


suitable  for  the  decoration  of  rooms  and  dinner- 
tables  may  also  be  credited  with  some  of  the 
disfavour  into  which  the  bedding-out  system  has 
fallen.  It  is  impossible  also  to  overlook  the  fact 
that  the  diminished  adoption  of  the  bedding-out 
system  was  coincident  with  the  commencement 
of  the  depression  in  trade  about  twelve  or  thir- 
teen years  ago.  As  is  is  expensive  to  provide 
fuel,  glass  room,  and  labour  to  grow  these  plants 
we  shall  not  be  far  wrong  in  concluding  that  bad 
times  have  had  something  to  do  with  it.  The 
influence  of  the  Horticultural  Press  for  some 
years  has  also  been  exercised  against  the  glaring 
defects  of  the  system,  and  when  we  add  that 
it  is  generally  fashionable  to  decry  its  con- 
tinuance there  is  no  wonder  it  is  dying  away. 
This  system,  however,  must  be  credited  with 
having  taught  the  present  generation  of  gar- 
deners valuable  lessons  in  the  arrangement  and 
massing  of  colours,  and  let  us  hope  that  this 
lesson  will  not  be  thrown  away  and  lost 
sight  of,  thereby  landing  us  again  in  the 
old  mixed  hardy  herbaceous  border.  It  is 
far  from  our  intention  to  say  a  word 
against  the  mixed  border.  In  its  place 
it  is  one  of  the  most  useful  and  decidedly  most 
interesting  features  of  the  garden  ;  but  it  is  not 
appropriate  in  all  places  and  under  all  circum- 
stances. In  our  larger  establishments  there  is 
room  for  all  varieties  of  garden  decoration,  and 
in  many  places  where  there  are  magnilicent 
trees,  velvety  lawns,  and  impressive  architectural 
features,  we  seem  to  need,  in  their  proper 
places  and  in  due  subjection,  bright  masses  of 
colour  to  give  animation  and  brightness  to  the 
landscape.  The  present  season  of  drought,  too, 
has  taught  us  the  value  of  Pelargoniums  and 
Petunias,  and  other  plants  which  have  held  their 
own  and  produced  effects  which  would  in  many 
cases  simply  have  been  scorched  out  of  existence 
but  for  them.  In  our  public  parks  moreover, 
some  excuse  may  be  found  for  the  existence  of 
what  some  of  las  look  on  as  monstrosities — we 
mean  carpet^beds — on  the  ground  that  the  public 
appreciates  them,  and  as  the  public  pays,  it  is 
only  right  that  its  taste  should  be  satisfied, 
though,  at  the  same  time,  it  is  our  duty  on 
all  occasions  to  endeavour  to  inculcate  better 
things  by  example  and  precept.  In  fact,  we ' 
cannot  with  propriety  neglect  either  form,  colour, 
or  grouping  in  otrr  schemes  of  garden  decora- 
tion, nor  can  we  properly  exalt  the  one  at  the 
expense  of  the  others.  Our  skill  is  put  to  the 
test  by  the  way  in  which  we  avail  ourselves  of 
all  these  resources  in  their  appropriate  situations 
and  in  their  due  harmony. 

As  practical  and  intelligent  men  let  us  take 
time  by  the  forelock  and  find  out  by  diligent  in- 
quiry, research  and  experiment  among  the  thou- 
sands of  hardy  plants  which  we  possess  in  this 
country,  bright  plants  of  appropriate  colours  to 
take  the  place  of  the  discarded  Pelargoniums, 
Lobelias,  &c.  It  may  be  permissible  to  include 
among  such  plants  subjects  which  may  be  kept  in 
a  cold  frame  or  dry  room  through  the  winter  ; 
among  these  one  of  the  most  telling  plants  is 
Lobelia  cardinalis.  It  will  stand  ~^  or  8 '  of  frost, 
and  may  be  kept  in  a  cool  frame  through  the 
winter  with  extra  protection  in  the  case  of  hard 
frost.  The  same  may  be  'said  of  Calceolarias. 
( )ne  of  the  most  effective  beds  we  ever  saw  was 
planted  with  Calceolaria  amplexicaulis  as  a  ground- 
work, with  Lobelia  cardinalis  planted  about 
18  inches  apart  all  over  the  bed,  We  ha\'e  also 
seen  this  plant  used  in  the  same  way  associated 
with  Gnaphalium  lanatum,Cerastiumtomentosum, 
Dactylis  glomerata,  and  Centaurea  candidissima, 
with  all  of  which  it  harmonises  beautifully.  This 
plant  succeeds  better  in  the  North   than  the 


South,  as  it  likes  a  rather  cool  situation  and  rich 
soil. 

A  bed  carpeted  with  dwarf  plants  of  Acer  Xe- 
gundo  variegatum,  with  a  bold  plant  of  Clematis 
Jackmanni  trained  to  a  stake  in  the  centre  also 
looks  well.  The  same  groundwork  of  Acer  in- 
termixed with  blue  A'iola  is  very  pretty,  and  taller 
plants  of  Acer,  for  a  large  bed,  mixed  with  Del- 
phiniums or  Ctladiolus  are  hard  to  beat  for  beau- 
tiful effect.  For  bold  beds  or  for  hedges  China 
Itoses  are  in\'aluable  ;  they  are  hard  to  surpass  for 
brightness  of  colour  from  early  summer  to  late 
autmnn,  the  old  Fellenberg  especially  being 
conspicuous.  It  rivals  the  Pelargonium  in 
intensity  of  colour,  and  as  for  usefulness  and 
interest,  there  is  no  comparison.  Another  useful 
plant  for  massing  is  Polygonum  brunonis  ;  at  this 
time  of  the  year  its  pink  blossom  is  charming. 
It  remains  in  flower  a  long  time,  and  when  the 
flowering  period  is  over  the  foliage  assumes  a 
warm  brown  colour,  which  is  most  pleasing  to 
look  at.  It  is  a  dwarf  plant,  and  may  also  be 
used  for  lines  or  edgings. 

A  small  bed  carpeted  with  Seduni  spectabile 
intermixed  with  A'eronica  incana  is  also  very 
pretty;  these  two  bloom  about  the  same  time, 
and  have  bright  cheerful  foliage  when  out  of 
flower  ;  they  are  dwarf,  and  may  also  be  used  for 
edging  or  lines.  The  dwarf  species  of  Cam- 
panula are  very  pretty  and  useful,  especially  for 
early  summer  flowering ;  and  the  indispensable 
A'iolas  will  occur  to  everybody.  A'iola  Bluebell, 
after  blooming  splendidly  up  to  the  end  of  June, 
and  then  cut  back,  is  beautifully  in  bloom  in 
some  places.  We  should  be  glad  if  some  of  our 
correspondents  will  give  our  readers  the  benefit 
of  their  experience  in  massing  hardy  flowering 
plants  in  beds  for  eft'ect,  and  especially  with  plants 
of  pleasing  foliage,  which  will  keep  up  the  interest 
of  the  arrangements  after  the  flowers  have 
disappeared. 


EncepHALARTOS  AltenSTEINII.— The  massive 
grandeur  and  noble  proportions  of  the  Cycads,  and 
the  relatively  little  attention  they  require,  makes 
us  wonder  that,  in  large  establishments  at  least,  they 
are  not  more  frequently  grown  than  they  are.  No 
visitor  to  Kew  can  fail  to  be  impressed  with  the  mag- 
nificent collection  of  these  plants  in  the  Palm-stove 
there.  They  are  particularly  striking  wlien  seen 
in  the  condition  represented  in  fig,  66,  throwing  up 
a  sheaf  of  new  leaves,  and  bearing  their  gigantic 
cones.  A  full-page  illustration  of  one  of  these  cones 
was  given  in  om  number  for  September  25,  1876. 
Our  present  illustration,  taken  from  a  photograph 
sent  to  us  from  Natal  by  Mr.  Adlam,  shows  a  plant 
growing  at  Maritzburg,  at  an  elevation  of  2000  feet. 
"The  cones  are  shown  separating  into  their  component 
scales,  while  a  tuft  of  new  leaves  uprears  itself  to 
continue  the  npward  growth  of  the  tree.  In  the 
background  are  Bamboos  and  other  plants.  For  the 
botanical  history  of  the  plant  we  may  refer  to  the 
article  before  cited. 

A  New  Yellow  Water-Lily.— A  few  weeks 

ago  Mous.  Latoor-JIarliac,  nurseryman,  Temple- 
sur-Lot,  Garonne,  scut  to  Kew  flowers  and  leaves  of 
three  Nympha^as,  all  of  which  were  so  distinct  from 
any  cultivated  there  that  plants  were  at  once  secured 
for  the  Kew  collection.  Two  of  these  are  now 
flowering,  and  one  had  a  beautiful  flower  expanded 
on  Sunday  last.  M.  Marliac  claims  to  have  raised 
these  Nymphajas  from  chance  seedlings,  and  what- 
ever their  origin  they  are  certainly  valuable  addi- 
tions to  this  lovely  family  of  aquatic  plants.  The 
leaves  are  similar  in  shape  to  those  of  N.  odorata, 
from  which,  however,  they  differ  in  being  blotched 
and  marbled  with  purple,  as  in  N.  flava.  The  flower 
also  is  comparable  in  size  and  sliape  with  that  of 
N.  odorata,  but  the  colour,  which  is  the  principal 
feature  iu  this  new  kind,  is  a  soft  canary-yellow — the 


September  3,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDENEBS'     CHUONICLE. 


281 


yellow  of  a  Mar&hal  Xiel  Rose.  The  flower  ex- 
pands in  the  evening  and  closes  a  little  before  noon. 
M.  JfAiiLiAC  states  that  the  flowers  with  him  measure 
6  inches  in  diameter  (that  at  Kew  is  4  inches),  and 
that  the  plant  is  iiiiite  hardy  even  in  the  North  of 


however,  accept  the  first  with  a  slight  alteration,  and 
call  the  plant  Jlarliac's  Lily  or  the  Canary  Water-Lily. 
(This  last  name  is  suggested  in  the  Garden.)  We  ob- 
ject on  principle  to  the  application  of  a  Latin  name  to 
iin  undetermined  and  unregistered  plant,     llitherto 


Ryde  Horticultural  Society.— The  annual 
show,  under  the  management  of  the  Ryde  Sports 
and  Amusements  Association,  took  place  on  Thurs- 
day, August  25,  in  the  beautiful  grounds  of  the  Isle 
of  Wight  College,  and  we  must  give  Jlr,  D.  Smith, 


FlO.   66.— ENCEPHALAKT03   ALTEXSTEINII.       (sEE   P.   280.) 


France.  He  also  says  the  flowers  are  produced  in 
profusion  from  the  beginning  of  May  till  the  end  of 
October.  The  name  of  this  new  NymphsEa  has  yet 
to  be  decided  upon.  M.  Marliac  calls  it  N.  Jlar- 
liaceachromatellafoliis  hepatico-marmoratis,  but  this 
will  never  do  for  gardens  or  catalogues.     We  might. 


the  only  yellow-flowered  Nymphteas  known  were  N. 
flava,  a  pretty  but  shy  flowering  North  American 
species,  and  N.  amazonum,  a  dull  and  not  attractively 
coloured  one  from  Brazil.  There  are  good  reasons 
for  believing  that  N.  Marliaci  is  of  hybrid  origin,  its 
parents  being  N,  flava  and  N,  odorata. 


gardener,  who  has  been  on  the  estate  over  thirty  years, 
great  credit  for  the  way  in  which  the  gardens  are  kept. 
The  entries  were  more  numerous  than  last  year,  and 
the  exhibits,  especially  fruit  and  vegetables,  were 
good,  considering  the  dry  season.  The  weather  was 
almost  tropically  hot,  and  there  was  a  good  attend- 


282 


THE     GAB  DE  NEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[Septemeeb  u,  1887, 


ance,  especially  in  tlie  evening;.  The  following  are  a 
few  of  the  principal  exhibitors: — Mr.  G.  Wilkin, 
gr.  to  S.  W.  Ridley,  Esq.,  was  the  principal 
exhibitor  in  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns,  Palms, 
&c.,  and  took  all  leading  honours  ;  Mr.  J.  Attrell, 
gr.  to  E.  Eadclifte,  Esq.,  showed  well  in  all 
classes ;  Mr.  Tollay,  gr.  to  Lady  Oglander,  came  well 
to  the  front  with  fruit;  and  Mr.  J.  Dale,  gr.  to 
\V.  Gibbs,  Esq.,  Shanklin,  showed  well  cut  blooms, 
button-holes,  and  lady-sprays ;  while  in  the  com- 
petition, Mr.  Banting,  florist,  Shanklin,  took  l.st. 
The  jubilee  floral  devices  brought  si.x  entries.  Mr. 
.T.  Burt  taking  1st  honours,  with  fifty  varieties  of 
flowers ;  2nd,  Mr.  G.  Spragg.  The  cottagers'  classes 
were  well  represented. 

Testimonial  to   Mr.  James  Huntley.~A 

subscription  has  been  set  on  foot  in  the  town  of 
Trowbridge  to  present  a  testimonial  to  Mr.  .James 
Huntley,  corn  merchant,  of  Trowbridge,  who  for  the 
]>ast  twenty-four  years  has  filled  the  post  of  hon. 
secretary  to  the  local  horticultural  society.  So 
much  of  the  popularity  and  success  of  the  Trow- 
bridge Flower  Show  is  due  to  Mr.  Huntley's  ener- 
getic administration,  that  he  deserves  a  handsome 
acknowledgment  of  valuable  services. 

The   Forbury    Gardens,    Reading.— These 

public  gardens,  which  are  a  ])ortion  of  the  i>roperty 
of  the  Corporation  of  this  thriving  town,  can  now 
be  seen  to  the  best  advantage.  Though  occupying 
somewhat  of  an  eminence  with  a  face  towards  the 
river  Thames,  the  aspect  of  the  gardens  is  exceed- 
ingly gay  and  effective,  despite  the  drought,  the 
grass  and  flowers  alike  being  beautifully  fresh. 
Tliese  gardens  form  the  via  media  by  which  visitors 
are  enabled  to  reach  the  exhibitions  of  the  Reading 
Horticultural  Society  within  the  Abbey  ruins,  and 
they  also  afford  space  for  promenade,  as  the  band  is 
stationed  here  also.  The  maintenance  of  the  For- 
bury Gardens  is  entrusted  by  the  Corporation  to  Mr. 
George  Phippex.  nurseryman,  Oxford  Road,  Reading, 
and  the  way  in  which  they  are  kept  is  highly  credit- 
able alike  to  Mr.  Phippen  and  the  Corporation. 

Plant   Portraits  :   Erratum.— In   our  last 

issue  Odontoglossum  cuspidatum  and  Dendrobium 
purpureum  candidulum  were  inadvertently  mentioned 
as  having  been  figured  in  the  Illustration  Horticole 
instead  of  in  the  Lindcnia. 

The   Grass  and  Clover  Crops.— Advices 

recently  received  from  the  grass  and  Clover-growing 
districts  of  Darmstadt,  Germany,  show  that  the 
seeds  of  the  present  year's  harvest  compare  favour- 
ably, as  ftir  as  quality  is  concerned,  with  those  of  last 
year,  though  the  average  yield  is  smaller  than  it 
has  been  for  some  seasons  past.  The  wet  weather 
which  prevailed  in  the  spring,  followed  by  the 
unusual  drought  of  the  summer,  have  been  keenly 
felt  in  Germany  as  in  England,  and  caused  reduced 
crops.  Of  Cocks-foot  grass  the  crop  is  short,  and 
reports  from  Neiv  Zealand  .and  the  United  States 
show  the  same  result.  The  better  and  heavier  pro- 
duce of  these  countries  may  be  considered  as  im- 
ported, and  what  is  now  forthcoming  does  not 
appear  to  be  of  such  good  quality  as  that  already 
received.  Meadow  Foxtail  shows  about  the  same 
yield  as  last  year  ;  but  heavy  full  seed  is  scarce,  and 
what  is  available  needs  to  be  carefully  examined 
Smooth-stalked  Meadow-grass,  and  Wood  Meadow- 
grass  show  deficient  yields,  indeed  the  latter  is 
almost  a  failure,  and  prices  for  seed  of  extra  quality 
will  be  high.  Rough-stalked  Meadow-grass  has 
yielded  about  the  same  crop  as  last  year,  but  the 
quality  is  exceptionally  good.  Tall  Fescue-grass  is 
again  very  scarce,  and  prices  are  high  ;  Meadow 
Fescue,  Sheep's  Fescue,  and  Hard  Fescue  have  been 
harvested  plentifully,  and  prices  are  moderately  low. 
Of  narrow-leaved  Fescue  and  Sweet  Vernal  grasses, 
80  little  has  been  gathered  that  the  expected  demand 
cannot  possibly  be  supplied  with  genuine  pure  seeds, 
and  very  high  prices  had  to  be  paid  for  what  has 
been  obtained.  The  crop  of  Crested  Dog's-tail-grass 
appears  also  to  be  very  short,  and  prices  will  become 


higher  as  the  season  advances.  The  reports  con- 
cerning Timothy-grass  are  also  unfavourable.  Of 
red  Clover  but  very  few  samples  have  come  in  as 
yet,  and  these  are  small  in  the  grain,  inferior  in 
appearance,  and  but  a  poor  yield  is  expected  in  Ger- 
many. The  same  might  be  said  of  white  Clover, 
while  Alsike  Clover  shows  exceeding  fine  quality  as 
well  as  good  crops,  and  so  the  demand  for  it  is 
likely  to  be  great. 

"The  Naturalists  Monthly."  —  This  is  a 

newly  established  journal,  edited  by  Dr.  J.  W. 
WiLLUMS,  and  published  by  W.^lteu  Scott,  of 
Warwick  Lane,  London.  Judging  from  the  articles 
in  the  first  number  the  object  of  the  new  journal  is 
to  dift'use  as  accurate  a  knowledge  of  the  natural 
history  of  plants  and  animals  as  is  possible  con- 
sistently with  the  adoption  of  an  untechnical  and 
"popular"  style.  The  articles  are  varied,  one 
entitled  "  A  Study  in  my  Garden,"  by  Mr.  H.  W.  S. 
WoESLEy-BENisoN,  will  be  of  interest  to  Rose 
growers  and  others,  as  will  an  article  ou  "  The  Snails 
and  Slugs  of  my  Garden." 

British    Association.— Sir  Heney  Roscoe's 

address  as  President  takes  up  nearly  seven  columns 
of  the  Times,  so  that  we  can  only  refer  to  it  as  an 
address  of  extreme  interest  to  a  practical  nation,  as 
we  claim  to  be.  Sir  Henry  deals  with  the  progress 
of  chemistry  for  the  last  half  century,  and  he  shows 
how  vastly  material  progress  has  been  jendered  pos- 
sible by  the  successful  application  of  abstract  prin- 
ciples or  theories.  Let  those  who  superciliously  sav 
that  an  ounce  of  practice  is  worth  more  than  a  ton 
of  theory  read  this  address,  and  then  see  where  their 
ounce  of  practice  would  have  been  without  the 
theory.  Let  them  regard  all  the  great  advances  in 
manufactures,  electrical  applications,  and  so  on,  and 
they  will  find  that  the  progress  is  absolutely  due  to, 
first,  the  discovery  of  abstract  principles — theories, 
and  then  by  their  successful  application.  The  same 
laws,  Sir  Henry  tells  us,  regulate  organic  and 
inorganic  life ;  and  though  we  cannot  make  proto- 
plasm live,  nor  even  make  protoplasm  itself,  we  can 
make  the  compounds  out  of  which  it  is  formed. 
We  must  defer  any  further  notice  of  this  remarkable 
address. 

"  The  German  Flora."— The  first  volume  of 
this  publication,  edited  by  Dr.  Thome,  and  illus- 
trated by  160  plates  in  colours  by  Walter  Miller, 
is  before  us.  The  work  is  said  to  be  intended 
especially  for  schools ;  but  German  schoolboys  seem 
to  be  of  the  same  race  as  that  one  mentioned  by 
Mac.4Ulay.  The  text  is  in  German,  but  the  plates, 
which  are  excellent,  appeal  to  all  nationalities.  In 
this  country  we  have  nothing  to  approach  it  at  the 
price,  and  as  the  British  and  German  Floras  are  verv 
similar,  it  would  be  a  good  investment  for  our 
students  to  purchase  this  book.  They  wil  get  nothing 
so  good  for  anything  like  the  same  money  in  this 
country. 

The  JARDIN  DES  PlANTES.— We  have  received 
a  list  of  living  plants,  hardy  and  otiierwise,  offered 
in  exchange  by  the  authorities  of  the  Paris  Jardin 
des  Plantes.  Application  should  be  made  to  Pro- 
fessor CoRNu,  the  Director,  Rue  Cuvier,  27,  Paris. 

Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  So- 
ciety.— The  autumn  show  of  this  Society,  to  be 
held  in  the  Waverley  Market,  Edinburgh,  on 
Wednesday  and  Thursday,  7th  and  8th  inst.,  pro- 
mises to  be  one  of  the  largest  of  the  ordinary 
autumn  or  fruit  shows  which  the  Society  has  held 
for  many  years.  The  fine  season  experienced  in  most 
parts  of  Scotland  has  brought  fruit  and  vegetables — 
the  principal  features  of  the  autumn  show — to 
greater  perfection  than  they  have  been  seen  in  for 
many  years.  The  numerous  entries  made  lor  com- 
petition in  both  these  classes  indicates  that  there 
will  be  a  very  large  and  interesting  display.  As  might 
be  expected  after  such  a  rich  flower  season  the  ex- 
hibits in  the   honey  department  will  much  exceed 


those  of  any  previous  show  since  this  branch  was 
instituted  some  ten  years  ago  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  bee-keeping. 

The  Desert  Flora.— Under  the  title  Die 
Flora  (ler  .Kiiiplish-Arahischni  Wiifte  Dr.  George 
VoLKENs  has  published  a  series  of  observations  ou 
the  plants  of  the  Egyptian  and  Arabian  desert, 
detailing  the  peculiar  features  of  the  vegetation. 
The  physiological  history  of  the  plants  is  given  in 
relation  to  the  absorption  and  transpiration  of 
water  or  vapour,  the  assimilation  or  digestion  of  food, 
the  mechanical  framework,  the  fertilisation  of  the 
flower  and  the  dispersion  of  the  seed.  All  these 
phenomena,  it  is  obvious,  must  be  more  or  less 
modified  to  suit  the  remarkable  climatal  conditions 
that  prevail.  Specially  interesting  are  the  anatomical 
details  relating  to  particular  species,  and  showing 
how  the  internal  conformation  of  stem  and  leaf  is 
adapted  in  compliance  with  the  intense  heat  and  light 
of  the  district  in  cjuestion,  and  especially  in  relation  to 
the  great  drought.  The  large  amount  of  assimilating 
cells  in  proportion  to  the  cells  not  containing  chloro- 
phyll is  a  marked  feature,  showing  that  diminished 
surface  is  compensated  for  by  increased  number  of 
chlorophyll  cells,  the  loose  spongy  tissue  of  the  leaf 
being  greatly  reduced.  We  are  confident  that  much 
valuable  information  for  practical  cultivators  might 
be  obtained  from  a  careful  investigation  of  the  inter- 
nal structure  of  the  leaf  and  other  organs,  and  their 
adaptation  to  various  climatal  conditions.  We  have 
given  illustrations  of  this  in  the  case  of  Orchids,  and 
trust  that  ere  long  some  of  the  rising  school  of 
anatomists  will  turn  their  attention  in  this  direction. 

"  Bees  and  Bee-keeping.  " — We  have  now  lying 
before  us  Parts  "J,  10,  and  11  o(  Sees  and  Bec-keepinff, 
vol.  ii.,  by  Frank  R.  Cheshire  (published  by  L. 
Upcott  Gill,  170,  Strand).  We  have  before  dived 
into  what  has  been  written  by  Mr.  Cheshire,  and 
have  always  been  impressed  with  what  he  has 
to  say.  He  has  given  a  lifetime  to  the  scientific  and 
practical  study  of  the  honey-bee,  and  has  been  emi- 
nently successful.  Part  9  contains  the  continuation 
of  "  Raising  and  Introduction  of  Queens,"  and  the 
commencement  of  "  The  Apiary  :  its  Establishment 
and  General  Management."  Part  10  contains  the 
continuation  of  the  same  subject,  while  Part  11 
finishes  it,  and  commences  a  chapter  on  the  pro- 
duction of  honey.  It  is  impossible  in  a  brief  notice 
to  go  fully  into  all  the  tilings  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Cheshire  ;  suBice  it  to  say  that  the  subject  is  treated 
of  in  an  exhaustive  manner,  and  there  seems  little 
or  nothing  left  unsaid.  Every  book  which  Mr. 
Cheshire  has  laid  under  contribution  receives  due 
acknowledgment,  and  the  result  is  almost  eucyclo- 
pa;dic.  We  strongly  recommend  his  work  to  all 
interested  in  bee-keeping  or  bees. 

The  Mucilage  Cells  of  Blechnum  occi- 

DENTALE  and  OSMUNDA  REGALIS. — Mr.  TOKOTARO 
Ito,  F.L.S.,and  Mr.  Walter  Gaiidineb,  M.A.,  lately 
communicated  to  the  Royal  Society  a  paper  on  this 
subject : — "  The  growing  point  of  many  Ferns  is 
found  to  be  covered  with  a  slimy  mucilage  which  arises 
from  hairs  situated  ou  the  palex  and  the  leaves,  or, 
where  paleaj  are  absent,  on  the  leaves  only.  This 
mucilaginous  secretion  serves  a  most  important 
jihysiological  function,  in  that  it  readily  takes  up 
and  retains  water,  and  thus  keeps  the  young  bud 
moist,  and  at  the  same  time  tends  to  prevent  too 
excessive  transpiration.  The  cells  which  secrete  the 
mucilage  are  large  and  swollen,  and  the  secretion 
escapes  by  the  rupturing  of  the  cell  wall.  They 
investigated  two  cases  of  mucilaginous  secretion,  viz., 
Blechnum  occidentale,  where  in  each  hair  only 
the  terminal  cell  is  glandular,  and  Osmunda  regalis, 
where  usually  all  the  cells  of  the  hair  are 
equally  endowed  with  the  secretory  function.  They 
found  that  the  mucilage  arises  from  the  protoplasm 
only  and  not  from  the  cell  wall,  and  that  the  whole 
process  is  distinctly  intraprotoplasmic.  The  struc- 
ture of  a  mature  gland  is  wonderfully  like  that  of 
the  secretory  animal  cells  investigated  by  Lanoley. 
{Cambridge  Phil,  Soc.  Proc.,  vol.  v.,  p.  25.)" 


September  3,  1887.] 


THE     GAIiDENEBS'     CIIBONICLE. 


283 


Colonial  Notes. 


THE  ArPLE  CROP  OF  N(  )VA  SCOTIA. 

The  yearly  increasing  extent  and  importance  of 
our  Apple  orchards  and  small  fruit  farms,  and  the 
constant  improvements  that  are  being  introduced  in 
tlieir  management,  render  them  of  special  interest  in 
our  crop  returns.  The  enquiries  made  respecting 
the  orciiards  and  fruit  were  these  : — Present  appear- 
ance of  Apple  and  other  orchards;  whether  the  fruit 
set  well,  and  is  maturing  satisfactorily  ;  what 
varieties  are  likely  to  be,  respectively — average,  over 
average,  and  under  average,  in  quantity ;  also,  what 
varieties  promise  to  be  superior,  inferior,  and  aver- 
age, in  quality.  Further,  what  extent  of  new  orchard 
has  been  planted  in  the  district  this  season. 

In  giving  the  results,  it  is  desirable  to  distinguisli 
between  the  counties  that  form  the  great  seat  of  the 
Apple  industry  (where  orchards  are  numerous  and 
extensive,  and  which  supply  the  English  and 
American  market) ;  and  those  in  which  fruit  is 
grown  on  a  limited  scale,  merely  or  mostly  for  home 
consumption,  or  where  the  planting  of  extensive 
orchards  is  so  recent  that  they  have  not  yet  come 
into  bearing.  Although  certain  districts  in  other 
counties  have  shown  their  capacity  for  the  produc- 
tion of  splendid  Apples,  yet  most  of  the  orchards 
that  supply  the  English  market  are  in  Annapolis  and 
King's  Counties. 

Last  year  the  Apple  crop  was  reported  from  the 
fruit  counties  as  fully  20  per  cent,  above  the  yield  of 
any  previous  year,  and  the  fruit  of  excellent  quality, 
the  most  promising  market  sorts  being  Baldwin, 
Northern  Spy,  Gravenstein,  Nonpareil,  Rhode  Island 
Greening,  Ribston  Pippin,  and  Golden  Russet ;  lots 
of  the  last  named  brought  the  highest  prices  at  the 
late  winter  sales  in  England.  In  King's  and  An- 
napolis Counties  there  was  not  so  much  extension  of 
the  orchard  area  as  in  some  former  years,  but  more 
attention  was  paid  to  culture,  so  as  to  produce  tlie 
best  possible  quality  of  fruit.  Whilst  the  crop  was 
unusually  large  in  Annapolis  County,  many  of  the 
orchards  in  King's  suftered  from  canker-worm,  fail- 
ing to  set,  and  dropping  of  fruit,  so  that  in  the  latter 
county  there  was  not  more  than  an  average  crop. 
The  fruit,  however,  was  of  good  quality,  and  brought 
unusually  large  prices. 

This  year,  in  Annapolis  County,  Clements  reports 
a  probable  average  crop ;  Salem,  prospect  of  a  de- 
ficient crop,  owing  to  spring  frost  and  other  causes, 
but  fruit  promises  to  be  of  good  quality.  At  Round 
Hill,  owing  to  high  winds,  insects,  &c.,  fruit  did  not 
set  well,  so  that  the  crop  will  be  under  average.  At 
Annapolis,  also,  the  setting  was  interfered  with, 
especially  in  Nonpareils,  by  the  blossom-worm,  and 
all  sorts  are  largely  under  average.  Nictaux  reports 
trees  thrifty,  and  that  they  blossomed  well,  but, 
owing  to  frosts  at  setting  time,  the  crop  will  be 
small.  In  Clarence  the  orchards  are  thrifty,  but 
fruit  did  not  set  well ;  as  at  Annapolis,  so  here,  the 
Nonpareil  is  the  chief  sufferer,  but  other  leading 
market  sorts — Baldwin,  Bishop  Pippin,  Gravenstein, 
Ribston  Pippin— are  all  under  average.  At  Bridge- 
town the  trees  blossomed  very  fully,  notwithstanding 
the  large  crop  of  the  previous  year,  but  the  fruit  did 
not  set,  and  there  will  not  be  over  half  of  an  average 
crop,  quality  poor  also  in  some  varieties.  At  Para- 
dise the  Apple  crop  is  far  under  average  ;  the  show 
of  blossoms  was  very  fine,  but  owing  to  spring  frosts, 
or  other  causes,  the  fruit  did  not  set  as  fully  as  pro- 
mised. lOng  of  Tompkins  promises  fair  quality,  also 
Blenheims,  all  other  varieties  below  average. 

In  King's  County,  West  Cornwallis  reports  appear- 
ance below  average,  from  fruit  not  setting  well ; 
Plums  blossomed  abundantly,  but  give  little  sign  of 
fruit.  In  Cornwallis  generally  the  orchards  are  not 
as  promising  as  last  year  ;  Ribstons  promise  average, 
but  Baldwins,  Northern  Spy,  and  Bishop  Pippin,  are 
inferior.  In  Lower  Horton  the  canker-worm  has 
done  some  injury,  but  the  fruit  set  well,  and  is  now 
maturing  well,  so  that  there  is  a  good  prospect  of 
crop.  G.  Lawson,  Secretary  for  Agriculture .   ■ 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Peaches  Asn  Nectabines.  —  The  gathering  of 
these  fruits  will  now  claim  daily  attention.  They 
are  much  better  gathered  before  becoming  too  ripe, 
and  kept  in  the  fruit-room  for  a  day  or  two,  previous 
to  being  sent  in  for  dessert.  The  trees  should  still 
receive  attention  by  kee])ing  all  newly  made  growths 
persistently  pinched  or  cut  out,  and  any  that  are 
found  to  be  too  thickly  furnished  with  fruiting  wood 
for  next  year's  crop  sliould  be  thinned  out  as  soon 
as  the  trees  are  cleared  of  their  fruits,  so  as  to 
enable  the  fruiting  shoots  to  thoroughly  ripen  up 
their  buds ;  and  as  the  trees  become  cleared  of  their 
fruit  attend  to  the  thorough  cleansing  of  the  trees 
by  the  use  of  the  garden  engine,  and  insecticide,  if 
neceasary.  Also  give  tiiem  thorough  root-waterings 
till  there  has  been  a  good  soaking  of  rain,  as  red- 
spider  will  be  found  to  have  increased  rapidly  during 
the  time  of  the  ripening  of  the  fruit.  Apricots 
should  also  receive  the  same  attention  now  they  are 
cleared  of  their  fruits. 

Figs  that  are  ripe  or  ripening  will  also  require 
daily  attention.  In  gathering  take  great  care  in 
handling  the  fruit,  as  it  is  easily  bruised.  Tliese  are 
best  gathered  when  quite  ripe,  llulbei-ries  are  now 
ripening,  and  will  form  a  variety  to  the  supply  for 
the  dessert  and  culinary  purposes.  Should  the  trees 
be  growing  on  turf  the  ripest  of  the  fruit  may  be 
allowed  to  fall,  and  can  be  gathered  up  for  dessert 
purposes,  as  these  are  the  rtnest  of  the  fruit,  and  in 
falling  on  grass  are  not  damaged  in  any  way.  Their 
flavour  will  also  be  found  to  be  better  than  those 
gathered  from  off  the  tree,  E.  Ward  HeiocU,  BromS' 
grove.  


Home  Correspondence. 


EFFECT  OF  SALT  ON  NARCISSUS  TRIANDRUS.— 

The  native  country  of  Narcissus  triandrus  (Linnaeus) — 
I  am  speaking  of  the  white  flowered  form  only — is  the 
north-west  coast  of  Spain  and  Portugal.  It  also 
attains  its  largest  development  in  an  island  on  the 
south-west  coast  of  Brittany.  In  all  these  places, 
and  especially  in  the  latter,  it  is  within  the  influence 
of  the  salt  spray  brought  from  the  Atlantic  by 
westerly  gales,  which  must  impregnate  not  only  the 
air  but  the  soil.  This  saline  matter,  which  in  Eng- 
land is  often  carried  as  far  as  the  Midland  Counties, 
may  be  a  more  important  factor  in  the  distribution  of 
plants  than  is  generally  supposed.  Last  winter  I 
tried  the  effect  of  sprinkling  one  side  of  a  pan  of  N. 
triandrus  with  salt  and  leaving  the  other  side  witii- 
out  salt.  On  turning  out  the  bulbs  recently  those  on 
the  salted  side  were  found  to  be  far  larger  than  those 
on  the  other,  Of  course  the  experiment  must  be 
many  times  repeated,  before  any  theory  can  be 
proved  by  it:  but  I  mention  it,  in  case  others 
may  be  disposed  to  make  the  same  experiment. 
C.  'WoUcy  Bod. 

POTATO  SCAB.—"  A.  D."  will  find,  if  he  refers  to 
the  notice  upon  this  subject  that  I  do  not  make  the 
statement  on  my  own  authority  that  this  disease  is 
caused  by  excess  of  wet,  and  is  augmented  by  the 
application  of  farmyard  dung,  but  on  the  investiga- 
tions of  several  German  experimentalists  who  may 
usually  be  trusted  for  their  careful  and  systematic 
researches.  From  several  inquiries  which  I  have 
made  in  this  neighbourhood  during  the  past  week  I 
find  that  soil,  as  well  as  season  and  manure,  has 
much  to  do  with  the  development  of  scab  in  the 
Potato,  In  one  field  where  the  soil  is  of  a  hot 
gravelly  nature,  and  to  which  a  liberal  dressing  of 
farmyard  dung  has  been  given,  scab  is  now  most 
prevalent  with  all  varieties.  In  another  field,  of 
moderately  stiff  loam  and  clay,  also  manured  with 
farmyard  dung,  a  crop  of  Early  Rose  Potatos  now 
being  dug  is  entirely  free  from  scab.  In  my  own 
garden,  where  the  soil  is  of  medium  quality, 
scab  has  not  been  observed  this  season  in  any  of  the 
earlier  varieties,  but  in  wet  seasons  it  has  sometimes 
been  seen.  In  an  adjoining  piece  of  land  the  Potato 
crop  is  always  liable  to  scab  let  the  season  be  wet  or 
dry ;  this  is  thought  to  be  due  to  the  fact  that  a  pre- 
vious occupier  deluged  the  land  with  coal-ashes.  In 
some  of  the  Rothamsted  experiments,  where  Potatos 
are  grown  year  after  year  on  the  same  land,  ten  plots 
are  set  apart,  to  one  of  which  no  manure  is  ever  applied ; 
the  other  nine  plots  each  receive  a  different  manurial 
application,  the  same  description  of  manure  being 
applied  to  the  same  plot  each  year.   Here  we  have  con- 


ditions which  one  would  think  most  conducive  to 
disease,  and  yet  it  is  only  on  the  plots  to  which 
farmyard  manure  is  applied,  either  alone  or  in  com- 
bination with  artificrAl  manures,  that  there  is  any 
indication  of  scab,  and  then  only  in  very  wet  seasons. 
It  will  be  of  interest  to  note  the  effects  of  the  various 
manures  upon  this  particular  disease  in  this  excep- 
tionally dry  year,  and  I  will  endeavour  to  report  the 
result  after  the  crop  has  been  lifted.  John  J.  W'dlis, 
Haiycmhn. 

WASPS. — The  following  extract  from  a  letter 
from  a  clerical  friend  in  the  West  of  England  may 
be    both    amusing    and    instructive : — "  Flies    are 

rather    a     plague     at    on    Sundays.      They 

swarmed  into  the  chapel-of-ease  yesterday  after- 
noon (August  21),  thronging  the  windows;  but  a 
party  of  wasps  soon  found  them  out.  By  the  time 
the  Psalms  were  ended  the  windows  were  cleared  of 
flies,  and  then  the  wasps  were  able  to  bestow  all 
their  attention  upon  the  pomatum  of  the  congrega- 
tion. Wasps  in  the  hot  weather  are  an  excellent 
substitute  for  the  old-fashioned  beadle  and  stick." 
IL  M.  I. 

Noticing  that  your  correspondent,   Richard 

Weller,  has  tried  all  the  usual  sour  drinks  for  the 
destruction  of  wasps  without  effect,  I  beg  to  re- 
commend to  him  a  preparation  just  introduced  by 
Barclay,  of  Farringdon  Street,  London,  under  the 
name  of  "  Deatii  to  Wasps."  which  extensive  trial 
has  proved  to  be  most  effectual.  It  is  a  powder, 
lialf  a  teaspoonful  of  which,  put  into  tlie  mouth 
of  a  nest,  proves  instant  death  to  every  wasp  inside 
and  renders  it  perfectly  safe  to  dig  out  the  nest  at 
leisure  and  destroy  all  grubs.  JV.  P.  [Another  cor- 
respondent also  advises  the  use  of  this  preparation. 
Ed] 

~- —  In  reply  to  Mr.  Weller's  inquiry  at  p.  256, 
as  to  the  best  means  for  destroying  wasps,  I  may 
state  that  I  have  used  the  following,  and  find  it 
very  eflectual: — 4  oz.  cyanide  of  potassium  [Potson], 
dissolved  in  a  half-pint  of  water;  a  piece  of  any 
old  linen  about  G  inches  square,  well  soaked  in 
the  above  and  placed  at  the  entrances  of  each 
nest,  so  that  as  the  wasps  go  in  or  out  they  will 
have  to  pass  over  the  rag.  In  a  very  short  time 
the  entrance  will  be  blocked  with  dead  wasps  ;  if  the 
rag  is  covered  with  them  they  should  be  brushed  off, 
so  that  all  may  come  ill  contact  with  it.  This  is 
a  very  effectual  and  not  an  expensive  remedy.  In  this 
way  I  have  destroyed  sixty-seven  nests  this  season, 
which  is  a  proof  that  wasps  are  very  plentiful  here. 
It  should  be  remembered  that  the  substance  is  a 
poison,  and  must  be  carefully  used.  Aiulrew  Campbell, 
The  Gardens.  Ask/ord,  Cong,  Co.  Galway, 

FUNGUS  IN  MUSHROOM-HOUSE.— Is  the  en- 
closed tjie  fructification  of  the  fungus  called  dry-rot  ? 
I  found  it  hanging  from  the  roof  (inside)  of  our 
Mushroom-house,  which  is  boarded.  J.  G.  N.  [The 
example  sent  for  identification  has  nothing  to  do 
with  the  fungus  of  dry-rot.  It  is  the  tough  carti- 
laginous stem  of  a  fungus,  without  cap  or  fruit,  a 
little  over  2  feet  8  inches  long,  and  a  little  more 
than  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  It  is  the  stem 
of  a  fungus  named  Lentinus  lepideus,  said  to  be  rare 
— this,  however,  is  not  our  experience.  It  generally 
grows  on  Fir  wood,  and  is  destructive  to  roofs,  &c., 
made  of  Fir.  It  frequently  grows  in  a  monstrous 
and  abnormal  manner.  There  is  a  good  example  in 
the  British  Museum,  where  "J.  G.  N.'s  "  specimen 
has  been  sent.   W.  G.  S. 

FASCIATED  PINE-APPLE.— I  enclose  you  a  pho- 
tograph of  a  very  large  specimen,  showing  fasciation 
in  the  Pine-apple.  The  specimen  was  obtained  from 
the  higher  part  of  the  Berbice  River,  and  was  sent 
to  the  museum  here  by  a  Mr.  Duggin,  of  New  Amster- 
dam. The  basal  portion  below  the  point  of  separation 
of  the  stems  was  raised  about  1  foot  from  the  ground, 
and  bore  a  few  adventitious  roots.  Some  of  the 
small  stems  bore  one,  some  two,  some  four  and  five 
small  Pines,  several  of  which  were  ripe  when  the 
specimen  was  obtained.  In  all  there  were  more 
than  twenty  small  Pines  on  the  one  coalesced  mass, 
Juhn  J.  Quck-h,  Curator,  British  Guiana  Museum, 
Demerara, 

TWELVE  WEEKS  OF  DROUGHT.— I  noticed  in 
the  weather  report  of  August  6  rather  frequent 
showers  of  rain  over  England.  This  might  have  been 
so  over  some  parts  of  England — not  in  this  part  of 
Hertfordshire,  with  the  exception  of  a  slight  shower 
or  two  on  the  18th  inst. ;  consequently  fruit  trees  are 
beginning  to  feel  the  want  of  moisture,  except  those 
that  have  been  freely  watered ;  those  having  their 


284 


THE     GAEDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeh  3,  1887. 


roots  near  the  surface  and  bearing  heavy  crops  are 
suftVring  most,  especially  on  light  soil.  Pyramids  on 
borders  are  looking  healthy,  bearing  average  crops  of 
clean  shapely  fruit,  more  especially  those  having 
their  roots  down  into  the  lower  region,  where  the 
influence  of  our  present  tropical  heat  has  not  i-eached ; 
so  much  for  deep  root-run.  Still  the  writer  is  not 
an  advocate  of  deep  root- run  in  the  case  of  fruit  trees. 
Gardeners  would  do  well  to  take  note  of  -  their 
fruit  trees  during  the  recent  weather ;  I  think 
one  could  almost  satisfy  himself  about  where  tlie 
roots  of  his  trees  are.  As  regards  quantity  and 
quality  of  fruit,  small  fruits  were  good,  except  Goose- 
berries and  Raspberries — the  latter  were  exceedingly 
small  and  thin.  Water  was  freely  administered  on 
Strawberries  ;  the  result  was  an  excellent  crop,  of 
good  quality ;  I  consider  they  have  highly  paid 
the  labour  bestowed  upon  them.  Vegetables  on 
light  soil  are  very  poor ;  those  on  trenched  and 
highly  manured  gi-ound  turned  out  best.  I  highly 
recommend  deep  trenching  with  plenty  of  manure 
for  summer  vegetables,  especially  in  such  trying 
seasons  as  the  present.  We  gi'ow  our  Peas  on  the 
French  system,  i.e..  opening  a  trench  2k  feet  wide, 
18  inches  deep,  1  foot  of  well  decayed  manure  in  the 
bottom,  6  inches  of  soil  on  the  top ;  all  the  trenches 
are  opened  and  filled  a  few  weeks  previous  to  sowing. 
I  may  state  that  we  sow  about  13  quarts  of  Peas. 
Our  second  sowing  at  the  jiresent  time  is  quite  fresli 
and  flowering  the  second  time,  and  by  the  help  of 
rain  we  shall  have  two  or  three  gatherings  yet.  All 
our  successional  sowings  are  doing  the  same  down 
to  the  latest — Ne  Plus  Ultra  and  James  Veitch's 
Perfection,  which  are  flowering  freely  at  the  present 
time.  I  may  say  that  they  have  been  all  watered 
three  times  a  week  (not  morning  watering,  but  after- 
noon, between  4  and  5  o'clock).  Those  who  have 
failed  with  their  Peas  this  season  should  adopt 
the  trench  system  in  the  future,  or  well  trenched 
ground,  well  manured,  which  will  prove  the  same. 
Potatos  are  very  small,  but  of  good  quality ;  the 
varieties  are  ^lyatt's  Prolitic  and  Veitch's  Ashleaf. 
We  have  other  successes  and  failures,  perhaps  of 
interest  to  many,  but  in  case  of  encroaching  too 
much  on  your  valuable  columns  I  shall  withdraw. 
/.  Cameron. 

DROUGHT  IN  THE  SOUTH  OF  IRELAND.— Nothing 
could  be  more  varied,  according  to  soil  and  situation, 
as  you  must  have  noticed  by  some  of  the  correspond- 
ence already  sent  you  on  the  subject  of  drought.  1 
know  two  gardens  within  easy  reach :  one  is  cool  and 
low-lying,  and  has  at  present  splendid  crops  of 
Apples,  Pears,  and  outdoor  wall  Peaches — never 
finer  ;  and,  what  is  almost  better,  owing  to  perfect 
ripening  of  the  wood,  a  certainty  of  having  them  even 
better  next  year.  Another,  more  elevated,  and  with 
soil  of  a  limestone  formation,  has  the  foliage  of  the 
same  fruit  trees  either  drooping  and  withered,  and 
the  fruit  hanging  stunted  and  wrinkled,  or  fallen 
quite  worthless.  I  have  recently  visited  very  much 
of  the  country,  and  I  venture  to  say  there  is  not  a 
green  velvety  lawn  in  the  "  Green  Island "  to-day. 
When  this  is  the  case  with  lawns  and  tennis-grounds, 
you  can  readily  imagine  the  crisped  and  burnt-up 
appearance  of  grass  fields  and  pastures.  It  is  amusing 
to  find  correspondents  having  no  wasps.  Why,  I 
have  seen  Peach  walls  and  vineries  where  the  "  traps  " 
had  perforce  to  be  used,  and  as  numerously  as  the  fruit ; 
and  Mr.  Gough,  of  Birdhill,  gave  up  the  vineries  to 
them  altogether,  as  it  took  the  head  gardener 
too  much  away  from  looking  after  his  specialty 
— the  Orchids.  Taking  a  look  around  to-day,  here 
are  some  of  my  experiences.  Owing  to  dryness  at  the 
roots  which  a  limited  supply  of  rather  hard  water 
prevents  me  from  remedying,  none  of  ray  Dahlias — 
show,  fancy.  Cactus,  or  pompon — the  singles  are  wholly 
malformed  —  have  come  to  any  perfection ;  nor 
have  my  neighbour's;  while  at  the  Duumore  East  show 
a  few  days  ago  the  judges  came  to  the  conclusion 
they  had  never  seen  finer  than  a  stand  of  forty-eight 
sent  by  Messrs.  Saunders,  of  Cork,  not  for  competi- 
tion. 1  have  a  large  collection  of  Gladiolus  ganda- 
vensis,  and,  like  the  Dahlias  (though  they  are  free 
from  the  customary  red-spider  on  the  foliage),  after 
opening  a  day  or  two  tlie  blooms  swarm  with  thrips. 
Among  trees  and  shrubs  thcElm  and  Lilac  are  the  two 
first  to  become  denuded,  and  already  they  are  wear- 
ing the  mournful  appearance  of  mid-October.  Among 
flowers,  Pansies  and  Primulas  seem  to  have  suff'ered 
first  and  worst.  I  tried  to  save  some  novelties  of 
both  by  covering  tliem  wholly  over  with  clay.  The 
catalogue  is  a  dark  one,  and  might  be  continued,  but 
I  must  conclude  with  a  look  at  the  other  side  of  the 
picture.  Snails  and  slugs  must  have  had  a  bad  time 
of  it — they    are    certainly    scarce,    comparatively, 


even  after  a  shower,  from  their  Box-edging  lair. 
Antirrhinums  and  Pelargoniums  seemed  to  revel  in 
the  sunshine,  and  seed  of  those,  as  of  Carnations  and 
Picotees,  should  be  good  and  plentiful.  It  is  amusing 
in  mid-August  to  see  autumn  Crocus  and  the  Crown 
Anemones  throwing  up  flower-buds,  as  1  now  notice 
— the  latter  for  the  second  time  this  year.  IT.  J. 
Murphy,  Clonrnel. 

DISAS. — By  this  day's  parcel  post  I  have  sent 
you  three  forms  ofDisagrandiflora,  viz.,  D.  g.  grandi- 
rtora,  D.  g.  violascens,  and  Mr.  Gumbleton's  var., 
D.  g.  rosea.  The  bottom  flowers  of  our  own 
two  varieties  have  been  open  five  weeks,  and  Mr. 
Gumbleton's  three  weeks,  and  I  do  not  think  the 
latter  will  bear  the  test  of  being  the  brightest  form, 
and  such  is  the  opinion  of  some  of  your  corre- 
spondents. I  had  my  plant  direct  from  Mr. 
Gumbleton,  and  he  has  violascens  from  us.  Mr.  G. 
is  rather  hard  on  the  Chatsworth  form.  Fred.  Bedford, 
Co.  Kildare. 

TRAINING  WIRE.— The  unsightly  appearance  of 
sticks  and  other  devices  used  in  training  plants, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  time  occupied  in  adjusting 
them,'  induces  gardeners  to  resort  to  other  means  for 
the  purpose,  such  as  the  employment  of  wire  collars, 
of  perforations  in  the  rim  of  the  pot,  and  so  on. 
The  arrangement  shown  at  fig.  67  will  commend 
itself  for  its  simplicity  and  efticiency.  The  wire 
ring  slipped  over  tlie  pot,  from  below  upwards,  and 
fixed  beneath  the  rim,  is  provided  with  a  series  of 


loops  to  which  the  "  ties  "  can  be  affixed,  or  by  means 
of  which  the  pot  can  be  suspended.  These  wires  are 
made  at  a  cheap  rate  by  Mr.  Day,  of  Bedford.  H. 

CARNATIONS. — Lovers  of  Carnations  who  may 
be  visiting  Matlock  would  do  well  to  see  a  fine  col- 
lection now  in  bloom  at  Mr.  Jno.  Brown's,  Matlock 
Bank;  they  are  excellent,  and  Jlr.  Brown  will  be 
delighted  to  show  any  one  his  favourites.  S. 

INFLUENCE  OF  SCION  ON  STOCK.— I  have  an 
interesting  instance  of  the  above  in  our  nursery. 
Several  young  English  Elms  were  gi-afted  in  the 
spring  with  the  new  variegated  variety,  Louis  Van 
Houtte,  one  of  which,  after  lingering  some  time, 
perished  with  the  drought.  The  stock  has  now 
thrown  out  several  shoots,  one  of  which,  on  the 
opposite  side  to  which  the  scion  was  placed,  is 
identical  with  the  variety  with  which  the  stock  was 
grafted.  George  Swaites,  The  Nurseries,  Veivrlei/, 
[Kindly  send  lis  a  leaf  of  the  scion,  if  you  can  spare 
one,  and  one  of  the  stock  for  us  to  see.  Ed.] 

CI^PRIPEDIUM  ORPHANORUM.  —  This  garden 
hybrid  was  named  by  Dr.  Beichenbach  (see  p.  231). 
It  was  raised  in  Messrs.  Veitch's  nursery,  parent- 
age unknown,  hence  the  name.  1  examined  the 
flowers  carefully  with  Mr.  Seden,  and  it  is  evident 
that  C.  barbatum  is  the  seed-bearer,  and  probably 
C.  Druryi  the  pollen-parent.  Those  who  have  had 
no  experience  with  the  raising  of  seedling  Orchids 
cannot  conceive  how  difficult  it  is  to  keep  a  complete 
record  of  them.  Some  of  the  seeds  will  drop  out  of 
the  pods  before  they  are  gathered,  and  sow  them- 
selves. In  one  case  I  had  given  up  hopes  of  getting 
any    plants     from    a     sowing,    and     repotted    the 


plants  on  which  seeds  had  been  scattered,  and 
after  many  days  some  twenty  fine  baby  Cypri- 
pediums  are  found  clustering  round  the  base  of  a 
plant  when  the  source  from  which  they  had  been 
derived  was  forgotten.  We  have  them  now !  They 
will  flower  some  day  doubtless— another  C.  orphan- 
orum.  J.  D. 

This  name  (see  Gardcim-s  Chroniek,  August 

20,  p.  231,  col.  2),  was  given  by  Professor  Reichen- 
bach  to  a  hybrid  Cypripedium  raised  by  Mr.  Seden, 
of  which  the  parentage  is  uncertain.  This  Cypriped 
is  described  by  him  in  the  Gardeners'  Chroiiiele, 
xxvi.  (1886),  p.  166.  The  Professor  very  rarely  sins 
in  his  selection  of  classical  words ;  he  does  not  in  the 
present  instance,  for  although  "  orphanus-a-um  "  was 
not  adopted  by  any  Latin  classical  writer,  the  word 
oj>ipavhs-Ti-hi'  is  as  pure  a  classical  word  as  any  to  be 
found  throughout  the  whole  range  of  Greek  litera- 
ture. It  was  in  use  from  the  earliest  times,  for  it 
occurs  in  Od.,  xx.,  line  sixty-eight,  thus: — "  ai  if 
AiiroiTo  iptfiaval  tv  fieydpoiiTL."  The  equivalent  Latin 
for  opcfjavos  is  properly  orbus,  of  which  the  verbal 
form  is  orhire.  A.  H.  K. 

CAMPANULA  VIDALLI.  —  Although  introduced 
from  tlie  Azores  as  long  since  as  1851,  and  figured 
in  the  Butanieal  Mar/a:iiie  (t.  4748),  this  noble 
Campanula  is  still  scarcely  to  be  seen  out  of 
botanic  gardens.  The  plant'  has  been  in  flower  this 
summer  in  the  cool  compartment  of  the  T  ''!i"g'^ 
at  Kew,  where  its  distinct  habit  and  drooping 
racemose  wax-like  flowers  have  been  very  striking. 
The  illustration,  prepared  for  lis  by  Mr.  Weathers 
(fig.  68),  shows  the  character  of  the  flowers,  but 
does  not  indicate  the  half-shrubby  nature  of  the 
plant,  which  attains  a  height  of  some  2—3  feet.  It 
is  excellently  adapted  for  the  cool  greenhouse  or  for 
the  decoration  of  the  summer  flower  beds.  It 
was  originally  introduced  through  Mr.  H.  C.  Watson 
and  Mr.  Peter  Wallace,  gardener  to  our  old  corre- 
spondent, Don  Jose  do  Canto. 

LILIUM  POLYPHYLLUM.— Jly  request  for  infor- 
mation as  to  the  growth  of  this  plant  in  its  native 
habitats  has  been  so  fully  responded  to  by  Mr.  E. 
Huftelen,  of  Le  Roy,  New  York,  that  I  think  you 
might  like  to  publish  his  letter,  copied  below : — "I 
saw  your  paragi'aph  on  Lilium  polyphyllum,  which 
has  just  reached  me.  Now  I  have  not  been  to  India, 
but  last  year,  feeling  the  need  of  more  direct  infor- 
mation concerning  this  particular  Lily,  I  wrote  to 
an  old  friend  of  mine— now  a  Dutch  missionary  in 
that  country — to  look  the  matter  over  and  report  to 
me.  I  translate  from  his  letter  as  follows  : — '  I  did 
not  find  L.  polyphyllum  growing  at  a  low  altitude 
on  the  mountains,  where  I  imagine  the  winters  are 
as  severe  as  they  are  with  you,  though  not  so  long. 
I  find  them  almost  invariably  growing  on  ground 
sloping  to  the  north,  so  that  at  no  time  during  the 
day  can  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  strike  the  ground 
squarely,  as  would  be  the  case  if  they  grew  on  ground 
sloping  to  the  south.  However,  I  have  in  one  or 
two  instances  seen  them  growing  in  a  southern 
exposure,  but  they  were  shaded  by  low  shrubs.  I 
am  satisfied  that  "this  Lily  is  not  an  aquatic,  nor 
does  it  appear  to  be  a  true  alpine.  I  notice  it  grows 
much  better  in  such  soil  as  seems  to  have  been  washed 
down  from  the  heights  above,  of  about  half-and- 
half  gravelly  soil  and  vegetable  fibre.  Though  it 
seems  to  seed  freely  it  is  far  from  being  plentiful. 
As  the  natural  conditions  of  its  growth  appear 
to  be  very  simple,  there  should  be  no  difficulty 
with  it  under  cultivation.  It  is  a  very  hand- 
some Lily,  fragrant,  too,  and  stately,  growing  5  or 
6  feet  high,  with  from  four  to  six  flowers  on 
a  stalk.  The  ground  colour  is  old  pearl-white, 
dotted  along  the  midrib  of  the  petals  with 
short,  very  fine  royal  purple  lines.  I  feel  sure 
that  if  you  can  protect  it  from  too  much  wet 
during  your  long  winter,  you  will  succeed  with 
it.  I  think  it  will  bear  all  the  cold  incident  to 
your  climate.  I  have  flowered  this  Lily  for  three 
seasons,  and  like  it  very  much.  I  have  a  light 
board  screen,  about  2  feet  high,  along  on  the  south 
side  of  the  row,  to  shade  the  ground,  while  the  tops 
gi'OW  in  the  open  sunshine  without  any  shade,  and 
they  flourish  in  a  mean  temperature  of  88°.'  My 
flowers  agree  exactly  with  the  description  given  by 
my  Dutch  correspondent.  It  is  true  that,  individually, 
they  vary  like  other  Lilies,  but  collectively  his 
description  is  correct.  In  a  postcript  he  adds  : — 
'  These  Lilies  begin  in  the  lowest  places  to  flower  in 
June,  and  two  miles  further  up  the  mountains  I  have 
found  them  as  late  as  August  1.'  This  shows  the 
effect  of  altitude  '  I  do  not  know  if  anything  which 
I  have  written  touches  any  point  upon  whicli  you 


September  3,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


2S5 


may  be  in  doubt,  and  can  only  hope  tliat  it  may  not 
be  altogether  without  interest  to  you.  By  reading  I 
know  that  you,  like  myself,  are  particularly  in- 
terested in  the  Lily  genus."  George  F.  Wilson. 

THE  DROUGHT  IN  THE  ISLE  OF  WIGHT.— I 
congratulate  Jlr.  WoUey  Dod  heartily  on  such  a 
prosperous  state  of  things  with  him  in  Cheshire  ;  but 


Hall  to  be  so  extremely  good  is  the  well-nigh 
unparallelled  skill,  assiduity,  and  knowledge  of  the 
owner,  who  watches  over  them  so  well.  Mr.  WoUey 
Dod  has,  beyond  a  doubt,  great  difficulties  to  contend 
against  in  some  respects,  and  his  conditions  are  fre- 
quently adverse  ;  but  still,  let  him  reflect  that  the 
good  time  has  evidently  come  to  him  at  last.  There 
is  no  long  lane  without  a  turning  in  it,  and  this  year 


Fig.  68.— cajipakula  tidalli  :  flowers  white,    (see  p.  284.) 


I  am  not  in  the  least  surprised  at  what  he  savs. 
His  garden  and  mine  are  at  the  very  antipodes  of 
each  other,  and  if  one  of  them  is  in  a  bad  way  the 
other  is  likely  to  be  correspondingly  happy.  I  have 
often  heard  Mr.  Dod  bewail  the  hardness  of  his  fate  ; 
he  lives  for  the  most  part  under  weeping  skies — 
nothing  colours  with  him  as  it  ought  to  do  ;  bulbs 
rot,  alpines  go  off',  Uses  and  such-like  very  glorious 
things  soon  get  into  a  sulky  way  in  his  hands  ;  there 
is  a  lack  of  ozone  in  the  atmosphere,  and  that 
settles  the  whole  matter.  I  believe  all  this  to  be 
perfectly  true,  and  what  makes  the  gardens  at  Edge 


of  drought  evidently  suits  him  to  perfection,  and  is 
.just  exactly  what  he  wants.  I  wish  I  could  just  now 
say  as  much  for  myself  and  my  garden  in  Ryde.  I  have 
not  seen  it  for  more  than  two  months,  but  the  letters 
which  I  receive  from  my  gardener  are  written  within 
and  without  with  lamentation  and  mourning  and 
woe.  He  says  that  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  the  leaves 
are  either  rapidly  turning  yellow,  or  they  are  off'  the 
trees  altogether.  The  expression  he  uses  is  that  the 
garden  looks  as  though  it  were  in  the  middle  of 
October.  He  has  never  seen  such  a  state  of  things 
before  —  plants  are   only   kept    alive    by   incessant 


watering ;  the  grass  is  all  of  a  piece  with  the  dusty 
road,  even  such  things  as  Delphiniums,  Rudbeckias, 
and  the  like  cannot  hold  up  their  heads  any  more. 
Nearly  all  beauty  and  happiness  have,  for  the  time 
being,  fled  away  from  the  place.  Mr.  Wolley  Dod's 
good  time  is  not  my  good  time  I  am  quite  sure,  and, 
after  all,  there  may  be  more  of  compensation  in  our 
lots  over  a  term  of  years  than  perhaps  we  had  dreamt 
of.  I  can  only  console  myself  with  the  reflection  that 
liosts  of  bulbs  are  laying  up  stores  of  brightness  for 
the  coming  year,  and  I  admit  there  iire  some  favour- 
able exceptions  amid  the  general  ruin.  I  need  not 
trouble  you  with  any  enumeration  of  them,  but  I  am 
told  th.at  I'oinciana  Gilliesii  is  blossoming  in  the 
open  against  the  gi-eenhouse  wall,  which  it  has  never 
done  before.  I  have  watched  for  this  for  some  time, 
and  it  has  been  in  vain  till  now.  If  the  plate  in 
Sweet's  British  Garden  may  be  relied  on  at  all,  it  must 
be  one  of  the  most  glorious  of  shrubs,  and  acting  on 
Canon  Ellacombe's  advice  I  grew  it  from  seed  some 
eight  or  ten  years  ago.  It  has  lived  and  grown  to  a 
mrge  size,  but  it  has  never  had  a  single  bloom  till  now. 
Here  also  there  is  someting  like  an  equilibrium  estab- 
lished. My  poor  garden  is  certainly  at  its  worst 
when  about  the  best  thing  in  it  makes  up  for  its 
torpor.  I  expect  that  I'oinciana  Gilliesii  would, 
under  no  circumstances  whatever,  put  up  with  Edge 
Hall,  and  there  is  some  consolation  for  my  gardener 
ill  his  present  state  of  depression  to  have  one  triumph 
remaining,  and  to  feel  that  all  is  not  vet  quite  lost, 
although  the  Isle  of  Wight,  for  the  time  being,  seems 
to  be  under  a  ban.  In  my  next  letter  I  shall  have 
something  to  say  about  my  recent  experiences  in 
^^witzerIand.  H.  E.,  Champfry. 

LIME  APPLIED  TO  LAND.— The  application  of 
lime  as  a  purifier  of  soil  has  for  ages  been  familiar 
to  both  horticulturists  and  agi-iculturists,  but  there 
is  little  beneficial  eff'ect  seen,  on  account  of  the 
small  quantities  used.or  it  may  be  the  lime  is  left  lying 
exposed  till  its  energies  become  wasted.  We  have 
used  it  somewhat  extensively  during  the  past  season, 
and  the  eflfect  is  very  marked  indeed.  On  borders 
for  Peaches,  Vines,  &c.,  it  has  been  used  in  moderate 
quantity,  after  having  been  slaked.  We  mix  it  with 
soil  and  a  little  soot  when  used  for  fruits,  but  for 
land  which  has  been  sickened  with  continuous 
manuring  year  after  year  the  lime  is  carted  direct 
from  the  lime  works,  broken  up  into  pieces,  and 
apread  over  the  surface  and  dug  in.  The  lime  soon 
becomes  heated  .and  soft,  and  whatever  vermin  comes 
within  its  reach  is  soon  consumed.  On  one  portion 
of  ground  where  Potatos  grew  fairly  well,  but  has 
looked  sickly  from  the  beginning,  and  which  when 
lifted  were  not  fit  for  use,  as  snails  had  riddled  them 
completely,  a  quantity  of  lime  was  applied  last  winter, 
as  indicated  above ;  the  ground  was  ridged  up  to 
the  action  of  frost ;  Potatos  were  again  planted  during 
April  between  the  ridges,  and  the  latter  forked  over 
the  sets.  The  result  is  that  the  tops  are  of  the 
richest  green  colour,  the  crop  abundant,  and  no 
snails  to  be  seen.  A  Scot. 


Societies, 

DE'VON   AND    EXETER   HORTICUL- 
TURAL. 

August  17. — The  summer  exhibition  of  this  So- 
ciety was  held  in  the  public  grounds  of  Northern- 
hay,  Exeter.  The  weather  unfortunately  was  very 
wet  during  the  afternoon,  heavy  showers  falling  at 
intervals,  and  in  the  evening,  when  the  grounds  and 
tents  were  illuminated,  it  was  even  more  so. 
Between  the  showers  visitors  attended  in  large 
numbers  to  witness  a  gi-and  display  of  plants,  fruit, 
cut  flowers,  and  vegetables,  which,  despite  the  driest 
of  seasons  on  record,  were  excellent.  The  drought, 
combined  with  the  fact  that  several  large  private 
garden  establishments  in  the  county  have  been  closed, 
diminished  the  competition  to  a  certain  extent. 

Cat  Floieers  (open  competition). — In  the  class  for 
twenty-four  Roses,  distinct,  IMessrs.  Curtis,  Sand- 
ford  &  Co.  were  1st,  staging  a  splendid  lot  of  flowers, 
superior  to  what  are  generally  seen  at  this  season. 
The  best  were  Centifolia  rosea,  Duke  of  Edinburgh, 
Marie  Verdier,  Etienne  Levet,  Eugene  Verdier, 
Niphetos,  Marquise  de  CastelUane,  Horace  Vernet, 
Le  Havre,  Merveille  de  Lyon,  Abel  Carriere,  and 
Marechal  Niel.  The  best  forty-eight  Dahlias, 
double,  distinct,  came  from  Mr.  Nation — a  mag- 
nificent even  lot  of  blooms.  His  best  were  G.  Dick- 
son, Canary,  A.  F.  Barron,  Peri,  Imperial,  Duchess 


286 


THE    GABDENER8'     CEBONICLE. 


[SEPTEMnra  3,  1887. 


of  Albany,  George  Barnes,  Pelican,  H.  Austin,  lion. 
S.  Herbert,  James  Cocker,  Pi'acock,  W.  Lucas,  H. 
"Weir,  and  Tippy  Bob  ;  2nd,  Mr.  W.  Osmond,  wlio 
had  some  very  large  and  splendid  blooms,  but  not  so 
even  as  those  of  the  1st  prize  lot.  Mr.  W.  Rowland, 
gr.  to  W.  Brock,  Esq.,  Parker's  AVell  House,  E.xeter, 
was  1st  for  eighteen  bunches  of  cut  flowers,  putting 
up  a  very  superb  lot  of  bloom. 

General  Prices. — Nine  stove  and  greenhouse  plants 
in  flower,  distinct,  were  best  from  Mr.  G.  Locke,  gr. 
to  AV.  B.  Cleave,  Esq.,  Newcombes,  Crediton,  who 
had  a  grand  lot  of  plants,  including  Ixoras  Williamsi, 
Fraseri,  and  Prince  of  Orange,  all  well  bloomed  and 
magniticent  plants ;  Ericas  obbata,  Eweriaua,  and 
aimula  ;  Clerodendron  Balfouri,  Eucharis  amazonica. 
2nd,  Mr.  Teed,  gi-.  to  Mrs.  Ensor,  The  Bungalow, 
Exeter,  who  also  staged  excellent  plants.  Eor  six 
stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  in  flower,  1st  fell  to 
Mr.  Rowland,  who  had  fine  plants  of  Lapageria  rosea, 
Allamanda  Henderson!,  Erica  a;mula,  Clerodendron 
Balfouri.  Mi".  Locke  was  deservedly  1st  for 
nine  stove  and  gi-eenhouse  foliage  plants,  distinct, 
with  a  grand  lot  of  plants,  including  large,  well 
coloured  specimens  of  Crotons  Disraeli,  C.  Warreni, 
C.  Williamsi,  also  Kentia  Balmoreana  and  K.  Fos- 
teriana ;  2nd,  Mr.  Rowland,  who  staged  excellent 
plants  of  Croton  Andreanus  and  C.  Disraeli,  Alo- 
casia  rubra,  A.  Warocquiana,  Thrinax  elegans,  Cycas 
revoluta.  For  nine  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns, 
distinct,  Mr.  Locke  again  took  1st  honours,  showing 
splendid  examples  of  Gleichenia  speluuncre  (7  feet 
through),  G.  Mendelli,  Davallia  Tyermanni,  D. 
polyantha,  D.  fijiensis,  Microlepia  hirta  cristata,  &c. ; 
Mr.  Rowland  again  followed,  having  especially  good 
Dicksonia  antartica  and  Alsophila  australis  ;  Mr. 
Teed  led  with  six  stove  and  greenhouse  Ferns, 
showing  Onychium  japonicuni  (not  often  seen  as  a 
specimen  plant),  4  feet  through  ;  Gleichenia  Men- 
delii,  Nephrolepis  davallioides  furcans,  in  good  style. 
In  the  class  for  a  miscellaneous  collection  or  group 
of  plants,  arranged  for  eft"ect  on  100  square  feet  of 
staging,  the  1st  prize  was  a  Silver  Cup  value  £5. 
Mr.  Rowland  was  awarded  1st  honours,  and 
deservedly  so.  His  collection  comprised  Ixoras, 
small  Crotons,  well  coloured ;  Cocos,  Gloxinias, 
Eucharis,  Dipladenias,  Ericas,  Lilium  auratum  ;  large 
and  small  plants  of  Enlalia  japonica  variegata,  and  a 
plentiful  supply  of  Maidenhair  Ferns  in  variety. 
The  whole  were  backed  up  with  Cocos  Weddelliana 
and  Euterpe  graminifolia,  and  a  large  Eulalia:  the 
effect  was  very  fine.  Mr.  Locke,  who  last  year  occu- 
pied the  1st  position,  was  awarded  2nd,  his  col- 
lection running  the  1st  uncomfortably  close.  For 
the  similar  group  on  50  square  feet  the  1st  prize  was 
awarded  to  Mr.  Teed,  who  had  a  very  skilfully 
arranged  group.  Mr.  Teed  also  led  for  British 
Ferns.  Six  Fuchsias  and  six  hardy  exotic  Ferns 
were  best  from  Mr.  Molton — an  excellent  lot  of 
plants.  The  six  double  tuberous-rooted  Begonias  of 
Mr.  Rowland,  a  very  fine  lot  of  plants,  secured  him 
another  1st ;  while  the  best  six  singles  came  from 
Mr.  ]Molton ;  2nd,  Jlr.  Rowland.  The  prizes  for 
single  and  double  zonal  Pelargoniums  were  in  each 
case  awarded  to  Mr.  R.  SladJen,  while  the  2nd  went 
to  Mr.  Jlolton. 

Cut  Flowers  (Ainaicitrs). — The  1st  lot  of  twenty- 
four  double  Dahlias,  distinct,  came  from  Mr.  J. 
Nation,  who  had  fine  specimens  of  General  Roberts, 
H.  Keith,  George  Dickson,  F.  Smith,  Yellow  Boy, 
Rev.  J.  B.  Camm,  and  Mrs.  S.  Hibberd  ;  2nd,  Mr.  S. 
Crump,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Hart.  In  the  class  for  twelve 
Cactus  Dahlias,  Mr.  Dawe,  gi*.  to  the  Rev.  J.  L. 
Yarde,  Chudleigh,  led,  having  a  very  fine  lot,  in- 
cluding many  new  varieties  ;  these  were — Juarezi, 
Pink  Perfection,  Mrs.  Pearson,  Mrs.  W.  Tait,  General 
Gordon,  Cochineal,  White  Constance,  and  Empress 
of  India ;  2nd,  Mr.  Crump,  who  also  had  a  very 
similar  lot,  in  good  condition.  The  same  order  was 
observed  with  six  pompons.  Mr.  Evans,  gi-.  to  Ca])- 
tain  Christy,  was  1st  with  twelve  Roses,  distinct, 
showing  nice  blooms  of  Bouquet  d'Or,  C.  Mermet, 
Anna  Olivier,  Marechal  Neil,  Souvenir  d'un  Ami,  &c. 
Prizes  were  awarded  for  Asters,  single  and  double 
Pelargoniums,  Zinnias,  annuals  and  herbaceous 
flowers,  &c.,  which  brought  forth  good  competition 
and  fine  exhibits. 

Fruit. — Mr.  Geo.  Locke  carried  off  another  prize, 
viz.,  for  a  collection  of  fruit,  to  consist  of  ten  dishes, 
and  had  good  Black  Hamburgh  and  Muscat  Grapes, 
Smooth  Cayenne  Pine,  Moor  Park  Apricot,  Fit- 
maston  Orange  Nectarine,  Castle  Kennedy  Figs,  good 
Royal  George  Peaches;  2nd.  Mr.  Teed.  The  best 
collection  of  si.x  kinds  was  from  Mr.  Pike,  gr.  to  the 
Rev.  H.  Clerk,  Exmouth.  This  exhibitor  also  had 
the  finest  three  bunches  of  Black  Hambugh  Grapes, 
and    three   bunches   of  Madreifii-ld  Court,  splendid 


samples;  while  Mr.  R.  McMillan,  gr.  to  Sir  G. 
Stuckley,  Bedford,  took  Istforthree  bunches  of  Muscat 
Alexandria,  showing  very  fine  bunches,  in  good  con- 
dition. The  best  three  bunches  of  Foster's  Seedling 
were  from  Mr.  Langworthy ;  while  Mr.  Rowland  had 
the  1st  prize  for  three  bunches  of  Buckland  Sweet- 
water. There  was  a  good  show  in  the  various  other 
classes,  which  we  cannot  enumerate.  Mr.  Barnes 
showed  a  fine  lot  of  Citrons,  gromi  at  Stood- 
leigh. 

IW/rlahlis. — For  a  collection  of  vegetables,  twelve 
distinct  kinds,  when  the  prizes  were  given  by  Messrs. 
R.  J.  Veitch  &  Son,  Exeter,  there  was  a  strong  com- 
petition, and  in  every  instance  remarkably  good 
produce  was  staged.  The  1st  prize  was  awarded  to 
jlr.  Maris,  whose  collection  comprised  'Veitch's 
Intermediate  Carrot,  Snowball  Turnip,  Giant  Rocca 
Onion,  Moore's  Vegetable  Cream  Marrow,  Tomato 
Perfection,  Girtford  Giant  Scarlet  Runner,  Autumn 
Giant  Cauliflower,  Purley  Park  Cucumber,  Duchess 
of  Albany  Pea,  all  first-class.  Cucumbers  were, 
perhaps  as  good  a  lot  as  it  is  possible  to  see,  and 
other  vegetables  were,  on  the  whole,  very  good,  but 
not  so  numerously  contested  as  usual. 

Dinner  -  Tabic  Decorations.  —  Special  ))rizes  of 
5  guineas,  3  guineas,  and  1  guinea,  were  ort'ered  for 
a  table  4  feet  6  inches  by  10  feet,  completely 
arranged  with  decorations  of  flowers,  fruit,  &c.,  and 
laid  for  ten  persons.  It  was  intended  to  make  this 
a  special  feature  of  the  show  ;  it  brought  forth  four 
competitors,  but  though  the  prizes  were  awarded,  in 
neither  instance  were  they  worthy  of  the  sums 
otl'ered.  The  only  one  which,  in  our  opinion,  showed 
great  taste  throughout  the  whole  arrangement,  was 
ignored  by  the  .judges;  Miss  Osmond  was  the 
exhibitor.  1st  prize  fell  to  Mrs.  Chard,  London  ; 
and  2nd,  to  Mr.  J.  Locke,  Crediton. 

MisccllancoiK. — Messrs.  'V'eitch  &  Son,  as  usual, 
added  much  to  the  attractions  of  the  e.xhibition  by 
their  various  exhibits,  especially  two  arches  of  cork, 
connecting  the  centre  and  side  stages  in  one  of  the 
tents.  These  were  most  tastefully  filled  in  with  Lyco- 
pods.  Ferns,  and  creepers.  Their  collection  of  plants 
included  a  group  of  Pancratium  fragrans,  single  and 
double  Begonias  in  great  variety,  pompone  and 
double  Dahlias,  Orchids,  &c.  Messrs.  Lucombe, 
Pince  &  Co.,  as  on  former  occasion,  contributed 
largely  to  the  exhibition,  putting  up  a  fine  lot  of 
well  flowered  specimen  greenhouse  and  stove  flower- 
ing and  foliage  plants,  capital  bo.xes  of  blooms  of 
Phloxes,  Roses,  Carnations,  &c.  Mr.  Randall, 
nurseryman,  of  E.xeter,  sent  a  very  nice  collection  of 
plants,  including  many  fine  Lilium  auratums,  single 
and  double  Begonias,  Bouvardias,  Palms.  Ferns,  &c.; 
and  Messrs.  Curtis,  Sandford  &  Co.,  staged  several 
grand  boxes  of  Roses. 


WORCESTER    HORTICXTLTTJRAL. 

August  18. — The  eighth  annual  summer  show  of 
the  Worcester  City  and  County  Horticultural  So- 
ciety was  held  in  the  grounds  at  Rose  Hill,  London 
Road,  the  residence  of  the  Mayor  (Alderman  W. 
Holland),  who  is  the  President  for  the  year.  The 
prolonged  drought  had  naturally  had  a  prejudicial 
effect  upon  the  show,  which  was  smaller  than  on  any 
previous  occasion.  Taking  into  consideration,  how- 
ever, the  extraordinary  character  of  the  season, 
show  may  be  considered  very  creditable  and  satisfac- 
tory. In  the  section  for  professionals  the  chief  feature 
was  the  groups  of  miscellaneous  plants,  which'were  of 
more  than  average  excellence.  The  competition  in 
flowering  and  foliage  plants  was  small,  but  t'le  class 
for  six  varieties  of  ornamental  foliage  plants  brought 
forth  some  fine  specimens,  those  sent  by  Mr.  Walter 
Holland — which  included  an  enormous  specimen  of 
Pandanus^  'Veitchii — being  deservedly  awarded  pre- 
mier honours.  Fuchsias,  Caladiums,  and  Ferns  were 
hardly  in  such  strong  force  as  usual,  but  six  exotic 
Ferns,  exhibited  by  Jlr.  T.  Rowley  Hill,  were  note- 
worthy, as  being  probably  the  best  ever  seen  at  one 
of  these  shows.  The  Begonias  again  formed  a  very 
pretty  feature.  The  competition  for  cut  flowers  in 
the  Rose  class,  as  was  to  be  expected,  was  not  very 
keen,  the  season  not  having  been  favourable.  The 
blooms  exhibited  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Grant  were  finer  than 
might  have  been  anticipated,  and  won  1st  prize  in 
each  class.  The  double  Dahlias  sent  by  Messrs. 
Heath  &  Sons,  of  Cheltenham,  were  exceptionally 
good,  comparing  favourably  with  that  firm's  exhibit 
of  last  year.  Few  single  Dahlias  were  shown,  but 
tlie  collection  of  twenty-four  blooms  by  Mr.  .1.  Hill 
White  was  remarkably  fine.  There  was  a  falling  off 
in  the  competition  for  vases  of  flowers  for  table  use, 
which,    as    on    previous   occasions,   attracted    much 


attention.  There  were  some  beautiful  bouquets,  and 
the  stands  of  Gladioli  were  very  good. 

In  the  fruit  section  the  principal  prize  for  a  collec- 
tion only  produced  two  competitors,  the  Earl  of 
Coventry  and  the  Rev.  G.  G.  Coventry,  of  Woolstone 
Rectory,  near  Cheltenham,  but  their  exhibits  were 
very  fine.  Grapes  were  a  good  class,  and  were  shown 
in  rather  more  abundance  than  in  previous  years.  The 
Peaches,  Nectarines  and  Apricots  were  quite  as  good 
as  could  be  expected  this  season ;  the  class  for  Melons 
was  well  filled,  and  the  culinary  Apples  were  fine. 

The  vegetables,  which  occupied  a  table  in  a 
separate  tent,  made  a  very  good  show.  The  Pre- 
sident's prize  for  the  best  collection  brought  forth 
three  competitors,  as  against  six  at  the  last  show. 
The  Potatos  were  clean  and  of  good  quality, 
and  the  Carrots  made  a  feature  in  the  display.  There 
was  also  a  strong  competition  in  the  Beet  and, 
autumn-sown  Onion  classes  ;  and  the  Runner  Beans 
Tomatos,  and  Cucumbers  were  a  fine  show.  In  the 
latter  class  Mr.  J.  Hill  White's  new  Cucumber,  Ne 
Plus  Ultra,  took  the  principal  prizes.  Mr.  White 
gave  special  prizes  for  his  Cucumbers  ;  and  Messrs. 
Ward  &  Sons,  hot-water  engineers,  of  Broad  Street, 
offered  special  prizes  for  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  and  also  for  two  varieties  of  Grapes.  In 
the  first-named  class  there  was  only  one  entry,  but 
the  chief  prize  was  deservedly  awarded  to  Mr.  T.  K. 
Hill.  In  the  class  for  Grapes  there  were  four  com- 
petitors, and  those  sent  by  the  Earl  of  Coventry  were 
noticeable  as  being  veiy  fine  and  well  coloured. 

Amateurs. — In  this  department  there  were  only  two 
entries  in  the  class  for  groups  of  plants.  The  Roses 
shown  were  creditable,  and  there  were  some  pretty 
vases  of  flowers.  The  unfavourable  nature  of  the 
season  sufficiently  accounted  for  the  falling  off  in  the 
fruit  and  vegetable  classes,  though  the  competition 
in  the  latter  was  in  some  cases  very  keen.  In  the 
cottagers'  department  the  exhibits  were  of  the  usual 
good  quality,  the  vegetables  surpassing  those  shown 
by  the  amateurs  both  in  size,  quality,  and  number. 
As  the  lack  of  rain  probably  aft'ected  their  gardens 
more  than  those  of  the  amateurs  and  professional 
exhibitors,  the  display  made  by  the  cottagers  must  be 
pronounced  highly  creditable.  The  window  plants 
were  very  good,  and  the  bouquets  of  garden  and  wild 
flowers  were  tastefully  arranged.  There  were,  as 
usual,  a  number  of  exhibits  not  for  competition. 
Messrs.  R.  Smith  &  Co.  lent  a  very  attractive  group 
of  plants,  which  were  placed  in  tlie  principal  tent, 
conspicuous  amongst  them  being  a  splendid  speci- 
men of  Lilium  auratum.  Messrs.  Rowe  &  Co.  exhi- 
bited miscellaneous  plants  and  shrubs  ;  Messrs. 
Cranston  &  Co.,  Hereford,  a  collection  of  cut 
Roses ;  and  Mr.  Hill  White  boxes  of  herbaceous 
flowers,  Antirrhinums  and  double  Zinnias.  Messrs. 
Ward  &  Sons  showed  in  the  grounds  a  collection  of 
hot-water  apparatus  and  garden  seats. 


EASTBOURNE   HORTICULTURAL. 

August  23. — The  show  was  held  in  the  picturesque 
and  extensive  grounds  of  Compton  Place,  and  main- 
tained the  high  reputation  enjoyed  for  years  past;  in 
fact,  this  show  was  superior  in  many  instances  to  its 
predecessors. 

Plants  were  shown  extensively  and  in  fine  condi- 
tion, Mr,  Portnell,  gr.  to  Sir  A.  J.  Lamb,  Bart.,  Beau- 
port,  winning  with  stove  and  greenhouse  plants  in 
flower,  both  for  eiglit  and  for  six,  showing  a  strong 
lot  that  would  have  been  hard  to  beat,  his  best  being 
Erica  Austiniana,  finely  coloured ;  Ixora  Williamsii, 
and  Kalosanthes  coccinea,  with  a  good  Dipladenia 
amabilis  in  the  larger  collection  ;  and  in  the  smaller, 
capital  plants  of  Erica  Fairrieana  and  E.  cerin- 
thoides  coronata.  Messrs.  Knight  &  Co.,  Hastings, 
took  2nd  place  for  eight,  with  a  very  fresh  lot  of 
plants.  Erica  Eweriana  and  Rondeletia  speciosa 
major  being  conspicuous.  Mr.  Offer,  gr.  to  J.  War- 
ren, Esq.,  Handcross  Park,  showed  well  for  the  2nd 
award  in  six  flowering  plants,  Dipladenia  amabilis, 
with  extra  fine  blooms,  being  noteworthy.  For 
Ericas,  Messrs.  Knight  &  Co.  beat  their  op- 
ponent, Mr.  Portnell,  in  this  instance  ;  both, 
however,  staging  excellent  examples  of  culture. 
For  Fuchsias,  as  well  as  zonal  Pelargoniums,  Mr. 
Portnell  was  to  the  front  with  floriferous  examples. 
Achimenes,  now  so  seldom  seen  in  good  order,  were 
here  shown  in  the  best  of  health  and  flower,  from 
Mr.  West,  gr.  to  Major-General  llolroyd.  Eastbourne. 
Large  specimens,  in  good  flower,  of  Tuberous  Be- 
gonias, were  shown  by  Mr.  Cosstick,  gr.  to  R.  Insoll, 
Esq.  For  groups  arranged  for  effect,  Mr.  James, 
Norwood,  was  a  good  1st,  his  combination  of  light 
Palms  and  Orchids,  with  a  groundwork  of  FeiTis  and 


SttTratBER  3,  1887.1 


THE    GAR  DENE  BS'     CHRONICLE. 


287 


small  foliage  plants,  was  very  effective.  In  this  class 
Mr.  Jupp,  gr.  to  G.  Boulton,  Esq.,  also  had  a  capital 
group  of  light  plants,  Tigridia  pavonia  heing  very 
pleasingly  arranged  therewith.  Witli  foliage  plants 
Mr.  Offer  took  the  1st  awards  in  both  classes  with 
well-grown  plants  from  the  Handcross  Park  collec- 
tion. With  six  I'erns  Mr.  Hemsley,  gr.  to  Mr.  A. 
Dore,  took  1st  place,  staging  fine  plants  of  Adi- 
antuin  Farleycnse  and  A.  Paccotti.  A  group  of 
the  best  Croton.?,  shown  by  Mr.  Jiipp,  in  medium- 
sized  plants,  arranged  on  a  bed  of  Maidenhair,  had  a 
most  pleasing  effect. 

Cut  Flowers. — For  thirty-six  cut  Roses  Messrs. 
WooUard,  of  Cocksbridge  Nnrsery,  Lewes,  were  1st, 
showing  very  fresh  blooms,  being  closely  followed  by 
Mr.  Slaughter,  of  Steyning;  the  latter  exhibitor  was 
victorious  both  for  twenty-four  and  twelve  varieties. 
Stove  and  gi-eenhouse  cut  flowers  were  well  shown  by 
Mr.  Portnell.  Annuals  (twelve  distinct)  were  an 
attractive  feature.  Jlr.  Clark,  gi-.  to  C.  Banks,  Esq., 
Langney,  was  1st,  with  a  superior  collection  of  the 
best  kinds  in  season.  With  the  same  number  of 
herbaceous  plants  Mr.  Blake,  gr.  to  F.  Roper,  Esq., 
Polegate,  was  1st.  From  Mr.  Dixon,  gr.  to  Sir  S.  M. 
Wilson,  Fletching,  came  an  excellent  and  varied 
collection  of  British  wild  flowers,  which  formed  a 
very  attractive  feature.  Pompon  Dahlias,  with  the 
best  of  the  single  varieties,  were  finely  shown  from 
Messrs.  Cheal  &  Son's  nurseries  at  Crawley ;  the 
same  firm  staging  a  good  collection  of  annuals,  Mr. 
W.  Knight,  of  Hailsham,  showed  some  very  fresh 
blooms  of  cut  Roses  ;  and  Jlr.  Gorringe,  of  East- 
bourne, good  examples  of  bouquets,  &c.,  not  in 
competition. 

Fruit. — Grapes  were  here  shown  in  large  numbers, 
in  each  case  the  competition  being  keen.  With 
three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Mr.  Allen,  gr.  to 
Lord  Brassey,  Normanhurst,  won  the  premier  award, 
with  well-finished  bundles,  weighing  nearly  5  lb. 
each  ;  Mr.  Foxley.  Eastbourne,  coming  in  an  ex- 
cellent 2nd,  and  beating  in  the  single  bunch  class. 
For  three  bunches  of  white  Grapes  Mr.  Allen  again 
won,  with  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Peaches  were  a 
good  class,  and  also  Nectarines.  Apples  were  in 
good  condition.  With  some  fine  fruit  of  Morello 
Cherries  Mr.  Hopkins  was  1st,  occupying  the  same 
place  in  a  strong  class  for  Cucumbers.  Sutton's 
Perfection  Tomato,  from  Mr.  Kollison,  gr.  to  A.  15. 
Hood,  Esq.,  proved  the  best  in  a  strong  class,  the 
fruits  being  of  extra  size  and  colour.  Mr.  Jupp  was 
to  the  front  for  a  collection  of  nine  dishes,  con- 
spicuous among  which  were  finely  coloured  Madrcs- 
field  Court  Grapes,  good  Nectarines,  and  Peaches. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  prizes  for  vegetables  were 
well  contested,  the  best  coming  from  Mr.  N-.  Goring, 
of  Three  Bridges.  H. 


HARPENDEN   HORTICULTURAL. 

August  24. — This  is  a  very  pleasant  and  popular 
exhibition,  and  is  held  in  the  grounds  of  Rothamsted 
Park,  the  residence  of  Sir  J.  B.  Lawes. 

Plants. — The  most  attractive  part  of  the  show  was 
formed  by  those  classes  in  which  the  competition 
was  open  to  all  members.  The  best  six  stove  and 
greenhouse  plants  came  from  Mr.  G.  Underwood,  gr, 
to  C.  R.  Fenwick,  Esq.,  High  Firs,  Harpenden,  who 
had  a  fine  specimen  of  the  old  Pentas  camea  in  his 
collection  ;  2nd,  Mr.  T.  Nutting,  gi-.  to  J.  B.  Maple, 
Esq.,  Childwickbury.  Mr.  Sibley,  gr.  to  H,  T. 
Hodgson,  Esq.,  Harpenden,  was  1st,  with  six  capital 
tuberous-rooted  Begonias.  Double  zonal  Pelargo- 
niums were  also  a  good  feature.  The  best  group  of 
plants  arranged  for  effect  came  from  Mr.  S.  Brown, 
Mount  Moat,  Mill  Hill.  Mr.  Underwood  had  the 
best  group  of  flowering  plants.  Mr.  Nutting  had  the 
best  six  foliaged  plants,  staging  good  specimens  of 
Crotons  Baronne  James  Rothschild,  Evansianus, 
Queen  Victoria,  Seaforthia  elegans,  Areca  lutescens, 
and  A.  Verschafeltii.  2nd,  Mr.  S.  Brown,  with  a  very 
good  lot  also.  Mr.  Underwood  had  the  best  six 
exotic  Ferns,  his  plants  being  Dicksonia  antarctica, 
Microlepia  hirta  cristata,  Thamnopteris  nidus, 
Lygodium  scandens,  Gymnogramma  chr}'Sophylla, 
and  Adiantnm  formosum.  Messrs.  S.  Brown  and  T. 
Nutting  were  placed  equal  2nd.  Table  plants  were 
also  shown.  Plants  were  also  exhibited  in  several 
classes  by  amateurs. 

Cut  Ftoivers  were  shown  in  good  form,  Messrs. 
Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt,  had  the  best 
forty-eight  varieties,  the  Rev.  W.  II.  Jackson,  Stag- 
den,  Bedford,  being  2nd  ;  and  the  same  exliibitor 
was  1st  and  2nd  in  the  class  for  twelve  Tea  Roses, 
some  good  blooms  for  the  season  being  exhibited. 
Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  also  had  the  best  forty-eight 


Dahlias  ;  Mr.  Littlechild,  gi-.  to  the  Messrs.  East, 
St.  Albans,  having  tlie  best  twenty-four;  Mr.  P. 
Hopkins,  Jessamine  Cottage,  St.  Albans,  being  2nd. 
The  best  twelve  bunches  of  hardy  flowers  came  from 
Mr.  J.  Henshaw,  Rothamsted  Cottage,  who  had  a 
very  fine  lot  admirably  set  up  and  named.  Mr.  S. 
Brown  had  the  best  twelve  bunches  of  stove  and 
greenhouse  cut  flowers. 

In  the  amateurs'  division  the  Rev.  W.  H.  .Tackson 
had  the  best  twelve  Roses,  the  Rev.  F.  H.  Gall, 
Hitchin,  being  2nd.  Mr.  J.  Henshaw  had  the  best 
twelve  bunches  of  pomjion  Dahlias,  setting  up  a  very 
fine  lot  indeed,  jliss  II.  Duckworth,  Harpenden, 
was  1st  with  twelve  bunches  of  zonal  Pel.irgoniunis. 
In  all  other  classes  for  cut  flowers  there  was  a  good 
competition  generally. 

Fruit. — There  was  a  good  display  for  a  local  show. 
Mr.  S.  Brown  had  tiie  best  eight  dishes,  staging 
Madresfield  Court  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes, 
Royal  George  Peaches,  Lord  Xapier  Nectarines,  Jar- 
gonelle Pears,  Figs,  Orleans  Plums,  and  Melon  ;  2nd, 
Mr.  T.  Nutting.  Mr.  Bro^vn  also  had  the  best  two 
bunches  of  black  Grapes,  staging  fine  Madresfield 
Court— Jlr.  Nutting  being  Ist  with  white  Grapes, 
having  good  Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Peaches,  Nec- 
tarines, Apples,  Pears,  Plums,  and  Melons  were  all 
well  shown.  In  the  amateurs'  and  cottagers'  divi- 
sions there  was  a  good  display  of  hardy  fruits. 

Vcffctali/eswere  in  good  form  throughout  the  show. 
Mr.  Faint  had  the  best  twelve  distinct  varieties,  Mr. 
Sibley  being  2nd. 

MisccUaiicoiis.— 'Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  and 
Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Sons,  Waltham  Cross,  both  set 
up  large  representative  stands  of  hardy  flowers  in 
bloom  at  this  season  of  the  year.  Mr.  Oliver,  gr.  to 
Sir  J.  B.  Lawes,  had  a  fine  group  of  plants  not  for 
competition  ;  and  Messrs.  E.  P.  F'rancis  &  Co.,  nur- 
serymen, Hertford,  had  a  good  group  of  plants  also. 


READING    HORTICULTURAL. 

August  2.3. — This  proved  an  excellent  exhibition, 
and  took  place,  as  usual,  within  the  Abbey  ruins,  the 
Forbury  Gardens,  now  in  admirable  condition,  being 
used  as  a  promenade. 

Plants.— That  there  should  be  a  falling  off"  in  these 
at  this  season  of  the  year  is  not  to  be  wondered  at. 
Mr.  H.  James,  Castle  Nursery,  Norwood,  was  1st, 
with  nine  specimens,  the  best  being  Erica  Eweriana, 

E.  Marnockiana,  a  fine  piece  of  Agapanthus  umbel- 
latus  albus,  and  AUamanda  Hendersoni ;   2nd,  Mr. 

F.  Mould,  nurseryman,  Pewse}'.  The  best  specimen 
stove  or  greenhouse  plant  was  a  fine  piece  of  Lan- 
tana  Le  Grand,  from  Mr.  Parham,  gr.  to  H.  J. 
Simonds,  Esq.,  Caversham :  Mr.  Howe,  gi*.  to  Sir  R. 
Sutton,  Bart.,  Barham  Park,  Newbuiy,  being  2nd, 
with  AUamanda  Hendersoni.  Mr.  Hatch,  gr.  to  S. 
B.  Stevens,  Esq.,  Reading,  was  the  only  exhibitor  of 
Achimines,  showing  creditable  specimens.  Fuchsias 
were  better  than  we  have  seen  them  at  Reading,  the 
best  six  as  well  as  the  best  four  in  the  amateurs' 
division  coming  from  Mr.  Bright,  gi-.  to  P.  Karslake, 
Esq.,  White  Knights,  Reading,  a  pupil  of  Mr.  J.  Lye. 

In  the  amateurs'  division,  Mr.  Parham  was  the  only 
exhibitor  of  four  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  staging 
some  good  specimens.  Some  very  good  foliaged 
plants  were  shown.  Jlr.  H.  James  was  1st,  with  very 
fine  specimens  of  Croton  Andreanus,  Macrozamia 
Denisoni,  Latania  borbonica,  Cycas  revoluta,  Dasy- 
lirion  acrotrichura,  and  Asparagus  plumosus ;  2nd, 
Mr.  Howe,  with  a  good  lot  also.  Stove  and 
greenhouse  Ferns  were  a  fine  feature,  Mr.  Parham 
had  the  best  six,  staging  fine  examples  of  Alsophila 
excelsa,  Cibotium  Schiedei,  Thamnopteris  nidus, 
Gymnogramma  chrysophylla,  and  Davallia  Mooreana 
and  D.  elegans  ;  2nd,  Mr.  Armitage,  gr.  to  N.  Clarke, 
Esq.,  Reading,  who  had  good  specimens  of  Alsophila 
australis,  Jlicrolepia  hirta  cristata,  Gymnogramma 
Martensi,  and  Adiantum  Williamsi.  Messrs.  Lockie 
&  AVaite  had  the  best  table  plants.  Some  good 
specimen  Lycopediums  came  from  Mr.  Dockerill. 
The  best  six  Coleus  came  from  Jlr.  G.  Jlidwinter, 
Greenham.  Mr.  Parham  had  the  best  three  Palms, 
staging  fine  examples  of  Latania  borbonica,  Sea- 
forthia elegans,  and  Phccnix  dactylifera.  Mr.  Jlould, 
nurserj'man,  Pewsey,  had  the  best  new  plant  in 
Croton  Mortii. 

In  the  amateurs'  division  Mr.  Dockerill  had  the 
best  four  handsome  foliaged  plants  :  Mr.  Booker  was 
2nd,  with  a  good  lot.  Lilies  in  pots  were  finely 
shown  by  Jlr.  Hatch,  who  had  some  excellent  spe- 
cimens of  L.  speciosum. 

Cut  Flowers. — Of  these  there  was  an  excellent  dis- 
play. Jlr.  John  Walker,  nurseryman,  Thame,  has 
the  best  eighteen  Dahlias,  showing  a  very  fine  lot ; 


Jlessrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Crawley,  being 
2nd.  Jlr.  Walker  was  also  1st  with  twelve  capital 
fancy  Dahlias  ;  and  Jlessrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons  1st  with 
twelve  bunches  of  single  Dahlias,  set  up  in  the  form 
of  very  fine  bunches  of  grand  flowers.  Jlessrs.  Perkins 
&  Son,  nurserymen,  Coventry,  had  the  best  eighteen  cut 
Roses  ;  and  the  best  twelve  in  the  amateurs'  division 
came  from  Mr.  Turton.  French  and  quilled  Asters 
were  well  shown  by  Jlessrs.  Hatch  &  Midwinter,  and 
spikes  of  Gladioli  by  the  Jlessrs.  Johnston,  nursery- 
men, Newbury.  Double  Zinnias  were  a  great 
feature;  Mr.  John  Walker  had  the  best.  Jlr.  G. 
Phippen,  nurseryman,  Reading,  had  the  best  eighteen 
bunciies  of  cut  flowers,  showing  a  very  fine  lot.  Mr. 
Such,  nurseryman,  JIaidenhead,  had  the  best  twelve 
bunches  of  hardy  flowers  in  the  open  class ;  and  Mr. 
Diirman,  gr.  to  J.  W.  Workman,  Esq.,  Reading,  in 
the  amateurs'  class.  Table  decorations,  bouquets, 
and  button-holes  were  all  good,  as  they  usually  are  at 
Reading. 

Friut  was  seen  in  very  fine  form,  as  is  usual  at  the 
Reading  show,  and  it  was  much  more  numerous  than 
usual  also.  In  the  class  for  eight  dishes  there  was  a 
sharp  competition,  and  Mr.  Ashby,  gr.  to  W.  Fanning, 
Esq.,  Whitchurch,  was  1st  with  good  Muscat  and  Black 
Hamburgh  Grapes,  Royal  George  Peaches,  Elruge 
Nectarines,  Victory  of  Bath  Jlelon,  Moor  Park 
Apricots,  white  Ischia  Figs,  and  Jargonelle  Pears  ; 
2nd,  Jlr.  Goodman,  gr.  to  C.  Hammersley,  Esq., 
Bourne  End,  Great  JIarlow ;  3rd,  Jlr.  Wills,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Ravenhill,  Winkfield.  'There  was  a  very  sharp 
competition  in  the  class  for  six  dishes  also,  Jlr. 
Jennings,  The  Gardens,  Forest  Lodge,  Farnborough, 
being  placed  1st,  with  fine  Alicante  and  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  Grapes.  Mr.  Cakebread,  gr.  to  Sir  P. 
Rose,  Bart.,  Raynons,  Penn,  Bucks,  had  the  best 
three  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  the  bunches 
medium  sized  and  well  coloured.  Jlr.  Cakebread 
was  1st  with  three  bunches  of  any  other  black, 
having  finely  finished  JIadresfield  Court.  Jlr.  Sin- 
clair, gi'.  to  the  JIarquis  of  Downshire,  East  Hamp- 
stead  Park,  Berks,  had  the  best  three  bunches  of 
White  JIuscat  Grapes,  small  but  fine  in  berry  and 
beautifully  finished.  In  the  class  for  any  other 
white  Jlr.  Kneller,  gi-.  to  W.  S.  Portal,  Esq., 
Malshanger,  Basingstoke,  was  1st  with  extra  fine 
Buckland  Sweetwater.  Jlr.  Waite,  gi'.  to  the  Hon. 
W.  P.  Talbot,  Eslier,  Surrey,  had  the  best  si-x 
Peaches,  showing  Princess  of  Wales ;  Jlr.  Pound, 
gr.  to  G.  May,  Esq.,  Caversham,  being  2nd,  with 
fine  unnamed  fruit.  Jlr.  Goodman  liad  the  best  six 
Nectarines,  staging  fine  Humboldt.  Apricots  were 
finely  shown  ;  Jlr.  Turton  had  the  best  ones.  Mr. 
Goodman  had  the  three  best  dishes  of  Plums,  show- 
ing Belle  de  Louvaine,  Yellow  Imperatrice,  and 
Kirkes,  all  well  ripened.  Jlr.  Hinton,  Reading,  had 
the  best  six  dishes  of  dessert  Apples,  having  excel- 
lent dishes  of  Peach  Pippin,  Kerry  Codlin,  Golden 
Pippin,  all  small ;  Irish  Peach,  Codlin  Pippin,  and 
Cox's  Orange  Pippin.  Jlr.  Turton  had  the  best  six 
dishes  of  culinary  Apples,  staging  Potts'  Seedling, 
Ecklinville,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  Lord  Suftield, 
Jlere  de  Jl^nage,  andD.  T.  Fish,  all  very  good.  Jlr. 
Goodman  had  the  best  four  dishes  of  dessert  Pears, 
staging  Clapp's  I'avourite,  AVilliams"  Bon  Chretien, 
Beurre  de  I'Assomption,  and  the  Old  Windsor,  this 
being  the  only  collection.  Mr.  Turton  had  the  best 
six  dishes  of  stewing  Pears,  his  finest  examples  being 
Beurr^  Clairgeau,  'Vicar  of  Winkfield,  Catillac,  and 
BeuiTe  Die!.  In  the  class  for  miscellaneous  fruits  no 
award  was  made. 

Vegetables.  —  These  were  very  good.  The  best 
brace  of  Cucumbers  came  from  Jlr.  T.  Lockie,  The 
Gardens,  Oakley  Court,  near  Windsor,  who  had  a 
perfect  brace  of  Verdant  Green.  Jlr.  Read  had  the 
best  three  heads  of  Celery,  Jlr.  Howe  coming  in  1st 
with  a  dish  of  Peas.  Jlr.  Kneller  had  the  best 
twelve  Onions,  having  splendid  Rousham  Park.  Mr. 
Jennings  had  the  best  dish  of  Tomatos,  showing 
Sutton's  Perfection  in  excellent  form.  Cauliflowers, 
Vegetable  JIarrows,  and  JIushrooms  were  all  good 
and  numerous.  Several  handsome  special  prizes  were 
offered  by  Jlessrs.  Sutton  &  Sons,  Reading,  for 
various  objects  ;  among  them  nine  dishes  of  Potatos 
sent  out  by  this  firm  ;  the  best  came  from  Jlr.  Allen, 
gr.  to  Sir  I\  Burdett,  Bart.,  Ramsburj-,  Hungerford, 
who  had  very  fine  dishes  ;  2nd,  Jlr.  Pope.  M.  J.  Lott, 
gi'.  to  Major  Allfrey,  'Wokefield  Park,  had  the  best 
five  dishes,  staging  good  examples.  Mr.  Pope  had 
the  best  brace  of  Melons.  In  the  class  for  six  dishes 
of  vegetables,  to  include  at  least  three  of  Sutton 
&  Sons'  novelties  of  1887.  Mr.  Bowerman,  gr.  to  C. 
Hoare,  Esq,,  Hackwood  Park,  was  1st  with  a  very  fine 
lot;  Jlr.  Pope  being  2nd.  Jlessrs.  Webb  &  Sons, 
Stourbridge,  also  offered  special  prizes  for  six  dishes 
of  vegetables,  and  here   Mr.  Bowerman  was  again 


288 


THE    GAIiDENEBS'     CIIBONICLE. 


[Septemee  3,  1887. 


1st,  and  Mr.  Lye  2n(I.  Messrs.  J.  Carter  &  Co., 
Holborn,  W.C,  offered  special  prizes  for  the  same 
number  of  vegetables,  Mr.  Beckett,  Perin,  beinfc  1st, 
and  Mr.  AVaite  2iui.  Mr.  C.  Fidler,  seedsman, 
Reading,  offered  special  prizes  for  the  following : — 
Dish  of  Reading  Conqueror  Pea:  1st,  Mr.  Waite. 
Fidler's  Defiance  Melon :  1st,  Mr.  Wills.  Nine 
tubers  of  Fidler's  Clipper  Potato :  1st,  Mr.  Beckett. 
Also  for  a  collection  of  six  dishes  of  vegetables :  1st, 
Mr.  Lye ;  2nd,  Mr.  Waite.  Messrs.  Oakshott  & 
Millard,  seedsmen,  Reading,  offered  a  prize  for  tlie 
best  collection  of  fruit  in  the  show,  which  was 
awarded  to  Mr.  Ashby  for  his  1st  prize  collection  of 
eight  dishes. 

Mr.  R.  Owen  exhibited  a  very  fine  lot  of  Begonias, 
double  and  single,  in  pots  ;  Mr.  Turton  a  number  of 
plants  of  Campanula  pyramidalis  and  its  w-hite 
variety;  and  Messrs.  J.  Ciieal  &  Sons  collections  of 
pompon  and  Cactus  Dahlias,  all  of  which  were  highly 
commended. 


WILTS   HORTICULTURAL. 

Autiu.sT  25. — In  tlie  beautiful  grounds  opposite  the 
south  front  of  the  Episcopal  Palace,  Salisbury,  this 
Society  held  its  annual  exhibition  on  the  above  date, 
when  the  competition  was  good,  and  the  exhibits  of 
the  highest  order. 

Plants  {open).— The  1st  prize  (£1.5),  offered  by  the 
Earl  of  Radnor,  Lord-Lieutenant  of  the  county  of 
Wilts,  for  twelve  stove  and  greenhouse  plants,  six 
foliaged  and  six  flowering,  was  keenly  contested  for 
by  Mr.  Cypher,  of  Cheltenham,  and  Mr.  Locke,  gi-.  to 
B.  W.  Cleave,  Esq.,  Crediton,  the  former  winning 
only  by  a  few  points  with  an  excellent  collection, 
consisting  of  a  grand  Cycas  revoluta,  C.  circinalis, 
Kentia  australis,  K.  Fosteriana,  large  and  highly 
coloured  Crotons,  a  large  well-flowered  Erica  Mar- 
nockiana,  E.  Irbyana,  a  grandly  flowered  Bougain- 
villea  glabra,  Clerodendron  Balfourii,  Ixora  Pilgrimi 
and  1.  amabilis.  Mr.  Lock's  best  plants  wereLatania 
borbonica,  of  gigantic  proportions,  and  quite  fresh  ; 
Erica  Eweriana  superba,  Croton  Warreni,  Ixora 
Williamsii,  a  little  past  its  best.  Mr.  Wills,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Pearce,  The  Firs,  Bassett,  Soutliampton,  was  a  cre- 
ditable 3rd.  £5,  £4,  and  £3  were  offered  for  a  group 
of  jilants  arranged  for  effect  on  100  square  feet. 
Mr.  Locke's  group  was  1st,  on  account  of  its  being 
lighter  than  Jlr.  Wills'  arrangement,  which  was 
awarded  2nd  position  ;  the  3rd  going  to  Mr.  R.  West, 
gr.  to  G.  R.  Wigram,  Esq.,  Northlands.  Downtown. 
For  a  group  of  plants,  arranged  for  effect,  in  semi- 
circle, diameter  10  feet,  the  1st  prize,  offered  by 
Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  Sc  Co.,  Salisburv,  was  won 
by  Mr.  Inglefleld,  gr.  to  Sir  John  Kelk,  Bart.,  Ted- 
worth,  Marlborougli,  with  a  good  arrangement  of 
choice  plants.  Among  two  or  three  other  good 
groups  was  one  arranged  (not  for  competition),  by 
Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.  It  consisted  of 
well-flowered  Liliums,  &c.,  intermixed  with  Ferns, 
and  having  in  the  background  a  raised  piece  of 
artistic  rusticwork  furnished  with  Ferns,  &c.,  the 
whole  having  a  double  edging  of  small  Maidenhair 
Fern  and  Mesembr^-anthemum  cordifolium  variega- 
tum.  Mr.  Locke  was  1st  for  six  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants  in  bloom,  with  gi-andly  flowered  specimens. 
Mr.  Locke  was  again  to  the  front  with  six  exotic 
Fems,  with  a  fresh  even  lot,  including  a  large 
Gleichenia  ;  Jfr.  Wills  was  a  creditable  2nd  in  both 
instances,  and  he  was  easily  1st  for  six  Fuchsias. 

Amateurs  Classes. — The  1st  prize,  "  Jubilee  Cup," 
value  £5,  given  by  the  Mayor  of  Salisbury  for  a 
group  of  plants  arranged  for  effect,  and  covering  a 
semicircle  of  10  feet,  brought  out  a  good  competition, 
the  gi-oups  being,  for  the  most  part,  very  tastefully 
arranged.  The  prize  was  creditably  won  by  Mr. 
Charles  Burch.  Oxford  Avenue,  Southampton,  the 
2nd  going  to  Mr.  E.  L,  Brown,  Salisbury.  In  the 
class  for  a  similar  (but  smaller)  group,  Mr.  John 
Currey,  gr.  to  Colonel  Pepper,  Milford  Hill,  Salisburj', 
was  1st,  with  a  bright  but  rather  heavy  arrangement ; 
Mr.  Hinxman,  The  Mill,  Salisbury,  being  2nd. 
Other  plants,  fruits,  and  vegetables  were  also  shown 
well  in  these  classes,  tlie  jjrincipal  prize-winners  being 
Mr.  Bro\™,  Mr.  Hinxman,  Mr.  Currev,  Mr,  Lnvibond, 
Mr.  Fulcher,  Mr.  Harcourt  Coates,  jl.l)..  Jlr.  C.  W. 
Gater,  Mr.  Thornton  (Harnham  Cliff;,  all  residing  in 
or  about  Salisbury. 

Fniit  (Gentlemen's  Gardeners). — Four  collections 
of  eight  kinds  of  fruit  were  staged.  Mr.  H.  W. 
Ward,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Longford  Castle, 
Salisbury,  was  a  good  1st,  staging  an  excellent 
lot,  consisting  of  good  bunches  of  Madresfield  Court 
and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  good  Queen 
Pine,  large  and  highly  coloured  ;  Pine-apple  Nec- 
tai-ines,  extra  large   Castle   Kennedy   Figs,  Melon, 


Dr.  Hogg  Peach,  and  Moor  Park  Apricots ;  Mr. 
Pratt,  gr.  to  tlie  Jlarquis  of  Bath,  Longleat,  War- 
minster, was  2nd.  being  only  a  few  points  behind 
the  1st  prize  collection.  Mr.  Evans,  gi-.  to 
Lady  Louise  Ashburton,  Melchet  Court,  Romsey, 
was  ord.  Mr.  Pratt  had  the  best  Pine-apple 
in  a  good  Smooth  Cayenne.  Severjil  three- 
bunch  stands  of  good  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes 
were  put  up,  there  being  very  little  dift'erence 
between  the  prize  lots.  1st,  Mr.  Pratt ;  2nd,  Mr. 
Budd,  gr.  to  F.  G.  Dalgety,  Esq.,  Lockerley  Hall, 
Romsey.  Mr.  Inglefleld  had  the  best  three  bunches 
of  Black  Hamburgh,  showing  large  well  coloured 
bunches.  Mr.  Ward  was  1st  in  the  "any  other 
black  "  class  with  good  sized  bunches  of  Madresfleld 
Court.  In  the  corresponding  class  for  three  bunches 
of  "any  other  white"  Mr.  Warden  took  Ist 
place  with  highly  flnished  BuckUand  Sweet- 
water. Melons  were  not  largely  shown,  none 
Ijeing  put  up  by  the  local "  gi-owers  ;  Mr. 
Wilkins,  gr.  to  Lady  Theodore  Guest,  Inwood, 
Henstridge,  was  1st.  Out  of  several  dishes  of  Nec- 
tarines Mr.  Ward  was  1st  with  good  Pine-a])ple.  Mr. 
Inglefleld  was  a  good  1st  for  six  Peaches,  showing 
large  well  coloured  Walburton  Admirable.  Mr. 
Haines,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Colesliill  Honse, 
Highworth,  was  1st  for  six  Apricots,  Mr.  W. 
Browning  had  the  best  dozen  Plums  ;  and  for  six 
dishes  of  Apples,  distinct,  three  dessert  and  three 
culin.ary,  and  for  four  dishes  of  Pears,  Mr.  Walden 
was  a  good  1st.  having  a  good  specimen  of  Windsor. 
Vegetables. — The  only  class  in  this  dciiartment 
provided  for  gentlemen's  gardeners  was  for  a  collection 
of  twelve  kinds,  and  three  or  four  good  lots  were 
staged.  Those  put  up  by  the  1st  and  2nd  prize 
winners  would  be  diflicult  to  beat.  Mr.  Wilkins  was 
1st,  and  Jlr.  Haines,  Coleshill,  was  a  very  close  2nd, 
Mr.  Inglefleld  being  3rd.  It  was  the  unusually  large 
and  handsome  specimens  of  Sutton's  Intermediate 
Carrot,  Sutton's  Perfection  Tomato,  and  Laing's  new 
Cauliflower,  in  the  1st  prize  collection,  that  gained 
the  position.  The  kitchen  garden  and  allotment 
produce  staged  by  the  amateurs  and  cottagers  was  as 
good  as  it  was  plentiful,  all  the  prizes  being  well 
contested. 

Cut  Flowers  were  shown  well.  Mr.  Warden  was  a 
good  1st  for  twenty-four  single  trusses  of  Roses,  dis- 
tinct, showing  flue  fresh  blooms,  his  best  being  Dr. 
Andry,  Alfred  Colomb,  and  Duke  of  Connaught;  Mr. 
Flight  was  2nd  ;  and  for  a  dozen  blooms  Mr.  Frank 
Hatch,  Salisbury,  was  1st,  and  Mr.  Warden  was  2nd. 
Jlr.  Budd  had  the  best  eighteen  bunches  of  cut  flowers, 
his  lot  including  several  nice  bits  of  Orchids.  Mr. 
Evans  had  the  best  twelve  spikes  of  Gladiolus. 

Dressed  vases  for  dinner-t.able  decoration. — 
Several  tastefully  arranged  vases  were  set  up.  1st, 
Jlr.  J.  R.  Chard,  Stoke  Newington  ;  2nd,  Jlr.  Cypher. 
Miscellaneous  exhibits,  not  for  competition. — 
Jlessrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  made  quite 
a  grand  display  of  Roses,  Dahlias,  "Verbenas, 
.and  Gladioli,  the  latter  making  a  capital  back- 
ground for  the  several  dozen  stands  of  Dahlias. 
Messrs.  Britton  &  Son,  Waterloo  Nursery,  Salisbury, 
also  contributed  several  good  stands  of  Roses  and 
Dahlias,  &c.  Jlr.  H.  G.  Gibbs,  JIanor  Farm 
Nurseries,  showed  Carnations  ;  and  Jlr.  Smith,  from 
The  Palace  Gardens,  staged  several  well-grown  fresh 
specimens  of  exotic  Ferns,  &c.  In  the  evening  the 
gi'ounds  were  illuminated. 


SANDY  HORTICULTURAL. 

August  26. — This  is  oneofthe  most  noteworthy  ex- 
liibitions  held  in  the  provinces,  for  it  is  of  the  most  com- 
prehensive character.  There  are  112  classes  devoted 
to  nurserymen,  gardeners,  and  amateurs,  for  plants, 
cut  flowers,  fruit,  and  vegetables.  Fourteen  classes 
are  for  agricultural  produce  of  every  kind  shown  by 
farmers  ;  twenty-one  classes  for  vegetables  grown  by 
market  gardeners,  forty-one  for  plants,  flowers,  fruit, 
and  vegetables  grown  by  cottagers :  seven  for  table 
decorations,  bouquets,  &c. ;  and  many  others  in  dif- 
ferent sections,  as  needlework,  butter,  eggs,  bees, 
birds,  &c.  The  show  was  held  in  the  park  of  Sandy 
Place,  the  residence  of  J.  N,  Foster,  Esq.  The 
Society  has  a  local  committee  and  secretary  in  some 
forty  surrounding  to^v^s  and  villiiges. 

The  annual  exhibition  took  place  on  the  above 
date,  .and  in  the  open  class  for  ten  stove  and  gi'ecn- 
house  plants  there  were  four  collections,  the  best 
coming  from  Mr.  Finch,  gr.  to  J.  Marriott,  Esq., 
Queen's  Road,  Coventry,  who  had  some  excellent 
plants ;  Jlr.  Rabbitt,  gr.  to  General  Pearson,  The 
Hassells,  Sandy,  being  a  good  2nd.  Jlr.  Rabbitt 
also    had    the    best    twelve     zonal    Pelargoniums, 


Jlessrs.  Paul  &  Son  had  the  best  forty-eight  cut 
Roses ;  Jlessrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  of  Cambridge,  being 
2nd ;  and  Mr.  House,  Peterborough,  3rd.  Messrs.  J. 
Burrell  &  Co.  had  the  best  twenty-four  spikes  of 
Gladiolus,  staging  a  veiy  fine  lot ;  Jlr.  .7.  House, 
Peterborough,  being  2nd.  Jlr.  R.  Pitfield,  gr.  to 
A.  J.  Thornhill,  Esq.,  Diddington,  was  1st  for 
twenty-four  Dahlias  ;  Mr.  Henry  Glasscock,  Bishops 
Stoi-tford,  being  2nd.  These  were  the  leading  open 
classes,  and  they  made  a  very  good  exhibition  of 
themselves.  All  other  departments  of  the  show  were 
well  sustained. 

Jlessrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  nurserymen.  Saffron 
Walden,  had  a  fine  collection  of  cut  blooms  of 
Hollyhocks.  Jlessrs.  T.  S.  Ware,  nurseryman,  Tot- 
tenham, had  a  very  fine  collection  of  Cactus,  pom- 
pon and  single  Dahlias,  and  also  of  hardy  flowers  ; 
and  Jlessrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Son,  nurserymen,"  Crawley, 
Sussex,  pompon,  single,  and  Cactus  Dahlias,  in 
flue  bunches,  and  of  excellent  quality,  and  these  were 
very  highly  commended.  The  Silver  Jledal  offered 
by  Messrs.  Wood  &  Son,  of  Wood  Green,  for  the 
best  collection  of  cut  flowers,  was  awarded  to  Mr. 
Finch,  Queen's  Road,  Coventry. 


CERCLE   HORTICOLE  VAN   HOUTTE. 

August  28. — This  new  Society,  recently  esta- 
blished in  Ledeberg,  the  horticultural  suburb  of 
Ghent,  held  its  inaugural  exhibition  as  above  in  the 
Town  Hall  and  gaiKlen  annexe,  under  the  most 
favourable  circumstances.  The  entries  were  large, 
tlie  entire  hall  and  garden  being  fllled  to  repletion 
with  examples  of  excellent  culture,  so  full  that 
very  little  space  was  left  for  visitors.  Groups 
of  Palms,  foliage  plants,  Dracasnas,  &c.,  were  ad- 
mirably arranged  in  the  great  hall,  whilst  the 
garden  annexe  was  devoted  to  the  hardier  subjects, 
the  whole  being  grouped  witli  that  taste  for  which 
our  Belgian  friends  are  so  well  known.  It  was 
fitting  that  the  nursery  which  was  created  and  so  long 
carried  on  by  the  late  JI.  Louis  van  Houtte  should 
be  well  represented.  To  that  firm  was  awarded  the 
1st  prize  for  six  new  and  rare  plants,  and  also  for 
one  new  plant,  Puya  gigas,  a  Bromeliad  of  semi- 
erect  habit,  with  long  graceful  leaves,  the  under- 
side being  silvery-white.  Also  for  twenty-five 
specimen  plants  in  flower,  and  twenty  ornamental 
Palms,  Aroids,  Cyclanths,  &c. 

In  the  class  for  twenty  Orchids  in  flower  JI.  "Van 
Houtte  also  carried  oft'  the  1st  prize,  witli  a  very 
bright  and  distinct  group,  including  Cattleyas,  L.xdias, 
with  very  ttne  forms  of  the  newer  Cypripediums,  C. 
selligerum  majus,  C.  Robelinii,  and  C.  longifolium. 
For  twelve  Orchids  in  flower  JI.  Jules  de  Cock 
was  1st,  with  a  very  good  gi'oup,  including  Cattleyas 
Leopoldi  and  Gaskelliana.  For  the  prize  for  twelve 
Cypripediums,  species  and  hybrids,  JI.  Poelman- 
Jlaenhaut  staged  an  admirable  lot,  including  well 
flowered  plants  of  C.  onanthum  superbum,  C.  Spiceri- 
anum,  C.  callosum,  C.  ILarrisonianum,  C.  Argus,  C. 
Lawrencianum,  C.  Sedeni,  &c.  JI.  Jules  de  Cock 
was  1st  for  a  pretty  group  of  six  Cattleyas  and 
Liclias.  The  award  for  twelve  Odontogloesums  went 
to  JI.  Chas.  'Vuylsteke,  and  a  Silver  Jledal  was 
awarded  to  JI.  Pynaert  van  Geert,  for  a  neat  ex- 
ample of  the  rare  Cattleya  Gaskelliana  virginalis. 

Pitcher  plants  were  exhibited  by  JI.  "Van  Houtte, 
the  1st  prize  lot  containing  fine  compact  plants 
with  numerous  pitchers  of  JIastersii,  Jlorganiie, 
Stevensii  bicalcarata  superba,  and  Hookeriana.  JI. 
D'Haene's  plants  were  also  well  coloured  and  very 
vigorous.  One  of  the  best  features  of  the  show  was  a 
group  of  twenty-flve  Dracaenas,  in  twenty-five  varie- 
ties, contributed  by  JI.  D'llaene  sturdy,  vigorous, 
and  highly  coloured,  they  stood  out  with  great  beauty 
from  a  fine  group  of  Ferns.  Drac;ena  Lindeni  was 
also  a  most  conspicuous  plant ;  a  group  of  twenty- 
five,  set  up  by  JI.  "Van  Coppenolle,  was  most  effective, 
each  plant  a  model  of  culture,  with  the  brilliant 
yellow  variegation  clear  and  distinct  on  ever)'  leaf. 
Tree  Ferns,  six  flne  and  distinct  species,  with  well 
developed  heads  and  stems,  8  to  12  feet  in  height, 
were  exliibited  by  JI.  Wallen  &  Son. 

Palms,  as  was  to  be  expected,  were  largely  shown — 
choice  and  perfect  examples  of  the  most  decorative 
sorts — the  1st  prize  for  twelve  going  to  JI.  Van 
Houtte,  and  the  1st  prize  for  eight  to  Mr.  D'Haene  ; 
a  very  handsome  specimen  of  Cocos  Bonetti  from 
JI.  Spae  being  1st  for  one  Palm,  remarkable  for 
beauty  and  development.  JIusa  Ensete,  remarkably 
developed  and  in  perfect  condition,  from  JI.  D'Haene, 
was  staged  in  the  centre  of  the  hall,  and  gained  the 
premier  prize. 
Caladiums  in  very  distinct  and  novel  varieties  came 


September  3,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEB8'     CHBONICLE. 


289 


from  M.  Van  Houtte,  and  gained  the  1st  prize,  the 
same  exhibitor's  double-flowered  tuberous  Begonias 
taking  the  1st  award,  the  most  novel  and  distinct 
being  an  erect  variety  of  large  size,  the  centre  of  the 
bloom  being  deep  goklen-yellow,  and  the  outer  or 
guard-petals  bright  rose — a  decided  advance.  In 
the  single-flowered  group  MM.  Blanquart  &  Ver- 
meire,  though  placed  2nd,  from  their  having  smaller 
plants,  were  decidedly  the  best  in  size  and  form  of 
flowers.  There  seems  no  end  to  the  progress  in  these 
popular  plants  —  a  double  pure  white,  3  inches 
across,  and  as  well  imbricated  as  the  old  white 
Camellia,  being  now  in  the  possession  of  this  firm. 
To  M.  Van  Houtte  the  1st  prize  for  twelve  single 
varieties  was  awarded.  Very  fine  groups  of  what 
are  now  termed  "  commercial  "  plants  were  arranged 
in  the  garden,  including  lots  of  twenty-five  Ficus 
clasticus.  si.x  Latanias,  twenty-five  Kentias,  Aspi- 
distras, ConiferiB  in  pots,  Gloxinias,  zonal  Pelargo- 
niums, Heliotropes,  and  a  class  for  fifty  market 
plants  not  of  the  value  of  more  than  Is.  These,  with 
pyramid  Bays  and  fine  examples  of  the  greenhouse 
Dracaenas,  well  arranged,  made  an  imposing  and 
excellent  effect.  To  inaugurate  the  exhibition  a 
banquet  was  held  in  the  evening,  M.  D'Haene  being 
in  the  chair,  supported  by  the  Mayors  of  Ledeberg 
and  Gentbrugge.  About  a  hundred  of  the  leading 
citizens  and  nurserymen  were  present.  A  most 
enthusiastic  gathering,  all  being  much  pleased  with 
their  first  exhibition. 


Variorum. 


Messrs.  Sutton  &  Son's  Annual  Excur- 
sion. —  The  annual  excursion  given  by  Messrs. 
Sutton  &  Sons,  The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  to  their 
Reading  "  hands,"  took  place  on  Tuesday  last, 
Portsmouth  being  selected  as  the  place  to  be 
visited.  The  special  train  left  Reading  at  7.30  a.m., 
and  reached  Portsmouth  at  9.45,  having  on  board 
about  430  of  the  stafi',  wives,  &c.,  and  was  accom- 
panied by  the  following  members  of  the  firm : 
—Mr.  m'.  H.  Sutton,  Mr.  M.  J.  Sutton,  and  Mr. 
L.  G.  Sutton,  and  several  ladies  of  the  family. 
The  whole  of  the  arrangements  were  carried  out 
under  the  active  directions  of  the  partners  and 
of  the  heads  of  departments,  everything  possible 
being  done  to  secure  the  perfect  enjoyment  of 
every  one  who  participated  in  the  excursion. 
Every  man,  in  addition  to  his  return  ticket,  re- 
ceived bs.  to  enable  him  to  order  a  good  dinner 
on  arrival,  and  many  pleasant  parties  were  made 
up.  The  large  number  of  employes  now  makes  it 
impossible  to  dine  all  tof^ether  on  these  occasions, 
as  they  did  in  former  years,  with  one  or  other  of  the 
partners  in  the  chair.  Pleasant  as  were  those 
dinners — at  which  the  partners  had  always  some- 
thing of  interest  to  say  to  the  "  hands  "  at  the  con- 
clusion of  the  meal— they  took  up  time,  and 
interfered  much  with  sight-seeing  and  excursions. 
Therefore  perfect  freedom  is  now  allowed  to  the  men 
to  go  where  they  choose ;  and  instead  of  speeches 
short  business-like  announcements  of  matters  in- 
teresting to  the  employes  are  made  when  occasion 
offers.  Such  an  occasion  was  taken  advantage  of 
last  week,  when  the"  excursion  circular  "was  issued. 
In  the  circular  it  was  stated  that  the  Jubilee  year 
would  be  memorable  as  the  date  of  the  greatest 
increase  in  the  business  which  had  been  ever  known. 
Not  only  had  the  quantities  of  seeds  sent  out  been 
larger  than  ever,  but  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
orders  actually  executed  between  the  dates  January  1 
to  May  31,  LSS?,  as  compared  with  the  orders 
executed  between  the  same  dates  in  1886,  was  no 
less  than  a  clear  gain  of  10,000  orders.  Such  a 
statement  must  be  peculiarly  gratifying  to  the  firm 
when  it  is  remembered  that  this  is  not  only  the 
Jubilee  year  of  Her  Majesty's  reign,  but  that  it  is 
exactly  fiftv  years  since  Messrs.  Sutton  took  posses- 
sion of  the  premises  on  the  site  of  which  their 
present  Market  Place  entrance  stands.  Messrs. 
Sutton  also  informed  their  hands — by  the  same  cir- 
cular— that  there  appeared  to  them  no  possibility 
of  any  longer  finding  room  for  a  large  Exhibition 
Department,  their  increasing  trade  requiring  the 
utilisation  of  all  the  available  space  on  their  exten- 


sive premises  for  warehouse  purposes.  They  therefore 
purpose  giving  up  almost  entirely  showing  at  Inter- 
national and  Agricultural  Exhibitions,  and  the  space 
lately  occupied  by  carpenters,  painters,  modellers, 
and  others,  is  rapidly  being  transformed  into  grass 
seed  warehouses. 

Mr.  H.  W.  Ward. — It  may  interest  our  readers 
to  know  tiiat  Mr.  H.  W.  Ward,  the  writer  of  our 
"  Eruits  under  Glass,"  was  awarded  1st  prize  in 
every  class  (excepting  one)  in  which  he  entered  at 
the  recent  Taunton  Deane  Show.  In  addition  to 
those  prizes  named  in  the  report  at  p.  258,  Mr.  "Ward 
also  took  highest  honours  for  Pine-apple,  Nectarine, 
Uero  of  Lockinge  Melon,  and  for  three  bunches  of 
Madresfield  Court  Grapes. 


The  Weather. 


[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  o£  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  pieriod  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees — a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperature. 

Above  or 
below  the 

Mean  for 

the    week 

ending 

Aug.  29. 

ACCDMnLATED. 

Districts. 

is 
'a' 

|2 

1" 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districta, 

Day- 
deg. 

Day- 
deg. 

Day- 
deg. 

Day- 
dcg. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

4  above 

Ill 

0 

-1-  192 

+    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.    .,. 

5  above 

127 

0 

+  211 

-^  41 

2.  England,  N.E.  ... 

4  above 

135 

0 

+  211 

+    82 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

3  above 

151 

0 

+    22 

-1-  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

4  above 

148 

0 

+  m 

-1-  166 

6.  England,  S.     ... 

3  above 

149 

0 

0 

-I-  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.   ... 

3  above 

125 

0 

+  «5 

+    57 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

4  above 

142 

0 

+    90 

-1-  118 

8.  England,  S.W.  ... 

3  above 

141 

0 

+    95 

-1-  173 

9.  IBELAND,  N. 

4  above 

136 

0 

■f  257 

+    23 

10.  iBELAND,  S.         ... 

4  above 

143 

0 

+  282 

+    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

2  above 

148 

0 

+    71 

+    77 

Rainfall. 

Bright 

Sunshine. 

DiSTEICTfl. 

a" 

Pi 

5.2  i 

Principal    Wheat- pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Tenths   of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0,  Scotland,  N.    ... 

2  less 

144 

24.5 

30 

25 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

2  less 

106 

13.1 

38 

34 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

2  less 

93 

8.8 

44 

35 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

2  less 

87 

9.9 

42 

43 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

3  less 

83 

10.4 

49 

39 

5.  England,  S. 

1  less 

80 

10.4 

47 

42 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

3  less 

HI 

21.3 

33 

37 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

2  lesa 

87 

13.0 

43 

39 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

3  less 

85 

11.8 

43 

49 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

2  more 

112 

17.7 

30 

35 

10.  IHELAND.  S. 

10  less 

94 

15.9 

40 

42 

—  Channex  Islands 

5  more 

96 

11. 1 

43 

53 

THE   PAST   WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending;  Aup.  29,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  weather  has  been  unsettled  and  rainy  in 
Ireland,  but  over  Great  Britain  the  conditions  have 
been  generally  fine,  although  in  many  places  sonae 
ather  severe  thunderstorms  were  experienced. 

"  The  temperature  has  been  above  the  mean  in 
all  districts,  the  excess  langing  from  2°  in  the 
'Channel  Islands;  to  3°  or  4°  over  England  and 
Ireland,  and  to  between  3°  and  5°  in  Scotland.  The 
highest  of  the  maxima,  which  were  recorded  at  most 
stations  on  the  25th,  varied  from  71°  in  'Scotland, 
"W.,'  to  between  81°  and  85°  over  the  southern, 
central,  and  eastern  parts  of  Great  Britain.  The 
lowest  of  the  minima  were  generally  registered  on 
the  23rd,  when  the  thermometer  fell  to  between  42° 
and  49^  in  most  parts  of  the  kingdom,  to  51°  in, 
'  Ireland,  S.,'  and  to  52°  in  the  *  Channel  Islands.' 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  in 
Ireland  and  the  '  Channel  Islands,'  but  less  in  Eng- 
land and  Scotland. 

''Bright  stiv-shine  shows  an  increase  on  that  re- 
ported last  week  in  most  places,  the  percentage  of 
the  possible  amount  of  duration  ranging  from  30  in 
'  Scotland,  N.'  and  '  Ireland,  N.,'  to  between  40  and 
49  in  nearly  all  other  districts." 


SIEAN  TEMPERATURE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DUR- 
ING THE  WEEK  ENDING  SEPT.  10.  (AVERAGE  OF 
FORTY-THREE  YEARS.) 


Sept.  4    ... 

...    59°.5 

Sept.  8 

..    ,59°.0 

„     5    .„ 

...    ii'A 

„     9 

..    hi". 9 

„     6    ... 

„     7    ...        . 

...    69°.3 
...    69°.  1 

„    lu 

Mean  for  the  week     . 

..    68°.7 
.    59''.1 

Trade  Notices. 

Messbs.  W.  Wood  &  Son,  Wood  Green,  ask  us  to 
announce  to  intending  competitors  for  the  Silver 
Cups  offered  by  them  at  the  Crystal  Palace  and 
South  Kensington  shows,  in  October,  for  Potatos  and 
vegetables,  that,  if  communicated  with  at  an  early 
date,  they  will  undeitalce  to  stage  exhibits  for  com- 
petitors [who  are  unable  to  attend. — Messrs.  Prc- 
THEEOE  &  MoREis  aunouHce  numerous  trade  sales  of 
importance. 


©i)ttuarg» 


Wilfrid  Rogers.— We  greatly  regret  to  have  to 
announce  a  sad  calamity  which  has  befallen  Mr. 
Rogers,  the  Superintendent  of  Battersea  Park, 
already  tried  by  ill-health.  It  appears  that  his  son, 
Mr.  Wilfrid  Rogers,  a  young  man  of  twenty-six,  and 
chief  officer  of  the  ship  Jessie  Beadinan,  one  of  the 
fleet  of  the  Shaw,  Saville  &  Albion  Company,  was 
washed  overboard  on  June  12,  on  the  voyage  between 
New  Zealand  and  Cape  Horn. 

Captain  John  B.  Moore,  who  died  at  Con- 
cord, Mass.,  August  21,  was  one  of  the  best-known 
horticulturists  in  Massachusetts,  and  had  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  Horticultu- 
ral Society.  He  had  been  for  years  a  member  of  the 
State  Board  of  Agriculture.  Captain  Moore  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Horticultural  Society  in 
1849,  and  served  almost  a  lifetime  on  its  committees. 
In  1884  he  was  elected  its  President,  and  was  re- 
elected in  1885. 

Professor  Baird,  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  Director  of  the  National  Museum,  and 
the  head  of  the  United  States  Eish  Commission,  died 
at  Wood's  Hole,  Mass.,  U.S.A..  on  August  19,  after 
an  illness  of  over  a  year.  Professor  Baird  was  born 
at  Reading,  Pa.,  on  February  3,  1823.  In  1850  he 
was  elected  Assistant-Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  a  position  he  held  continuously  until 
1878,  when,  upon  the  death  of  Professor  Henry,  he 
was  made  Secretary  and  Manager  of  the  In- 
stitution. He  perfected  means  of  transporting  fish 
and  spawn  from  one  part  of  the  country  to  another. 


290 


TEE     GABDENER8'     CUB  ONI  CLE. 


[Septsmbbh  3,  1887. 


stocked  Western  waters  with  Eastern  fisli,  and,  vice 
versa,  brought  flsh  from  the  Pacific  to  the  Atlantic,  re- 
stocked inland  waters,  and  conducted  careful  inves- 
tigation into  the  habits  of  the  cod,  the  salmon  and 
the  mackerel,  with  the  purpose  of  increasing  their 
number  and  improving  their  quality. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


AiLAKTns:   G.B.     See  last  week. 

Balsamita:  J  M.  The  Ale-cost  was  an  old  favourite 
with  herbalists.  It  is  closely  allied  to  Tansy,  and 
has  similar  properties. 

Begonia,  White  :  M.  So  far  as  we  can  judge  from 
the  specimen  sent,  we  think  very  highly  of  your 
seedling.  The  flowers  are  large,  of  good  form  and 
subst.ance,  and  clear  Avhite,  and  if  the  habit  be  as 
you  describe  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  is  a 
fine  thing.  If  you  have  a  plant  in  good  condition 
(but  not  otherwise)  we  advise  you  to  send  it  to  the 
secretary  of  the  Floral  Committee,  Royal  Horti- 
cultur.al  Society,  South  Kensington,  on  Tuesday, 
September  13.  It  should  arrive  there  not  later 
than  9  or  10  a.m. 

Black  Rot  :  X  This  is  due  to  the  attacks  of  a 
fungus  (Phonia  nvicola").  The  berries  become 
covered  with  small  pimples  which  are  the  spore- 
cases  of  the  fungus.  The  disease  has  not  appeared 
in  this  country  so  far  as  we  know,  but  is  causing 
consternation  in  the  department  of  Lot  and 
Garonne. 

Books:  J.  M.  S.  The  Dictionary  of  Gardening 
(Upcott  Gill).  It  is,  however,  not  finished  yet. 
We  do  not  know  the  book  to  which  you  refer. — 
T.  J.  There  has  been  no  edition  of  the  Fruit 
Manual  since  the  date  named  by  you.  The  report 
of  the  Pear  Conference  you  can  procure  from 
Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Co.,  Bedford  Street,  Covent 
Giirden,  London,  W.C,  price  2s.  Gd. 

Correction.  In  the  report  of  the  Shropshire  Show, 
last  week,  for  James  French,  Shrewsbury,  read 
William  Finch,  gr.  to  James  Marriott,  Esq., 
Queen's  Road,  Coventry.  Also,  for  "  About  four 
.     .     .     .     Melons,"  &c.,  ■'  About  forty,  &c." 

Diseased  Roots  ;  S.  M.  and  Anxious  Out.  Your 
Melons  are  affected  with  the  fatal  Cucumbsr 
disease.  It  is  not  to  be  cured.  Burn  them  all  as 
soon  as  you  can,  and  employ  fresh  soil  when  you 
replant,  getting  plants  if  possible  from  an  unin- 
fected garden. 

Drying  Shbubs  :  W.  B.  K.  The  leaves  of  the  Silver 
Firs  and  Spruces  will  surely  fall  off,  whatever  you 
do ;  those  of  the  Junipers,  Thuias,  and  Retin- 
osporas,  will  remain  on. 

"  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "  Back  Numbers  :  B.  The 
Publisher  (whom  you  should  have  addressed) 
informs  us  that  the  copies  you  require  are  out  of 
print. 

Grapes  and  Peaches  in  Houses  Against  a  West 
Wall  :  J.  W.  The  fruit  would  succeed  well 
enough  if  early  forcing  was  not  attempted.  Would 
form  a  succession  to  those  grown  in  a  southern 
aspect. 

Grapes  Shanking  :  J.  C.  The  shanking  of  your 
Grapes  is  most  likely  due  to  the  cold,  wet  subsoil. 
The  number  containing  Mr.  Fowler's  article  is 
out  of  print.  You  should  consult  Barron's  Vines 
and  Vine  Culture. 

Insects;  E.  fV.  W.  and  J.  M,  The  grubs  sent  are 
those  of  the  Pear  saw-fly,  recently  illusti-ated 
(p.  110).— £.  A.  The  small  white  flies  which  have 
attacked  your  Tomatos  are  a  species  of  Aleyrodes 
(most  probably  A.  Cheledonii).  They  may  be 
treated  like  aphides,  either  by  fumigation,  or  by 
giving  the  plnnts  a  good  syringing  with  tobacco- 
water  and  soapsuds.  /.  O.  W. 
Melon  Disease  :  See  "  Diseased  Roots." 
Names  of  Fruits  ;  M.  I.  M.  Peach  :  1 ,  Lord  Pal- 
merston.  Plums  :  2,  Jefferson  ;  3,  Angelina 
Burdett. — B.  J.  V.  Not  Bcurr^  Hardy,  but  either 
Monsallard  or  Beacon. — John  Champion.  Grapes  : 
1,  Alicante;  2,  Black  Hamburgh.  Your  other 
question  is  answered  above. 
Names  of  Plants  :  J.  Laincf  ^  Co,  Phytolacca  de- 
candra. —  W.  B.  K.  We  cannot  undertake  to  name 
more  than  six  another  time.  1,  Cryptomeria 
elegans ;  2,  a  species  of  Larch  ;  .3,  Retinospora 
Bquarrosa ;  4,  either  a  Larch  or  a  Cedar,  we  can- 


not tell  which  from  such  a  scrap ;  5,  Cryptomeria 
japonica;  6,  Wellingtonia  gigantea ;  t,  Abies 
lasiocarpa ;  8,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana,  golden  var. ; 
9,  Abies  grandis  ;  10,  not  recognised;  11,  Abies 
grandis  ;  12,  A.  Douglasii ;  13,  Retinospora  pisi- 
fera  ;  14,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana ;  15,  Abies  no- 
bilis ;  16,  Retinospora  plumosa  ;  17,  not  recog- 
nised ;  18,  Abies  nobilis. — J.  G.  1,  Lastrea  fili.x- 
mas ;  2,  Athyrium  filix-fcemina ;  3,  Cystopteris 
fragilis  ;  4,  uncertain  ;   5,  Polystichum  aculeatum. 

—  Old  Reader.  1,  Adiantum  hispidulum ;  2, 
Statice  near  to  S.  Linionum  ;  3,  Stapelia,  species 
of;  4,  Berberis  Fortunei ;  5,  Potentilla  fruti- 
cosa  ;  6,  tlie  double-flowered  Geranium  pratense. 
— P.  W.  One  of  the  hybrid  Oaks  derived  from 
the  Turkey  Oak,  Q.  cerris.  —  ]V.  R.  A  Soli- 
dago.      Look  for    the  specific    name  next   week, 

—  C.  H.  W.  Habenaria  intermedia. — G.  H. 
The  Garden  Orache,  Atriplex  hortensis,  purple 
variety,  used  as  Spinach.  —  F.  C.  Athy- 
rium filix  fcemina  var.  corymbiferum,  probably 
Moorei. — J.  E.  1  and  2,  Polypodium  glaucura  ; 
3,  Polypodium  quercifolium  ;  4,  Davallia  canari- 
ensis  ;  5,  Lastrea  Serra  ;  6,  Blechnum  brasiliense. 
— H.  G.  Trachelium  cceruleum,  Monarda  didyma. 
The  Petunia  was  in  bad  condition  ;  it  is  very  large 
and  coarse. — Button.     1,  Epidendrum  oncidioides  ; 

2,  Brassavola  acaulis. —  Gu'alia.  1,  Stenotaphrura 
americanum  ;  2,  Anthericum  lineare  variegatum  ; 

3,  Montbretia  Pottsi ;  4,  Physianthus  albens ;  5, 
Dictyogramma  japonica;  6,  Adiantum  decorum. 

PiNus  iNsiGNis :  J.  F.  Your  trees  are  injured  by  the 
Pine  weevil,  Hylurgus  piniperda.  See  article  in 
our  columns  for  July  23  of  the  present  year, 
p.  105. 

Vegetables  ;  /.  .S'.  Judging  from  your  list,  we 
should  place  b  first,  c  second,  and  a  third. 

Wasps  :  J.  C.  sends  us  a  description  of  his  method  of 
squib-making  for  the  destruction  of  wasp-nests, 
but  the  employment  of  cyanide  of  potassium 
(poison),  or  even  of  petroleum,  is  easier  and  more 
satisfactory.     See  our  "  Home  Correspondence." 


CATALOGUES   KECEIVED. 

William  Shand,  New  Street,  Lancaster — Bulbs. 

J.  &  R.  Thvne,  8.3,  St.  Vincent  Street,  Glasgow, 
N.B.— Bulbs. 

John  Laino  &  Sons,  Forest  Hill,  London,  S.E. — 
Bulbous  Roots. 

Barr  &  Son,  12,  King  .Street,  Covent  Garden,  Lon- 
don, W.C— DaflTodils. 

W.  P.  Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee— Dutch  Flower 
Roots. 

Clark  Brothers  &  Co.,  65,  Scotch  Street,  Carlisle 
— Spring  Flower  Roots. 

Charles  Turner,  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough — Carna- 
tions, Tree  Carnations,  Picotees,  &c. 

Thos.  Imrie  &  Sons,  137,  High  Street,  Ayr,  N.B. — 
Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

Fisher,  Son  &  Sibrat,  4,  Market  Street,  Sheffield — 
Bulbs  and  Flower  Roots. 

Frederick  Brabt  &  Co.,  352  to  362,  Euston  Road, 
London — Berry's  Perfect  Greenhouse  Fumigator. 

W.  Smith  &  Son,  18,  Market  Street,  Aberdeen,  N.B. 
■ — Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

Webb  &  Sons,  Wordsley,  Stourbridge — Bulbs. 

V.  Dopplet,  Erfurt — Bulbs  &  Seeds. 

B.  Veitch  &  Son,  54,  High  Street,  Exeter— Dutch 
Bulbs. 

William  Bull,  536,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. — 
Bulbs  and  Tulierous  Rooted  Plants. 

Oakshott  &  Millard  —  Royal  Counties  Seed  Esta- 
blishment, Reading — Bulbs. 

Ant.  Roozen  &  Son,  Overveen.  near  Haarlem, 
Holland — Dutch  and  Cape  Bulbs. 

B.  Gilbert,  Anemone  Museum,  Dyke,  Bourne, 
Lines. — Bulbs,  &c. 


Com.\iunicatio>'s  Received  :— J.  A.  De  M..  Boston.— M.  G.— 
M.  D.— A.  S.— M.  H.—Shuttleworth,. Carder  &  Co.— T.  A.— 
D.  J.  Y.— H.  C,  Interlaken.— K.  L.— G.  B.  B.— J.  B.  &  Son. 
— W.  W.—W.  0.  C— M.  J.  S.— .T.  II.  H..  Trinidii.I.-Q., 
Demerara.— T.  C.  M.— J.  A.— K.  \V.  IC.-A.  M,K.-A.  H. 
K.  (many  thanks).— A.  H.  P.— J.  C.  (i,l]n{,.(;n,iil,  ivn-ivr-d. 
thanks).— A.  Hill.— J.  L.— N.  E.  B.— \V.  H.  H.-\V.  .S.— M. 
Temple.— W.  K.— H.  A.— W.  Cliitty.-W.  E.-\V.  R.-E.  O. 

—J.  R.  H W.  S.— A.  I).— J.  Rust.— A.  D.  W.—W.  Dance. 

— W.  C— C.  M.  O.— W.  S.  D.— T.  J.— Constant  Reader.— C. 
B.  &  G.— E.  J. 


DIED.— On  the  25th  ult.,  at  124,  College  Place, 
N.W.,  in  his  seventy-fifth  year,  Edward  Edwabds, 
for  upwards  of  twenty-eight  years  the  Gardener  of 
Oakley  Square,  N.W.,  respected  and  regretted. 


[Markets. 

COVENT  GARDEN,  September  1. 
Market  heavily  supplied  ;    business  quiet.  Jamxi 
Webber,  Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Plums,  |-sieve  ...  2  0-  4  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  0  9-  1  6 
—  Channel  Isl..  lb.  0  6-  1  0 
Kent  Filberts,  100  lb.35  0-  ...       —  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 


Lemons,  per  case   ...12  0-21  0 
Melons,  each  ...  0  6-  3  0 

Peaches,  dozen       ...  1  0-  6  0 
Pine-apples. Eng., lb.  10-30 


Vegetables- Average  Retail  Prices. 


s.  d.  s.  d. 
Artichokes,  p.  doz....  4  0-  ... 
Aubergines,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch. 
Cauliflowers,  each 
Celery,  per  bundle 
Cucumbers,  each 
Endive,  per  dozen 
Green  Mint,  bunch. 
Herbs,  per  bunch  . 
Leeks,  per  bunch 
Lettuce,  per  dozen 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each. 


0  4-  ... 
16-20 
0  0-10 
3  0-  ... 
0  4-  ... 


0  3-  ... 
2  0-50 
0  3-  ... 


.d. 

Mushrooms,  punnet  16-20 
Mustard    and   Cress, 

punnet      0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel ...  4  0-  ... 
Parsley,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Peas,  per  quart  ...  1  6-  ... 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ...  4  0-  5  0 

„  kidney,  per  cwt.  4  0-50 
Shallots,  per  lb.  ...  0  3-  ... 
Spinach,  per  bushel...  3  ft-  ... 
Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 
Tomatos,  per  lb.  ...  0  9-  ... 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  8-  ... 
Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2-  ... 


Potatos.— Kents,  25.  to  3s.  6rf.  per  bushel ;  Roses,  4.?.  to  5s, 


Beauties,  5s.  to  is.  dd.  per  cwt.    Markets  heavy. 
Plasts  ni  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Asters,  per  dozen  ...  3 
Balsams,  per  dozen...  3 
Capsicum,  dozen  ...  5 
Chrj'santhem.,  dozen  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
Dracaena  terminalis, 

per  dozen 30 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9 
Enonjnnus,  in    var., 

per  dozen 6 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen 6 

Ferns,  in  variety,  per 

dozen         4 

Ficus  elastica.  each  .  1 


s.d.s.d. 


d.  t.d. 


.  2  0-10  0 
.30-90 
.40-80 
.  9  0-13  0 

.  »  0-13  0 


0-18  0    Foliage  plants,  v 
0-6  0        ous,  each   ... 
0-  6  0  1  Fuchsias,  doz. 
0-  9  0  I  Heliotrope,  dozen 
0-9  0    Hydrangeas,  doz. 
0-12  0    Lilium,  various, 

0-60  0  !    —  lancifolium,   ,,.. 

0-24  0  I      dozen         6  0-18  0 

'  Mignonette,  doz.    ...  4  0-  6  0 

0-18  0  '  Myrtles,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  0 

Palms,  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  0 

0-24  0  :  Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 

'  —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 
0-18  0  :  —  Ivy-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
6-70!  Scented  Verbena.doz.  40-60 


Cut  Flowers.- Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons,  12  bun  ... 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  bunches... 

—  French,  per  bun. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  blms. 

—  dozen  bunches... 
Chrysanth.,  12  bun. 

—  large,  12  blooms 
Cornflower,  12  bun. 
Eucharis,  per  dozen 
G.ardenias.  12  blooms 
Heliotropes,  12  spr. 
Jasmine,  white,  bun. 

longiflorum. 


s.d.s.d. 

2  0-40 

3  0-50 

2  0-40 
10-20 
0  6-10 
0  6-10 

3  0-60 

2  0-60 
10-40 
10-20 

3  0-60 
3  0-60 


12  blooms  . 


—  la 


.■ifolii 


i,12bl. 


Lavender,  12  bun.  ...  4  0-  I 
M.arguerites,  12  bun.  3  0-  ( 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  0  9-  1 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...2  0-! 
Pelargoniums,  12  spr.  0  6-  1 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  3-  ( 
Primulas,  double,  12 

sprays        0  9-1 

Pyrethrum,  13  bun...  2  0-  I 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-  1 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6-  1 

—  red, perdozen  ...  0  3-  ( 

—  Safirano, dozen...  0  6-  ( 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-  '. 
Sunflowers,  12  bun.  2  0-  '. 
Tuberoses,  12  blms....  0  6-  : 


SEEDS. 


London:  Auc/ust  31. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London  E.G., 
report  an  active  trade  doing  in  all  descrijitions  of 
seeds  needed  for  present  sowing.  Stocks  of  Trifo- 
lium  are  getting  exhausted.  Values  remain  fii-m  at 
the  recent  advance.  Good  Mustard  on  the  spot  is 
also  scarce.  Very  little  Rye  comes  to  hand.  'White 
Tares  sell  freely.  Italian  Rye-grass  in  brisk  request. 
Blue  Peas  are  still  offered  at  very  moderate  figures. 


PRXriT  AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London):  August  31.  —  Good 
supplies  of  all  kinds  of  fruit,  vegetables,  and  Potatos. 
Trade  good  at  following  quotations :  —  Fruit : 
Coloured  Plums,  2s.  Gd.  to  3s.  Gd.  per  half-sieve ; 
yellow  Egg  Plums,  Is.  9(/.  to  3s.  do. ;  Green  Gages, 
2s.  Od.  to  4s.  do. ;  Apples,  eating,  3s.  to  4s.  Gd.  per 
bushel ;  cooking  do.,  2s.  to  4s.  do.  ;  Pears,  2s.  to  6s. 
do.  ;  Tomatos,  2s.  to  4s.  per  dozen  pounds.  Vege- 
tables :  Cabbages,  3s.  to  7s.  per  tally ;  Scarlet  Beans, 
5s.  to  6s.  jier  sieve  ;  French  Beans,  4s.  to  5s.  do. ; 
Vegetable  Marrows,  Is.  to  Is.  Gd.  per  dozen  ;  frame 
Cucumbers,  2s.  to  3s.  do. ;  field  do.,  Gd.  do. ;  Turnips, 
4s.  to  5s.  6f/.  per  dozen  bunches ;  Carrots,  2s.  to  Ss. 
do. ;  Onions,  2f .  to  .3s.  Gd.  do. ;  Mint,  Is.  Gd.  to  2s.  do. 

POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  August  30.  —The 
hot  weather  checks  the  demand,  and  with  larger 
supplies  prices  were  easier.  Quotations  : — Regents, 
110s.  to  120s.;  Hebrons,  10a«.  tol40.<.  ;  Early  Roses, 
80s.  to  lOOs.  per  ton. 


Sbptembeb  3,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


291 


CONTBACTOBS    TO    HER    MAJESTY'S    WAB    DEPABTMEWT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 


UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 


{TELEGEAPHIC  ADDRESS-"  HOTWATER,"  LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

wltli  Waterway  End. 

From  20  Inches  to  66  Inches  long. 


HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  AND  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  Vlth  Edition,  price  Is. 

Price  LIST  on  application  Free. 
HOT-WATER    AND     HOT-AIR    APPARATUS 

ERECTED  COMPLETE,  OR  THE  MATERIAL  SUPPLIED. 


PATENT    RELLANCE    EOTABY 
VALVES. 


WHY     PAY     HIGH     PRICES, 

When  you   can   imrchase   a    thoroughly    good    and    sound    Champagne  for 

30/-D0ZEN.     GEVENCEY.     30/-»«zeh. 


SOLE    AGENTS : 


JOHN   C.   HANDS  &  CO., 
99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G., 

OLD-ESTABLISHED    "WINE   and   SPIBIT    MERCHANTS  and  AGENTS. 


HORTICULTURAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPnON,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


HOTWATER     APPARATUS    for     WARMING     CHURCHES     SCHOOLS      PUBLIC     BUILDINGS      MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS   DRYING  ROOMS  HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  OF  EVERY  DES(SRIPTION 

fiir  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

11,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 


LONDON,  W.C. 


_1887. 


Please  send  me  "  The  Gaedenebs'  Chronicle  "  for  _ 
,fo7-  which  I  enclose  P.O.O.. 


commencing 

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THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  ;— 12  Months.  15s. :   6  Months,  7.!.  6d. ;   i  Months,  3.?.  M. ;   Post-free. 

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P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office, 

No.    42,    DBUBY    LANE,    London,    to    W.    BICHABDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25s. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40s. :  4-bushel  bags,  4rf.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  6d.  per  sack  j  5  sacks, 
25s. ;  sacks,  4(i.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  per  sack,  5  sacks,  22s. ;  sacks, 
4rf.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  9d.  per  bushel;  15s.  per  half 
ttjn ;  26s.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBBOUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VrRGEN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  (Soldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17i,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

ORTICULTURAL     SOILS,     MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75A,  QueenVictoria 
Street,  E.C.,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    Dep6t ;  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams — "  Floriculture,  London."    Established  1854. 

JOHNSON'S 
ORCHID  aud  general  PEAT 

IS  THE  BUST  IN  THE  WORLD. 

Samples  forwarded  free  of  charge. 

A.  JOHNSON  as  CO..  23,  LeadenhaU  Street,  London. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ...   5s.  per  sack ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  6(i. 

PEAT,  be.st  black  fibrous      ...  4s.  6d.    „         5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  6rf.    ,,        5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     ~1 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only 

PEAT  MOULD,  „  } 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  f>d.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FEBBE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    M:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialite)       Sd.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack ...    5s.  per  bushel. 

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-')  In  bags. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  . ' s 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  (Tins.  71b.  14Ib.  281b.  661b.  1  cwt. 
Fruits.  Vegetables,  &c.     ...)    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    32/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality        1/3    2/-    3/6      6/-    13/- 

VmGIN  CORK,  be.st  quality  only        —    3/-     5/6     10/6     17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  3s.  6rf.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks.  Is.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. ; 
30  sacks,  35s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
35s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 

GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1859  against  Eed  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  wat^r  ;  4  to  16  ounces  03  winter  dresaing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Had  outlived  many  preparations  intwnded  to 
■    ■        Boxes,  Is,.  35.,  and  10s.  6rf. 


GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  eround.  Boxes,  6rf.  and  \s.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London.  _^_^^^_^__^^^_____^ 

EW      ARCHANGEL      MATS.— RUSSIA 

MATS  of  all  descriptions,  RAFFIA  FIBRE,  TOBACCO 
RAG  and  PAPER,  supplied  to  the  Trade  at  Lower  Prices  than 
any  other  firm  this  season.— MARENDAZ  AKD  FISHER,  9  and 
10,  James  Street,  Corent  Garden,  W.C. 


292 


THE     GJBDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeb  3,  1887. 


JAMS  and  BOTTLED  FRUIT  TRADE.— 
Landed  Proprietors  near  London  desirous  of  Growing 
Fruit  and  going  into  tliis  Bufiiness,  can  have  full  particulars, 
and  their  Plantations  Laid  Out  moat  economically,  by  address- 
ing to  J.  B.  F..  at  Horn t-as tie's.  61.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Thrip.  Mealif 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  &c..  dc. 
PERFECTLY  )  «'.'  ""'  """"i","'!''  ^'^™'  ^'';,^'"  ™™ 

Kint:\vi»rni  in  Animals,  and  all  Diseases 
HARMLESS   )  prndncd  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  comWnation  o!  llydropiuhrm  Oils,  made  solnblo  ia 
Wator,  for  Destroying  ALU  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  the  Roots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Bold  by  Seedsmen  and  fhemists.  Is.ed.  rs.ed.  &  (s.ed; 

J  gaUon  73. 6d,  1  g:Mm\  I'Js.ikl.  oi  lessin  liiiKiKiiiiuititics. 

A  Treatise  onFIRTREE  OILasan  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

\VTiolesul.> ;  Hn.iiEiL  .v  (:■  .r v.  Scrrii,  Fuwlf.r  &  Co.; 

C.E.OsMiN  i-r,,  .  1111(1  In.m  ;ill  th..  London  Seed  Uter- 
chant^  and  Whuli-Mil.'  I'lil.'ut  ,Mtdii:inf  Uoutes.  NEW 
TOKK-KoLKEK  i  Sons. 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 


Throira  a  fne 
•ipiay  20  ft.,  and 
a  jet  SO  ft.,  uith 
qi  cat  force. 

A  splendid 
sabititute  fur  the 
Si/lDiffefor  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
25s  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
puipn.^cs,  45s. 
Caiiiag-e  Paid. 


For 
Glass  Houses 


GREEN&creaihcolorSHADING 


Cktnvrniont,  Inexpensive— Easily  applied  —  Lasts  all  the 

Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  utl'.    Is.,  post  1/3. 

For  Fixiu-  Bloom  of  Azaleas,      ■■  I  |  ^LJ  CTO  ' 

&'c.,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.  fl  \3  Xjkn  EiO 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 


HUCHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Preventing  Vines  Bleeding^  after  Pruning. 

Very  cffeetual  in  prevent  ing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vine.s  being 

wa-sted.    In  bottles  i;i;  and  '20.    Per  po.st.  :M.  extra. 

f-,I>;:"K;i;-S;::;:^,:,::;:™:'S:  HUGHES' 
TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  eireetuul   iu  Oieeiihouses,-lor  Animals  and   Bed 
Cluthin;,-.     Trice,  (id.  Is.  &  2/6.    Per  post  :)d.  e.\tra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  T/SK?'' 

I/'OTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET.  MANCHESTER 


TWOS  w.  /mB/A/so//: 


OmBR/DGt. 


GARDEN     REQUISITES.  — Sticks,    Labels, 
Virgin  Cork,  Raffia.  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Manures,  &c.     Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Low#r  Thames  Street.  London,  E.G. 

HILL  &  SMITH, 

BRIERLEY  HILL,  NEAR  DUDLEY, 

Ami  .vv  lis,  (^ilEEN   VICTHRIA   STRKET,   LciMluN.  E.C. 


IRON  FENCING,  HURDLES,  GATES,  &G. 


*%**_  ^^< 


IRON  ROOFING  AND  HAY  BARNS. 


Roohug  &c     PerbOnal  Surveys  of  Estates 
ad\  ice  given  as  to  the  best  and  n 

lUmtratcjl  Caialtfvcs  Free  hii  rest. 


Rosber's  Garden  Edging  TUe?. 


''r'lIE   ABOVE   and  many  other  RATTERXS 

J-      are  made  in  materials  of  great  durabihi  >■.      I'ln'  i-l.iii]i.-r 
sorts  are  specially  suit-^^I  U^t 
KITCHEN     firARDENS,      as       -       *  - -^  -^ 
they  harbour    no    Slu^s    or     'r'f'.  ■:•■{.:'•  f^r 
Insects,  take  up  little  room,     ^'"..'^J^ 
and  once  put  down  incur  no       ""^T^^^ 
further  labour  or  expense,  as  .^, 

do  "grown"  Edgings,  conse-         -^4*;^ 
quently  being  much  cheaper.         '"    ~ 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNT AQJS,  &c..  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  irpper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E. ;  Ring's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents     for     LOOKER'S     PATENT     "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,    and    PROI^GATLNG    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halla,  Corridors,  Baleonie^,  &c., 
from  3s,  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Priees,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,    for   Lining    Walls   of   Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tilea 

of  all  kinde.  Roofing  Tiles  in  graat  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

^     I      L    ~V     E     R  S     A      N      D, 

kj?  fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.  Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  nny  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  San<l  free  by  post. 

FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  ur  Ferneries. 

KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  si^iplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 


nt  to  the  Trade. 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

Nl  CH  OLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SnuKEDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 


RUSSIA  MATS  &  RAFFIA 

NEW  SEASONS   AKCIiANGEL  MATS. 

Taganrog,  Petersburg,  and  every  otber  description 

of  Russian  Mats. 

It.VFFIA  (Fresh  Arrival ). 

.'iPECIAL    QCOTATIOX.S   on   APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135,  COMMERCIAL  STREET.   LONDON,   E. 

GREENHOUSES. 

3.  4.  Span-roof,  plain,  but  of 
best  construction.     Price, 
ted  complete  (with  brick- 
ithin  15  miles  of  Lon- 
>ige  ;       proportionate 
^es  in  any  part  of  the  coun- 
.     Lean-to's  in  proportion, 
tus  (fixed)  extra  as  below. 
Size.        Price.   H.W.  Ap. 
£.=i8  0     £10  I" 
£71  0     £12 

_^ _     --  ,  40ft.  by  17ft.  £111  0     £22    0 

ILLUSTRATED     SHEETS     of     CONSERVATORlEa,     Grekk- 
HousES,  &c.,  ^vith  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS    MADE    IN    ANY    PART    OF   THE   COUNTRY 
FREE  OF  CHARGE.     Design^  and  Estimates  FREE. 

DEANE  6c  CO., 

llurticuUural  Builders  ami  Hot-water  Engineers, 

''^•'lt°?et'"'"""f  LONDON  BRIDGE. 

RICHARDSON'S 


Loughborouf^h  Hot-W.-iter  A] 
Si7.e.        Price.   H.W.  Ap.  , 
lift,  by    8tt.  £20    0       £5  1.5    25ft.  by  15ft.    £.58  0     £10  1.5 
1.5ft.  by    9ft.  £.30    0       £6    5    .30ft.  byi:"       ""'  "      """    ' 

•      by  12ft.  £12  10       £«  r       "'      "     ' 


HORTICULTURAL  BUILDINGS 

Fixed   in   any   part   of   the 

Kingdom  with  Hot-water 

Apparatus  complete. 


CATALOGUE 
FREB. 


North  of  England  Horticultural  Works,"\.>i/ 

DARLINGTON. 

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Pachtges  arid  p/iching  free,  mtd  deltrered  to  any  London  titatu 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 


11/- 
13/- 
17/6 
13/- 
21/-  „   31/- 


or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6. 
or  250  squares  8J  by  6i,  or  220 
squares,  iij  by  6j,  or  170  squares, 
9  by  7J,  or  160  squares,  10  by  8, 
for  10s.  Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 
r£3. 


35/- 

Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mined  for  ui 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  5(^.  per  pound.    Special  quotatic 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAH    AN'I)     GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 

14.  Moor  Lane.  Crlpplegate.  London.  EC. 


TCL^i^SSHeUSES&WEATiNG: 


IB.W.WA-R«U-RST 


LSIA.  BK&070KT  8TBBBT,  CHELSEA,  %.ll.f 


September  3,  1887.] 


TEE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


293 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,    NORWICH, 

HORTICULTURAL   BUILDERS  "nd  HEATING    ENGINEERS. 


r  r  CI EENBOrSES  and  HEAT- 
/\  U  PARATl'S  arc  Erected  in 
1        fjirt  of  the  Kingdom. 

Complete  Ranges  of 

\    I  N  E  R  I  E  S 

PEACH    HOUSES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c., 


GARDEN    FRAMES 

of  every  variety  in  8tock. 
Gmeral  CATALOGUE  Post-free. 


Hot -water  Pipes  and 
Fittings 

OF  EV^RY  DESCRIPTION. 
4-inoh    Pipes  at   Is.  6d.   per  yard. 

SADDLE,  VERTICAL, 

and  all  other  kinds  of 
BOILEBS. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangement 

"^  For  GREENHOUSES,  &c. 

Oil  yCQTCR'Q    PATENT  STEEL   TBENTHAM   BOILER  is  far  the  best,  cheapest,  and 

OILVLO  I  Ln  O    jnost  ceonomiral  Hot-water  Jloiler  maile.     The  improved  facilities  for  ensuring 

perfect  combivftion  saves  fuel  and^Jreceii/ssmwAf,  and  the  efficient  arrangement  for  cleaning  out  greatly 

prolongs  the  life  of  the  Boiler.    The.se  Boilers  are  manufactured  and  supplied  by  the  Patentees  only. 

HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS,  on  the  High  or  Low  Pressure  principle,  erected 

complete ;   elKoiency  guaranteed. 

PUMPING   MACinXEUr  for  all  purposes,  EKGINEfi,  BOILERS,  (§-c. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 

CASTLE    HILL    WORKS,    NEWCASTLE,    STAFFORDSHIRE. 


GRGMPTON  &  FAWKES, 

IIOItmrLTl-RAL  Bl'ILDERS  AND 
IIEATIXO  ENGINEERS, 

CHELMSFORD. 


J/te.rpejisive  Artistic 
Architectural 

CONSERVATORIES. 

Particulars  and  Price  of  Congervatory  to 
annexeJ  design,  also  profusely  Illustrated 
BOOK,  containing  numerous  other  Designs 
of  Winter  Gardens,  Conservatories,  Ranges 
of  Hothouses,  Vineries,  Forcing  Houses, 
Sec,  recently  erected,  fitted,  and  heated 
hy  us  in  different  parts  of  the  country 
post-free  on  application. 

Clients  waited  on  and  Surveys  made  in 
any  part  of  the  country.  Plans,  Estimates, 
minute  details,  and  reliaUe  suggestions 
and  information  regarding  every  descrip- 
tion of  Horticultural  Buildings — bas^  on 
many  years"  experience — supplied  free  of 
charge. 

The  efficiency  of  allHeating  Apparatus, 
Boilers,  Fittings,  &c.,  designed  and  con- 
structed by  us  guaranteed. 


Hew  J^ditiim,    Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

By  the  late  Sir  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.     Keprinted  from  the  Gardeners  Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3^d. ; 

Twenty-five  Copies,  Ss;   fifty,  IDs.  ;  and  one  hundred,  SOs. 

Parcels   of   not   less   than   twenty-five   delivered,   Carriage   Free,   in   London   only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.     RICHARDS,     41,     WELLINGTON      STREET,     STRAND,     LONDON,     W.C. 


PORTABLE    PLANT    FRAMES. 

The  ubove  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turnrightoveroneon  to  theother,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  : — 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     £2  15    0 
12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,        „  ,,        „         4  15    0 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide,        „  „        ,,         3  15    0 

\2  feet  long.  5  feet  wide 6  10    0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 


B.     HALLIDAT      &      CO., 

Hotliouae  Builders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAX    HORTICULTURAL    WORKS,    MIDDLETON, 

MANCHESTER. 

London  Agent :  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 

2,  Eolloway  Road,  N. 

W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  BOW,  LONDON,  E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  at^d  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for  every 
description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of  charge,  and 
send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 


LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material    in 
colours.     Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121.  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.G. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabafor  Walla,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 

BECKETT      BROS., 

Horticultural  Engineers,  Chelmsford. 

Apply  for  our 

Special  LIST  of  Cheap  and  Substantial  Buildings, 
POST-FREE. 


STEVEN      BROS     8c.   C<> 
HOT       WATER        APPARATUS. 


4-  UPPER  THAMES    S''     LONDON.  E.C. 


THOS.     W.     ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  P ASK  IBONIVORKS,  STOURBRIDGE, 


4-in  Eipansion  Joint  Hotwater  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  M.  each; 

4-in  Socket  Hotrwater  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  erf.  each. 

Full  Illustrated  Beeised  Price  List  on  appHcati/m. 


294 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHBONIGLE. 


[Septbmbeb  3,  1887. 


THE  GARDENERS'  GHRONIGLL 


Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

Heai  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines 

•.  £0 

3 

0 

15 

Line. 

6       „ 

..     0 

8 

« 

16 

„ 

6      „ 

.     0 

4 

0 

17 

,^ 

7      „ 

..     0 

4 

6 

18 

jj 

8      „ 

..     0 

5 

0 

19 

jj 

9      ,. 

..     0 

5 

6 

20 

jj 

10      „ 

..     0 

6 

0 

SI 

„ 

11      „ 

.     0 

6 

d 

aa 

„ 

12      „ 

..     0 

7 

0 

23 

„ 

13      „ 

..     0 

7 

6 

24 

jj 

14      „ 

..     0 

8 

0 

25 

„ 

AND 

SIXPEXC 

E  FOR    E7E 

RY  ADDITION 

If  3et  acr 

139  two  OolU 

uin.  tr 

It  set  aoros 

i  three 

3olu 

mrn,  t 

le  lowest  cha 

Page 

£!;    HilE 

P.ige. 

£1  10.-. 

;     Col 

£0    8  6 

0    9  0 

0     9  6 

0  10  0 

0  10  6 

0  11  0 

0  11  6 

0  12  0 

0  12  6 

0  13  0 

0  13  6 


0AXDS!JES3  anl  OTHSRS  WANriNS  SITUATIONS. 

3i  wjrdi,  iiijliiliai  DMjaaliHreH,  Is.  6i.. 

aai  6i.  tor  erery  allltioaal  Uii3  (about  9  wjrjj)  or  part 

Ota  line. 

TffE5E  ADVERnaEMEXPi    MU3T  BE  PREPAID. 
TliU  scale  dj3j  not  apply   tj  announcements  of  Vacant 


SitnitU 


el  at  the  ordinary  scale 


IMPORTAVr  NOTICE.  —  Alairti^en  an  cxuttmet 
agaitiH  hioinj  LiUirs  atlreisei  to  Initials  at  Pjst-officss,  at 
M  Uttirs  SI  aUreiJiJ  are  apviH  h'j  the  authorities  anil 
Teturniltothe  senler. 

Births,  Deaths  ani  MvHRrAQES,  5s.  each  insertion. 

Adojrtiiti'ti^nts  /or  th;  current   wink   .MUST  reach   the  OJice 

by  Tkarsdatj  man. 


All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  AdvancB. 

The  U.flTED  KlxaoJM:   12  .Mjnths,  15!.;   6  Mjnths, 

73.  6a. :  3  Months,  33,  91. 

Foaeias  (eicjptin^  India  an!  Cliini);    inclnlin?  Poitags, 

173.  61.  tor  12  Mjathi;    Inlia  anl  China,  193.  61. 

PoitrOlBce   OrJers   to  be   mule   payable    at  the   Post   0:B;e, 

42,  DRURY  LVNE,  W.C,  to  W.  Riohards, 


PoBLisaiKQ  Office  and  O.^fics  for  ADVEnnsEMBsrs, 

41.  Wellinjton  Stre't.  Str.in  1.  Lin  Ion,  W.C. 


Fourteen  Silver 


Medals. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Tottery, 
Weston-super-Mare,  Manufacturer  of  TERRA  COTTA 
VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS,  BORDER 
TILES,  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality,  from  1  to  30  inches 
diameter,  stand  the  frosts,  and  seldom  turn  gree.i ;  ORCHID, 
FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING-PANS,  KIIUB^VRB  and  SEA- 
KAIE  POTS,  &c. 

Price  List  post-free.    Book  of  Desifins,  Is.  fitt. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3d3  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ,  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Gloss  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FAR.MILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD.  OIL  and  COLOUR  MERCHANTS, 

34,  St.  John  Street,  West  Smltbfleld,  London,  E.C, 

stock  [.lit  and  Prices  on  aiifhcatmn.     Quote  Chronicle. 


MABE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P     P     S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILE. 
Accidents   at   Home   and   Abroad. 

Riilwav  Accidents.  Employer's  Liability,  insured  a^'ainst  by  the 

RAILWAY  I'ASSENGEUS'  ASSURANCE 
CO.MPANY,  61,  Cornhill,  London.  Income,  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,350,000,  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Office,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C.  ;  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLUM  J.  VTAN,  Secretary. 


AFTER      SEASON       SALE. 

j\.  GARDEN   HOSE. 

WATER  BARROWS, 
PORTABLE  PUMPS. 
GARDEN  ENGINES. 
HOSE  REELS  and  FITTINGS. 
LAWN  FOUNTAINS. 
EXTENSION   LADDERS. 

ENORMOUS     DISCOUNTS. 

To  make  room   for  Winter  Stock  of   Fire  Escapes    and 

Fire  Engines. 
T.  H.  HE.ITHMAN  ASD  CO.,  2,  Endell  Street,  Long  Acre, 
London,  W.C. 

"ly/TARQUEES. — Second-hand,  at  low  prices,  to 

ijX  clear  this  season.  A  number  of  Second-hand  small 
Marquees,  from  20  X 12  feet  to  35x17  feet,  suitable  for  Clubs, 
Schools,  or  private  use,  in  excellent  condition,  nearly  as  good 
as  new.  A  few  larger  Marquees  also  for  Sale;  also  C.4NVAS 
for  Awnings  or  Booth  Covers,    Prices  on  application  to 

BENJAMIN  EDGINGTON  (Limited),  2,  Duke  Street,  London 
Bridge,  E.C. 

Price  6d.,  free  by  post  7d,      Obtainable  of  all  Booksellers, 

WATEli  FOR  XOTHIXG.     Every  House  its 
own  Water  Supply.      By  Shirlev  Hibbekd. 
"  An  endless  fountain  of  immortal  drink. 
Pouring  unto  us  from  the  heavens'  brink."— Keats. 
London  :   E.  W.  ALLEN,  4,  Ave  Maria  Lane,  E.C. 


REVUE  de  I'HORTICULTURE  BELGE 
et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — L'Uh  vear. — Among  the  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard,  E.  'Andre,  C.  Baltet,  F.  Burvenich,  F.  Crepin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P,  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx,  T.  Moore.  C.  Naudin,  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ort-'ies,  E.  Pynaert,  E.  Rodigas,  O,  Thomas,  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J,  ran  Volxem,  H.  J.  Veitch,  A  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenstein. 

This  illustrated  Journal  appears  on  the  1st  of  every  month, 
in  parts  of  24  pages,  8vo,  with  two  coloured  Plates  and  numerous 
Engravings. 

Terms  of  Subscription  for  the  United  Kingdom  ;— One  year 
14s.  payable  in  advance. 

Publishing  Office :  l.'M,  Rue  de  Bruxelles,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Post-office  Orders  to  be  made  payable  to  M.  E.  PYNAERT, 
Ghent. 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a  Farm  or  Resilience, 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES'  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpenny  stamps  for  postage,  adiiressed  "Afirf/nnrf  Counties 
Herald  Office,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
ahvavs  contaiiw  large  numbers  of  advertisements  relating  to 
Famis,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


GARDENING    APPOINTMENTS. 

Mr.  W.  Eabp,  late  Head  Gardener  to  E.  S. 
KoUNiiELL,  Esq.,  Oeborne,  Fernhurst,  Sussex,  has 
been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to  Sir  ^^'.  Eden, 
Bart.,  Windlestone  Hall,  Ferry  Hill,  Durham. 

Mr.  John  Wright  has  been  appointed  Head 
Gardener  to  Barton  Scobell,  Esq.,  Kiuijwell 
Hall,  near  Bath,  suceceding  Mr.  Joseph  Newton. 


WORKING  PARTNER  with  Small  Nur- 
seryman or  Jobbing  Gardener,  or  would  PURCHASE 
JOBBING  GARDENER'S  BUSINESS.  Must  be  sound.— State 
capital  and  particulars,  &c.,  to  J.  T.,  80,  Oeveland  Eoad, 
Surbiton,  Surrey.  

ANTED,  a  FOREMAN,  to  take  charge  of 

a  portion  of  mv  Collection  of  Herbaceous  Plants.— 
State  experience,  wages,  &c.,  to  THOMAS  S.  WARE,  Hale 
Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  London,  N. 

WANTED,  a  competent  MAN,  to  take  charge 
of  a  Small  Market  Garden.  Good  character  essential.— 
Apply,  stating  wages  required,  to  Mr.  THOMAS  SCRUTTON, 
9,  Gracechurch  Street,  London,  E.C. 


WANTED,  an  intelligent  young  MAN,  for 
the  Houses,  and  to  help  Outside  occasionally. — W. 
KETTLEWELL,  The  Gardens,  Steventon  Manor,  Whitchurch, 
Hants. 


WANTED,  an  active  young  MAN,  for 
Nursery  Work,  chiefly  under  Glass.— State  age  and 
experience  to  R.  GILES,  The  Gordon  Nursery,  High  Brooms, 
Tunbridge  Welle,  Kent. 

ANTED,   an    Energetic   young   MAN,   to 
Manage  and  Work  a  Small  Seed  Business  in  a  Pro- 
vincial Town. — L.   M.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Son,  Houndsditch, 
London,  E. 


WANTED,  good  GENERAL  HAND,  where 
four  are  kept ;  not  under  20,  Must  understand  Fires. 
Wages  16s.  with  Bothy.— Apply,  F,  MORELAND,  Gardener, 
Tower  Lodge,  Belvedere  Park.  Kent. 


WANTED,  a  SHOPMAN,  in  the  Seed  Trade, 
Must  understand  Agricultural  and  Garden  Seeds,  also 
Rose  Budding  and  Bedding  Plants,  Married  man  preferred, 
no  family.  A  house  on  the  premises;  vegetables  and  fruit 
found  in  the  season.  Under  40  years  of  age,- W.  WRIGHT, 
Market  Square,  Retford,  Notts, 


WANTED,  a  WAREHOUSE  PORTER,  for 
the  Seed  Trade.— HY.  CLARKE  AXD  SONS,  39,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

WANTED,  as  ASSISTANT,  Youth  for  Shop 
and  Conservatory  in  London  suburb;  age  about  18, 
with  previous  experience  in  Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. — State 
antecedents  and  references,  in  own  handwriting,  to  T.  H., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,W.C. 


WANTED,  a  young   LADY  for  a  Florist's 
Shop.    Good  hand  at  Wreaths,  &c.— Apply,  D.  G.  M., 
341,  Mare  Street,  Hackney.  E. 


WANT     PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers,  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — It  is  very  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  it  should  befitted  in  pauable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE, 
to  W.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  u,hose  hands  it  may  fall  from,  negotiating  it. 

N.B.~Tke  best  ajid  safest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 


Letters  addressed  "  Poste  Restante"  to  initials  er  to  fictitious 
7tames  are  not  forwarded,  but  are  at  OJice  returned  to  the 


NOTICE  TO  ADVERTISERS.— In  many  instances 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements  are 
received  without  name,  address,  or  anything  beyond  the 
postmark  on  envelope  by  which  to  identify  the  sender;  this 
tn  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  fre- 
quently the  sender  cannot  be  identified  at  ail. 

Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give  their 
Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Iteferettce  to  the  Adver- 
tisement which  they  wish  repeated. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
firat-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establislimenta, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged.— JOHN  LAINQ 
AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS. 

kj  —John  Downie,  Seedsman.  \U,  Princes  Street.  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  ou  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re-eugagemeots.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Nobleman,  or  Gentlemao 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HE.\D  GARDENER.  BAILIFF.  FOREaMAN.  or  JOURNEY- 
MAN. Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the  above  will 
please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  test  selections  for  the 
different  capacities  will  be  made. — HoUoway,  N. 


w 


Gardeners,  Under  Gardeners.  Bailiffs.  &c. 

M.  CUTBUSll  AM.  SOX  h^ive  at  the  pre- 


it  time  on  their  List  .M  I-.X  \\  Ii 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  Llieir  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c. — Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
quiring either  of  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  tir3t-clae»3 
men  by  applying  to  Wm.Cutbush&  Son,  HighgateNu 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
■tc— St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston.  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  anotlier  MAN,  who.  in  addition  to  being 
a   good    General  •^--'  '---    >- _  i     ___    .    _ 

Orchid  Grower. 
Establishments. 


G1  ARDENEIl  (Head).—  Age  27,  married  ; 
I  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  brunches  of  the  profession. 
Can  bo  highly  recommended.— M.  SIMMONS,  Ruffett  Cottages, 
Chipstead.  Bedside,  Surrey, 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;   age  32.— The  Right 

Hon.  the  Earl  of  Lathom's  Gardener,  Mr.  Hathaway, 

would  be  pleased  to  recommend  a  good  Working  Gardener,  with 

excellent  character,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the 

services  of  one.-  -Lathom  House,  Ormskirk. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  27,  married  when 
suited.  —  W.  JOHNSTONK.  Bayham  Abbey  Gardens, 
Lamberhurst,  Kent,  can  liigbly  recommend  his  Foreman  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  Gardener. 
Wages  expected,  about  £tJ5.  with  house,  &c. 

G^  ARDENER    (Head)  ;     a.o-*^  'J7.    ntnn-ifd.— 
I"  Jas.  Harvey.  Gardener  to  Jas,  W:i I     n    [     ,     \!     Uyns, 
Ticehurst,  Sussex,  can  with  every  coiifii'  ■    i  i,    nj  his 

Foreman,  Charles  Gregory,  as  a  thoruu-li..  m  ,u,  ;iiid 

well  versed  in  the  profession.     ludustriuLi-  Aii  1  I'.vuiL.il.ing. 


GARDENER  (Head);  age  3.5,  married.— 
A  Uentle.man  wishes  to  recommend  his  late  Head 
Gardener.  A  thorough  trustworthy  man.  Four  years  with 
him.  Lett  through  breaking  up  ot  establishment.  —  D.  J., 
Park  Cottage,  Standen  Road,  Southlields,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 


September  3,  1887.1 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


295 


GAKDENER(Head);  age  27.— G.  Merritt, 
Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Dacre.  Kimpton  Hoo, 
Wehvyu,  Herta.  desires  to  recommend  his  Foremiin,  James 
Anderson.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Testimonials 
of  the  highest  order. 

GARDENER  (Head).— married ;  twenty-five 
years'  experience  in  oil  branches  of  Gardening,  I-aying- 
out  Grounds,  &c.  Good  Fruit  and  Vegetable  Grower.  Good 
character  for  sobriety,  honesty,  &e.,  from  present  and  previous 
employers.— G.  HUBBARD,  The  Gardens,  Deue  Park,  Tun- 
bridge^ 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  one  or  two  are 
kept.— Age  30,  married  when  suited ;  thoroughly  under- 
stands the  Growing  of  Plants,  Fruit,  and  Vegetables,  and  the 
General  Management  of  a  Gentleman's  Garden.  Fifteen  years' 
experience,  eleven  years  in  present  situation,  and  can  be  well 
recommended  by  present  employer.  The  reason  for  leaving  is 
death  in  the  family.— F.  S.,  Garden  Cottages,  Paul's  Cray, 
Kent.      

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  ORCHID 
GROWER.— Age  30.  married ;  sixteen  years'  thorough 
experience  under  best  of  gardeners ;  highly  recommended  as 
capable  in  every  branch,  especially  in  Orchids. — GARDENER, 
5.  Parade,  Church  Road.  Teddiogton.  S.W. 

r^ARDENER   (Head   Working).— Age    35, 

\^  mamed;  understands  Vines,  Peach-houses,  Stove 
Plants,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  &c.  Good  character. — 
W.  P..  4,  North  Row.  Winchmore  Hill.  N. 

ARDENER  (He.sj)   Working),  where  two 

or  three  are  kept. — Age  42,  no  family ;  thoroughly  prac- 
tical. Fifteen  years  in  last  place.  Highsst  references. — 
W.  P.  ROWE.  Eastcott.  Pinner. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  37  ; 
practiciil  and  competent  in  all  branches  of  the  pro- 
fession. Good  chan^ct^r.— \V.  LEAGO,  Groat  Oakley  Hall, 
Kettering.  Northamptonshire. 

ARDENER   (Head   Woeking).  —  Middle- 

age,  married,  no  family;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all 
branches  of  the  profession.  Land  and  Stock  if  required.  Can 
be  highly  recommended. — T.  W.,  The  Gardens,  Avenue  House, 
Church  End.  Finchley,  Loudon,  N, 

ARDENER  (Head  Working);  married.— 

A  Gextlemax  wishes  to  recommend  his  late  Head 
Working  Gardener  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
thorough  practical  man  in  all  branches.  Poultry  if  required. 
— T.  C.  Vermont  Cottages,  Rusthall,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Age  33, 

married,  no  family;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Vines, 
Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  General  Forcing,  Flower,  and 
Kitchen  Garden.  Three  excellent  references. — T.  A.,  3,  Hamil- 
ton Terrace.  Wylds  Lane,  Worcester. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 

or  three  are  kept. — Age  30,  married,  one  child ;  fourteen 
years'  experience  in  all  departments;  five  years  in  present 
situation  ;  desires  an  engagement  at  any  place  by  the  sea  on 
the  East  Coast.  Can  be  recommended '  by  Mrs.  Morley,  Hall 
Place.  Tonbridge. 

ARDENER    (Head   WobkixVG).— Age   42, 

married,  no  family;  a  thorough  practical  man  in  all 
branches  of  Gardening,  Orcliids,  Early  Forcing  of  all  kinds  of 
Fruits,  Flowers,  &c;  tweuty-five  years'  practical  experience. 
Good  reference.— E.  H.,  Mr.  R,  Neal's  Nurseries,  Trinity  Road, 
Wandsworth  Common,  Surrey. 

ARDENER    (Head    Working).— Age  36, 

married;  abstainer.  Twenty-one  years'  experience  in 
the  Cultivation  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Melons,  Cucum- 
bers, Tomatos,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Ferns,  Orchids, 
Roses,  Chrj'santhemums,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  Early 
and  Late  Forcing.  Unexceptional  references  for  abilities  and 
character.— WICKSON,  Long  Ditton  Hill.  Surrey. 

ARDENER     (Head     Working,    or    good 

SI^•CiLE-HA^•D ED), —Twenty-sis  years'  experience.  Good 
reference-s.— MORWOOD,  Clayton  Heights,  Bradford,  Yorks. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 

Single-handed).— Single;  experienced  in  both  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  character.  Total  abstainer. 
Disengaged.— H.  TOMS,  F.  Pelham,  Buntingford,  Herts. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working,  or   Single"- 

HANDED). — Married ;  practical  experience  all  round. 
Can  be  well  recommended.— J.  BAILEY,  3,  Pitcliford  Terrace, 
Cemetery  Road,  Forest  Gate,  E. 

GARDENER  (Head,  where  two  or  three  are 
kept;  no  objection  to  good  Single-handed);  age  31, 
married,  three  children. — Mr.  JackSOX,  Gardener  to  J.  Lees. 
E^^q.,  Berry  Hill,  Mansfield,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his 
Foreman,  J.  Thomas,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
practical  Gardener.  Nine  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer. 

ARDENER;   age  43.— W.   Ssiythe,  Head 

Gardener  to  the  late  Lord  Sondes,  Elmham  Hall,  would 
be  pleased  to  recommend  his  late  Foreman  to  any  Lady  or 
Gentleman  requiring  a  good  Gardener, — G.  R.,  46,  Trinity 
Road,  Penge,  S.E. 

GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him;  age  36,  married,  four  children. — A  Gentleman 
can  recommend  a  Grardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses.  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes,  Melons,  Peaches,  &c.— CHARLES  CAPLING,  Bed- 
hampton  Hill,  Havant. 

ARDENER  (Plain)  ;    Wife  as  Laundress, 

or  live  in  a  Lodge.  Good  reference.— E.  COTTON,  Gar- 
dener, Pick  End.  Hanley  Castle,  Worcester-hire. 

GARDENER     (Single-handed),    or,  where 
more  are  kept,  to  "work  in  the  Houses  or  Outside.— 
H.  VOKES,  Broadwater,  Worthing,  Sussex. 


GARDENER    (Single-handed).  —  Age    30, 
married,   no  family:    thoroughly  practical    and    ener- 
getic.    Excellent  refcrcnci'.— B..  New  Koad,  Kegworth,  Derby. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  otherwise). 
—Age  26,  married  ;  thoroughly  eiperienecil  in  all 
branches  of  Gardening.  Quick,  hard-working  man.  Excellent 
character.- H.,  7,  Newport  Road.  Burgess  Hill 


GARDENER  (Thibd),  in  a  place  for  learning. 
—  Young;    has    had     some    experience.      Abstiiiiier.- 
F.  P..  .=.0.  New  Street.  Salisbury. 

Gl  ARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  Under). — 
r    Age  23;    respectable.      Nine   years'  good  character.— 
J.  C,  3,  Wanstead  Cottages.  The  Village,  Wanstead. 

GARDENER (Undeb,  or  Single-handed). — 
Seven  years'  experience  Inside  and  Out.    Good  character. 
— E.  SMITH,  Primrose  Cottage,  Eushey  Heath.  Herts. 

GARDENER  (Under),  as  Second,  in  the 
Houses,  in  large  establishment. — Age  23;  can  have  good 
references  from  former  places.— T.  COUSINS,  High  Street, 
March,  Cambs. 

ARDENER  (Under).— Young ;  life  experi- 

ence.     Gooii  reference  from  last  employer. — H.  P.,  Mul- 
kern  Road,  Elthrine  Road,  Upper  Holloway.  N. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  17  ;    willing  to 
Learn.      Good  references.— W.  WOOD,  "  Rising  Sun," 
Billingshurst. 

ARDENER  (Under).— Age  22;  good  experi- 

ence  Inside  and  Out.  Two  years  in  present  situation. 
Good  character.  Abstainer.— A.  HAWKES,  The  Gardens, 
Gosfleld  Hall,  Halstead,  Essex. 

1VURSERY    MANAGER,   or  FOREMAN.- 

jL  1  The  Advertiser  is  open  for  an  engagement  as  above  ;  lias 
had  upwards  of  twenty  years'  practical  experience.  Excellent 
testimonials. — ALPHA,  Messrs.  Clark  Bros.  &  Co.,  Kur:iery- 
men,  Carlisle. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  private  establishment. — 
Has  had  good  experience  in  large  establishments.  Good 
reference.- J.  W.  WAPLEY,  Chipping  Sodbury,  Gloucester- 
shire. 

To  Gardeners. 

FOREMAN. — Has  had  practical  experience 
with  Fruit  and  Plant  Culture,  and  House  Decorations  in 
large  establishments, — G.  G.,  Pine-apple  Nursery,  Maida  Vale, 
London.  W. 

FOREMAN  (General),  in  a  private  estab- 
lishment.— Four  and  a  half  years'  Orchid  Foreman  at 
Downside.  First-class  reference  for  general  Gardening. — F. 
WHITE,  Downside  Gardens.  Leatherhead. 

FOREMAN  (General,  or  Departmental), 
in  a  good  establishment. — Age  29;  thirteen  years' expe- 
rience. Thoroughly  capable.  Highly  recommended  from  pre- 
sent and  previous  employers.— \V.  K.,  78,  Loto  Road,  Chelsea, 
London.  S.W. 

To  NurserymeiL 

FOREMAN  (AVorking),  Outdoor.— Age  31; 
active  and  energetic.  Thoroughly  understands  the  Cul- 
tivation of  Outdoor  Nursery  Stock.  Accustomed  to  the 
Management  of  Men.  Many  years'  experience.  Total 
abstainer.  Excellent  reference*.— H.  D.,  Mr.  Farmer,  Lower 
Wick,  Worcester. 

FOREMAN  or  JOURNEYMAN,  in  the 
Houses. — .4ge  25,  married,  no  incumbrance;  abstainer. 
Four  and  a  half  years  at  present  place  as  Under  Gardener. 
Good  characte.  Experienced  in  all  branches,  and  especially  in 
Chrysanthemums.  —  C.  BELLIS,  Halliwell  Lodge,  Bolton, 
Lancashire. 

To  Nursennnen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of  Hard  and 
Soft-wooded    Plants.— Age   24;    good   references.— State 
particulars  to  JdSEPH  HOLMES,  14,  Grove  Street,  Derby. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Otliera. 

PROPAGATOR     and     GROWER    of    Soft- 
wooded  stuff.— Age  25;    iew  years'  experience   in  all 
branches,— E.  B.,  1.  Park  Villa,  Park  Fields,  Putney,  S.W. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of  Soft- 
wooded  Plants.— Age  27 ;  nine  years'  experience.  Good 
reference.  Total  abstainer.— G.  GRIGG.  15,  Lion  Street, 
Bexley  Heath,  Kent. 

ENERAL  NURSERY  PROPAGATOR.— 

Age  26,  married ;  seven  years'  good  character. — J. 
TULLEY,  Upper  Tooting  Park  Nursery,  S.W. 

PROPAGATOR  (Assistant),  Indoor  or  Out, 
in  a  good  establishment. — Four  and  a  half  years'  n  fer- 

enre  from  old-established  firm.  —  Address,  with  teims,  to 
BRIGGS.  Courtland's,  Sandrock  Road,  Tunbridge  Well-. 

ALM  or  FERN   GROWER.— Good   experi- 

ence  and  character  in  London  Nurseries. — A.  MORRIS, 
Boston  Grove.  Boston  Spa,  Yorkshire. 

JOURNEYMAN,  or  UNDER  GARDENER, 
Inside,  or  Inside  and  Out. — Aj^e  21 ;  good  references  from 
last  and  previous  employers.— W.  CHEDGEY,  Keadin"  Kooms, 
Bushey  Heath,  Watford,  Herts. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses  or  Out.— Age 
23;   seven  years'  good  character.— C.  FRANKLIN,  The 
Gardens,  Forest  Hill  Park.  Windsor,  Berks. 

JOURNEYMAN  ;  age  19.- Mr.  Bhooks,  The 
Gardens,  Red  Rice,  Andover,  Hants,  can  with  every  con- 
fidence recommend  H.  Garlick  to  any  Gardener  requiring  a 
trustworthy  man. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  good  establishment.— 
Age    2.3 ;    seven    years'   experience.  —  D.  MEAD,    The 
Squirrel,  Newent,  Gloucester. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21; 
three  years'  in  present  situaation.  Good  recommenda- 
tion. Bothy  preferred.— S.  H.  SNELL,  The  Daison,  St.  Mary 
Church,  Torquay. 

JOURNEYMAN,  or  Second,  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  23 ;  seven  years'  good  experience  in  large  establish- 
ments. —  T.  STEAD,  The  Gardens,  Breakspears,  irxbridge, 
Middlesex. 

r^OWMAN,     or    GARDENER    (Under).— 

\J  Age  30 ;  understands  Pigs  and  Poultry.  Left  through 
death.  Nine  years'  good  character.- L.  TIBBLES,  53,  Gation 
Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  good  establishment.— Age  18  ; 
two   years'  good   character.        Had   some   experience.  — 
Mr.  T.  LAMBERT.  Burton  Constable  Hall,  Hull. 

IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses,  with  Florist   or 
Market  Grower,— Good  character.— M.  T..  Mr.  Warren, 
Turnford,  near  Hoddesdon,  Herts. 

To  Nurserymen. 
TMPROVER,   in   the    Houses.— Age   19;    five 

X  years'  experience.  Three  years  in  last  situation.  Good 
character.— W.  SMITH,  2,  Rose  Cottages,  Uakfield  Road,  Ore, 
Hastings,  Sussex. 

IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  establishment, 
where  he  would  get  a  good  practical  knowledge  of  Green- 
house Work.— Age  Itj ;  active.  Five  years'  experience  in 
general  Garden  Work.— Apply  in  first  instance  to  PHILIP 
G/VRNISH,  Mangotsfield,  Bristol. 

ARKET    NURSERIES.  — A    young    man 

desires  a  place  in  a  Market  Nursery.  Is  well  used  to 
that  branch.  Excellent  references  from  Market  Nurseries,-- 
J.  B.  S.,  9,  Chisenhale  Road.  Old  Ford  Road,  N.E. 

O  GARDENERS.— Wanted  to  place  a  youth 

(nearly  17),  under  a  good,  practical.  Gardener.  Ab- 
stainer; strong.  Has  fair  knowledge  of  work.  Indoors  and 
Out.  No  Premium.— G.  CURTIS,  Timsbury  Manor,  Romsey, 
Hampshire. 

0  GARDENERS,  &c.— A  young  man  (age  21) 

seeks  a  place  under  a  Gardener.  Willing  to  make  him- 
self useful.— H.  HAZELL,  Staines  Road,  Hounslow,  Middlesex. 

TO  FRUIT  and  FLOWER  GROWERS  and 
NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  by  a  well-trained  business 
man,  with  some  knowledge  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables, 
a  situation  of  Trust  in  a  Nursery  or  Fruit  Farm. — E.  F., 
Mentone,  Inglis  Road,  Southsea. 

ANAGER,  or  HEAD  SHOPMAN,  in  the 

Re tailSeed Trade. — Thoroughly  conversant  in  all  branches 
of  the  Business.  First-class  references. — H.  J.  W.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 


To  the  Seed  Trade. 

MANAGER  or  SHOPMAN.— Age  24  ;  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  London  and  Provincial 
Trade,  or  would  be  prepared  to  Invest  Capital  for  a  Share  in 
Established  Business.  Good  Book-keeper  and  Correspondent. 
Highest  references.— MAC,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN,  or  Second. — Age  21 ;   six  years' 
experience ;    first-class  references. — J.  H.,  K.  B.  Laird  & 
Sons,  Edinburgh. 

Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

BOOK-KEEPER.  —  Thoroughly  experienced. 
First-class    references.— H.    H.,    Gnrdeners'    Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

0  SEEDSMEN  and  FLORISTS.— Wanted,  a 

place  of  Trust,  by  respectable  young  man  (age  23)  ;  used 
to  Seliing  and  Book-keeping;  willing  to  make  himself  useful. 
Firstrclass    references.  —  FRED.    MORFETT,    Robertsbridge, 


SEED,  BULB,  and  NURSERY  TRADE.— 
A  young  man  (age  22)  seeks  re-engagement  in  above. 
Thoroughly  conversant  with  all  its  branches.  Much  experi- 
ence in  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making.  First-class  testimonials, 
— G.  G.  B.,  Messrs.  Hurst  &  Sons,  Houndsditch,  E. 

O  FLORISTS.— A  young  Man  (age  28),  seeks 
a  situation  as  above.     Good  maker-up.    Thirteen  years' 
experience;  first-class  character. — A.  B.,  60,  Chepstow  Villas, 
Bayswater,  W. 


HORTICULTURAL  DRAUGHTSMAN  and 
HOT- WATER  ENGINEER  —A  man  of  great  experience. 
Good  at  Designs,  Estimating.  Heating,  Details,  &c.  Has  had 
experience  in  Glazing  without  putty,  Landscape  Gardening, 
and  all  work  connected  with  the  business.  Moderate  salary. — 
A.  Z.,  74,  Fosberry  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 


HOLLO  WAY'S  PILLS.  — These  celebrated 
Pills  are  especially  useful  in  preventing  the  bad  effects 
of  luxurious  living.  They  purify  the  blood,  cleanse  the  stomach, 
gently  stimulate  the  kidneys,  andactasamildaperient.  Without 
some  such  corrective  as  HoUoway'a  Pills  the  festivity  of  one  dny 
often  debars  from  all  enjoyment  for  a  week.  A  few  do-es  cf 
this  purifying  medicine  sets  the  foulest  stomach  right,  restrains 
biliousness,  steadies  the  circulation,  gives  strength  to  the 
muscles,  and  composure  to  the  brain  and  nerves.  The  Pills  are 
incapable  of  doing  mischief  to  the  most  delicate  constitution^. 
The  Hypochondriac  will  find  this  medicine  comfort  his  miser- 
able nerves — it  will  increase  the  appetite,  exhilarate  the  spirits, 
fill  the  vessels  with  good  healthy  blood,  and  regulate  the 
excretory  organs. 


296 


THE     GAB  DENE  R  8'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septehbeb  3,  1887. 


SHOPPING     BY     POST!! 

LADIES',  CHILDREN'S,  &  GENTLEMEN'S  DRESS  FABRICS  I     Saving  from 

DIRECT  from  the  DARLINGTON  LOOMS,        )  25  to  50  per  Cent. 


LADIES 


ARE  INVITED  TO 
WRITE  FOR 


ONE  THOUSAND  PATTERNS 


OF   THE    BEAUTIFUL 


Darlington  Dress  Materials, 

AS    WORN  BY    THE   PRINCE  AND   PRINCESS   OF    W.iZES. 

Sent    POST-FREE    to    any  Address   in   the   United   Kingdom. 

HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS  are  now  ready  to  deliver  their  New  Dress  Goods  for  the  Present  Season,  fresh  from  their  Looms, 
comprising  all  the  latest  Fashionable  Ni>\eltirs  in  Pure  "Wool,  together  with  their  celebrated  Cross-Warp  Serges  and  Gold  Medal  Cashmeres,  renowned 
for  their  Beautiful  Appearance  and  Hard- Wearing  Qualities.  These  splendid  goods  are  SOLD  DIRECT  TO  THE  PUBLIC,  without  the  intervention 
of  Wholesale  Merchants,  Drapers,  Agents,  or  Middlemen,  all  intermediate  profits  being  given  to  the  Purchaser. 

Ladies  have  only  to  see  the  Patterns  of  these  Exquisite  Specialties  to  be  convinced  of  their  splendid  value.  ANY  LENGTH  IS  CUT — no  matter 
how  short — and  any  article  not  approved  will  be  changed  within  seven  days. 

ALL    PARCELS    ARE    DELIVERED    CARRLAGE    FREE    IN    THE    UNITED    KINGDOM. 


Either  a  Letter,  Postcard,  or  a  Six- 
penny Telegram  will  bring  the  box  of 
patterns  by  next  post,  and  all  orders  are 
executed  same  day  as  received. 


HENRY  PEASE  &  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS, 

Spinners  and  Manufacturers, 

THE  MILLS, 

DARLINGTON, 

ENGLAND. 

(ESTABLISHED      1752.) 


_. ^^^ 

Messrs.  HENRY  PEASE  and  CO.'S  SUCCESSORS  buy  their  A\'ools  direct  from  the  English  Farmer.  After  careful  sorting  and  cleaning  the 
Wool  is  spun  into  Yarn,  and  the  Y'arn  woven  into  the  various  charming  Fabrics  for  which  the  Firm  have  been  renowned  snice  their  Establishment  in 
1752— the  entire  process  of  manufacture  being  carried  on  in  their  own  Mills  at  Darlington,  employing  more  than  One  Thousand  Hands. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addremed  to  "The  Editor;  "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office.  41,  Wellington  Street   Cov 
Printed  by  WlLUAM  BlOHiBDS,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bbadbuby,  AQjrew  &  Co..  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  m  the  County  of  Midd 
taid  Wnjim  BiCHABDS.  at  th«  Offloe,  41,  WeUiDgton  Street,  Pariah  of  St.  Paul's,  Oorent  Oaiden,  ■-^'■■-^-•" — •-     = ."■«  ii-r,».,^i,a,  ■> 


t  Garden,  London,  W.C" 

_ ex,  and  published  by  the 

the  said  bounty.— siTnBDAT,  September  3,'  1887.    Agoutfor  Manchester— JOHK  HETWOOD. 


Established 

No.  2437. 


No.  37.— Vol.  II.  {i^Z}  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBEE  10,  1887. 


CRegt.  as  a  Newspaper. 


fPRICE   3d. 

V     POST-FBEB,  3id. 


CONTENTS. 


Agave  Henriquesii 

Apples  and  Pears 

Annald    of    the   Royal 
Botauic  Gardens,  Cal- 

British  Desmids 

Broom  House,  Fulham  ... 

CLamwrops  Fortuuei     ... 

Colonial  Notes     

Dalton  and  Joule 

Disa  grandiflora 

Floral  Committee,  meet- 
ing at  Chiswick 

Floristjj"  flowers 

Flower  garden     

Forestry 

Fuchsia,  specimen 

Hardy  fruit  garden 

Herbaceous  wjrder 

Iris  reticulata,  disease  of 

Jasminura  Sambac,  a 
fasciated  


Lettuces    

Liliums      

Lobelia  subnuda 

Maples,  Japanese 
National  Chrysanthemum 

Society 

Orchid  notes        

Palms,  garden     

Plants    and    their     cul- 

Potato  scab  

Royal  Horticultural    So- 

Societieg  : — 

Crystal  Palace  Fruit ... 

National  Dahlia 

Newcastle-on-Tyne '    ... 

Royal  Caledonian 

Trees  and  shrubs 

Vegetation,  chemistry  of 

Veronic 

Weather,  the 


iLLUSTRATtONS. 


Agave  Henriquesii 
Fuchsia,  aspecimen 

Lobelia  subnuda     

Maples,  group  of  ornamental 


Now  ready,  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

TSU    GARDENEBS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.— All  Numbers 
of  the  "  Gardeners'  Chronicle  "from  January  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 

NATIONAL         CHRYSANTHEMUM 
SOCIETY,  Royal  Aquarium,  Westminster,  S.W. 
EARLY   CHRYSANTHEMUM.    DAHLIA,  and  GLADIOLUS 
EXHIBITION,  SEPT.  14  and  15.      Schedules  free  on  appli- 
cation.   The  Floral  Committee  will  meet  Sept.  14,  Oct.  12  and 
26,  Nov.  9  and  23.  and  Dec.  7.     Medals  are  offered  for  competi- 
tion at  each  Meeting  for  New  Chrysanthemums.    See  Schedule. 
WILLIAM  HOLMES,  Hon.  Sec. 
Erampton  Park  Nurseries,  Hackney,  E. 

ROYAL     JUBILEE     EXHIBITION, 
Manchester. 

A  GRAND  EXHIBmON  of  FRUITS  and  FLOWERS  will 
be  held  on  SEPTEMBER  16  and  17.  For  Schedules,  apply  to  the 

Royal  Botijiical  Gardens,  Manchester.  BRUCE  FINDLAY. 

SPECIAL   OFFER  to  the  English  Trade  of 
100,000  INDIAN  AZALEAS,  from  60s.,  70s.,  80s.,  100s., 
120s.,  to  200s.  per  100. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  GHENT  AZALEAS,  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, CAMELLIAS,  FERNS,  PALMS,  for  Table  and  Gen- 
eral Decoration.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA,  SPIKJEAS, 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  and  various  other  Plants  for  forcing. 
All  at  very  moderate  charges. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application,  from 
A.  VAN  QEERT,  Continental  Nurseries,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


pARNATION,  "  PAUL  ENGLEHEART."— 

KJ  New  Crimson  Clove,  perfectly  hardy,  free  flowering,  fine 
ch  colour,  remarkably  fragrant,  requires  no  sticks.  See 
'•ardeii,  July  31,  1886  ;  August  13,  1S87.  Gilbert  Davidson. 
aving  acquired  from  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Engleheart  the  entire 

tock  of  this  fine  and  useful  border  Carnation,  is  prepared  to 
>ook  Orders  at  once.  The  stock  being  limited,  early  Orders  are 
;que3t€d.     Plants  will  be  sent  out  as  soon  as  ready,  in  strict 

rotation,  at  2s.  6rf.  each,  24s.  per  dozen. 
GILBERT    DAVIDSON,    Wemoleu,    AjmnanEord,    R.S.O., 
larmarthenshire,  S.  Wales, 


CUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

O  containing  accurate  descriptions  and  illustrations  of  the 
leading  kinds  of  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  and  Tulips,  together 
with  complete  Cultural  Instructions,  Gratis  and  post-free  to 
intending  purchasers. 

SUTTON  AND  SONS,  The:Quepn's  Seedsman,  READING. 

F      LEWIS,    Nurseryman,    The    Leylands, 
•     Derby,  has  a  few  Thousand  ADIANTUM  CUNEATUM 
to  dispose  of  out  of  60's,  extra  strong.  ISs.  per  100. 

Cash  with  order.     Price  per  llXXl  on  application. 


PALM  SEEDS.  —  Fresh  Seeds  of  Kentia 
Belmoreana,  Canterburyana  Forsteriana,  Areca  Baueri 
and  lutescens,  just  to  hand.  Lowest  quotations.  Samples 
free  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jun.,  Ereslau,  Germany. 


Hyaclntlis.  Tulips.  Crocus,  Lilies,  jic. 
p      G.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,  Haarlem, 

\J'     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE   now   ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.   SILBERRAD  iUD    SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


WINTER-FLOWERING  HEATHS,  HYE- 
MALIS  and  Others.  Good  Plants,  showing  well  for 
flower — cannot  be  surpassed — in  6  and  ti-inch  pots,  15s.  to  24s. 
per  dozen. 

JOHN  STANDISH  ixn  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 


Carnations,  Flcotees,  Cloves  and  Pinks. 

CHARLES  TURNER'S  New  and  Descriptive 
CATALOGUE  of  the  above  is  now  ready,  and  may  be 
had  free  on  application. 

The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 

BOUVARDIAS,  fine  bushy  plants,  30s. 
per  100;  CYCLAMENS,  good,  in  48's,  30s.  per  100; 
GARDENIAS,  strong  plants,  30s.  per  100;  Tree  CARNA- 
TIONS, best  sorts,  30s.  per  100— good  plants. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 

LYCHNIS    HYBRID  A.— See    Gardeners' 
chronicle,  p.  57.  The  finest  new  hardy  plant  of  the  year. 
Now  being  sent  out,  each  35.  6(f.     Seed,  per  packet,  5s. 
T.  SMITH,  Daisy  Hill  Nursery,  Newry. 


FOR  SALE,  1000  GENISTAS,  in  48-pots,  at 
£1  Is.  per  100;  1000  in  48-pots,  at  16s.  per  100;  20,000 
FERNS,  in  variety,  from  4s.  per  100 ;  2000  Maidenhair  FERNS, 
in  48-pot3,  at  £1  Is.  per  100 ;  2000  GREVILLA  ROBUSTA.  at 
£1  Is.  per  100,  in  48-pots  to  the  Trade  only.— T.  BALDWIN 
AND  SON,  Edith  Nursery,  Burchall  Road,  Leyton. 

FOR    SALE,  or   EXCHANGE,   Five  Large 
Plants  (in  splendid  health)  of  PHCE.\IX  DACTYLIFEKA 
and  LATANIA  BURBONICA.    For  particulars  apply  to 
GARDENER,  Eden  Hall,  Langwathby,  Cumberland. 

ESSRS.    GREGORY   and    EVANS, 

NimsERTMEK,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 

Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION.  SLDCUP." 

ANTED,  Cuttings  of  Vesuvius,  Pollocks, 

and  White  Bedding  GERANIUMS ;   also  Gem  CAL- 
CEOLARIAS.    Send  sample  and  lowest  price  per  1000  to 
E.  CHAMBERLAIN,  Nurseryman,  192.  Haverstock  Hill,  N.W. 

ANTED,    Cuttings    of    GERANIUMS  — 

Vesuvius,  Jacoby,  and  West  Brighton  Gem.      Price 
and  quantity  to 

C.  RADFORD,  Effingham  Nursery,  Lee,  Kent. 

ANTED,  Cuttings  of  Tricolor  and  Scarlet 

GERANIUMS. 
J.  HAYWARD.  The  Nurseries.  Chedale,  Manchester. 

To  Seedsmen. 

WANTED,  Sets  of  DRAWERS,  CUP- 
BOARDS, and  SHELVES,  suitable  for  the  Vegetable 
and  Flower  Seed  and  Bulb  Trade.  Send  full  particulars  and 
lowest  prices  to 

A.  B.  C,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 


w 


To  those  about  to  Plant  Roses,  &c. 

EAVING  andCO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant, 
will  be  happy  to  forward,  gratis  and  post-free,  their  Priced 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  choicest  new  and  old  varieties. 


OBURVENICH-BE  WINNE,  Gentbrugge, 
•     near   Ghent,    Belgium,  offers :  —  35,000    well-budded 
AZALEA     MOLLIS,    from    10—50  buds;    20,000    AZALEA 
INDICA,  of  snperior  growth,   and  for  English  use;    PALMS, 
RHODODENDKONS,  DRAC/ENAS,  and  General  Belgian  Stock. 
Ask  for  PRICE  LIST,  free  on  application. 


NEW  CHOICE  HOLLYHOCK  SEED.— To 
ensure  success  sow  at  once  from  R.  Ward's  healthy  stock 
of  fine  named  varieties.  For  over  forty  years  his  specialty,  and 
th«  raiser  of  Chater's  original  stock  of  celebrated  seedlings. 
Collections  of  twelve  named  sorts,  separate,  7s.  6rf. ;  mixed 
ditto,  5s.  per  packet ;  mixed,  from  good  strains,  2s.  %d.  per  pkt. 
Strong  healthy  plants,  best  named  kinds,  in  pots,  12s.  to  18s. 
per  dozen. 

ROBT.  WARD,  Florist,  329,  Woodbridge  Road,  Tp=;wich. 

AING'S    BULBS.  —  White   Roman  HYA- 

CINTHS.  fine  large  roots.  14s.  per  luO;  extra  large  picked 
roots,  16s.  per  100.  Paper  White  and  Double  Roman  NARCIS- 
SUS, 9s.  per  100.  Our  FLOWER  ROOTS  are  unusually  large 
and  well  ripened  this  season.     Prices  low.     All  carriage  free. 


GARDENIA    PLANTS.— Very  bushy,  good 
colour,  showing  flower-bud,  and  absolutely  cleau,   in 
5  and  &-inch  pots,  21s.  to  30s.  per  dozen. 

JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO.,  Roval  Nurseries,  Ascot. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY,— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  largs 
buyers.     Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania      borbonica,      Seaforthia      elegans, 
Chameerops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill.  Loudon,  N. 

Camellias.  Azaleas,  Rhododendrons.  Palms,  Orchldv, 

Slc.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,        Nubsebyman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C, 

Dutch  and  other  Bulbs. 
pHARLES    TURNER'S     CATALOGUE    is 

\j  now  ready.  The  first  consignment  is  to  hand,  in  excel- 
lent condition.  The  new  Ro^e,  Fruit  Tree,  and  Coniferae 
CATALOGUE  is  in  the  press. 

The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 

REE  FERNS,  ALSOPHILA  AUSTRALIS. 

— Fine  Plants,  in  tubs,  with  2^  to  4  feet  stems,  to  offer  at 
moderate  prices. 

EDWARD  SANG  AXD  SONS,  Nurserymen,  Kirkcaldy. 

FOR    SALE,    CAMELLIA    TREES:     three 
about  6  feet  high,  in  boxes,  and  two  in  pots,  3  to  4  feet 
high— Red, White,  and  Pink,  fine,  bushy  and  healthy.  Apply  to 
GARDENER,  Alice  Holt.  "       ' 


r  Farnham. 


Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dvson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS— "  PTERIS,"  LONDON. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3rf.— W.  LOVEL  AMD  SON.  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield, 


298 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septejibes  10,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 


Every  Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday. 

DUTCH    BULBS.  —  GRE.\T    UNRESERVED    SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Snle  Rooms, 
67  and  68.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, and  SATURDAY,  at  halt-past  11  o'clock  precisely, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quality,  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

The  Great  Annual  Trade  Sales  of  Greenhouse  Plants. 
Important  to  Nurserymen  and  Florists. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  call  ntteutioo  to  the  following  SALES,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  add  the  names  and  addresses  of  intending 
purchasers  who  may  de.sire  to  receive  Catalogues,  which  will 
be  forwarded  free  of  expense. 

Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C.,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Upper  Edmonton. 

The  SECOND  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  30.000  splendidly 
grown  GREENHOUSE  and  other  PLANTS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  H.  B.  May  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  the  Dysons  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton 
(about  3  minutes'  walk  from  Angel  Rond,  and  y  minutes'  from 
Silver  Street  Railway  Stations,  G.E.R.).  on  MONDAY,  Sep- 
tember 12,  at  11  o'clock  punctually,  30.000  GREENHOUSE 
and  STOVE  PLANTS,  remarkably  weU-grown,  and  in  the 
best  possible  condition,  comprising  : — 


10,000  Tree    Carnations, 
best  varieties 
2.000  Tea  Roses 
2,000  Variegated  Ivies 
4.000  Miscellaneous  Plants 
May  L 


the 


1,000  Ampelopsis  Veitchii 
ftOO  Clematis 
10,000  Ferns  of  sorts,  including 
Pteris  cretica  Mayii 
1,000  Azaleas,  Fielder'sWhite 
ewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
',  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheap- 
side,  London,  E.C. ;  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Lee.  Kent,  S.E. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE,  to 

11  o'clock  in  consequence  of  the  large  number  of  lots. 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Messrs.  B.  Mailer  &  Sons  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises.  The  Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries, 
Lee,   S.E.,   adjoining    the    Railway    Station,   on    TUESDAY, 
September  13,  at  11  o'clock  punctually  -without  reserve. 
25,000    WINTER  BLOOMING  HEATHS, 


beautifully  grown  and  remarkably 
including — 
15,000  Erica  hyemali 
5,000  Erica  gracilis 
Large  quantities  of 

melaiithcra  ventri 

persj. 


Cav 


idi>hii 


id  otlier  best  kinds 
A  lar^e  quantity  of  small  Erica 

hyeraalisfor  growing  on 
8000    Solanum    capsicastrum, 

in  berry  [double 

6000  Bouvardias,    single   and 
2000  Genistas,  very  fine 
Cyclamen  persicum 
2000  Adiantum  cuneatum 
Alsophila  australis,  in  24's  and 

16'8  pots 


yell  set  with  bloom-buds, 

3000  Loraaria  gibba.  true,  com- 
pact variety,  and  other  Ferns 

500  Epacris,  well-grown 

Borouia  megastigma 

Quantity  of  extra  strong 
Marechal  Niel  and  other  '1  ea 
Ro^^es 

Grevillea  robu^ta 

Palms 

Ficus  elastica 

Greenhouse  Passion-flower* 

Poinsettias 

Ampelopsis  Veitchii 

Stephanotis 

A  ftne  lot  of  the  new  white 
Plumbago  capensis. 


Large  Gardenias  for  cutting 
Beautifully  coloured  Crotons.  Sec 
May  be  viewed.    Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises,  o 


N.B.— Messrs.  P.  Sl  M.  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  intend- 
ing Purchasers  to  the  stock  to  be  offered  as  above.  The  plants 
are  remarkably  well  grown,  fit  for  immediate  sale,  and  the 
whole  will  be  found  in  an  equally  good  condition  aa  former  years. 


Lea  Bridge  Road  Nurseries,  Leyton. 


MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  John  Fraser  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION on  the  Premi«p<),  The  Lps  Bridge  Road  Nurseries, 
Leyton,  E.  {-.y  f.-w  nnmn.-.'  w.ilk  frniu  the  Hoe  Street  Station, 
G.E,R.),on  U  I  l^M  l'\  ,  .  -^.  i.r.  -i!h  r  1-1,  at  11  o'clock  pre- 
cisely, in  ccui-  '  i:iil"-r  of  lots,  a  fine  assort- 
ment of  WIN  1  1  M  '  "  ■  1 1  Ml  \  I  MS,  including  hyemalis 
and  others  ;  I.il"  j;  .m  i  -  ■;  <  w  I, AMEN,  Eraser's  superb 
strain  ;  BOl'VAHlJl -VS.  SttLANUMS,  splendidly  berried  ; 
GENISTAS.  Tree  CARNATIONS,  LAPAGERIAS,  CLEMATIS 
indivifia,  lobata.  and  other  greenhouse  climbers;  ROSES, 
including  Marechal  Niel,  W.  A.  Richardson,  of  extra  size,  and 
a  variety  of  Tea-scented  and  Hybrid  Perpetuals  ;  Clematis 
Jackmanni,  and  other  fine  sorts;  Ampelopsis  Veitchii,  varie- 
gated and  other  Ivies;  Pa.ssion-rtowers,  Jasmines,  and  other 
hardy  climbers.  A  good  collection  of  Hollyhocks  and  several 
thout^nds  of  young  ilcaths,  and  Genistas  for  growing  on. 


May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Tottenham,  N. 
GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER  FLOWERING 
HEATHS,  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS.  &c.,  to 
commence  punctually  at  11  o'Clock,  there  being  upwards 
of  1200  lots. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  the  Executors  of  the  late  Mr.  John  Mailer 
toSELLby  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Brunswick  Nur- 
sery. Tottenham  (close  to  White  Hart  Lane  Station,  G.E.R.). 
on  THURSDAY,  September  15,  at  U  o'Clock  precisely,  without 

10,000  Winter-blooming  HEATHS— including  hyemalis,  graci- 
lis, caffra,  Wilmorea,  and  others. 
5.000  SOLANUMS— well  berried. 
5,000  FERNS— Adiantums.  Pteris.  &c. 
3.000  Tree  CARNATIONS,  leading  varieties. 
5.000  BOUVARDIAS. 
3,000  GENISTAS. 
1,000  Double  White  PRIMULAS. 
1.000  Stove  and  Greenhouse  CLIMBERS. 

DIPLADENIAS  of  sorta,    ALLAMANDAS.  BOUGAIN- 
VILLEAS.  STEPHANOTIS,  TACSONIAS. 
1,000  PASSIFLORAS,  and  AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHU. 

500  CROTONS  and  DRACENAS,  beautifully  coloured. 
1,000  PALMS,  FICUS.  &c. 

Large. AZALEAS  and  CAMELLIAS  for  cutting    from. 
Many  thousands  of  small  ERICAS  ;  and  a  collection  of 
other  useful  Stock. 
May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
or  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  E.G.,  and  Ley- 
tonstone. E. 

N.B.— The  whole  of  the  Stock  is  in  first-rate  condition,  the 
Ericas  being  especially  well  set  for  (lowers. 


Sidcup.  Kent,  S.E. 

SIXTH  GREAT  ANNUAL  TRADE  SALE  of  WINTER- 
FLOWERING  HEATHS,  ROSES,  and  OTHER  PLANTS, 
forming  one  of  the  finest  and  largest  Collections  ever  sub- 
milted  to  the  public  in  a  single  day.  The  stock  of  Heaths 
is  unrivalled  (without  doubt  the  finest  lot  ever  offered  by 
Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans),  the  plants  being  particularly 
well-grown,  oeautifuUy  set  with  flower,  and  worthy  of  in- 
spection by  intending  purchasers. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Messrs.  Gregory  &  Evans  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Longlands  Nursery,  Sidcup 
(ten  minutes'  walk  from  Pope  Street  Station,  South-Eastern 
Railway),  on  FRIDAY.  September  16,  at  11  o'clock  precisely, 
in  consequence  of  the  unusually  large  number  of  1600  lots,  and 
enormous  quantity  of  exceedingly  well-grown  Winter-blooming 
HEATHS  and  other  PLANTS,  which  are  unsurpassed  in  the 
Trade.  To  convey  some  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  Stock, 
the  following  quantities  may  be  mentioned  ;^ 
.30,000  ERICA  HYEMALIS 


10,000 
6,000 
6,000 
2,000 
2,000 
2,000 


CAVENDISHII 
MAGNIFICA 
COCCINEA  MINOR 
8,000  BOUVARDIAS.  of  sorts 
7,000  SOLANUM.S,  well  berried 
8,000  CYCLAMEN,  line  plants,  I 
strain 


3,000  Doriir.K 
2,000  (n;i:\ii,i 

1,000  AMII  I." 
10,000   RUSKS,  j; 


Thousands  of  small  HEATHS  and  GENISTAS  tor  growing  on. 
The  stock  is  now  arranged  for  sale,  and  may  be  viewed. 
Catalogues  maybe  had  on  the  Premises;  and  of  the  Auctit 


ally  for  this  Sale.  4  feet  i 


and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Ley 


.  E. 


Lewisbam,  S.E. 

UrPORTANT  TRADE  SALE  of  PALMS,  FERNS.  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
have  received  instructions  from  Mr.  R.  Bullen  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Woodlands  Nursery, 
Lewish,am,  S.E.,  on  SATURDAY,  September  17,  at  11  o'clock 
precisely,  an  immense  quantity  of  remarkably  well-grown 
STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  including  the  following 
Engl"  h  g  0  n  Palm  'n  perfe  t  h  alth  and  ondtion,  in  32's. 
48  and  60  ab  ut  4000  Latan  a  ba  b  n  a  2000  Seaforthia 
el  0  A         B  u        sap  da  and  lut       n      600  Kentia 

F    t  \    Halm    eana        0    t  W    ddelliana,    600 

Co  )pl  t    1      lOOOPhocnx    up      la   1000  P  canariensis, 

&         00    A 1      t    n  t  ra    1     0  A    de  0  um,  1000  Pteris 

t    m   !      1  a  d  a  1  rge  number 

of  th    f  11  I  Poljp  d  um  aureum, 

Gjm  t  ta    Cy  tomium  fal- 

tu  n        i  qu  ntities  of  Tree 

C        t  1  11  p  t      Gardenias, 

El  1^  1      t      0  A    1        r    Id     s  Wh  t    and  indica 

alb  i         4      a  d  16  3 

Tl     St    k  ma    no     b  ed     Catalo  u     had  on  the  Pre- 

m  d  of  th     Au  t  one         67  and  68    Ch  apside,  E.C, 

L  jt  n  t  n     E 


Friday  Next. 

V.iNDA  SANDERIANA,  grand  importation  just  to  hand,  in 
superb  order. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G., 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT.  September  16.  at  half  past  12  o'Clock,  pre- 
ci.sely,  the  best  importation  which  as  yet  has  reached  this  country, 
of  Vanda  Sanderiana.  It  is  undoubtedly  the  finest  introduction 
of  late  years,  and  unquestionably  the  most  superb  Vanda 
known.  The  plants  and  masses  are  in  the  very  best  possible 
condition.  It  is  extremely  difficult  to  import,  but  the  present 
consignment  came  home  under  the  personal  care  of  Mr.  Micho- 
litz,  tlie  collector,  hence  the  fine  condition  of  the  plants. 

At  the  same  time  will  be  offered  a  sp^-cially  fine  lot  of 
LiELIA  AUTUMNALIS,  with  distinct  looking  bulbs;  ODON- 
TOGLOSSUM  CITROSMUM.  good  ma-ssew;  EPIDENDRUM 
NEMORALE,  E.  ERUBESCENS,  0NCIDIt7M  MICROPAGON. 
CATTLEYA  SCHOFIELDIANA,  C.  GRANULOSA,  and  many 
Other  valuable  Orchids. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Forest  Gate. 

Excellent  opening  for  small  Capitalists.    Almost  without 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Billings  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  Premises,  the  Nursery,  Upton  Lane,  Forest  Gate,  on 
MONDAY,  September  19,  at  12  oClock  precisely,  the  BENE- 
FICIAL INTEREST  in  the  LEASE  of  the  NURSERY,  with 
6  Greenhouses,  Cottage,  and  1  Acre  of  Land,  subject  to  the 
very  low  rent  of  dE30  per  annum.  Also  in  suitable  lots  the 
whole  of  the  well-grown  stock  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS,  comprising  1000  Maidenhair  Ferns,  2000  Bouvardia.*, 
Palms,  double  Primulas,  Cyclamen,  Utensils  in  Trade,  &c. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  obtainable  on  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers.  67  and  6i*.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. : 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Without  Reserve.-St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 

Adjoining  Lord's  Crickt-t  Oround,  and  ."i  minutes'  walk  from 
St.  John's  Wood  Station. 

TWO  DAYS'  UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE  (instead  of 
one  day  as  announced  last  week),  by  order  of  Messrs.  E.  G. 
Henderson  &  -Son  and  Messrs;  Hooper  &  Co.,  Limited, 
of  the  whole  of  the  GLASS  ERECTIONS,  and  otherTRADE 
BUILDINGS.  BRICKWORK.  HOT-WATER  PIPING, 
STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  and  SUNDRIES,  the 
land  being  required  immediately  by  the  Committee  of  the 
Marvlebone  Cricket  Club  for  the  extension  of  their  grounds. 

MESSRS.  TROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Welling- 
ton Nursery,  St.  John's  Wood.  N.W.  (entrance  from  Wellington 
Place),  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY,  September  20  and  21, 
at  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  the  erections  of  11  GREEN- 
HOUSES, containing  about  15.000  superficial  feet,  numerous 
PITS,  .=.000  feel  of  HOT-WATER  PIPING,  several  PITS,  660 
GLAZED  LIGHTS,  Slate-slab  STAGING,  CISTERNS,  thou- 
sands of  BRICKS,  a  quantity  of  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  consisting  of  1000  English-grown 
Camellias,  1000  Decorative  Plants,  3000  Ferns,  in  variety ;  also 
the  Surplus  Stock  of  Horticultural  SUNDRIES,  including 
China  Wreaths,  Crosses,  Dried  Flowers,  and  numerous  other 
effects. 

May  be  viewed  the  Saturday  and  Monday  prior  to  the  Sale. 
Catalogues  can  be  obtained  on  the  Premises,  or  at  the  Pine- 
apple Nursery,  Maida  Vale.  W.;  and  of  the  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone. 


West  Cholderton. 

3  miles  from  Grately  Station,  S.W.K..  and  within  10  miles  of 

Salisbury  and  .\ndover. 
SALE    of    the    collection    of    STOVE    and    GREENHOUSE 

PLANTS,  formerly  the  property  of  the  late  Mrs.  Paxton. 

Without  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  W.  A.  Paxton,  Esq.,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  adjoining  Cholderton  House, 
West  Cholderton,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY',  Seplember  27,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely,  the  collection  of  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  100  AZALEA  &IDICA,  including 
several  fine  specimens  ;  7  splendid  specimen  AGAPANTHUS,  a 
few  ORCHIDS,  GARDEN  ROLLER,  MOWING  MACHINES, 
and  other  UTENSILS. 

May  be  viewed  anv  day  on  application  to  the  GARDENER. 
Catalogues  had  at  the  Post-olfice,  West  Cholderton;  and  of 
the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 
an<l  Leytonstone,  E. 

Orciilds  in  Flower.    Special  Sale.    Tuesday,  Sept.  27; 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
desire  to  announce   that    their  next  special  sale   of 
ORCHIDS  will  take  place  as  above,  tor  which  they  will  be  glad 
to  receive  notice  of  Entries  as  early  as  possible. 
Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Nursery  Stock  Sales. 
llfESSRS.     PROTIIKF.OE     and     MORRIS 

I-tX  desire  to  anuoniir-' tti:d,  tlu'V  are  now  arranging  their 
SALES  of  NURSERY  S'l'ocK,  for  the  coming  season,  and  they 
will  be  pleased  to  receive  the  mimes  of  intending  Purchasers 
who  may  wish  to  receive  CATjliOGUES. 

Auction  Rooms  and  Estate   Offices,   67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C. 

Tuesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7468.) 
SPECIAL   TRADE  SALE   OP   DUTCH  BULBS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden.  W.C,  on  TUESD.iY  September  13.  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  660  lots  of  first-class  DUTCH  BULBS,  in 
great  variety,  and  specially  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  other 
large  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


■Wednesday  Nejct.— (Sale  No.  7480.) 

400  choice  named  INDI.IN  AZALEAS,  well  set  with  buds, 

direct  from  Ghent. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  the  above 
in  his  SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.  on  WEDNESDAY,  September  14, 
at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7479.) 
Extensive  Importations  of  Orchids,  received  direct. 

MR.    J.    C.    STEVENS   will   include   in  his 
SALE  bv  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Booms,   38,   King 
Str.'et,  Covent  linrdcn.W. Con  WEDNESD.VY.SeptemberU.at 

I, ,,11;,,,.^  1'  M-i  :,,!,  |.-,  .1..  ;i .  i:;  .,!-.■.  ..f  c-iTTLEYAS,  &c.. 


I  of 


I.I.l'MS,  and  many 
..Kues  had. 


Wednesday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7479.) 
SPECIAL  SALE  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Gar- 
den. London,  E.C,  on  WEDNESDAY.  September  14,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  lot  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER 
and    BUD    from  various    collections,  including  many  choice , 

On  view  the  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


September  10,  1887.] 


TEE    GARDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


299 


Thursday  Next.-(Sale  No.  7481.) 

VALUABLE     IMPORTED     ORCHIDS. 
DENDROBIUM  PROFUSUM. 
PHALJENOPSIS  SANDERIANA. 

,.    SCHILLERIANA.  „„,„,.„„„. 

CffiLOOYNE  DAVANA  and  C.  TOMENTOSA. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Greot  Rooms.  38.  King  Street.  Covent 
Garden  W.C,  on  THURSDAY.  September  15.  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  very  fine 
importations  of  the  above  very  fine  ORCHIDS,  together  with  a 
ouantity  of  MEXICAN  ORCHIDS,  in  extra  condition,  com- 
prising a  fine  lot  of  Cattleya  citrina,  Barkeria  species,  Odon- 
toglossum  Londesboroughianum ;  also  a  fine  lot  of  Lrelia 
purpurata,  Cattleya  Dowiana,  the  rare  and  handsome  Pilumna 
nobilis,  Comparettia  falcata,  Laslia  harpophylla,  Oncidium 
sarcodes,  Odontoglossum  Schleiperianum,  Cattleya  guttata, 
and  various  Oncidiums  from  the  Brazils,  in  excellent  condition, 
and  many  other  choice  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

The  CoUeotion  of  Orodlds  formed  by 

Dr.  Ward,  of  Southampton. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions 
from  Dr.  Ward,  of  Southampton,  who,  on  account  of  ill- 
health,  is  giving  up  the  growing  of  Orchids,  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  hisGreat  Rooms.  38.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden. W.C, 
without  Reserve,  on  THURSDAY.  September  22,  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  his  entire  COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS, 
which  he  has  been  forming  during  the  last  fifty  years,  including, 
among  many  other  fine  things,  Cattleya  labiata  (true  old 
autumn-flowering  variety),  C.  Backhousinna,  L«lia  Dayann 
alba.  L.  anceps  alba.  Ccelogyne  cristata  Lemoniana.  Odonto- 
gloasum  najvium  majus,  Miisdevallia  Bull's  blood.  &c. 


On  I 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Bulba— Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Room5.3S,KingStreet,  Covent  Garden,  W.C, 
every  MONDAY.  WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  First-class 
BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


w 


To  Gentlemen,  Gardeners,  Florists,  &c. 
ANTED,  TO  KENT,  for  Market  purposes, 

GARDEN,  with  Glasshouses.— Address  particulars  to 
A.  E.,  2.  Howard  Street,  Oxford. 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOR    SALE,    with     Immediate     Posession, 
GREENHOUSES,  all  fitted  with  4  inch  Hot-water  Pipes, 
Potting  Shed,   and  Trade    Utensils.      Situated  in  a  first-class 
position  for  Business,  with  Walled-in  Garden  and  water  laid  on. 
Ground  rent  £32.    Lease  14  years.    Price  £275.    A  bargain. 
Apply  WHITE.  High  Street,  Sittingbourne- 

SMALL  NURSERY.— .5000  feet  of  Glass, 
5  miles  from  Manchester.  Stock,  all  complete.  Verv 
cheap.— J..  Gardeners'  Chrmicle  Office,  41,  WelUngton  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 


London,  S.E. 
A     SMALL   WELL-ESTABL:SHED  NUR- 

x\.  SERY  and  FLORIST  BUSINESS,  «-ith  7  Greenhouses 
and  good  Residence  in  a  capital  situation  TO  BE  SOLD,  or  a 
WORKING  PARTNER  with  Small  Capital  could  be  treated 
with,    .\pplv  to  ,,   „  ,, 

Mr.  G.  L.ANE,  Surveyor.  2."i.  Elam  Street,  Camberwell.  S.E. 

To  Florists,  &c. 

TO   BE    LET   or   SOLD,  on   Bexley  Heath, 
Eight  new  GREENHOUSES.  200  by  12  and  15  feet,  now 
planted  with  Tomatos.     Room  to  erect  niore._  Apply, 


W.  G.  BAILEY.  Florist.  The  Nc 


1,  Bexley.  Kent. 


To  Market  Gardeners  and  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  about  13^  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plaistow,  situated  in  the  Prince  Regent's 
Lane,  and  close  to  the  Barking  Road.    For  particulars  apply  to 
Messrs.  CLUTTON,  9.  Whitehall  Place,  S.W. 


BMALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown  stock 
of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties),  EPACRIS,  SOLA- 
NU.MS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMENS,  BOUVAEDIAS,  ADIAN- 
TU.M  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDENIAS,  STE- 
PHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  CROTONS,  GREVILLEAS, 
VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade  CATA- 
LOGUES forwarded  on  application. 

The  ANNUAL  SALE  by  AUCTION  wiU  be  held  EARLY  IN 
SEPTEMBER. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.E. 


;"^txv-^\v^k! 


FREE  BY  POST  OR^AI L 

PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  FREE 

JamesDmson&Sons 

NEWTON"  NURSERlESVurcTpR 
I08EASTCATES!  jiMM 


NEW 


TERRA      COTTA     CARNATION, 
MRS.    REYNOLDS    HOLE. 

(Syn.  GRAVETYE   GEM.) 


"  JAMES    DICKSON    &    SONS  " 

Have  the  honour  of  offering  this  sterling  novelty.  It  is  a  very  hardy  and  vigorous  border 
Carnation,  extremely  floriferous,  and  of  an  entirely  new  colour,  and  has  been  awarded  First-class 
Certificates  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  The  Manchester  Royal  Botanical  Society,  and  the 
Liverpool  Horticultural  Association. 

Price  of  Plants— 2s.  6d.  each,  24s.  per  dozen. 

Descriptive  CATALOG Ui:  of  same,  also  CAT.iLOGUES  of  J.  E.  ^-  Sons'  unequalled 

Nursery  Stocl:,  Post-free  on  application. 

''  NEWTON  "     NURSERIES,     CHESTER. 

FRIDAY    NEXT. 

VAN  DA      SANDERIANA. 

A  Grand  Importation,  just  to  hand,  in  mperb  order. 

MESSES.  PROTHEEOE  and  MOEEIS  are  instructed  by  Mr. 
F.  Sander,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside, 
London,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  16,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  the  best  importa- 
tion which  as  yet  has  reached  this  country  of  Vanda  Sanderiana.  It  is  undoubtedly  the  finest  intro- 
duction of  late  years,  and  unquestionably  the  most  superb  Vanda  known.  The  plants  and  masses  are 
in  the  very  best  possible  condition.  It  is  extremely  difficult  to  import,  but  the  present  consignment 
came  home  under  the  personal  care  of  Mr.  Micholitz,  the  collector,  hence  the  fine  condition  of 
the  plants. 

At  the  same  time  will  be  offered  a  specially  fine  lot  of  L/ELIA  AUTUMNALIS,  with  distinct 
looking  bulbs  ;  ODONTOGLOSSUM  CITROSMUM,  good  masses ;  EPIDENDRUM  NEMORALE, 
E.  ERUBESCENS,  ONCIDIUM  MICROPAGON,  CATTLEYA  SCHOFIELDIANA,  C. 
GRANULOSA,  and  many  other  valuable  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had, 


GARDENERS'  ORPHAN  FUND. 

Donations  and  Subscriptions 
promised  or  sent. 

SEVENTH     LIST. 


Schroder.  Baron.  The  Dell.  Egham  ... 
Rothflcliild.  Baron  Ferdinand,  M.P.  ... 
Wilson,    G.    F.,    Heatherbank,    Wey- 

bridge  Heath 

Williams,  B.  S..  The  Nurseries,  Upper 

Holloway,  N 

Williams,    H.,    The   Nurseries,    Upper 

HuUoway,  N 

Dickson,    Brown    &   Tail,    43  and  4.5, 

Corporation  Street,  Manchester  ... 
Abbey,  G.,  Porter's  Gardens,  Shenley, 

Barnet 

Adams,  H.,  The  Gardens,  Basing  Park, 

Alton.  Hants 

Allen,  R.,  Ashwicken  Rectory  Gardens, 

King's  Lynn 

Anning,  J.,  Gardnr.,  Digswell,  Welwyn 
Barnes,   F.,    The    Gardens,    Highclere 

Castle,  Newbury       

Barr,  P.,  12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden 
Baukett.  G.,   Gardener,  Easting  Park, 

Godalming       

Beddome,  Colonel,  Sispara,  West  Hill, 

Putney  

Bedford,  .I.G.,  Gardener,  Newton  Park, 

Burton-on-Trent         

Blick,  A.,  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 

South  Kensington      

Blundell,  James,  The  Nurseries,  West 

Dulwich.S.E 

Brunton.H.,Gr.,ThirklebyPark,Thirsk 
Burton.  J.  E.,  Rodboro'  Manor  Gardens. 

Stroud 

Bury.  J.,  The  Gardens,  Abberley  Hall. 

Stourport         

Campbell,    D.,    Gardener,    The  Priory, 

Koehampton,  S.W 

Carter,    H..   The  Gardens,   Down  Hill, 

Coleraine  

Cook,  A.,  The  Gardens.  Sandringham... 
Cook,  G.,  The  Home  Farm,  Quorndon, 

Loughborough  

Cornish,  B..  Gr.,The  Shrubbery.  Enfield 
Cowan.  B.,  The  Cemetery,  South  Shields 
Dance.  E.  W.,  Gardener,  Gostield  Hall. 

Halbtead,  Essex         

Davidson,   J.,    Royal  Exotic  Nursery. 

Chelsea 

Davies,      Mrs.,      Whitford     Vicarage. 

Holywell,  North  Wales       

Davies,    T.,     Gardener,    Wepre    Hall, 

Flint,  North  Wales 

Dean,    A.,     Seed    Grounds,     Bedfont, 

Middlesex         

Dick,  J.  D.,  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 

South  Kensington      

Dockerill,  B.,  Gr.,  Elmhurst,  Reading 
Downie,  J.,  Beechill  Nurseries,  Murray- 
field,  Edinburgh         

Dunkin,  H.,    The  Gardens,    Longford 

Castle,  Salisbury       

Ellam,  J.,  Gard.,  Clivedon,  Maidenhead 
Ellis,    J.,    The    Gardens,    Bank    Hall, 

Burnley 

Fell,  W..  &  Co,,  Hexham.  Newcastle  ... 
Field,    T.  B..    Gardener,   Stanley  Hall, 

Bridgnorth       

Fox,  W.,  Gardener.  Holker  Hall.Clark- 

in-Cartmell,  Camforth         

Gillett.  A.,  The  Gardens,  Basing  Park, 

Alton,  Hants 

Goldring.   W..    52,    Gloucester  Road, 

Kew.  Surrey 

Howard,  G.,  The  Gardens,  Lyme  Hall, 

Stockport  

Howe,  C,  Gr.,  Benham  Park.  Newbury 
Jackson,  J.  W.,  Gardener,  Fleet  Rectory. 

Holbeach  

Jones.  T.,  Ribston  Gardens,  Wetherby, 

Yorkshire         

"        ""  Forest 


Lain?, 

Hill,  S.E 

Laing,    J.    H.,   The   Nurseries,    Forest 

Hill.  S.E 

Lawrence,   G.,    The  Gardens,    Bettes- 

hanger,  Sandwich     

Lee.  .John.  78.  Warwick  Gardens,  Ken- 
sington, W 

Lockwood,    B.,    Gardener,   Low  Hills, 

Lindley,  Yorkshire 

Love,  J.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Bank  Hall. 

Burnley  

Lovel  &  Son,  W.,  Driffield,  Yorkshire... 
Miller,   W.,   Gardener,    Combe  Abbey, 

Coventry         

Moore,     J.,     Gardener,    Bray    Court, 

Maidenhead 

Palmer,  A.,  East  Thorpe,  Reading  ... 
Pearson,    C.    E.,   The   Nurseries,   Chil- 

well,  Notts      

Pidgeon,    A.,    The   Gardens,    Henwick 

Grange,  Worcester 


5     .5     0 
5    0     0 


10  10     0 
1     1     0 


1     1     0 
0     5     0 


0     5     0 
0    2    6 


110 
10    0 

1  "i     0 

2  0    0 


0  10    0 

1  0    0 
10    0 

0  5     0 

1  10 


0     6    0 
0  10     0 


0  10  0 
U  6  0 
0    5    0 


0  10 
0  10 


10    0 
0     5    0 


0    2  6 

0    5  0 

0  10  0 

0  10  0 

0  5  0 

1  1  0 
0  2  6 
0    2  6 


I-urther  Do'tations  and  .SiibscrtDtiovis  will  be  thankfxilh/ 
received  by 

A.  F.  BARRON.  Honorary  Secretary, 

ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    SOCIETY'S    GARDENS 
CHISWICK,  LONDON,  W. 


300 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[.September  10,  1887. 


FLORISTS' 
FLOWERS. 

Strcng  transplanted  seedlings,  from  our  magnificent 
strains.— Post-free. 

Per  dozen — e 

AURICULAS,  Alpine,  very  choice        i 

PRIMULAS,  choicest  red...  i    ,  ,  „    .  .       ^    (      I 

„l,ite        J-  beautitnlly  fringed   ^      , 

„    „    miied       per  100.  10s.  W.  I 

,,    „    ,,    extra  strong i 

,,    Crimson  King,  magnificent  colour,  fineplants...  c 

,,    Queen  of  Whites,  superb  variety ^ 

CINERARIAS,  splendid  strain    ...       per  100,  lOJ.  6ii.  1 

CALCEOLARIAS,  herbaceous,  beautiful  strain        ...  S 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  very  choice,  from 

stage  flowers,  mixed ...  1 

PRIMROSES,  splendid  hybrids  ...      per  100.  10s.  6.;.  1 

POLYANTHUS.  Gold-lnced.  tine  per  liXi,  7s.  id.  1 


DANIELS   BROS., 

TOWN     CLOSE     NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


15,000  TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LEADING  VARIETIES, 

Fine  plants,  in  5^  and  6-inch  pots.  12s.,  155.,  and  ISs.  per  dozen, 

according  to  size. 

The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 

anv  in  the  countrv.    LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 

application.        pV  ..^  ^^  „^^  .p^^j^  ^^  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN    COWAN),    Limited, 
THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSEIUES,  GARSTON, 

NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


4iGisoN^ 


APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS, 

CHERRIES, 
APRICOTS,  PEACHES, 

And  other  FRUIT  TREES, 

in  full  liearinij. 

Now  Is  the  time  to  select. 

/  A'  a  p  E  CT  J  o  ^-     J  X  y  J  TE  n. 

LISTS  Post-free. 


ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18s.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 

"  SIR         WATKIN  " 

IS  THE  BEST  OF  ALL  THE  NARCISSI. 

Priced  CIRCULAR  (No.  334J  of  this  and 

all  other  Narcissi  post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     &     SONS, 

NEWTON  NURSERIES,  CHESTER. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Mushroom  Spawn, 

Per  bushel  of  14  cakes,  ."Ss. 

6rf. ;    per  cake,    free  by 


Victoria  and  Paradise 

Nurseries, 
Upper  Holloway,  London,  N. 


VEITCH'S    BULBS 

FOR 

Early  Forcing. 

READY  FOR  IMMEDIATE  POTTING. 


EARLY  WHITE  ROMAN   HYACINTHS, 

MAGNIFICENT    BULBS.    OF    FINEST    QUALITY, 
15s.  per  100,    140.«.  per  1000. 

EARLY  PAPER-WHITE  NARCISSUS, 

8s.  per  100,    Is.  6d.  per  dozen. 

NEW  LARGE-FLOWERED  PAPER-WHITE 
NARCISSUS, 

EARLIER,    LARGER,    AND    FREERFLOWERINQ 

THAN    THE    OLD    VARIETY, 

12?.  6rf.  per  100,    Is.  Of?,  per  dozen. 

EARLY  DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS, 

8s.  per  100,    Is.  Gd.  per  dozen. 


For  other  Bulbs  for  Forcing,  Pot  Culture,  or 

Planting,   see   CATALOGUE,  forwarded  gratis 

and  post-free  on  application. 


JAMES  VEITCH  &  SONS, 

ROYALEXOTICNURSERY,CHELSEA,S.W. 
STRAWBERRIES. 

strong  BooU.  4s.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots.  16.v.  per  100; 
ditto  in  large  pota.  2hs.  per  100.    Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMn'H  i.\D  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Worci-sler. 

DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

ENGLISH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

See  our   Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulbs, 

free  on  apjdication, 

allthc  best  varieties  of  HYAC 

ES,  DAFFODILS.  IRIS,  SN( 

Please  compare  our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS   &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 
IFR^FYFRUIT     TREES. 

\J  %^  l\  w  ^  ■  Carriage  Paid.  Coriions  a  specialite. 
Write  for  Illustrated  Catalogues  to  JOSHUA  LE  COKNU 
iNl>  SON,  High  View  Nurseries,  who  will  send,  carriage 
paid  for  cash  with  order,  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  fOr  21S. 
Early  orders  seciire  extra  strong  plants. 


ORCHIDS. 

AN    IMMENSE   STOCK. 

ALL    IN    FINE    CONDITION. 

INSPECTION  INVITED. 


Catalognes  free  on  application  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE    VINEYARD    k   NURSERIES, 

OABSTON,    near    LIVERPOOL. 


Daffodil  Planting, 

HARTLAND'S  Original  LITTLE  BOOK  for 
1887.  Post-free,  \s.  6d.  It  is  beautifully  Illustrated  by 
Oertrude  HarTLAND,  containing  numerous  full-aized  Draw- 
ings,  and,  as  a  Tvork  of  art,  unique.  From  the  great  demand 
W.  B.  H.  finds  himself  compelled  to  have  it  reproduced.  Please 
write  for  copy,  and  prior  to  your  sending  Daffodil  orders;  if  not 
plea.sed  your  money  will  be  refunded.  A  Duplicate  Copy,  with 
a  General  BULB  LIST,  can  be  had  free  of  cost,  and  the  Book 
itself  is  presented  gratis  with  orders  above  40s. 

WM.  BAYLOR  HABTLAND,  Seedsman,  24,  Patrick  Street, 
Cork,  Ireland. 

DUTCH    AND    OTHER 

FLOWERING    BULBS. 

Superb  qualities,  at   moderate  prices. 


Priced  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  application. 


Mr.  / 


ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  Stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursery  i«  of  Ml.  h  magnitude  that 
without  seeing  it  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception 
of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

FRUIT  TREES,  ROSES,  AZALEAS,  CAMELLIAS, 

BOU\'ARDIAS.  CYCLAMENS.   EKICAS.  EPACRIS.  PRIMU- 
LAS, SOLAJJUMS.  TREE  CARNATIONS,  and  other 

WINTER   and    SPRING   BLOOMING   PLANTS, 

Of  tine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 
ISSPECTION    ISVITKD. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  274,600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW     &    CO., 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,   E. 

SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
BHODODENDBONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descripti%'e  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 
i"iUrBUSH'S     MILL- 

\J  TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion Pnce,  Gs.  per  bushel  (.Is.  extra 
per  bushel  for  packaf^e),  or  6d.  per 
cake  ,  tree  by  parcel  post,  Ij. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  oursiguatureattached. 

WM  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseriea.  N. 


EARLY  WHITE 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

OUR  LARGE  CONSIGNMENTS 
of  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  TAPER  WHITE  NAR- 
CISSI'S, Sec,  are  to  hand  in  splendid  condition,  and 
we  have  much  pleasure  in  offering  fine  picked  Bulbs 
at  moderate  prices  as  below,  carriage  free:  — 
WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  fine  roots,  2s.  per 

dozen.  If-s.  per  UK).  140.^.  per  lUOO. 
WHITE   ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  ordinary  sized  roots, 

15.  9d.  per  dozen,  12.^.  per  luO,  1105.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,  Paper  White,  splendid  for  forcing,  l«.6d. 

per  dozen,  105.  6d.  per  100.  90s.  per  1000. 
NAKCISSUS,     Paper    WMte,    new.     large    flowered, 
splendid  variety,  much  superior  to  the  old  sort,  2s.  6d. 
per  dozen,  15s.  per  100. 
NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  fine  roots,  is.  ed.  per 
dozen,  10s.  Gd.  per  100.  90s.  per  1000. 
Our  beautifully    Illustrated    CATALOGUE    f64   pages 
imperial  size)  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips.  Narcissi.  Lilies,  Fruit 
Trees.  Roses,  &c.,  is  now  ready,  and  shouUl  be  read  by  all 
intending  purchasers  before  making  their  selection. 

DANIELS     BROS., 

ROYAL   NORFOLK    SEED    ESTABLISHMENT, 

NORWICH. 


September  10,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


301 


THOMAS  S.  WARE, 

HALE  FARM  NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

I  have  pleasure  in  annovmcing  that  the 
NEW  BULB  CATALOGUE,  in  two  parts,  is 
now  ready,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  complete 
Bulb  Catalogue  ever  published — no  Hardy  or 
Forcing  Bulb  claiming  any  real  usefulness  is 
omitted ;  the  Catalogue  is  Illustrated  with 
several  New  Engravings.  Copies  may  be  had 
upon  application. 

NARCISSUS    and    DAFFODILS, 

for  which  the  Tottenham  House  has  a  world- 
wide reputation  amongst  both  Trade  and  Retail 
Buyers,  occupy  a  considerable  portion  of  this 
Catalogue — including  an  almost  innumerable 
number  of  forms  from  the  old  popular  garden 
sorts  to  the  most  modern  hybrids,  as  well  as 
many  newly  di-icovered  varieties.  It  is  necessary 
that  Orders  for  these  should  reach  me  early, 
as  the  demand  is  very  great. 

LILIES. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remind  readers 
of  this  Journal  that  I  have  one  of  the  finest 
Collections  in  the  country,  and  this  portion  of  the 
Catalogue  will  be  found  of  special  interest  to  all 
who  delight  in  any  of  the  many  and  very  varied 
forms  of  this  interesting  family.  This  section  is 
embellished  with  many  high-class  Engravings, 
now  introduced  for  the  first  time ;  and  these, 
although  naturally  much  reduced,  give  a  most 
correct  idea  of  the  style  both  of  growth  and 
flower,  of  the  Lilies  they  illustrate. 

DUTCH     BULBS 

have  not  been  neglected  in  this  New  Catalogue, 
and  most  complete  collections  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  &c.,  occupy  several  pages. 
All  the  varieties  offered  are  tried  sorts,  and  the 
prices  in  many  cases  unusually  low. 

FORCING    BULBS 

will  be  found  fully  detailed  at  competitive  prices, 
including  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  PAPER 
WHITE  NARCISSUS,  LILY'  of  the  VALLEY', 
SPIR.^AS,  TUBEROSES,  &c. 

IRIS 

in  endless  variety,  ^'ery  extensive  collections  of 

English,  Spanish,  Siberian,   German,  Japanese, 

and  other  forms  :  my  collection  of  these  is  very 
complete. 

CALIFORNIAN,      CAPE,     AND 

MEXICAN     BULBS. 

Very  extensive  Lists  of  these,  including 
CALOCHORTUS  and  CYCLOBOTHRA, 
AMARYLLIS,  MILLAS,  NERINES,  &o. 

HELLEBORES. 

A  very  grand  Collection,  in  many  showy  use- 
ful varieties.     All  fine  home-grown  stuff. 


Catalogue  may  he  had  gratuitously  and 
post-free  upon  application. 


Thomas  S.  Ware, 

HALE    FARM    NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,    LQNPON. 


EARLY  BULBS 

AT    DUTCH    PRICES, 

To   Produce  Beautiful   White  and    Coloured 

Flowers  for    Christmas    and 

Easter  Decoration. 


WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

THE    LAEGEST    BULBS    OF    THE    YEAR. 
Price,  per  100,  14s. ;  per  dozen,  23. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS. 

Prloe,  par  lOO,  10b.  60. ;  per  dozen,  Is.  6d. 

PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  lOs.  6d. ;   per  dozen,  18.  6d. 

VAN    THOL   TULIPS,  Red  and  Yellow. 

Price,  per  100,  43.  6d. ;  per  dozen,  9d. 

LILIUM    HARRISI,  'lli^rm^ 

Price,  per  dozen,  lOs.  6d. ;     each,  Is. 

FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA. 

Price,  per  100,  158. ;  per  dozen,  2s.  6d. 
Detailed  CA  TALOG  UE  Gratis  and  Post-free. 


ALL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


CAAfk    CRIMSON   CLO^■E  (True)  for  Dis- 

0\j\j\J  posal.  Gootl  strong  L.-iyers.  12.^.  per  100,  fcrwarded 
free  for  cxsh  with  order.— GOWERS  and  E.MBEKS0>',  Comely 
Bank  Nursery.  Wiilthamstow. 


LAXTON'S  "iSOBLE"  ^XKAAVBERRY.— 
The  only  Fruit  which,  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
from  the  Eoyal  Horticultural  Society  in  the  year  ending  June, 
1887,  and  the  only  Fruit  Certificated  at  the  Society's  great 
Liverpool  Show,  July.  1886.  This  wonderfully  large,  handsome, 
and  prolific  early  Strawberry,  of  first  quality,  made  the  highest 
wholesale  price  in  Coveot  Garden  Market  during  the  past  three 
seasons.  Mr.  J.  Muir,  after  trying  and  forcing  it,  says,  *'  In 
my  opinion  the  most  extraordinary  and  valuable  Strawberry  in 
cultivation."  Particulars  of  this  and  "  Laiton'3Jubilee,"a  tine 
new  late  variety ;  see  previous  issue.=i  of  this  Paper— also  free 
on  application.     Coloured  plate  of  "  Noble,"  6rf.,  from 

THOMAS  LAXTON.  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower.  Bedford. 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE,  containing  "Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation."  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  apecies  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "List    of    New,   Rare,   and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Habdt  North  Ameeicaj*  Ferks," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOR  EARLY  FORCING. 


BOUAN  HYACINTHS,  White,  fine  selected 

roots,  2s.  per  dozen,  l.^s.  per  100. 

NABCISSTTS,  Double  Roman,  Is.  6rf.  per  doz., 

lOs.  per  100. 
„    Paper  White,  Is.  6rf.  per  dozen,  10s.  per  100. 

TULIPS,   Duo  Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

8(i.  per  dozen,  4s.  per  100. 


All  Carriage  Free.   Catalogues  Gratis  and  Foat-fTee, 


THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 
C;HAii.D,   goiieR@£:xgHi»£, 


As  a  Supplement 

TO  THE 

Gardeners'  Chronicle 

FOB 

Next  Week,  Sept.  17, 

WILL  BE 

Published    an    Ink-Photograph 

OF  THE 

Orchid  Bouquet 

Presented  to  the  Queen  of  Saxony  by 
Mr.  F.  Sander,  St.  Albans. 


SATURDAY,   SEPTEMBER   10,   1887. 


THE    CHEMISTRY    OF    VEGE- 
TATION. 

T^HE  following  extracts,  of  great  importance 
-*-  as  regards  the  culture  of  plants,  are  taken 
from  Sir  Henry  Roscoe's  recent  Presidential 
Address  to  the  British  Association  at  Man- 
chester : — 

'Ihe  phenomena  of  vegetation,  no  less  than 
those  of  the  animal  world,  have,  during  the 
last  fifty  years,  been  placed  by  the  chemist 
on  an  entirely  new  basis.  Although  before  the 
publication  of  Liebig's  celebrated  report  on 
chemistry  and  its  application  to  agriculture,  pre- 
sented to  the  British  Association  in  1840,  much 
had  been  done,  many  fundamental  facts  had  been 
established,  .still  Liebig's  report  marks  an  era  in 
the  progress  of  this  branch  of  our  science. 

As  a  proof  of  this  I  may  remind  you  of  the 
attack  which  he  made  on,  and  the  complete  vic- 
tory which  he  gained  over,  the  humus  theory. 
Vegetable  physiologists  up  to  1840  continued  to 
hold  to  the  opinion  that  humus,  or  decayed  vege- 
table matter,  was  the  only  soui-ce  of  the  carbon 
of  vegetation.  Liebig  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  it  was  absolutely  impossible  that  the  carbon 
deposited  as  vegetable  tissue  over  a  given  area,  as 
for  instance,  over  an  area  of  forest  land,  could  be 
derived  from  humus,  which  is  itself  the  result  of 
the  decay  of  vegetable  matter.  He  asserted  that 
the  whole  of  the  carbon  of  %-egetation  is  obtained 
from  the  atmospheric  carbonic  acid,  which, 
though  only  present  in  the  small  relative  propor- 
tion of  four  parts  in  10,000  of  air,  is  contained  in 
such  absolutely  large  quantity,  that  if  all  the 
vegetation  on  the  earth's  surface  were  burnt,  the 
proportion  of  carbonic  acid  which  would  thus  be 
thrown  into  the  air  would  not  be  sufficient  to 
double  the  present  amount.  That  this  con- 
clusion of  Liebig's  is  correct  needed  experimental 
proof,  but  such  proof  could  only  be  given  by 
long-continued  and  laborious  experiment,  and 
this  serves  to  show  that  chemical  research  is  not 
now  confined  to  laboratory  experiments  lasting 
perhaps  a  few  minutes,  but  that  it  has  invaded 
the  4pn)am  of  agriculture  as  well  as  of  physiologv, 


302 


tHE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  10,  1887. 


and  reckons  the  periods  of  her  observations  in  the 
field,  not  by  minutes,  but  by  years. 

The  Rothamsted  Experiments. 
It  is  to  our  English  agricultural  chemists, 
Lawes  and  Gilbert,  that  we  owe  the  complete 
experimental  proof  required.  And  it  is  true 
that  this  experiment  was  a  long  and  tedious  one, 
for  it  has  taken  forty-four  years  to  give  the 
definite  reply.  At  Rothamsted  a  plot  was  set 
apart  for  the  growth  of  Wheat.  For  forty-four 
successive  years  that  field  has  grown  Wheat 
without  addition  of  any  carbonised  manure,  so 
that  the  only  possible  source  from  which  the 
plant  could  obtain  the  carbon  for  its  growth  is 
the  atmospheric  carbonic  acid.  Now,  the  quan- 
tity of  carbon  which  on  an  average  was  removed 
in  the  form  of  Wheat  and  straw  from  a  plot 
manured  only  with  mineral  matter  was  1000  lb., 
whilst  on  another  plot,  for  which  a  nitrogenous 
manure  was  employed,  1500  lb.  more  carbon  was 
annually  removed,  or  2500  lb.  of  carbon  are 
removed  by  this  crop  annually  without  the  addi- 
tion of  any  carbonaceous  manure,  so  that  Liebig's 
prevision  has  received  a  complete  experimental 
verification. 

The  Absohption  of  Nitrogen. 
Liebig's  views  on  this  point  have  not  been  sub- 
■tantiated.  He  imagin*:;d  that  the  whole  of  the 
nitrogen  required  by  the  plant  was  derived  from 
atmospheric  ammonia,  whereas  Lawes  and  Gilbert 
have  shown  by  experiments  of  a  similar  nature  to 
those  just  described,  and  extending  over  a  nearly 
equal  length  of  time,  that  this  source  is  wholly  in- 
sufficient to  account  for  the  nitrogen  removed  in  the 
crop,  and  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
nitrogen  must  have  been  obtained  either  from  a 
store  of  nitrogenous  material  in  the  soil  or  by  absorp- 
tion of  free  nitrogen  from  the  air.  These  two  appa- 
rently contradictory  alternatives  may  perhaps  be 
reconciled  by  the  recent  obsen^ations  of  Warington 
and  Berthelot,  which  have  thrown  light  upon  the 
changes  which  the  so-called  nitrogenous  capital  of 
the  soil  undergoes,  as  well  as  upon  its  chemical 
nature,  for  the  latter  has  shown  that  under  certain 
conditions  the  soil  has  the  power  ot  absorbing  the 
nitrogen  of  the  air,  forming  compounds  which  can 
subsequently  be  assimilated  by  the  plant. 


Chemistry 


Pathology. 


In  no  direction  has  greater  progi*ess  been  made 
than  in  the  study  of  micro-organisms  in  relation  to 
health  and  disease.  In  the  complicated  chemical 
changes  to  which  we  give  the  names  of  fermentation 
and  putrefaction,  the  views  of  Liebig,  according  to 
which  these  phenomena  are  of  a  purely  chemical 
character,  have  given  way  under  the  searching 
investigations  of  Pasteur,  who  established  the  funda- 
mental principle  that  these  processes  are  inseparably 
connected  with  the  life  of  certain  low  forms  of 
organisms.  Thus  was  founded  the  science  of  bac- 
teriologv,  which,  in  Lister's  hands,  has  yielded  such 
splendid  results  in  the  treatment  of  surgical  cases ; 
and  in  those  of  Kleb,  Koch,  William  Roberts,  and 
others,  has  been  the  means  of  detecting  the  cause  of 
many  diseases  both  in  man  and  animals,  the  latest 
and  not  the  least  important  of  which  is  the  remark- 
able series  of  successful  researches  by  Pasteur  into 
the  nature  and  mode  of  cure  of  that  most  dreadful  of 
maladies,  hydrophobia.  And  here  I  may  be  allowed 
to  refer  with  satisfaction  to  the  results  of  the  labours 
on  this  subject  of  a  committee,  the  formation  of 
which  I  had  the  honour  of  moving  for  in  the  House 
of  Commons.  These  results  confirm  in  every  respect 
Pasteur's  assertions,  and  prove  beyond  a  doubt  that 
the  adoption  of  liis  method  has  prevented  the 
occurrence  of  liydrophobia  in  a  large  proportion 
o(  persons  bitten  by  ribid  animals,  who,  if  they  had 
not  been  subjected  to  this  treatment,  would  have 
died  of  that  disease.  The  value  of  his  discovery 
is,  however,  greater  than  can  be  estimated  by 
its  present  utility,  for  it  shows  that  it  may  be  pos- 


sible to  avert  other  diseases  besides  hydrophobia  by 
the  adoption  of  a  somewhat  similar  method  of  in- 
vestigation and  of  treatment.  Here  it  might  seem  as 
if  we  had  outstepped  the  boundaries  of  chemistry, 
and  have  to  do  with  phenomena  purely  vital.  But 
recent  research  indicates  that  this  is  not  the  case, 
and  points  to  the  conclusion  that  the  microscopist 
must  again  give  way  to  the  chemist,  and  that  it  is 
by  chemical  rather  than  by  biological  investigation 
that  the  causes  of  diseases  will  be  discovered,  and  the 
power  of  removing  them  obtained.  For  we  learn 
that  the  symptoms  of  infective  diseases  are  no  more 
due  to  the  microbes  which  constitute  the  infection 
than  alcoholic  intoxication  is  produced  by  the  yeast 
cell,  but  that  these  symptoms  are  due  to  the  presence 
of  definite  chemical  compounds,  the  result  of  the  life 
of  these  microscopic  organisms.  So  it  is  to  the  action 
of  these  poisonous  substances  formed  during  the  life 
of  the  organism,  rather  than  to  that  of  the  organism 
itself,  that  the  special  characteristics  of  the  disease 
are  to  be  traced  ;  for  it  has  been  shown  that  the 
disease  can  be  communicated  by  such  poisons  in  the 
entire  absence  of  living  organisms. 

Original  Research. 
If  I  have  thus  far  dwelt  on  the  progress  made  in 
certain  branches  of  pure  science,  it  is  not  because  I 
undervalue  the  other  methods  by  which  the  advance- 
ment of  science  is  accomplished — viz.,  that  of  the 
application  and  of  the  diffusion  of  a  knowledge  of 
Nature — but  rather  because  the  British  Association 
has  always  held,  and  wisely  held,  that  original  in- 
vestigation lies  at  the  root  of  all  application,  so  that 
to  foster  its  growth  and  encourage  its  development 
has  for  more  than  fifty  years  been  our  chief  aim  and 
wish.  I  must  remind  you  how  much  our  modem 
life,  both  in  its  artistic  and  useful  aspects,  owes  to 
chemistry,  and,  therefore,  how  essential  a  knowledge 
of  the  principles  of  the  science  is  to  all  who  have  the 
industrial  progress  of  the  country  at  heart. 

Valtje  of  Science. 

It  is  ti-ue  that  the  English  people  do  not  possess,  as 
yet,  that  appreciation  of  the  value  of  science  so  cha- 
racteristic of  some  other  nations.  LTp  to  very  recent 
years  our  educational  system,  handed  down  to  us 
from  the  Middle  Ages,  has  systematically  ignored 
science,  and  we  are  only  just  beginning,  thanks  in  a 
great  degree  to  the  prevision  of  the  late  Prince 
Consort,  to  give  it  a  place,  and  that  but  an  unim- 
portant one,  in  our  primary  and  secondary  schools, 
or  in  our  Universities.  The  country  is,  however,  now 
awakening  to  the  necessity  of  placing  its  house  in 
order  in  this  respect,  and  is  beginning  to  see  that  if 
she  is  to  maintain  her  commercial  and  industrial 
supremacy  the  education  of  her  people  from  top  to 
bottom  must  be  carried  out  on  new  lines.  The 
question  as  to  how  this  can  be  most  safely  and  surely 
accomplished  is  one  of  transcendant  national  import- 
ance, and  the  statesman  who  solves  this  educational 
problem  will  earn  the  gratitude  of  nations  yet  to  come. 

Alluding  then  to  the  presence  of  numerous  foreign 
guests,  and  to  the  proposal  to  form  an  International 
Scientific  Organisation,  the  President  said  in  con- 
clusion : — 

But  whether  this  hope  be  realised  or  not,  we  all 
unite  in  that  one  great  object,  the  search  after  trnth 
for  its  own  sake,  and  we  all,  therefore,  may  join  in 
re-echoing  the  words  of  Lessing  : — "  The  worth  of 
man  lies,  not  in  the  truth  which  he  possesses,  or 
believes  that  he  possesses,  but  in  the  honest  endea- 
vour which  he  puts  forth  to  secure  tliat  truth  ;  for 
not  by  the  possession  of  truth  but  by  the  search  after 
it  are  the  faculties  of  man  enlarged,  and  in  this  alone 
consists  his  ever-growing  perfection.  Possession 
fosters  content,  indolence,  and  pride.  If  God  should 
hold  in  His  right  hand  all  truth,  and  in  His  left  hand 
the  ever-active  desire  to  seek  truth,  though  with  the 
condition  cf  perpetual  error,  I  would  humbly  ask  for 
the  contents  of  the  left  hand,  saying,  *  Father,  give 
me  this  ;  pure  truth  is  only  for  Thee.'  " 


VlTIS  CAPENSIS.  —  The  J^cviie  Hurtkole  of 
August  16  publishes  a  coloured  figure  of  the  frnit  of 
Vitis  capensis,  which  has  lately  produced  berries  in 
Europe  for  the  first  time.  The  leaves  are  less  deeply 
lobed  than  is  usual  in  Vines,  and  resemble  in  out- 
line those  of  Menispermum  canadense.  The  purple 
berries  are  curiously  depressed,  and  each  is  termi- 
nated by  the  persistent  style.  It  is  suggested  that  it 
might  be  utilised  for  purposes  of  hybridisation. 


Notices  of  Books. 

Annals  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Garden. 
Calcutta.  Vol.  I.  The  Species  of  Ficus  of 
the  Indo-Malavan  and  Chinese  Countries, 
Part  I. :  Palseomorphe  and  Urostigma.  By 
George  King,  M.B.,  &c.,  Superintendent  of  the 
Roval  Botanic  Garden,  Calcutta.  London :  L. 
Reeve  &  Co.     1887. 

This  is  the  first  instalment  of  a  complete  illus- 
trated monograph  of  the  Asiatic  species  of  Ficus;  a 
work  to  which  Dr.  King  has  devoted  the  greater 
part  of  his  spare  time  for  some  years  past,  and  to  the 
completion  of  which  botanists  have  been  looking 
forward  with  the  greatest  interest,  partly  in  conse- 
quence of  the  great  want  felt  for  a  descriptive 
synopsis  of  the  species  of  this  difficult  genus,  but 
perhaps  even  more  on  account  of  the  curiosity 
excited  by  the  results  of  recent  investigations  of  the 
sexual  reproduction  of  Figs. 

Apart  from  the  many  botanical  and  economical 
questions  involved,  a  history  of  the  Figs  of  India  is 
peculiarly  interesting,  inasmuch  as  they  constitute 
one  of  the  most  pervading  and  conspicuous  features 
of  the  vegetation  of  the  tropical  and  sub-tropical  re- 
gions;  and  some  of  the  species  are  commonly  planted 
and  regarded  with  great  veneration  by  the  natives, 
while  others  are  remarkable  for  the  extraordinary 
vegetative  vigour  they  exhibit.  Thus,  a  single  in- 
dividual of  the  famed  Banyan  tree  is  capable  of 
forming  a  miniature  forest  itself  by  means  of  the 
numerous  "  root-drops "  which  descend  from  the 
ever-extending  branches.  Even  in  this  monograph, 
the  letterpress  of  which  is  necessarily  almost  re- 
stricted to  descriptive  matter.  Dr.  King  finds  space 
for  other  particulars  concerning  some  of  the  species; 
and,  as  a  sample,  we  extract  a  portion  of  the  notes  given 
under  Ficus  bengalensis : — "  The  great  Banyan  of 
the  Botanic  Garden,  Calcutta,  now  (1886)  about  a 
hundred  years  old,  has  232  of  these  aerial  roots, 
all  reaching  the  ground,  and  forming  trunks,  from 
a  few  inches  to  12  feet  in  girth.  The  main  or 
parent  trunk  of  this  remarkable  tree  girths  42  feet, 
and  the  circumference  of  its  leafy  crown  is  857  feet. 
It  is  still  growing  vigorously,  and,  from  its  habit  of 
sending  down  new  roots  every  year,  there  is  no 
reason  why  it  should  not  go  on  increasing  inde- 
finitely, even  after  the  central  trunk  shall  have 
decayed.  .  .  .  Like  many  other  species  of  Ficus, 
the  Banyan  usually  begins  its  life  as  an  epiphyte  on 
another  tree,  which  it  speedily  strangles.  Seedling 
Banyans  are  also  often  found  in  the  crevices  of 
buildings,  to  which,  unless  uprooted,  they  prove  very 
destructive.  The  great  Banyan  in  the  Calcutta 
garden  began  its  life  as  an  epiphyte  on  a  wild  Date 
tree,  of  which  all  trace  has  long  disappeared." 

Dr.  King  also  gives  the  dimensions  of  a  much 
larger  Banyan  tree,  communicated  by  Mr.  Lee 
Warner,  of  the  Bombay  Civil  Service  :  — 

"  It  grows  under  the  hill  fort  of  Wys.\tgarh,  about 
3  miles  west  of  the  main  road  between  Poona  and 
Kohlapur,  and  about  20  miles  from  Satara.  It  is  the 
rendezvous  in  Meadows  Taylor's  novel  of  Tara.  The 
circumference  of  the  leafy  head  ot  the  tree  in  1882  is 
1587  feet ;  its  length  from  north  to  south  is  595  feet,' 
and  from  east  to  west  442  feet.'' 

Before  making  any  further  excerpts,  it  may  be 
better  to  give  a  sketch  of  the  plan  and  scope  of  the 
work,  and  the  characters  upon  which  the  classification 
of  the  species  of  Ficus  is  founded.  The  book  is  of 
large  quarto  form,  and  the  present  part  consists  of 
sixty  pages  of  letterpress,  treating  of  seventy-six 
species,  with  ninety-one  lithographic  plates.  Pre- 
ceding the  purely  descriptive  part  is  an  "  Introduc- 
tion," in  which  the  author  deals  with  the  biblio- 
graphical history  of  the  genus,  its  botanical 
characteristics,  method  and  means  of  sexual  repro- 
duction, and  classification.  '^^''e  have  already  so 
fully  summarised  the  researches  of  Solms  Laubach  and 
Fritz  Mueller  *  on  the  fertilisation  of  Ficus  carica  and 


*  Sw  Gardeners'  Ckri 
p.  265. 


.  pp.  .=.29  and  r,73; 


Septembee  10,  1887.] 


TEE    GAEDENEB8'    CHRONICLE. 


303 


Other  species,  that  it  will  be  sufficient  to  allude  here 
to  Dr.  King's  share  in  this  inquiry.  He  began  study- 
ing the  species  of  Ficus  in  1S78,  and  claims  to  have 
ascertained  the  nature  and  function  of  the  "gall- 
flowers,"*  independently  of  Count  Solnis-Laiibach, 
though  the  latter  anticipated  him  in  publishing  the 
results  of  his  observations.  Dr.  King  has  found 
gall-flowers  in  all  the  species  he  has  examined,  and 
he  has  no  "  doubt  that  the  insect  developed  in  the 
gall-flowers  in  some  way  conveys  the  pollen  of  the 
males  to  the  perfect  females  imprisoned  in  the  neigh- 
bouring receptacles,"  though  the  exact  way  in  which 
these  females  are  pollenised  is  a  matter  on  which  he 
"  cannot  pretend  to  throw  any  light."  Dr.  King 
thinks  it  is  almost  impossible  that  insects  can  enter 
the  female  receptacles  through  the  very  closely 
packed  bracts  at  the  mouth.  The  only  explanation 
that  suggests  itself  to  our  mind  is  the  probability  of 
an  alteration  in  the  position  of  these  bracts  during 
the  receptive  period  of  the  female  flowers.  This 
suggestion  we  off'er  for  what  it  is  worth. 

In  addition  to  the  gall-flowers,  male  flowers,  and 
perfect  female  flowers,  described  by  Solras,  King 
finds  in  some  species  what  he  terms  pseudo-herma- 
phrodite, and  in  other  neuter  flowers  destitute  of  any 
trace  of  sexual  organs.  Contrary  to  our  anticipa- 
tions the  functionally  male  and  female  receptacles 
are  usually  of  the  same  size  and  shape,  and  exter- 
nally undistinguishable.  Dr.  King  says  ; — '*  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  dimorphism  in  the  male  and  female 
receptacles  is  the  exception,  and  in  hardly  any  other 
case  is  it  so  strongly  marked  as  in  F.  carica."  From 
Count  Solms-Laubach's  statements  and  our  own 
limited  observations  we  had  been  led  to  believe  that 
they  were  usually  distinctly  differentiated. 

The  classification  adopted  by  King  is  wholly  based 
on  the  various  modifications  offered  by  the  sexual 
organs.  There  are  two  primary  divisions,  numeri- 
cally very  unequal  in  species  ;  the  first  restricted  to 
a  single  section  of  ten  species,  and  the  other  sub- 
divided into  six  sections,  mostly  numerous  in  species. 
The  smaller  group  has  pseudo-hermaphrodite  flowers 
and  gall-flowers  in  one  set  of  receptacles,  and  perfect 
females  in  another  set ;  and  our  author  regarding 
hermaphroditism  as  the  primitive  condition  of  the 
genus,  "from  which  it  is  in  process  of  delivery," 
hence  he  has  given  it  the  name  of  Palaiomorphe. 
Ficus  acuminata  (Botanical  Magazine,  pi.  3282), 
referred  to  F.  parietalis  by  King,  is  one  of  this  group, 
formerly,  if  no  longer,  cultivated  in  this  country. 
Most  of  the  cultivated  or  otherwise  familiar  Figs, 
except  Ficus  carica,  belong  to  the  section  Urostigma, 
characterised  by  having  the  male,  gall  and  fertile 
female  flowers  in  the  same  receptacle,  and  sixty-six 
of  the  species  here  described  belong  to  this  section, 
respecting  which  the  author  says : — "  The  coinci- 
dence in  Urostigma  of  such  apparently  unconnected 
characters  as  the  monoecious  [androgynous]  condi- 
tion of  the  axillary  paired  receptacles  and  the  epi- 
phytal habit  is  very  remarkable.  In  no  other  section 
is  this  tendency  to  become  epiphytal  at  all  strongly 
marked  ;  in  Urostigma  it  is  universal."  Most  if  not 
all  of  these  epiphytal  species  eventually  become  in- 
dependent, self-supporting  trees,  in  the  manner 
described  in  the  paragraph  above  relating  to  Ficus 
bengalensis.  Returning  to  the  Palreomorphe,  Ficus 
subulata  is  a  singular  instance  of  very  pronounced 
dimorphism.  So  far  as  observed,  this  species  is 
truly  dioecious,  and  the  male  and  gall  flowers  are 
borne  in  ovoid  receptacles,  on  erect  shrubs  growing 
in  the  ground,  while  the  globular  female  receptacles 
are  only  found  on  semi-scandent  epiphytal  plants, 
not  on  erect  shrubs  growing  in  the  ground. 

In  conclusion,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  with,  the 
exception  of  drawings  of  a  few  typical  specimens  in 
this  country,  executed  by  Miss  M.  Smith,  the  typo- 
graphical and  pictorial  parts  of  this  work  were  ac- 
complished in  India.  The  plates  are  mostly  faith- 
ful copies  of  herbarium  specimens,  and  therefore 
of  more  service  to  botanists  than  artistic  pro- 
ductions wanting  in  important  botanical  details. 
Four  plates  are  devoted  to  the  illustration  of  the 

*  Explain&iin  tlie  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  n.s. ,  xrv.,  p.  266. 


floral  structure  of  the  various  species  of  the  section 
Urostigma. 

On  looking  over  the  often  copious  synonymy  of 
many  of  the  species  we  observe  that  King  has 
reduced  a  large  number  of  nominal  species,  especially 
of  those  founded  by  Miquel  on  scanty  herbarium 
specimens.  As  he  himself  states,  Blume  and  Rox- 
burgh, who  usually  had  the  living  plants  before  them, 
made  comparatively  few  bad  species.  With  regard 
to  the  Linnean  names  of  some  of  the  species.  Dr. 
King  has  avoided  changes  by  retaining  them  for  the 
plants  with  which  they  have  long  been  associated, 
though  not  strictly  correct ;  and  in  this  course  he 
will  have  the  sympathy  of  most  practical  botanists.  H. 


British  Desmids,  a  Supplement  to  British 
Freshwater  Alg>e,  with  sixty-six  coloured 
plates.  By  M.  C.  Cooke,  M.A.  (London : 
Williams  &  Norgate.) 
Since  the  appearance  of  Ralfs  and  Jenner's  Bri- 
tish Dcsmidic(B  in  184S,  no  other  illustrated  work 
on  British  Desmids  has  been  published,  and  the  book 
in  question  is  now  so  rare  and  so  costly  as  to  be  out 
of  the  reach  of  most  people.  Indeed  there  is  very 
seldom  a  copy  in  the  market,  therefore  Dr.  Cooke's 
new  work  comes  very  opportunely,  and  fills  a  dis- 
tinct gap  in  the  literature  of  English  botany.  To  the 
large  and  rapidly  increasing  class  of  people  who  amuse 
themselves  with  a  microscope  rather  than  attempt 
original  research,  the  present  volume  will  be  specially 
welcome,  as  it  contains  coloured  figures  of  all  the 
species  known  to  occur  in  Britain,  with  few  exceptions 
uniformly  enlarged  to  400  diameters.  No  fewer  than 
370  species,  or  what  pass  for  species,  are  depicted, 
and  although,  as  could  not  be  expected  except  in  a 
work  of  very  high  price,  the  figures  do  not  exhibit 
the  exquisitely  fine  drawing  of  Jenner,  they  are  good 
enough  for  purposes  of  identification,  and  compare 
very  favourably  indeed  with  WoUe's  recent  Desmids 
of  the  United  States.  The  immense  amount  of  minute 
and  elegant  detail  can  only  be  seen  under  the  micro- 
scope itself. 

Each  genus  and  species  is  fully  described,  and  the 
dimensions  of  each  species  are  given.  This  is  fol- 
lowed by  copious  references  to  the  literature,  the 
synonymy,  the  habitats,  and  the  geograpical  distri- 
bution, and  the  book  consequently  forms  a  guide  to 
all  that  has  been  published  concerning  this  group  of 
microscopic  organisms. 


Trees  and  Shrubs. 

VERONICA   CUPRESSOIDES   AND 
V.  SALICORNIOIDES. 

Noticing  the  difference  of  opinion  between  your 
two  correspondents,  "  D."  (p.  247)  and  "  E."  (p.  276), 
as  to  the  above-named  species,  I  have  looked  the 
matter  up,  with  the  following  result.  The  two  species 
were  described  together  by  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker  in  the 
Handbook  of  the  New  Zealand  Flora,  and  of  course 
the  ultimate  appeal  as  to  which  is  which  of  the  two 
must  depend  upon  the  original  specimens,  both  of 
which  are  now  before  me.  "  D."  affirms  that  the 
plant  so  long  known  in  gardens  is  V.  cupressoides, 
and  in  this  he  is  right — so  far  as  I  know  the  plant — 
and  I  have  a  specimen  on  a  small  rookwork  in  my 
garden,  which  has  stood  unprotected  through  the 
past  three  winters,  though  last  winter  part  of  it  was 
killed,  but  the  remainder  is  growing  away  again  as 
freely  as  before.  But  this  very  plant  I  have  long 
known  as  V.  cupressoides,  and  I  believe  I  received 
it  as  such,  though  I  cannot  be  quite  certain  now  as 
to  this  point.  It  is  a  dense,  excessively  branched 
bush,  with  me  less  than  6  inches  high,  and  always 
procumbent  in  habit.  Wild  specimens  appear  to 
somewhat  exceed  this,  and  to  one  of  them  at  Kew  is 
the  following  note  :— "  It  forms  a  thick  bush  between 
5  and  6  feet  high  where  I  first  found  it  on  the  Upper 
Wairaw,  4000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  I  have 
also  found  it  at  Tarndale,  1500  feet  higher,  but  not 
more  in  growth  than  a  foot.    The  flowers  are  violet- 


coloured."  V.  salicornioides  has  much  stouter 
branches,  leaves  much  more  obtuse,  a  little  larger, 
and  more  densely  arranged.  It  ha?  also  a 
more  upright  habit.  Colour  of  flower  and  height 
are  unfortunately  not  stated.  "  E."  appears  to 
exactly  transpose  the  descriptions  of  the  two 
species,  but  as  to  their  difl'erence  he  is  more 
correct  than  "  D.,"  and  Hooker  certainly  places  them 
together  in  the  same  section  ;  indeed,  I  fail  to  see 
how  he  could  do  otherwise.  He  says  of  this  section, 
"  Leaves  most  densely  imbricate,  connate  in  pairs," 
and  in  it  he  places  six  species — the  two  above- 
named,  V.  tetragona,  V.  lycopodioides,  V.  tetrastica, 
and  V.  Hectori — a  very  interesting  little  group,  which 
it  would  be  well  to  know  more  about  in  gardens.  I 
do  not  know  (personally)  V.  salicornioides  in  culti- 
vation, and  should  feel  much  obliged  if  "  E."  will 
kindly  send  me  a  small  cutting,  for  I  should  like  to 
have  both  species.  In  return  I  will  send  him  word 
if  it  be  the  true  plant,  though  of  this  I  have  little 
doubt,  as  he  seems  to  hit  off  exactly  the  crucial 
difference  between  the  two.  I  think  "  D."  must  have 
fallen  into  some  mistake  as  to  the  sections  he  names. 
In  conclusion,  I  should  like  to  say  that  I  have  not 
yet  succeeded  in  flowering  V.  cupressoides.  B.  A, 
Rolfc,  Herbarium,  Kcw. 

Ornamental  Baeberries. 

B.  vulgaris. — This  native  species,  where  allowed 
full  scope  in  a  shrubbery,  is  certainly  anything  but 
an  uninteresting  plant.  It  must  be  allowed  to  grow 
at  will  if  its  peculiar  character  is  to  be  seen  in  any- 
thing of  a  true  light,  so  no  situation  is  more  suitable 
for  it  than  the  edge  or  margin  of  a  woodland.  The 
drooping  racemes  of  interesting  yellow  flowers  are, 
however,  not  the  chief  attraction  of  this  stately 
shrub,  for  when  laden  with  its  orange-scarlet  fruit 
during  the  autumn  and  winter  months  it  is  well 
worthy  of  the  front  rank  amongst  berry-bearing 
plants.  Nowhere  have  we  seen  this  Barberry  doing 
better,  or  appearing  to  more  advantage,  than  when 
massed  along  the  sides  of  woodland  drives,  but  where 
ample  room  for  full  extension  was  allowed.  It  likes 
good  soil  and  a  rather  shady  situation,  but  must 
not  be  encroached  upon  by  other  trees  and  shrubs. 
There  are  a  number  of  varieties  of  this  species, 
many  of  which  are  highly  ornamental,  and  which 
have  been  used  with  good  effect  in  man.-  an  Eng- 
lish shrubbery.  The  best  are  the  purple-leaved 
form  macrocarpa,  and  the  white,  scarlet,  and  yellow 
fruited. 

B.  cotKiiina  is  a  charming  little  Himalayan  species, 
of  dwarf  habit,  and  remarkable  for  producing  its 
yellow  flowers  at  the  end  of  summer,  usually  during 
the  month  of  August.  For  planting  in  small  gar- 
dens, or  on  the  rockwork,  it  is  particularly  valuable 
and  it  may  also^be  used  with  good  effect  for  the  form 
lines  of  a  shrubbery.  The  foliage  of  this  plant  is 
remarkably  neat  and  pleasing,  deep  green  above, 
silvery  underneath. 

B.  ilicifolia.— This  is  by  no  means  a  common 
plant,  but  is  well  deserving  of  extensive  culture,  for 
it  is  certainly  highly  ornamental.  It  is  of  neat 
habit,  with  spiny  branches,  and  produces  large 
orange-red  flowers  in  short  racemes.  For  planting 
in  a  warm,  sheltered  corner  it  is  specially  adapted, 
for  then  its  true  character  as  an  ornamental  shrub 
is  best  set  forth.  A  light  loam  or  well  decayed 
vegetable  matter  suits  its  wants  as  to  soil,  but  it 
may  be  that  it  will  grow  freely  enough  in  many 
other  classes. 

B.  aqiiifolia  requires  little  praise  from  us,  for  who 
is  not  acquainted  with  the  bright  foliage  and  dense 
spikes  of  sweetly-scented  flowers  of  this  spring- 
blooming  shrub  ?  Although,  perhaps,  the  commonest 
species  in  cultivation,  yet  it  is  by  no  means  the  most 
uninteresting  for  its  glossy  foliage,  pretty  flowers, 
and  above  all,  its  lovely  dark  purple  berries,  can 
never  escape  the  notice  of  even  the  most  unobservant. 
Being  perfectly  hardy,  it  is  well  suited  for  a  great 
variety  of  uses — garden  planting,  rockwork  decora- 
tion, for  planting  as  game  covert,  and  for  edging 
purposes.  Once  planted,  it  soon  forms  dense,  wide- 
spreading  masses,  the   roots  running  about   quite 


304 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  10,  1887. 


freely  amongst  light  sandy  soil.  Thisjplant  isjbetter 
known  under  the  old  appellation  of  Mahonia  aquifolia. 

The  above  may  be  considered  as  about  the  best 
Barberries  with  which  we  are  at  present  acquainted, 
bat  there  are  many  others — few,  however,  of  sufficient 
beauty  to  be  recommended  for  ornamental  planting. 

Nearly  all  the  above  described  species  may  be  used 
as  wall  plants  ;  indeed,  planted  as  such,  some  of  the 
less  hardy  kinds  do  better  than  when  used  as 
standard  specimens.  B.  Darwinii  makes  an  excel- 
lent wall  cover.  A  similar  remark  applies  to  B. 
Btenophylla  X,  B.  Wallichiana,  and  B.  empetrifolia. 

Gr-nerally  speaking,  these  shrubs  like  awarm,  light, 
anl  rich  soil,  but  several  species  do  remarkably  well 
in  neat,  such  as  B.  Danviuii  and  B.  repens — the  latter 
a  North  American  species  of  dwarf  growth,  but  by 
Rome  botanists  considered  as  but  a  form  of  B.  aqui- 
folia. 

We  would  urge  on  every  person  who  has  a  few 
yards  of  spare  ground  in  his  garden  to  plant  any  or 
all  of  the  above  named  kinds,  and  feel  confident  that 
he  will  be  am])ly  repaid  for  any  cost  or  trouble 
expended.  A.  I).  W. 

The  Female  Lombardt  Poplar. 
Populus  pyramidalis  was  introduced  into  Poland, 
towards  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  from  Lom- 
bardy,  all  the  trees  being  exclusively  male  specimens, 
as  is  the  case  in  other  parts  of  Europe.  A  female 
specimen,  about  sixty  years  old,  exists  at  Warsaw, 
on  the  road  from  Schloss  Belvedere  to  the  city  gate 
of  that  name.  Mr.  Cybulski,  head-gardener  at  the 
Botanic  Garden,  first  observed  the  catkins  of  this 
tree  in  the  second  half  of  May  of  this  year.  The 
catkins  bore  nearly  ripe  but  not  yet  opened  capsules, 
more  than  4  cm.  long.  The  branches  are  somewhat 
further  apart  than  those  of  the  adjacent  male  speci- 
mens, which  are  of  the  same  age  as  the  female  tree  ; 
hence  the  female  tree  appears  broader  than,  and  not 
80  high  as,  the  male  tree  (see  Th.  Hartig,  Natun/n:- 
chiMe  dcr  Forstlkhen  KiMurpflanzen) .  Botanischc 
Zcitung,  July  15. 


LOBELIA    SUBNUDA. 

This  plant,  of  which  we  give  an  illustration  (fig. 
69),  is  a  small-flowered  but  rather  pretty  species, 
well  suited  for  glowing  upon  rockwork,  &c.  It  is  a 
hardy  annual,  with  the  leaves  all  radical  in  a  loose 
rosette  (the  stem  having  only  a  few  verv  reduced 
ones) ;  they  are  stalked,  cordate-ovate  in  outline, 
with  the  margin  pinnatifidly  cut,  dark  green  above, 
purplish,  with  green  veins  beneath.  The  flowers  are 
about  one-third  of  an  inch  in  expanse,  pale  blue  ; 
they  are  borne  on  rather  long  pedicels,  and  arranged 
in  lax  naked  racemes.  The  plant  is  a  native  of 
Mexico,  where  it  was  discovered  by  Hartweg  many 
years  ago.  An  excellent  coloured  figure  of  it  is 
given  in  Link,  Klotzsch  and  Otto,  Imnes  Plantanim, 
vol.  i.,  t.  2,  as  Lobelia  discolor.  Mr.  Davidson,  of 
Wernoleu,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  the  drawing, 
has  a  stock  of  the  plant  for  disposal. 


GARDEN     PALMS. 

(Continued  from  ji.  157.) 

Oreodoxa,  WUldenow. — Of  the  five  or  six  species  in- 
cluded in  this  genus  by  Bentham  and  Hooker  probably 
three  are  in  cultivation  here.  O.  granatensis,  recentlv 
distributed  by  Mr.  Bull,  may 'prove  to  belong  to  some 
other  genus,  but  at  present  it  is  too  small  to  be  iden- 
tified. The  other  two  in  cultivation  are  the  well  known 
Cabbage  Palm  (O.  oleracea),  and  the  Eoyal  Palm,  or 
Palma  Real  (0.  regia).  These  two  majestic  Palms 
are  common  in  most  of  the  West  Indian  Islands,  and 
are  cultivated  in  many  tropical  gardens  throughout 
the  world.  They  are  easily  grown,  and  where  room 
can  be  afforded  for  their  full  development,  they  form 
gigantic  trees  "  which,  in  elegance  and  majesty  of 
form,  are  equalled  by  few,  and  surpassed  by  scarcely 
any  of  the  old  order  of  Palms  "  (Seemann). 

O.  okracea,  Martius,  is  a  native  of  the  West  Indies, 
where  it  attains  a  height  of  170  feet,  its  stem 
straight,  smooth,  and  even  as  a  ship's  mast,  and  ila 
JftfRe,  ecjuallj'  pinnato  leiives  fprmipg  an  iinutenso 


plumose  head.  The  apices  of  the  leaflets  are  deeply 
cleft  in  large  plants.  Fruit  egg-shaped,  three-quarters 
of  an  inch  long,  with  a  slight  constriction  on  one 
side  near  the  point  of  attachment ;  colour  purplish- 
blue  when  fresh.  The  thin  fleshy  rind  encloses  a 
brown  seed  with  whitish  hard  albumen.  Seedling 
leaves  simple,  ensiform.  According  to  Seemann  this 
Palm  is  exceedingly  useful  to  the  inhabitants  of  the 
islands  where  it  is  abundant,  the  leaf-stalks  affording 


half  a  mile  long,  and  the  trees,  which  are  about  forty 
years  old,  are  KM  feet  high.  When  small  these 
Palms  are  not  exceptionally  ornamental,  and  they 
have  an  unfortunate  habit  of  turning  brown  at  the 
tips  of  the  leaflets.  They  are  easily  raised  from 
seeds,  which  should  be  sown  in  a  stove,  and  the  plants 
must  always  be  treated  as  stove  plants  with  us. 

Phmiicopkoriiim,  Wendl. — This  name  is  now  sunk 
under  Steveusonia,    It  was  given  by  Wendland  to 


FlO.    69. —  LOBELIA    SrBNUDA  :     LEAVES    PCKPLISH-GREEN,    FLOWERS   PALE    BLUE. 


a  kind  of  writing-pa])er  ;  the  heart,  or  young  unde- 
veloped leaves  being  cut  out  and  cooked  as  a 
vegetable  or  Cabbage,  or  made  into  pickles  ;  the  pith 
makes  a  kind  of  sago,  and  the  nuts  yield  oil. 

0.  rcgia,  Kunth,  is  also  West  Indian.  It  has  an 
erect  trunk,  1(X)  feet  high,  with  a  swollen  middle, 
giving  it  the  appearance  of  a  gigantic  float.  In 
other  respects  it  seems  very  similar  to  0.  oleracea, 
but  the  seeds  are  slightly  shorter,  and  they  have  not 
the  constriction  described  in  the  seeds  of  that 
species.  There  are  several  famous  avenues  of  this 
PaJD)  in  exieleace,  one  at  JJotafogo,  Braai),  being 


commemorate  the  mysterious  disappearance  from 
Kew  of  two  small  plants,  the  only  two  then  known 
in  Europe,  and  their  reappearance  shortly  afterwards 
in  a  German  garden ;  but  how  they  got  there  no  one 
ever  discovered.  Phoenicophorium  means  Stolen 
Palm. 

Pholidocarpus,  Blume. — In  the  Genera  Plantanim 
this  genus  is  included  amongst  those  doubtful  and 
imperfectly  known.  Beccari,  however,  has  recently 
jiublished  in  his  Malesia,  vol.  iii..  No.  2  (18S6)  figures 
and  descriptions  of  five  species  of  Pholidocarpus,  all 
natives  of  the  Mala/  Archipelago,    At  least  one  of 


Sbpteubee  10,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


305 


these,  viz.,  P.  Ihur,  Bl.,  is  represented  in  the  Bniten- 
zorg  Botanical  Gardens  by  fruiting  examples,  seeds 
having  been  sent  from  thence  to  Kew  in  1882,  and 
almost  annual!}'  since.  The  genus  is  related  to 
Corypha  and  Borassus.  It  is  characterised  by  a  stout 
erect  stem,  bearing  a  large  head  of  palmate  leaves, 
the  blade  split  into  about  four  divisions,  which  are 
Again  divided  near  the  margin,  as  in  Licuala,  each 
segment  being  rounded  and  bifid.  The  petiole  is 
armed  with  stout  spines  about  an  inch  apart  along 
the  edges,  and  the  base  is  clasping,  with  the  edges 
split  up  into  brown  fibres.  The  frnit  is  spherical, 
about  3  inches  in  diameter,  the  pericarp  or  husk 
three-quarters  of  an  inch  thick,  horny  inside,  the 
ontside  covered  with  numerous  short  brush-like 
fibres,  and  these  in  fresh  fruits  again  covered  with  a 
soft  brown  granular  gingerbread-like  shell.  The 
seeds  germinate  freely,  producing  one  strong,  plicate, 
simple  leaf,  over  1  foot  long  by  4  inches  wide.  Under 
cultivation  here  this  Palm  is  a  very  slow  grower- 
slow  as  the  Talipot— a  plant  at  Kew  nearly  five  years 
old  being  as  yet  only  1  foot  high,  with  four  palmate 
Corypha-like  leaves.  E.xcept  in  very  large  houses, 
where  it  can  be  grown  into  a  big  tree,  this  Falm  is 
not  likely  to  prove  of  any  value  for  garden  purposes. 

Phttelephas,  Huh  and  Favou. 
There  are  three  known  species  of  Phytelephas,  and 
two  of  them  are  in  cultivation  at  Kew,  and  also  at 
Hanover,  viz.,  P.  microcarpa,  R.  and  P.,  a  native  of 
Peru,  and  of  comparatively  little  importance  ;  and  P. 
macrocarpa,  R.  and  P.,  of  New  Grenada,  famous  as  the 
source  of  vegetable  ivory.  It  has  a  decumbent  trunk, 
20  feet  long,  the  upper  portion  for  about  6  feet  being 
more  or  less  erect.  Leaves  pinnate,  about  20  feet 
long,  erect,  except  near  the  tip  which  curves  over; 
pinna;  3  feet  long,  2  inches  broad  with  long  acumi- 
nated tips,  deep  shining  green  ;  they  are  arranged 
from  the  base  to  the  apex  of  the  rachis  close  together 
in  two  regular  series,  and  at  right  angles  with  the 
rachis  or  midrib  ;  there  are  about  160  in  each  leaf. 
The  male  and  female  flowers  are  on  dilferent  plants, 
the  latter  arranged  in  a  dense  upright  spike  like  an 
immense  Bulrush ;  the  females  are  clustered  to- 
gether on  a  short  thick  peduncle,  about  seven  flowers 
on  each.  Both  male  and  female  flowers  emit,  on  first 
opening,  a  most  powerful  and  delicious  odour. 
Purdie,  who  first  sent  home  fresh  seeds  and 
specimens  of  this  Palm,  states  that  he  should  not 
have  succeeded  in  finding  it  had  not  his  attention 
been  attracted  by  clouds  of  insects  hovering  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  Palms  in  the  forests  where 
they  grew.  There  is  a  fine  example  of  this  Palm  in 
the  Kew  collection  which  produces  flowers  (female) 
annually,  and  these  are  most  powerfully  fragrant  on 
the  first  day  after  the  bursting  of  the  sheathing 
spathes.  This  specimen  is  the  same  one  that  was 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine  in  1856,  the  year 
after  it  flowered  at  Kew  for  the  first  time.  A  male 
plant  flowered  at  SchiJnbrunn  in  1852.  Few  of  the 
Kew  Palms  equal  the  Phytelephas  in  stateliness  of 
foliage,  and  it  appears  to  be  peculiarly  happy  under 
cultivation  in  a  stove.  Small  plants  are  also  very 
ornamental.  The  seeds  germinate  readily  if  sown  in 
a  strong  heat,  and  plants  3  feet  high,  with  handsome 
pinnate  leaves,  are  not  more  than  four  years  old. 
The  gernrinatiou  of  these  seeds  is  an  interesting 
example  of  the  rapid  changes  brought  about 
by  growth.  The  seed  when  thoroughly  ripe  is 
almost  solid,  and  hard  as  ivory.  It  is  irre- 
gularly ovoid,  about  2i  inches  long,  the  shell 
thin  and  brown,  the  albumen  white.  At  first 
the  whole  of  this  white  ivory  is  simply  milk,  but 
as  the  seed  ripens  this  hardens,  till  finally  it  becomes 
solid  and  hard  as  the  ivory  of  the  elephant  itself. 
Bury  this  in  moist  soil,  and  keep  in  a  temperature 
of  about  80°,  and  in  about  two  months  it  will 
develope  a  stout  bud  from  its  base.  This  grows  to 
a  length  of  about  4  inches,  and  from  its  thickened 
tip  are  then  pushed  out  roots  on  one  side,  the  other 
splitting  to  allow  the  first  leaves  to  ascend.  The 
roots,  however,  seem  to  assist  little  at  first  in  sup- 
plyingthe  young  leaf,  which  is  pinnate,  with  nourish- 
ment, this  coming  from  the  seed  tlirough  the  canal- 


like connection  between  it  and  the  new  plant,  and 
if  the  seed  be  now  removed  and  broken  it  will  be 
found  to  contain  a  soft  substance,  partly  milk,  partly 
pulp.  Finally,  this  is  all  absorbed  in  the  formation 
of  new  growth,  and  the  thin  shell  only  remains  of 
what  was  as  hard  as  marble  only  a  month  or  two 
previously.  That  the  contents  of  the  seed  are  all 
used  up  by  the  young  plant  is  shown  when  the  seed 
is  removed  before  it  is  exhausted,  the  result  being 
that  the  plant  dies.  The  nuts  of  this  Palm  are 
imported  from  New  Grenada  both  to  Europe  and  North 
America,  where  they  are  largely  used  as  a  .substitute 
for  true  ivory  in  the  manufacture  of  all  articles  for 
which  the  nuts  are  large  enough — i.e.,  buttons,  knobs, 
ornaments,  reels,  toys,  &c.  W.  W. 
(To  be  continued.) 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 

SPATHOGLOTTIS  AUGUSTORUM. 

This  recent  discovery  of  MM.  Linden  and  dp 
Ronne,  promises  to  be  one  of  great  value.  Hitherto 
the  genus,  although  containing  one  or  two  species  of 
considerable  beauty,  hns  not  been  deemed  by  most 
Orchidists  as  worthy  of  being  represented  in  their 
collections.  If,  however,  this  species  proves  to  be 
amenable  to  cultivation — and  judging  from  itsappear- 
ance  after  a  season "s  growth  such  seems  likely  to  be 
the  case — it  may  be  the  means  of  bringing  its  con- 
geners into  notice. 

The  somewhat  meagre  appearance  of  the  foliage 
of  most  Spathoglottis,  which  undoubtedly  operates 
to  their  disfavour,  is  fortunately  not  characteristic 
of  this  species,  the  leaves  of  which  are  3  feet  long  by 
3  inches  wide,  plicate  and  of  a  deep  green  colour, 
resembling  those  of  Phaius  grandifolius.  The 
flowers  are  densely  arranged  at  the  apex  of  a  stout 
peduncle  nearly  3  feet  long  and  proceed  from  the 
axils  of  stout,  boat-shaped  bracts ;  they  measure  li 
inches  in  diameter,  and  have  sepals  and  petals  of  a 
pale  lilac  colour ;  the  lip  is  three-lobed,  the  side- 
lobes  dull  red,  the  central  one  of  a  deeper  lilac  than 
the  sepals,  and  the  crest  yellow  and  spotted.  In 
general  appearance  the  flowers  are  very  similar  to 
those  of  a  good  Phalaenopsis  Lowii. 

During  the  growing  season  the  plant  requires  a 
stove  temperature,  plenty  of  atmospheric  moisture, 
and  abundance  of  water  at  the  root,  but  the  presence 
of  large  pseudobulbs  suggest  the  necessity  of  a  con- 
siderable resting  period.  The  soil  should  consist  of 
about  equal  parts  of  fibry  loam  and  peat,  with  a 
sufficient  addition  of  broken  brick  to  insure  perfect 
drainage.  A  plant  that  has  been  grown  along  with 
Phalasnopsis  is  now  finely  in  flower  at  Kew. 

S.  Fortunei,  a  deciduous  species  from  Hong  Kong 
is  also  displaying  its  spikes  of  bright  yellow  flowers  ; 
it  succeeds  best  in  the  cool  house,  and  requires  to  be 
kept  quite  dry  during  the  winter  months. 

S.  ixiodes,  a  scarce  plant  from  the  Himalayas, 
flowered  at  Kew  in  June  ;  it  is  a  little  gem,  with  yel- 
low flowers  borne  singly  on  slender  scapes  G  inches 
long,  and  is  suitable  for  growing  in  a  pan  and 
hanging  from  a  roof;  it  thrives  in  sandy  loam,  and 
also  requires  to  be  kept  at  perfect  i*est  during  the 
winter.  W.  B. 

Galeandra  Descagnolleana. 
This  name,  terrible  to  pronounce,  is  applied  to  a 
new  Galeandra,  described  by  Professor  Reichenbach, 
and  figured  in  the  current  number  of  the  Illustration 
Horticole.  The  flowers  are  like  those  of  G.Baueri,  with 
oblong-acute  olive-coloured  segments,  and  a  large  con- 
volute white  lip,  with  a  violet  colour  blotch  in  front. 
The  plant  was  discovered  by  M.  Rand,  of  Para,  and  is 
dedicated  to  Baron  d'Kscagnolle,  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Cattleya  crispa. 
There  is  in  flower  here  at  the  present  time  a  plant 
of  C.  crispa  with  three  growths,  carrying  in  the 
aggregate  nineteen  flower^,  one  with  seven  and  two 
with  six  each.  Is  the  former  an  unusual  number  for 
this  variety  ?  8.  Grose,  Trcvhwc  Gardens,  Cornivall. 


BROOM    HOUSE,    FULHAM. 

There  are  few  residences  left  so  near  London  as 
this  which  can  show  such  a  number  of  magnificent 
examples  of  fine  timber  and  rare  trees.  The  land  — 
alluvial  deposit  in  bygone  ages — is  precisely  that 
which  is  the  best  medium  for  perfect  development 
for  many  of  the.^e.  Miss  Sullivan,  an  enthusiastic 
gardener,  and  a  lady  of  great  taste  in  all  matters 
relating  to  the  garden,  takes  much  personal  interest 
in  her  garden,  and  is  mainly  responsible  for  the 
pleasing  features  of  the  place.  Hardy  plants,  alpines, 
aquatics.  Ferns,  and  bog-plants  form  the  rarer  sub- 
jects met  with.  The  beds  and  gi-oups  are  so  managed 
that  much  can  be  observed  from  the  mansion  ;  they 
radiate  in  an  irregular  manner  from  the  latter. 

Adjacent  to  the  house  is  a  conservatory  that  was 
gay  at  the  time  of  our  visit  with  Lapageria,  red  and 
white  ;  old  kinds  of  Fuchsias,  many  of  great  age — 
notably  one  of  F.  gracilis,  that  must  date  almost 
from  the  time  of  the  introduction  of  the  species. 
Some  fine  examples  of  Camellias  are  planted  out 
in  the  bed,  and  single-flowered  specimens  deco- 
rate the  wall  at  the  back  of  this  house.  Mr. 
Wilson,  the  gardener,  is  a  successful  cultivator  of 
the  Lily  family,  and  had  a  number  of  L.  auratum 
in  flower.  In  front  of  this  house  is  a  small  par- 
terre for  flowers,  the  beds  being  fashioned  in  Box, 
with  gravel  walks. 

Another  similar  flower  garden  occupies  the  front 
of  a  low  terrace,  which  runs  along  the  south  side  of 
the  mansion.  The  beds  were  gay  with  Petunias,  seed- 
lings. Verbenas ;  amongst  which  were  Blue  Boy,  Pink 
Perfection  ;  Ageratum  Swanley  Gem,  CEnothera 
macrocarpa,  twenty  years  in  this  bed  ;  Calceolaria 
amplexicaulis.  Petunia  Shrubland  Gem,  a  lively  rose- 
coloured  variety  ;  Phlo.x  Drummondi,  Pelargonium 
Henri  JaCoby.and  many  others  ;  Salpiglossis  seedlings 
formed  a  lively  patch  of  unusual  colour  at  the  corner 
of  one  of  the  mixed  beds  near  this  parterre.  The.si' 
plants,  so  brilliant  in  their  eiiects,  are  too  seldom 
met  with  in  gardens. 

Phloxes  and  Delphiniums  are  largely  grown,  and 
form  ia  favourable  seasons  an  important  feature  in 
the  decorative  effects.  This  year  the  hot  weather 
quite  spoiled  their  flowering.  South-east  from  the 
mansion  is  a  broad  glade  bordered  with  beds  of  ever- 
green shrubs,  mostly  Rhododendrons,  and  beyond 
these  are  a  bog-bed  and  a  pool  of  water  for  aquatics, 
fitted  with  a  perforated  pipe  that  supplies  a  small  jet, 
and  this  serves  the  purpose  of  keeping  the  water 
sweet  by  aeration.  On  the  edge  grow  Gunnera 
scabra.  Iris  Kaimpferi,  Stephandra  flexuosa,  a  half- 
shrubby  herbaceous  plant  with  reddish  shoots  and 
Maple-like  foliage ;  Kodgeria  podophylla,  several 
species  of  Rush,  and  the  bold-leaved  Californian 
Saxifraga,  the  tall  flower-spikes  of  which,  now 
withered  up,  showing  what  a  showy  subject  this 
plant  is.  We  noticed  Vitex  Agnus-Castus  in  the  bog- 
bed  doing  well.  It  is  not  usually  classed  as  a  marsh 
plant,  and  is  a  subject  that  combines  much  elegance 
in  habit  with  a  strong  perfume. 

In  the  herbaceous  beds  were  massive  plants  of 
Uelenium  Rudbeckia,  Lathyrus  latifolius,  Papa- 
ver.  Lilies,  Helianthemum.  These  plants  were 
planted  at  sufliciently  wide  distances  apart  to  allow 
of  full  development,  the  intervening  spaces  being 
filled  with  bulbous  plants  to  flower  at  different 
seasons.  Space  does  not  allow  of  many  of  the 
flowering  subjects  being  mentioned  here,  but  it  may 
be  said  that  a  very  great  number  of  plants  of  different 
and  suitable  species  for  garden  purposes  liave  been 
located  here  for  many  years,  it  being  a  perfect  store- 
house for  the  fine  things  that  were  set  aside  by  the 
modern  style  of  fiower  gardening. 

The  exotic  and  native  Ferns  arc  this  year,  in  spite 
of  heat  and  drought,  pictures  of  welcome  verdun- 
being  duly  watered,  and  otherwise  cared  for.  These 
are  found  in  several  parts  of  the  garden  on  low 
groups  of  rocks.  The  trees  are  the  glory  of  the 
garden,  and  are  examples  that  would  be  ornamental 
in  the  finest  placr-s  of  the  country.  Few  trees  here 
show  the  inimic.ll  effects  of  London  smoke,  thanks 
probably  to  the  current  of  fresh  air  brought  by  the 


306 


THE     GAIiDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 


[September  10,  1887. 


river  Thames,  which  is  here  nearly  400  yards  wide. 
On  the  west  side  of  the  house  are  Llquidambar  styra- 
ciflua,  50  feet  high  ;  a  very  symmetrical  Copper 
Beech,  60  feet  high  by  50  teet  in  diameter  in  the 
crown ;  several  Horse  Chestnuts  of  grand  propor- 
tions, Tulip  trees.  Limes,  and  Ailantus,  of  great 
size,  and  generally  of  handsome  form.  These  trees 
are  all  of  considerable  age,  but  vigorous  and  un- 
harmed. The  old  trees,  which  have  succumbed 
partly  to  age,  but  more  to  the  local  influences,  are 
the  fine  Cedars  of  Lebanon,  Taxodium  distichum,  the 
deciduous  Cypress,  which  had  acquired  large  pro- 
portions ;  Scotch  Fir,  some  of  which  were  very  large 
trees.  The  common  Oak  and  evergreen  Oak  flourish 
here — two  enormous  specimens  of  the  latter,  excelling 
in  size  the  former,  are  found  on  the  east  side  of  the 
house. 

Near  the  river,  which  is  embanked,  much  to  the 
detriment  of  the  trees  near  it,  which  uesd  to  be 
flooded  at  intervals,  stands  one  of  the  very  largest 
examples  of  common  Elm  found  near  London,  the 
butt  measuring,  at  3  feet  from  the  ground,  6  feet  in 
diameter.  So  detrimental  to  the  well-being  of  the 
trees  has  been  the  cutting-off  of  the  water  supply  by 
floods,  that  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  make 
a.  sluiced  drain  through  the  embankment,  so  that  at 
high  tides  the  water  may  be  let  in  and  allowed  to 
reach  the  roots. 

There  are  the  usual  appurtenances  of  kitchen 
garden,  forcing-houses  for  Vines,  Peaches,  Figs,  &c. 
Figs  are  a  special  culture,  and  a  great  number  are 
obtained  by  simple  means.  Several  trees  planted 
many  years  since  on  either  side  of  a  high  wall 
running  north  and  south,  and  whose  fruiting  was 
very  uncertain,  were  covered  with  a  roof  and  sides 
of  glass,  the  apex  of  the  roof  rising  high  above  the 
top  of  the  wall,  so  that  although  there  are  two 
divisions  it  is  but  one  house.  The  slope  of  the  roof 
on  the  east  side  is  made  much  longer  than  the 
opposite  side,  affording  space  for  a  number  of  ex- 
amples of  Azalea  indica  and  other  greenhouse 
subjects  of  a  hardy  nature. 

On  a  wall  near  this  Fig-house  are  several  large  Fig 
trees,  the  Black  Ischia,  a  fine  variety,  and  Brown 
Turkey  being  represented.  These  trees  seldom  bear 
well,  by  reason  of  their  being  exposed  to  the  dele- 
terious east  wind,  and  want  of  protection  in  the 
winter  months.  The  fruit  walls  are  being  gradually 
covered  with  young  trees,  many  of  which  are  this 
season  carrying  good  crops. 


FLORISTS'  Flowers. 


NEW  FANCY  CARNATIONS. 

At  the  recent  exhibition  of  the  Matlock  Bath 
Horticultural  Society,  a  representative  stand  of  Car- 
nations and  Picotees,  including  some  fine  and  pro- 
mising seedlings,  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  R.  W.  Proctor, 
nurseryman,  Chesterfield,  that  were  highly  com- 
mended by  the  judges.  Mr.  Proctor  has  put  forward 
blooms  of  two  seedlings  of  great  promise,  viz.,  Bril- 
liant, a  pale  bright  scarlet  self,  slightly  suffused  with 
orange,  novel,  distinct,  and  full  of  promise :  the 
petals  stout  and  finely  formed,  and  forming  a  sym- 
metrical flower ;  and  Miss  Proctor,  pale  buff,  or  sal- 
mon-yellow, with  heavy  stripes  of  bright  red ;  also 
a  finely  formed  flower  of  excellent  quality.  Both 
these  have  the  additional  advantage  of  having  a  good 
pod — tliat  is,  the  caly.x  does  not  burst.  This  is  an 
important  point  that  should  not  be  overlooked,  for  if 
the  pod  bursts  no  symmetrical  flowers  are  possible. 
In  the  old  days  of  Carnation,  Picotee,  and  Pink 
showing  a  split  pod  was  a  disqualification  :  in  these 
days  the  florist  is  not  so  exacting,  but  a  pod  that 
does  not  burst  should  be  considered  as  indispensable 
in  all  Carnations  and  Picotees  in  a  cut  state  that  are 
used  for  decorative  purposes.  li.  D. 

China  Asters. 
Messrs.  E.  Forgeot  &  Co.,  of  Paris,  send  us  flowers 
of  a  new  China  Aster  raised  by  them.  The  stems 
are  very  stout  and  rigid,  10 — 20  inches  in  height,  and 
bearing  at  the  summit  well  formed  flower-heads, 
4  inches  across.  The  form  is  symmetrical,  and  the 
heads  well  filled  up.  Thev.ariety  is  named  "Tige  de 
Fer  monstrueuse  "  (Iron-stalk),  and  is  represented  by 
flowers  of  two  colours — pure  white,  and  pale  rosy- 
lilac. 


The  Herbaceous  Border. 

ERYNGIUMS. 
These  Thistle-like  Umbellifers  have,  as  a  rule, 
been  fine  everywhere  this  year,  and  although  in 
cases  the  severe  drought  has  interfered  with  them  a 
little,  some  experience  will  have  been  gained,  as  a 
guide  in  the  future,  with  regard  to  the  proper  treat- 
ment these  plants  require  to  bring  out  their  brilliant 
blues.  With  us  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  a 
south-west  border  has  been  found  the  most  suitable 
in  average  seasons — during  the  summer,  ^t  any  rate. 
We  tried  several  behind  a  north  wall,  and,  although 
strong  clumps,  the  flower-steras  were  weak,  and  the 
flowers  badly  coloui-ed.  Our  great  difticulty,  how- 
ever, even  in  the  sunny  border,  is  damp  during 
winter.  Of  course  plants  like  E.  giganteum,  E. 
planum,  E.  Olivieranum,  are  not  affected  much,  but 
those  of  the  Lasseauxii  type,  including  pandani- 
folium,  serra,  eburneum,  &c.,  succumb  all  too 
readily  in  wet  seasons.  A  bell-glass,  or  a  hand- 
light,  raised  on  stones,  is  the  only  satisfactory  safe- 
guard, and  even  this,  in  cases  where  the  long  leaves 
do  not  die  down,  is  very  unsatisfactory.  The  species 
mentioned,  when  raised  high  on  the  rockery  in  well- 
drained  spots,  stand  well,  and  only  two  have  been 
at  all  damaged  within  the  last  three  years.  E.  ame- 
thystinum  for  rockeries  seems  to  be  the  most  con- 
venient and  beautiful  of  all  the  species.  Rarely 
more  than  a  foot  or  so  high,  it  forms  large  masses  of 
the  most  brilliant  amethyst  heads,  lasting  in  beauty 
from  a  month  to  six  weeks.  The  name  is  often 
used  for  E.  Olivieranum,  a  much  taller  plant,  with 
larger  and  less  brilliantly  coloured  heads.  E.  ame- 
thystinum  ripens  seed  freely,  and  this  is  a  ready 
means  of  increasing  a  stock,  the  seedling  being  ready 
to  plant  out  the  second  year  if  well  cared  for.  E. 
alpinum  is  another  grand  species,  but  apparently 
rather  difficult  to  get  true  to  name,  as  we  have  had 
it  twice  under  the  name,  and  both  turned  out  E. 
planum — a  good  species,  but  not  comparable  with  E. 
alpinum.  Others  are  E.  Bourgati,  E.  cceruleum,  E. 
aquaticum,  E.  glaciale,  E.  maritimum,  &c.  B. 

Aejjebia  coenuta. 
In  this  we  note  another  of  the  new  and  beautiful 
plants  that  come  so  freely  from  Mr.  Max  Leichtlin's 
wonderful  garden.  It  is  an  annual,  but  quite  the 
finest  of  the  hitherto  cultivated  species  in  ornamental 
qualities,  and  it  is  certainly  a  welcome  addition  to 
the  frequently  charming  class  of  annuals  which,  as  a 
rule,  are  so  easily  raised  from  seed.  While  for  years 
there  existed  in  gardens  but  one  or  two  plants  of  the 
perennial  A.  echioides  (for  which  also  we  are  indebted 
to  Mr.'Max  Leichtlin  as  theskilful  propagator)  we  may 
expect  to  find  this  almost  at  once  in  tlie  best  collec- 
tions. Those  who  prize  the  above  species  may  wish 
to  know  how  this  stands  in  comparison,  and  we  may 
therefore  say  that  the  flowers  are  somewhat  similar 
in  appearance,  equally  curious  and  beautiful,  but 
much  more  profuse,  and,  we  think,  rather  larger. 
The  characteristic  blotches  are  large  and  well 
defined,  of  deep  maroon  colour,  and  with  so  perfect  a 
vanishing  quality  that  the  yellow  of  the  older  flowers 
is  perfectly  clear  and  pure.  In  height  the  plant 
grows  about  15  or  18  inches ;  the  leaves  are  linear 
oblong,  and  clothed  with  stitfish  hairs ;  the  corolla 
is  salver-shaped,  with  a  slender  tube,  an  inch  long,  and 
limb  of  nearly  the  same  width.  This  species  is 
native  of  Siberia,  Georgia,  the  shores  of  the  Caspian 
Sea.  and  the  River  Euphrates.  We  understand  that 
the  stock  of  seed  will  be  in  the  hands  cf  Mr.  Ernst 
Benary,  of  Erfurt. 

TlUCHYMENE   CCERDLEA, 

also  known  in  gardens  under  the  older  name  of 
Didiscus,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  border  annuals 
we  have  seen  this  season.  With  the  exception  of 
the  Eryngiums,  no  other  umbelliferous  plant  known 
to  us  has  blue  flowers  like  the  Trachymene,  and  few 
of  tills  order  give  greater  pleasure  to  the  cultivator. 
It  can  be  sown  out-of-doors  with  the  other  annuals 
in  spring,  say  about  the  end  of  March  or  beginning 


of  April,  and  tlie  chief  requirement  will  be  thinning 
out  to  about  9  inches  or  a  foot  apart,  it  forms  a  nice 
bushy  plant,  and  will  soon  fill  the  sjiace  left.  It 
grows  about  \}r  or  2  feet  high,  branched  upwards. 
The  leaves  are  palmate  pinnatifid,  with  very  narrow 
segments,  and  these  again  pinnatifid.  Flowers  in 
umbels,  as  in  the  other  genera,  large,  fine  soft  blue, 
and  very  attractive.  It  was  first  raised  in  the  Liver- 
pool Botanic  Garden,  from  seeds  sent  from  Australia 
by  Mr.  Fraser,  and  was  first  collected  by  Drummond 
on  the  Swan  River.  It  has  been  in  fine  flower  for 
the  last  month,  and  is  still  in  beauty.  Other  names 
are  Huegelia  carulea,  Didiscus  cyaneus,  and  cceru- 
leus.  D. 


AGAVE    HENRIQUE SII. 

We  owe  to  the  courtesy  of  our  correspondent. 
Professor  Henriques,  of  Coimbra,  the  accompanying 
illustration  (fig.  70,  p.  307)  of  the  Agave  which  bears 
his  name.  The  plant  is  growing  in  the  Botanic  Gar- 
den, Coimbra,  and  has  a  height  of  14 — 15  feet.  Its 
general  appearance  is  sufficiently  shown  in  the  illus- 
tration. The  leaves  are  about  2  feet  in  length, 
fleshy,  about  half  an  inch  in  thickness,  lanceolate 
from  a  broad  base,  spine-pointed,  and  with  scattered 
short  spines  at  the  edges.  The  flowers  are  numer- 
ous, brownish,  arranged  in  a  densely  packed  stalked 
spike.  For  full  details  we  refer  to  Mr.  Baker's  de- 
scription in  our  columns,  June  4,  1887. 


LETTUCES. 

A  SHORT  time  since  I  had  an  opportunity  of  look- 
ing through  a  large  trial  of  Lettuces.  All  the  good 
old  sorts  were  there,  and  not  a  few  reputed  new 
varieties,  and  I  was  interested  in  seeing  how  the  new 
ones,  so  called,  compared  with  the  standard  types 
that  have  been  in  cultivation  for  years  past.  One 
important  fact  was  at  once  evident :  that  very  many 
of  the  new  vegetables  that  are  sent  out  at  fancy 
prices  are  simply  fine  selections  from  old  forms.  But 
this  truth  has  been  preached  for  years  past,  and  yet 
the]^stream  of  novelties  sets  in  as  strong  as  ever. 
But  now  to  the  notes  of  comparison  made  on  this 
occasion. 

Cooling's  Leviathan  Cos  is  simply  a  very  good 
stock  of  the  broad-leaved  Bath  Cos,  black  seed,  as 
distinct  from  the  narrow-leaved  Sugar-loaf  Bath 
Cos.  But  it  has  been  well  selected  by  Mr.  Cooling, 
and  it  makes  a  good  early  exhibition  variety. 
Webb's  Exhibition  Cos  is  a  black-seeded  Paris  White 
Cos,  growing  as  it  does  to  a  large  size,  and  therefore 
a  good  show  variety.  Balloon  Cos,  from  Vilmorin 
&  Co.,  is  a  pale,  bright  green  leaved  Cos  Lettuce  in 
the  way  of  Dickson's  Champion  Cos,  but  a  more 
compact  grower,  and  self-folding.  The  Old  Egyp- 
tian Gem  Cos  is  a  capital  winter  variety,  though  it 
is  now  but  little  grown.  The  Fulham  Hardy  White 
Cos  has  quite  taken  its  place,  and  this  is  rather 
broader  in  the  leaf,  as  well  as  more  blistered,  than 
the  Paris  White  Cos.  Jeft'eries'  Little  Queen  Cos  is 
a  distinct  Cos  Lettuce,  dark  green  in  the  leaves, 
stands  the  winter  well,  is  very  dwarf  and  compact,  and 
requires  no  tying  in  the  spring;  a  very  useful  variety 
for  gardeners.  Dimmick's  Victoria  Cos,  though  of 
the  type  of  the  Paris  White,  instead  of  folding 
over  towards  the  centre,  curls  round,  and  this  is  dis- 
tinctive of  the  type  ;  it  is  a  fine  Lettuce,  that  comes 
to  a  large  size  without  failing  to  be  handsome  when 
well  grown.  Ivery's  or  Dickson's  Champion  Cos  is 
a  large  Lettuce,  somewhat  coarse  in  appearance,  but 
greatly  esteemed  for  exhibition  in  places  where  size 
is  more  particularly  regarded.  This  does  not  ex- 
haust the  list  of  Cos  Lettuces,  but  it  deals  more 
particularly  with  those  that  can  claim  to  be  recent 
novelties. 

Of  Cabbage  Lettuces,  of  which  there  are  now  a 
very  large  number,  Tom  Thumb  may  be  set  down  as 
the  earliest  of  all  this  class  of  varieties.  It  is  a 
compact  grower,  and  doubtless  a  selection  from  the 
Tennis-ball.  It  is  a  summer  Lettuce,  and  should  be 
sown  early  in  the  spring.  Brown  Dutch  Cabbage 
Lettuce,  white  seed,  is  a  good  old  variety,  somewhat 


SBFrEMBEK   10,    1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


307 


neglected  in  tliese  days ;  a  very  fine  and  compact 
summer  Lettuce,  much  tinted  with  dark  reddish- 
brown  ;  but  there  appears  to  be  a  prejudice  against 
dark-tinted  Lettuces,  however  good  they  may  bt*. 
There  ai'e  also  black-seeded  and  yellow-seeded 
forms  of  this  ;  the  latter  is  one  of  a  very  few  Lettuces 
indeed  with  seed  of  this  colour,  and  it  would  be 
interesting  to  know  what  principle  regulates  the 
colour  of  seeds  in  the  case  of  Lettuces.  All  the 
Year  Round  is  one  of  the  very  best  of  summer  Cab- 
bage Lettuces — a  good  useful  variety,  that  does  not 
readily  run  to  seed.     Blonde  de  Berlin  is  a  black- 


distinct  in  colour  as  well  as  type.  American  Gather- 
ing is  a  curious  crisped-leaved  variety,  much  tinted 
with  brown ;  a  quick-growing  Lettuce,  reaching  a 
large  size  in  a  short  time.  Scott's  Favourite,  and 
the  Bossin  Cabbage  Lettuce,  appear  to  be  the  same  ; 
a  good  summer  variety,  large,  but  looks  leathery  in 
the  leaf.  The  old  Drumhead,  or  Malta,  is  still  a 
good  summer  variety.  An  excellent  winter  Lettuce 
is  found  in  Lees  Immense  Cabbage  Lettuce;  it  is 
quite  distict  from  the  Hardy  Green,  or  Hammer- 
smith, and  in  all  respects  a  much  better  winter 
variety.     But  the  market  gardeners  appear  to  prefer 


iiilh'  I  II      I      I I     I  II  ,111 

Fig.  70. — agave  henbkjdesii.     (see  p.  ^06.) 


•seeded  form  of  this.     Marvel,  or  lied  Bossin,  is  a 

Cabbage  Lettuce  of  the   Dutch   type,  having  very 

deeply  coloured  foliage.     Veitch's  Golden  Queen  is 

a  very  early  and  distinct  Lettuce ;    it  is  said  to  be 

also  known  as  Eley's  Tom  Thumb.      It  is  in  the 

style  of  All  the  Year  Kound,  but  paler  green  in  the 

leaf  and  smoother;  but  it  is  a  very  good  and  useful 

garden    I^ettuce.      Victoria,    or    Summer   Cabbage 

\  Lettuce,  is  both  a  large  and  good  summer  variety. 

\  The  Victoria   Red    Edge  is,  on   the  other  hand,  a 

Winter  Lettuce,  and  differs  but  little,  if  any,  from 

Vrand  Admiral.     Veitch's  Perfect  Green  Cabbage 

\ttuce,  and  Benary's  Green  Unctuous,  appear  to  be 

ali^e  ;    they   are   fine   green   Cabbage  Lettuces  for 

*iimtt»er  use,  and  represent  a  very  distinct  type^ 


the   Fulham    Hardy   White    Cos   for    late   summer 
sowing,  i?.  D. 


A  Curiosity  in  Pear  Trees.— Among  tht- 
pyramidal  Pear  trees  at  Chiswick  there  is  one  of 
(Charles  Van  Mons,  that  a  few  years  ago  was  cut 
back,  and  each  branch  grafted  with  Thomp3on".s 
Pear.  Some  time  since  the  trunk  threw  out  a 
shoot  near  the  top,  and  this  shoot  has  for  three  or 
four  years  past  borne  a  singular  cluster  of  fruit  of 
Charles  Van  Mons.  So  thick  are  the  Pears  set  upon 
the  small  branch  that  as  many  as  seventy  or  so  can 
be  counted  upon  a  small  space.  The  tree  presents  a 
singular  appearance  with  this  cluster  of  Charles  Van 
Mons  standing  out  so  distinctly  on  the  path  side  of 
the  tree. 


KEW  NOTES. 

Campancla  isophylla  and  alba. — This  Harebell, 
as  shown  in  the  gi-eenhouee  at  Kew,  is  certainly  oni- 
of  the  iinest  basket  plants  we  have  ever  seen  tried 
in  a  cool  house.  The  blue  and  white  varieties  an' 
mixed,  and  grown  in  large  wire  baskets  suspended 
from  the  roof,  and  just  at  present  very  little  of  the 
basket  can  be  seen  for  the  profusion  of  the  saucer- 
shaped  flowers.  Where  it  can  hang  or  trail  over 
stones  on  exposed  places  in  the  rockery  it  makes  a 
pretty  covering,  flowering  freely  in  such  a  season  as 
the  present.  In  severe  or  damp  winters,  however,  it 
generally  gets  killed,  but  it  is  so  readily  replaced  by 
cuttings  tliat  this  need  not  cause  any  inconvenience. 
Cuttings  struck  in  the  autumn  make  nice  flowering 
plants  for  the  following  summer  and  autumn,  and  if 
jilanted  0  inches  apart,  soon  meet.  C.  primultefolia 
is  also  a  desideratum  for  out-of-doors.  It  is  only  a 
biennial,  but  sows  itself  without  intruding  in  such 
iiuantities  as  to  become  troublesome.  It  rarely 
exceeds  "J  feet  in  height  :  flowers  resembling  C. 
pyramidalis,  but  with  dark  marking  towards  the 
base  of  the  bell.  D. 

FOCUSIA   TRIPHYLLA. 

This  Fuchsia  is  quite  different  in  habit,  iu  foliage, 
and  in  flowers  from  the  everyday  kinds,  and  it  is 
moreover  at  least  as  pretty  as  a  great  number  of 
them.  Some  examples  of  it  now  flowering  in  the 
Teraperate-house  at  Kew,  where  this  species  was 
first  brought  into  notice,  show  what  a  distinct  and 
really  first-rate  greenhouse  plant  it  is.  The  height 
of  the  largest  plant  is  about  2  feet,  branches  ascend- 
ing, with  nodding  tips,  from  whence  the  flowers  hang 
in  short  racemes.  The  tube  is  \k  inch  long,  and  the 
sepals  are  spreading,  as  in  other  Fuchsias  ;  but  the 
petals  are  so  short  as  to  be  hardly  seen — colour  a 
glowing  cinnabar-red.  The  flowers  last  a  con- 
siderable time,  and  they  are  freely  produced  on  well- 
grown  plants.  The  leaves  are  arranged  in  whorls 
of  three,  lience  the  name  ;  they  are  green  above, 
purplish  below.  The  species  is  a  native  of  the 
West  Indies.  I  have  been  told  that  this  plant 
was  the  type  for  the  genus,  and  that  it  had  been 
entirely  lost  to  botanists  till  its  reappearance  a  year 
or  two  ago.  W. 

Agaves. 

There  are  several  species  of  Agave  now  in  flower 
at  Kew,  the  most  striking  being  A.  lophantha.  It 
has  spear-shaped  leaves  about  3  feet  long,  and  is 
;ibout  3  feet  in  height.  The  flower-spike  ascends  to 
a  height  of  15  feet,  and  is  perfectly  straight.  Some 
idea  of  the  strength  of  the  scape  may  be  gathered 
from  the  fact  that  during  the  whole  of  the  recent 
stormy  weather  this  spike  has  been  wholly  unsup- 
ported, although  the  plant  is  standing  in  the  open. 
The  upper  two-thirds  is  thickly  clothed  with  hundreds 
of  flowers  and  buds,  all  of  them  arranged  along  the 
main  stalk,  which  is  unbranched  ;  they  are  greenish- 
white,  and  not  ornamental.  This  species  perishes 
on  flowering,  .so  that  any  one  interested  in  the 
Century  plant  may  see  in  this  one  which  flowers 
only  once  in  a  thousand — a  million  if  they  like — 
vears.  A.  dealbata  is  also  developing  a  spike,  but 
this  species  is  most  striking  in  the  beauty  of  its 
silvery  foliage.  The  Kew  collection  of  Agaves  is 
exceptionally  rich  now  in  number  of  species,  and 
many  of  them  are  represented  by  gigantic  specimens. 
Perhaps  the  plant  which  gardeners  would  covet  most 
is  A.  striata  var.  ensiformis,  a  specimen  of  which  is 
both  large  and  graceful,  though  perhaps  many  who 
read  this  will  smile  at  the  idea  of  gi-acefulness  in  an 
Agave.  W. 


ILtjsianthos  coccineus, 


the  Blood-flower  of  South  Africa,  is  now  in  very  flue 
flowering  condition  at  Kew.  Although  old  and  easy 
to  grow,  this  plant  has  not  become  as  well  known  as 
its  good  qualities  would  lead  one  to  expect.  The 
majority  of  the  llaimanthi  are  somewhat  difficult  to 
manage  successfully,  but  this  one  grows  and  increases 
rapidly  if  planted  in  a  rich  loamy  well-drained  soil, 
and   kept   in   a  gi-eenhouse  in  full  sunshine  whilst 


308 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  10,  1887. 


making  its  growth ;  it  should  afterwards  be  placed 
outside  to  ripen  and  push  up  its  large  heads  of  bright 
scarlet  flowers.  The  growing  season  is  from  Decem- 
ber to  May,  resting  season  from  May  to  August, 
when  the  flowers  appear  and  last  for  several  weeks. 
After  they  fade  the  plants  should  be  encouraged  to 
rest  till  the  end  of  the  year.  At  Kew  there  are  two 
very  large  clumps  of  this  species  planted  in  immense 
pans.  They  are  re-panned  every  two  years.  The 
species  is  characterised  by  a  large  compressed  bulb, 
from  which  two  long  broad  tongue-shaped  green 
leaves  are  annually  developed.  The  flowers  are 
borne  on  erect  scapes  and  are  enclosed  between 
large  bracts,  a  great  many  tubular  flowers  being  pro- 
duced in  each  head.  The  bracts  and  scape,  as  well 
as  the  flower.s,  are  of  the  brightest  scarlet.   W. 


KNIPHOFIA  MACOWANI. 

Amongst  the  dwarf  section  of  this  charming  genus 
■of  autumn  flowering  plants  this  should  certainly  find  a 
first  place.  It  is  in  full  flower  now,  and  notwitli- 
standing  the  severe  drought,  which  dwarfed 
many  of  the  more  robust  sorts,  K.  Macowani  has 
perhaps  suflered  least  of  all.  Witli  us  it  grows 
usually  .about  2  feet  high,  sending  up  numerous 
.flowerheads,  which  are  remarkable  in  having  the 
segment  tips  refloxed  instead  of  st.anding  straight 
out,  as  in  the  .aloidcs  section,  and  in  this  way  it  is 
nearly  allied  to  corallina  and  Leichtlmii.  The  differ- 
ence between  Macowani  and  corallina  we  have 
always  considered  slight,  the  former  having  glaucous 
and  the  latter  green  leaves ;  but  this  year  Mac- 
owani is  in  full  flower,  while  the  other  has  not  yet 
begun  to  throw  up,  and  is  at  least  a  month  behind. 
If  this  is  con.stant  it  will  be  an  important  character, 
not  only  in  separating  the  two,  but  in  making  tliem 
useful  for  snccessional  planting.  We  find  them  very 
useful  for  the  rockery,  where  their  neat  habit  does 
not  engross  the  space  allotted  to  other  plants.  K. 
Leichtlii  is  also  a  handsome  plant,  requiring  deep 
rich  soil  to  grow  it  well.  D. 


Colonial  Notes, 


NEW  ZEALAND. 

The  geographical  position  of  Auckland  is  latitude 
36°  5'  south,  and  longitude  174°  60'  east.  Situated 
as  it  is  on  two  magnificent  harbours  the  summer-heat 
is  tempered  with  pleasant  sea  breezes,  while  the 
winters  are  very  mild;  and,  being  subject  to  no 
extremes  of  heat  or  cold,  the  climate  is,  by  almost 
universal  testimony,  considered  to  be  one  of  the  best 
in  the  world. 

Meteorological  observations,  extending  over  a 
period  of  fifteen  years,  give  the  following  average 
results ;— Mean  barometer,  29-939  ;  mean  tempera- 
ture in  shade,  59°C  ;  total  rainfall,  44-651.  Number 
of  days  on  which  rain  fell,  187.  During  the 
month  (May),  which  corresponds  with  November  in 
Great  Britain,  a  good  deal  of  cool  wet  weather 
was  experienced.  The  state  of  the  weather  to-day 
<May  21)  is— barometer,  29-888;  thermometer  in 
complete  shade,  58°  ;  under  verandah,  with  roof 
subject  to  sun's  rays,  58°. 

Vegetation  makes  very  rapid  growth  when  moisture 
is  plentiful.  The  climate  somewhat  resembles 
that  of  Great  Britain,  though  the  mean  annual  tem- 
perature is  some  degrees  higher,  but  more  equable,  and 
is  very  favourable  for  agricultural  purposes.  Instruc- 
tion in  agriculture  and  botany  are  subjects  now 
taught  in  the  Auckland  University,  and,  considering 
the  importance  of  such  instruction  in  a  colony  where 
60  much  depends  upon  agriculture  and  fruit  cultiva- 
tion, it  is  highly  probable  that  a  considerable  number 
of  students  will  avail  themselves  of  the  instruction 
now  off"ered,  and  in  after  life  be  induced  to  engage 
in  agriculture  or  kindred  pursuits.  As  an  instance 
of  the  rapidity  with  which  land  may  be  brought 
under  cultivation  and  crops  obtained,  I  may  mention 
that  I  have  to-day  seen   some  Potatos,  fine  large 


tubers  of  the  Ilobart  variety,  which  were  grown  by 
some  new  settlers  at  Hokianga,  on  land  wliich  in  the 
middle  of  December  last  was  covered  with  bush. 
Fine  crops  of  Water  Melons,  Vegetable  Marrows, 
and  Pumpkins  grown  on  the  same  block  of  land,  have 
also  been  sent  in  to  market.  It  is  no  uncommon 
thing  here  to  see  Pumpkins  of  a  variety  named  Iron 
Bark,  weighing  from  100  to  115  lb.  ;  and  Vegetable 
Marrows,  20  to  24  inches  in  length. 

Auckland  is  well  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  Euro- 
pean vegetables,  the  greater  portion  being  grown  by 
Chinese  gardeners,  of  whom  there  are  a  good  many 
located  iu  the  district.  A  poll-tax  o(  £10  per  head 
is  levied  by  the  Government  on  all  Chinamen  landed 
in  the  colony. 

For  some  mouths  past  I  have  daily  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  observing  the  progi-ess  made  by  a  party  of 
four  Chinamen,  who  have  taken  a  block  of  about 
'•>  acres  of  land  for  market  gardening,  and  I  could  not 
fail  to  notice  the  systematic  and  workmanlike 
manner  in  which  they  proceeded  in  breaking  up, 
laying  out,  and  planting  the  different  beds,  every 
available  yard  of  land  being  utilised.  Their  method 
of  planting  out  some  of  the  crops  in  rows  would, 
perhaps,  not  suit  the  eye  of  the  head  of  the  culinary 
department  of  a  well-organised  establishment  at 
home,  for  the  Chinese,  so  far  as  I  have  observed,  do 
not  include  garden  lines  among  their  implements, 
they  nevertheless  succeed  in  producing  heavy  crops 
of  good  marketable  vegetables. 

Fruit  is  plentiful  here  at  present,  a  steamer 
having  just  arrived  from  Fiji  and  the  South  Sea 
Islands  with  a  cargo  of  firuit  in  good  condition.  The 
principal  kinds  brought  are  Oranges,  Limes,  Pine- 
apples, Figs,  Cocoa-nuts,  Bananas,  and  Pea-nuts,  or 
earth-nuts  (Arachis  hypogiea). 

The  juvenile  fraternity  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
wharf  hail  with  delight  the  arrival  of  an  island 
steamer  with  a  cargo  of  fruit,  and  they  are  quickly 
alongside  the  steamer  on  the  off-chance  of  making  a 
haul. 

Among  the  more  rare  kinds  of  fruit  I  noticed  fine 
il)ecimens  of  the  Bread-fruit  tree  (Artocarpus  in- 
cisa),  the  Japanese  Persimmon,  also  some  Walnuts 
and  Chestnuts  ;  the  three  last-mentioned  kinds  were 
the  produce  of  plants  growing  in  Auckland  district. 

The  following  are  the  prices  realised  by  public 
auction  for  a  portion  of  the  fruit  cargo  above  referred 
to  ; — Seven  hundred  bunches  of  Bananas  were  sold  for 
2.S.  (Sd.  to  35.  Qd.  each;  forty  crates  Pine-apples, 
4.5.  ?(Z.  to  5.«.  9d.  per  dozen;  forty  sacks  Cocoa-nuts, 
't^.Zd.  to  7s.  9(i. ;  fifteen  sacks  Earth-nuts,  2c?.  per 
pound  ;  twenty  sacks  Walnuts,  bhd. ;  1000  boxes  of 
Figs  fetched  6s.  Gd,  per  dozen. 

I  have  during  the  past  year  visited  two  exhibitions 
held  by  the  Auckland  Horticultural  Society.  The 
exhibits  of  fruit,  especially  Apples,  for  size,  quality 
and  variety,  I  have  never  seen  equalled  at  any  ex- 
hibition in  England.  This  morning  I  examined 
some  fine  specimens  of  Apples,  the  produce  of  trees 
planted  on  Maori  land  thirty  years  ago.  The  trees, 
it  is  said,  have  never  been  pruned  or  received  any 
care  whatever,  are  still  growing  in  quite  a  wild  state, 
surrounded  with  "  titree,"  and  produce  abundant  and 
excellent  crops  of  fruit  every  year. 

A  writer  in  the  New  Zea/a7td  Herald  has  drawn 
attention  to  some  flowers  of  Physianthus  recently 
forwarded  to  the  Auckland  Museum.  From  the 
description  given  of  the  plant  it  is  probably  Physian- 
thus albens  of  South  America.  The  plant 
here  referred  to  was  introduced  iuto  Wanganui 
(where  it  has  done  well)  by  way  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  by  Major  Lockett.  The  plant  is  an  evergreen 
climber,  and  blooms  throughout  the  whole  summer 
and  autumn.  The  flowers  being  sweet-scented,  and 
producing  abundance  of  honey,  are  very  attractive  to 
moths  of  all  kinds.  In  order  to  reach  the  honey  the 
proboscis  of  the  moth  has  to  be  passed  through  a 
narrow  cleft,  which  is  so  shaped  that  although  the 
proboscis  can  be  inserted  readily  enougii  it  is  by  no 
means  an  easy  matter  for  the  moth  to  withdraw  it. 
As  a  matter  of  fact  great  numbers  of  moths  are 
unable  to  free  themselves,  and  arc  held  prisoners  at 
the  entrance  of  the  flowers  until  thev  die. 


It  has  thus  been  suggested  that  if  plants  of  the 
Physianthus  were  trained  up  the  trunks  of  the  Apple 
trees,  numbers  of  the  codlin-moth  would  be  cap- 
tured and  killed.  It  is  stated  that  during  the  whole 
of  the  past  summer,  the  flowers  were  loaded  with 
dead  moths.  The  flowers  sent  to  the  Auckland 
museum  all  contain  dead  moths.  A  few  days  ago 
Maoris  were  offering  for  sale  here  a  stock  of  the 
'■  Kumara,"  a  kind  of  sweet  Potato  (Convolvnlns 
chrysorrhizus),  of  which  there  are  several  varieties 
cultivated,  the  tubers  differing  in  shape  and  colour 
just  as  in  the  Potato.  The  "  Kumara  "  forms  one  of 
the  principal  articles  of  vegetable  food  of  the  Maoris, 

I  believe  attempts  were  made  some  years  ago  by 
Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  of  Kew,  to  introduce  the 
"  Kumara  "  into  England,  but  I  have  never  learned 
with  what  success.  Edgar  Spooler,  AucJcland,  Maij2\. 
(See  Gardeners  Chronicle,  1883,  vol.  xx.,  p.  601.) 

A  Botanical  Rabity. 

I  was  recently  rambling  over  the  Banks  Peninsula, 
Canterbury,  N.Z.,  and  came  across  a  Cyathea  deal- 
bata  (Silver-leaved  Tree  Fern),  having  branched  in 
three  stems,  each  bearing  beautiful  fronds,  giving  it 
an  elegant  but  curious  appearance.  The  main 
caudex  was  about  4  feet  high  ;  it  then  branched  into 
a  tripod,  each  stem  being  about  4  feet  in  length. 
This  abnormality,  1  believe,  is  rare.  The  oc- 
currence of  lateral  branches  among  Tree 
Ferns  is  by  no  means  common ;  at  the  same 
time,  while  from  the  rarity  of  its  occurrence  I 
look  on  such  mode  of  growth  as  abnormal,  and  as 
induced  by  some  unusual  cause,  perhaps  by  accident 
to  the  terminal  bud  by  a  limb  of  a  tree  falling  upon 
it,  or  by  the  interference  of  cattle,  the  ultimate 
reason  of  its  occurrence  is  probably  not  far  to  seek. 
I  have  come  across  double-crowned  Cyathea  deal- 
bata  and  C.  Smithii,  and  know  of  their  whereabouts 
at  the  present  time,  and  would  send  home  a  stem  for 
examination  if  likely  to  throw  any  light  on  this 
phenomenon.  W.  A.  Carpenter,  Christchurch,  N.Z., 
July  23. 

The   Teansvaai.. 

A  Sew  Gladiolus. — In  December  last,  when 
on  my  way  to  Barberton,  the  capital  of  the 
Transvaal  gold  fields,  I  came  across  a  very 
distinct  species  of  Gladiolus  in  about  26°  S.  lat., 
growing  in  black  loam  amongst  rocks,  fully 
exposed  to  the  sun  at  a  height  of  6300  feet 
above  the  sea.  It,  at  the  time  I  saw  it,  showed  leaves 
only,  which,  as  to  size  and  thickness  resembled 
Phormium  tenax.  A  flower-stem  of  last  year  was 
just  over  6  feet  high.  By  a  friend's  kindness  I  have 
just  received  matured  corms  of  the  above,  which  have 
been  placed  in  Professor  Foster's  hands.  1  am  in- 
formed that  the  flowers  are  pink.  It  is  not  likely,  I 
think,  to  prove  Thunberg's  Gladiolus  grandis;  and 
not  having  seen  the  figure  of  Baker's  G.  crassifoliua 
in  Trimen's  Journal,  1876,  t.  334,  I  can  offer  no 
opinion  as  to  its  identity.  As  the  Flora  Capensis 
goes  no  farther  than  Campanulacea;,  the  study  of  all 
South  African  Monocotyledons,  without  a  good 
library  at  one's  elbow,  is  most  diSicult.  i?.  W.  Adlam^ 
Mariizhurg,  Natal. 


The  Apiary. 


MARKETING   HONEY. 

There  is  a  great  deal  of  art  in  getting  honey  ready 
for  the  market,  and  more  work  perhaps  is  connected 
with  this  than  with  any  otlier  part  of  the  work  of 
the  apiary.  I  have  heard  that  "Tomatos  are  packed 
best  by  the  French,  and  that  no  little  amount  of  their 
success  in  selling  is  solely  due  to  this  fact.  At  any 
rate  it  is  certain  that  the  more  trouble  there  is  taken 
with  the  packing  of  honey  the  better  will  be  the  sale 
thereof.  For  extracted  honey  there  is  nothing  like 
putting  it  up  into  neat  bottles  holding  1  lb  or  2  lb.  ,' 
each.  Ornamental  labels  can  be  obtained  veri  / 
cheaply,  and  would  add  to  the  appearance.  It  would 
even  be  advisable  to  select  some  pretty  kind  of 
bottle,  and  always  keep  to  the  same,  so  that  even  .is 
a  tree  is  known  by  its  fruit  the  beekeeper  would  be 


Sbptesibkk  10,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


309 


k.no\\'Ti  by  his  bottle.  When  sections  are  taken  ont 
of  the  hive  they  will  most  likely  be  more  or  less 
covered  with  propolis  :  scrape  all  this  off  and  then 
put  them  into  some  kind  of  box  with  glass  sides, 
Woodley's  are  very  pretty  indeed,  and  not  very  dear. 
Besides,  when  people  are  buying  they  could  buy  them 
'minus  the  case  if  thev  liked,  which  would  make  the 
sections  a  little  cheaper.  As  soon  as  honey  is  made 
attractive  to  the  eye,  as  well  as  pleasing  to  the  palate, 
there  will  not  be  much  trouble  in  selling  it ;  at  any 
rate,  that  is  my  experience.  Never  send  out  a  dirtv 
article,  and  employ  an  extractor  with  its  useful 
treacle  tap ;  it  is  so  easily  washed  out  and  kept  clean. 
Walter  Chitty,  Pewsey. 


Forestry. 


Stool-Grown  Oak, — Sir  James  Campbell,  in  pub- 
lishing the  results  of  the  series  of  Dean  Forest 
tree-measurements,  furnished  foresters  who  believed 
in  transplanting  young  trees  with  a  good  argument. 
The  figures  show  that  in  the  earlier  years  of  a  tree's 
existence  an  untransplanted  seedling  grows  more 
rapidly  than  one  which  has  been  replanted  ;  but  they 
also  show  that  in  the  course  of  time  the  untrans- 
planted tree  loses  this  advantage,  and  is  outstripped 
by  the  replanted  one.  These  data,  I  believe,  are 
now  pretty  well  known  ;  but  there  is  another  ques- 
tion in  Oak  propagation,  nearly  allied  to  this,  which 
will  bear  looking  into,  viz.,  the  relative  amount  of 
timber  produced  in  a  given  time  from  stool- 
grown  trees  and  from  seedling  —  transplanted  or 
not.  In  some  of  the  Oak  woods  here — and  these 
are  chiefly  oh  strong  retentive  clay — it  is  the 
practice  to  raise  succeeding  crops  from  the  stools 
of  the  felled  trees.  As  with  many  branches  of 
the  forester's  art,  this  is  probably  done  from  time  to 
time  without  any  inquiry  into  its  merits.  This  in- 
quiry I  wish  to  raise.  So  far  my  observations  have 
been  of  a  general  character,  but  they  tend  to 
strengthen  my  belief  that  the  growth  of  trees  so 
raised  proceeds  something  on  the  lines  which  the 
Dean  Forest  experiments  indicate,  viz.,  that  the 
young  Oaks  during  the  first  years  grow  more  rapidly 
from  old  stools,  but  that  ultimately  the  seedling  tree, 
whether  transplanted  or  not.  leaves  it  in  the  lurch. 
There  may  be  other  reasons,  but  the  most  natural 
explanation  is,  that  the  stool-groivn  tree  in  its  earlier 
years  has  such  a  large  root  area  to  draw  from 
that  the  young  seedling  cannot  keep  pace  with  it. 
These  roots,  h  owever,  lose  their  vitality  as  time  goes  on , 
but  the  young  seedling  increases  year  by  year  in 
vigour,  and  will  continue  to  make  good  progress 
long  after  the  stool  has  been  exhausted.  Assuming 
this  to  be  correct,  the  plain  inference  is,  that  if  it  is 
only  intended  to  groiv  poles  it  is  more  profitable 
to  utilise  the  old  stool,  but  that  in  plantations 
of  a  more  permanent  nature,  i.e.,  for  the  produc- 
tion of  large  timber,  saplings  only  should  be  used. 
The  stool-trees  of  which  I  have  spoken  seem  to 
grow  on  well  until  they  reach  .35  to  45  inches  in 
circumference  at  10  feet  from  the  ground,  after 
this  they  remain  comparatively  stationary.  This  is 
not  the  fault  of  the  soil,  as  large  trees  grow  on  the 
outskirts,  presumably  from  the  acorn.  JO.  J.  Y., 
Li/ncham,  Wilts. 


The  Flower  Garden. 


As  the  days  shorten  the  bedding  plants  have  a 
longer  period  in  which  to  grow,  and  as  a  consequence 
they  become  drawn  where  standing  crowded  together. 
It  is  better,  therefore,  to  sacrifice  a  few  side-shoots 
in  order  to  prevent  this,  and  to  a  certain  extent  the 
loss  of  the  foliage  from  want  of  light  and  air.  See 
■  that  ail  tall  gi-owers  are  securely  fastened.  Lawns 
vill  require  to  be  frequently  swept  to  clear  them  of 
f.'iUen  leaves  and  wormcasts,  and  the  scythe  should 
)>e  employed  to  clear  them  of  bents.  The  late  rains 
have  much  improved  the  turf,  and  the  mowing- 
miiching  will  require  to  be  more  frequently  used  than 
it  has  been  during  the  past  two  months.  The  neces- 
sary quantity  of  bulbs  for  planting  in  the  beds  should 
be  obtained  as  soon  as  possible,  so  as  to  secure  the 
best.  As  a  rule  bulbs  are  well  matured  this  vear, 
and  should  afford  good  bloom. 

Alpine  and  HcrhaeeoiLS  Plants.— The  more  delicate 
sorts  of  alp'.nes  may  now  be  placed  under  cover  in  those 
structures  where  they  are  wintered.  The  coverings 
should  not,  however,  be  placed  over  them  unless  to 
shield  them  from  excessive  rainfall.     Where  anv  of 


the  plants  are  found  to  be  too  wet  the  pots  should 
be  laid  on  their  sides  for  a  time,  and  in  order  to 
expel  worms  the  plants  should  be  watered  occasion- 
ally with  clear  lime-water  ;  the  drainage  should  also 
be  examined  to  see  that  all  is  clear  of  obstruction. 
Continue  the  transplanting  of  hardy  herbaceous  and 
perennial  plants  which  have  been  reared  from 
cuttings  or  seeds,  leaving  the  weaker  plants  in  the 
nursery  until  spring.  Continue  to  put  in  cuttings 
of  Phloxes,  Pentstemons,  and  other  plants.  Where 
much  stock  is  required  put  in  quantities  of  Pansy 
cuttings  in  pots  for  early  blooming,  and  any  whicli 
are  sufficiently  rooted  may  be  transplanted  into  beds 
which  have  been  previously  worked  and  manured. 
In  cold  localities  which  are  early  visited  by  frost 
Violets  should  be  lifted  from  the  open  and  placed  in 
their  winter  quarters.  The  site  should  be  one  facing 
south  or  south-west,  where  every  ray  of  sunshine  can 
be  secured.  Place  plenty  of  spent  leaves  in  the  pits 
as  a  basis  on  which  to  rest  the  plants,  treading  them 
quite  firm.  Leave  only  sufficient  space  for  the  plants 
to  clear  the  glass.  When  lifting  secure  as  much  ball 
as  possible,  and  fill  in  betwixt  the  balls  with  some 
nice  light  compost.  Give  all  a  good  soaking  of  tepid 
water,  and  mulch  with  a  couple  of  inches  of  cocoa- 
nut  fibre,  to  prevent  evaporation  and  keep  the 
flowers  clean.  Keep  the  sashes  off,  unless  to  protect 
the  plants  from  rain. 

Sknibs  and  Trees. — Embrace  the  opportunity  of 
showery  weather  for  the  transplanting  of  evergreen 
trees  and  shrubs.  This  is  of  all  seasons  the  most 
suitable  time  for  removing  such,  as  they  have  got  the 
autumn  before  thera  to  re-establish  themselves ;  in 
spring  they  have  to  encounter  frost  and  winds,  which 
severely  rob  them  of  moisture.  Pavia  macrostachya 
is  a  very  desirable  shrub  to  plant,  on  account  of  its 
flowering  in  August.  There  are  not  many  trees  and 
shrubs  which  blossom  at  this  season  of  the  year. 
Another  recommendation  is  supplied  by  its  graceful 
foliage.  The  Pavia  grows  to  a  height  of  10  feet,  and 
is  wide-spreading  in  habit.  The  bloom-spikes  are 
nearly  a  foot  in  length,  and  fragrant.  It  is  not 
fastidious  as  regards  soil  or  situation,  but  flourishes 
in  greatest  perfection  in  a  moist  position,  and  has  a 
fine  appearance  by  the  side  of  ornamental  water. 
W.  M,  Baillic.  Luton  Hoo  Gardens. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


THE  PLANT  STOVE. 

The  temperature  of  this  house  may  be  so  gradually 
lessened  that  the  plants  may  experience  no  in- 
jurious check;  the  atmospheric  moisture  being  also 
reduced  in  a  corresponding  degree,  the  conditions 
being  regulated  in  accordance  with  the  weather. 
The  plants  must  be  brought  by  degrees  to  do  with- 
out shade,  that  their  tissues  may  be  matured  so  as 
to  endure  the  winter  treatment.  Climbers  upon  roofs 
where  they  form  a  canopy  of  foliage,  although  in  them- 
selves attractive,  have  an  injurious  effect  upon  the 
plants  beneath  by  excluding  light,  and  should  have 
all  weak  growths  and  those  that  have  blossomed 
pruned  off.  As  a  rule,  ornamental  foliage  plants, 
although  their  colours  are  not  so  bright  when  grown 
beneath  climbers,  yet  they  do  not  suffer  in  the  same  de- 
gree as  flowering  plants  under  similar  conditions.  The 
cause  is  obvious,  that  imperfectly  matured  wood  can 
develope  fine  foliage  and  yet  be  incapable  of  producing 
flowers  ;  and  for  this  reason  flowering  plants  should 
not  be  kept  under  the  shade  of  climbing  plants. 
Keep  such  subjects  as  Ixoras,  Rondeletias,  Vincas, 
&c.,  in  a  fresh  state  as  long  as  possible  ;  to  this  end 
they  should  be  kept  in  a  moderately  dry  and  buoyant 
temperature,  air  being  admitted  on  favourable  days, 
under  which  conditions  the  wood  will  get  ripened  and 
the  flowers  preserved.  Toassist  in  keeping  up  a  display 
at  this  season  Anthurium  Andreanum  is  invaluable, 
and  if  kept  dry  the  spathes  will  last  in  perfection 
for  a  long  time,  and  Hedychiums  should  be  fed  with 
liquid  manure  to  assist  their  late  formed  stems  to 
flower.  In  order  to  give  choice  ornamental  foliage 
plants  sufficient  room,  so  as  to  keep  them  in  perfect 
health  during  the  winter,  a  weeding-out  has  usually 
to  be  made,  and  in  most  cases  it  is  found  advisable 
to  remove  the  largest  specimens  of  the  fast  growing, 
easil)'  propagated  kinds.  With  such  plants  got  rid 
of  there  is  the  opportunity  to  give  the  other  plants 
and  the  interior  of  the  house  a  thorough  cleansing. 
Such  plants  as  require  tying  or  staking  should  be 
attended  to.  In  re-arranging  the  occupants  the 
wants  of  the  plants  ought  to  have  the  first  considera- 
tion, at  the  same  time  having  an  eye  to  effect.  T. 
Coomher,  Hendre  Gardens,  Monmouth. 


Apples  and  Pears. — The  ingathering  of  the^e 
fruits  will  now  claim  attention,  many  early  and  mid- 
season  varieties  having  now  arrived  at  maturity.  The 
fruit-room  should  be  prepared  for  the  reception  of 
the  fruit,  and  then  the  early  varieties  of  Apples 
should  be  gathered  in  first,  such  as  Lord  Grosvenor, 
Nelson's  Glory,  Peasgood's  Nonsuch,  Dutch  Codlin, 
Worcester  Pearmain,  Potts'  Seedling,  Stirling  Castle, 
Hawthornden,  and  Ecklinville  Seedling.  Any  of 
these  can  be  used  for  culinary  purposes  to  follow 
Lord  Suftield  and  Keswick  Codlin  varieties.  Kerry 
Pippin  should  also  be  gathered  for  dessert  purposes. 
Of  course  later  varieties  should  remain  on  the  trees 
for  some  time  yet  to  come.  Of  Pears  those  varieties 
that  are  now  fit  to  be  gathered  in  may  be  mentioned 
Beurre  d'Amanlis,  Souvenir  du  Congres,  Colmar 
d'Ete,  Beurre  de  I'Assomption,  and  that  good  old 
Pear,  Seckel,  will  shortly  be  fit  for  gathering.  The 
fruit  should  be  gathered  with  care  and  placed  on  the 
shelves  in  the  fruit-room,  all  light  being  excluded; 
but  the  windows  should  remain  open,  so  as  to  keep 
the  temperature  as  low  as  possible.  It  will  now  be 
a  busy  time  amongst  the  Plums,  gathering  for  pre- 
serving as  the  different  varieties  on  standard  trees 
become  ripe,  requiring  constant  attention.  The 
fruits  of  the  dessert  varieties  on  walls  must  be  pro- 
tected by  netting  and  muslin,  to  secure  them  from 
the  attacks  of  insects  and  birds.  E.  Ward,  Newell, 
BTomsgroi'C. 


The  Kitchen  Garden. 


C.\nBAGE. — Prepare  a  plot  of  ground  for  planting 
out  the  main  and  successional  crop  of  spring  Cabbage ; 
this  should  be  well  manured  with  rotten  farmyarcl 
dung,  and  allowed  to  settle  down,  after  being  dug, 
for  a  few  days,  and  made  firm  before  planting.  If 
required,  and  plants  are  plentiful,  the  small  and 
earlier  varieties  may  be  planted  much  closer  together 
than  they  are  finally  intended  to  remain.  Wheeler's 
Imperial,  EUam's  Early,  or  other  dwarf  growing 
varieties,  may  be  planted  in  shallow  drills,  9  inches 
apart  and  18  inches  asunder,  and  allowed  to  remain 
so  until  spring,  when  every  alternate  plant  can  be 
drawn  out  for  early  use ;  larger  and  later  varieties, 
such  as  Enfield  Market  and  Large  York,  should  have 
a  space  of  from  18  inches  to  2  feet  each  way  allotted 
them.  Young  plants  in  the  seed-beds  must  not  be 
allowed  to  become  weakly  by  crowding,  but,  in  the 
event  of  their  permanent  quarters  not  being  ready, 
pricked  out  temporarily  into  beds, 

Polaios. — Lift  these  as  they  become  ready,  and 
store  when  in  a  dry  state,  and,  if  circumstances 
permit,  the  tubers  may  be  allowed  to  remain  on  the 
ground  for  a  few  hours  before  being  stored.  A  dry, 
dark  store  shed  is  the  most  suitable  and  convenient 
for  storing  in,  but  where  such  suitable  accommoda- 
tion is  wanting,  they  are  best  stored  in  pits  outside. 
Care  should  be  taken  not  to  put  too  many  together 
in  bulk,  nor  to  cover  them  too  deeply  with  protecting 
material  and  soil  at  first,  for  fear  of  promoting 
growth,  but  later,  and  as  a  protection  against  frost, 
additional  covering  can  be  added. 

Turnips.— Thin  out,  and  hoe  between  the  drills  of 
late  sowings ;  those  in  a  usable  stage  should  be 
pulled  up  before  tliey  become  too  large  or  pithy,  and 
placed  in  a  cool  shed  for  present  use. 

Carrots. — Early  Horn  Carrots,  on  beds  or  borders, 
and  which  have  completed  their  growth,  would  also 
be  much  better  if  lifted  and  placed  in  a  similar 
situation  as  advised  for  Turnips,  or  they  may  be  laid 
in  soil  for  present  use. 

Parsnips. — These  should  be  taken  up  as  required 
for  use,  and  at  no  time  will  they  be  found  better  in 
quality  than  at  present,  it  being  quite  a  mistake 
to  suppose  this  useful  vegetable  is  only  eatable  after 
frosty  weather.  At  any  time  after  they  are  large 
enouf^h,  if  used  fresh,  and  under  similar  conditions  to 
young  Carrots,  they  will  be  found  an  excellent  dish. 

Toynatos.-  Plants  on  outside  borders,  and  growing 
against  walls,  will  be  fast  maturing  their  crop ;  con- 
tinue to  keep  all  growths  closely  pinched  back,  so  as 
to  expose  the  fruit  to  the  sun  and  light,  and  when  it; 
is  partially  coloured  take  ofl'  and  place  in  a  dry  warm 
place  to  ripen.  Plants  under  glass  intended  for 
winter  supply  will  be  covering  the  trellis-work,  and 
should  be  encouraged  to  set  a  crop  by  maintain- 
ing a  dry,  buoyant  temperature.  John  Austen,  Witlnjf 
Court. 


310 


TEE    GARDENERS'     CERONICLE. 


[September  10,  1887. 


SUBSCRIBERS     TO 
'T'HE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

-*-  who  experience  any  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  Copies  regularhi,  are  particularly  requested 
to  communicate  with  the  Publisher  (in  cases  of 
delay  in  the  delivery  by  post,  the  cover  should  be 
forwarded  with  complaint), 

W.   RICHARDS,    41,     Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


TIT15SDAY. 


MEETINGS. 

Sept  13  V  Royal  Horticultural  Society:  Fniit 
\     and  Floral  Committees. 


SHOWS. 

I  National  Chrysanthemum  Society  : 

Exhibition    of     Early    Chrysan- 

I      themums,  Dahlias,  and  Gladioli. 

WEDNESDAY,  Sept.  U  \      Eoyal    Aquariiun,    Westminster 

(two  days). 

Brighton  and  Sussex  Horticultural 

As-sofiation  (two  days). 

{Fruits  and  Flowers  at  the  Jubilee 
Exhibition,  Manchester  (two 
days). 

SALES 

/  Dutch  Bulbs,  in  variety,  at  Stevens' 
I      Rooms. 
MONDAY.  Skpt,  12/  '^"l""'  '''7>''/  *^'?  °^  Greenhouse 

\      Plants  at  Dysons  Lane  Nursery. 


TUESDAY.         Sept.  13 


WEDNESDAY,  Sk 


C  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 

Annual  Trade  Sale  of  Greenhous,- 
,  Plants,  at  the  Eurut  Ash  Lane 
J  Nurseries,  Lee,  by  Protheroe  & 
^      Morris. 

{Dutch  Bulbs,  4(H)  Azaleaindicafrom 
Ghent,  Collection  of  Orchids  iu 
Flower  and  Bud,  and  SS  Cases  of 
Imported   Orchids,     at     Stevens' 
Rooms. 
Annual  Trade  Sale  of  Greenhouse 
Plants,  at  the  Lea  Bridge  Road 
Nurseries,  Leyton,  by  Protheroe  & 
Morris. 
{Importations  of  Orchids  from  Mr. 
F.  Sander,  and  Dutch  Bulbs,  at 
Stevens'  Booms. 
Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris- 
Rooms. 
Annual  Trade  Sale  of  Greenhouse 
Plants,  at  Brunswick  Nursery,  Tot- 
tenham, by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 
fVanda  Sanderiana,  and   other    Or- 
chids,    at   Protheroe    &    Morris' 
Rooms. 
*  '"'J  Annual  Trade  Sale  of  Greenhouse 
I      Plants,    at    Longlands    Nurserj', 
',     Sidcup,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 

1  Dutch  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at 
Stevens'  Rooms. 
Dutch  Bulbs  from  Holland,  at  Pro 
theroe  &  Morris'  Rooms. 
Trade  Sale  of  Palms  and  Ferns  at 
the  Woodlands  Nursery,  Lewis- 
ham,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 


ScAECKLY   have   we   had  time  to 
^"perrs""*       examine  the  report  of  the     Tear 

Conference,  issued  by  the  lioyal 
Horticultural  Society  under  the  editorship  of  Jlr. 
A.  F.  Barron,  than  we  are  confronted  with  a 
similar  publication  issued  under  the  anspice.s  of 
the  Koyal  Caledonian  Ilorticnltural  Society  by 
Mr.  Malcolm  Dunn.  The  report  of  the  "  Apple 
and  Pear  Conference  "  held  by  the  Royal  Cale- 
donian Horticultural  Society  in  Edinburgh  from 
November  2.")  to  28,'_I88r),  is  far  too  important  to 
be  dismissed  in  a  paragraph,  hence  we  content 
ourselves  for  the  moment  with  the  announcement 
of  its  publication,  and  the  statement  that  it  may 
be  had  from  Messrs.  Maclaciu.-vn  &  Ste-wabt, 
of  Edinburgh.  It  is  impossible,  however,  to 
suppress  the  obvious  reflection,  that  a  great  deal 
of  superfliiDus  labour  and  e.tpense  has  been 
incurred,  which  might  have  been  avoided  if  the 
Uoyal  Horticultural  Society  of  England  were  truly 
national.  As  it  is,  we  have  two  separate  reports- 
three  in  fact — largely  contributed  to  by  the  same 
men,  dealing  with  the  same  m.iterial8,  and  from 
the  same  .sources  though  at  different  times.  While 
preserving  all  the  specially  national  characteristics 
upon  which  Scotsmen  pride  themselves  with  so 


much  justice,  it  would  have  been  perfectly  prac- 
ticable to  have  welded  two  of  the  three  documents, 
if  not  all  three,  into  one  British  report.  Indirectly, 
at  lea,st,  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  must  be 
credited  with  this  double  expenditure  of  time  and 
labour,  which  might  have  been  avoided  were  the 
London  .Society  really  national  in  its  aim. 

At  the  same  time,  no  doubt,  some  advantage 
has  arisen  from  the  division  of  labour,  and  it  is 
possible  that  Scottish  interests  may  have  been 
even  better  represented  by  this  .special  report 
than  by  the  more  general  one  issued  by  the 
Metropolitan  Society.  Special  interests,  how- 
ever, ought  to  give  way  to  the  general  welfare 
and  to  the  general  interests  of  national  horticul- 
ture ;  and  we  can  but  think  that  a  federal  union 
of  the  two  societies — preserving  the  executive 
individuality  of  each,  but  combining  the  influ- 
ence of  each  into  one  whole  for  general  purposes 
— would  have  resulted  in  even  better  results  than 
those  now  secured.  .Such  are  the  first  impressions 
forced  upon  us  by  a  glance  at  the  Scottish  report. 
It  is  possible  that  a  more  detailed  examination 
may  lead  us  to  modify  these  views.  In  the 
meantime  we  can  but  most  heartily  congratulate 
the  Royal  Caledonians  on  their  energy  and  pluck, 
and  in  the  interests  of  horticulture  in  general 
give  utterance  to  our  satisfaction  and  gratitude. 


Of   the  many  horticultural  trea- 
Maples  sures    that    the   earlier   explorers 

in  .lapan  brought  to  Europe, 
few  seem  destined  to  find  more  favour  with 
the  possessors  of  gardens  than  the  .Japanese 
Maples,  Acer  polymorphum  and  its  numerous 
varieties.  These  graceful,  deciduous,  hard-wooded 
shrubs  and  half-trees,  which  are  as  easily  grown 
in  pots  and  tubs  as  in  the  open  ground,  afford 
effects  of  contrasts  with  other  plants,  flowering 
or  otherwise,  scarcely  attainable  with  any  other 
subjects.  Especially  is  this  observable  during 
the  spring  and  early  summer  time,  when  the 
tender  young  shoots  assume  their  delicate  tints, 
and  in  the  ripening  period  of  autumn,  when  the 
whole  of  the  foliage  is  gorgeous  with  the  hues  of 
the  Virginian  Creeper.  The  plants  are  hardy 
enough  to  'withstand  the  cold  of  winter  in  our 
southern  coimties  and  in  Ireland,  and  at  the 
coast — almost  everywhere — if  the  essentials  of 
good  drainage,  natural  or  otherwise,  and  some 
shelter,  preferably  afforded  by  other  shrubs,  be 
given  them. 

When  grown  for  conservatory  decoration,  to 
be  forced  into  leaf  during  the  winter,  or  to  come 
on  naturally,  the  plants  should  be  placed  in  open 
but  sheltered  situations,  with  their  pots — if  the 
plants  are  grown  in  such  vessels — sunk  in  a  bed 
of  fine  gravel  or  coal  ashes.  If  grown  in  wooden 
tubs,  some  means  must  be  adopted  to  shelter  the 
roots  from  the  direct  action  of  the  sun.  The 
main  considerations  should  be  the  attainment  of 
perfect  ripeness  in  the  wood  and  a  pl&asing  form, 
the  latter  being  brought  about  by  the  careful 
use  of  the  pruning-knife. 

The  varieties  first  brought  to  this  country 
were  Acer  polymorphum  sanguineum  and  A. 
p.  atropnrpureum,  the  former  having  the  young 
growth  dark  crimson,  changing  to  red-purple  as 
it  ages ;  and  thi.^  latter  having  young  shoots  of 
bright  crimson  which  afterwards  become  dark 
claret.  These  two  varieties  are  amongst  the 
hardiest,  and  are  therefore  good  to  plant  in  cold 
localities.  A.  p.  palmatum  is  another  service- 
able variety,  of  a  green  colour,  but  changing  to 
beautiful  tints  in  autumn.  \  variety  of  this, 
called  laciniatum,  is  very  light  and  graceful;  the 
shoots  have  reddish-coloured  points,  and  it  dies 
off  in  bright  colours ;  another  form,  p.  roseo- 
marginatum,  has  finely  cut  leaves,  with  rose- 
coloured  edges  :  it  is  pretty,  but  is  apt 
to    run    out,    as   sportl   often    will    do.     A    p. 


palmatifidum  has  foliage  that  is  long,  pen- 
dulous, and  finely  cut,  the  habit  partaking  of  the 
same  character.  A.  p.  dissectum,  with  crimson 
foliage,  has  a  similar  habit.  A  tall  tree-like 
form  is  found  in  Cratajgifolia:  it  is  distinct, 
and  worthy  of  being  planted  where  space  can 
be  afforded  it.  A.  p.  septemnovum  elegans  i» 
light  green  in  colour,  the  shoots  having  rosy  tips. 
It  is  very  handsome,  and  excellent  for  growing 
in  pots.  A.  p.  linarilobus  is  equally  good,  the 
young  growths  being  of  a  crimson  hue.  Our  illus- 
tration (fig.  71)  shows  a  group  of  these  Acers  as 
grown  at  Sir.  Dixon's  garden,  Cherkley  Court. 

A.  japonicum  is  densely  shrubby  in  habit, 
green  in  summer  and  of  fine  colour  in  the  autumn. 
A.  j.  macrophyllum  is  a  finely  cut  form  of  this, 
A  beautifully  netted  variety  is  seen  in  A.  fli^- 
vesoens  (retioulatum),  a  creamy  reticulation  on  a 
green  ground  appearing  in  the  early  foliage.  It  is- 
best  in  spring,  the  colours  not  remaining  distinct 
during  hot  weather. 


Professor  ReicHENBACH.— The  worthy  Pro- 
fessor is  here  on  a  visit,  which  will  last  a  fortnight. 
His  address  during  his  stay  will  be  the  Herbarium, 
Royal  Gardens.  Kew. 

Greenhouses  and  the   Building  Acts.— 

The  subjoined  letter  raises  a  question  of  cardinal 
importance  to  nurserymen  and  florists,  and  one 
which  is  worth  the  attention  of  the  Nursery  and 
Seed  Trade  Association.  We  print  the  letter  as  we 
received  it,  and  shall  be  glad  of  the  comments  of 
those  of  our  readers  interested  in  such  matters; — 

"  On  the  27th  ult.  I  appeared  at  Hammersmith 
Police  Court  to  a  summons  taken  out  by  the  District 
Surveyor  for  building  a  greenhouse  for  trade  pur- 
poses without  putting  concrete  under  the  foundations. 
In  the  first  instance  the  Surveyor  called  on  me  to- 
put  concrete  and  a  damp  course.  I  explained  the 
absurdity  of  the  damp  course,  as  I  employ  men  to 
keep  the  walls  damp.  I  then  showed  him  a  house  o£ 
Grapes  shanking  through  the  roots  getting  into  the 
concrete,  as  I  believe  they  do.  He  still  insisted  on 
the  concrete.  I  declined  to  put  it  in ;  hence  the 
summons.  I  contended  before  the  magistrate  (Mr. 
Bennett)  that  a  greenhouse  for  nursery  purposes  was 
not  a  building  contemplated  by  the  Building  Act. 
The  m.agistrate  told  me  he  was  obliged  to  decide 
against  that  view,  as  the  Act  had  not  exempted  green- 
houses, and  remarked  that  there  ought  to  be  little 
difficulty  in  getting  a  short  Act  passed  e.xempting 
greenhouses  for  trade  purposes.  The  order  was  made. 
I  have  undermined  the  place  and  put  concrete, 
making  the  house,  in  my  opinion,  of  considerably 
less  value  for  the  purposes  I  require  it.  It  was 
admitted  by  the  Surveyor  to  be  a  solid  good  structure, 
his  only  excuse  was  that  he  had  to  see  the  law 
obeyed,  that  "  every  building  within  the  metropolitan 
area  shall  have  concrete  foundations."  Now  the 
next  step  will  be  that  he  will  come  down  on  me  for 
a  considerable  amount  for  surveying  this  and  several 
other  houses.  It  seems  as  if  many  of  our  laws  were 
made  for  the  express  purpose  of  making  it  as  difficult 
as  possible  to  carry  on  trade  and  so  encourage 
foreign  competition  as  much  as  possible.  Can  any 
readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  say  whether  it  is 
the  practice  in  other  parishes  to  put  concrete  founda- 
tions to  greenhouses  and  pay  District  Surveyor's  fees 
for  each  greenhouse  put  up  ?  If  so,  the  sooner  the 
trade  approach  the  Metropolitan  Board  with  a  view 
to  altering  this  bye-law  on  the  subject  the  better. 
Edward  Collins,  Cumberland  Park  Nursery,  Willesden 
Junctlnn,  Srpf.  3." 

The    Royal   Caledonian    Horticultural 

Society.  —  Our  Edinburgh  correspondent,  tele- 
graphing on  Wednesday  afternoon,  states  that  the 
show  was  a  very  good  one,  the  fruit-sections  espe- 
cially being  well  filled..  There  were  nearly  2000 
entries  in  the  fruit  classes,  comprising  450  bunclie.>« 
of  Grapes,  .')73  dishes  of  Apples,  130  dishes  of  Pfars. 
A  keen  competition  was  engendered  by  Messrs. 
McKenzie  &  Moncur's  prize  for  twelve  dishes  of 
fruit,  for  which  there  were  thirteen  entries,  the  lat 
prize  being  awarded  to  Mr.  Bovd.  Callander  Park. 
Well  done,  Caledonia  ! 

Royal  Horticultural  SociETY.--We  are 
requested  to  announce  that  a  list  of  pbmts  and  seed* 


SlilPTEMBER    10,   1887.] 


THE     GABDENEIiS'     CHUONIGLE. 


311 


available  for  distribution  to  Fellows  may  be  had 
on  application  to  the  Assistant-Secretary,  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  South  Kensington  ,'W. — The 
Kruit  and  Floral  Committees  will  meet  at  II  a.m.  in 
the  Conservatory  on  Tuesday  next,  the  13th  inst. 
On  that  day  special  prizes  are  offered  by  Messrs. 
.Iajies  Cakter  &  Co.,  for  Carter's  Perfection  Tomatos 
and  Carter's  Jubilee  Runner  Beans ;  Mr.  H.  Deverill, 
for  Neale's  Ne  Plus  Ultra  Runner  Beans;  Messrs. 
StiTTON  &  Sons,  for  Sutton's  Early  Gem  Carrots 
and  Sutton's  Tomatos  Reading  Perfection,  Maincrop, 
or  Abundance ;  and  Messrs.  'Webb  &  Sons,  for 
Webb's  New  Jubilee  or  Webb's  Sensation  Tomatos. 


Alnwick  Horticultural  Society  was  admitted  into 
affiliation.  The  'Victoria  (New  South  Wales)  Hor- 
ticultural Society  applied  to  become  affiliated,  and 
was  unanimously  accepted,  with  the  proviso  that  any 
member  of  their  executive  body  present  in  London 
should  be  permitted  to  attend  the  meetings  of  the 
National  Chrysanthemum  Society  and  vote.  Some 
other  business  was  transacted,  and  the  proceedings 
closed  with  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  President. 

Mr.  W.  G.  Smith.— We  are  requested  to  state 
that  after  next  Saturday  Mr.  Smith's  London  address 
will  be,  90,  Queen  Street,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


•■  Die  Naturlichen  Pflanzen   Familien."— 

The  last  issued  part  of  this  publication,  of  which  we 
have  had  occasion  to  speak  in  terms  of  high  com- 
mendation, comprises  an  account  of  the  Amaryl- 
lidacea3,  Velloziaceffi,  Taccacea?,  Dioscoreaceas, 
and  Iridacea;,  by  Dr.  F.  Pax.  The  illustrations 
are  copious  and  good. 

Froebel's   Hybrid   Begonias.  —  The  Revw^ 

Horticolc  devotes  a  coloured  plate  to  the  illustration 
of  forms  of  Begonia  octopetala  and  B.  polypetala. 
The  foliage  is  that  common  to  Begonias,  but  the 
flowers  have  a  superficial  resemblance  in  form  to  those 


-GROUP    OF   ornament 


National  Chrysanthemum  Society.— A 
meeting  of  the  general  committee  of  this  Society 
took  place  at  the  "  Old  Four  Swans, "  Bishogsgate 
Street,  on  the  6th  inst.,  Mr.  E.  Sanderson,  Presi- 
dent, in  the  chair,  and  there  being  a  full  attendance 
of  members.  Mr.  Holmes,  the  Hon.  Sec.  announced 
the  death  of  Mr.  D.  Hutt,  for  many  years  a  member, 
and  often  a  judge  at  the  exhibition  of  the  Society. 
In  November,  1801,  Mr.  Hutt  exhibited  at  Soutli 
Kensington  a  group  of  six  specimen  pompon  Chry- 
santhemums, and  by  special  desire  of  Her  Majesty 
and  the  late  Prince  Consort  they  were  ordered  to 
be  photographed.  He  was  then  residing  at  Margaret 
Place,  Hackney  Fields.  A  vote  of  condolence  witli 
liis  family  was  unanimously  passed.  Fourteen  new 
menibers  were  elected,  making  the  total  40.'>.     The 


LlLIUMS. — Mr.  W.UiK  .sends  us  a  box  containing 
cut  flowers  of  Lilies,  of  wliich  he  says: — "I  enclose 
a  few  flowers  of  one  of  the  finest  late  flowering 
Lilies,  L.  speciosum  album  verum.  There  seems  to 
be  some  confusion  about  this  Lily ;  often  Lilium 
speciosum  Kraetzeri  is  sent  out  under  this  name,  or  a 
white  form,  with  a  purplish  exterior  and  purplish 
stems.  The  form  in  question  differs  from  L.  speci- 
osum Kraetzeri  in  its  broader  divisions,  purer  white 
colour,  and  yellow  anthers,  also  in  its  broader  light 
green  foliage  (in  Kraetzeri  the  anthers  are  brown). 
L.  speciosum  album  verum  commences  flowering 
some  weeks  before  L.  Kraetzeri ;  it  is  a  native  of 
Japan,  and  is  very  rare.  The  other  flowers  enclosed 
are  L.  speciosum  Melpomene,  L.  Wallacei,  and  L. 
speciosum  Kraetzeri.'' 


of  Japan  Anemones.  The  colour  of  some  is  white,, 
of  others  of  various  shades  of  rose.  They  have  the 
advantage  of  flowering  in  winter,  and  require  to  be 
cultivated  in  a  cool  damp  house,  such  as  is  suitable 
for  Cinerarias,  the  mode  of  culture  being  quite  diffe- 
rent from  that  suitable  for  the  tuberous  section. 

"Annals  of  Botany."— The  first  number  of 
this  publication,  which  has  been  expected  with  some 
interest,  has  now  been  published  at  the  Clarendon 
Press,  Oxford,  under  the  joint  editorship  of  Professor 
Balfour,  of  Oxford,  Dr.  'Vines,  of  Cambridge,  and 
Professor  F.vuLoiv,  of  Harvard,  U.S.A.  The  first 
paper  is  one  by  Professor  Marshall  Ward,  on  the 
histology  and  fruits  of  Rhamnus.  We  cannot  enter 
into   detail   here   as   to   this    paper,    but    we    may 


312 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


[Septembeh  10,  1887. 


say  ^that  it  strikes  us  as  a  model  of  what  a  paper 
on  piiysiological  botany  should  be.  Other  papers 
are  by  Mr.  Walter  Gardiner  and  Mr.  Tokutaro 
Ito,  Miss  Calvert  and  Mr.  L.  A.  Boodle.  Messrs. 
Gregg,  F.  W.  Oliver.  Kejiiolds,  Blake,  and  Pro- 
fessor Bayley-Balfoiir.  The  record  of  current 
literature  is  somewhat  disappointing.  It  is  a  mere 
list  of  publications,  such  as  is  easily  to  be  h-id  else- 
where. What  we  hoped  to  see  was  a  brief  digest  of 
the  contents  of  the  papers,  or  at  least  a  summary  of 
the  literature  of  the  month  or  quarter.  Many  readers 
engaged  in  active  work  have  not  the  ability  to  read 
the  foreign  periodicals,  still  more,  lack  the  time  to 
plod  through  them  systematically,  but  all  would, 
nevertheless,  be  glad  to  read  a  well  compiled  summary 
of  methods  and  results  of  research.  The  present 
part,  moreover,  is  entirely  devoted  to  histological 
and  physiological  matters.  We  do  not  raise 
any  other  objection  to  this  than  this— that  the 
title  does  not  lead  the  reader  to  anticipate 
any  such  specialisation.  It  may  be  that  other  depart- 
ments of  botany  will  be  dealt  with  in  subsequent 
numbers,  and  we  know  by  long  experience  how  unfair 
it  is  to  judge  by  first  numbers,  which,  in  spite  of— 
perhaps  by  reason  of— all  the  care  expended  in  their 
])roduction,  are  almost  invariably  inferior  to  those 
that  follow.  In  any  case,  it  is  a  matter  for  congra- 
tulation that  physiological  botany,  so  long  neglected 
in  this  country,  is  now  receiving  its  due  share  of 
attention.  Tor  nearly  half  a  century  the  Gardeners' 
CJironklc  has  been  urging  this  matter  on,  not  only  for 
the  sake  of  pure  science,  but  in  the  interests  of 
applied  botany  and  cultural  progress.  Now  the  fear 
seems  to  be,  that  the  pendulum  will  sway  too  far 
in  another  direction,  to  the  detriment  of  morphology 
and  classification.  Let  it  be  one  of  the  aims  of  the 
AifTiah  to  hold  the  balance  even.  Some  day,  perhaps. 
our  Universities  may  condescend  to  follow  the  German 
practice,  and  institute  Professorships  in  each  depart- 
ment. 

Mr.  William  Ferguson.— Ceylon  papers  arc 

mourning,  with  ample  cause,  the  death  of  this  gen- 
tleman, who  (or  nearly  fifty  years  has  been  an 
authority  on  all  matters  relating  to  the  natural 
history  of  Ceylon,  and  to  the  develoi)ment  of  the 
natural  resources  of  the  island.  Mr.  Ferguson  lent 
cheerful  help  to  Dr.  Thwaites,  Sir  Emehson  Ten- 
NENT,  Dr.  Tkimen,  and  other  writers  on  the  Ceylon 
Flora,  and  contributed  numerous  detached  memoirs 
on  the  natural  history  and  gardening  of  the  island  to 
various  societies  and  publications. 

DalTON  and  Joule. —  The  reference  by  Sir 
Hkntst  Roscoe,  in  his  inaugural  address  as  President 
of  the  British  Association,  to  the  labours  of  two  dis- 
tinguished Manchester  men,  was  most  appropriate. 
tn  the  grimy  city,  where  hard  material  facts  might 
seem  the  only  things  fostered,  two  generalisations  of 
the  very  highest  value  to  science,  and  whose  import- 
ance to  practice  is  incalculable,  were  made :— "  It  is 
well,  therefore,  for  us  to  remember,  in  the  midst  of 
the  turmoil  of  our  active  industrial  and  commercial 
life,  that  JIanchester  not  only  well  represents  the 
energy  of  England  in  these  practical  directions,  but 
th.1t  it  po.ssesses  even  higher  claims  to  our  regard 
and  respect  as  being  the  seat  of  discoveries  of  which 
the  value  not  only  to  pure  .science  is  momentous,  but 
wliich  also  lie  at  the  foundation  of  all  our  material 
progress  and  all  our  industrial  success.  For  without 
a  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  chemical  combination  all 
the  marvellous  results  with  which  modern  industrial 
chemistry  has  astonished  the  world  could  not  have 
been  achieved,  whilst  the  knowledge  of  the  quanti- 
tative relations  existing  between  the  several  forms  of 
energy,  and  the  possibility  of  expressing  their  amount 
in  terms  of  ordinary  mechanics,  are  matters  which 
now  constitute  the  life-breath  of  every  branch  of 
ajjplied  science.  For  example,  before  D.ii,ton's 
discovery  every  manufacturer  of  oil  of  vitriol— a 
substance  now  made  each  week  in  thousands  of  tons 
within  a  few  miles  of  this  spot — every  manufacturer 
had  his  own  notions  of  the  quantity  of  sulphur  which 
Iwi  ought  to  burn  in  order  to  make  a  certain  weight 


of  sulphuric  acid,  but  he  had  no  idea  that  only  a 
given  weight  of  sulphur  can  unite  with  a  certain 
quantity  of  oxygen  and  of  water  to  form  tlie  acid, 
and  that  an  excess  of  any  one  of  the  component  parts 
was  not  only  useless  but  harmful.  Thus,  and  in  tens 
of  tliousands  of  other  instances,  Dalton  replaced 
rule  of  thumb  by  scientific  principle.  In  like  man- 
ner the  applications  of  Jodle's  determination  of  the 
mechanical  equivalent  of  heat  are  even  more  general : 
tlie  increase  and  measurement  of  the  efficiency  of 
our  steam-engines  and  the  power  of  our  dynamos 
are  only  two  of  the  numerous  examples  which  might 
be  adduced  of  the  practical  value  of  Joule's  work." 

The   Gardeners'   Royal   Benevolent  In- 

STITUTION.— We  are  informed  that  the  Right  Hon. 
Sir  Kouert  1'eel  has  kindly  consented  to  preside  at 
the  annual  friendly  dinner,  after  the  general  meeting 
of  the  members  pf  the  Institution  to  be  held  in 
January  next. 

Where    do   the    Leguminos>c   get  their 

Nitrogen  from?— It  is  well  known  that  the  Legu- 
minosa:  form  nitrogenous  matter  in  large  quantities 
in  their  tissues,  even  when  growing  in  soil  wherein 
the  nitrogen  is  not  in  excess.  It  is  known  also  that 
nitrogenous  manuies  are  not  specially  beneficial  to 
these  plants,  hence  the  question  as  to  the  source  of 
the  nitrogen  they  contain  is  one  of  much  interest.  M. 
Hellriegel,  as  quoted  in  the  Ammks  Agronomiques, 
attempts  to  answer  the  question.  With  Bocssingault, 
J^AWES,  and  Gilbert,  and  other  modern  chemists, 
Hellriegel  shows  that  free  nitrogen  is  not  absorbed 
from  the  atmospliere  as  such.  The  bacteria  in  the 
soil,  however,  form,  or  cause  to  be  formed,  nitro- 
genous comjiounds  in  the  soil,  and  these  bacteria  are 
very  abundant  in  the  little  swellings  tliat  occur  on 
the  roots  of  Leguminosa;.  M.  Hellriegel  tested  the 
matter  by  sowing  Peas  in  soil  deprived  of  all  nitro- 
genous matter,  in  several  pots.  Into  some  of  these  pots 
bacteria  were  purposely  introduced,  while  the  others 
remained  free  from  them.  Germination  i)roceeded  as 
usual ;  the  plants  grew  up  and  went  on  well  till  the 
food  stored  up  in  the  seed  was  exhausted.  After 
that  time  the  plants  in  the  soil  with  no  bacteria  were 
gradually  starved,  while  those  plants  wliich  had  the 
benefit  of  the  bacteria  flourished,  and  on  an  exami- 
nation of  their  roots  the  tubercles  were  found  to  be 
highly  developed.  According  to  these  and  other  ex- 
periments made  by  M.  Hellriegel  there  is  thus  a 
direct  relation  between  the  appropriation  of  nitro- 
gen by  LeguminosiB  and  the  presence  of  bacteria  in 
the  tubercles  on  their  roots.  On  the  other  hand. 
Professor  Marshall  Ward's  researches  show  that 
what  have  been  taken  for  bacteria  are  really  the 
germs  of  some  fungus  allied  to  Ustilago.  But,  if  it 
be  so,  the  action  of  these  fungoid  germs  may 
be  of  the  same  nature  as  of  the  bacteria. 

TOMATOS  Diseased.  —  Numerous  correspon- 
dents have  forwarded  Tomato  fruits  all  affected  in 
the  same  way.  and  badly  diseased.  The  apex  of 
the  fruit  is  broadly  flattened,  as  though  cut  sharplv 
off;  it  is  dark  brown  or  black  in  colour  as  if  burnt, 
and  the  large  flattened  patch  varies  in  size  from  that 
of  a  sixpence  to  a  florin.  Under  the  patch,  the  in- 
terior of  the  fruit  is  jet-black,  the  disease  penetrat- 
ing deejdy  into  the  interior ;  the  remains  of  the 
style  form  the  centre  of  the  black  ])atch.  The 
disease  attacks  young  Tomatos.  and  is  caused  bv  a 
fungus,  named  by  Mr.  Plowright  Cladosporium 
lycopersiei.  It  was  very  accurately  described  and 
illustrated  in  the  Garifntcrs'  Chronicle,  for  November 
ll',  ISSl.  p.  (;21. 

Grape  Judging  at  the  Crystal  Palace. 

— We  have  received  from  Mr.  Waud.  of  Longford 
Castle  (Jardens.  a  ])rotest  against  the  decision  of  the 
judges  in  the  class  for  twenty  bunches  of  Grapes  in 
ten  varieties,  two  bunches  of  each,  at  the  recent 
show  ol  fruit  at  the  Crystal  Palace.  We  should 
prefer  not  to  enter  into  the  precise  merits  of  the 
p.irticular  ([uestion  at  issue  at  present,  though,  as  Mr. 
Ward's  protest  has,  we  see,  been  made  public  in  the 


Journal  of  Horfictdttirc,  and  will  probably  be  so 
in  other  gardening  pa])ers.  we  may  have  to 
make  some  comment  in  future.  We  may,  however, 
on  general  grounds,  state  our  impression  that  exhi- 
bitors act  unwisely  in  challenging  the  decision  of 
judges  of  unquestioned  honesty  and  ability.  Judges 
may  and  do  make  mistakes,  but  exhibitors  are  not 
likely  to  be  unbiassed  critics  of  their  judgment.  In 
such  cases  as  the  one  before  us  our  recommenda- 
tion to  the  disappointed  exnibitor  would  be  never  to 
])rotest.  but  to  bear  his  fate  with  manly  composure. 
If,  unfortunately,  this  cannot  be  done,  then  appeal 
should  be  made  to  the  managers  of  the  show,  who 
should,  after  consultation  with  the  judges,  pronounce 
a  final  decision.  In  the  case  of  nefarious  proceed- 
ings of  any  kind — of  which  there  is  no  pretence  in 
this  case — the  course  of  procedure  would  naturally 
be  different. 

Annual  Excursion.— On  Thursday,  fifty  of  the 

employes  of  Messrs.  W.  Cdtbush  &  Son,  of  High- 
gate.  Finchley,  and  Barnet  Nurseries,  went  for  their 
annual  excursion,  the  place  chosen  being  Brighton. 

Manchester  Marriages.— Much  excitement 

was  manifested  at  Stretford,  near  Manchester,  on 
Wednesday  week,  on  the  occasion  of  the  marriage  of 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Mr.  Bruce  Findlat,  of  Man- 
chester, to  G.  F.  S.  Artlv,  Esq.  The  ceremony  was 
performed  by  the  Rev.  Canon  Hole,  assisted  by  the 
Rector  of  Stretford. — On  August  24,  Mr.  James 
Bentlet,  the  Hon,  Secretary  to  the  National  Tulip 
Society,  and  Manager  of  the  Works  of  Messrs. 
Samuel  Barlow  &  Co.,  Stakehill,  near  Manchester, 
was  married  at  Brooklands,  Cheshire,  to  Miss  Edith 
Thompson,  daughter  of  Mr.  W.  G.  Thompson,  oS 
Tvntesfield,  Timperley. 


MEETING    OF    THE    FLORAL 

COMMITTEE  AT  CHISWICK. 

September  1. — Present:  George  F.  Wilson  in  the 
chair;  Major  Lendy,  John  Dominy,  W.  Holmes, 
John  Eraser,  W.  Goldring.  H.  Herbst,  R.  Dean, 
James  Hudson,  A.  Perry,  S.  Hibberd. 

The  collections  of  Asters  grown  in  the  gardens 
were  examined.  These  had  been  received  from 
Messrs.  Carter  &  Co..  London  ;  Benary,  Erfurt ;  Vil- 
morin,  Paris  ;  and  T.  Laxton,  Bedford.  Although 
the  season,  being  so  hot  and  dry,  has  not  been  very 
favourable  for  Asters,  those  planted  in  the  gardens 
have  done  extremely  well,  the  flowers  being  large  and 
good,  although  somewhat  battered  by  the  late  rough 
and  boisterous  weather. 

Messrs.  Carter  &  Co.  sent  twenty-five  varieties, 
the  following  being  considered  worthy  of  marks  : — 

Chri/sanlhcmu,ii.-flowcrnl  Asters.— Height  12  inches 
— three  marks:  copper-coloured,  crimson,  white, 
light  blue,  English  seed.  Dwarf  French  rose,  do. 
light  blue,  do.  blue  and  white,  do.  carmine.  Conti- 
nental seed — three  marks. 

I'lponif-flowered  Asters. — Height  2  feet,  flowers  in- 
curved :  rose,  English  seed — three  marks ;  dark 
blood-red,  rose  with  white.  Continental  seed — two 
marks. 

Pyramidal. — Light  blue,  purplish-crimson,  fiery 
scarlet,  English  seed — three  marks. 

Messrs.  Benary,  Erfurt,  sent  nineteen  varieties, 
the  following  being  awarded  marks ; — 

Victoria  Asters.— Height  12  to  18  inches.  Chry- 
santhemum-flowered, very  large  and  double — Rose 
and  white,  dark  blue  and  white,  crimson — three 
marks. 

Miynon. — Height  12  to  18  inches,  resembling  in 
hiibit  and  form  of  flowers  the  Victoria,  but  some- 
what smaller. — Pure  white — two  marks. 

Messrs.  Vilraorin,  Andrieux  &  Co.,  Paris,  sent 
twenty-four  varieties,  the  following  being  considered 
worthy  of  the  following  marks:  — 

Crown  Asters.  — Ueight  12  to  18  inches,  small 
Chrysanthemum-flowered,  the  centre  or  crown  white. 
— Mixed:  half  dwarf  many-flowered,  mixed:  half 
dwarf  many-flowered,  light  yellow. 


September  10,  1887.] 


TEE     GAFDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


313 


Ch  rysanthemum-flowcred.  —  Rose-flowered ,  height 
V2>  inclies,  flowers  large,  double,  fine  —  two  marks. 
Imbricated,  mixed  (Victoria),  height  12 to  IS  inches, 
large  Chrysaritheraum-flowered ;  imbricated,  pom- 
pon, mixed. 

Pyramidal  Bouquet  Rose. — Height  2  feet,  compact, 
very  floriferous.  pompon-flowered,  rosy-lilac,  very 
pretty — three  marks. 

Pyramidal,  dwarf,  jnured. — Height  12  to  18  inches, 
compact,  very  floriferous,  pompon-flowered,  pretty — 
three  marks. 

Harlequin. — Pompon-flowered,  some  of  the  petals 
streaked  with  white. — Pyramidal,  purple:  purple  and 
white,  height  IS  inches — three  marks.  Pyramidal, 
red :  red  and  white,  height  IS  Inches — three  marks. 
Half  dwarf:  red  and  white,  height  6  inches — three 
marks. 

LillipiU  (China)  mixed,  small  pompon-flowered, 
partly  quilled,  colours  very  bright,  and  exceedingly 
pretty — three  marks. 


Home  Correspondence. 


POTATO  SCAB. — As  far  as  my  observation  goes, 
this  is  brought  about  by  imperfect  preparation  of 
the  soil,  i.e.,  foul  ground.  If  1  desired  to  have  a 
crop  of  scabbed  Potatos  I  should  dig  in  a  quantity 
of  green  or  raw  manure  (either  soddened  with  water 
or  very  dry)  or  a  quantity  of  half-rotten,  half-dry 
straw,  such  as  had  been  used  as  a  protection  to 
■Celery  or  Potatos  during  winter.  The  drier  the 
season  the  more  rapidly  the  disease  would  spread. 
Should  a  heavy  rain  follow  drought  it  would  greatly 
accelerate  the  growth  of  the  warts,  on  account  of 
the  skin  being  broken,  and  the  rapid  development  of 
the  tubers.  In  my  opinion  thoroughly  decomposed 
manure  will  not  cause  the  appearance.  If  1  wanted 
to  get  a  crop  of  clean  Potatos  the  chief  requirements 
would  be  clean  seed  and  clean  ground,  with  sustain- 
ing properties  sufficient  to  mature  a  crop.  The  best 
i;leansing  substance  with  which  I  am  acquainted  is 
gas  lime  applied  at  the  rate  of  24  tons  to  the  acre 
three  months  previous  to  planting  or  sowing  the 
crop.  A.  Hill,  St.  Albans. 

I  have  made   special  observations    on    this 

subject  for  the  la.st  three  years  in  succession.  Each 
year  has  been  excessively  hot  and  dry,  and  no 
farmyard  manure  has  been  used  by  me.  Each 
year  scab  has  been  exceedingly  bad  with  me, 
and  this  year  it  has  been  at  its  worst.  My  soil  is 
hot,  dry,  and  calcareous  ;  the  sun  has  all  this  summer 
made  the  soil  something  like  burning  lime — 2  feet  or 
more  of  hot  dry  chalk  dust.  The  "  German  investi- 
gators," who  explain  scab  as  caused  by  "  unduly  wet 
soil,"  aggravated  by  stable  dung,  as  mentioned  on 
p.  228,  clearly  do  not  explain  my  case.  There  is 
more  than  one  cause  for  scab  in  Potatos,  and  sudden 
and  superabundant  rain  may  be  one.  The  "  true 
scab "  is  undoubtedly  caused  by  the  fungus  named 
Tubercinia  scabies.  The  scab  lately  under  discussion 
in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  is  a  common  but  spurious 
scab.  W.  G.  Smith,  Dumtable. 

I  think   that  scab  on  Potatos  is  caused  by 

something  in  the  soil,  as  we  have  dug  half  an  acre 
of  Snowdrop  Kidney.  For  a  space  of  about  two 
yards  in  width,  in  a  slanting  direction  across  the 
whole  piece,  they  were  completely  covered  with  scab, 
while  on  each  side  they  were  as  white  and  clear  as 
oould  be.  The  soil  consists  chiefly  of  sand  with  veins 
of  iron-rust  here  and  there.  The  whole  was  well 
■manured  with  horse  manure  and  bastard  trenched  in 
January.  I  have  seen  the  same  thing  occur  in  chalk 
land,  and  I  do  not  think  it  is  caused  by  worms,  as 
we  did  not  dig  any  in  the  whole  piece.  We  had  a 
little  over  6  tons  on  the  half  acre,  which  is  a  very 
good  crop  for  the  season.  We  are  digging  in  another 
part  of  the  garden  Blush,  an  American  Potato, 
weighing  2  lb.  each,  and  3  bushels  to  the  rod,  and 
the  same  thing  occurs  again,  a  yard  or  two  being 
•very  scabby  and  the  other  very  clear.  Our  late 
Potatos  look  remarkably  well,  and  are  just  ripening 
off,  having  been  planted  in  JIarch.  The  sort  is 
Fidler's  Maincrop  Kidney.  The  haulm  is  very  robust, 
but  the  foliage  is  not  quite  like  the  Magnum ;  it  is 
a  good  cropper,  and  the  quality  is  very  good.  I 
think  sandy  soil,  if  well  manured,  grows  a  better 
crop  in  a  season  like  the  present  than  a  heavy  or 
gravelly  soil,  as  the  soil  does  not  crack  and  holds  the 
moisture  much  longer.  We  have  had  very  little  wet 
since  June  3,  the  thunderstorms  passing  round  us  on 
both  side.  We  had  a  very  good  crop  of  soft  fruit, 
and  Pears  and  Plums  bear  well  on  this  soil.  We 
registered  3°  of  frost  on  August  15,  Beans,  Marrows, 


and  Potatos  being  blackened  in  low-lying  places  in 
the  neighbourhood.  ('.  /•'.  P.,  HoUoxcay  Gardens, 
Vlrgiitia  Water. 

WASPS.-  I  should  like  to  supplement  one  of  the 
two  communications  Ibrwarded  by  me  on  August  31 
on  the  subject  of  wasps,  by  asking  Mr.  Campbell  the 
following  question : — In  applying  cyanide  of  po- 
tassium to  holes  in  trees  at  any  reasonable  distance 
from  the  ground,  I  assume  it  would  have  to  be 
secured  in  some  way  ;  if  nails  were  used,  and  a  split 
in  the  bark  occurred,  little  or  much,  and  rain  follow- 
ing the  application,  would  it  impair  the  vitality  of 
the  tree?  A.  Hill.  St.  Albans. 

OXONIAN  STRAWBERRY.  — In  your  issue  for 
August  20,  p.  220,  1  note  your  correspondent,  "  II.," 
states  that  O.xonian  is  tiie  same  thmg  as  Myatt's 
Eleanor,  lly  stock  of  this  variety  is  from  at  least 
one  of  our  best  English  nurserymen,  and  I  feel  certain 
that  the  sum  of  20s.  would  not  purchase  that  gen- 
tleman's reputation.  Moreover,  I  grew  Eleanor 
thirty  years  ago.  and  my  opinion  of  it  is  quite  the 
reverse  of  "II.  s."  But  paper  discussions  have  not 
the  worth  of  practical  tracts,  I  should  therefore  be 
obliged  to  "  II."  if  next  season  he  would  exhibit  a 
dish  at  one  of  the  Fruit  Committee  meetings  at 
South  Kensington — I,  of  course,  showing  another. 
This  is  the  way,  ami  tlie  only  way,  to  settle  the 
question.  It.  GUbcrt. 

LABURNUM     FLOWERING     OUT     OF     SEASON. 

Last  week  a  thrifty  young  Laburnum  tree  was  to  be 
seen  flowering  freely  in  the  garden  of  a  house  near 
Manor  Park  station  on  the  Great  Eastern  Railway. 
The  cause  is  no  doubt  to  be  found  in  the  exceptional 
amount  of  sunshine  experienced  during  the  present 
summer.  Unlike  most  trees  of  the  kind,  the  example 
referred  to  had  made  numerous  strong  young  shoots 
over  its  whole  surface,  each  having  a  fine  raceme  of 
flowers.  IF.  Earleij.  [The  flowers  thus  produced  are 
not  on  "  spurs,"  but  at  the  ends  of  long  extension 
shoots  of  the  year.  Ed.] 

AILANTUS  GLANDULOSA. — Three  fine  specimens 
of  this  tree,  each  about  40  feet  high,  in  the  grounds 
of  Mr.  Warwick,  Highfield,  Rickmansworth,  have 
flowered  this  season  for  the  first  time,  and  are  now- 
bearing  a  profusion  of  rich  purplish-brown  capsules, 
similar  to  the  keys  of  the  Ash,  mostly  on  the 
summits  of  the  trees,  and  givinga  very  beautiful  effect. 
IK.  7?. 

ROOTS  OF  ANEMONE  TRANSFIXED  BY  COUCH- 
GRASS. — I  enclose  you  si)ecimens  of  the  roots  of 
Anemone  fulgens  perforated  by  the  undergrouml 
stems  of  the  Couch-grass,  Triticum  repens.  I  also 
send  bulbils  from  Lilium  speciosum.  iVre  not  such 
growths  rare  in  this  species  ?  0.  [The  perforation 
of  the  roots  of  the  Anemone  is  analogous  to  what 
has  been  figured  in  our  columns  in  the  case  of 
Potatos.  Ed.] 

JASMINUM  SAMBAC— A  fasciated  flower  of  this 
plant  was  sent  with  the  Kew  collection  lately  to 
the  committee  meeting  of  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society.  Except  its  exquisite  scent  ,it  had  no  horti- 
cultural interest,  but  botanically  such  instances  are 
always  of  interest.  We  have  a  plant  of  the  same 
species  here,  but  I  cannot  be  certain  as  to  the 
variety,  and  for  three  seasons  it  has  produced  a 
similar  fasciated  infloresence,  the  stem  for  some  dis- 
tance assuming  a  flattened  condition,  unlike  the 
ordinary  terete  form ;  evidently  this  habit  of  fascia- 
tion  is  becoming  fixed  in  the  plant,  and  in  course  of 
time  will  become  permanent.  I  send  one  of  the 
flowers  with  this.  .7.  W.  Odell,  Barrow  Point,  Pinner. 
[Please  send  a  fresh  specimen  in  due  season.  Ed.] 

DISEASE  OF  IRIS  RETICULATA.  —  About  this 
time  last  year  I  sent  to  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  some 
diseased  bulbs  of  Iris  reticulata.  As  I  never  saw 
them  reported  upon  I  concluded  that  nothing  definite 
was  found.  The  crown  of  the  bulb  was  decomposed 
into  a  dry  mealy  substance,  the  decay  extending 
often  through  the  upper  half  of  the  bulbs.  In  other 
bulbs  only  spots  of  decay  of  the  same  kind  were 
found,  penetrating,  however,  the  surface  of  the  bulb. 
The  tunic  often  remains  entire,  so  that  the  injury  to 
the  bulb  is  not  manifest  till  it  is  removed.  Last  year 
20  per  cent,  of  my  Iris  reticulata  were  more  or 
less  affected,  but  this  year  less  than  ,5  per 
cent,  are  damaged.  A  friend  in  the  Eastern 
Counties,  however,  tells  me  that  the  proportion  of 
bulbs     he    has    lost    is   very    large.     He    observes, 


as  I  do,  that  the  attack  is  always  in  the  upper  part 
of  the  bulb,  and  suggests  that  it  may  be  caused  by 
some  insect.  He  noticed  that  some  bulbs  which  had 
been  planted  at  least  twice  the  usual  depth,  viz.,  0 
or  10  inches,  instead  of  three  or  four  had  entirely 
escaped.  Will  other  growers  of  Iris  reticulata  com- 
municate anything  they  have  observed  concerning 
this  disease  ?  C.  IVollei/  Bod. 

KEENS  SEEDLING  AND  WILMOT'S  SUPERB 
STRAWBERRIES.~The  remarks  of  Mr.  Douglas  at 
]).  249  regarding  the  popularity  of  Keen's  Seedling 
and  Wilmot's  Superb  Strawberries  fifty  years  since 
is  confirmed  by  the  celebrated  author  of  higoldsbi/ 
Legends,  who  alludes  to  them  as  follows : — 
"  See  :  see  ! — he's  kick'd  over  a  table  and  chair ! 
There  they  go  ! — all  the  Strawberries,  flowers,  and 
sweet  herbs, 

Turn'd  o'er  and  o'er 
Down  on  the  floor, 
Ev'ry  caper  he  cuts  oversets  or  disturbs 
All    the     '  Keen's     Seedlings'     and     '  Wilmofs 
Superbs ' ! " 
We  have  Keen's  Seedling  still  with  us,  but  where  is 
Wilmot's  ?  J.  L. 

DISA  GRANDIFLORA  SUPERBA. — Some  weeks  ago 
Mr.  Gumbleton  wrote  me  for  a  flower  of  the  Chats- 
worth  Disa.  I  was  not  then  aware  that  he  wanted 
it  for  the  purpose  of  comparison,  and  gave  instruc- 
tions for  a  bloom  to  be  sent  him.  It  appears  that  a 
flower-spike  was  sent  which  from  age  and  from  the 
fact  of  its  having  been  developed  in  heavy  shade 
among  the  Odontoglossums  was  pale  in  colour,  hence 
doubtless  his  condemnation  of  the  same.  Since 
then  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  sending  him  more 
flowers,  and  have  reason  to  believe  that  he  has 
considerably  modified  his  opinion.  I  should  not 
have  trespassed  on  your  valuable  space  and  time 
had  the  subject  not  been  mentioned  again  in  your 
issue  of  the  3rd,  by  Mr.  Bedford.  I  suppose  most  of  us 
are  sometimes  apt  to  think  that  our  geese  are 
swans,  hence  Mr.  Gumbleton's  high  opinion  of 
his  own  variety  to  the  detriment  of  the  Chats- 
worth  form,  which,  however,  is  too  well  known 
among  gardeners  to  require  a  word  in  its  defence 
from  me.  But  I  may  be  allowed  to  say  that  I  liad 
the  pleasure  of  sending  a  spike  to  Messrs.  Sander  & 
Co.,  for  reproduction  in  their  Reichenbachia,  which 
had  eleven  blooms,  and  which  measured  3  feet 
2  inches  in  length,  and  3\  inches  in  circumference  at 
the  base.  Messrs.  Sander  in  a  letter  1  have  from 
them  describe  it  as  a  magnificent  variety  of  astonish- 
ing vigour.  Mr.  Gumbleton  expresses  the  opinion 
that  only  poor  varieties  are  capable  of  producing  more 
than  three  or  four  flowers  to  a  spike ;  on  the  contrary 
I  believe  it  is  entirely  a  matter  of  cultivation.  All 
our  stock  originated  "from  one  plant,  and  it  is  only 
by  selecting  the  strong  growths,  and  potting  them 
apart  from  the  weaker  ones,  that  this  result  was 
brought  about,  coupled  with  a  general  treatment 
which  evidently  suits  their  wants,  as  the  120  spikes 
we  have  had  this  year  have  produced  upwards  of  GOO 
flowers,  although  many  of  the  weak  ones  had  only 
twc  or  three  on.  In  the  matter  of  colouring,  I  have 
frequently  observed  that  flowers  on  the  same  spike 
often  vary  a  good  deal  in  their  shades  of  brilliancy, 
the  petals  of  some  being  almost  entirely  suffused 
with  a  rosy  hue,  while  the  others  are  more  orange- 
scarlet,  with  the  tips  touched  with  rose.  The  colour 
of  the  hood  also  varies  as  much  as  the  petals,  the 
ground  colour  in  some  is  almost  white,  whilst  in 
others  it  is  shaded  violet  or  rose  colur.  Our  flowers 
for  this  year  are  all  over,  with  the  exception  of  two 
or  three,  which  I  am  sending  you  for  inspection.  You 
will  perceive  that  the  spike  with  three  or  four  flowers 
on  bears  out  my  statement  in  respect  to  the  colours 
varying.  Mr.  Gumbleton  has  promised  to  exchange 
pieces  with  me  this  autumn,  when  I  shall  hope  to 
flower  his  variety  with  ours  next  summer.  0.  Thoynaa, 
The  Gardens,  Chatsworth,  September  3. 

In  commenting  on  your    correspondent  Mr. 

Bedford's  remarks  about  the  above-named  plant 
on  p.  284  of  your  last  issue,  I  may  say  that  my 
experience  goes  to  show  that  the  peculiar  violet 
tint  in  the  variety  he  calls  D.  g.  violascens  is  only 
the  result  of  the  peculiarly  warm  treatment  he 
gives  these  plants,  as  the  flowers  of  the  plant  he  sent 
me  had  lost  all  trace  of  the  violet  shade  when  they 
bloomed  next  season  with  me  under  perfectly  cold 
house  treatment,  and  were  indistinguishable  from  my 
own  variety,  D.  rosea.  As  to  the  Chatsworth  variety 
I  have,  since  writing  my  note  thereanent,  dis- 
covered that  the  specimens  first  sent  me  had 
been     for     several     weeks      exposed     to    the     full 


314 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Skptbmbeb  10,  1887. 


g:lare  of  the  sun,  which  liad  had  the  effect  of  consider- 
ably bleaching  them,  and  reducing  the  brilliancy  of 
their  colour.  A  second  lot,  that  were  sent  me  after 
my  note  appeared,  were  considerably  brighter  in 
colour,  and  show  the  variety  to  be  a  far  finer  one  than 
the  colour  of  the  blooms  first  received  gave  any  idea 
of.  I  hear  from  Mr.  Owen  Thomas  that  in  his 
opinion  the  number  of  flowers  on  a  spike  is  entirely 
a  matter  of  culture,  and  that  successful  culture  will 
produce  from  ten  to  twelve  flowers  on  the  strongest 
spikes  of  any  variety.  This,  however,  has  not  yet 
been  proved.  W.  E.  Gumblcton. 

HEN-AND-CHtCKEN  PINE-APPLE.  —  Mr.  J.  J. 
Quelch's  note  on  a  fasclated  Pine-apple  on  p.  283 
reminds  me  of  a  llrn-and-chicken  variety  I  saw  in 
iSir  Hugh  Low's  garden  at  Labuan.  The  fruits  were 
of  the  usual  size  and  flavour,  but  each  fruit  was 
accompanied  by  five  to  seven  smaller  fruits,  which 
clustered  round  its  base.  It  was  called  the  "  King 
Pine  "  by  some  Europeans  in  the  island.  Fasciated 
Pine-apples  occur  now  and  then  under  hothouse 
culture,  and  such  have  been  figured  in  old  illustrated 
works,  but  I  have  seen  nothing  like  the  specimen 
Mr.  Qnelch  describes  as  having  "  more  than  twenty 
small  Pines  on  the  one  coalesced  mass."  May  I  ask 
if  the  King  Pine  or  the  "  Scarlet-fruited  Pine-apple  '* 
are  cultivated  in  Demerara?  F.  W.  Burbldge.  [See 
pp.  373  and  405,  vol.  xvii.,  1882.] 

CHAM>EROPS  FORTUNEI.— Herewith  I  send  you 
a  photograph  of  one  of  two  Palms  (Cham;crops  For- 
tunei),  planted  hen*  by  me  in  1881.  They  have 
passed  through  the  succeeding  winters  without 
blemish  and  with  the  protection  only  of  a  few  Spruce 
boughs  placed  round  them.  When  planted  out  they 
were  about  4  feet  in  height,  now  they  are  10  feet,  and 
are  growing  rapidly.  1  believe  them  to  be  quite 
hardy  south  of  London.  The  specimens  we  have 
flowered  freely  tlie  last  two  springs,  and  as  they  are 
male  and  female  have  ripened  seed.  P.  Conway,  The 
Gardens,  Miintham,  Worthing,  Sussex. 

MILLIPEDES. — Many  thanks  for  your  remarks 
concerning  millipedes  and  wireworms.  On  my  Rose 
liorder  I  have  used  Turnips  cut  in  slices,  and  caught 
hundreds,  but  this  week  I  have  tried  watering  both 
Vine  and  Rose  borders  with  the  *'  Worm  Killer  " 
■which  IB  sold  by  the  Agri-Horticultural  Chemical 
Company,  Tonbridge,  Kent,  and  my  gardeners  have 
gathered  many  dead  insects;  and  my  ojnnion  is,  that 
this  destroyer,  if  used  with  iudgment,  is  one  of  the 
best  eradicators  whicli  can  be  had.  I  write  this, 
thinking  you  would  be  glad  to  have  my  experience, 
which  may  be  of  service  to  others  who  may  be  so 
■unfortunately  placed  as  I  was,  George  Firth. 


SPECIMEN    FUCHSIAS. 

The  line  plant  shown  in  our  fig.  72,  p.  315,  was 
:grown  by  Mr.  AVills,  gardener  to  Mrs.  Pearce,  The 
Firs,  Bassett,  Southampton,  who  is  well  known  iu 
liis  locality  as  an  excellent  cultivator.  Growing 
large  pyramidal  specimens  is  not  a  difficult  opera- 
tion for  any  one  having  a  house  that  can  be  heated 
to  55°  or  60°.  At  the  commencement  of  the  year, 
if  it  be  desired  to  grow  sorts  already  in  stock,  the 
■old  plants  should  be  started  in  the  above  temperature, 
maintaining  a  genial  moist  atmosphere.  So  soon 
-as  the  shoots  have  made  four  joints  they  may  bo 
taken  oft',  the  leaves  of  two  joints  trimmed  off,  and 
the  base  cut  squarely  across  under  the  last  pair  of 
leaves.  The  cuttings  should  be  placed  in  the  soil 
■of  the  cutting-pot  with  the  base  of  the  lowest  pair  of 
leaves  just  under  the  surface  of  sand,  and,  to  obtain 
good  jilants,  one  cutting  should  be  placed  in  a  thumb- 
pot.  When  well  rooted  the  young  plants  must  be 
taken  out  of  the  propagating  bed  and  shifted  into 
light  soil  of  the  same  temperature  as  that  they  have 
<;ome  out  of;  it  should  be  neither  too  wet  nor 
too  dry,  but  just  in  such  a  condition  that  it 
can  be  handled  without  being  pasty.  Repott- 
ing must  be  done  with  care,  and  the  plants 
kept  close  at  a  temperature  of  00°  for  a  week.  As 
the  season  advances  a  corresponding  advance  may 
be  made  in  the  day  and  night  temperature,  giving 
air  carefully,  so  that  no  check  to  growth  be  made. 
As  the  plants  advance  stopping  and  training  must 
have  attention,  all  side-shoots  being  stopped  at  the 
same  time.  Supposing  the  young  plant  has  three 
joints  the  point  must  be  pinched  out :  this  will  cause 


the  shoots  to  start  from  the  joints.  These  must  be 
encouraged  to  grow,  and  will  form  the  foundation  of 
the  plant.  One  of  these  shoots  must  be  tied  to  a  stick, 
and  will  form  the  leader,  and  when  the  side  shoots 
have  made  three  joints  they  must  be  again  stopped. 
Never  stop  the  plants  at  the  time  of  re[)otting,  but 
wait  a  few  days  before  doing  so.  By  this  metliod  of 
l>rocedure  the  leading  shoot  is  encouraged  to  grow, 
and  if  it  is  sometimes  stopped  likewise,  a  more 
densely  branched  pyramid  will  result.  So  much  for 
young  plants.  Old  plants,  if  intended  for  exhibition 
or  early  work,  must  be  taken  in  hand  in  the  latter 
half  of  January,  shaken  out  of  their  pots,  their  roots 
carefully  reduced  with  a  knife,  and  be  repotted  in 
turfy  loam,  leaf-soil,  with  a  little  peat  and  silver- 
sand  added  ;  repot  as  soon  as  necessary,  and  proceed 
as  with  young  plants  as  regards  stopjiing,  &c. 
Liquid  manure  will  be  found  beneficial  as  the  season 
advances,  and  plants  may  be  obtained  in  flower  at 
almost  any  time  during  summer  and  autumn  by  re- 
moving all  flowers  up  to  about  three  Wfi*ks  in 
advance  of  the  desired  period. 


Societies. 


CRYSTAL     PALACE     FRUIT     SHOW. 

September  1  and  2. — The  exhibits  of  fruit  on 
Friday  and  Saturday  last  were  fairly  numerous,  and  in 
several  classes  the  entries  were  many  ;  tlie  quality  of 
the  produce,  speaking  of  the  show  as  a  wliole,  was  but 
fair. 

Collections.— Mr.  II.  W.  Ward,  gi-.  to  tlie  Kiglit  lion, 
the  Earl  of  Radnor,  Longford  Castle,  Salisbury,  justly 
carried  off  the  chief  prize  in  the  class  for  a  collection 
of  not  less  than  twenty  dishes,  showing  fruit  of  uni- 
form good  quality  tliroughout.  Alnwick  Seedling, 
Gros  Maroc,  Foster's  Seedling,  and  JIuscat  of  Alex- 
andria were  the  Grapes — all  good,  especially  the  two 
first-named  sorts.  He  also  included  Melons  Hero  of 
Ijockinge  and  Blenheim  Orange,  clean  and  large  ;  a 
fine  Smooth  Cayenne  Pine  was  also  noticealile. 
Other  dishes  included  Brunswick  Figs,  Bellegarde 
Peach,  Balgowan  Nectarine,  July  Gage  and  Golden 
Gage  Plums,  Jargonelle  Pears,  Currants,  Cherries, 
Sec.  Mr.  J.  H.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Har- 
rington, Elvaston  Castle,  Derby,  came  a  close  2nd 
with  as  good  Grapes,  viz..  Madresfield  Court  and 
Muscat  of  Alexandria ;  Black  Hamburgh  was  re- 
presented by  good  bunches,  but  rather  deficient 
in  finish;  Queen  Pine,  Hero  of  Lockinge  Melon, 
Violette  native  Nectarine,  Bellegarde  Peach,  and 
Morello  Cherries  were  also  fine  'specimens  of  fruit. 
Mr.  W.  Pratt,  gr.  to  the  Marquis  of  Bath.  Longleat, 
AVarminster,  took  3rd  ;  Gros  Maroc,  Black  Hamburgh, 
and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes  were  the  strongest 
points ;  Magnum  Bonum  and  'Washington  Plums 
were  good.  This  exhibitor  also  occupied  the  premier 
place  in  the  following  class  for  a  collection  of  twelve 
dishes,  with  a  good  even  lot,  Peaches.  Plums,  and 
Pears  being  the  best  shown.  Mr.  Goodacre  was 
placed  2nd.  showing  large  Turkey  Figs  and  Bellegarde 
Peach.  Mr.  S.  Pullman,  gr.  to  R.  B.  Slieridan,  Esq., 
Frarapton  Court,  Dorchester,  came  to  the  front  in 
the  collection  of  eight  dishes,  Early  Admirable  Peach 
being  represented  by  very  fine  fruits  ;  Grapes  were 
good  as  regards  size,  &c.,  but  were  rather  bruised  ; 
Pine-apple  Nectarine  and  Jeff"erson  Plum  were 
capital,  and  also  Hero  of  Lockinge  Melon.  A  fair 
2nd  was  made  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Goldsmith,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
C.  A.  Hoare,  Kelsey  Manor.  Beckenham,  S.E.; 
Moor  Park  Apricots  were  his  best  specimens.  Peach 
Royal  George  and  Fig  Brown  Turkey  were  also 
noticeable ;  Grapes  were  poor. 

Grapes. — For  prizes  offered  for  a  collection  of  ten 
kinds,  two  bunches  of  each,  only  one  exhibitor  came 
forward,  viz.,  Mr.  H.  '\V.  Ward,  to  whom  the  3rd 
prize  was  awarded ;  he  had  a  varied  collection  of 
good  quality,  the  varieties  being  Black  Alicante,  Lady 
Downe's  Seedling,  Alnwick  Seedling.  Madresfield 
Court,  Foster's  Seedling,  Mrs.  Pince,  Gros  Maroc, 
Muscat  of  Alexandria,  Trebbiauo,  and  Buckland 
Sweetwater.  For  a  collection  of  five  kinds,  two 
bunches  of  each,  Mr.  J.  Harvey,  gr.  to  J.  Watson, 
Esq.,  Ticehurst,  Sussex,  led  in  an  extensive  com- 
])etition,  showing  very  well  finished  bunches,  large  in 
Ijerry,  and  in  good  condition  ;  Lady  Downe's,  Gros 
Maroc,  and  Black  Alicante  were  the  best.  Mr.  A. 
Smith,  gr.  to  W.  II.  Sewell,  Esq.,  Loughton,  Essex, 
came  a  close  2nd,  with  very  good  examples  of  Gros 
Colmarand  Black  Alicante;  Mr.Prattwas3rd.  Among 
the  classes  for  single  varieties  the  finest  display  was 
made  in  that  for  Black  Alicante,  in  which  there  were 
eleven  lots  staged:  the  conqjetition  was  close  through- 


out, Mr.  J.  Hai-vey  securing  the  premier  honour, 
showing  three  large  magnificent  bundles,  well 
finished,  large  in  berry,  and  good  form.  Very  closely 
following  came  Mr.  Griflin,  gr.  to  Miss  Christy. 
Coombe  Bank  Gardens,  Kingston ;  while  the  3rd  place 
was  accorded  to  Mr.  T.  Osman.  gr.  to  L.  J.  Baker, 
Esq.,  Chertsev.  Mr.  Harvey  was  again  to  the  front 
for  the  best  "three  bunches  of  Gros  Maroc,  showing 
handsome  bunches,  highly  finished,  and  large  in 
berry.  Mr.  J.  Wells,  Windsor  Forest,  Bucks,  was  a 
good  2nd.  Mr.  Goodacre  had  the  best  Madresfield 
Court,  showing  creditable  bunches,  leading  out  of 
eleven  lots.  Although  the  competition  here  was 
extensive,  the  quality  of  the  exhibits  was  not  so  high 
as  one  would  have  expected.  Mr.  J.  Bray,  Tewkes- 
bury Lodge  Gardens,  Forest  Hill,  S.E.,  led  in  the 
division  for  Black  Hamburgh,  showing  large 
bunches,  good  in  berry,  but  rather  weak  in  colour  at 
the  tips.  Muscats  were  best  from  Mr.  H.  Gray,  gi'. 
to  Earl  Stanhope,  Sevcuoaks,  showing  lovely  speci- 
mens. In  the  class  for  any  other  white  Grape  Mr, 
.1.  IliUingworth,  gr.  to  F.  Hicks,  Esq.,  Turkey  Court, 
JIaidstone,  and  Mr.  J.  Bury  both  showed  good  fruit, 
.and  took  prizes  in  the  order  named,  showing  respec- 
tively Canon  Hall  Muscat  and  Foster's  Seedling.  In 
the  corresponding  class  for  black  varieties  Mr.  T. 
(Jsman  led  with  Lady  Downe's,  shown  in  first-class 
condition.  Mr.  W.'  Howe,  gr.  to  H.  Tate,  Esq.. 
Streatham  Common,  was  placed  1st  for  a  basket  of 
black  Grapes,  not  less  tlian  12  lb. ;  while  for  whites 
Mr.  Gray  led.  We  sliould  advise  that  instead  of 
offering  prizes  for  bunches  in  a  basket,  which  means 
nothing,  that  prizes  for  something  more  definite  and 
more  useful  be  substituted,  as  Grapes  packed  in 
market  baskets,  &c. 

Peaches  and  JS'edarines.— These,  especi.ally  the 
former,  were  very  good.  The  chief  prize  for  four 
dishes  distinct  Peaches  went  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Divers. 
gr.  to  J.  T.  Hopewood,  Esq.,  Ketton  Hall,  Stamford, 
whose  specimens  were  splendid ;  Early  Crawford, 
Bellegarde,  Crimson  Galande  and  Dagmar  were  the 
varieties,  all  shown  in  capital  form.  The  same  exhi- 
bitor also  took  a  similar  position  with  Nectarines, 
showing  Dryden,  Rivers'  Orange,  Lord  Napier,  and 
■Victoria,  the  two  former  especially  fine.  Mr.  J. 
Edmonds  was  2nd  in  botli  instances,  showing  good 
Barrington  and  Grosse  Mignoune  Peaches.  The  best 
collection  of  six  distinct,  of  both  Peaches  and  Nec- 
tarines also  came  from  Jlr.  Divers,  showing  as  in  the 
two  previous  classes— the  specimens  were  specially 
fine  ;  2nd,  Mr.  C.  J.  Goldsmith,  with  smaller  but 
good  fruits.  Mr.  Divers  added  one  more  1st  prize  to 
his  list,  with  a  single  dish  of  Peaches  (six  fruits), 
being  very  fine  examples  of  Crimson  Galande.  Mr. 
F.  Day,  gr.  to  W.  S.  G.  Gova,  Esq.,  Heme  Hill,  was 
a  good  2nd,  showing  Prince  of  Wales.  The  compe- 
tition was  very  large  and  good  here.  Mr.  S.  Pnll- 
man  took  1st  for  a  single  dish  of  Nectarines,  having 
excellent  Pine-apple. 

Pliimx. — Some  of  the  specimens  shown  were  very 
creditable,  and  generally  the  exhibits  were  good. 
Mr.  J.  Neighbour,  gr.  to  E.  J.  Wythes,  Esq.,  Chisle- 
hurst,  hart  the  best  red  Plums,  in  four  varieties,  lead- 
ing very  well,  showing  'Victoria,  Pond's  Seedling. 
Goliath,  and  Cox's  Emperor,  all  good.  Mr.  J.  Wells 
had  the  best  yellow  and  green  ;  Cloth  of  Gold,  Jef- 
ferson, and  Webster's  Green  Gage  were  very  good. 
Purple  sorts  were  best  from  Mr.  G.  HoUiday,  gr.  to 
J.  Norris,  Esq.,  Castle  Hill,  Bletchingley,  a  good  and 
decided  1st  out  of  six  lots :  Frogmore,  Orleans,  Brad- 
shaw  and  Kirke's,  were  fine. 

Various.— Mr.  T.  Butler,  North  Lancing.  Sussex, 
received  1st  for  Figs,  showing  capital  large  and  well- 
grown  fruits.  Melons  were  plentiful,  the  premier 
scarlet-fleshed  fruit  coming  from  Mr.  Goodacre  ;  it 
was  a  good  Read's  Scarlet.  There  were  eighteen 
exhibits  in  this  class.  Mr.  A.  Bolton,  Montreal, 
Sevenoaks,  Kent,  was  1st  in  the  green-fleshed  with 
Sutton's  Horticultural  Prize.  Tomatos  were  well 
shown  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  gr.  to  Colonel  the  Hon. 
W.  V.  Talbot,  Glenhurst,  Esher,  who  took  1st  for 
the  collection  of  six  dishes— a  fine  exhibit :  Reading 
Perfection  and  Mikado  were  very  large.  Mr.  C.  J. 
Goldsmith  was  a  very  close  2nd  :  Daniell's  Mayflower 
and  Acme  were  his  finest. 

Apples  and  Pears. — These  were  only  of  fair  quality 
on  the  wliole,  culinary  Apples  alone  being  par- 
ticularly noticeable.  Mr.  A.  Waterman,  gr.  to  H. 
A.  Brassey.  Esq.,  Aylesford,  was  1st  for  a  collection 
of  Apples  (twelve  dishes),  Stirling  Castle,  Peasgood's 
Nonsuch,  Lord  Suffield,  Gloria  Mundi,  and  Warner's 
King,  were  fine  examples,  large  and  clean  ;  Red 
Astrachan  and  Cellini  were  the  best  sorts.  Mr. 
Thomas,  gr.  to  A.  J.  Thomas,  Esq.,  Sittingboume, 
was  2nd,  showing  similarly  in  the  culinary  sorts 
witli    King   of  the    Pippins,    Worcester    Pearmain, 


Seftembeb  10,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEB8'     CHRONICLE. 


315 


and  Kerry  Pippin,  in  the  others,  as  the  most  con- 
spicuous. Mr.  Butler  also  had  the  best  collection  of 
ten  dishes  of  Pears,  Windsor  and  Doyennu  du  Cornice 
being  well  shown.  He  also  had  the  chief  award  for 
three  dishes,  while  in  the  corresponding  class  for 
Apples,  Messrs.  C.  &  J.  Lane,  Cockmanning  Nursery, 
St.  Mary  Cray,  Kent,  took  a  similar  place  with  ex- 
cellent fruits  of  Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  Ked  Astra- 
chan,  and  Shakespeare,  all  highly  coloured,  clean  and 
large. 

Miscellancoics. — Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Son  and  Messrs. 
T.  Rivers  &  Son,  Sawbridgeworth,  both  contributed 
a  highly  interesting  collection  of  fruit  trees  in  pots. 
Messrs.  Rivers  also  had  dishes  of  fruit  of  great  ex- 
cellence— Peach,  Plums,  Nectaiines,  Cherries,  and 
Grapes. 


Co.,  Forest  Ilill,  S.E.,  contributed  a  very  attractive 
group  of  tuberous  Begonias.  Mr.  W.  Gordon, 
Twickenham,  showed  Lilies  in  pots,  very  fine.  Mr. 
G.  Miles,  Victoria  Nursery,  Dyke  Road,  Brighton, 
showed  a  group  of  Japanese  Chrysanthemum  Mrs. 
Burrell ;  in  colour  it  is  pale  orange-yellow  or  rioli 
cream,  in  the  way  of  George  Wermig,  which  it 
greatly  resembles,  but  is  lighter.  Gladioli  were 
plentiful,  being  well  represented  by  a  large  collection 
of  cut  spikes  from  Mr.  A.  Campbell,  Gourock,  and 
from  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co..  Cambridge,  to  whom 
prizes  in  this  order  wi^ro  awarded.  Rev.  H.  II. 
D'Ombrain  showed  the  best  in  the  amateur  section. 
Stove  and  greenhouse  flowers  were  fine,  Mr.  Prewett, 
Uammersmith.  W.,  Mr.  II.  James,  Norwood,  Mr. 
Gibson,  Sevenoaks,   exhibiting.     Cockscombs  were 


Fig.  72. — specimen  fuchsia,     (see  p.  314.) 


Fioweis  and  Plants. — A  few  classes  were  provided 
for  flowers.  Asters  and  Hollyhocks  were  small 
generally.  Messrs.  Webb  &  Brand,  Saffron  Walden, 
however,  had  good  Hollyhocks ;  a  good  white  is 
Oygnet,  while  a  yellow  of  merit  is  called  Golden  Drop. 
Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Co.  showed  incurved  French 
Asters  best,  taking  the  1st  place  for  twenty-four  nice 
compact  flowers,  well  chosen  as  to  colour ;  2nd  fell 
to  Mr.  W.  J.  Jones,  Bath,  having  reflexed  sorts  of 
excellent  quality.  A  few  other  lots  were  also  good, 
coming  close  to  these  in  merit.  Messrs.  Cannell  &  Sons, 
Swanley,  had  show  Dahlias,  of  fine  size  and  finish  ; 
also  double  seedling  Begonias  so^vn  January  7  last, 
and  growing  in  48"s :  the  plants  were  1^  foot  high. 
From  Mr.  W.  Piercy  came  early-flowering  Chrysan- 
themums taking  1st ;  Mr.  J.  R.  Pitcher,  white  recurved, 
large,  from  New  York,  is  a  good  one,  and  grows  high  ; 
Golden  Fleece  and  Flora  are  also  good,  especially  the 
latter,  whichiis  a  free  bloomer.    Messrs.  J.  Laing  & 


numerous    and     good,    Messrs,    Sanders,    Crawley, 
securing  the  highest  award. 


Grand  National  Dahlia  Show. 

Who  could  have  supposed,  after  the  drought  and  the 
tearing  storm-winds,  accompanied  by  heavy  rains  that 
followed,  that  as  many  as  .six  stands  of  seventy-two 
blooms  of  Dahlias,  not  fewer  than  thirty-six  varieties, 
would  be  staged  ?  For  the  first  time  at  a  show  of 
this  character  fancy  flowers  were  shown  with  what 
are  termed  the  show  varieties.  It  is  probable  it 
will  be  the  last  time  also,  as  the  conservative  spirits 
among  the  growers  appear  to  dislike  this  departure 
from  the  old  ways.  We  thought  the  presence  of  the 
fancy  flowers  gave  a  pleasing  impression  of  variety 
to  the  stands,  though  but  few  fancy  flowers  w^ere 
shown  in  them.    But  this  type  of  bloom  could  be 


shown  witli  what  are  designated  show  varieties  in 
the  nurservmen's  classes  only.  The  best  seventy- 
two  blooms  came  from  Mr.  William  Boston,  nur- 
seryman, Carthorpe,  Bedale,  who  had  a  lot  of  very 
fine,  fresh,  and  bright  flowers,  size  and  refinement 
going  hand-in-hand ;  but  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal 
Nursery,  Slough,  had  a  very  fine  collection  also.  The 
judges  were  a  long  time  making  their  awards,  but 
the  brightness  of  Mr.  Boston's  stand  told  in  his 
favour,  and  gave  him  the  highest  honours.  He  had 
fine  blooms  of  Henry  Walton,  Miss  Glasscock,  James 
Cocker,  Canary,  Mr.  Gladstone,  Professor  Fawcett, 
Mrs.  Langtry,  Jas.  Stephens,  John  Wyatt,  Sunbeam, 
Mr.  Harris.  Pioneer,  Mrs.  Foreman,  T.  J.  Saltmarsh, 
Prince  of  Denmark,  Mrs.  Saunders,  Joseph  Ashby, 
Miss  Henshaw,  John  Forbes,  Duchess  of  Wellington, 
Shirley  Ilibberd,  Mrs.  G.  R.  Jetford,  General  Gordon, 
Cherub,  George  Paul,  Sport,  Mrs.  W.  Slack,  Gold- 
finder.  Galatea,  Annie  Neville,  Thomas  Goodwin,  II. 
W.  Ward,  Criterion,  Miss  Lily  Large,  Hugh  Austin, 
Lady  G.  Herbert,  Henry  Bond,  Burgundy,  Georgina, 
Rev.  J.  Godday,  Charles  Wyatt,  Hope,  W.  R. 
Pritchard,  O.  E.  Coope,  James  O'Brien,  G.  Raw- 
lings,  Countess  of  Ravensworth,  Geo.  Barnes,  Hon. 
Mrs.  T.  Wyndham,  Mrs.  J.  Laing,  &c.  Mr. 
Turner  had  very  fine  blooms  of  the  following : — 
Harry  Keith,  J.  N.  Keynes,  John  Henshaw,  Crimson 
King,  Henry  Glasscock,  Mrs.  W.  Slack,  J.  B.  Service, 
Imperial,  Ethel  Britton,  William  Rawlings,  Mrs. 
Langtry,  Prince  Bismarck,  Rosetta,  Mrs.  Foreman, 
Warbler,  Mr.  Gladstone,  Prince  of  Denmark.  Clara, 
Hubert  Turner,  Diadem,  &c.  3rd,  Messrs.  Keynes, 
Williams  &  Co.,  nurserymen,  Salisbury;  4th,  Messrs. 
Heath  &  Son,  College  Nurseries,  Cheltenham. 

In  the  class  for  forty-eight  blooms,  distinct,  there 
were  nine  stands,  and  the  task  of  the  judges  was  no 
easy  one.  Here  Mr.  Turner  was  1st,  with  a  superb 
lot  of  blooms,  having  grand  examples  of  Goldfinder, 
John  Standish,  Sunbeam,  Progress,  Mr.  Glasscock, 
Mrs.  S.  Hibberd,  Crimson  King,  Clara,  Harry  Turner, 
T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  Harry  Keith,  Mr.  G.  Harris,  Wil- 
liam Rawlings,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  E.xcellent,  Victor, 
Herbert  Turner,  Champion,  RoUo,  J.  B.  Service, 
Prince  Bismarck,  Mrs.  Henshaw,  Jas.  Stephens,  Ethel 
Britton,  Mrs.  Langtry,  James  Cocker,  Lady  Wim- 
borne,  Colonist.  2nd,  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  with  a 
very  good  collection ;  3rd,  Mr.  John  Walker,  Nur- 
seryman, Thame ;  4th,  Mr.  M.  V.  Seale,  The  Vine, 
Sevenoaks. 

In  the  class  for  twenty-four  varieties,  Mr.  G. 
Humphries,  Kington  Langley.  Chippenham,  was  1st 
out  of  six  competitors,  having  a  good  show  of  the 
following: — Joseph  Ashby,  William  Dodds,  Harrison 
Weir,  Ethel  Britton,  Countess  of  Ravenscourt,  Gold- 
finder,  Henry  Walton,  Seraph,  Mr.  G.  Harris,  Prince 
Bismarck,  Egyptian  Prince,  Picotee  John  Wyatt, 
Mrs.  Langtry.  T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  Jas.  Stephens  ;  2nd, 
Messrs.  J.  Saltmarsh  &  Sons,  Chelmsford ;  3rd, 
Mr.  J.  Walker;  4th,  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Son, 
nurserymen,  Bedale,  Yorksliire. 

In  the  class  for  twelve  varieties  there  were  six 
stands  also,  Messrs,  Saltmarsh  &  Sons  being  placed 
1st  with  John  Standish,  Mrs.  Saunders,  Miss 
Cannell,  Shirley  Hibberd,  Ethel  Britton,  William 
Rawlings,  T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  W.  G.  Harris,  Mrs.  D. 
Saunders.  James  Vick,  Constance,  and  John  Hen- 
shaw.    2nd,  Messrs.  Harkness  &  Son. 

In  the  amateur  division  the  show  flowers  were  kept 
distinct  from  the  fancy  flowers.  The  best  twenty- 
four  blooms  came  from  Mr.  R.  Petfield,  gr,  to  A.  J. 
Thornhill,  Esq..  Diddingston,  Buckden,  who  had  ex- 
cellent blooms  of  Earl  of  Ravensworth,  George  Raw- 
lings, Sunbeam,  Joseph  Ashby,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  John 
Standish,  R.  T.  Rawlings,  Imperial,  T.  J.  Saltmarsh, 
Thomas  Hobbs,  Rev.  J.  Godday,  Mrs.  S.  Hibberd, 
James  Cocker.  Miss  Cannell,  J.  W.  Lord,  Goldfinder, 
Constance,  Miss  Henshaw,  J.  B.  Service,  John 
Wyatt,  Mrs.  Dodds,  Prince  of  Denmark,  Mr.  G. 
Harris,  and  James  Stephens.  2nd,  Mr.  Thomas 
Hobbs,  Lower  Easton,  Bristol;  3rd,  Mr.  H.  'Glass- 
cock, Rye  Street,  Bishops  Stortford:  there  were 
but  three  competitors.  In  the  class  for  twelve 
blooms  there  were  ten  stands,  and  here  Mr.  J.  T. 
West,  gr.  to  W.  Keith,  Esq.,  Cornwalls,  Brentwood, 
was  1st,  with  a  very  fine  lot  of  blooms,  having 
J.  T.  West,  W.  Rawlings,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Harry 
Keith,  T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  James  Stephens,  Mrs.  Glad- 
stone, Prince  of  Denmark.  2nd,  Mr.  B,  Clarke, 
Shottesham,  All  Saints,  Norfolk.  There  were  some 
dozen  stands  of  six  blooms,  and  here  Mr.  S.  Cooper, 
The  Hamlets  Chippenham,  was  1st,  with  James 
O'Brien,  "Goldfinder,  Picotee,  Hope,  Mrs.  Gladstone, 
and  James  Cocker.  2nd,  Mr.  A,  Walton,  The 
Apiaries,  Orpington ;  3rd,  Mr.  Thomas  Anstiss, 
Brill, 

Mr.  West  had  the  best   twelve   fancy  varieties. 


316 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septemeeb  10,  1887. 


staging  capital  blooms  of  James  O'Brien,  Henry 
Glasscock,  Duchess  of  Albany,  Jessie  Mcintosh, 
Kebecca,  Chorister,  Professor  Fawcett,  Henry  Eckford, 
Egyptian  Prince,  Mrs.  N.  Halls,  Hugh  Austin,  and 
Edward  Boston.  2ud,  Mr.  E.  Petfield  ;  3rd,  Mr.  H. 
Glasscock.  There  were  five  competing  stands.  Of 
six  fancies,  there  were  a  dozen  competitors,  and  here 
Mr.  S.  Cooper  was  1st  with  Miss  Lily  Large,  John 
Lamont,  Eric  Fisher,  Galatea,  Chorister,  and  Man- 
darin.    2nd,  Mr.  W.  H.  Smith,  Shrivenham,  Berks. 

Then  followed  four  open  classes  for  show  Dahlias 
^ouped  in  colours,  which  was  tried  as  an  experiment. 
The  best  six  dark  flowers  came  from  Messrs.  Keynes, 
Williams  &  Co.,  who  had  very  fine  blooms  of  William 
Eawlings,  Mr.  Glasscock,  Imperial,  Victor,  Kichard 
Dean,  and  Ethelwin.  2nd,  Messrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Son, 
•with  William  Kawlings,  John  Standish,  Shirley  Hib- 
berd,  James  Cocker,  Eev.  J.  Godday,  and  John  Hen- 
shaw.  3rd,  Mr.  C.  Turner.  The  best  six  light 
Dahlias  came  from  Mrs.  M.  V.  Seale.  who  had  a 
half-dozen  truly  charming  flowers,  all  light  and  of  the 
most  delicate  character.  Jlessrs.  Saltmarsh  &  Son 
had  the  best  six  tipped  Dahlias,  staging  Iloyal 
Queen,  J.  T.  West,  Mrs.  Saunders,  Mrs.  Harris,  Mrs. 
N.  Halls,  and  T.  J.  Saltmarsh.  Messrs.  Keynes  & 
Co.  had  the  best  six  striped  varieties,  staging  good 
flowers  of  Rebecca,  Eric  Fisher,  Pelican,  Gaiety, 
Chorister,  and  a  seedling. 

The  class  for  six  bunches  of  decorative  Dahlias 
including  Cactus  varieties,  brought  a  very  interesting 
and  satisfactory  feature,  and  fully  justified  the  com- 
mittee in  including  such  a  class  in  the  schedule  of 
prizes.  The  bunches  consisted  of  six  blooms  and 
very  satisfactory  they  were.  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co. 
were  1st  with  a  collection  it  appeared  very  difficult 
indeed  to  improve  upon  ;  the  varieties  were  Con- 
stance, Empress  of  India,  Cochineal,  Mrs.  Hawkins, 
Juarezi,and  Mrs.  Tait.  2nd.  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Sons, 
nurserymen,  Crawley,  with  an  admirable  stand  also, 
consisting  of  Lady  Marsham.  Mrs.  Hawkins,  Cochi- 
neal, Cherry  Bud."  Juarezi,  and  Lady  Kirkham. 

The  pompon  Dahlias  also  made  a  very  fine  display, 
and  they  were  seen  to  the  very  best  advantage.  They 
•were  set  up  in  bold  and  showy  bunches  of  from  eight 
to  ten  bloom,  some  of  them  a  little  too  stiffly, 
indeed  the  flowers  were  wired  to  look  like  floral 
fans,  but  they  attracted  a  great  deal  of  the  public 
attention.  The  best  collection  came  from  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  who  had  remarkably  good  bunches  of  Lady 
Blanche,  Garnet,  William 'Carlisle  (new),  Titania, 
Eccentric,  Professor  Bugeat,  Lustrous,  Golden  Gem, 
Gem,  E.  V.  Jungker,  Henriette,  Fashion,  Gazelle, 
Rosalind,  Little  Willie,  Mdlle.  V.  Faconet,  F'anny 
Weiner.  2nd,  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  also  with  a  very 
fine  lot,  but  set  up  a  little  too  stiflly ;  Loveliness, 
Leila,  Grace,  Hector,  Rosalie,  Sappho,  Marvel, 
Mignon,  Iseult,  Dora,  and  Peasant  Girl,  were  all  fine 
and  distinct.  In  the  class  for  twelve  varieties  there 
was  a  keen  competition  also,  the  best  coming  from 
Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Howe  House  Nurseries, 
Cambridge,  who  had  delightful  bunches  of  Isabel,  K. 
F.  Jungker,  Rosalie,  Darkness,  Fanny  Weiner,  White 
Aster,  Gem,  Alice,  Titania,  Favourite,  Cupid,  and 
Wilhelm  Nitsche  ;  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Henshaw,  Rotham- 
sted  Cottage,  Harpenden,  who  had  Golden  Gem, 
Catherina  H.  Milesky,  Leila,  Guiding  Star,  Rosetta, 
Rosalie,  Fashion,  Little  Nigger,  and  Garnet,  distinct 
from  the  foregoing.  In  the  class  for  six  varieties 
Mr.  H.  Glasscock  was  1st,  with  a  capital  lot,  un- 
named. 

&'«9&  Dahlias.— Can  tlie  single  Dahlia  be  on  the 
decline?  Or  had  the  storms  destroyed  the  flowers? 
There  was  but  one  stand  of  twenty-four  varieties,  set 
up  in  the  very  best  style  by  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Son, 
the  flowers  of  the  very  finest  quality.  The  varieties 
were  Alba  perfecta,  Brutus,  Mr.  Kennett.  Mrs.  Bow- 
man, Primrose,  Edith,  Silver  King.  Amos  Perry,  Excel- 
sior (new).  Paragon,  Sunset,  Miss  Canen,  Duchess  of 
Westminster,  Hugo,  Negress,  Helene,  Beauty  of  Up- 
lands, Cetewayo,  Acquisition,  Henry  Irving,  James 
Kelway,  and  seedlings.  In  the  class  for  twelve  varie- 
ties there  were  four  stands.  Jlr.  T.  S.  Ware  being  placed 
1st,  with  Mauve  Queen  Improved,  Canterbury  Tales, 
Mrs.  Barker,  Huntsman,  Mrs.  J.  Couch,  Mary  Graham, 
Amos  Perry,  Miss  Linaker,  Formosa,  Duchess  of 
Westminster,  and  seedlings.  2nd,  Messrs.  Paul  & 
Son,  Old  Nurseries,  Cheshunt.  Strange  to  say  the 
class  for  six  varieties  did  not  bring  a  single  com- 
petitor. 

Special  Pri-«.— Foremost  among  the  special  prizes 
■was  the  competition  for  the  Turner  Memorial  Prize  of 
a  Silver  Cup,  value  £10.  The  class  required  a  stand 
of  twelve  show  and  six  fancy  Dahlias,  the  winner  on 
this  occasion  being  Mr,  J.  T.  West,  Cornwall.s, 
Brentwood,  and  having  been  the  holder  of  the  Cup 
from  last  year,  and  thus  having  won  it  twice,  it  now 


becomes  his  property.  He  had,  of  show  Dahlias 
capital  blooms  o(  Harry  Keith,  J.  F.  West,  Sunbeam, 
Mrs.  Gladstone,  Prince  of  Denmark,  Mrs.  S.  Hibberd, 
J.  W.  Lord,  William  Keith  (new),  T.  J.  Saltmarsh, 
George  Rawlings,  General  Gordon,  and  James 
Cocker. 

The  Veitch  Memorial  Medal  and  prize  for  nine 
self-coloured  show  Dahlias  was  won  by  Mr.  H. 
Glasscock,  who  had  Mrs.  Glasscock,  T.  J.  Saltmarsh, 
Mrs.  Foreman,  Chorister,  George  Rawlings,  Joseph 
Ashby,  William  Rawlings,  King  of  I'urples,  and 
James  Service.  Mr.  Glasscock  was  equally  successful 
in  winning  the  same  with  nine  parti-coloured  Dahlias, 
h.aving  Pelican,  Gaiety,  Miss  Cannell,  Mrs.  Gladstone, 
Fanny  Street,  Mrs.  Harris,  Mrs.  Langtry,  Mrs.  J. 
Walker,  and  Chorister.  The  same,  for  twelve 
pompon  Dahlias,  in  bunches,  was  won  by  Mr.  J. 
Henshaw,  who  had  excellent  examples  of  Princess 
Sophie  Sopietra,  Garnet,  Golden  Gem,  Dora,  Sensa- 
tion, Darkness,  Isabel,  Thomas  Moore,  Guiding  Star, 
E.  F.  Jungker,  H.  Milesky,  and  Fanny  Weiner.  The 
class  for  twelve  bunches  of  single  Dahlias  brought 
no  competitor.  The  same  was  offered  for  twelve 
bunches  of  decorative  Dahlias,  and  Mr.  H.  Vincent, 
gr.  to  Mr.  Hart,  Keymer,  Sussex,  was  the  winner — 
Mrs.  Hawkins,  Annie  Harvey,  Constance,  Juarezi, 
Fire  King,  and  Willie  Peach  repeated  in  duplicate. 

Certificates. — First-class  Certificates  of  Merit  were 
awarded  to  Mr.  Charles  Turner,  for  show  Dahlias  : 
— Royalty,  yellow,  tipped  slightly  with  rosy-purple — 
a  large  flower  of  fine  form  and  substance  ;  Malcolm, 
a  large,  fine,  and  striking  flower  of  a  pale  orange- 
scarlet  colour  ;  and  Purple  Prince,  pale  crimson 
centre — about  one-half  of  the  basal  circumference 
of  the  flower  distinctly  edged  with  purple  ;  and  to 
pompon  Dahlia  William  Carlisle,  pale  ground,  some- 
what heavily  tipped  with  shaded  maroon-crimson. 
To  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  for  fancy  Dahlia  Frank 
Pearce,  rosy-lilac,  with  matoon  stripes — a  large  full 
flower  of  fine  form.  To  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  for 
pompon  Dahlias  Janet,  of  a  pale  orange  terra-cotta 
colour — distinct  and  very  pretty;  and  Iseult.  pale 
bright  yellow — a  flower  of  beautiful  form.  To  Messrs. 
J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  for  single  Dahlia  Excelsior,  pale 
ground,  broadly  edged  with  bright  rosy-purple.  To 
Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  for  single  Dahlias  Miss  Henshaw, 
pale  sulphur-yellow — smooth,  and  extra  fine  ;  Miss 
Gordon,  yellow,  broadly  edged  with  dark  brownish- 
crimson  ;  and  Miss  Roberts,  pale  bright  yellow — 
very  pretty.  To  Mr.  Henry  Cannell,  for  Cactus 
Dahlia  Blazer,  a  very  bright  and  effective  flower. 


ROYAL  CALEDONIAN  HORTICUL- 
TURAL. 

Septembek  7— .8— The  autumn  show  of  the  Royal 
Caledonian  Horticultural  Society,  which  was  opened 
in  the  Waverley  Market  on  Wednesday,  and  was 
continued  on  Thursday,  was  one  of  great  excellence 
— one  of  the  best,  indeed,  the  Society  has  held, 
whether  viewed  from  the  point  of  view  of  numbers, 
or  the  quality  of  the  exhibits.  The  entries  amount 
in  the  aggregate  to  over  1900,  as  compared  with 
1450  at  this  time  last  year.  At  this  time  of  the  year 
the  fruit,  of  course,  is'the  great  feature  of  the  show, 
and  in  the  opinion  of  the  judges  there  has  not  been 
a  better  exhibition  of  fruit  shown  since  the  Inter- 
national year.  Grapes  in  particular  made  a  splendid 
display,  "there  being  something  like  450  bunches 
staged,  while  included  also  in  the  1000  entries  of 
fruit  are  573  dishes  of  Apples  and  130  dishes  of 
Pears.  The  money  value  of  the  prizes  ofTt-red  was  £283, 
which  included  a  sum  of  £15  which  the  Town  Council, 
who  have  all  along  taken  a  gi-eat  interest  in  the 
Society,  give  for  the  encouragement  of  fruitgrowing. 
It  may  only  be  added  here  in  the  introductory  re- 
marks that  the  general  taste  displayed  by  the  com- 
mittee in  the  staging  of  the  exhibits  was  admirable, 
and  that  the  market  hall  presented  from  end  to 
end  a  most  pleasing  appearance. 

Fruit. —T'ne  competition  which  had  the  place  of 
honour  in  the  catalogue  was  that  for  a  collection  of 
twelve  dishes  of  fruit— three  dishes  of  Grapes,  two 
dishes  of  Peaches,  and  one  dish  of  any  other  kind  of 
fruit,  not  excepting  Pine-apples  and  Bananas.  The 
prize  was  a  valuable  silver  tea  set,  presented  by  Messrs. 
Mackenzie  &  Moncur,  the  well  known  horticultural 
builders.  A  splendid  tussle  ensued  for  the  honour, 
which  was  ultimately  carried  ofTby  Mr.  Thomas  Boyd, 
Callender  Park,  Falkirk,  who  was  also  remark- 
ably successful  in  other  parts  of  the  schedule. 
His  Grapes  were  Black  Hamburglis,  Muscat 
Hamburghs,  aud  Black  Alicante  ;  and  it  was 
generally  agreed  that,  alike  for  size  and  finish,  his 
JIuscat  "Hamburghs  were  equal  to  anything  in  the 


hall.  The  Nectarines,  Peaches  and  Plums  were  also 
fine.  Mr.  ilcKelvie,  Broxmouth  Park,  was  a 
remarkably  good  2nd  ;  his  Muscats  were  shown  in 
grand  condition — beautifully  yellow  and  ripe ;  and 
his  Jargonelle  Pears  and  Melon  were  also  worthy  of 
note.  The  chief  exhibit  in  the  ord  prize  lot,  which 
was  from  Hutton  Hall,  were  the  examples  of  Gros 
Colmar,  which  were  large  in  the  berry,  and  fine  in 
bloom. 

Fur  the  best  collection  of  eight  dishes  of  fruit  Mr. 
Hunter,  Lambton  Castle,  was  placed  1st,  his  (Jrapes 
and  Pears  being  of  superior  merit.  Mr.  Mclndoe, 
Hutton  Hall,  who  was  2nd,  was  again  to  the  front  with 
his  Gros  Colmar  Grapes,  which  could  not  have  been 
beaten  by  any  of  the  same  variety  in  the  place. 
For  twelve  dishes  of  hardy  fruit  P.  W.  Fairgrieve, 
Dunkeld,  was  placed  1st — a  position  lie  is  accustomed 
to  occupy  in  tliis  class ;  and  for  a  general  collection 
of  twelve  dishes  D.  Melville  EUerton  had  the  Ist 
prize  deservedly  awarded  to  him.  His  exhibit  was 
a  most  creditable  one,  his  Grand  Duke  Plums  and 
Gros  Rouge  Apricots  being  specially  admired ;  Mr, 
Mclndoe  was  a  good  2nd. 

The  Grapes  were  so  splendid  a  show  that  anything 
like  a  detailed  notice  is  out  of  the  question. 
The  chief  Grape  prize  for  twelve  bunches  brought  out 
four  competitors,  ,ind  the  blue  ribbon  went  to  Mr.  W. 
McKelvie,  Broxmouth  Park.  His  Black  Barbarossas, 
Raisin  de  Calabre,  Black  Alicante, and  Golden  Ham- 
burgh were  the  flower  of  a  well  selected  and  highly 
finished  collection.  Mr.  J.  W.  McHattie,  Newbattle, 
was  2nd ;  his  show  included  fine  examples  of  Tyning- 
hame  Muscats  and  Madresfield  Court.  Mr.  Murray, 
Park-hall,  was  3rd,  his  Hamburghs,  Gros  Maroc,  and 
Black  Alicante  being  exceedingly  good.  For  the 
best  eight  bunches  the  prize  also  went  to  Mr. 
McKelvie,  his  collection  including  notable  examples 
of  Muscat,  Black  Alicante,  and  JIadresfield  Court ; 
Mr.  Boyd,  who  came  2nd,  had  fine  bunches  of  Muscat 
Hamburgh,  Black  Alicante,  and  Alnwick  Seedling; 
and  in  the  3rd  prize  lot,  which  came  from  Park- 
hall,  there  was  a  large  bunch  of  Black  Barbarossa. 
There  were  eight  competitors. 

Out  of  nine  competitors  for  four  bunches,  distinct 
varieties,  the  prize  fell  to  A.  Kirk,  Alloa,  with 
Alnwick  Seedling,  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  Madresfield 
Court,  and  Cooper's  Black  ;  T.  Boyd  was  2nd ;  F. 
W.  Murray,  3rd.  For  the  prize  for  two  bunches  of 
Black  Hamburghs  there  were  fourteen  competitors, 
and  to  Mr.  Murray,  Parkhall,  fell  the  1st  prize,  his 
berries  being  in  perfect  bloom.  For  two  bunches 
of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  the  prize  went  to 
Mr.  McKelvie.  Numerous  prizes  were  given  for  single 
bunches.  J.  Cullewell  had  the  1st  honour  for  a  large 
bunch  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  which  were, 
however,  not  very  ripe;  J.  Potter,  Carlisle, 
was  1st  with  a  pretty  bunch  of  White  Alicante, 
D.  Murray,  Maybole,  was  successful  with  a  bunch  of 
Alnwick  Seedling.  Mr.  McKelvie  showed  a  striking 
bunch  of  Gros  Colmar  ;  T.  Boyd,  one  of  Lady  Downes, 
finely  grown.  The  prize  for  the  best  black  variety 
went  to  a  capital  bunch  of  Muscat  Hamburgh  shown 
by  Mr.  T.  Boyd.  For  flavour  the  prize  went  to 
a  bunch  of  the  Duchess  of  Buccleuch,  from  New- 
battle.  For  bloom  the  prize  was  carried  off  by  Mr. 
T.  Boyd  with  a  bunch  of  Black  Alicante. 

There  was  an  exceedingly  keen  competition  for  other 
descriptions  of  fruit — the  entries  with  Apricots  num- 
bering twenty -four  and  with  Plums  seventy — and 
the  prizes  were  very  well  divided.  The  display  of 
Apples  as  already  noticed,  was  excellent,  and  the 
condition  in  which  much  of  the  fruit  was  shown  is 
evidence  that  more  care  is  being  taken  with  its  cul- 
tivation. Among  the  chief  prize-takers  were  W. 
King,  Dalziel ;  R.  P.  Brotherston,  Tyninghame  ;  J, 
Cairns,  Coldstream  ;  L.  Dow,  D.  Murray,  Maybole. 
For  Pears,  D.  Melville,  EUerton,  St.  B'oswells,  was 
very  successful,  and  among  others  who  were  to  the 
froiit  here  were  Mr.  J.  W.  McHattie  and  J.  Mclndoe. 
A  capital  collection  of  Apples  was  shown  by 
Messrs  Dickson  &  Co.,  from  their  experimental 
orchard  at  Liberton.  Over  one  hundred  varieties 
were  tabled,  and  the  exhibit  reflected  on  the  gi-owers 
the  highest  credit.  A  new  seedling  was  "James 
Welsh,"  raised  from  Ecklinville,  and  showing  some 
of  its  peculiarities,  though  not  nearly  so  large  in 
size.  Branches  were  displayed  at  the  back  of  the 
stand  to  show  the  free-bearing  habit  of  the  trees. 
On  their  table  were  also  Plums,  Apples,  and 
Tomatos.  A  new  Apple,  to  which  a  Certificate  was 
awarded,  was  "  Lady  Kinloch,"  shown  by  Mr.  Brun- 
ton,  Gilmerton  Drem.  The  same  Apple  for  table 
use  w,as  shown  at  the  Congress  two  years  ago,  and 
was  then  favourably  noticed. 

Flowers, — For  the  season  there  was  a  very  good 
display  of  flowers — cut  and  in  pots.   The  rich  glow  of 


Septembeh  10,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     GERONICLE. 


317 


the  autumn  open-air  flowers  supplied  a  fine  note  of 
colour  to  the  hall.  Though  the  Rose  season  is  nearly 
over,  this  tine  flower  was  not  without  representatives. 
For  the  best  thirty-six  Roses,  and  for  the  best 
eighteen,  the  1st  awards  went  to  Messrs.  James 
Cocker  &  Sons,  Aberdeen.  On  this  occasion 
Messrs.  Dickson,  of  Belfast,  and  Smith,  of  Stran- 
raer, were  among  the  other  competitors.  The 
Galloway  firm  succeeded  in  getting  2nd  place, 
their  eighteen  being  a  very  nice  bold  lot.  The 
Aberdeen  Roses,  which  alike  as  to  size  and  bloom, 
were  excellent,  included  Her  Majesty,  a  delicate 
pink;  Grace  Darling,  also  a  pink  ;  and  a  fine  example 
of  the  new  Tea  Rose,  The  Bride.  The  flower  of  the 
Stranraer  case  was  a  Madame  Perriere.  Messrs. 
James  Cocker  &  Sons  were  also  1st  for  show  and 
fancy  Dahlias  in  the  nurserymen's  class.  Messrs. 
R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons  carried  off  the  bulk  of  the 
prizes  for  table  plants  ;  Messrs.  Dickson  &  Sons 
had  a  1st  prize  for  a  nice  lot  of  Conifers 
and  for  Chrysanthemums,  which  were  only  put  in  the 
schedule  last  year  for  the  first  time.  R.  B.  Laird  & 
Son  were  1st;  F.  Robertson  Munro,  Abercorn  Nur- 
series, 2nd.  For  Gladioli.  Stewart  &  Mein,  Kelso, 
were  1st ;  and  for  single  Dahlias,  John  Lamont  & 
Son,  The  Glen  Nurseries,  carried  ofi*  chief  honours 
with  a  very  fine  assortment  of  this  useful  and  orna- 
mental flower.  In  the  gardeners'  class  there  was  a 
remarkably  fine  display  of  Gladioli,  Hollyhocks,  single 
Dahlias.  The  chief  prize-takers,  were  Mr.  Smith, 
Roselea,  and  James  Hall,  Boynham,  for  Gladioli ;  D. 
Macfarlane,  Kings'  Meadows,  for  Hollyhocks ;  J.  Pear- 
son, Beechwood.  and  G.Tweedie,  Swinton.  for  Dahlias, 
and  D.  Lawson,  Craigcrook,  for  single  Dahlias. 
The  honours  for  Roses  went  to  W.  Parlane,  Roselea, 
and  G.  L.  Hunter.  Lauriston  Castle. 

The  prize  for  the  best  table  of  plants  for  effect 
was  given  to  R.  Grossart,  Oswald  Road.  J.  Pater- 
son,  Millbank,  as  usual,  was  1st  for  six  stove  or 
greenhouse  plants ;  and  Mr.  Grossart  and  he  had 
the  most  of  the  other  prizes  for  plants  grown  under 
glass.  For  the  third  time  the  Silver  Challenge 
Medal,  for  exotic  Ferns  went  to  Mr.  Grossart. 

Orchids. — One  Oi  the  novelties  in  the  show  which 
attracted  great  notice  was  a  plant  of  the  new  Orchid, 
Odontoglossum  Harryanum,  in  flower  for  the  first 
time  in  Scotland.  The  fortunate  possessor  of  this 
valuable  plant  is  Mr.  James  Wilson,  Banteskine, 
Falkirk,  to  whom  was  awarded  a  Certificate.  He 
also  showed  some  veiy  fine  bits  of  Laslia  elegans. 

Miscellaneous. — To  the  nurserymen  of  Edinburgh 
the  Society  was,  as  usual,  indebted  for  a  veryfine  dis- 
play of  plants  and  flowers,  each  table  being  more  char- 
mingly arranged  than  the  other.  Messrs.  Laird  had  a 
very  fine  table,  of  which  the  featui-e  was  beautifully 
coloured  Crotons;  and  Messrs.  Methven  another, 
aglow  with  beautiful  Liliums,  embedded  in  beautiful 
greenery.  These  Liliums  having  been  grown  in 
small  pots,  while  as  large  in  the  flower  as  usual,  had 
a  more  compact  habit,  and  were  thus  made  more 
suitable  for  decorative  effects.  Messrs.  Ireland  & 
Thomson,  on  a  table  smaller  than  usual,  showed  some 
charming  Begonias — a  flower  now  greatly  in  fashion 
in  these  parts.  They  also  exhibited  an  admirable 
collection  cf  hardy  ornamental  shrubs  which  included 
the  new  Golden  Prince  ;  an  example  of  Prunns  Pis- 
sardi  with  fine  purple  foliage,  and  a  weeping  form  of 
the  Wellingtonia.  Robertson  &  Munro  had  a  nice 
mixed  collection  of  hardy  flowers  and  stove  plants. 

A  table  of  great  scientific  interest  and  value  was 
that  sent  from  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens  by  Mr.  R. 
Lindsay,  the  Curator.  It  included  thirty  species  and 
varieties  of  Pitcher-plants,  and  some  very  fine  ex- 
amples of  Sarracenia  and  Dionsea.  One  of  the 
Venus'  Flytraps,  Dionea  Muscipula,  was  the  largest 
which  has  ever  been  exhibited.  Among  the  newer 
plants  were  Nepenthes  albo  marginata  and  several 
hybrid  Sarracenias. 

Vegetables. — The  Society  may  also  be  congratulated 
on  the  splendid  assortment  of  vegetables  shown. 
The  1st  prize  for  the  best  collection  went  to  James 
Harkness,  Broad  Meadows  ;  for  salads  to  Thomas 
Melville,  Sunny  Bank  ;  for  Cauliflowers,  to  P. 
Stevenson,  Liberton,  for  Celery  to  John  Waldie, 
Bridge  of  Allan.  There  was  in  particular  an  un- 
commonly fine  lot  of  Potatos  shown.  Messrs. 
Methven  exhibited  a  new  seedling,  which  got 
a  First-class  Certificate  on  the  previous  night  at 
the  Horticultural  Society.  It  is  like  the  Village 
Blacksmith,  but  has  a  white  instead  of  a  bluish  skin, 
and  is  a  first-rate  cropper.  Messrs.  James  Dickson 
&  Son  had  a  very  fine  collection  of  forty-three 
varieties  on  exhibition.  One  named  Creole,  raised 
from  Village  Blacksmith,  differs  from  the  older 
tuber  in  having  a  pink  eye  ;  and  of  Early  Puritan,  an 
Arnericanjmportation,  ^'eat  tbipga  were   expected. 


It  is  a  kidney-shaped  Potato,  and  from  one  which 
was  sent  over  from  New  York  by  way  of  trial  17  lb, 
were  raised  this  season.  From  Lord  Hamilton's  place 
at  Dalziel  a  lot  of  Potatos  were  sent  of  great  size — 
Sutton's  seedlings,  and  there  was  an  interesting  ex- 
hibit of  Mushrooms  by  the  Scottish  Mushroom  Co., 
who  are  utilising  the  disused  Scotland  Street  Tunnel 
of  the  North  British  Railway,  for  this  purpose.  There 
was  also  a  large  exhibit  of  honey,  and  bees  in  obser- 
vatory hives,  were  seen  in  operation,  &c.  The  chief 
prizes  went  to  Mr.  Wilson,  Falkirk,  and  Mr.  Brown, 
Selkirk.  In  the  afternoon  the  members  and  judges 
and  friends  dined  together  in  the  Waterloo  Hotel. 


NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. 

August  31,  September  1  and  2. — The  sixty-third 
exhibition  of  the  Botanical  and  Horticultural  Society 
of  Durham,  Northumberland, and Newcastle-on-Tyne 
was  held  in  the  Royal  Jubilee  Exhibition  Grounds  at 
Newcastle,  and  was  pronounced  one  of  the  finest  yet 
held. 

The  chief  special  prize,  one  of  £50,  divided  into 
£25  for  1st,  £15  for  2nd,  and  £10  for  the  3rd,  for 
fifty  dishes  of  fruit,  brought  forward  three  promi- 
nent exhibitors.  The  Society's  Silver  Medal  and 
£10  was  the  prize  awarded  for  the  best  decorated 
dessert-table  ;  while  £12  was  offered  for  eight  plants 
in  bloom,  as  the  1st  prize,  and  as  much  as  £10  and  a 
Silver  Medal  for  the  best  group  of  plants. 

Fruit. — The  exhibition  of  fruit  being  of  high 
interest,  we  will  take  it  first. 

Fifty  dishes  (Pines  excluded).  —  The  following 
were  the  conditions  :  —Six  varieties  of  Grapes,  two 
bunches  of  each ;  three  of  Melons,  eight  of  Apples, 
the  same  number  of  varieties  of  Pears,  four  of  Plums, 
three  of  Peaches,  two  of  Nectarines,  Figs,  and  Apri- 
cots, three  of  Gooseberries.  Currants,  and  Cherries, 
the  remainder  being  dissimilar.  After  much  de- 
liberation the  much  coveted  prize  was  awarded  to 
Mr.  J.  Hunter,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Durham.  Lambton 
Castle,  Durham,  for  a  generally  fine  collection,  tlie 
black  Grapes  showing  the  only  weak  points  :  they 
were  Black  Alicante,  large  in  bunch,  with  good  even 
berries,  but  only  moderately  well  coloured  ;  Barba- 
rossa,  medium-sized  bunches;  Black  Hamburgh, 
good  bunches,  small  berries  and  fair  colour ;  the 
white  varieties  were  better,  and  consisted  of  Cannon 
Hall  Muscat,  very  fine  bunches  and  berries,  and 
fairly  well  coloured  ;  the  bunches  of  Trebbiano  were 
of  good  quality.  Melons  were  Scarlet  Premier,  Best 
of  All,  and  Lord  Strathmore.  all  being  very  fine  of 
their  kind.  Pears  Durandeau,  Beurre  Giffard,  B. 
Diel,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien,  Brockworth  Park, 
Pitmaston  Duchess,  and  Souvenir  du  Congres — all 
large,  clean  excellent  fruits,  as  were  also  the  Apples, 
which  consisted  of  Ribston  Pippin,  Ringer,  Jefferson. 
Lord  SufBeld,  Worcester  Pearmain.  Cellini,  and 
White  Calville.  Peaches  were  Royal  George  and 
Late  Admirable,  Nectarines  Pine-apple  and  Pit- 
maston Orange  ;  Figs,  Brown  Turkey  and  Osborne's 
Prolific  ;  Plums,  White  Magnum  Bonum.  Den- 
bigh, and  Prince  Englebert ;  small  Moor  Park 
and  Early  American  Apricots ;  three  dishes  of 
Cherries,  white  and  red  Currants,  with  Citrons  and 
Sago  fruit,  completed  this  collection.  Mr.  James 
Mclndoe,  gr.  to  Sir  J.  W.  Pease,  Bart„M.P.,  Hutton 
Hall,  Guisborough,  was  an  exceedingly  close  2nd, 
with  capital  dishes,  his  Grapes  being  superior  to 
those  in  the  1st  prize  lot,  with  the  exception  of  his 
Gros  Guillaume,  which,  owing  to  an  accident  in 
transit,  were  somewhat  spoilt.  His  Grapes  were 
Alicante,  small  bunches,  of  excellent  finish  ;  Gros 
Colmar,  very  fine  in  berry  and  colouring ;  Buckland 
Sweetwater,  nice  compact  bunches;  Black  Ham- 
burgh, good  bunches  of  fair  quality ;  Muscat  of 
Alexandria,  and  the  Gros  Guillaume  previously 
alluded  to,  the  Melons,  Peaches,  Apples  and  Pears 
being  good.  Mr.  J.  H.  Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of 
Harrington,  Elvaston  Castle,  Derby,  was  3rd,  show- 
ing excellent  Grapes,  but  the  others  were  weak. 

Eight  dishes,  £6,  £5,  £4,  £3,  £2  being  oft'ered  as 
prizes,  brought  seven  competitors.  Mr.  Hunter  was 
again  placed  easily  1st,  showing  Golden  Queen  and 
Gros  Maroc  Grapes,  Be.st-of-AU  Melon,  Smooth 
Cayenne  Pine,  Goshawk  Peaches.  Souvenir  du 
Congres  Pears,  Worcester  Pearmain  Apple,  and 
White  Magnum  Bonum  Plum,  each  excellent  of  its 
kind.  Mr.  R.  Westcott,  gr.  to  the  Duke  of  Cleve- 
land, Raby  Castle,  was  2nd  with  good  examples  ; 
Mr.  J.  Mclntyre,  gr.  to  Mrs.  G.  Pease,  Woodside, 
Darlington,  was  3rd. 

Four  dishes,  Pines  excluded. — In  this  class  nine 
competed.  Mr.  Westcott  being  1st,  The  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  and  Blacfe  Hamburgh  Qrapes   shown, 


although  small,  were  of  excellent  quality.  Mr.  R. 
Parker,  gr.  to  J.  Corbett,  Esq.,  Impney  Hall,  Droit- 
wich,  Worcester,  was  2nd. 

Six  dishes  of  hardy  fruit  grown  out-of-doors 
brought  seven  entries,  Mr.  J.  Short,  gr.  to  Arthur 
Pease,  Esq..  Hummers  Knott,  Co.  Durham,  was  Ist ; 
2nd.  Mr.  Westcott. 

Six  bunches  of  Grapes,  not  less  than  three 
varieties. — Mr.  J.  Witherspoon,  Red  Rose  Vineries, 
Chester-le-Street,  was  easily  1st,  staging  by  far  the 
best  Grapes  obser^'cd,  consisting  of  Black  Alicante, 
Alnwick  Seedling,  Gros  Maroc  ;  Mr.  Hunter  was 
2nd,  his  best  being  Cannon  .Hall  Muscat,  and  Gros 
Maroc  ;  Mr.  Mclndoe  3rd.     Nine  competed. 

Black  Hamburgli  Grapes.  —  This  competition 
brought  fourteen  pairs  of  bunches,  the  quality  of 
which  generally  was  inferior  to  that  of  any  other 
Grapes  in  the  show.  Mr.  Mclndoe  and  Mr. 
Goodacre  were  placed  1st  and  2nd. 

Mr.  Witherspoon  scored  1st  honours  with  two 
bunches  of  Black  Alicante ;  Mr.  Heslop,  gr.  to  J.  J. 
Allison,  Esq.,  Roker,  Sunderland,  2nd.  Mr.  J. 
Mclndoe.  with  large  bunches  and  berries,  slightly 
rubbed,  was  1st  for  any  other  black  variety;  Mr. 
Hunter  2nd.  For  two  bunches  white  Muscat  eight 
competitors  entered,  Mr.  Hunter  being  1st,  with 
Cannon  Hall,  and  Mr.  Westcott  2nd.  Amongst  four 
competitors  Mr.  Heslop  was  1st  for  Buckland  Sweet- 
water ;  while  Mr.  W.  Carnick,  gr.  to  E.  H.  Pigott, 
Esq.,  Saltwell  Grove,  Gateshead,  was  2nd.  For  two 
bunches  of  any  other  white  Grape  Mr.  Hunter  staged 
Trebbiano  for  1st  place  ;  while  Mr.  Mclndoe  had 
Foster's  Seedling.  The  last-named  exhibitor  was 
1st  for  heaviest  bunch,  with  a  small  one  of  Gros 
Guillaume. 

Pines.— Mr.  C.  Bull,  gr.  to  Sir  R.  Buller,  V.C, 
Downs,  Crediton,  Devon,  had  the  best  Pine-apple. 

Melons.— Among  twenty-five  Melons  staged,  Mr. 
Geo.  Corbett,  gr.  to  John  Liddell,  Esq.,  Benwell 
Hall,  was  1st,  with  an  unnamed  green-flesh  variety ; 
2nd,  Mr.  Heslop,  with  William  Tillery. 

Peaches  and  Nectarines. — Fifteen  dishes  of  Peaches 
were  staged,  the  best  being  Violette  Hative  (fine) 
from  Mr.  P.  Blanehard,  gr.  to  Dr.  C.  J.  Gibb,  Sandy- 
ford  Road,  Jesmond ;  2nd,  Mr.  F.  Nicholas,  gr.  to  the 
Earl  of  Zetland,  Upleatham  Yorkshire.  Mr.  Good- 
acre  secured  1st  honours  with  highly-coloured  fruit 
of  Pine-apple  Nectarine ;  2nd,  Mr.  W.  Jenkins,  gr. 
to  B.  Cochrane,  Esq.,  Aldin  Grange,  Durham. 

Mr.  J.  Short  had  the  best  dish  of  Apricots,  a  small 
one  of  Gros  Peche. 

Miscellaneous  Fruits. — Amongst  twelve  competi- 
tors for  Cherries.  Mr.  Mclndoe  had  the  1st  prize  with 
Bigarreau  Napoleon — very  fine  ;  iMr.  P.  Blair,  gr.  to 
the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  Trentham,  Stoke-on-Trent, 
was  2nd,  with  Morello,  also  of  fine  quality.  Dessert 
Apples  were  best  shown  by  Mr.  Short,  and  Mr. 
Parker  staged  the  best  kitchen  Apples.  Mr.  Hunter 
had  the  best  twelve  Pears  in  four  varieties.  Tomatos 
were  a  strong  feature,  as  many  as  thirteen  com- 
peting. Mr.  Mclndoe  was  1st  with  medium-sized, 
even,  round  ones  of  Hackwood  Park. 

Table  Decorations  and  Cut  Flowers. — These,  as 
before  stated,  were  staged  in  large  numbers,  and  of 
excellent  quality. 

Twenty-four  Dahlias,  distinct  fancies  excluded. 
The  sum  of  £6  and  the  Wood  Jubilee  Memorial 
Silver  Medal  was  offered  as  1st  prize  in  this  com- 
]5etition.  Mr.  J.  Spoor,  Musgrove  Cottage,  Low 
Fell,  Gateshead,  was  placed  1st  with  specimens, 
large,  full,  and  of  good  form,  the  best  being  W.  Raw- 
lings.  Mrs.  Langtry.  Clara,  and  Gladstone ;  Mr. 
N.  Walker,  florist,  Gateshead,  was  2nd.  Eight  com- 
peted. 

Twenty-four  Hollyhocks,  not  less  than  twelve 
varieties. — £4  was  offered  for  1st  prize  ;  this  brought 
together  ten  collections,  the  best  coming  from  Mr. 
G.  Finlay.  gr.  to  Mrs.  M.  Proud,  East  Layton  Hall, 
for  full,  thougli  not  large,  but  fresh  and  good  in 
colour ;  Mr.  A.  Ferguson,  gr.  to  W.  D.  Forster,  Esq., 
North  Middleton,  2d. 

Gladioli. — Messrs.  Harkness,  nurserymen,  Bedale, 
Yorkshire,  had  the  best  eighteen  spikes,  of  extra  good 
quality;  Mr.  A.  G.  Brown,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Barnes,  Whit- 
burn, was  2nd. 

Twenty-four  Roses,  not  less  than  twelve  varieties. 
^—Messrs.  J.  Cocker  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Aberdeen, 
were  easily  1st,  with  very  fine  blooms  for  the  season 
— Her  Majesty,  Marechal  Niel,  Due  de  Rohan,  and 
Thomas  Mills,  being  the  best;  Messrs.  Harkness 
were  2nd,  with  much  smaller  flowers. 

Hardy  heibacbous  flowers. — Five  capital  collec- 
tions of  eighteen  varieties  made  a  feature  of  the  show. 

Eight  plants  in  bloom,  distinct. — Mr.  Letts  was 
1st,  staging  AUamanda  grandiflora,  Erica  Parmen- 
tieriana  rosea,  f).  Jacksoni,  and  E,  Marnockiana 


318 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Beftembee  10,  1887. 


Ixora  Williamsu,  and  Dipladenia  amabilie,  all  freely 
flowered  and  fresh.  Mr.  Thos.  Suffield,  gr.  to  Mrs. 
Kitching,  Elenfield.  Darlington,  was  2nd,  staging 
Oncidium  fle.xnosum  with  three  dozen  spikes,  Dipla- 
denia amabilis,  and  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  all 
well  flowered  and  fresh. 

Eight  foliage  plants. — Mr.  Letts  was  again  1st, 
with  fine  specimens  of  Kentia  Fosteriana,  Steven- 
sonia  grandiflora,  Cycas  revoluta,  and  Croton 
angustifolius.  Mr.  A.  Methvin,  gr.  to  T.  Lange, 
Esq.,  Heathfield  House,  Gateshead,  2nd,  with  smaller 
plants. 

Groups. — Equal  1st  prizes  were  awarded  to  Mr. 
Mclntyre  and  Messrs.  Clark  Bros.  &  Co.,  Carlisle,  for 
groups  of  miscellaneous  plants  arranged  for  effect  in 
a  space  not  exceeding  20  feet  by  10  feet ;  the  foliage 
plants  consisting  of  Crotons,  Dracoenas,  &c.,  era- 
ployed  in  both  groups  were  capitally  grown  for  the 
purpose,  but  flowering  plants  lacked  in  number  and 
quality,  while  the  pots  in  both  gi-oups  were  too 
plainly  visible. 

Exotic  Ferns  were  shown  capitally  by  Mr.  H. 
.Tohnstone,  gr.  to  E.  B.  Hodgkin,  Esq.,  Elen  Ridge, 
Darlington,  Davallia  Mooreana  being  especially  note- 
worthy. In  another  class  for  six  Ferns,  nurserymen 
being  e.xcluded,  Mr.  F.  Nicholas  was  1st,  with  healthy 
fine  specimens. 


Enquiries. 

"  ffe  that  guestioneth  miich  shall  learn  flii/c/t."— Bacon. 

Flower  Perfcties.— On  p.  852  (No.  1811)  of  the 
Society  of  Arts  Journal  Consul  Mason  says : — "  One 
essential  principle  in  perfume  culture  is,  that  all 
fancy  and  'improved'  varieties  of  flowers  are  dis- 
carded, and  the  natural,  simple,  old-fashioned  kinds 
are  exclusively  grown.  The  Rose  on  the  slopes  of 
SeiUans  are  the  common  pink  ones,  and  the  single 
wild  Violet  is  preferred  to  all,  the  larger  artifi- 
cially developed  varieties."  1  have  copied,  however, 
the  'following  from  the  Kew  Guide,  p.  141 :— "  The 
origin  of  the  common  Damask  Rose  (R.  Damascena) 
is  unknown;  the  petals  of  its  double  form  are  the 
great  source  of  attar  of  Roses  in  India  and  else- 
where ; "  and  I  am  at  a  loss  to  understand  what  the 
practice  among  manufacturers  really  is.  Will  some  of 
the  readers  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  kindly  give 
me  some  information,  or  point  out  where  I  may  read 
for  myself?  G.S.N. 

"  Harrison's  Floriccltoral  Cabinet  ;"  "  Mah- 
nock's  Floricoltural  Magazine  ;"  "  Moore  and 
Ayre's  Companion  to  the  Flower  Garden." — 
The  date  of  the  last  publication  of  these  magazines 
is  required.  Can  any  reader  obligingly  furnish  par- 
ticulars? The  Lindley  Library  is  not  so  rich  in 
such  publications  as  it  ought  to  be.  Historian. 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Alpine  Plants  :  E.  J.     The   matter   shall   receive 

our  attention. 
Antirrhinum  and  French   Marigolds  :  M.    Both 
good,  but  we  have  seen  many  better  at  the  London 
shows. 

Bedding  Violas  and  Phloxes  ;  C.  B.  and  G.  'The 
flowers  had  all  faded  by  the  time  the  communica- 
tion reached  us.  The  colours  of  both  sorts  were 
very  bright  and  clear,  and  seemed  to  have  stood 
well  through  the  drv  season. 

Begonias:  Constant  Reader.  See  Baines'  Greenhou^ 
Plants  and  Nicholson's  Bictionari/  of  Gardening. 

Books  :  Primrose.  Botany  for  Beginners,  and  Plant 
Life,  Bradbury,  Agnew,  &  Co.,  Bouverie  Street, 
London,  E.G. 

Cocctibee:  C.  T.,  Tong  Hall.  We  never  saw  the 
like  before.  We  intend  to  give  an  illustration  of 
it  shortly,  and  defer  our  comments  for  the  present. 

Earwigs:  G.  W.  U.  There  is  nothing  equal  to 
placing  in  their  way  short  lengths  of  any  hollow 
stems — Cow-Parsnip,  Bamboo,  Broad  Beans — to 
catch  these  marauders.  The  traps  must  be  ex- 
amined daily,  and  the  contents  blown  out  of  them 
and  destroved. 

Gardeners'  Agency  :  Honneur  avant  tout.  There  is 
much  to  be  said  for  and  against.  The  price  asked 
is,  we  should  imagine,  much  too  high  for  success. 

"  Gkrhax  Flora  :  "  C.  H.  To  b<!  obtained  through 


Messrs.   Williams   &  Norgate,   Henrietta  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 

Gourd  :  G.  E.  B.  A  variety  from  Valparaiso,  very 
good  when  ripe,  and  better  adapted  for  field  than 
garden  culture.  Does  not  grow  so  quickly  as  the 
commoner  Vegetable  Marrows. 

Grapes  :  W.  S.  B.  The  decay  in  the  stalks  of  the 
bunches  of  your  Grapes  is  not  what  is  termed 
"  shanking,"  but  has  resulted  from  pure  damp,  and 
possibly  some  injury  to  the  stalks  at  one  time. 

HoLLT  Propagation  :  6.  B.  H.  The  common  Holly 
is  usually  raised  from  seeds  sown  thinly  in  beds 
during  March.  Collect  the  berries  when  ripe,  and 
arrange  these  in  layers,  with  a  layer  of  sand  be- 
tween each,  in  the  open  air ;  two  or  three  times 
during  winter  turn  over  the  mass,  to  promote 
decomposition  of  the  pulp  ;  sow  in  from  twelve  to 
eighteen  months  after  being  collected.  Propaga- 
tion by  cuttings  is  not  usually  resorted  to,  although 
with  such  a  method  we  have  been  very  successful, 
and  by  proceeding  as  follows: — In  the  month  of 
August  select  nice  plump  shoots  of  the  season, 
and  insert  these  in  sharp  sandy  soil,  either  in  a 
frame  or  under  a  hand-glass.  They  must  be  kept 
moderately  moist,  well  shaded,  and  be  allowed  but 
little  ventilation  until  the  following  May,  when 
during  growth — or,  rather,  as  soon  as  growth  com- 
mences—plenty of  air  should  be  given.  For  filling 
up  gaps  in  hedges  we  would  advise  you  to  raise  a 
supply  from  seeds,  as  being  usually  more  satis- 
factory than  propagating  from  cuttings,  although 
the  latter  method  is  the  most  speedy. 

Names  OF  Fruit  :  C.  McBonald.  Pear:  1,  Peche. 
Plum  :  one  of  the  Orleans  class,  cannot  tell  from 
a  solitary  fruit.  Apples  :  not  yet  developed  ;  3  may 
be  Alfr'iston,  6,  Braddick's  Nonpareil.  Fruit 
should  be  sent  when  ripe. — J.  Hill.  We  cannot 
with  any  certainty  name  Plums  from  tlie  fruit 
alone.  Those  you  send  are,  no  doubt,  purely  local 
sorts.  The  smaller  is  some  variety  of  the  Dam- 
son.—ParroH  Bros.  Yorkshire  Beiiuty.— OW  Sub- 
scriber. Apples:  1,  Irish  Peach;  2,  Winter  Haw- 
thornden  ;  3,  Dutch  Codlin.  Pears :  4,  Vicar  of 
Winkfield ;  5,  Beurrfi  Sterckmans ;  6,  Beurre 
d'Amanlis. 

Names  of  Plants:  Old  Suiscribcr.  Aristolocliia 
sipho.— i.  S.  1,  Populus  alba  (White  Poplar) ;  2, 
an  Alder,  we  cannot  tell  which  from  such  a  scrap  ; 
3,  4,  5,  7,  11,  are  varieties  of  Holly,  which  we  can- 
not spare  time  to  look  up — ask  some  nurseryman  ; 
6,  Thuia  borealis,  or  nutkaensis  ;  8,  Tansy  (Tana- 
cetum  vulgare) ;  9,  Thuia  plicata;  10,  Retinospora 
plumosa ;  12,  Spirsea  opulifolia ;  13,  Hesperis 
matronalis  ;  14,  Aralia  manshurica  ;  15,  Walnut. 
— /.,  Ballgmena.  Senecio  sarracenicus. — B.  H.  I'. 
Apparently  Rubus  odoratus,  but  the  scrap  was 
shrivelled  when  received. — E.  H.  C.  Pyrus  cre- 
nata.  See  figure  in  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  Januaiy 
3,  1874.— ir.  B.  Solidago  is  S.  canadensis.—^.  H. 
Kcclreuteria  paniculata. — E.  8.  1,  Pilea  muscosa, 
the  Artillery  Plant ;  2,  Blechnum  polypodioides  ;  3, 
Onychium  lucidum  ;  4,  Begonia  nitida ;  5,  Bego- 
nia raetallica  ;  6,  Begonia  argyrostigma. — H.  B. 
1,  Haemanthus  coccineus  ;  2,  Aloe  plicatilis. 

Removal  of  Nuesery  Stock  :  W.  F.  In  the  absence 
of  any  stipulation  to  the  contrary,  you  are  quite 
justified  in  removing  nursery  stock. 
Tomato  Fungus  :  Reader.  The  same  that  affects 
the  Potato.  Cut  all  affected  leaves  away,  and 
burn. 
To  Remove  Herbaceous  Plants  :  A.  W.  Now.  and 
in  October. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

DoEiE  &  Mason,  66,  Deansgate,  and  22,  Oak  Street, 

Manchester — Bulbs,  &c. 
Arthur  Robinson,  8,  Leadenhall  Street,  London — 

Flower  Roots. 
Thosias   Butcher,    Station   Road,   South  Norwood, 

London,  S.E  — Roses  and  Bulbs,  &c. 
T.    S.    Ware,    Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenliam — 

Bulbs,  Hardy  Perennials.  &c. 
Ben  Reid  &  Co.,  Aberdeen— Dutch  Flower  Roots. 
R.  Cleavee,  Bore  Street,  Lichfield — Bulbous  Roots, 

&c. 
Carter  &  Co.,  237  and  238,  High  llolborn,  London 

—Bulbs,  &c. 
Baee  &    Son,    12,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden  — 

Bullis  and  other  Plants. 
T.  M'Kenzie  &  Sons  (Limited).  212,  Great  Bruns- 
wick Street,  Dublin— Dutch  Flower  Roots. 
R.  Nkal,   Trinity   Road,  Wandsworth    Common — 


Cape,  Dutch,  and  other  Bulbs,  Vegetable  and 
Flower  Seeds,  &c. 

T.  Kennedy  &  Co.,  106  to  108,  High  Street,  Dum- 
fries— Dutch  Flower  Roots. 

J.  Wateeee  &  Sons,  Bagshot,  Surrey— American 
Plants,  Coniferous  Trees  and  Shrubs. 

J.  T.  Tompkins  &  Co.,  St.  Albans— Dutch  Bulbs, 
New  Bulbous  and  other  Plants. 

J.  Yates,  Underbank  and  Royal  Oak  Mills,  Stock- 
port— Bulbs,  Flowering  Roots,  and  Roses. 


Communications  Received. — Professor  Riley. — J.  B. — W.  B 
—A.  K.— B.  F.— J.  R..  Paris.— E.  J.— A.  S.— R.  &  A.  M.— 
W.  W.— J.  W.— P.  B.~W.  F<iwcett,  Jamaica.— O.— Baron  & 
Mueller,  Melbourne.— Dr.  Cleghorn.— E.  O.  J.— J.  H.  Hart, 
Trinidad. — G.  S.  J.,  British  Guiana.— M.  D. — Q.,  Demerara, 
with  photo  (many  thanks).— W.  M.  H.,  Emergo.— J.  G.  N.— 
Stuart  &  Mein. — G.  B.  W. — M.  J. — General  Benson  (next 
week).— L.  H.  K.— Young  Gardener.— S.  H.— J.  R.  P.  &  Sons. 
—J.  C— H.  E.— J.  M.— H.  R.— J.  R.  C— T.  L.— W.  C— E.  A. 
K.— F.  A.  F.— E.  H.  J.— P.  B.— J.  J.  W.— Chrysanthemum. 
—Butler.— J.  Swailes.— W.  C. 


The  Weather. 


[Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  ia  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees — a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  o£  hours.] 


Above 
below   the 
Mean  for 


Principal    Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districts. 

0.  Scotland,  N. 

1.  Scotland.  E. 

2.  England,  N.E. 

3.  England,  E. 

4.  Midland  Cos. 

5.  England,  S. 


Principal  Grazing.  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland.  W.   ... 

7.  England, N.W.... 

8.  England,  S.W. ... 

9.  Ireland,  N. 
10.  Ireland,  S. 

—  Channel  Islands 


Temperature. 


0  (a 


2  above 
1  above 

0  (aver.) 

1  above 


0  (aver) 

1  below 
1  below 


Accumulated. 


4-  202 
-I-  235 
4-  227 


Day- 


+   166 
-H  151 


+  96  -f  47 
+  102; -f-  118 
-I-  95+  172 
+  257|-»-  23 
+  184  -1-  97 
-I-  79+  77 


Rainfau:.. 

BRiaHT 
Sunshine. 

DISTBIOTS. 

h. 

o.S 

^1 

1,1 
6 

hi 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Tenths   of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

6  more 

151 

35.8 

29 

25 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

13  more 

113 

15.1 

25 

34 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

3  more 

100 

9.7 

28 

35 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

6  more 

9i 

11.0 

39 

43 

4.  Midland  Cos,  ... 

10  more 

89 

12.1 

30 

39 

5.  England,  S. 

14  more 

87 

12.4 

30 

42 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

16  more 

lis 

2.'?.9 

28 

37 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

12  more 

04 

14.9 

22 

39 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

11  more 

92 

13.9 

2.i 

48 

0.  Ireland,  N. 

20  more 

119 

20.5 

U 

35 

to.  Ireland.  S. 

12  more 

101 

17.9 

29 

42 

—  Channel  Islands 

8  more 

103 

13.8 

37 

53 

Septembek  10,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHRONICLE. 


319 


MEAN  TEMPEKATUBE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DtTK- 
ING  THE  WEEK  ENMNQ  SEPT.  17.  (AVERAGE  OF 
FOKTY-THKEE  YEARS.) 


THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Sept.  5,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  weather  has  been  dull,  unsettled,  and  very 
rainy  in  all  parts  of  the  kingdom. 

"The  temperature  has  continued  a  little  above  the 
mean  in  some  of  the  English  and  Scotch  districts, 
while  in  others  it  has  just  equalled  its  normal  value 
for  the  season,  but  in  Ireland  a  slight  deficit  is  shown. 
The  highest  of  the  maxima,  wliich  were  recorded  on 
August  30,  varied  from  G4''in  '  Scotland,  N.,'and  65° 
in  ■  Scotland,  W.,'  to  75°  in  '  England,  E.'  The 
minima  were  generally  rather  high  for  the  season,  in 
many  cases  ranging  from  between  bb'^  and  60°.  To- 
wards the  end  of  the  period,  however,  they  became 
lower,  and  varied  from  40°  in  '  Scotland,  N.'  and 
'Ireland.  N.,'  to  50°  in  'England,  E.'  and  'Eng- 
land, S.'  In  the  '  Channel  Islands '  the  lowest 
reading  was  55°. 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  over 
the  entire  kingdom,  the  excess  being  very  consider- 
able at  all,  excepting  the  north-eastern  and  eastern 
English  stations. 

"  Bright  sunskine  shows  a  very  decided  decrease  in 
duration,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  number  of 
hours  ranging  from  seventeen  in  '  Ireland,  N.,'  to  39 
in  '  England,  E.'  " 


;Market8. 


CO  VENT  GASDEN,  September  8. 

We  cannot  accept  any  editorial  responsibility  for  the  subjoined 
reports,  which,  however,  are  furnished  to  us  regularly 
every  Thursday,  by  the  kindness  of  several  of  the  principal 
salesmen,  who  revise  the  list,  and  who  are  responsible  for  the 
quotations.  It  must  be  remembered  that  these  quotations 
represent  averages  for  the  week  preceding  the  date  of  our 
report.  The  prices  depend  upon  the  quality  of  the  samples, 
the  supply  in  the  market,  and  they  fluctuate,  not  only 
from  day  to  day,  but  often  several  times  in  one  day,  and 
therefore  the  prices  quoted  as  averages  for  the  past  week 
must  not  betaken  as  indicating  the  particular  prices  at 
any  particular  date,  and  still  less  can  they  be  taken  as 
guides  to  the  prices  in  the  coming  week.  Ed.] 

Prices  lower  all  round,  with  dull  trade.    James 
Webber,  }Vholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fkiht.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  I  s.  d.  s.d. 

^sieve       ...  1  3-  3  6    Lemons,  per  case   ...12  0-21  0 
^-sieve        ...16-4  0     Melons,  each  ...  0  6-10 

per  lb.  ...  0  9-  1  6  Peaches,  dozen  ...10-6  0 
—  Channel  Isl.,  lb.  0  6-  0  9  Pine-apples,  Eng.. lb.  10-30 
Kent  Cobs,  100 lb... .45  0-  ...    |  —St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 

Vegetables — Average  Retail  Prices. 


Apple; 
Plums 


Artichokes,  p.  doz....  4  0-  ... 
Aubergines,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Celery,  per  bundle 
Cucumbers,  each 
Endive,  per  dozen 
Green  Mint,  bunch, 
Herbs,  per  bunch  . 
Leeks,  per  bunch  , 
Lettuce,  per  dozen . 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each. 


16-20 
0  6-10 
3  0-  ... 


.  0  4-  ... 
.0  3-... 
.30-50 
.0  3-... 


0  4-  . 
4  0-  . 
0  6-  . 
i  6-  . 
4  0-  ; 


punnet 
Onions,  per  bushel 
Parsley,  per  bunch 
Peas,  per  quart 
Potatos,  per  cwt. 

,,    kidney,  percw 
Shallots,  per  lb. 
Spinach,  per  bushel, 
Sprue,  bundle 
Tomatos,  per  lb. 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  8- 
Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2- 

,  to  ; 


0  3-  . 
3  6-  . 

1  0-  . 
0  9-  . 


Plants  ts  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Balsams,  per  dozen...  3 
Capsicum,  dozen  ...  5 
Chiysanthem.,  dozen  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
DracEena  terminalis, 

per  dozen 30 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9 


0-18  0    Foliage  plants,  va 
0-  6  0  i      ous,  each    ... 
0-6  0     Fuchsias,  doz. 
0-9  0    Heliotrope,  dozen 

Hvdrange 

Li'iii 


...  2  0-10  0 
...3  0-9  0 
...40-80 
...  9  0-lJ  0 


per  dozen 

Ferns,  in!  var.,  doz, 
Fic«3  elastica,  each  . 


dozen         6  0-12  0 

—  lancifolium,  per 

dozen         6  0-18  0 

Mignonette,  doz.  ...  4  0-  6  0 
Myrtles,  per  dozen...  ti  0-12  0 
t>  u-18  u  .  Palms,  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  0 
j  Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 
6  0-24  0  !  —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 
4  0-18  0  —  I\-y-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
16-70,  ScentedVerbena.doz.  40-60 


Cdt  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons.  12  bun  ...  ; 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  i 
Asters,  12  bunches.,.  : 

—  French,  per  bun.  : 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  i 
Carnations,  12  blms.  ( 

—  dozen  hunches...  ; 
Chrysanth.,  12  bun.  : 

—  large,  12  blooms  : 
Cornflower,  12  bun. 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  : 
Gardenias.  12  blooms  .' 
Heliotropes,  12  spr.  ( 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  i 

longiflonim, 


0-4  0 
0-5  0 
0-  4  0 
0-2  0 
6-  1  0 
6-10 
i>-  6  0 
0-  6  0 
0-4  0 
0-2  0 
0-4  0 


Lavender,  12  bun.  ...  4  i 
Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  < 
Mignonette.  12  bun.  0  i 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...  3  ( 
Pelargoniums,  12  spr.  0  t 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  ; 
Primulas,  double,  12 

sprays        ...         ...  0  E 

Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  ( 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  f 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  t 

—  red,  perdozen  ...  0  .' 

—  Saffrano, dozen...  0  t 
Stephanotis,  12   spr. 


SEEDS. 


London:  Sept.  7. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.G., 
WTite  that  the  samples  offiiring  of  new  Clover  seeds  do 
not  at  present  meet  with  attention.  For  those  kinds 
of  seeds  required  for  immediate  sowing;,  namely,  early 
and  late  Trifolium,  Rye-grass,  Mustard,  Rape  seed, 
Kye,  &c.,  there  is  a  brisk  demand  at  last  week's  cur- 
rencies. Hemp  and  Canary  seed  sell  slowly  on  former 
terms.  Winter  Vetches  are  this  season  good  and 
cheap.  Blue  Peas  realise  late  prices.  In  other 
articles  there  is  no  change  to  be  noted. 


CORN. 


Averages. — Official  statement  showing  the  average 
price  of  British  corn,  imperial  measure,  in  the  week 
ended  Sept.  3:— Wheat,  29s.  11^.;  Barley,  27s.  3(1.; 
Oats.  15s.  6^.  For  the  corresponding  week  in  1886  : 
—Wheat,  335.  Id. ;  Barley,  25s.  4d. ;  Oats,  19s.  Sd. 


FRUIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  7. — Good  supplies 
of  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables.  Large  quantity 
of  fallen  fruit  at  market.  Quotations  ; — Fruit : 
Apples,  eating,  2s,  to  4s.  per  bushel ;  cooking  do., 
Is.  6d.  to  3s.  do.;  Pears,  2s.  to  4s.,  do.,  Green 
Gages,  2s.  Gd,  to  3s.  per  half-sieve ;  coloured 
Plums,  25.  to  2s.  Gd.  do. ;  yellow  Egg  Plums, 
Is.  Gd.  to  2s.  Gd.  do. ;  Tomatos,  2s.  to  3s.  per 
dozen  pounds.  Vegetables:  Cabbages,  4s,  to  6s.  per 
tally;  Vegetable  Marrows.  9f^.  to  Is.  3f^.  per  dozen; 
French  Beans,  3s,  Gd.  to  4s.  per  sieve  ;  Scarlet  do., 
35.  Gd.  to  4s.  Gd.  do. ;  frame  Cucumbers,  25.  6c?.  to 
3s.  Gd.  per  dozen  ;  field  do.,  Gd.  to  Is.  do. ;  English 
Onions,  4s,  to  4s,  Gd.  per  cwt. ;  foreign  do,,  35.  to  45. 
per  bag  of  110  lb, ;  Greens,  Is.  Gd.  to  25.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Turnips,  2s.  Gd.  to  35.  do, ;  Carrots,  25.  to 
2s.  3d.  do. ;  Parslev,  Is.  Gd.  to  2s.  do. ;  Mint,  Is.  to 
25.  do; 

Stratford  :  Sep/cmbcr  7. — Trade  and  supply  have 
been  good.  Quotations  : — Cabbages,  5s.  to  65.  Gd. 
per  tally  ;  Carrots,  household,  5s.  per  cwt. ;  Man- 
gels (new),  27s.  to  32s.  per  ton;  Onions,  Dutch, 
5s.  to  65.  per  "bag ;  Apples,  English,  Ss.  to  os.  Gd.  per 
bushel;  do.  American,  2s.;  Watercress,  Gd.  per 
dozen  :  Pears,  3s.  to  5s.  per  sieve  ;  Plums,  2s,  Gd.  to 
4s,  Gd.  per  half-sieve ;  Green  Gages,  85.  per  sieve  ; 
Cucumbers,  Dutch,  Is.  per  dozen  ;  do.  frame,  45.  do.'; 
Tomatos,  3s.  perMozen  pounds ;  Beetroot,  Gd.  to  dd. 
per  dozen  ;  Scarlet  Runners,  5s.  per  bushel ;  Marrows, 
2s,  to  2s,  Gd.  per  dozen ;  Carrots,  4s.  per  doz.  bunches  ; 
Turnips,  4s.  Gd.  to  5s.  do. ;  Parsley,  Ss.  do. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Sept.  6.— The  market 
is  fairly  supplied,  but  really  good  qualities  comprise 
only  a  small  portion.  These  are  firm,  but  all  other 
grades  dull  of  sale.  Quotations  : — Regents,  90s.  to 
120s. ;  Hebrons,  100*.  to  140s.  ;  Early  Roses,  80s.  to 
100s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Sept.  7. — Quotations: — Early  Rose, 
90s.  to  lOCs. ;  Beauty  of  Hebron,  95s.  to  110s.  ; 
Magnum  Ronums,  70s.  to  lOOs.  per  ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week 
consisted  of  126  bags  from  Am.sterdam,  1  from 
Rotterdam,  295  from  Hamburgh,  and  5  cases  from 
Bordeaux. 

HAY. 

Averages. — The  following  are  the  averages  of  the 
prices  obtained  at  the  various  metropolitan  markets 
during  the  past  week  : — Clover,  prime,  80s,  to 
102s.  Gd. ;  inferior,  60s.  to  84s.  ;  hay,  prime,  705. 
to  95s. ;  inferior,  505.  to  75s. ;  and  straw,  28s.  to  42s. 
per  load. 


"r\UTCH  BULBS. 

T^IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 

ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SOTC,  Nurserymen, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem.  Holland. 
Intending;  purchasers  of  DUTCH  BULBS  are  invited  to  read 
ANT.  ROOZEN  and  SON'S  CATALOGUE  for  18S7.  and  see  the 
large  saving  effected  bv  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower. 
The  Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections 
of  New,  Eare.  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars 
as  to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application 
to  them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane.  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London.  E.G. 

^n  nnn   clematis,  m  Pots,  of  an  the 

OV/^VV'\/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants  ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5^inr-h  pots,  2s.  60. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester, 


SUTTON'S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READINC. 


PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6d.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  5s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  6d.  per 
bag.     SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  Famboro' Station,  Hants. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    KEFUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  255. :  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
40.?. :  4-bushel  bags.  4d.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  ad.  per  sack ;  5  sacks, 
2.5s.  ;  sacks.  4d.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  5  sacks,  22s. ;  sacks, 
4d.  each. 

COARSE  SLLVEK  SAND,  Is.  9d.  per  bushel ;  15s.  per  half 
ton ;  26s.  per  ton.  in  2-bushel  bags,  4d.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

M-INUKES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRGIN  CORK.  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Gold.imith-8  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17i,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

EPPS'S    SELECTED    PEAT 

Is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  for  all  kinds  of  CHOICE 
PLANTS,  FERNS,  HEATHS,  &c.  ;  and  their 

Specially  Selected  do.  for  Orchids, 

bv  innumerable  unsolicited  Testimonials.  Rhododendron  PEAT, 
LEAF-MOULD,  LOAM,  SAND,  SPHAGNUM,  COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE,  CHARCOAL,  &c.,  and  all  kinds  of  Garden  Requisites, 
and  NURSERY  STOCK.    For  Price  List  and  Testimonials, 

EPPS  &  CO.,    E.INGWOOD,    HANTS. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Twu  Pkizk  Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ...   .'is.  per  sack  ;  6  sacks  for  22s.  6d, 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous      ...  4s.  6rf.    ,,        5  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  6rf.    „        5  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ... 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SIL\'F:E  sand,  coarse.  Is.  ed.  per  bush..  14s.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFLA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    Sd:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialite)      Sd.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack ...    6s.  per  bushel. 

CHUBB'S"PEEFECT"FER-'i  In  baj;s. 

TILISER.  the  Best  Food  for  (  . ' ^ 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  (Tins.  71b.  141b.  281b.  561b.  I  cwt. 
Fruits,  Vegetables,  &c.     ...)    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 

CEUSHED  BONES,  best  quality        1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    3/-    5/6     10/6     17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  ed.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBEE  EEFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 
sacks,  Is.  each ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. : 
30  sacks,  25s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.     Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &    CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


St      I  Is. 


CARSON'S   PAINT 

Patronised  bv  Itj.oOO  of  the  Nobilitv.  Gentrv, 
and'Clersv,  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR    WOIIK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames,  &c. 
1  Cwt.,    and    Oil    Mixture,     Free    to   all    Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 
Prices.  Patterns,  and  Testimonials.  Post-free. 

LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL,  B.C. ; 
BACHELOR'S  WALK.  DUBLIN Discount  for  Ccah. 


320 


THE     GJRDENESS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeb  10,  1887. 


NEAV  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— RUSSIA 
MATS  of  all  descriptions,  EAFFIA  FIBRE,  TOBACCO 
RAG  imrt  PAPER,  supplied  to  the  Trade  at  Lower  Prices  than 
any  other  firm  this  season.— MAEENDAZ  and  FISHER.  9  and 
10,  .Tames  Street,  Coveiit  Gr    '       '"  " 


,  W.C. 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider.  Thrip.  Mealy 

Buy.  Caterpillars,  d,c.,  dc. 
PERFECTLY  )   *"  ""^  Hands  and  Skin,  hnt  will  cure 
U«DMlEce    I   H'";""™'" '^'''™''''' """1  »"  Diseases 
nHKniLto&   ;   pniilueed  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  oombinntion  of  ITvdrnr.irlioii  '  )il^,  m  i,1m  -nlnM.'  in 
Water,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  the  P.oots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Cliemists,  Is.  6d.  2b.  6d.  &  in.ei; 

4gaUon7s.6d.  1  pdl.in  l-'s.  lid,  orles,in  Im^.-r 'lUiULtities. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wh.il-il.'!  IIm.iiim-.  \-l'...,  r,,i:i:v,S,.i-FR,  I.',,u-,FU,VCi.  ■ 
C.  E.  (i-«\N  .V  r.,  ,  ;,n.l  fTMinulltli.'  Loiidui]  s.cd  Mer- 
chants   ;illd    -Wlinl, ..■,:..     I';,l..nt    JIlilKlllr    llnUsrS        X  LVf 

YORK— H.ji.KEr.  i:  Su.ss. 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 


77iro>is  (I  fine 
■yn-iii/  '20  ft.,  mid 
tijrl  ZQ  ft.,  ivith 
great  force. 

A  splendid 
substitute  for  the 
Syringe  for  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
25s.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
purposes,  45s. 
Carriage  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

t  APHICIDE 

^ffe  1/6 

,•„■■  \- '   ,         Free 
%>n1     Is.  8d. 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&cREAW  COLOR  SHADING 

ronveiii.iit,   III.  xi-uiv.'  -  i:;,-ily  .■q,|,l„.d-].asts  all  the 

Sumiuri,  firul  i-m  fli.n  I i:Uy  w;i-|jr  ,1  ,,11.    Is,,  piist  1  3. 

For  FLvini;  Bloom  of  -VzaUas,      |_|  ■  ■  ^M_|  ^O  > 
&o.,  and  tor  Cut  Flowers.         H  \J  ^fl  Ctd 

FLORAL  CEIVIENT. 

A  ^eat  boon  \<-  Florists  and  all  lovera  of  Flowers.    Dries 
instantly.     HoLl  in  Ijuttk-s,  Is.  &  23.     Per  post  3d.  extra. 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Preventintr  Vines  Bleeding:  after  I'mmng:, 

Very  effectual  in  preventing  the  flow  of  sap  in  Vines  being 

wasted.     In  bottk s  l.i;  and  2  6.     Per  jxjst,  3d.  extra. 

?™-.,^',::i;;;ij;!;Jr:':^,:::;^^™:';:::  HUGHES' 
TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Most  ettratudl   in  (; nhoueeg.-fur  AnimaU  and  Bed 

Clutliiu);.    Price,  ud,.  Is.  &  2/6.    Per  post  8d.  extra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HU&HES,  "^S^Si^ 

V'pTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  MANOHEgTeB 


pEAT   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 

J-  \'ery  superior,  for  Sale.  Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester. 
Mount  Mascal  Estate,  fir'orth  Cr.iy.  Kent. 

HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticukin-al  Requisite. 

BEN.IAMDf  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (-Son-m-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75a,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.C.,  near  M.nnsion  Hous«  Station.    Dep6t:  Swan  Place, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams—"  Floriculturb.  London."    Established  18.54. 

QUSSEX    and    BEDFSRDSHIRE    SILVER 

kj  SANDS.  Sussei,  Kent,  a«dH,impshire  PEATS.  Sussex 
and  Surrey  Loams.  Rockerv.  Stooa,  &c..  for  Sale  at  moderate  quo- 
tations.— W.  SHORT.  Horticultural  Company.Midhurst.Sussex. 


WASPS ! 

Ask  5  our  C  hem  1  t 
for  thi  INM  <\r 
ANEOLb  DE^ril 
TO  \\  ASPS  s  1  1 
^\  hole  salt  h>E\l 
CLA\  AND  b(i\ 
Farriugdon  Street 
London  E  C  Price 
2s  brf  and  ■!%  brf 


WASPS I 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  18.i9  against  Red  Spider.  Mildew, 
Thrips.  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  a  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  16  oungesaswinterdressingfor  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  io  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  Biany  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes.  Is..  3s.,  aud  10s.  Qd. 

/?J_ISnURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 

VX  wet  ground.  Boxes,  lod.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade, 
Wholes,ile  from  PRICES  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited).  London. 

MARQUEES.— Second-hand,  at  low  prices,  to 
clear  this  season.  A  number  of  Second-hand  small 
.M:ir(|uees.  from  20x13  feet  to  3.5xl7feet.  suitable  for  Clubs. 
Schools,  or  private  use,  in  excellent  condition,  nearly  as  good 
a-s  new.  -A  few  larger  Marquees  also  for  Sale ;  also  CANVAS 
for  Awnings  or  Booth  Covers.    Prices  on  application  to 

BENJAMIN  EDGINGTON  (Limited),  2, Duke  Street,  London 
Bridge,  E.C. 


AFTER      SEASON       SALE. 

■L\.  GARDEN   HOSE. 

WATER  BARROWS. 
PORTABLE  PUMPS. 
GARDEN  ENGINES. 
HOSE  REELS  and  FITTINGS. 
LAWN  FOUNTAINS. 
EXTENSION  LADDERS. 

ENORMOUS     DISCOUNTS. 

To  make  room  for  Winter  Stock  of  Fire  Escapes    and 

Fire  Engines. 
T.  H.  HEATHMAN  and  CO.,  2,  Endell  Street,  Long  Acre, 


Londo; 


,  W.C. 


RUSSIA  MATS  &  RAFFIA 

NF,\V  SEASONS   AKCHANGF,],  .MATS. 

Taganrog,  Petersburg,  and  every  other  description 

of  Russian  Mats. 

I;AF1'IA  (Fi-csh  Arrival). 

■SPECIAL    IJinTATlOys   on   APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135.  COMMERCIAL  STREET.   LONDON.  E 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lewest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,  LONDON,  E. 

THOS.  W.   ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWORKS,   STOURBRIDGE. 


U.  ■.\d.  each  ; 
1U..-U....I    H..|-v\„l.-,    I'lp..^.  itlr.-i    l.'iifi.  4i-.  tin',  each. 

I  I'll  ///!<,.!), i/.rf  Jiuistd Price  /.IS/  oiinpjiKciitwn, 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW,  LONDON,  E.O. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  will  give  Estimates  for  every 
description  of  HORTICUXTURAL  WORK,  free  of  charge,  and 
send  competent  assistants  when  necessary 

LASCELLES'    N^EW    ROCKWORK    material    in    various 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  BunhiU  Bow,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths, and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


POKTABLE     CT7CUMBEB    FBAMES. 

RII  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y     AND      CO.    desire   to 
•     draw  special  attention    to   their    Cut-umber    Frames, 
of    which  they  always  have  a  large  stock,    ready  glazetl  and 
painted.    They  are  made  of  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices  delivered  to  any  station  in  England : —  £  x.  d. 

2-light  frame.    8  feet  by  6  feet  1    p<.^vr.<,    (        3  10    0 
3-lightframe,  12feetby6feet>„"^''f  ^„<        5     5    0 
6-light  frame.  24  feet  by  6  feet  ]  ^^^*  "®^  |      10     0    0 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.    Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

B.     HALLIDAY     &     CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers. 
ROYAL     HORTICULTURAL     WORKS,     MIDDLETON. 

.IHNCIIKSTKK. 

London  Agent,  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 
2,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 


BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
CUCUMBER  FRAMES 

Are  alwav*  in  =;tiiik.  rr.iilv  in  h.-"  '■eiit  off  on  receipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the  best  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a  proper 
manner.  The  FRAMES  are  of  l^-inch  boards,  24  inches  high 
at  back,  and  13  inche-s  high  in  front,  bolted  at  the  comers, 
easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  LIGHTS  are  2  inches 
thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  one  handle  at  the  top,  and 
the  whole  painted  four  coats.  The  glass  is  ENGLISH  21-0?:. 
weight.  PACKED  and  sent  CARRIAGE  PAID  to  any  statioa 
in  England  aud  Wales,  also  to  Dublin,  Belfast.  Londonderry, 
Cork,  Glasgow,  and  stations  equivalent. 

"  "        '  ■    full  when  returned. 


No.  ;o.  -Cucumber  and  Melon  Frame,    ah  size: 

CASH     PRICES, 

INCLUDING  THE  USE  OF  PACKING  CASES. 
Length.     Width. 
2-LIGHT  FRAME  8  feet  by  6  feet  ... 

3  „  , 12  feet  by  6  feet  ... 

4  „  16  feet  by  6  feet  ... 

5  ,,  20  feet  by  6  feet  ... 

6  ,.  24  feet  by  6  feet  ... 

Smaller  frames  are  made.    See  LISTS,  post-frt 

CATALOGUES 


Price. 
£3  5  0 
4  12    6 


of  Greenhouses,  Heatiiii.'  .\i>].:ir,il  i 

variety.  Garden  Implcni >,  \\\,u 

thing  required  for  Gardens  mid  I'h 
alu.lic, 


mien  Frames  in  every 
t-i,  Pumps,  and  every- 
)  Grounds,  post-free  oa 

»ipt  of  particulars. 


ESTIM.VTES  for  Greenhouses  free  c 

LADIKS  nn.l   GENTLEIMEN  waited  upoa  by  appointment 

jiDYiKuton-he  Kingdom. 

NORWICH. 


SlSMEMBEH    10,    1887.] 


THE    GAUDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


321 


'THE   CAMBRICS   OF   ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER   HAVE   A  "WORLB-WIDE   TATa.E."—T/ie  Queen,  He  Ladj/'s  Newspaper. 

ROBINSON    &    CLEAVER'S 


CAMBRIC 


IRISH 

*     HAXDKI 


CAMBRIC 

[IKERCHIEFS.  H.'mmeJ  for 
-Children's.  Is.  2d.;  Ladies'.  2a.  4}d. 
len's.  3S.  6d. :  Hemstitched,  per  dozen— Ladiea',  2S.  ll^d, ; 
eiits'.  4s.  lid.    Send  for  samples,  po3t-fi        ■    "  "    ■ 


POCKET        IRISH     MADE     SHIRTS.— Best  quality  Long-cloth  Bodie 

'.    AH  I'ure  Flax.         *     fold  all  Linen  Fronts  and  Cutfs.  3BS.  6d.  tlie  half-doze 


,  to  Belfast. 


special  Indiana  Gauze,  Printed  Shirtings,  and  unshrinkable  Flannels  for  the  season. 
Price  Lists,  and  fuller  information,  post-free.  Old  SblrtS  made  as  good  as  ne'W, 
niateriaU,  at  a  trifling  cost. 


IRISH    LINEN    COLLARS    AND    CUFFS.- 

*  Collars— Ladies'  ami  Chilrirens  three-foUi.  33.  6d.  per  dozen;  Gentlemen 
four-fold,  48.  lid.  to  53,  lid.  per  dozen.  Cuffs  for  Ladies,  Gentlemen,  an 
Children,  68.  lid.  to  lOs.  9d.  per  dozen. 

"  Their  Irish  Linen  Collars,  Cuffs.  Shirta,  &c..  have  the  merits  of  excellent 
and  cheapness."— Cowrt  Circular.     Send  for  samples,  post-free,  to  Belfast. 

TRISH     DAMASK     TABLE     LINEN.— Fish  Napkin_s,  2s.Gd.  per  dozen.  _    Dinner  Napkins,   4s.Gd. 

*  per  dozen.     Table  Cloths,  2  yards  square,  2s. 


POCKET 


IRISH       LINENS, —  Real    Irish     Linen    Sheeting,     fully 

*  bleached,  2  yards  wide,  la.  Hd.  per  yard  ;  2^  yards  wide,  28.  4.Jd.  per  yard 
(the  most  durable  article  made).  Koller  Towelling.  18  inches  wide,  S^d.  per  yard. 
Surplice  Linen,  7d.  per  yard.  Dusters.  Is.  lO^d.  per  dozen.  Glass  Cloths, 
4S,  4d.  per  dozen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Diapers.  8^d.  per  yard.  Nursery 
Diaper,  5|d.  per  yard.     Send  for  samples,  post-free,  to  Belfast. 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST. 


HANDKERCHIEFS 

By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  tlie  Queen  and 
H.I.  and  R.H.  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany. 


domestic- Water- SugglY 


RIDER'S  PBtent  HOT  AIR 

I  Household  Pumping  engin 

with  patent 


Cost  of 
,  raising 

10  0  0  Gaim® 

80  ft. High  | 

One  PENNY.g 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE  BinLDERS  and  HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  MIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

and  that  1 

Conaervatories  and  Winter  Gardens  designed  architecturally  correct  -without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  finn, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.     Hot-watCF  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilere,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 

in  all  cases.   Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c.,  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 


MODERATE    CHARGES. 


Our  Maxim  is  and  always  has  been— 
FIRST-CLASS    WORK. 


THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 


WHY     PAY    HIGH     PRICES, 

When  you   can   pwchase   a   ihoroughhj    good    and    sound    Champagne  for 


30/-DOZEH.     GEVENCEY.     30/- 


DOZEN. 


SOLE    AGENTS:- 


JOHN  C.   HANDS  &  CO., 
99,  GEESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G., 

OLD-ESTABLISHED    WINE   and  SPIRIT    MERCHANTS  and  AGENTS. 


DAY'S  PATENT  FLOWER  TRAINER. 


To  be  obtained  onlj' from 
W.  DAY  &  SONS,  Ironmongers,  BEDFORD. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  Iths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  15-OZ.  class  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Gla3S  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  <fe  SONS, 

GLASS.  LEAD.  OIL  an.l  CdLOUR  MERCHANTS. 

34,  St.  John  street,  West  Smlthfleld,  London,  E.C. 

stock  List  and  Prices  on  applwatioa.     Quote  Chronicle. 

HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  cost. 

Used  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 
and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.  Has  stood 
the  test  of  forty  years'  trial.  Requires  no  mixing;  can  be 
applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station,  \s,  ^.  per  gallon  in  caakft  of  3lj,  20,  or 
10  gallons. 

n  A   TT'V  TCk  A7 Every  cask  bears  the  above  Kegistered 

"T^^*^^     '^^^^'       Beware    of     cheap 


HILL     &     SMITH, 

Brlerley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 


BECKETT      BROS., 

Horticultural  Engineers,  Chelmsford. 

Apply  for  our 

Special  LIST  of  Cheap  and  Substantial  Buildings, 
POST-FREE. 


322 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeb  10,  1887. 


THOS.    W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  ISONIVORKS,  STOURBRIDGE, 


Made. 


4-iii  Expansion  Joint  Hot-water  Pipea  tteet  long,  4s.  M.  each; 
4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  6d.  each. 
Full  Illustrated  Ueoised  Price  List  on  applicafrjyn. 


STEVEN      BROS     8i   C* 
HOT       WATER        APPARATUS. 


+.  UPPER  THAMES    S''     LONDON  .EC 


HENRY  HOPE, 

Horticultural  Builder  and 
^ _  Hot'icater  Engineer, 

^^^i  ^^^^^^^^   ^^»  LioJiel  St.,  Birmingliam. 

^^^■^^^■i  ;==^^^^srss^sri^r^;^^  Plaos  and  Estimates  on 

___  _    _  application. 

Experienced  Workmen  sent  to  any  part  of  the  Kingdom, 


CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  aJld  packing  free,  and  delivered  to  any  London  Statio) 

100  aquaxea  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 


ai  c 


13J  by    8J  for  lu/-  for  14/- 


10/- 
11/- 
13/- 
17/8 
13/- 
21/- 
24/- 


,  8  by  6, 


14/-  or  300  sqnares  1 

1.5/6  or  250  squares   8^  by  6^, 

19/-  squares,  9|  by  6f,  or  170  squares, 

24/-  9  by  7|,  or  150  squares,  10  by  8, 

20/-  for  IDs.    Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 


tSi. 


Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  ui 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  5(f.  per  pound.    Special  quotatic 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B,     ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND     GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 

14,  Moor  Lane.  Cripplegate,  London,  E.G. 
Eosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 

THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
( KITCHEN  GAKDENS,  as 
they  harbour  no  Slugs  or 
lusects,  take  up  little 
and  once  put  down 
further  labour  or  expense, 
do  "grown"  Edgings,  con 
quendy  being  much  cheaper. 
GAKDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.    KOSHER    AND    CO.,    Manufacturers,    Upper    Ground 
Street,    Blackfriars,    S.E.  j    King's    Eoad,    Chelsea,    S.W.; 

Kingsland  Road,  E.  _ 

Aients    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,   and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :     also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3s.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,  for   Lining  Walls  of  Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  liiidK.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants, 

See  Addresses  above. 


SILVER  SAND, 

fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.    Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

".  Kl 

)rde._, ,„, . 

A  liberal  Diicouut  t«  the  Trade. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES.  —  sticks.    Labels, 
Virgin  Cork,  Raffia,  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Manures.  &c.    Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL.  90.  Lower  Thames  Street.  London.  E.G. 

THE    BEST   REMEDY    FOR    INDIGESTION. 


NORTON'Si 


GAMOMSLE    PILLS. 

Are  confidently  recommended  as  a  simple  but  certain 
remedy  for 

^:UNDIGESTIOM*<^ 

Seo  Testimonial,  selected  £rom  hundreds:— 

CROYDON,  1885. 

"  Having  been  a  sufferer  from  Indi- 
gestion for  many  years,  I  am  happy  to 
say  that  I  have  at  last  not  only  been 
relieved  but  perfectly  cured  by  using 
Norton's  Pills,  and  confidently  recom- 
mend them  to  all  suffering  from  the  same. 
"  J.   WILKINSON." 

For  other  Testimonials,  see  Monthly  Magazines. 
Sold  everywhere,  price  is.  i\d.,  2s.  gd.  and  izs. 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 


E    P    P    S    '    S 

GKATEFUL-COMFOKTINQ. 

COCOA 


MADE    ■BTITH    BOILING    MILK. 


Accidents   at   Home  and   Abroad. 

Railway  Accideut^s.  Emplover's  Liability,  insured  against  by  the 

KAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
COMPANY,  64,  Comhill,  London.  Income,  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,350,000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Oliice,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings,  W.C.  ;  Head 
Office,  64,  Corahill,  London,  E.G. 

WILLIAM  J.  VLAN,  Secretary. 


Price  6d.,  free  by  post  7d.      obtainable  of  all  Booksellers, 

WATER  KUU  NOTHING,     Every  House  its 
own  Water  Supply.      By  SHIRLEY  Hibherd. 
"  An  endless  fountaiu  of  immortal  drink. 
Pouring  unto  us  from  the  heavens'  brink."— KEAT5. 
London  :    E.  W.  ALLEN,  4,  Ave  Jlaria  Lane,  E.G. 


Farms,  Estates,  Residences, 

Any  one  desirous  of  Renting  a  Farm  or  Residence, 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  the 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES'  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weeks  on  stating  the  purpose  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwarding  name  and  address,  and 
six  halfpennv  stamps  for  postage.  aMreaaed" Midland  Counties 
Herald  Oliiee,  Birmingham."  The  Midland  Counties  Herald 
always  contains  large  numbers  of  advertisements  relating  to 
Famis,  Estates,  and  Residences  for  Sale  and  to  be  Let. 


TT  S.— A  Firm  of  LANDSCAPE,  NURSERY, 

U  •  and  HORTICULTURAL  GARDENERS  in  the  U.S. 
REQUIRES  a  Young  MAN  of  experience,  to  take  the  Manage- 
ment of  their  Landscaping  Department,  such  as  the  Engineer- 
inc'  and  Laying-out  of  Parks,  Gardens,  &c.  Married  man 
preferred.— Apply,  in  first  instance,  with  references,  stating 
wages  required,  to  W.,  Box  D60,  P.O.,  Leeds. 

ANTED  AT  ONCE,  a  HEAD  AVORKING 

GARDENER.— Age  about  30;  of  good  character  and 
experience.  No  extras  allowed.  Two  assistants  kept. 
Locality  Gravesend.— Apply,  stating  wages,  qualifications,  &c., 
to  O.  H.  E.,  57,  Oracecliurch  Street.  E.C. 

To  Gardeners. 

WANTED,  an  experienced  GARDENER, 
who  thoroughly  understands  the  .Management  of  Cows ; 
Under  Gardener  kept.  Good  Wages. -S.  N.  O.,  Stafford  Lodge, 
Exeter. 

ANTED,    a    WORKING     GARDENER, 

thoroughly  competent  to  Manage  large  Fruit  and 
Kitchen  Gardens.  Must  be  strong,  active,  industrious,  and 
unmarried  One  accustomed  to  Grow  for  Market  preferred. 
Locality.  North  Devon.-Apply,  stating  age,  wages  required 
and  enclosing  copies  of  testimonials,  to  S.,  Last  CliH. 
Teignmouth.  __^^ ^ 

ANTED,  a  practical  WORKING  GAR- 
DENER. Must  be  thoroughly  well  up  in  Outdoor 
Musliroom  Culture,  Asparagus,  Seakale,  and  Rhubarb  Growing 
fur  .Market,  as  these  products  will  be  under  his  Management. 
-State  fullest  particulars  to  T.  MANWARING,  Fruit  and 
Vegetable  Grower,  "  Cowden,"  Brenchley,  Kent. 


WANTED,  an  experienced  MAN,  to  Grow 
Grapes.  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  and  Plants,  chiefly  for 
Market.  Good  character  essential.— Apply,  stating  full  par- 
ticulars, to  F.  THOMAS,  Wannock,  Polegate,  Sussex. 

WANTED,  by  a  Lady,  in  an  Eastern  Suburb 
of  London,  a  MAN  and  his  WIFE,  without  children, 
the  Man  to  take  charge  of  a  Small  Garden  and  Greenhouse, 
the  Woman  as  Cook.— Apply  in  the  first  instance  to  S., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,Wcllington  Street,  Strand.W.G. 


WANTED,  a  SECOND  SHOPMAN,  for  the 
Wholesale  Trade.  Must  be  experienced.— Apply  by 
letter  onlv,  stating  salary  and  full  particulars,  to  HOW- 
CROFT  AKD  WATKINS,  Hart  Street.  Govent  Garden,  W.C. 

WANTED,  a  smart  active  man,  as  CLERK, 
in  a  Seed  Warehouse.- Address,  stating  age.  salary 
expected,  and  all  particulars  to  SEEDSMAN,  Messrs,  Nutting 
&  Sons,  106,  Southwark  Street,  London,  S.E. 

ANTED,  an    ASSISTANT    CLERK   for 

the  Nursery  Trade  for  a  few  months.— Address,  in 
own  handwriting,  stating  experience,  and  salary  required, 
SURREY.  Steel  &  Jones.  Advertising  Agents,  Spring  Gardens, 
London,  S.W. 


WANT     PLACES. 


POSTAL  OBDERS.—  To  Advertisers.  Subscribers,  and 
Others.— It  is  very  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  Order 
that  it  should  be  filled  in  payable  at  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE, 
to  W.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  ivliose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B  —The  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER.  


NOTICE    TO    ADVERTISERS.— In  many  

Remittances  in  Payment   of   Repeat  Advertisements  ... 
ved  without  name,  address,  or  anything  beyond  the 


postmark  c 


yelope  by  which  to  identify  the  sender;  this 
m  all  cases  causes  a  very  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  fre- 
quently the  sender  cannot  be  identified  at  ail.  _ 
Advertisers  are  requested  when  Remitting  to  give  their 
Names  and  Addresses,  and  also  a  Reference  to  the  Adver- 
tisement which  they  wish  repeated. ^ 

ICH  ARD      SMI  T  H      and      Co7 

beg  to  announce  that    they    are  constantly 
applications  fr 
will  be  able  to 
«tc.— St.  John- 


.  W. 


Gardeners.  Under  Gardeners,  Bailiffs.  &c. 

WM.  CUT13US1I  AND  SUN  have  at  the  pre- 
sent time  on  their  List  MEN  whose  characters  will  bear 
strict  investigation,  and  such  as  from  their  personal  knowledge 
can  recommend  as  to  abilities,  &c.— Ladies  and  Gentlemen  re- 
iuf  eitherof  the  above  can  be  suited  with  reliable,  first-clasa 
by  applying  to  Wm.CutbushSc  Son.  HighgateNursehe^,N. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  reqiulring  Land  Agents, 

STEW-VRDS.  BAILIFFS,  or  GARDENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
sever,al  of  whom  are  personallv  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  238.  High  Holbom.  W.C. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  SUNS,  having  filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOM.MEND  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rale  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  firstrrate  Establishments, 
or  Sini'li^handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged.-JOHN  LAING 
AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

HE      LIVERPOOL      HURTICULTURAL 

GO.  (.Tohn  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  M,VN,  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  EOod  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Larga 
Establishments.  ^ 

G-<  ARDENER  (Hkad).—  Age  27,  married  ; 
IT  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches  of  the  profession. 
Can  be  highly  recommended.— .M.  SLM.MONS,  Rutfett  Cottages, 
Chipstead.  Redhill.  Surrey.         

GARDENER  (Head);  age  29,  married.— A 
titled  Lady  can  with  every  confidence  recommend  her 
late  Foreman  as  above.  Fifteen  years'  experience.— G.  E., 
26.  Elgin  Terrace,  Maida  Vale.  W.    ^ 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  27,  married  when 
suited  —  W.  Joa-\STONE,  Bayham  Abbey  Qardena, 
Lamberhnrst,  Kent,  can  highly  recommend  his  Forenian  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  practical  Gardener. 
Wages  expected,  about  £65.  with  house.  &c.        ^^ 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  27,  married.— 
Jas.  Harvey,  Gardener  to  Jas.  Watson,  Esq.,  Mysteyns, 
Ticehurst,  Sussex,  can  with  every  confidence  recommend  his 
Foreman,  Charles  Gregory,  as  a  thoroughly  reliable  man,  and 
well  versed  in  the  profession ;  industrious  and  painstaking, 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  27,— G,  Merbitt, 

Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Dacre.  Kimptoa  Hoo, 
Welwyn,  Herts,  desires  to  recommend  his  Foreman,  James 
Anderson.  ThorouglUy  practical  in  aU  branches.  Testimonials 
of  the  highest  order. 


September  10,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


323 


GARDENER  (Head).— Age  20  ;  thorough 
practical  knowledge  of  Fruit  and  Plant  Culture  under 
Olas-*.  and  all  Outdoor  Work.  Character  will  bear  strict 
inrestipvtion.  Good  references.  —  JOS.  RICHARDSON, 
Ho\vden-le-\Vcar.  I'ld  Darlington.  

ARDENER  (Head)  ;  married,  but  no 
family. — Mrs.  BuoO-ME,  of  Elmhurst,  Batheaston,  Bath, 
wishes  to  recommend  as  Head  Gardener  a  thoroughly  prac- 
tical energetic  man.  He  was  twenty-two  years  in  the  service 
of  the  late  Mr.  Broome,  the  well-knowu  botanist. — -Address  as 
above. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Thoroughly  qualified 

in  all  Horticultural  Branches.  Testimonials  of  the 
highest  order  from  leading  private,  exhibiting,  and  public 
establishments.  No  objectiou  to  Ireland.— Full  particulars 
gladly  furnished  on  application  to  PHILLIPS,  137,  Victoria 
Road.  Aldershot,   Hajits. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  two 
or  three  are  kept.— Age  42,  no  family ;  thoroughly  prac- 
tical. Fifteen  years  in  lust  place.  Highest  references.— 
W.  D.  ROWE,  Eastcott,  Pinner. 

ARDENER    (Head    AVobkinq).— Age    38, 

married,  no  family  ;  thoroughly  practical  in  all 
branches.  Two  and  half  vears'  good  character,  three  years' 
previously.  —  LANSON,  Effingham  Park,  Crawley  Down, 
Sussex. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Age  28, 
single;  ten  years' experience  in  the  Growing  of  Fruit, 
Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Ctin  be  well  recommended  as  to 
character  and  ability.— T.  STACK.  Treberfydd,  Bwlch  R.S.O., 
Breconshire. 

ARDENER  (Head  Working).  ■—  Age  36, 

married ;  abstainer.  Twenty-one  years'  experience  in 
the  Cultivation  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Nectarines,  Melons,  Cucum- 
bers, Tomatos,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants.  Ferns,  Orchids, 
Roses,  Chrysanthemums,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening,  Early 
and  Late  Forcing.  Unexceptional  references  for  abilities  and 
character.— WICKSON.  Long  Ditton  Hill,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Middle- 
aged,  Married,  no  family;  thoroughly  experienced  in 
Growing  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos, 
Stove  and  Greenliouse  Plants,  Ferns,  Orchids,  Flowers,  Fruit, 
and  Vegetables.  Land  Stock  if  required.  Can  be  highly 
recommended.— T.  W.,  the  Gardens,  Avenue  House,  Church 
End,  Finchley,  N. 

ARDENER     (Head    Working).  —  J.     C. 

Cowley,  Gardener  to  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq  ,  Studley  House. 
Shepherd's  Bush,  will  be  plea.sed  to  recommend  his  Foreman, 
Tliomaa  Stevens,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a  prac- 
tical Gardener.  Has  had  great  experience  with  Orchids,  Stove 
and  Greenlionse  Plants,  and  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden  Work. 
Three  years'  good  character.— T.  STE\'EN'S,  Studley  House, 
Shepherd's  Bush,  W. 

ARDENER    (Head     AVorking,    or    good 

Single-handed). — Twenty-six  years'  experience.  Good 
references.— MORWOOD,  Clayton  Heights,  Bradford,  Yorks. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working,  or  good 
Single-handed). — Single;  experienced  in  both  Flower 
and  Kitchen  Gardening.  Good  character.  Total  abstainer. 
Disengaged.— H.  TOMS.  F.  Pelham,  Buntingford,  Herts. 

GARDENER  (Head  AA'orking,  or  good 
Single-handed).—  Good  Grape  Grower.  Competent,  all 
branches.  Thorougnly  interested  in  his  work.  Recommended 
as  to  capabilities. — Thirteen  years' character;  married,  43,  no 
family.— K.,  High  Street,  Stourport. 

GARDENER  (Head,  where  two  or  three  are 
kept;  no  objection  to  good  Single-handed);  age  31, 
married,  three  children. — Mr.  JacksoN,  Gardener  to  J.  Lee-'5, 
Esq.,  Berry  Hill,  Mansfield,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  his 
Foreman,  .T.  Thomas,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  a 
practical  Gardener.  Nine  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer. 

GARDENER,  where  one  or  two  others  are 
kept. — Age  25,  married  ;  thoroughly  understands  Plant 
Growing  and  Forcing.  Twelve  years'  experience.  Good  char- 
acter.—G.  P.,  Wolverhampton  House,  near  Reading. 

GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him;  age  36,  married,  four  children.— A  Gentleman 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes.  Melons,  Peaches,  &o.— CHARLES  CAPLING,  Bed- 
hampton  Hill,  Havant. 

GARDENER      (Single-handed,    or    where 
help  is  given).— Age  26,  married  when  suited  ;  thoroughly 
experienced.— W.  B.,  Star  and  Garter  Farm,  Petersham,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed,  or  otherwise). 
—  Age  38.  married  ;  experienced  in  all  branches. 
Could  Grow  for  Market.  Good  character.  Near  London.— W., 
3,  Kilburn  Park  Road,  Kilburn.  N.W. 

ARDENER     (Single-handed).— Age    24 ; 

nine  years'  experience  under  Glass  ;  three  years  in  present 
situation.  Excellent  references.— J.  PICKERING,  Sunder- 
landwick,  Driffield,  Yorkshire. 

(^  ARDENER     (Single-handed,     or     Help 

V!X  given).  — Total  abstainer.  Understands  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Garden,  Peaches,  Vines,  Melons,  Cucumbers. 
Leaving  in  consequence  of  people  going  away.  Highest  recom- 
mendation. Wages,  £1  and  cottage.— MORLEY,  Red  House, 
Newdegate,  Dorking. 

ARDENER    (Second),    in   the     Houses.— 

Young;  ten  years'  experience.  Erection  of  Rockwork 
for  Ferneries,  Waterfalls,  &c.,  a  specialty.  Excellent  testi- 
monials.- H.  GOULD,  Twelfth  Avenue,  New  Wortiey,  Leeds, 
Yorkshire. 


GARDENER  (Second),  Indoors,  in  large 
establisliment,  orFlKSTina  small.— Age  24  ;  ten  years' 
experience  and  references.  Permanent  place  preferred.— 
Address,  with  full  particulars,  to  W.  K.,  13,  South  Stret-t, 
Hatborne,  Birmingham. 

ARDENER      (Under).— Age     21   ;     three 
vears'  chara<.-ter.    Abstainer.    Can  milk.— J.   UGLOW, 
7,  Bellamy  Street.  Balham,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  22;  experienced, 
Inside  and  Out.  Two  years  in  present  situation.  Ex- 
cellent character.  Total  abstainer.  —  A.  HAWKES,  The 
Gardens,  Gosfield  Hall,  Halstead,  Essex. 

ARDENER   (Under).  —  Age    19,    steady ; 

understands  Glass  and  General  Work. — Apply,  stating 
wages,  to  Lady  JIARY  EGERTON,  Moimtfield  Court,  Roberts- 
bridge,  Sussex. 

ARDENER  (Under),  Inside  and  Out.— Age 

21  ;  seven  years'  experience.  Good  character  from  pre- 
sent employer. — j.  L.,  112,  Harrogate  Eoad,  Chapelallerton, 
Leeds. 

p  ARDENER  (Under,  or  WORKING  FORE- 

\I^  MAN).— Aged  27,  single:  good  character  from  Last  and 
previous  employer.— F.  COl'ZENS.  Pew  Hill,  Chippenham, 
Wilts^ 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.— Age  27  ;  four  years  in  present  situation.    Good 
character.— W.  HAWKER,  49,  North  Koad,  Highgate,  N. 

FOREMAN,    in  a    private     establishment. — 
Has  had  first-class  experience  in  large  establishments. 
—.7.  W.  WAPLEY,  Chipping  Sodbury,  Gloucestershire. 

FOREMAN,  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  27 ; 
twelve  years'  practical  experience  in  Orchids,  Fruit, 
Plants,  Vegetables.  Good  references.  Bothy  preferred.- 
E.  GRAY.  St.  Mary's  Eoad,  Eeigate. 

To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN   (Working).— Age  26;   well   up 
in  Roses,  Fruits,  and  General  Nursery  Work.— NASH, 
Mr.  Dixon,  Lee's  Nursery,  Feltham. 

FOREMAN  (General),  in  a  private  estab- 
lishment.— Four  and  a  half  years'  Orchid  Foreman  at 
Downside.  First-class  reference  for  general  Gardening. — F. 
WHITE,  Downside  Gardens,  Leatherhead. 

FOREMAN  (General,  or  Departmental), 
in  a  good  establishment.— Ag«  29;  thirteen  years'  expe- 
rience. Thoroughly  capable.  Highly-recommended  from  pre- 
sent and  previous  employers.— W.  K.,  78,  Loto  Road,  Chelsea, 
London,  S.W. 


To  Market  Growers,  &c. 

FOREMAN  GROWER  of  Fruit,  Cucumbers, 
Tomatos.  Flowers,  &c.— Age  39,  married  ;  competent. 
Highly  recommended.- J.  W.,  Steel  &  Co.,  Exotic  Nursery, 
Chigwell,  Essex. 


To  Nurseiymeii. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  of  Hard  and 
Soft-wooded   Plants.— Aire  24;    good  references. — State 
particulars  to  JOSEPH  HOLMFS,  U,  Grove  Street,  Derby. 

To  Nurserymen. 

PROPAGATOR  and  GROWER  (Indoors). 
—Age  2.T  ;  ten  years'  experience  in  tirst-class  establish- 
ments. Good  references.- J.  Wl-NSER,  6,  Montague  Koad, 
Swanley  Junction.  Kent. 

PROPAGATOR  (Second).— Age  20 ;  well  up 
in  Coniferas  Clematis,  Roses,  &c.  Four  and  a  half  years' 
reference  from  old  estalished  litm.  — BRIQGS,  Courtlands. 
Landroch  Road,  Tunbridge  Wells.  

PROPAGATOR  (Assistant),  Indoor. —  Ex- 
perienced in  the  Cultivation  of  Stove  and  Greenhouse 
Plants,  and  Cut  Flowers.  Seven  vears  with  present  employer. 
—J.  HUNTER,  Clark  Bros.  &  Co..  Nurserymen,  Carlisle. 

TOURNEYMAN,    or    PALM    GROWER.— 

tJ      German.  21,  First-class  references.     Good  character.— 
B.  W.,  1,  Cromwell  Villas,  Cromwell  Eoad.  Upton,  Essex. 

JOURNEYMAN,    Inside    or    Out.— Age  19; 

tj    five  years'  experience.     Can  be  Tvell  recommended. — S.  G., 
81.  Phillip  Street,  Birihopsfield,  Cli ester. 


JOURNEYMAN,  Inside  or  Out;  age  22.— A. 
Elder,  Gardener,  HifihfieUl.  Gainsborough,  can  recom- 
mend a  young  man  accustomed  to  Herbaceous  and  Alpine 
Plants.  ^ 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21  ; 
three  years  in  present  situaation.  Good  recommenda- 
tion. Bothy  preferred.— S.  H.  SNELL,  The  Daisou,  St.  Mary 
Church.  Torquay. 

JOURNEYMAN,    in  the   Houses.- Age  21 
five  years'  experience  in  Growing  Fruit  and  Plants  for 
Market  and  Exliibition.    Capable  of  taking  entire  Charge  of 
Houses.      Excellent  references.— J.   H.,    25,    Church    Street, 
Twickenham,  Middlesex. 

JOURNEYMAN  (AVoreing),  —  Energetic  ; 
fifteen  years'  experience  in  Propagating  and  Growing. 
Also  Wreaths,  Sales.  &c.  State  Wages  and  particulars.- M., 
9,  Grove  Place,  Acton.  W. 

To  NuTserynien  and  Others. 

ASSISTANT.— Age  26  ;  German.  Good  Pro- 
pagator and  Grower  of  Hard  and  Sottrwooded  Plants, 
Ferns,  &c.  Experienced  in  all  branches.- A.  R..  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


IMPROVER,  in   a  good  establishment. — Age 
21 ;    Premium  given.    Good  character.— H.  WOOD,  The 
Gardens,  Withington  Rectory,  Shrewsbury. 


IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  18  ;  strong 
and  active.    Good  references.- E.  D.,  Healaugh  Grange, 
Tadcaster,  Yorkshire. 


To  Nurserjrmen. 
TMPROVER,  in  the   Houses.- Age   19;    five 

A  years'  experience.  Three  years  in  last  situation.  Good 
character.— W.  SMITH,  2,  Rose  Cottages,  Oakfield  Road,  Ore, 
Hastings,  Sussex. 


IMPROVER;  willing  to  pay  Premium. — Rev. 
T.  E.  Jameson,  East  Claydou  A'^icarage,  Bucks,  can 
recommend  a  Lad  (age  16)  where  he  ^vould  get  a  good  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  Greenhouse  Work.  Gentleman's  Garden 
preferred.     Strong,  active,  and  trustworthy. 


TO  NURSERYMEN.— Situation  wanted  in  a 
Market  Nursery  by  a  young  man  (age  25),  accustomed  to 
Growing  Ferns.  Stove  Stuff,  &c.— H.,  Hextable  House,  Swanley 
Junction,  Kent. 


q^O     NURSERYMEN     and     MARKET 

X  GROWERS.— Wanted,  by  a  young  man  (age  21)  an  en- 
gagement  Experienced  in  Sott-wooded  Propagation,  Potting, 
&c.  Industrious  and  sober.  Can  be  well  recommended. — A., 
41,  King  Street,  Maidenhead,  Berks. 


'^pO  FLORISTS.— Young  Man  seeks  situation 

JL     in  Nursery;  nine  years'  experience;   Fruit,  Ferns,  and 
General  Market  Stuff.— J.  G.  G.,  24,  Turner  Road,  Lee. 


And 


0  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation  in 

a  Nursery;  well  up  in  Roses  and  General  Work. — W.  W., 
ews'  Library,  Epsom. 


NURSERY  TRADE.— Advertiser,  who  has 
had  several  years'  experience  both  in  Office  and  Outdoor 
routine  (with  a  knowledge  of  the  Seed  Business),  seeks  a  re- 
engagement.  Can  furnish  first-class  references,  showing  ability, 
sobriety,  industry,  and  trustworthiness.  Is  very  active  and 
methodical.  Age  26.— W.  M.,  19,  Winslade  Road,  Upper 
Clapton,  London,  E. 


CHOPMAN   (Head),  or  MANAGER.— Com- 

O  fort£lble  berth  required.  Well  up  in  all  branches. 
Excellent  references.  First-class  thirteen  years'  experience. — 
FRUCTUS.  Hillside,  Canterbury  Grove,  West  Norwood. 


SHOPMAN  (Head),  or  MANAGER.— Age 
39,  married ;  respectable.  Thoroughly  conversant  with 
the  Seed,  Bulb,  and  Plant  Trade.  Also  good  General  Corre- 
spondent.— THEA,  Hurst  &  Son,  Houndsditch.  London,  E. 

Market  Gardeners. 

SALESMAN   and   JIANAGER.  — Ten   years' 
experience.    Good  references  and  security  if  required. — 
SALE,  ■*  Coach  and  Horses."  London  lioad,  Isleworth. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN. — Age  'id ;    ten  years'  experience 
iu  every  department.— H..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office, 
41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C.  


SHOPMAN. — Age  22 ;  nine  years'  first-class 
practical  experience.  Good  knowledge  of  Bulbs  and  Sun- 
dries.— A.  B.,  Laburnum  Cottage,  Bartou-uuder-Neeedwood, 
Burtou-ou-Trent. 


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN. — Age  25  ;  nine  years'  experience. 
Good  practical  knowledge  in  all  branches.  First-class 
references.— F.  A.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C.  


Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN.— Age  29 ;  well  up  in  all  depart- 
ments, including  Florist  Work  and  Sundries.     Fifteen 
years'  experience.— W.  STONE,  Market  Square,  Retford. 

SHOPMAN,   or  ASSISTANT.— Age   21 ;  five 
years'  experience.    Good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  Seed 
Trade.    Good  references.— JNO.  HARDING,  St.  Neols,  Hunts. 

HOPMAN   (Assistant).— Age  21;    Scotch. 

Four  years'  experience.    Retail  Trade.— J.  S.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

CHOPMAN,    WAREHOUSEMAN,   SEEDS- 

iO  MAN.— Age  26;  eight  and  a  half  years' experience.  Has 
a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  trade.— R.  B.,  101,  Walton  Breck 
Road,  Liverpool. 


TO  THE  NURSERY  and  SEED  TRADE.— 
YouuE  Man,  age  26 ;  used  to  Selling ;  good  experience  in 
Nursery  Work.      CSn    Solicit  Orders.-F.   W.,   12,  Wharton 

Street.  W.C. ^ 

Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 
OOK-KEEPER.  —  Thoroughly  experienced. 


B 


..rst-class     references.- H.    H.,    Gardeners 

Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


HOLLO  WAY'S  PILLS.  — Depression  of 
Spirits.  Debility.— Some  defect  in  digestion  is  generally 
the  cause  of  mental  depression.  On  rectifying  the  disordered 
stomach  the  long  list  of  gloomy  thoughts  retires,  and  is  suc- 
ceeded by  more  hopeful  aud  more  happy  feelings.  Holloway  s 
Pills  have  been  renowned  far  and  wide  for  effecting  this  ae- 
sirable  change  without  inconveniencing  the  morbidly  sensitive 
or  most  delicate  organism.  They  remove  all  obstructions, 
reculate  all  secretions,  and  correct  depraved  humours  by  puri- 
fvins  the  blood  and  invigorating  the  stomach.  Their  medicinal 
virtues  reach  relieve,  and  stimulate  every  organ  and  gland  in 
the  body,  whereby  the  entire  systein  is  renovated  No  medicine 
ever  before  discovered  acts  so  beneficially  upon  the  blood  and 
circulation  as  Holloway's  celebrated  Pills. 


324 


THE    GAUDENEHS'     GHIfONICLE. 


[Septembeb  10,  1887. 


t^i.rfcen  First  Prizes. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "The  Editor;"  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher," at  the  Office,  41,  WeUington  Street,  Covent  Garden,  London,  W.C. 
Printed  by  WluilM  Richards,  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  Bradbukt,  Aqnew  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  ot  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  pubUshed  by  the 
i  WlUJiM  B1CHABD8,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Oardejj,  in  the  said  County SATURDAY,  September  10,  1887.    Agent  for  Manchester— JoHK  HetwoOB. 


Established  i84i 


No.  38.— Vol.  II.  {i^^^^}  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  17,  1887. 


/Rcgt.  as  a  Newspaper.fPRICE     3cl. 
\WITH     SUPPLEMENT.\    POST-FREE,   3Jd. 


CONTENTS. 


Acineta  Barkeri  ' 

Agapanthus  umbetlatua  . 
Agriculture,    pre\'entible 

Amaryllis,  the     ... 

Auricula,  the      

Botanical  Magazine 
Bouquet,  Boyal  Saxon  ... 
British  Association 
Dendrobium  Farmeri     ... 
Ferns,  our  native 

„    apospory     

Forestry    

Fruita  under  glass 
Glass  structures,  heating 

of 

Grape    judging    at    the 

Crystal  Palace 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  . 

,,     plantd,  massing  for 

effect      

Hop-plant  louse 

Jasminum  Sambac 
Lffilia  elegans  incantana . 

„     monophylla 

Lindenia 

Maadevalliahieroglj-phica 
Month  at  the  Cape,  a  ... 
Mushroom  growing  in  a 

railway  tunnel 
Obituary 


Oncidium  Lanceanum  ... 
Orchid-house,  the 

Pansiea      

Parcel  Post,  the 

Phylloxera  on  the  Oak  ... 
Piuguicula  caudata  and 

P.  Bakeri  

Plants    and    their     cul- 

.,      Spanish     and     Ba- 

Pleurothallis    trilmloides 
Saxifraga    cuscutiformia 
Societies  : — 
Bath  Floral  F6te 
Glasgow  and  West  of 
Scotland      Horticul- 
tural     

National     Chrysanthe- 

Paisley 

Royal  Horticultural  ... 
Streptocarpus  Reiii 
Tecoma  Mackenii 
Venidium  fugax 

.,     hirsutum     

Veronica         cupressoides 

and  V.  salicornioides ... 
Weather  and  itseffect  on 

the  crops  

Weather,  the       


Illustrations. 

Dendrobium  Farmeri       333 

PhyUoiera  on  Oak  340 

Royal  Saxon  Bouquet.    (See  Supplement.) 

Saxifraga  cuscutiformis 337 


Now  ready,  In  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series.  JAN.  to  JUNE.  1887. 
W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.— All  Numbers 
of  the  "  Gardeners'  Chronicle  ^^  from  January  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 


BROMLEY  DISTRICT  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUM SOCIETY'S  ANNUAL  SHOW  will  be  held  at 
the  Drill  Hall,  Bromley,  Kent,  on  NO\TEMBER  9  and  10. 
Schedules  of  Prizes,  Sec,  to  be  obtained  of 

Sunnyside.  Bickley.  Kent.  '■  SHARLAND,  Secretary. 


DEVIZES  CHRYSANTHEMUM  SHOW 
will  be  held  in  the  Corn  Exchange.  Devizes,  on  TUES- 
DAY, November  15.  For  24  blooms  of  Incurved  Chrysanthe- 
mums— lat  Prize,  a  Gold  Jubilee  Cup,  value  10  guineas;  2nd 
Prize,  a  Silver  Jubilee  Cup,  value  5  guineas;  3rd  Prize,  60s. 
For  12bloom3  of  Japanese — Ist  Prize,  a  Silver  Jubilee  Cup,  value 
5  guineas  ;  2nd  Prize.  40s. ;  3rd  Prize,  25s.  Twenty-five  other 
Prizes  for  Plants  and  Blooms  of  Chrysanthemums.  All  classes 
Open.  The  Challenge  Cup  to  the  exhibitor  gaining  the  greatest 
number  of  points.  For  Schedules  and  all  particulars,  apply  to 
THOS.  KING,  Devizes  Castle. 


>OINSETTIAS   for   SALE.— 130  well-grown 

Plants. — Apply  to 

J.  HARRIS,  The  Gardens.  Ingatestone,  Essex. 


BOUVARDIAS,  fine  bushy  plants,  30s. 
per  100;  CYCLAMENS,  good,  in  48's,  30s.  per  100; 
GARDENIAS,  strong  plants.  30s.  per  100;  Tree  CARNA- 
TIONS, best  sorts,  30s.  per  lOO— good  planta. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 


CARNATION,  "PAUL  ENGLEHEART."— 
New  Crimson  Clove,  perfectly  hardy,  free  flowering,  f.ne 
rich  colour,  remarkably  fragrant,  requires  no  sticks.  See 
Garden,  July  31,  1886  ;  August  13,  1887.  Gilbert  Davidson. 
having  acquired  from  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Engleheart  the  entire 
stock  of  this  tine  and  useful  border  Carnation,  is  prepared  to 
Book  Orders  at  once.  The  stock  being  limited,  early  Orders  are 
requested.  Plants  will  be  sent  out  as  soon  as  ready,  in  strict 
rotation,  at  2s.  6rf.  each,  24s.  per  dozen. 

GILBERT    DAVIDSON.    Wernoleu,    Ammanford,    R.S.O., 
Carmarthenshire,  S.  Wales. 


New  Hyacinth  for  1887. 

WE.         GLADSTONE. 
•  A  Superb  Variety. 

Deep  dark  red.  large  petals,  and  splendid  truss. 
First-class  Certificates  Royal  Horticultural  Society  and  Royal 
Botanic  Society. 
Ss.  6rf.     each,     post-free. 
OAKSHOTT  AND  MLLLAUD'S  HYACINTHS  are  the  finest 
of  the  year.  LIST  gratis. 

OAKSHOTT     AND     MILLARD,     Direct    Bulb    Importers, 
Reading. 


TREE  FERNS,  ALSOPHILA  AUSTKALIS. 
—Fine  Plants,  in  tubs,  with  2J  to  4  feet  stems,  to  offer  at 
moderate  prices. 

EDWARD  SANG  AND  SONS.  Nurserymen,  Kirkcaldy. 


Camellias,  Azaleas.  Bhododendrons.  Palms,  Orchldv. 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nubseryman. 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent.  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars.  London,  E.C. 


A  Few  Large  Healtliy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamaerops  excelsa,  and  Phoenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY.— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.     Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.     Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jr..  Breslau,  Germany. 


GARDENIA    PLANTS.— Very  bushy,  good 
coloar,  showing  flower-bud,  and  absolutely  clean,  in 
5  and  6-inch  pots.  2ls.  to  30s.  per  dozen. 

JOHN  STANDISH  AKD  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 


LAING'S  BULBS.  —  White  Roman  HYA- 
CINTHS, fine  large  roots,  14s.  per  100 :  eitra  large  picked 
roots,  16s.  per  100.  Paper  White  and  Double  Roman  NARCIS- 
SUS, 9s.  per  100.  Our  FLOWER  ROOTS  are  unusually  large 
and  well  ripened  this  season.    Prices  low.    All  carriage  free. 

CATALOGUES  Gratis  and  Post-tree. 
JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  Bulb  Merchants,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


OBURVENICH-DE  WINNE,  Gentbrugge, 
•  near  Ghent,  Belgium,  offers:  —  35,000  well-budded 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  from  JO  —  60  buds ;  20,000  AZALEA 
INDICA,  of  superior  growth,    and  for  English  use;    PALMS, 


To  those  about  to  Plant  Roses,  &c. 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant, 
will  be  happy  to  forward,  gratiaand  post-free,  their  Priced 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  choicest  new  and  old  varieties. 


pARNATION  "  MRS.  REYNOLDS  HOLE." 

Vy    — A  sterling  novelty.    See  Large  Advertisement  in  issue 

of  Sept.  10,  1887.     CATALOGUES  on  application. 

JAMES  DICKSON  AND  SONS,  "Newton"  Nurseries,  Chester. 


STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  phints  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free,  3d.—W.  LOVEL  and  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield. 

To  the  Trade. 
Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  hare  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

OR    SALE,  or   EXCHANGE,   Five  Large 

Plants  (in  splendid  health)  of  PHCENIX  DACTYLIFERA 
and  LATANIA  BORBONICA.    For  particulars  apply  to 
GARDENER.  Eden  Hall,  Langwathby,  Cumberland. 

ESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 

Ndbsebvmen,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 

Market,    Covent    Garden.    W.C,    are    open    to    RECEIVE 

CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 

for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 

Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SLDCUP." 


BUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

V^    containing  accurate  descriptions  and  illustrations  of  the 
leading  kinds  of  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  and  Tulips,  together 
with  complete  Cultural  Instructions,  Gratis  and  post-free  to 
int^ndiug  purchasers. 
SUTTON  and  sons.  The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  READING. 

UDDENBORG   BROTS.,    Bulb  Growers, 

Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland,  beg  to  offer  CHIONO- 
DOXA  LUCCLIiE  (Glory  of  the  Snow),  strong  home-grown 
Bulbs,  true  to  name,  40s.  per  1000. 

General  Trade  CATALOGUE  Free  on  application. 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unu-sually  well  grown  stock 
of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties),  EPACRIS,  SOLA- 
NUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMENS,  BOUVARDIAS,  ADIAN- 
TU.M  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDENIAS,  STE- 
PHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  CROTONS,  GREVILLEAS, 
VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade  CATA- 
LOGUES forwarded  on  application. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.E. 


TTOR    SALE,  very  cheap,   about   800  strong 

Jj      Plants  of    "MISS  JOLIFFE"  CARNATIONS,   also  60 
AZALEAS,  good  varieties. 

J.  SADDINGTON,  Nurseryman,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

INEST      LILY      OF      THE      VALLEY 

CROWNS    for  Early  Forcing,   by    Gustav  A.   Schultz, 
Berlin.     For  price  write  to 

JACOB  AND  VALENTIN,  56.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

INTER-FLOWERING  HEATHS,  HYE- 

MALIS  and  Others.  Good  Plants,  showing  well  for 
flower — cannot  be  surpassed — in  6  and  6-inch  pots,  15s.  to  24s. 
per  dozen. 

JOHN  STANDISH  and  CO..  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 

Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Crocus,  Lilies,  &c. 

CG.    VAN    TUBERGEN,  Jun.,   Haarlem, 
•     Holland.— Wholesale  CATALOGUE   now    ready,  and 
may  be  had  free  on  application  to 

Messrs.   R.    SILBERRAD  AND    SON,  26,  Savage  Gardens, 
Crutched  Friars.  London,  E.C. 

PALM  SEEDS.  —  Fresh  Seeds  of  Kentia 
Belmoreana,  Canterburyana  Forsteriana,  Areca  Baueri 
and  lutescens,  just  to  hand.  Lowest  quotations.  Samples 
free  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jun.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

Fems-Fems— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dvson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS,"    LONDON. 

FECIAL    OFFER  to  the  English  Trade   of 

100,000  INDIAN  AZALEAS,  from  50s..  70s..  SOs..  100s.. 
120s.,  to  200s.  per  100. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  GHENT  AZALEAS,  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, CAMELLIAS,  FERNS,  PALMS,  for  Table  and  Gen- 
eral Decoration.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA,  SPIILEAS. 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  and  various  other  Plants  for  forcing, 
ery  moderate  charges. 


PRIDE  OF  PENSHURST  CARNATION.— 
The  best  pure  yellow  self  ever  introduced.  Aa  a  Border 
variety,  for  hardiness  and  free  flowering  it  is  unequalled. 
Awarded  First-class  Certificates  at  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
Royal  Botanic  Society,  and  wherever  shown.  The  most  profit- 
able of  all  to  growers  of  cut  bloom  for  market. 

Eitra    strong    well-rooted    layers    of    this    lovely    variety, 
carriage  paid,  at  7s.  <od.  per  dozen.     Sample  pair,  post-free,  for 
18  penny  stamps.     Price  to  Trade  on  application.     Address 
F.  WEBBER,  Quarry  Hill  Nursery,  Tonbridgf,  Kent. 

Important  Notice. 

To  Florists,  Seedsmen.  Horticultural  Builders,  &c. 
Plants.  Flowf.rs.  Fruits  and  Vegetables  a  Specialty. 

WM.    J.    WELCH    begs   to    call    particular 
attention  to  his  productions  for 
ELLUSTKATING     BOOKS.     MAGAZENES,     CATALOaUES, 
and  for  ADVERTISING    PURPOSES. 
For  Specimens  see  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  1883  to  1886. 
Address  :— 25,   Wellington    Street,   Strand,  London,   W.C. 


326 


THE     GAlWENEliS'     CUB  ON  I  CLE. 


[September  IT,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Thursday  Next  .-(Sale  No.  7487.) 

The  COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS  foiined  by  Dr.  'Ward, 
of  Southampton. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions 
from  Dr.  Ward,  of  Southampton,  who.  on  account  of  ill- 
health,  is  giving  up  the  growing  of  Ordiids,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden, 
W-C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  22,  at  half-past  12 
o'clock  precisely,  without  the  lea^t  reserve,  his  entire  COL- 
LECriON  of  ORCHIDS,  which  he  has  been  forminf^  during 
the  last  fifty  years,  including,  among  other  fine  thing- 


Cattleya  labiata,  true  autumn 

Lielia  Dayana  alba 

Howe  ring 

Cymbidium  elegans 

Odontoglossum  nffivium  i 

oajus 

Cypripedium  Sedeni,  8  spikea 

Cypripediura  purpuratur 

Lffiha  superbiens 

,,    Harrisianum 

Epidendrum  prismatocarpum, 

Lcelia  anceps  alba 

7  leads 

Cypripediumbarbatum  grandi- 

Cattleya  Dowiana 

flora 

,,    speciosissima 

,,     Percivaliana 

,,    Backhouseiana 
Odnntoglossum        citrosmura 

roseum 

Odontoglossum  cirrosum 

Deudrochilum  glumacenm 

„    Rossii  mains 

Coelogvne  cristata  Lemoniana 

,.    gloriosum 

„    cornigata 

,,    triumphans 

,,     flaccida 

Oncidium  Forbesii 

Masdevallia    Tovarensi  ^ 

1:^0 

„    Marshalli 

leaves 

„     incurvum 

„    Harryana,  L50  leavf 

s 

„    planilabrnm  (rare) 

„     „     Dennisoninna 

Odontoglossum       Alexandrte, 

„    ,,    BuUVblood- 

tinevars. 

„    Veitchii 

J^    AndersoiJiantinx 

„    Davisii 

Scuticaria  Hadwenii,  70  leaves 

„    ignea,    70    leaves, 

fine 

Vanda  suavis 

Trichopilia  crispa  marginata 

Vanda  suavis  (Rollisson's 

var.) 

Odontoglossum        pulchellum 
grandiflorum 

„    Tricolor  and  V.  coerulea 

Aerides  Fieldingii 

Dendrobium  uobile  pendulum 

Thun 

nt,  Ca 

anthes,  &c. 

Onviewmorniiij. 

of  Sa 

e.  and  Catalogues  had. 

Bulbs— Bulbs— Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  hU  Great  Kooms.  38,  KingStreet.CoveDt  Garden,  W.C, 
every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  First-class 
BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morninCT  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Every  Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday. 

DUTCH     BULbS.  —  GREAT     UNRESERVED     SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  6».  Cheapside,  London,  E.C..  every  MONDAY.  THURS- 
DAY, and  SATURDAY,  at  half-past  U  o'clock  precisely, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACLNTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quality,  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  ami  Catalogues  had. 


MESSRS.     rROTIIEROE     and     MORRIS 
ai.       ,  ::■!.'.. 1   ',   M  i .  I;.  I.i  ii- -  I- SELL  by  AUCTION, 
onth.M'i  N    ■  I  ,■.  lii    ,  Forest  Gate,  E.,  on 

MOXIil'i  I      .  :    ,    ■    i       >      .      j. IV. -isely,  the  BENE- 

FICIAL l\M  l:)  -1  Ml  111.  LI  L-l  ..I  ih,.  NURSERY',  with 
6  Gretuliuu^..-s,  CulUign.  iui.l  i  Acil-  l.i  Lund,  subject  to  the 
very  low  rent  of  £oO  per  uuuum.  Al.so  in  suitable  lots  the 
whole  of  the  well-grown  stock  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS,  comprising  1000  Maidenhair  Ferns,  2000  Bouvardias, 
Palms,  double  Primulas,  Cyclamen,  Utensils  in  Trade,  &c. 

May  be  viewed.     Catalogues  obtainable  on  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  6S,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G. ; 

and  Leytonstone.  E. 

Without  Eeserve.— St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 
Adjoining  Lord's  Cricket  Ground,  and  3  minutes'  walk  from 

St.  John's  Wood  Station. 
TWO  DAYS'  UNRESERVED  CLEARANCE  SALE,  by  order  of 
Messrs.  E.  G.  Henderson  &  Son  and  Messrs.  Hooper  &  Co.. 
Limited,  of  the  whole  of  the  GLASS  ERECTIONS,  and 
other  TRADE  BUILDINGS,  BRICKWORK,  HOT- WATER 
PIPING,  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  and 
SUNDRIES,  the  land  being  required  immediately  by  the 
Committee  of  the  Marylebone  Cricket  Club  for  the 
extension  of  their  grounds. 

MESSRS.     RROTHERGE     and     MORRIS 
will  SI.;LL  l.y  AriTKiN.  on  the  Premises,  The  Welling- 
ton Niir-.r    ,  SI    .LI, II  -  W I,  N  \V,  (entriince  from  Wellington 

Place)..!     I  I    I     ii\  1  ,'.  I  I'MCSDAl'.  September20and21. 

at  12..  I  i  ,  llii>  erections  of  11  GBEEN- 

HOl'SLs,  I  L    .1  1    1....IIIII  superficial  feet,  numerous 

PITS,  .iimi  liin  ut  lUJi-\\  A11-,K  PIPING,  several  PITS,  650 
GLAZED  LIGHTS,  Slate-slab  STAGING,  CISTERNS,  thou- 
sands of  BRICKS,  a  quantity  of  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  consisting  of  1000  English-grown 
Camellias,  lOOO  Decorative  Plants.  3000  Ferns,  in  variety ;  also 
the  Surplus  Stock  of  Horticultural  SUNDRIES,  including 
China  Wreaths,  Crosses,  Dried  Flowers,  and  numerous  other 
effects. 

May  be  viewed  the  Saturday  and  Monday  prior  to  the  Sale. 
Catalogues  can  be  obtained  on  the  Premises,  or  at  the  Pine- 


Friday  Next. 
CATTLEY  (TKIAN/F.)  bCIIRODER.=E. 
CATTLEYA  LABIATA.  species. 
L..13LIA  ELEGANS. 

MESSES.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructad  by  Mr.  F.  Maw  to  include  in  their  SALE  of 
ORCHIDS  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  23,  a  fine  importa- 
tion of  CATTLEYA  (TBUN^E)  SCHRODERvE,  ju»t  to  hand 
in  splendid  condition.  This  Cattleya  is  described  by  Professor 
Reiohenbach  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  April  16,  1887,  and 
received  three  First-class  Certificates  in  that  month.  CATT- 
LEYA LABIATA,  species,  and  L;ELIA  ELEGANS,  good  masses. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

:ANDA  SANDERIANA,  magnificent  mnssas;  AIJRIDES  SAN- 
IlKKlANA,  A.  LAWRENCEANA,  CYl'RII'EDIUM  ROE- 
H1.:LE.N'II,  the  whole  collected  aud  sent  home  by  Mr.  C. 

MESSRS.  PROTIII'lKnl.;  an-d  MORRIS  are 
instructed  to  S1:li,   !        \i  .   M   i\.  at  their  Central 

Sale  Rooms,  67  and  08,  (. i  i  i,   R.C.,  on  FRIDAY 

NEXT,  September  2o.  ni  1.  .11  j  .  i  I.  ..Clock  precisely,  by 
order  of  Mr.  C.  Roebelen.  a  wond.-rful  importation  of  VANDA 
SANDERIANA.  Asiswellknown  this  is  oneot  the  most  beautiful 
of  all  Orchids,  and  undoubtedlyoneofthe  grandest  importations 
of  recent  years.  The  plants  have  arrived  in  the  very  best  pos- 
sible condition,  some  of  the  masses  being  extraordinary  in  point 
of  size,  with  fine  fleshy  roots  and  full  of  leaves.  Mr.  Roebelen 
is  well  known  as  a  collector  of  Orchids,  and  the  extreme  diffi- 
culty in  importing  Vanda  Sanderiana  renders  the  present  Sale 
jually  attract 


The 


nta  recei 
Saccolabii 


viola. 


,,    quinquevulnerum  ,,    coeleste 

,,    mitratum  |      Cypripedium  Roebeleni 

The  Auctioneers  desire  to  call  particular  attention   to  this 

important  Sale.  It  is  seldom  an  importation  of  Orchids  reaches, 

this  country  in  better  condition,  the  Van.la  Siiiuleriana  being 

especially  fine. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale.'and  Catalogues  had. 

West  Cholderton. 

3  miles  from  Grately  Station,  S.W.R..  and  within  10  miles  of 

Salisbury  and  Andover. 
SALE   of  the   COLLECTION  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 
PLANTS,  formerly  the  property  of  the  lafe  Mrs.  Paxton. 

MESSRa^'pROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  W.  A.  Paxton,  Esc4..  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  adjoining  Cholderton  House, 
West  Cholderton,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY",  September  27,  at 
12  o'clock  precisely,  the  collection  of  well-grown  STOVE 


few  ORCHIDS,  G-ARDEN  ROLLER,  MOWING  MACHINES, 
and  other  UTENSILS. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  on  application  to  the  GARDENER. 
Catalogues  had  at  the  Post-office,  West  Cholderton ;  and  of 
the  Auct  ioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  Loudon.  E.C, . 
and  Leyton.toiie.  E. 

Orchids  in  Flower.    Special  Sale.    Tuesday,  Sept.  27. 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and      MORRIS 
desire  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  ORCHIDS  will  take  place  aa  above,  for  which  they  will  be 
glad  to  Receive  Notice  of  Entries  as  early  as  possible. 
Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Oltices,  67  and  63.  Cheapside,  E.C. 

Nursery  Stock  Sales. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  announce  tliat  thev  are  now  arranging  their 
S.ALES  of  NURSERY  STOCK,  for  the  coming  season,  and  they 
will  be  pleased  to  receive  the  names  of  intending  Purchasers 
who  may  wish  to  receive  CATALOGUES. 

Auction  Rooms  and  Estate  Offices,  67  and  6.9.  Cheapside, 
London.  E.C. 

Whittin^on  Nurseries,  near  Lichfield. 

rP.ELIMlXARY  ANNOUNCEMENT. 

MESSRS.  AVINTERTON,  BEALE,  and 
WINTERTON  are  instructed  by  -Mr.  Edward  Holmes  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  on  TUESDAY  and 
WEDNESDAY,  October  18  and  19,  and  following  day  if 
necessary. 

AN  IM.VIENSE  QUANTITY  OF  NURSERY  STOCK, 
remarkably  well  grown  and  splendidly  rooted,  comprising  a 
fine  assortment  of  FRUIT  TREES,  of  the  best  sorts ;  many 
thousands  of  healthy  young  FOREST  TREES,  a  most  compre- 
hensive collection  of  EVKRGREEN  and  DECIDUOUS  TREES 
and  SHRUBS  ;  an  unique  selection  of  CONIFERS,  specially 
grown;  choice  named  sorts  of  RHODODENDRONS,  Hardy 
Climbers,  and  a  large  quantity  of  the  best  Herbaceous  Plants. 

Detailed  particulars  in  future  notices  and  Catalogues  to  be 
obtained  14  days  previous  to  Sale  from  the  Auctioneers. 
St.  Mary's  Chambers.  Lichfield. 

BRIDGWATER  Xl^fsKRIES  and  SEED 
BUSINESS.  EstaHi~li...l  L<L'ii.  -In  consequence  of  the 
death  of  the  late  Proprietor,  the  iitiove  is  offered  for  S.\LE  by 
the  Executors  under  the  will. 

There  is  about  15  acres  of  Nursery  Ground  of  the  first 
quality,  well  stocked  with  Fruit  Trees,  Forest  and  Ornamental 
Trees  and  Shrubs,  of  a  varied  description,  and  in  fine  healthy 
condition.  About  8  acres,  including  that  with  the  Glass- 
houses, belong  to  the  Estate,  and  will  be  LET  on  LEASE  or 
SOLD. 

The  Shop  is  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  wliere  a  good  busi- 
ness is  done  in  Seeds,  Cut  Flowers,  and  Sundries,  and  is  only 
five  minutes'  walk  from  the  Nursery. 

The  whole  concern  is  offered  at  a  lump  sum,  or  may  be  taken 
at  a  valuation  in  the  usual  way. 

For  further  particulars,  and  to  view,  apply  to  R.  TUCKER, 
Nurseryman,  Faringdon,  Berks. 

OR  SALE,  cheap,  the   LEASE  of  a  Small 

Compact  NURSERY,  stocked  with  Vines,  Tomatos,  Ferns, 
aud  other  Plants.     Particulars  of 

.1.  LAKE.  Felgate,  Church  Road,  Leyton,  Essex. 

ENERAL  NURSERY,  FRUIT  GROWING, 

and  FLORIST  BUSINESS.  —  Surrounded  by  several 
large  towns.  Unusual  opportunity  to  an  enterprising  man. 
Nearly  4  Acres  of  good  Land,  11  Greenhouses,  well  heated, 
with  Residence.  Rent  on  Lease,  £60,  or  the  Freehold  would  be 
Sold— stock,  good-will,  &c.,  at  valuation,  about  £600.  Full 
particulars  of 
PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London. 

To  Florists,  &c. 

TO   BE    LET   or  SOLD,  on   Bexley  Heath, 
Eight  new  GREENHOUSES,  200  by  12  and  15  feet,  now 
planted  with  Tomatos.     Room  to  erect  more.    Apply. 

W.  G.  BAILEY',  Florist,  The  Nurseries,  Beiley,  Kent. 


TO   BE   LET,  at   Acton,   an   Old-established 
NURSERY,  standing  on  about  J-acre  of  ground.  Theie  are 
5  Glasshouses,  heated  by  Hot-water,  and  40  Lights  of  Pits. 
Apply  to  W.  MEAD  AND  CO.,  The  Vale.  Acton.  Middlesex. 


TO  LET— a  rar. 
mouth — about  1  ' 
is  in  a  high  state  of  t 
Trees  aii.l  all  liin.l,  .. 
Poiihi,  11..,-.  ,  .1,  I  v,i 


Cotlu 


1'...   to  Boiirne- 

'LIN';  the  Land 
I   with   Fruit 

.-my  Huildiugs,  and 

.  Road,  Bournemouth,  Hants. 


Llttldtou,  near  Sliepperton  Railway  Station,  Middlesex 
'VV  LEI,  oil  Lease,  a  MARKET  GARDEN, 
JL  embr,icing  an  area  of  4  a.  2  r.  23  p..  walled  in,  and  well 
cropped  with  Fruit  Trees.  On  the  Land  are  a  brick-built  de- 
tached Cottage,  containing  3  Be.ir....ni^  htv)  '.'  ^irtiiig-rooms;  a 
Lean-to  Potato  Shed,  an  Open  .Sti-  I,  In  ...■  s:,  .1,  w'oodShed, 
Fruit  Koora  (fitted  with  shelvi^ ..    .1  i      I,   :.' Stokeholes, 

and  a  Jlushroom  Shed.  There  ai..    :    .-   I  ..  Vineries,  with 

large  fruiting  ^'ine3,  a  Span-rouf  (  .u  .  ii..i..r} ,  with  Hot- water 
Piping,  an  Orange  House,  and  a  10-light  Kriclc  Pit.    Rent  on  a 
7,  14,  or  21  years'  lease,  £50  per  annum.     Incoming  about  £40. 
Apply  to  Mr.  C.  CHARLES  HORNE,  Littleton,  near  Staines. 

To  Market  Gardeners  :ind  Others. 

TO  LET,  at  Michaelmas  next,  about  13|  acres 
of  LAND,  at  Plaistow,  situated  in  the  Prince  Regent's 
Lane,  and  close  to  the  Barking  Road.    For  particulars  apply  to 
:vk— rs.  CLUTTON.  H.  Whitehall  Place.  S.W. 

IiRoTlllCUoE  AND  MORRIS,  Horticul- 
TuiiAL  Maurlt  Garden  anil  Estate  Auctioneers  and 
Valuers.  67  an.l  .w,  cli..ai.^i.le.  Lomlon,  E.C.  aud  at  Leyton- 
stone, E.     Monthly  Ilortu'iillural  Register  had  on  application. 

TV       O       W  R      E      A      D      Y^ 

l\         WHITE   IRIS    ANGLICA.   THE    BRIDE. 
WHITE    GLADIOLUS.    THE    BRIDE, 
WHITE    ANEMONE.    THE    BllIDE. 
All  very  effective  white  flowers,  for  Cutting  or  Decorative 
Purposes. 

100  splendid  roots  of  each  of  the  above  mentioned  "  Brides," 
may  be  had  free  per  Parcel  Post  on  receipt  of  P.0.0.  for  2at. 
payable  at  Overveen,  Haarlem. 

GEBROEDERS  ROOZEN,  Bulb  Growers,  Overveen, 
Haiirleni.  Holland. 

Sii.cial  quotations  for  larger  quantities  of  any  of  the  above. 
Descriptive  LIST  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  aud  Bulbous  Plants  may 
be  had  free  ou  prepaid  application. 

Package  free ;  free  at  home. 

Axeca  lutescens. 

GB.  FISCHER,  Nurseryman,  High  Street, 
•     Clapham.   London,   S.W..   begs    to    oHer  strong  and 
healthy  Plants  from  stores,  at  £.=.  per  UlW.     Cash  with  order. 

"  New  &  Very  Superior  Cabbage  " 

PERFECTION.— Every   cue   should   try   this 
mo^t  desirable  &  distinct  variety ;  "  close-hearted  ^- very 
little  T-iistt;."  Packets,  post-free.  Is. 

■■  .1A.MES  DICKSON  &  SONS."  108  Eastgate  St.  Chester. 

LAXTON'S  "  NOBLE  "  STRAWBERRY.— 
The  onli/  Fruit  which  received  a  First-class  Certificate 
from  the  Boi/al  Horticultural  Society  in  the  year  ending  June, 
1887,  and  the  only  Fruit  Certificated  at  the  Society's  great 
Licerpool  l^how,  July,  1886.  This  wonderfully  large,  handsome, 
and  prolific  early  Strawberry,  of  first  quality,  made  the  highest 
wholesale  price  in  Covent  Garden  Market  during  the  past  three 
seasons.  Mr.  J.  Muir,  after  trying  and  forcing  it,  says,  "In 
my  opinion  the  most  extraordinary  and  valuable  Strawberry  in 
cultivation."  Particulars  of  this  and  "  Laxton'sJubilee."afine 
new  late  variety  ;  see  previous  issues  of  this  Paper — also  free 
on  application.    Coloured  plate  of  "  Noble,"  6d.,  from 

THOJIAS  LAXTON.  Seed  and  Novelty  Grower.  Bedford. 

Q  A  /  \i  \(\  CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,  of  all  the 
OV^V/V/V  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  Ui  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants ;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5^ineh  pots,  2s.  6a. 
e.ach.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

Daffodil  Planting, 

HARTLANDS  Original  LITTLE  BOOK  for 
1887.  Post-free,  is.  6rf.  It  is  beautifully  Illustrated  by 
Gertrude  Hartland,  containing  numerous  full-sized  Draw- 
ings, and,  as  a  work  of  art,  unique.  From  the  great  demand 
W.  B.  H.  finds  himself  compelled  to  have  it  reproduced.  Please 
write  for  copy,  and  prior  to  your  sending  Daffodil  orders;  if  not 
pleased  your  money  will  be  refunded.  A  Duplicate  Copy  (not  illus- 
trated), with  a  General  BULB  LIST,  can  be  liad  free  of  cost, 
aud  the  Book  itself  is  presented  gratis  with  orders  above  40s. 

WM.  BAYLOR  HARTLAND,  Seedsman,  24,  Patrick  Street, 
Cork,  Ireland. 

Planting  Season. 

MESSRS.  JOHN  bTANDISH  and  CO. 
offer  a  large  collection  of  TREES  and  SHRUBS, 
thoroughly  transplanted  and  well-rooted,  which  are  suitable 
for  planting  as  SPECI.MENS  and  for  forming  ORNAMENTAL 
BORDERS  and  PLANTATIONS.  Their  Stock  includes 
ABIES  of  various  kiu.L,  L"  L.  7  f, .  1  :  CUPRESSUS  LAW- 
SONIANA,  2  to  5  fe.l  ,  1  I  \\  I.  I'l  ill  li.  Irish,  and  Golden, 
UtO'l'eet;  A.MERU' \  N  ILI,.!;  V  r  L,  and  other  THUIAS, 
2  (o  h  feet;  RETI.M  isl  .  n:  v.n.  -  i..  1  feet;  THUIOPSIS 
DOLABRATA,  I  to  6  le.  t  .  JluLLlKS,  Golden,  Silver,  and 
Green,  1  to  5  feet;  LAUREL,  Cummon.  Caucasicum,  Rotundi- 
folia,  and  Portugal,  1  to  3  feet;  AUCUB.V.  Variegated  and 
CJrecn.  1  to  2  feet ;  Standard  and  Dwarf  ROSES.  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, and  FRUIT  TREES  of  all  kinds;  also  DECIDUOUS 
TREES.  6  to  14  feet,  such  as  LIMES,  SYCAMORE,  HORSE 
CHESTNUT,  NORWAY  MAPLE,  MOUNTAIN  ASH,  IlTtPLE 
BEECH,  SCARLET  THORNS,  POPLARS,  aud  DOUBLE 
FLOWERING  CHERRIES. 

CATALOGUES     on     application.      Special    arrangements 
made  with  buyers  of  large  quantities  for  Cash. 
Inspection  invited. 
Boyal    Nurseries,    Ascot, 


Sbptembeb  17,  1887.] 


THE    OABDENEBS'    GIIBONICLE. 


327 


GARDENERS'  ORPHAN  FUND. 

Donaiions  and  Suhscripfions 
promised  oi'  sent. 

EIGHTH      LIST. 


Porter,    A..    Lui-hie    Gartleng,    North 

Berwick.  N.B 

Procter.  T.,  The  Gardens,  Bank  Hall, 

Burnley 

Reid  T..  "Upton"  Nurseries,  Chester 
Reynolds,  J.,  Pentillie  Castle  Gardens, 

St.  Mellion,  Cornwall 

Roberts,  J.,  Gardener,  East  Cliff  Lodge, 

Ramsgate        

Rogers.  J.,  Gardener,  Binsted  Wyck, 

Alton,  Hants 

Seden.  J., RoyalExotic Nursery,  Chelsea 
SImrman.  E.,  The  Gardens,  Sandringham 
Simeon,   J.,    Gardener.  New  Somerby, 

Grantham,  Lincoln 

Smith,    G.,    4,    Waterworks    Cottages, 

Kenley 

Stanbridge,    D.,    Gardener,   Pick  Tree 

House,  Chester-Ie-Street,  Durham 
Stephens,  C,  The  Gardens,   Highclere 

Castle,  Newbury       

Tait,  A.  W.,  115,Entre  Quintas,  Oporto, 

Portugal  

Thomas,  O.,  The  Gardens,  Chatsworth, 

Chesterfield     

Tisdale,    R,,    Bowes   Manor,   Palmer's 

Tracey,  J.,  Gordon's  Nursery,  Twicken- 

Upjohn,  Gardener,  VVorsley,  Manchester 
Watson.  A.,   Gardener,   Primley  Hill, 

Paignton  

Webber,  C.  H.,  The  Gardens,  Henwick 

Grange,  Worcester 

Weeks,  C,  The    Gardens,    Redenham 

House,  Andover         

Westcott,  R.,  The  Gardens.  Abberley 

Hall.  Stourport  

Whittaker.     W.,      Gardener,      Manor 

House,  Bridgewater 

Wicks.   J.,    Aldermaston     House,    St. 

Luke's  Road,  W 

WiUett,  E.,The  Gardens.  Sandringham 
Wilson,  J.,  Gardener,  Pavenhambury, 

Bedford  

Withy,  J.,  Highgate  Cemetery.  N.  ... 
Woodcock,  W.  K..  The  Gardens,  Oak- 
brook,  Sheffield         

Woolford,  J.,   Gardener,  East  Thorpe. 

Reading  

Worrall.  F.,  The  Gardens,  Lyme  Hall. 

Stockport         

YoungMen. The  Gardens,  Betteshanger, 

Sandwich         

Young  Men,  The  Gardens,  Castle  Upton, 

Templepatrick,  Ireland        

Young  Men,  Clumber  Gardens,  Worksop 


0  10    0 
0  10    6 


1     0 


2     0 

5    0 


5     0 
5     0 


I  10     0 
I     5     0 


2     fl 

2     fi 


/■iirtker  Donations  and  Subscriptions  ivill  be  thiinkfulhi 
received  bi/ 

A.  F.  BARRON,  Honorary  Secretary, 

ROYAL    HORTICrLTl'KAL   SOCIETY'S   GARDENS, 
ClirsWlCK,  LoNDDN,  W. 


Hull  Corporation. 

To  NUHSKKYMEN  au<t  OTHERS. 

THE  CORPORATION  ARE  PREPARED 
to  RECEIVE  TENDERS  for  PLANTING  with  TREES 
and  SHRUBS  a  portion  of  their  NEW  PARK  on  the  Holdemco 
Road.  Hull,  also  the  Extension  of  the  Spring  Bank  Cemetery. 

Forms  of  Tender  may  l>e  obtained  upon  application  to  the 
undersigned. 

Tenders,  endorsed  and  addressed  as  directed  on  the  Forma  of 
Tehder.  are  to  be  delivered,  undercover,  to  the  TOWN  CLERK, 
Hull,  before  10  o'clock  on  WEDNESDAY,  September  28.  18*(7. 

The  Corporation  do  not  bind  themselves  to  accept  the  lowest 
or'any  Tender. — By  order, 

A.  E.  WHITE.  Borough  Engineer. 
Town  Hall.  Hull.  September  10,  1S87. 


ORCHIDS. 

AN    IMMENSE   STOCK. 

ALL    IN    FINE     CONDITION. 

INSPECTION  INVITED. 


Catalogues  free  on  application  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE   VINEYARD    &   NURSERIES, 

GABSTON,    near   LIVERPOOL. 


DUTCH  AND  GAPE  BULBS 

DIRECT    FIIIIM    THE    CinOWEIiS, 

ANT.  ROOZEN  &  SON. 

OUR     GUINEA     PACKAGES 

OF   CHOICE    HARDY   FLOWER   ROOTS 

For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gardening,  again  enlarged,  now 

contiiiua-i  under:— 

Collection 


**  F,'^    for    Spring    Gardening, 
Containing  1000  Bulbs. 

36  Hyacinths.distiii.tLulniir-     .M'  I'.-r=iiiu  RauuncuUn. 

W  Tulips,  single,' 

60  Tulips,  double. 

24  Tulips,  single,  late. 


20  Narcissus.  Polyanthus. 
30  Narcissuii,  incomparabilt«i. 
24  Narcissus,  Poeticus. 
50  Anemones,  double. 
24  Auemonea,  single. 
4(10  Crocus,  inddistinct colours 


.-.u  Frt-nch  Rnninu-ulii^. 
.'>()  Snowdrops,  -Tiingle. 
50  Spanish  Iris. 
24  Triteleia  uniflora. 
24  Gladiolus. 
4  Lilium  umbellatum. 
24  Scilla  sibirica  prsecoi. 
16  Eranthis  Hyemalis  (\Vi 
Aconite). 


Collection    *'  C,"    for    Indoor,    containing 
284  Choice  Bulbs  for  60-Pots  and  Glasses. 

Hn!fo/  v,th,.r  of  the  above  for  \\s. 

The  above  Packages  niav  be  had  from  our  Agents.  Jlessrs. 
MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane.  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London. 
E.C.,  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  INDOOR 
and  SFRINCt  GARDENING,  see  our  complete  and  revised 
CATALOGUE  for  1887.  which  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation to  our  Agents,  or  ourseIv<es  direct. 

ANT.     BOOZEN     &     SON,     Nurserymen, 

OVERVEEN.  near  HAARLEM.  HOLLAND. 


B.  S.  WILLIAMS' 

Improved  Mnshroom  Spawn, 

IVr  liiislu'l  of  M  rakes,  as. 

Per  cyke.    6(/. ;    per  cake,   free  by 

Parcels  Post,  Is. 

For  ( hildoor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

Victoria  and  Paradise 

Nurseries, 

Upper  Holloway,  London,  N. 


DUTCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

FRENCH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

ENGLISH  BULBS  CHEAP. 

See  our   Wholesale  CATALOGUE  of  Bulbs, 
free  on  application, 

containingLlstof  all  thebest  varieties  otHYACrNTHS, TULIPS. 

OKOCUS,  LILIES,  DAFFODILS,  IRIS,  SN0WDP.0P3,  &c. 
Plecvse  compare  our  Prices  before  sending  your  Orders  abroad. 

WATKINS   &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON,  W.C. 


SIR 


WATKIN 


IS  THE  BEST  OF  ALL  THE  NARCISSI. 

Priced  CIRCULAR  (No.  ?j?A)  oflhis  and 

all  other  Narcissi  post-free. 

JAMES     DICKSON     &     SONS, 

NEWTON  NURSERIES,  CHESTER. 


SPECIALTIES. 

TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACRE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 

ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  Stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursery  is  of  suuli  magnitude  that 
without  seeing  it  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception 
of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

FKUIT  TREES,  ROSES,  AZALEAS,   CAMELLIAS, 

BOUVARDIAS,  CYCLAMENS,    EUrCAS,  EPACKIS,  I'RLMU- 

LAS,  SOLANUMS,  TREE  CARNATIONS,  and  other 

WINTER   and    SPRING   BLOOMING  PLANTS, 

Of  fine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 

ISSPECTIOTf  IXVITED. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  au  area  of  274,600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW     &    CO., 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,   E. 


BEST  HYACINTHS,  Four  Dozen,  in  48's,  of 
the  lie>t  varieties  in  cultivation — all  oliow  varietiey — for 
20,1.     I'rei-  by  i»st.     Send  P.O.O.  to 
(iEimi)EDEH,S   ROOZEN,   Overvoen,  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Trice  LIST  of  all  sorts  of  Bulbs  free.    Package  free;  free  at 


FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED   CATALOGUE,   containing    "Hints    on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  l.t. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive     "  List    OF    New,   Rare,   and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "  Hardy  North  American  Fernb," 

free  on  application. 


W.   &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    NURSERY.    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


TO  ENSURE  FLOWERS  ALL  THE 
YEAR  ROUND 

YERTEGANS' 

Illustrated  Cntahgue 

BEAUTIFUL  HARDY 
FLOWERS, 

GRATI.S    ami    PO.ST-FIIEK. 


CHAD   VALLEY  NURSERIES, 

BIRMINGHAM. 


;"^-^Vc^o^i?? 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  RAI L 

PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  FREE 

JamesDicksqn&Sons 

"NEWTON'^  NUR$ERIES\ruccTCD 


Sold  in  Packets,  6d.  and  Is.  each,  and  in 

SEALED  BAGS  ONLY, 

7  lb.        14  lb.      28  lb.        56  lb.         1  cwt. 


2/6    4/6   7/6  12/6   20/- 
CLAY    &    LEVESLEY. 

TEMPLE  MILL  LANE, 
STRATFORD,    LONDON,    E. 


328 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHEONICLE. 


[Septejiber  17,  1887. 


PEAT   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.     Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Ma?cal  Estate,  yorth  Cray,  Kent. 


CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH^ 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis,  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Tlirip.  IVIealy 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  &c.,  &c, 
PERFECTLY  )   *''  *'^^  Hands  and  Skin,  but  -n-ill  cure 
ItinRwormin  Animals,  and  all  Diseases 
nARMLESS   ;  produced  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  combination  of  Hydrocarbon  Oils,  made  soluble  in 
Water,  for  Destroying  ALU  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  wlietlier  at  the  Roots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  Chemists.  Is.  Cd,  Cs.  01.  i-  's.  Gd; 

4gaUon78.6d,  1  gallon  lis.  IJd.  orlcss  in  Iniiror  (junutities. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale :  IIooiEii  &  Co. ,  fuiinv,  SopER,  FowLEn  i-  Co. ; 
C.  E.  Osji.iN  .»  I'o  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Jter- 
ehants  and  Wholesale  Patent  Medi.iue  Houses.  NKW 
YOttK-Uoi.KEK  &  So.vs. 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 


Throirs  a  fine 
spray  20  ft.,  and 
a  Jet  30  ft.,  u-ith 
(jrent  force. 

A  sjjleiiclid 
siilsfitiite  for  the 
Syringe  for  imng 
Insecticide,  Price 
2.5s.  A  larger 
size  for  tvatering 
purposes,  45s. 
5^  Carriage  Paid, 


HUGHE 

APHICIDE 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&  CREAM  COLOR  SHADING 

Convenient,  Inexpensive— l-^asily  applied  — Lasts  all  the 

Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  off.    Is.,  post  1/3. 

For  Fixing  Bloom  of  Azaleas,      u  |  ■  ^\LM  IPO  T 

i-cand  forCut  nowers.  nU^ritO 

FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  great  boon  t'-  Florists  and  all  lovers  of  Flowers.    Driea 
instantly.     SjM  in  bottles,  Is.  &  28.     Per  post  3d.  extra, 

HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Preventing  Vines  Bleeding  after  Pruning. 
Very  effectual  in  preventing  the  flow  of  Bap  in  Vines  being 

■wasted.    In  bottles  1/G  and  2/6.    Per  post,  3d.  extra. 
For  Destroying  Beetles,  T'orkroarhea.    U  1 1 P  U  T  C 
Crickets,  Bu£^3,  Fleas,  Mos.iuito.H,  &r.     nUwtlti^ 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 


WHY     PAY    HIGH     PRICES, 

When  you   can    purchase   a    thoroitghljj    good    and    sound    Champagne  for 


30/-D0ZEH.     GEVENCEY.     30/- 


DOZEN. 


SOLE    AGENTS: 


JOHN   C.   HANDS  &  CO., 
99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G., 

OLD-ESTABLISHED    WINE    and   SPIRIT    MERCHANTS   and  AGENTS. 


CrotnplOTi  &  FawKes 

(LAT  E;    TH-P-DENNIS     &<  0°) 

Horticultural   Builders 

Chelmsford 


NEW     B      k       [     IH    r     LITII       RilHID     SKETCHES     of     WINTER    GARDENS      RANGES    of    HOTHOUSES. 
MNERIES   AKtHITi    T    I   tl  NbU  \  \       1  ILS    S.      of     ar  ous  De    gns  and  S /es   re  entlj  constructed   ere  ted  fitted  aud 

heated  complete^by  us  in  different  partd  o£  the  country;  -with  particulars  of  the  most  successful  Hot-water  Heating  Apparatu 

tth  123  Illustrations,  by  F.  A^  Fawkes.  post-fri 

HORTICULTUEAL  STRUCTURES  of  EVERY  DESCRIPTION.  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  &c. 


HOT-WATER     APPARATUS    for     WARMING     CHURCHES,    SCHOOLS,     PUBLIC     BUILDINGS.     MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS.  DRYING  ROOMS,  HOTHOUSES,  and  BUILDINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

Hot-water  Pipes  and 
Fittings 

OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 
4-inch    Pipes  at   Is.  6d.   per  yard. 

SADDLE,  VERTICAL, 

and  all  otber  klnda  of 
BOILERS. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangcjnent 

For  GREENHOUSES,  tie. 
911  VF^TFR'Q    P-A.TENT  STEEL   TRENTHAM   BOILER  is  far  the  best ,  cheapest ,  and 

01  Lw  1.0  I  Cn  O   trwst  economical  Hot-water  Boiler  made.     The  improved  facilities  for  ensuring 

perfect  combustion  saves  fuel  anipreceyif.i  smoke,  and  the  efficient  arrangement  for  cleaning  out  greatly 

prolongs  the  life  of  the  Boiler.    These  Jioilers  are  manufactured  and  supplied  by  the  Patentees  only. 

HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS,  on  the  High  or  Low  Pressure  principle,  erected 

complete ;   efficiency  guaranteed. 

PUMPING   MACHINERY  for  all  purposes,  ENGINES,  BOILERS,  Sfc. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 

CASTLE    HILL    WORKS,    NEWCASTLE,    STAFFORDSHIRE. 


Septbmbeb  17,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


329 


/VANDA  SANDERIANA,  magnificent  masses, 
JAERIDES  SANDERIANA,    A.  LAWRENCEANA, 
j  CYPRIPEDIUM    ROEBELENII. 

\  The  2vhole  collected  and  sent  home  hij  Mr.  C.  Roehelen. 


FRIDAY  NEXT :- 


MESSRS     PROTHEROE      &     MORRIS     are   instructed   to   SELL   by  AUCTION,  at  their 

Central  Sale  Rooms,  6?  and  GS,  C'heapside,  London,  E.C.,  on  FlIIDAY  NEXT,  September  23,  at  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of 
Mr.  C.  Roebelen,  a  wonderful  importation  of  VANDA  SANDERIANA.  As  is  well  known,  this  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  all  Orchids,  and 
undoubtedly  one  of  the  grandest  importations  of  recent  years.  The  plants  have  arrived  in  the  very  best  possible  condition,  some  of  the  masses  being 
extraordinary  in  point  of  size,  with  fine  fleshy  roots,  and  full  of  leaves.  Mr.  Roebelen  is  well  known  as  a  collector  of  Orchids,  and  the  extreme  difficulty 
in  importing  Vanda  Sanderiana  renders  the  present  Sale  unusually  attractive. 


The  Consignment  will  also  include  a  fine  lot  of  the  following  ORCHIDS,  the  whole  of  the  plants  received  offered  :— 

AEUIDES  LAWRENCEANA,  1  AfiRIDES  MITRATUM,  I  SACCOLABIUM  CCELESTE, 

„     SANDERIANA,  SACCOLABIUM  YIOLACEUM, 

„    QUINQUEVULNERUM,  I  „    MINIATUM  CITRINUM,  I 


CYPRIPEDIUM  KOEBELENIT. 


The  Auctioneers  desire  to  call  particular  attention  to  this  important  Sale.     It  is  seldom  an  Importation  of  t)rchids  reaches  this  country  in  better 
condition,  the  Vanda  Sanderiana  being  especially  tine.      On  vieio  moi-niny  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


FRIDAY  NEXT:— 


{  CATTLEYA    (TRIAN>E)    SCHRODER^, 
\  CATTLEYA    LABIATA    SPECIES, 
(  L^ELIA    ELEGANS. 


]\/IESSRS.      PROTHEROE      &      MORRIS    arc  instructed  by  Mr.  F.   Maw  to  indude  in  thc:r 

SALE  of  ORCHIDS,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  September  23,  a  fine  Importation  of  CATTLEYA  (TRIAN.E)  SCHROUER.E,  just  to  hand  in 
splendid  condition.     This  Cattleya  is  described  by  Professor  Reichenbach   in  the   Gardener^   Chronicle,  April  16,  1887 
Cortilicates  in  that  month  ;  CATTLEYA  LABIATA  SPECIES,  and  L.ELIA  ELEGANS— good  masses. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


and  recei\'ed  three  First-class 


HORTICULTURAL    SOILS,     MANURES, 
SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.    Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Succes.sor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75a,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.G.,  near  Mansion  House  Station.   Dep6t:  Swan  Place, 

Established  1864. 

EAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 

NiiTsery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  105.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6rf.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Tlant  Beds,  at  IS.-:,  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  5s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  6d.  per 
bag.     SILVKR  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO.,  FarnlKjro' Station.  Hants. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    REFUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  255. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 
405. ;  4-bushel  bass,  id.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  id.  per  Ba«k  j  5  sacks, 
'Zhs. :  sacks,  id.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT.  65.  per  sack,  6  sacks,  22s. ;  lacks. 
id.  each. 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  id.  per  bushel;  15s.  pet  half 
ton ;  2tis.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS.  85.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS.  VIKOIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  tor  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21.  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17a.  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

ORCHID      PEAT. 

JOHNSON'S 

IS  THE  BEST  IN  THE  WORLD. 

Al;o  first-class  PEATfor  Azaleas.  Heaths,  Ferns.  Rhododendrons, 
&■-■.     Samples  forwarded  free  of  charge. 

A.  JOHNSOM  &  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall  Street,  London. 


WASPS ! 

Ask  yonr  Chemist 
fur  the  INSTANT- 
ANEOUS DEATH 
TO  WASPS.  Sold 
Wholesale  by  BAR- 
CLAY AND  SON, 
Farringdon  Street. 
London,  E.C.  Price 
Ss,  6rf.  and  3s.  id. 


WASPS! 


ni    ith  of  the  hole, 
and  the  Wasps  will 

commence  to 
DIE 


COCOA-NUT   FIBRE,    newly    made.— Great 
reduction.    In  bags— 20,  14s.  ;   40,  2.5s.,   bags  included. 
Truck-load  of  two  tons,  2O5.    All  free  on  to  Rail. 

J.  STEVENS   AXD   CO.,   Greyhound  Yard,  and  153,   High 
Street,  Battersea. 

GARDEN       REQUISITES, 

of  best  quahti/,  (is  supplied  to  the  Rotjal  Gardens,  i^c. 
FINEST  ORCHID  PEAT,  75.  per  sack. 

BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  ,55.  per  sack,  5  for  22s.  M. 
BEST  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s.  id.  per  sack,  5  for  20s. 
COARSE  SILVER  SAND,   Is.  id.    per  bushel ;    14s.    i-tou ; 
PURE  LEAF-MOULD.  4s.  per  sack.  [26s.  per  ton. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM  3s.  per  sack. 
BEST  MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  4s.  per  bushel. 
RAFFIA,    LABELS.    STICKS,    BAMBOO  CANES,   VIRGIN 

CORK,  CHEMICAL.  MANURES,  &o. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  6s.  per  sack, 
SPECIALITB  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  each  M.  per  lb. ; 

28  lb.  for  185.  Price  List  free  by  post. 

W.  HERBERT  AND  CO..  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses,  South- 
wark  Street,  London,  S.E. 

TREPHO  forORCHIDS. 

For  Potting.  Rafts,  Blocks,  &c.     To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,  F.R.B.S.,  F.B.H.S., 

75a,    QUEEN    VICTORIA    STREET,    E.C. ;    and 
SWAN  PLACE,    OLD   KENT  ROAD,  S.E. 


GISHXmST  COMPOUND,  nsed  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  18.59  agaiust  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Gre^n  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water ;  4  to  Itj  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes,  Is..  3s..  and  lus.  id. 

GISHIIRSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  id.  and  Is.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

^j&^  Medals. 

W^^  TO 

JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
Weston-super-Mare,  Manufacturer  of  TERRA  COTTA 
VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS,  BORDER 
TILES,  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality,  from  I  to  .30  inches 
diameter,  stand  the  frosts,  and  seldom  turn  green  ;  ORCHID, 
FERN,  SEED,  and  STRIKING-PANS.  RHUBARB  and  SEA- 
KALE  POTS,  &.C. 

Price  List  post-free.    Book  of  Designs,  Js.  id. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 


Two  Prize  Mk 
Quallty,  THE  BEST  in  the  Market.     (AU  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  bei-t  brown  fibrous    ...    .5s.  per  sack  ;  5  sacks  for  22s.  id. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous      ...  4s.  id.    ,,        5  sacks  for  2Us. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid     bs.id.    ,,         5  sacks  for  255. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     "J 

PREPARED  COMPOST,  best      (Is.  per  bush.,  3s.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  (         (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD.  „  ) 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  id.  per  bush.,  14s.  half  ton,  245.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    Sd:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Speciality)      Sd.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 
MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack ...    55.  per  bushel. 
CHUBB'S"PERFECT"rER-')  In  bags. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  I  . ' . 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  (Tins.  71b.  141b.  281b.  661b.  Icwt. 

Fruits,  Vegetables,  &c.     ...)    1/6    3/-    6/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 
CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality        1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 
VERGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    3/-    5/6    10/6    17/- 
HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  25.  id.  per  bushel. 
COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  Is.  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks,  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. ; 

30  sacks.  25s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.    Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 

25s.    Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 

in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  E. 


STEVEN      BROS     &   CO 
HOT       WATER       APPARATUS. 


330 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembek  17,  1887. 


EARLY  BULBS 

AT    DUTCH    PRICES, 

To   Produce   Beautiful   White   and    Coloured 

Flowers  for    Christmas    and 

Easter  Decoration. 


WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

THE    LARGEST    BULBS    OF    THE    YEAR. 
Price,  per  100,  14s. ;  per  dozen,  23. 

DOUBLE  ROMAN  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  103.  6d. ;  per  dozen,  Is.  6d. 

PAPER  WHITE  NARCISSUS. 

Price,  per  100,  103.  6d. ;   per  dozen,  Is.  6d. 

VAN    THOL   TULIPS,  Bed  and  Yellow. 

Price,  per  100.  43.  6d. ;   per  dozen,  9d. 

the  Bermuda 
Easter  Lily. 
Price,  per  dozen,  lOs.  6d. ;     each,  Is. 

FREESIA  REFRACTA  ALBA. 

Price,  per  100,  15s. ;  per  dozen,  2s.  6d. 
Detailed  CA  TAZOG  UE  Gratia  and  Post-free. 

AIL  PARCELS  CARRIAGE  FREE. 

Seedsmen  by  Royal  Warrants  to  H  M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


LILIUM    HARRISI, 


JERSEY  FRUIT     TREES. 

U  ^  r\  O  C:  I  CarriiiRe  Paid.  Cordons^,  ISjerTal". 
Write  for  Illustrnted  Citnloiiurs  to  .lOSHI'A  LE  CORNU 
AND  SON,  Hiph  View  Niir<eri.>s.  «■),.,  Mill  -..,id  .-irria.^e 
piiid  for  cash  with  order,  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  for  213. 


DUTCH    AND    OTHER 

FLOWERING    BULBS. 

Superb  qualities^  at    moderate  prices, 

■Large  Collections  of  all  the  very  best  varietie.s  of  Hyaciatha, 
Tulips,  Crocuses,  Narcissi,  Lilie<i,  Snowdrops.  &:c. 

Pried  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  applicatio7i. 


"^jt^/^-eM/:  ^ 


VICCABS    COLLYER    &    CO.'S 

AUTUMN  CATALOGUE, 

.Vs!/,.  Reatl!/,  Gmtis  and  Post-/i 


ROMAN     HYACINTHS, 

Splendid  bulb,.  Is.  pi.  do/. ;  12.5.  100.  For  present  planting. 

STRAWBERRIES, 

Leading  sorts  at  3s.  per  100.  carriage  paid,  cash  with  order. 
The  extraordinary  fruiting  properties  of  MONSTROSITY 
Strawberry  have  induced  ui  to  propagate  a  very  large  quan- 
tity, and  offer  at  a  price  within  the  reach  of  all,  viz.,  is, 
per  dozen,  cash  with  ordfr;  or  a  collection  of  100  ordinary 

wrta.wilho- ■- "- ■ 

free  for  4?. : 
TO  PLANT. 
Send/or  CATALOGT'R.  ah^dvirh/  t 


CENTRAL  HALL,   SILVER   STREET,   LEICESTER, 

Tehnramf—"  Centraf,  Leicester." 


EARLY  WHITE 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

OUR  LARGE  CONSIGNMENTS 
of  ROMAN  HYACINTHS.  PAPER  WHITE  N.iR- 
CISSrS.  &,-..  are  to  hand  in  splendid  condition,  and 
wo  hav,^  much  pleasure  in  offering  tine  picked  Bulbs 
;it  ni."I.T:ifr  ]u-ti,-s  ;,s  hclnw,  carriage  free: — 
WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  tine  roots.  Ss.  per 

.lo/.n.  1.-1  ,  ,,,-r  In..    Un.,    p.-r  luOQ. 
WHITE    ROMAN   HYACINTHS,  ordinary  sized  roots, 

\'i.  :i.l.  )i.r  ,],„..„.  IL't.  ,„.r  100,  110.?.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,  Paper  White,  splendid  for  forcing.  Is. M. 

|.   r  .1../.I1.  Ill,    i;,;    p,.r  lilii,  90s.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,     Paper    White,    new,     large    flowered, 
si.li-n.h.l  viiri.ly.  murh  superior  to  the  old  sort,  2s.  id. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  fine  roots.  Is.  M.  per 

ilo/eu,  liii,  IV.  ij,T  lull,  iiils.  per  1000. 
Our  beautifully    Illustrated    CATALOGUE    (64  pages 
imperial  size)  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Narcissi.  Lilies.  Fruit 
Trees.  Roses.  &c.,  is  now  ready,  and  should  be  read  by  all 
intending  purchasers  before  making  their  selection. 


DANIELS     BROS., 

ROYAL  NURFor.K  SEED  ESTABLISHMENT, 

NORWICH. 


JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOR  EARLY  FORCiyO. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  White,  fine  selected 

routs,  2,-.  per  dozen,  l.'is.  per  100. 

NARCISSirS,  Double  Roman,  \s.  6d.  per  doz., 

III'.,  per  lllO. 
..     Paper  WInte,  Is.  (it/,  per  dozen.  10s.  per  100. 

TULIPS,    Duo   Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

Sd.  per  dozen,  4s.  per  100. 


All  Carriage  Free.    Catalogues  Gratis  and  Post-free. 


THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 

(RfMISTEHF.l)), 

CHARB,     SOMERSETSHIRE. 


HOOPER   &    CO.,    Lim., 

COVENT    GARDEN,   LONDON. 


HARDY  PERENiMIALS. 


son.  We  offer 
100  in  100  ' 
100 


r  very  choice,  60s. 


Suitable  for  Rockeries  or  Borders, 

STOVE  AND  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS. 


les.  42s.,  63s., 
bargains.     Ca 


111  1053. 

i-igues  of  Spei 


SCHUBERTIA  GRANDIFLORA. 

A  new  plant  of  great  merit,  and  one  of  the  best  novelties 
introduced  for  many  years.  It  flowers  profusely  in  clusters, 
shape  of  the  Allamanda,  pure  white,  deliciously  scented,  and 
lasting  a  long  time  in  water;  flowers  large' and  of  good 
Bubstauce.  For  cut  blooms  and  decorative  purposes  it  is 
unique  ;  the  culture  most  simple  in  the  ordinary  greenhouse 

7s.  6d.  and  10s,  6d.  each. 


HOOPERS   Bl'LB   CATALOGUE,  poit  pvbtixheil. 
the  most  roinplete  and  cheapest  issued,  free  on  app/tc 


:of 


HOOPER  &  CO.,  Limited,  Covent  Garden. 

ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18<.  to  36«.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


pUTBUSH'S      MTLL- 

\J  TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion. Price,  fjs.  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  ^d.  per 
cake  ;  free  by  parcel  post,  \s. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enrlofted,withoursignatureatbached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Ximited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
MerchantB,  Higbgate  NuTBerieB,  N.      I 


SUTTON'S 

INIMITABLE 

HYACINTHS 

FOB     BEDDING. 

In     Dt'sft'nrf     S/iadr.^     of     Colour, 
to  Flower  ^-yimultaneously. 

"  My  show  of  Inimitable  Hyacinths  this  spring,  from 
bulbs  bought  from  you,  was  truly  magnificent.  Their 
flowering  was  simultaneous;  notasingle  failure.  Few  who 
saw  them  would  believe  that  they  were  really  grown  outrof- 
doors,  and  many  insisted  that  they  had  been  removed  from 
the  greenhouse  for  1  he  occasion,  whereas  they  were  planted 
out-of-doors  on  the  9th  of  October,  6  inches  deep,  and  never 
h:id  the  sliehteM.  shelter  ;ill  through  the  severe  winter."— 
W.   WORMALI),  t\>/.,  Iln^snrks. 


RED    HYACINTHS- 

Sutton's  Inimitable  Scarlet.  Bark  Rose, 
and  Light  Rose,  each  per  dozen,  63.  6d. ; 
per  100,  40s. 

BLUE    HYACINTHS- 

Sutton's  Inimitable  Blue,  Light  Blue,  Dark 
Blue,  each  per  dozen,  53.  6d. ;  per  100, 40s. 

WHITE    HYACINTHS- 

Sutton'3  Inimitable  Pure  White,  per  doz., 
7s.  6d. :  per  100,  B53.  Sutton's  Tinted 
White,  per  dozen,  6s. ;  per  100,  44s. 

SUTTON'S   BULB  CATALOGUE, 

neautifullv  lUustrati-il  with  a  Himjsome  Coluurc.l 
Pl^ite  .111.1  numerous  Eiigrjviugs,  nnj  containing  full 
Cultural  Instructions. 

Gratis  and  Post-free  to  intending  Purchasers  of  Bulbs. 


SUTTON  S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

Strong  Roots,  is.  per  lOO.  Plants  in  small  pots.  16.!.  psr  100; 
ditto  in  large  pot^,  'iba.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants.  Worcester. 

(5,000   TEA  ROSES, 

IX  ALL  THE  LEADING  VARIETIES, 

Fine  plants,  in  5^  and  6-inch  pots,  12s.,  15s.,  and  18s.  per  dozen, 

according  to  size. 

The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 

any  in  the  country.     LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 

application.        j^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ,j,_.^j^  ^^  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTtmAL  CO. 

(JOHN    COWAN),    Llmitko, 

THE  VINEYARD  and  NURSE  LUES,  GARSTON, 
NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


FLORISTS' 

FLOWERS, 

Strong  transplanted  seedling-*,  from  our  magnificent 
strai  ns . —Post-free. 

Per  dozen — s.  d. 

AURICULAS,  Alpine,  very  choice        2  6 

PRIMULAS,  choicest  red...  i  (16 

„    ..    white        j-  beautifully  fringed  {      ^  ^ 

„     „    mixed        per  100,  105. 6rf.     1  6 

,,     ,,     ,,     extra  strong 2  6 

,,     Crimson  King,  magnificent  colour,  fine  plants...     3  6 

,,    Queen  of  Whites,  superb  variety 3  6 

CINERARIAS,  splendid  strain    ...       per  100,  10s.  6rf.     I  6 

CALCEOLARIAS,  herbaceous,  beautiful  strain        ...     2  6 
CARNATIONS  and   PICOTEES,  very  choice,  from 

stage  flowers,  mixed 1  6 

PRIMROSES,  splendid  hybrids  ...      per  100,  10s.  Orf.     1  6 

POLYANTHUS.  Gold-laced,  fine          per  100,  75.  6(/.    1  0 


DANIELS   BROS., 

TOWN     CLOSE     NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


Septembek  17,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


331 


THOMAS  S.  WARE, 

HALE  FARM  NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

I  have  pleasure  in  announcing  that  the 
NEW  BULB  CATALOGUE,  in  two  parts,  is 
now  ready,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  complete 
Bulb  Catalogue  ever  published— no  Hardy  or 
Forcing  Bulb  claiming  any  real  usefulness  is 
omitted ;  the  Catalogue  is  Illustrated  with 
several  iieyf  Engravings.  Copies  may  be  had 
upon  application. 

NARCISSUS    and    DAFFODILS, 

for  which  the  Tottenham  House  has  a  world- 
wide reputation  amongst  both  Trade  and  Ketail 
Buyers,  occupy  a  considerable  portion  of  this 
Catalogue — including  an  almost  innumerable 
nimiber  of  forms  from  the  old  popular  garden 
sorts  to  the  most  modern  hybrids,  as  well  as 
many  newly  discovered  varieties.  It  is  necessary 
that  Orders  for  these  should  reach  me  early, 
as  the  demand  is  very  great. 

LILIES. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remind  readers 
of  this  Journal  that  I  have  one  of  the  finest 
Collections  in  the  country,  and  this  portion  of  the 
Catalogue  will  be  found  of  special  interest  to  all 
who  delight  in  any  of  the  many  and  very  varied 
forms  of  this  interesting  family.  This  section  is 
embellished  with  many  high-class  Engravings, 
now  introduced  for  the  first  time;  and  these, 
although  naturally  much  reduced,  give  a  most 
correct  idea  of  the  style  both  of  growth  and 
flower,  of  the  Lilies  they  illustrate. 

DUTCH     BULBS 

have  not  been  neglected  in  this  New  Catalogue, 
and  most  complete  collections  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS.  &c.,  occupy  several  pages. 
All  the  varieties  offered  are  tried  sorts,  and  the 
prices  in  many  cases  unusually  low. 

FORCING     BULBS 

will  be  found  fully  detailed  at  competitive  prices, 
including  KOMAN  HYACINTHS,  PAPER 
WHITE  NARCISSUS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
SPIR^AS,  TUBEROSES,  &c. 

IRIS 

in  endless  variety.  Very  extensive  collections  of 

English,  Spanish,  Siberian,   German,  Japanese, 

and  other  forms  :  my  collection  of  these  is  very 
complete. 

CALIFORNIAN,      CAPE,      AND 
MEXICAN     BULBS. 

Very  extensive  Lists  of  these,  including 
CALOCHORTUS  and  CYCLOBOTHRA, 
AMARYLLIS,  MILLAS,  NERINES,  &c. 

HELLEBORES. 

A  very  grand  Collection,  in  many  showy  use- 
ful varieties.     All  fine  home-grown  stuff. 


Catalogue  may  he  had  gratuitously  and 
post-free  upon  application. 


Thomas  S.  Ware, 

HALE    FARM    NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,    LONDON. 


Kent,  the  Garden  of  England. 


.BUNYARD&CO. 


The  Old  Nurseries, 
MAIDSTONE,    KENT, 

Beg  to  call  attention  to  their  Superb  Stock  of 

400,000 

FRUIT  TREES  AND  BUSHES, 

which  emliraces 

800    Kinds    True    to    Name, 

remarkable  for  culture  and  extent. 

An  Inspection  is  Solicited.  There  are  fre- 
quent trains  by  South-Eastern  and  Chatham  and 
Dover  Railways  from  London ;  and  Barming 
Station,  on  the  latter,  is  in  the  great  Fruit  Tree 
Nursery. 

The  NEW  CATALOGUE— which 
is  fully  Illustrated  and  Descriptive — 
free  for  6  stamps;  Gratis  to  Purchasers. 


Tlio  Trees  are  traiued  iu  all  forms 
suitable  for  the  Market  Grower,  or 
for  Garden  Culture,  and  there  are 
thousands  of  Fruiting  Trees  in  stock, 
Cordons,  &c. 


There  are  also  40  Acres  of 

FORESTTREES,  CONIFERS,  EVERGREENS, 
AND  FLOWERING  STUFF; 

and  intending  Planters  wordd  find 
this  department  well  worth  their 
attention,  as  the  stuff  is  remarkable 
for  fibrous  roots.      Catalogues  gratis. 


ROSES  are  well  grown, 

and  both  Teas  and  H.P.'s  are  fully- 
ripened  and  well-rooted.  New  Listfree. 

Liberal  Terms  for  Carriage,  Package,  and 

Discount.     Distance  no  object. 

Established  1796. 


Now  ready,  in  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I..  Third  SmM,  .IAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.   EICHABDS,    41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


NEW         EDITION, 

Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR 

of 

GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Pnce  Sd.,  Post-free  3^d. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

London,  W.C. 


SATURDAY,   SEPTEMBER  17,  1887. 


CEORCE  BUNYARD  &  CO., 

MAIDSTONE,   KENT. 


A  MONTH  AT  THE  CAPE. 

CContinued  fioii  p.m.) 

T  THINK  the  most  valuable  information  I  got 
-■-  whilst  collecting  plants  in  South  Africa  was 
in  relation  to  bulbs.  As  a  rule,  the  bulbs  we 
grow  in  pots  are  only  partially  buried  in  the  soil, 
and  frequently  not  at  all,  the  bottom  of  the  bulbs 
resting  on  the  top  of  the  soil.  But  amongst  all 
those  I  saw  growing  wild  at  the  Cape,  the  only 
plant  I  found  with  its  bulbs  above  ground  was  Cyr- 
tanthus  obliquus.  All  the  others — amongst  them 
Scillas,  Albucas,  Vallotas,  Crinums,  Nerines, 
Hajmanthuses,  Buphanes,  Brunsvigias,  &c. — were 
buried  under  the  soil.  The  other  Cyrtanthi — and 
I  found  three  species  besides  the  above — were 
down  deep,  as  much  as  a  foot  sometimes,  beloW 
the  surface.  Digging  out  the  bulbs  was  very 
difficult,  e.specially  where  the  land  was  stony, 
the  bulb  often  being  wedged  under  large  stones. 
Except  the  Cyrtanthus  obliquus  all  the  other  bulbs 
were  well  buried,  I  had  previously  learnt  from 
experience  that  some  Criniuiis  are  happiest  when 
the  bulbs  are  buried  under  the  soil,  but  I  was 
not  prepared  to  find  that  instead  of  being  the 
exception,  burying  was  the  rule — so  far,  at  least, 
as  South  African  bulbs  were  concerned.  Irida--. 
ceous  plants,  such  as  Watsonias,  Gladioli,  Antho- 
lyzas,  and  Sparaxis,  are  a  long  way  down  below 
the  surface,  and  their  collection  on  stony  land, 
on  a  hot  day,  with  a  temperature  of  about  120° 
in  the  sun,  was  almost  too  great  a  task.  No 
doubt  the  bulbs  are  deep  in  the  soil  because  of 
the  periods  of  drought  they  have  sometimes  to 
withstand  in  the  growing  season.  I  have  seen 
the  rain  come  down  in  torrents  in  the  morning, 
then  it  would  clear  away,  the  sun  would  come 
out,  and  by  afternoon  everything  would  be  dry 
and  parched  again  and  the  dust  blow  in  clouds - 
so  soon  is  the  water  licked  up  or  drained  away  on 
the  high  lands.  Whether  the  plants  mentioned 
above  will  thrive  best  when  planted  deep  is  yet 
problematical,  but  we  are  trying  them  at  Kew 
this  year,  and  so  far  the  experiment  is  a  great 
success.  The  soil  at  the  Cape  is,  as  a  rule,  very 
sandy  and  open.^ Along  the  coast  at  Port  Eliza- 


332 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHBONICLE. 


[September  17,  1887. 


beth  the  hills  of  sand  were  covered  with  a  rich 
vegetation,  and  so  far  as  I  could  find  out  there 
was  nothing  but  pure  white  sand  for  several  feet 
down.  It  is  possible  to  account  for  the  depth  at 
which  most  bulbs  grow  there  by  pointing  out 
that  drought  on  the  one  hand  compels  the  plants 
to  get  down  deep  in  search  of  moisture,  whilst 
the  open  sandy  character  of  the  soil  allows  the 
heit  and  air  to  descend  to  the  bulbs  during  their 
resting  season  and  ripen  them.  AVe  may  get 
ihi^e  plants  to  grow  well  when  planted  deep,  but 
ci  1  we  ripen  the  bulbs  and  obtain  flowers  when 
th3y  are  so  low  down  ? 

I  I  Ihe  course  of  my  wanderings  among  the 
hill>  rnd  valleys  of  Grahamstown  and  neigh- 
hoj  1  1  met  with  many  interesting  garden  plants, 
mi  17  of  them  growing  under  conditions  which 
surprised  me,  and  opened  my  eyes  to  what  must 
be  mistaken  treatment  for  the  plants  in  our 
gardens. 

Cyrtanthus. — Of  this  beautiful  genus  I  collected 
bulbs  of  four  species,  viz.,  C.  obliquus,  C.  angusti- 
foliu5,  C.  coUinus,  and  C.  (Gastroneraa)  sanguineus. 
The  first  is  the  largest  of  all  known  species,  and  is 
remirkable  for  the  size  of  its  bulbs,  which  grow  in 
clusters  above  the  surface  of  the  ground.  On  the 
Peddie  Road,  to  the  north  of  Grahamstown,  this 
species  was  seen  in  great  abundance.  Miss  North 
painted  her  beautiful  picture  (No.  350)  there,  possibly 
from  the  magnificent  clump,  the  finest  we  could  see, 
which  Mr.  Galpin  and  I  dug  up  and  brought  home, 
and  which  is  now  growing  at  Kew.  Its  flowers 
are  in  large  pendent  heads  on  erect  flattened 
B:apes;  they  are  orange,  yellow,  and  green  in 
colour.  This  plant  grows  on  rocky  flats  in  a  sandy 
peat  and  in  full  sunshine,  nothing  taller  than 
itself  being  near.  In  March  it  was  in  full  growth, 
and  the  flowers  would  appear  about  June.  In  Eng- 
land this  plant  is  seldom  seen  or  heard  of  in  flower, 
but  it  must  be  a  magnificent  sight  when  bearing  its 
large,  richly-coloured  blossoms. 

C.  collinu^  is  much  smaller  than  the  above.  It  has 
narrow  leaves,  bulbs  the  size  of  pigeon's  eggs,  and  a 
8ca;)e  a  foot  or  more  long,  bearing  about  six  sub- 
ventricf  se  flowers  of  the  brightest  Poppy-scarlet. 
To  nici  t  with  this  rare  beauty  growing  amongst 
large  su  nes,  its  brilliant  flowers  sparkling  in  the  sun, 
was  a  great  delight.  We  gathered  every  bulb  we 
saw,  -it^ven  in  all,  and  these  took  two  of  us  over  an 
hour  to  get.  As  already  stated,  the  bulbs  of  this 
were  buried  6  inches  or  more  below  the  surface. 
There  were  no  leaves  on  the  plants  when  we  gathered 
them  in  flower. 

C.  angustifolius. — This  species  is  said  to  flower 
only  under  very  peculiar  circumstances.  Mr.  Galpin, 
who  knows  and  has  watched  for  years  the  most  in- 
teresting plants  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Grahams- 
town, informed  me  that  he  had  never  found  the 
flowers  of  this  Cyrtanthus  except  where  there  had 
been  a  fire  on  the  "veldt."  The  farmers  sometimes 
fire  the  grass  and  weeds  to  render  the  land  more 
ft;rtile,  and  to  clear  it,  and  if  the  Cyrtanthus  should 
happen  to  be  among  the  plants  on  the  piece  fired  it 
is  almost  certain  to  push  up  its  flower-spikes  a  few 
weeks  afterwards.  Mr.  Galpin  had  made  inquiries 
as  to  the  whereabouts  of  burnt  "veldt,  and"  took  me 
one  afternoon  to  search  where  a  fire  had  been.  Sure 
<^nough,  there  we  found  plenty  of  the  beautiful  glow- 
ing scarlet  flowers  standing  out  among  their  charred 
blackened  surroundings.  They  had  no  leaves,  and 
the  bulbs  were  buried  from  6  inches  to  1  foot  below 
the  surface.  Mr.  Galpin  suggested  that  certain  con- 
ditions favourable  to  the  flowering  of  these  plants 
were  only  obtainable  after  the  grass  had  been  burnt, 
the  fire-heat  itself  probably  being  one.  Here  is  a 
"  wrinkle  "  for  growers  of  Cape  bulbs,  but  how  to 
ti|rn  it  to  account  seems  "  a  poser."  I  heard  an 
amusing  story  in  connection  with  this  plant  which 
seems  worth  recording.  A  gentleman  from  Grahams- 
town had,  he  said,  recently  visited  Kew,  and  made 
inquiries  after  the  Cyrtanthi  grown  there.  On  being 
ftlinwn   the  p'aiitp,  and  h-arnipff  that  thev  did  not 


flower,  he  asked  for  a  bundle  of  straw,  which  he 
threw  over  them  and  set  on  fire.  Calling  at  Kew  a 
few  weeks  afterwards  he  found  the  plants  in  beau- 
tiful bloom.  I  had  to  go  to  Grahamstown  to  learn 
that  this  had  happened  at  Kew,  for  I  had  no  know- 
ledge of  this  remarkable  occurrence,  and  certainly  I 
ought  to  have  known  had  it  really  happened  ! 

C.  (Gastro7ie)}ia)saJif/ui7ieitslfonQd  in  a  wood  along 
the  Bufifalo  River,  near  East  London,  It  seems  to 
prefer  shade  and  moisture.  It  belongs  to  a  diflferent 
and  comparatively  easily-managed  section  of  the 
genus  from  the  three  above-mentioned  kinds. 

Sparaxis  pulcherrima  was  abundant  everywhere, 
and  in  some  parts  about  Grahamstown  and  King 
"William's  Town  we  mi-t  with  acres  and  acres  of  it ; 
very  few  were  in  flower,  but  its  long  grass-like  foli- 
age waved  about  in  the  wind,  and  1  could  easily 
imagine  what  a  glorious  picture  it  would  present 
when  bearing  its  tall,  arching  spikes  of  white,  pink, 
and  purplish  bells.  I  was  told  that  considerable 
variation  in  the  colour  of  the  flowers  occurred  among 
these  wild  plants  ;  of  course,  we  have  variety  among 
the  plants  grown  for  the  English  market  in  Scilly 
and  elsewhere,  but  this  is  the  supposed  result  of 
cultivation. 

H(?)7ianthiis. — This  genus  was  represented  by  three 
species  about  Grahamstown,  viz.,  H.  albiflos,  which 
is  common  under  bushes  in  rocky  places,  its  bulbs 
and  roots  being  covered  by  a  layer  of  leaf-mould ; 
II.  coccineus,  also  in  the  same  sort  of  place,  but  less 
plentiful ;  and  H.  sp.,  a  small  plant,  with  smooth, 
glaucous  leaves  not  more  than  3  inches  long,  and  an 
erect  scape  4  inches  high,  bearing  a  compact  head  of 
pale  flesh-coloured  flowers.  This  we  found  on  a 
wide  plain  near  a  small  lake  (there  called  Vlei)  on 
the  Peddie  Road.  It  may  possibly  prove  a  minor 
form  of  H.  carneus.  On  the  same  plain  the  withered 
flower-heads  of  Buphanes  and  Brunsvigias  were 
plentiful,  but  most  of  them  being  blown  free  by  the 
wind  it  was  impossible  to  find  the  builds  that  had 
produced  thera.  We  saw  no  signs  of  foliage,  and  the 
bulbs,  Mr.  Galpin  said,  were  buried  at  such  a  depth 
that  it  was  hard  work  getting  them  even  when  dis- 
covered. Near  this  place  I  saw  plants  of  the  pretty- 
fruited  Ochna  atropurpurea  {0.  multiflora),  which 
Mr.  B.  S.  Williams  distributed  a  few  years  ago. 
Apparently  this  interesting  plant  ought  to  be  grown 
in  a  sunny  greenhouse,  rather  than  in  a  stove  as 
recommended.  But  the  grandest  plant  I  saw 
there  was 

Erythrina  Humei,  the  dwarf  "  Kaffirbooni,"  of 
which  several  good  examples  are  now  in  flower  in 
the  Palm-house  at  Kew.  Unlike  E.  caffra,  which 
forms  a  tree  nearly  as  large  as  an  Oak,  this  species  is 
a  shrub  of  about  5  feet  in  height,  branching  freely, 
with  bright  green  foliage,  and  flowers  of  the  most 
brilliant  scarlet  colour.  As  a  greenhouse  plant  this 
Coral  tree  ought  to  become  a  general  favourite,  for 
it  is  evidently  easy  to  manage,  requires  only  warm 
greenhouse  treatment,  and  yields,  under  proper 
culture,  an  annual  display  of  its  dazzling  flowers. 
It  blooms  in  the  warmer  part  of  the  Temperate- 
house  at  Kew,  as  well  as  in  the  Palm-house.  E. 
caff'ra  is  common  enough  in  some  of  the  towns, 
where  it  forms  large  trees,  and  makes  a  magnificent 
show  when  covered  with  its  thousands  of  scarlet 
flower-spikes.  It  does  not  flower  until  it  gets  to  be 
a  tree  of  considerable  size. 

Tccoma  Mac/ccnU. — I  am  reminded  of  this  magnifi- 
cent plant  here,  because  the  flnest  example  I  saw 
of  it  was  growing  on  an  old  worn-out  Erythrina  tree. 
The  species  is  a  native  of  the  Transkei  region,  which 
is  north  of  Grahamstown,  and  it  is  now  oue  of  the 
commonest  of  climbers  in  the  town  gardens.  In 
the  Botanic  Gardens  at  Port  Elizabeth  it  grew  in  a 
great  mass,  towering  high  above  a  tall  fence,  and 
its  enormous  racemes — sheaves,  one  might  call  them 
— of  large  trumpet-shaped  rose-lilac  blossoms  were 
a  delightful  surprise  to  me.  I  do  not  think  this 
Tecoma  is  known  in  England,  and  if  it  can  be  made 
to  flower  here  as  abundantly  as  it  does  in  the  Cape 
gardens  it  will  make  a  sensation.  Tecomas  of  all 
kinds,  both  native  and  e.xotic.  were  there  in  great 
beauty,  but  none  of  thera  equalled  this  rosy-flowered 
native,      [For    further  particulars   r^^spoctip^   this 


Tecoma,  see  another  column.  Ed.].  Tecoma  capensis 
is  a  common  hedge  plant  all  over  the  Cape,  and  it 
makes  a  good  hedge,  too,  if  kept  clipped,  whilst  the 
bright  orange  Honevsuckle  flowers  are  borne  plen- 
tifully, and' look  very  fine.  In  the  bush  it  is  fre- 
quently met  with.  The  North  American  and  Japan- 
ese Tecomas  were  also  in  full  splendour  in  the 
gardens  at  the  time  of  my  visit.  IK.  Watson,  Kew. 
(To  be  continued.) 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


TECOMA   MACKENII. 

So  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  this  magnificent  South 
African  climber  is  practically  unknown  in  English 
gardens,  and  as  it  possesses  characters  such  as  are 
certain  to  make  it  popular  as  a  greenhouse  plant,  I 
set  down  here  what  I  know  about  it.  T.  Mackenii 
was  discovered  by  a  Mr.  A.  White  in  the  St.  John's 
Kiver  territory  about  twenty  years  ago,  and  culti- 
vated by  him  in  his  garden  there.  Mr.  McKen,  of 
Durban,  obtained  it  from  him  and  sent  it  home,  as 
he  did  many  more  new  species.  But  the  Tecoma 
does  not  appear  to  have  got  established  "  at  home," 
nor  can  I  find  who  is  the  authority  for  the  name  the 
plant  bears.  Specimens  of  it  in  the  Kew  herbarium 
are  unnamed,  although  there  since  1867.  In  1870  we 
received  seeds  of  it  from  Mr.  Tidniarsh,  of  Grahams- 
town, under  this  name,  but  as  the  plant  was  then 
unknown  no  particular  attention  was  paid  to  it. 
When  in  Grahamstown  last  winter  I  saw  magnificent 
specimens  of  it  in  flower ;  I  also  saw  it  at  Port 
Elizabeth  and  at  Cape  Town.  Apparently  it  is  a 
popular  garden  plant  at  the  Cape.  On  an  old  tree 
stump  at  the  corner  of  a  road  in  Grahamstown  there 
was  a  great  mass  of  this  Tecoma,  about  10  feet 
through  and  15  feet  liigh,  covered  with  immense 
racemes  of  large  trumpet-shaped  flowers,  quite  3  inclies 
long  and  broad,  and  of  the  brightest  rose-lilac  colour 
with  a  yellow  blotch  in  the  throat.  We  have  no 
Tecoma  like  this,  but  as  it  is  apperently  easily  grown 
in  a  greenhouse  there  is  no  reason  why  it  should  not 
All  as  large  a  place  under  glass  as  T.  radicans  and  T. 
grandiflora  do  out-of-doors. 

And  now  about  the  name  of  this  plant.  It  is,  as  I 
have  said,  known  at  the  Cape  as  T.  Mackenii,  and 
there  is  a  plant  at  Kew  which  has  borne  that  name 
since  1S79.  But  in  tlie  January  number  of  this 
year's  Bidlelin  of  the  Tuscan  Horticultural  Society 
there  occurs  a  figure  (a  very  bad  one)  of  this  plant, 
and  a  botanical  description  under  the  name  of  T. 
llicasoliana.  There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  its 
identity  with  T.  Mackenii,  Mr.  N.  E.  Brown  having 
seen  and  compared  the  specimens,  which  had  been 
grown  in  Italy.  M.  Bruant,  nurseryman,  of  Poitiers, 
distributed  the  same  thing  in  1885,  as  T.  rosea,  and 
Mr.  Bull  oft'ers  it  under  the  same  name  in  his  cata- 
logue of  1886.  He  says  : — "  T.  rosea,  a  remark- 
ably handsome  greenhouse  climber,  imported  from 
South  Africa.  It  has  opposite  pinnate  leaves,  and 
bears  magnificent  racemes,  3 — 4  feet  in  length,  of 
large  showy,  trumpet-shaped  flowers,  which  are  of  a 
rosy  lilac  colour."  Plants  from  Tidmarsh,  from 
Bruant,  and  from  Bull  are  in  the  Kew  collection, 
and  they  are  exactly  alike  in  every  point.  W.  W. 

Two  New  Haedt  Annuals  ;  Venidicm  hirsdtdm, 
Hare. ;    AND  V.  fogax,  Harvey* 

These  two  pretty  annuals,  which  were  received  at 
Kew  from  Continental  gardens  under  wrong  names, 
I  find,  upon  comparison  in  the  Kew  herbarium,  to 
belong  to  the  above-named  species.  Both  are  much 
branched  from  the  base,  free-flowering,  and  rather 
showy. 

V.  hirsutum  grows  to  10  or  12  inches  high,  and  is 
covered  on  the  stem,  leaves,  and  outer  involucral 
scales  with  rather  soft  jointed  hairs.  The  leaves  are 
lyrate-pinnatifid,  the  radical  ones  are  petiolate,  with 
large  broadly  elli|)tic-oblong,  deeply  lobed  terminal 
lobes,  the  petioles  scarcely  or  not  at  all  auricled  at 
the  base  ;  the  uppermost  leaves  are  very  much  smaUer 


Skptlmblr  17,  1887.] 


THE    GARDENEHS'     CHBONICLE. 


333 


and  sessile,  oblong-lanceolate,  pinnatilid.  Outer 
involucre  scales  herbaceous,  with  recurving  ovate 
tii)s,  inner  scales  membranous,  with  broad  rounded 
lips  tinted  with  purplish.  Heads  li — ]J  inch  in 
diameter,  bright  orange-yellow,  but  not  of  so  deep  a 
tint  as  in  V.  fugax,  disc  blackish.  This  plant  was 
received  at  Kew  as  V.  speciosum. 

V.f/tgax  attains  a  height  of  about  18  indies  under 
cultivation,  and  has  the  stem,  leaves,  and  outer  invo- 
lucral  .scales  clotlied  with  sliort  hairs.  Root-leaves 
petiokite,  elliptic,  obtuse,  sinuate,  or  lobed,  or  sub- 
ijTate,  the  petioles  sometimes  slightly  auricled  at  the 
base,  but  generally  without  auricles  ;  upper  leaves 
sessile,  sometimes  slightly  auricled  at  the  base,  entire 
or  slightly  sinuate-toothed,  some  of  those  towards 
the  base  of  the  stems  somewhat  pandurate.     Outfr 


fluence  of  moisture  and  a  rich  soil  upon  annuals  of 
such  dry  regions  as  the  Cape,  the  greater  amount  of 
branching  stouter  stems  and  larger  leaves  being  very 
striking  as  compared  with  South  African  wild  sjicci- 
mens.  iV.  E.  Brown. 

L.liLI.V   ELKG-VNS  (Rohh.f.)  INCANTANS,  U.  I'ttr. 

The  flowers  are  equal  to  the  largest  I  have  seen. 
I  have  before  me  five  on  one  inHorescence.  The 
long  and  rather  broad  sepals  ai.d  petals  are  of  a  dark 
n.iukeen  colour,  suftused  at  the  edges  with  a 
very  light  purple  shade.  I  cannot,  however,  say 
whether  this  last-mentioned  quality  may  not  be  an 
indication  of  fading.  The  lip  is  nearly  that  of  L;clia 
elegans  Houtteana,  but  with  antrorse  side-Iacinl;e  ; 
the  mid-lacinia  a  id  top  of  ih;  side-lacinia;  are  of  the 


73.  —  DKSDEOnilM    lAUMKHI. 


involucre  scales  with  herbaceous  linear-spathulate 
recurving  tips,  inner  scales  membranous  with  broadly 
rounded  pale  greenish  tips.  Flower-heads  l.V  inch 
in  diameter,  ray  bright  orange,  a  little  paler  beneath, 
disc  blackish.  This  plant  was  received  at  Kew  as 
V.  calendulaceum,  and  it  is  no  doubt  the  plant 
figured  under  that  name  in  liciMie  Hurticole,  1857, 
p.  123,  f.  53,  but  can  scarcely  be  the  V.  calendu- 
laceum of  Lcssing,  as  that  is  described  as  having  the 
leaves  white,  tomentose  beneath,  which  is  not  the 
case  in  this.  Allowing  for  difference  in  .size  due  to 
cultivfition  there  can,  I  think,  be  no  doubt,  whatevi'r, 
that  1  have  correctly  identified  this  with  V.  fugax, 
for  although  Harvey  describes  that  species  as  having 
the  rays  marked  with  black  spots  at  the  base,  no  such 
spots  are  discoverable  on  Drege's  specimen  in  the 
Kew  Herbarium,  named  by  Harvey  and  quoted  in  the 
Flnra  Capeiisis  as  forming  one  of  the  type  specimens, 
These  two  plants  are  excellent  examples  of  the  iu- 


durkest  ric'iest  purjile.  The  disc  between  the  side- 
lacinite  are  reddish,  the  remaining  parts  wiiite, 
partly  suffused  with  lightest  sulphur.  Column  green 
at  the  base,  white  and  purple. 

This  gorgeous  inflorescence  was  kindly  sent  me  by 
Mr.  ¥.  Sander  as  a  treasure  coming  from  Mr.  K.  II. 
Measures,  The  Woodlands,  Streatham,  the  owner  of 
Laelia  elegans  Measuresiana.  The  plant  is  grand. 
H.G.Eclih.f. 


Parasite  on  Tobacco  Plants.— In  a  report 

on  crop  experiments  in  the  Bombay  Presidency  for 
188(3,  it  is  stated  that  in  the  Southern  Manitha 
country  and  Deccan  a  Broom  Rape  (Orobanche) 
prevents  the  successful  gi-owth  of  Tobacco  except  at 
very  long  intervals.  A  crop  in  the  Bigapnr  district 
was  so  poor  as  not  to  pay  for  cutting,  on  land  which 
had  not  gi'own  Tobacco  for  seven  years.  There 
were,  it  is  said,  more  plants  of  the  parasite  than  of 
Tobacco. 


DENDKOBIUM    FAilMEllI. 

The  illustration  (fig.  73)  represents  a  fine  speci- 
men of  this  s])ecies  grown  by  Jlr.  Wills,  gardener  to 
Mrs.  Pearce,  The  Firs,  Bassett,  Southampton.  It 
grew  in  a  shallow  basket  of  9  inches  in  width  and 
lireadth,  and  produced,  at  the  last  time  of  flowering, 
forty  racemes  of  flowers.  This  species  partakes  of 
the  habit  of  U.  densiflorum,  and,  like  that  one,  is 
evergi'een.  The  stems,  which  are  clavate,  spring 
from  a  knob-like  base,  are  dee]dy  furrowed,  and 
quadrangular ;  from  two  to  lour  leathery  leaves 
spring  from  tlie  top  of  the  stem.  The  flowers  pos- 
sess ovate  obtuse  sepals  ;  the  lip  is  pale  yellow  and 
pubescent,  of  a  richer  yellow  in  the  centre,  and 
toothed  at  the  margin  ;  the  larger  petals  are  yellow- 
ish-white, sutt'used  with  faint  rose.  The  jdant 
blooms  in  April  and  May,  and  is  found  to  do  well 
under  the  treatment  found  suitable  for  D.  densi- 
florum.    It  is  a  native  of  northern  India. 


THE    HOP    PLANT    LOUSE.* 

The  author  has  been  for  several  years  carrying  on 
investigations  \vith  a  view  of  ascertaining  the  full 
annual  life-history  of  Phorodon  humuli,  and  especi- 
ally with  a  view  of  settling  the  hitherto  mooted 
'lUL'stion  as  to  its  winter  life.  The  importance  of 
the  inquiry,  both  from  the  economic  and  tlie  scien- 
tiric  sides,  is  self-evident.  The  Hop  crop,  in  all 
])arts  of  Europe  where  it  is  grown,  and  especially  in 
England,  annually  suffers  more  or  less  from  the 
ravages  of  this,  its  worst  insect  enemy,  and  in  some 
years  is  a  total  failure.  The  same  is  true  in  North 
America,  at  least  east  of  the  Ilocky  Mountains, 
and  last  year  the  injuries  of  this  Phorodon  in 
the  Hop  growing  regions  of  the  State  of 
New  York  were  so  great  that  many  Hop 
yards  were  abandoned  and  have  since  been 
liloughed  up,  while  but  10  per  cent,  of  an  average 
crop  was  harvested.  From  the  purely  scientific  side, 
entomologists,  notwithstanding  the  great  interest 
attaching  to^the  subject,  have  been  divided  in  opinion 
.u  to  the  identity,  or  specific  relationship,  of  the  Hop 
Phorodon,  and  one  that  occurs  on  Prunus,  while  the 
complete  annual  cycle  of  the  insect's  life  has  remained 
.1  mysten'.  After  full  and  satisfactory  investigations, 
I  am  satisfied  that,  contrary  to  the  prevailing  im- 
ju-ession  among  Hop-growers  and  previous  investi- 
ji^itors,  the  Hop  plant-louse  does  not  hibernate  under- 
ground on  the  roots  of  the  Hop  ;  nor  in,  on,  or  about 
anything  in  the  Hop-yard  ;  but  that,  upon  the  advent 
of  the  first  severe  frosts,  the  Hop  plant  and  the  Hop 
uirds  are  entirely  cleared  of  the  species  in  any  form. 
I  find  that  all  statements  to  the  contrary  in  America 
are  based  on  misapprehension  or  mistaken  identity 
of  species,  and  I  believe  (though  admitting  the  possi- 
bility of  variation  in  this  respect  in  milder  climates) 
that  the  same  will  be  found  to  hold  true  in 
England,  where  hybernation  on  the  Hop  root  has 
been  accepted  by  high  authority.  The  positive 
statements  made  about  eggs  being  laid  in  autumn, 
whether  on  roots  or  upon  the  bines  left  in  cutting,  or 
which  are  carted  away,  are  based  on  conjecture,  and 
have  been  blindly  copied  without  credit  by  one  writer 
from  anotlier — a  practice  too  common  among  second- 
hand writers  on  economic  entomology. 

The  conjectures  of  some  of  the  best  students  of 
aphidology,  that  Phorodon  humuli  had  a  form 
(malaheb,  Eonsc.)  living  on  Prunus,  and  that  there  is 
a  consequent  migration  from  one  plant  to  the  other,  I 
have  positively  proved  to  be  correct  by  direct  colo- 
nising from  Prunus  to  Humulus,  and  by  continuous 
rearing  from  the  original  stem-mother  hatched  from 
the  winter-egg. 

The  observations  have  been  made  on  growing 
plants,  and  in  vivaria  at  \yashington,  and  checked 
by  others  made  simultaneously  in  Hop  yards  at 
Kichfield  Springs,  N.Y.     An  incident  may  here  be 

*  T/ii  Problem  of  the  Hop  P! ant  Louse  (Phorodon  hitmnH, 
Sclirauk;,  in  Europe  and  America.  By  Professor  C.  V. 
Riley.  Fiill  abstract  of  a  paper  read  before  Section  D  of  the 
British  Association  for  the  Artvancempnt  of  Science,  Man- 
clu.'^tcr,  Sftptf'inber  li,  11^37. 


S§4 


mE  GJitDENt:ns'   crmoNicLR 


[Septfmuer  1?,  186?. 


recorded  as  illustrating  the  effect  of  meteorological 
extremes  upon  aphides.  The  extreme  heat  (over 
100^  F.)  and  dryness  of  Jul v  17  and  18  killed  every 
one  of  the  insects  under  observation  at  Washington, 
entirely  clearing  the  plants.  The  economic  bearing 
of  such  exceptional  phenomena,  as  also  of  the  biologic 
observations  made,  is  readily  understood. 

The  more  important  conclusions  from  the  studies 
60  far  made  are  thus  summed  up  in  a  paper  which  I 
had  the  honour  to  read  before  the  American  Associa- 
tion, at  its  recent  meeting  in  Xew  York  :  — 

1.  Phorodon  hurauli  hibernates  in  the  winter-egg 
state,  this  egg  being  fastened  to  the  twigs  (generally 
the  previous  years  growth)  of  dilTerent  varieties  and 
species  of  Prunus,  both  wild  and  cultivated.  The 
egg  is  dilTicult  to  detect  because  it  is  covered  with 
particles  which  resemble  the  bark  in  colour  and 
appearance.  It  is  generally  laid  singly,  and  when 
freed  from  disguising  particles  is  seen  to  be  ovoid,  and 
0.04  mm.  long. 

2.  The  annual  life-cycle  is  begun  upon  Prunus  by 
the  stem-mother,  which  hatches  from  this  winter 
egfi;.  This  stem-mother  is  stouter  than  tiie  indi- 
viduals of  any  of  the  other  generations,  with  the 
leg^,  antenme,  and  honey  tubes  relatively  shorter ; 
while  the  cornicles  between  the  antenni\i  are  sub- 
obsolete.  The  colour  is  uniform,  pale  green,  with 
bright  red  eyes  and  faintly  dusky  tarsi. 

3.  Three  parthenogenetic  generations  are  pro- 
duced upon  Prunus — the  second  at  once  distinguished 
by  its  more  elongate  form,  much  longer  members, 
distinct  cornicles,  and  markings  of  darker  green ; 
while  the  third,  or  typical  Malaheb  form  becomes 
Winged,  and  instinctively  abandons  the  Plum,  and 
migrates  to  the  Hop,  The  habit  of  moving  from 
plant  to  plant  after  giving  birth  to  an  individual, 
and  thus  scattering  the  germs  of  infection  on 
Humulus,  is  well  marked  in  this  winged  generation. 

4.  During  the  development  of  the  three  Plum- 
feeding  generations  the  Hop  is  always  free,  and 
subsequently,  until  the  return  migration,  the  Plum 
becomes  more  or  less  fully  free  from  infection  by  this 
species. 

6.  A  number  of  parthenogenetic,  wingless  genera- 
tions are  produced  on  the  Hop  (seven  or  the  tenth 
ffom  the  stem-mother  on  the  Plum  having  been  traced 
up  to  August  5,  and  advices  of  the  eleventh  up  to 
August  11)  having  been  recei\*ed  since  my  arrival  in 
England),  and  finally  there  is  a  return  migration  of 
winged  females  to  the  Plum  in  autumn.  The  wing- 
less Hop  generations  are  not  only  incapable  of 
migrating  to  the  Plum,  hut  do  not  thrive  upon  it 
when  artificially  transferred  thereto. 

6.  Exact  observations  are  not  yet  complete  as  to 
the  full  number  of  generations  produced  u])on  the 
Hop  before  the  winged  return  migrant  appears,  and 
another  month's  careful  watching  and  experiment  is 
needed  to  fill  this  hiatus  in  the  annual  cycle,  as  also 
to  ascertain  the  exact  number  of  generations  pro- 
duced In  autumn  on  the  Plum.  From  knowledge 
extant  and  previous  general  observation,  the  facts 
will  probably  prove  to  be  as  follows  :  — 

7.  The  eleventh  or  twelfth  generation  will  pro- 
dace  winged  females  (from  the  middle  to  the  end  of 
August),  which  will  deposit  their  young  upon  the 
Pluui  and  these  will  become  the  only  sexed  indi- 
viduals of  the  year,  the  male  winged  and  the  female 
wingless,  the  latter,  after  coition,  consigning  a  few 
impregnated  or  winter  eggs  to  the  twigs. 

8.  Up  to  August  5  the  first  females  on  Hops  wore 
still  alive  and  breeding,  having  existed  two  montlis. 
There  is  consequently  an  increasing  admixtur;  of 
generations  from  the  first  on  the  Hop  until  frost  over- 
takes the  species  in  all  conditions,  and  sweeps  from 
the  Hop  yard  all  individuals  alike,  perpetuating  in 
the  egg  state  those  only  wliich  reach  the  sexual 
condition  on  the  Plum. 

9.  Each  parnthenogenetic  female  is  capable  of  pro- 
ducing, on  an  average,  one  hundred  young  (the  stem- 
mother  probably  being  more  prolific)  at  the  rate  of 
one  to  BIX,  or  an  average  of  three  per  day,  under 
favourable  conditions.  Each  generation  begins  to 
breed  about  the  eighth  day  afier  birth,  so  that  the 
issue  from  a  single  individual  easily  runs  up,  in  the 


course  of  the  summer  to  trillions.  The  number  of 
leaves  (700  hills,  each  with  two  poles  and  two  bines) 
to  an  acre  of  Hops,  as  grown  in  thp  United  States, 
will  not,  on  the  average,  exceed  a  million  before  the 
period  of  blooming  or  burring;  so  that  the  issue 
from  a  single  stem-mother  may,  under  favouring  cir- 
cumstances, blight  hundreds  of  acres  in  the  course 
of  two  or  three  months. 

10.  While  meteorological  conditions  may  mate- 
rially affect  the  increase  and  power  for  injury  of  the 
species,  these  are  far  more  truly  pre-determined  and 
influenced  by  its  natural  enemies,  many  ot  which 
have  been  studied  and  will  be  described. 

11.  The  slight  colorational  ditlVrences,  as  also 
the  structural  differences,  including  the  variation  in 
the  cornicles  on  head  and  basal  joints  of  antenna% 
whether  upon  Plum  or  Hop,  are  peculiarities  of 
brood,  and  have  no  specific  importance  whatever, 

12.  The  exact  knowledge  thus  gained  simplifies 
the  protection  of  the  Hop  plant  from  Phorodon 
attack.  Preventive  measures  should  consist  in 
destroying  the  insect  on  the  Plum  in  early  spring 
where  the  cultivation  of  the  fruit  is  desired,  and  the 
extermination  of  the  wild  trees  in  the  woods  wherever 
the  Hop  interest  is  paramount ;  also  in  avoiding  the 
introduction  of  the  pest  into  new  Hop  countries  in 
the  egg-state  upon  Plum  cuttings  or  scions.  Direct 
treatment  is  simplified  by  the  fact  that  the  careful 
grower  is  independent  of  slovenly  neighbours,  infec- 
tion from  one  Hop  yard  to  another  not  taking  place. 

Experiments,  still  under  way,  have  sliown  that 
there  are  many  effective  remedies,  and  that  the 
ordinary  kerosene  emulsion  diluted  with  25  parts 
of  water  and  sprayed  with  the  cyclone  nozzle,  or 
a  soap  made  by  boiling  1  lb.  of  pure  potash  in  3 
pints  of  fish  oil  and  3  gallons  of  water,  and  this 
dissolved  in  8  gallons  of  water,  and  sprayed  in  the 
same  way,  are  thoroughly  effectual  remedies,  and 
leave  the  plant  uninjured.  The  former  costs  7o  cents, 
the  latter  30  cents  per  acre,  plus  the  time  of  two 
men  for  three  hours,  plus  appliances. 

The  object  of  further  experimentation  now  being 
carried  on,  is  to  simplify  and  reduce  the  cost  of  these 
last  to  a  minimum.  As  they  consist,  however,  essen- 
tially of  a  portable  tank,  and  a  force-pump  with  hose 
and  spraying  attachment,  which,  together,  need  not 
involve  a  greater  first  outlay  than  5  to  10  dollars, 
and  as  every  American  Hop  grower  can  afford  to 
axpend  the  larger  sum  for  the  protection  of  a  single 
acre,  there  is  no  longer  any  excuse  for  allowing  this 
pest  to  get  the  better  of  us. 

It  is  not  my  purpose,  however,  to  enter  into  aphidi- 
cide  details  in  this  communication,  which  I  will  con- 
clude by  brief  reference  to  the  bearings  of  these 
discoveries  in  America  on  the  problem  in  Great 
Britain.  The  most  comprehensive  and  satisfactory 
review  of  the  knowledge  possessed  on  the  sub- 
ject in  England  that  has  come  to  my  notice 
is  that  by  my  esteemed  friend  and  corre- 
spondent, Miss  Eleanor  A.  Omerod,  Consulting 
Entomologist  of  your  Royal  Agricultural  Society, 
in  her  "  Report  of  Observations  of  Injurious  Insects," 
&c,,  made  in  1885.  So  far  as  her  own  careful  ob- 
servations are  concerned,  they  fully  accord  with  the 
facts  here  set  forth;  but  on  the  authority  of  others, 
and  especially  on  the  evidence  of  Mr.  C.  Whitehead, 
who  reported  finding  young  lice  and  large  viviparous 
females  on  Hop  shoots  as  early  as  March  29,  and 
that  of  Mr.  A.  AVard,  who  experimented  with  surface 
dressings  near  Hereford,  Miss  Ormerod  concludes 
that  attack  on  the  Hop  begins  in  spring  from  Wing- 
less females,  which  come  up  from  the  Hop  hills,  and, 
as  a  corollary,  that  dressings  to  prevent  such  ascent 
are  strongly  to  be  recommended.  It  is  quite  within 
the  range  of  possibility,  and  what  is  known  of  aphid 
life,  that  where  the  winters  are  mild,  with  scarcely 
any  frost,  this  Phorodon  may  continue  on  the  Hop 
from  one  year  to  another  in  the  parthenogenetic  con- 
dition. If  .such  is  ever  the  case  in  England  you  have 
a  somewhat  different  set  of  facts  to  deal  with  here 
from  what  we  have  in  America ;  but  for  the  reasons 
already  stated  in  abstract,  from  many  other  detailed 
observations  which  it  wouhl  be  tedious  to  record 
here,  as  well  as  from  the  ease  with  wliich  erroneous 


conclusions  are  arrived  at  in  entomological  matters  of 
this  kind,  where  not  checked  and  proved  by  the  most 
competent  and  careful  study,  I  shall  be  inclined  to 
believe  that  the  fivcts  in  England  are  essentially  the 
same  as  I  have  found  them  in  America,  until  con- 
vincing and  trustworthy  evidence  to  the  contrary 
be  forthcoming.  Mr.  Whitehead  may  have  had 
another  species  under  observation,  and  Mr.  Ward's 
surface  dressings  may  have  acted  by  repelling 
the  winged  female  migrating  from  Prunus  in  the 
same  way  that  Buckwheat  sown  among  the  Hops 
is  believed  to  do  with  us. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 


LJOLIA  MONOniYLLA. 
This  remarkable  little  plant,  quite  unique  in  liabit 
and  general  appearance  amongst  Liclias,  is  now 
flowering  in  tlie  Kew  collection.  It  is  remarkable 
for  the  absence  of  pseudobulbs,  the  erect  stem  being 
about  the  thickness  of  a  crowquill ;  also  for  the 
dwarf  compact  habit  and  intense  cinnabar-orange 
flowers.  These  measure  2  inches  across,  and  are 
borne  singly  at  the  ajjex  of  tlie  peduncle,  the  colour 
being  uniform  throughout  tlie  flower,  except  that  the 
anther-case  is  purple,  and  the  lip  has  a  few  markings 
of  this  colour.  The  pseudobulb  often  bears  only  a 
single  leaf,  as  its  name  would  imply,  though  occa- 
sionally two  are  borne,  as  may  be  seen  on  the  Kew 
plant.  In  size  and  colour  the  jjlant  may  be  com- 
piired  with  Sophronitis  grandiHora,  though  the 
slender  erect  habit  is  very  different.  It  is  a  native 
of  the  mountains  of  Jamaica,  where  it  was  discovered 
by  the  late  Dr.  Bancroft  upwards  of  half  a  century 
ago,  and  communicated  to  Sir  William  Hooker.  It 
occurs  on  trees  at  an  elevation  of  3000 — 5000  feet 
above  sea  level.  It  was  called  Trigonidium  mono- 
phyllum  by  Grisebach  in  the  Fhraof  the  Brithh  West 
Indies,  tlien  referred  to  Octodesraia  by  Mr.  Bentham, 
and  finally  to  La;lia  by  Mr.  N.  E.  Brown.  From  the 
latter  genus  there  is  little  to  distinguish  it  except 
the  peculiar  habit.  A  figure  may  be  seen  at  t.  6683 
of  the  Botanical  Magaziiu;. 

ACINETA   BaBKERI. 

Two  plants  of  the  above  singular  and  handsome 
species  have  just  produced  their  remarkable  pen- 
dulous racemes  from  the  bottom  of  the  basket  in 
wliich  they  grow,  and  form  objects  of  considerable 
inteaest  in  the  Kew  collection.  Each  raceme  bears 
about  sixteen  to  twenty  flowers,  tlie  colour  being 
yellow,  with  numerous  small  brownish  spots.  It  was 
formerly  called  Peristeria,  and  was  figured  as  such 
by  Mr.  Batcman  in  his  Oir/iidacea;  of  Mexico  and 
Guatemala,  who  remarks  : — "  Tliis  fine  Peristeria  was 
discovered  in  one  of  those  dark  ravines  with  which 
the  neighbourhood  of  Xalapa  abounds  by  a  Mr.  John 
Koss,  who  has  lately  been  ransacking  the  Mexican 
flora." 

OnCIDIDM   LANCEiNUM, 

A  very  handsome  species,  and  one  of  the  best  of 
the  Oncidiums.  Its  large,  thick,  and  leathery  leaves, 
with  numerous  small  black  spots,  give  it  a  bold  and 
striking  appearance.  The  racemes  overtop  the  leaves 
and  bear  a  number  of  large  and  very  handsome 
flowers.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  equal  in  size,  the 
colour  being  a  dull  yellowish,  but  very  heavily  sjiotted 
and  marbled  with  brown.  The  basal  portion  of  the 
lip,  including  the  very  remarkable  flattened  callus, 
and  the  column  wings,  are  dark  violet-purjile,  the 
front  lobe  of  the  lip  being  lilac-purple.  The  base  of 
the  column  is  pale  yellow.  Altogether  the  arrange- 
ment of  colours  is  very  striking.  A  fine  plant  is 
now  flowering  at  Kew. 

'Masdevallia  iirEnofiT.vpnicA. 
This  is  a  little  gem,  of  wliich  a  plant  may  at 
the  present  time  be  seen  flowering  at  Kew.  1 
belongs  to  the  group  of  M.  Kstradtc,  which  it  much 
resembles.  The  flowers  are  solitary,  somewhat  cup- 
shaped,  the  colour  light  rosy-purple,  somewhat 
marbled  on  the  upper  sepal ;  the  segments  bearing 


SEPfEMBEn    i7,   i8S)._ 


THE    GAliDENt:iiS'     CMliONICLE. 


335 


slender  yellowish  tails,  which  invariably  turn  down- 
wards, givinfr  tlic  plant  a  very  graceful  appearance. 
Like  tlie  majority  of  its  allies,  the  plant  is  a-  native 
of  New  Granada. 

PlEUROTIIALLIS    TRIBCLGIDSS. 

Brick -red  flowers  are,  perhaps,  not  very  desirable 
among  Orcliids— tliat  is,  from  a  cultivator's  point  of 
view;  but,  desirable  or  not,  such  is  the  colour  of  tliis 
curious  little  plant,  of  which  a  specimen  may  now  be 
seen  at  Kew.  The  flowers  are  very  numerous,  if  that 
is  any  redeeming  feature,  but  being  very  small  and 
borne  at  the  base  of  the  leaves,  just  above  the  moss, 
they  are  not  very  conspicuous.  Indeed  tlie  wliole 
plant  can  hardly  be  called  conspicuous,  being  some- 
where about  2  inches  high,  though  it  is  certainly  a 
little  curiosity,  and  as  sucli  may  perhaps  find  a  place 
in  some  collections.  It  certainly  has  not  the  fault  of 
taking  up  too  much  room.  /i'.  A.  Ii. 

Cattleva  calummat.vx. 
A  plant  of  this  species  is  now  in  flower  in  the 
collection  of  C.  Dorman,  Esq.,  at  Sydenham.  It  is 
a  handsome  hybrid,  raised,  I  believe,  by  Jf.  Alfjed 
Bleu,  of  Paris,  by  crossing  C.  Aclandia;  and  C.  in- 
termedia. The  plant  has  been  figured  in  the  Orchid 
Album,  pi.  ICG,  whicli  figure  gives  the  sep.\l3  and 
petals  white  dotted  with  magenta  -  purple  spots, 
whereas  Mr.  Dorman 's  plant  has  flowers  the  sepals 
and  petals  of  which  are  spotted,  on  a  bufl'  ground, 
the  lip  being  of  a  rich  magenta-purple  colour. 

Co:\U'An:;TTiA  mackoplectron 
is  also  in  flower.  It  is  distinct,  and  is  welcome  at 
this  season.  The  Comparettias  are  not  so  much 
grown  in  ordinary  collections  of  Orchids  as  they 
should  be,  as  some  of  the  species  ai-e  very  beautiful, 
and  being  of  small  growth  take  up  but  little  space. 
They  are  best  grown  in  smiiU  baskets  or  pans  sus- 
pended from  the  roof  of  the  Cattleya-house.  The 
above  species  is,  perhaps,  the  handsomest  of  the 
genus.  It  seems  to  have  been  described  for  the  first 
time  in  the  Gardeners  Chronicle,  by  Dr.  Keichcnbach, 
under  the  name  of  C.  speciosa  (vol.  x.,  2nd  ser.,  p. 
624),  from  dried  specimens  sent  by  M.  Edward  Kla- 
boch.  Fresh  flowers  were  sent  the  following  season  to 
him  from  Messrs.  Low,  and  it  is  described  at  vol.  xi., 
2nd  ser.,  p.  398,  as  C.  macroplectron.  The  flowers 
on  Jlr.  Dorman 's  plant  are  of  a  lovely  rose  colour, 
spotted  with  deeper  rose. 

ODONTOOLossnM  Harrtancm. 
A  plant  of  this  is  growing  with  great  vigour  in 
Mr.  Dorman 's  collection  of  cool  Orchids,  one  plant 
showing  a  strong  spilie  of  flowers.  This  is  not  only 
proving  to  be  a  vigorous-growing  species,  but  it  is  also 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  Odonloglossums  introduced 
since  0.  crispum  found  its  way  into  English  gardens, 
I  saw  flowers  of  it  the  other  day  in  Messrs.  Veitch's 
nursery  at  Chelsea,  3}  inches  across,  of  a  rich  yellow 
colour,  the  sepals  and  petals  marked  with  purplish- 
maroon  lines  and  spots,  the  front  part  of  the  labellum 
rich  clear  yellow. 

C.VTTI.EYA   PORPHYROPHLEBIAX, 

a  recent  hybrid,  is  also  in  flower  in  Messrs.  Veitch's 
nursery.  It  is  a  cross  between  C.  intermedia  and 
C.  superba,  and  althougli  the  plants  have  all  been 
raised  from  one  pod  of  seeds,  there  are  varieties  with 
light  and  dork  leaves  and  bulbs  amongst  them,  and 
the  flowers  will  doubtless  vary  in  colour  like  the 
leaves.  The  variety  in  flower  was  very  striking,  the 
sepals  and  petals  pale  rosy-purple,  the  labellum  rich 
purple,  with  a  touch  of  crimson,  and  peculiarly 
crisped  and  wavy  at  the  margin. 

CVPRIPEDIUM   MACROPTERtTM  X  , 

a  cross  between  C.  superbiens  and  C.  Lowii,  in  the 
same  nursery,  has  produced  a  plant  quite  intermediate 
between  the  two.  There  is  the  dorsal  sepal  of 
C.  Lowii,  but  broader,  and  the  declinate  lateral 
sepals  are  spotted  chocolate  as  in  C.  superbiens. 
The  slipper  part  of  the  flower  is  quite  intermediate. 
J.D. 


OUR   NATIVE    FERNS. 

(ConUnmdfromp.ili.) 
Fern  Spores. — Amongst  the  ni.any  wonderful 
few  things  which  the  botanical  student  comes  across, 
probably  are  more  striking,  when  thoughtfully 
considered,  than  the  micro-scopical  spores  of  the  Cryp- 
togamia  or  flowerlcss  plants,  and  tlie  reproductive 
phenomena  which  they  present  for  his  observation. 

Ferns,  the  aristocracy  of  their  tribe,  aiford  the 
greatest  contrast  between  the  spore  and  its  results. 
Take,  for  instance,  the  largest  of  the  Tree  Ferns  : 
here  we  have  nothing  less  than  a  noble  stately  tree, 
possiijiy  100  feet  in  height,  with  a  huge  spreading 
crown  and  massive  trunk  in  proportion,  the  whole 
of  which  has  been  developed  from  a  microscopic 
spore,  invisible  to  the  naked  eye.  If  we  examine 
the  fronds  of  that  huge  tree,  we  shall  probably  find 
the  b.acks  entirely  covered  with  small  brown  patches, 
lines,  or  dots,  of  which  there  will  be  countless 
myriads  upon  a  single  frond  ;  yet,  notwithstanding 
their  number,  every  patch,  line,  or  dot  will,  under 
the  microscope,  resolve  itself  into,  not  merely  a  heap 
of  spores,  but  into  a  heap  of  hundreds  of  capsules  or 
pods,  each  of  which  in  its  turn,  though  itself  barely 
visible,  contains  som;  forty  or  fifty  spores.  Hence 
there  are  many  thousands  of  spores  in  every  patch, 
or  myriadsof  millions  on  every  frond,  every  individual 
of  which  is  capable  of  reproducing  the  pal'pnt  form 
in  all  its  luxuriant  and  stately  magnificence. 

To  bring  this  illustration  of  fecundity  home  to  the 
mind  the  writer  has  estimated  the  spores  upon  a 
single  frond  of  our  native  common  Polypody  (P. 
vulgare),and  found  that  one  of  the  subdivisions  of  the 
same  size  taken  from  a  Tree  Fern  would  yield  plants 
sufficient  to  form  a  wood  as  large  as  Epping  Forest. 
Every  frond  would  bear  hundreds  of  such  subdivisions, 
and  the  Tree  F'ern  would  probably  bear  thirty  to 
fu'ty  fronds  every  se.ison.  A  little  calculation, 
tlierefore,  will  show  that  really  inconceivable  numbers 
have  to  be  dealt  with.  Notwithstanding  this  mar- 
vellous fecundity  in  point  of  numbers  it  h.is  been 
demonstrated  that  it  does  not  end  here,  each  spore 
being  capable  of  producing,  under  certain  circum- 
stances, not  merely  one,  but  several  plants,  so  that 
there  is  practically  no  limits  to  the  reproductive 
powers  of  the  Fern  flimily. 

It  will  have  been  gathered  from  the  foregoing 
remarks  that  there  must  be  some  essential  differ- 
ence between  these  spores  and  the  seeds  produced  by 
flowering  pl.ants.  In  the  first  place  a  se.?d  is  the 
resulting  product  of  a  fertilised  flower,  and  when  sown 
the  immediate  oli'spring  is  a  plant  like  the  parent  and 
capable  of  producing  flowers  in  its  turn.  Place,  for 
instance,  a  JIustard  seed  in  the  ground,  and  very 
speedily  it  splits  open,  a  root  protrudes  and  pene- 
trates the  soil,  and  immediately  thereafter  two  little 
leaves  expand,  and  a  Mustard  plant  is  before  us 
■without  further  change.  The  Fern  spore,  how- 
ever, differs  by  not  being  the  product  of  fertilisation, 
nor  does  it  produce  directly  a  plant  anything  like  the 
parent,  but  another  kind  of  plant  altogether,  re- 
sembling a  small  green  scale.  Upon  this  scale  on  its 
under-surface  there  are  then  developed  certain  organs, 
akin  to  flowers  which,  in  this  second  generation, 
become  fertilised,  and  produce  a  bud,  or  we  may  call 
it,  perhaps,  an  attached  seed,  which  then  proceeds  to 
reproduce  what  we  recognise  as  a  Fern,  and  regard 
as  the  real  jiarent. 

This  small  green  scale,  which  is  termed  a  prothal- 
lus,  is  produced  from  the  spore  by  simple  generation 
of  cells,  the  first  of  which  emerges  from  the  spore, 
and  multiplies  itself  by  fission,  and  the  attendant 
formation  of  tiny  root-hairs,  by  which  due  nourish- 
ment is  obtained.  When  this  prothallus  attains  a 
small  heart-s'iape,  generally  about  a  quarter  of  an 
inch  in  diameter,  there  are  found  upon  its  under- 
surface  among  the  root-hairs  and  elsewhere,  many 
organs,  of  two  characters,  from  one  kind  of  which 
issue  in  due  course  numerous  minute  organisms,  re- 
sembling somewhat  microscopic  tadpoles,  which 
swim  about  actively  in  the  moisture  around  them, 
and  finally  fertilise  by  contact  the  other  kind  of 
organs  which  possess  a  germ-bud,  which  then  deve- 


lopes  and  completes  the  reproductive  cycle.  As  both 
these  organs  are  scattered  over  the  prothallus,  it  has 
been  found  that  division  of  the  prothallus  by  a  sharp 
knife  may  lead  to  the  production  of  a  corresponding 
number  of  centres  of  grcwt'i  and  resulting  plants, 
where.as  if  left  undivided  it  would  seem  that  all  the 
energy  of  the  prothallus  is  absorbed  by  some  one 
centre  which  obtains  predominance,  the  remainder 
perishing. 

We  gather,  then,  from  this  description  of  the  pheno- 
mena of  reproduction  :—l.  That  the  spore  must  be 
located  upon  a  congenial  surface,  so  that  when  it 
bursts  the  root-hairs  may  find  due  nourishment  for 
further  growth.  2.  That  when  the  prothallus  has 
developed  the  surroundings  must  permit  a  deposit  of 
moisture  upon  its  under  surface  ;  this  implies  a  tho- 
roughly moist  atmosphere. 

It  is  also  manifest  from  the  minuteness  of  all  the 
operations  that  disturbance  at  the  early  stages  would 
probably  be  fatal,  and  that  insect  life,  or,  indeed,  any 
life  at  all,  with  which  the  tiny  embryo  would  have  to 
contend  for  existence,  is  to  be  avoided.  AVith  these 
facts  in  mind.  let  us  see  how  to  proceed. 

How   TO    sow   THE    SPORES. 

Take  a  shallow,  ])orous,  red  earthenware  pan, 
about  3  inches  deep,  put  an  inch  of  broken  flower- 
pot in  the  bottom,  over  that  a  thin  layer  of  moss  or 
other  fibrous  mvterial,  then  fill  up  the  pan  with 
ordinary  Fern  compost  upon  the  top  of  which  scatter  , 
a  few  nodules  of  clay,  press  lightly  so  as  to  make 
fairly  flat.  Now  place  a  small  piece  of  paper  in  the 
centre,  upon  which  pour  gently  a  whole  kettleful  of 
biiliny  w.iter,  which  the  paper  will  prevent  from 
disturbing  the  soil.  Remove  the  paper,  place  a 
sheet  of  glass  over  the  pan,  and  let  it  cool.  We 
have  nowa  congenial  soil,  and  all  spores  of  fungi,  or 
eggs  of  insects,  are  killed,  thus  leaving  the  Fern 
spores  a  clear  field. 

Now  take  a  frond  bearing  ripe  spores,  i.e.,  speaking 
generally,  brown  ones,  and  lay  it  for  a  day  or  two 
between  tivo  sheets  of  white  paper  in  a  dry  place. 
We  shall  then  find  the  paper  stained  with  a  brownish 
dust.  This  dust  is  made  up  of  the  spores  and  their 
cases,  and  it  is  only  necessary  to  tap  this  sheet  gently 
over  the  prepared  pan  to  finish  the  op3ration.  Cover 
immediately  with  the  glass.  Make  a  note  of  your 
sowing,  species,  variety,  and  date  and  plice,  put  the 
pan  in  some  damp  shady  c  )rner  out  of  the  way, 
taking  the  precaution  that  worms  do  not  get  in  from 
below.  If  possible  forget  its  existence  for  about  three 
weeks,  when,  if  the  wo.at1ier  has  been  warm,  a  faint 
tr.ace  of  green  will  be  visible,  showing  the  spores 
have  begun  to  develope.  Very  soon  the  little  scales 
will  become  perceptible,  and  in  a  few  weeks  more 
the  whole  p.an  will  be  covered.  To  this  there 
succeeds  an  apparent  dormancy,  lasting  sometimes 
for  weeks :  the  reproductive  phenomena  already 
described  are,  however,  now  going  on,  and  the  next 
thing  will  be  the  sudden  appearance,  at  first  here 
and  there,  and  eventually  in  a  crowd,  of  the  first 
little  fronds  proper,  when  the  success  of  the  sowing 
may  be  recorded. 

Should,  however,  the  prothalli  cover,  as  is  probable, 
the  whole  of  the  p.an,  it  becomes  manifest  that  there 
will  soon  be  a  great  struggle  for  e.xistence,  as  the 
little  plants  require  elbow-room.  It  is  therefore  well 
at  this  stage  to  pre|)are  other  pans  in  the  way  indi- 
cated, and  with  a  pointed  knife  or  stick  pick  out 
small  patches,  about  the  size  of  Peas.  Insert  these 
carefully  in  the  soil,  just  so  that  they  adhere  to  it, 
and  about  an  inch  apart,  and  cover  again  with  glass; 
the  result  will  be  a  greatly  accelerated  growth. 

To  the  beginner's  gre.at  surprise,  it  is  most  likely 
that  instead  of  Ferns  appearing  as  per  his  register, 
other  species  altogether  may  predominate,  even  at 
first  to  the  entire  exclusion  of  those  he  looked  for  ; 
these  latter  will,  however,  probably  appear  later. 
This  is  owing  to  the  fact  that  some  varieties  whose 
spores  naturally  fly  about  and  settle  upon  all  the 
Ferns  around  them,  germinate  and  develope  much 
more  rapidly  than  others  ;  hence,  if  any  of  their 
spores  have  settled  upon  the  fronds  from  which  the 
sowing  was  made,  there  is  no  possibility  of  discrimi- 


336 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SKPTEJtBEH   17,  1887. 


iiating  tliem,  and  all  that  can  be  done  is  to  weed 
them  out  eventually,  should  they  threaten  to  choke 
out  the  sorts  especially  desired. 

Tlie  next,  and,  to  the  foiuioisseiir,  the  most  fasci- 
nating stage  of  Fern  propagation  by  spores,  is  the 
careful  search  through  the  resulting  crop  for  new  or 
improved  forms  among  the  rising  progeny  of  already 
splendid  varieties.  Here  and  theie  the  experienced 
eye  will  detect  some  unusual  or  esjiecially  promising 
feature  as  the  young  fronds  develop;  these  may 
either  be  marked  and  left  where  they  are,  or,  better 
still,  carefully  lifted  out,  and  placed  in  a  pan  re- 
served for  that  purpose.  By-and-by,  new  fronds 
arise,  which  perhaps  confirm,  perhaps  upset,  his 
expectations  ;  but  to  the  persistent  cultivator  every 
now  and  again  his  w.armest  hopes  are  more  than 
crowned,  and  he  has  the  proud  i)leasure  of  scoring 
another  success,  and  adding  one  more  gem  to  his 
and  others'  collections. 

The  best  time  for  sowing  Tern  spores  is  imme- 
diately they  are  ripe,  as  this  generally  gives  ample 
time  for  the  formation  of  the  pruthallus  before  the 
cold  weather  sets  in.  In  this  case,  though  they  will 
remain  at  a  standstill  during  the  winter  (unless  kept 
in  a  warm  house,  which  should  be  done  whenever 
practicable),  the  young  plants  will  appear  in  the 
spring,  and  have  the  whole  of  the  season  before  them 
for  development,  thus  saving  a  month  or  two. 

For  the  beginner  the  Lady  Fern  is  probably  the 
easiest  of  all  to  raise;  if  the  spores  of  tine  varieties 
are  available,  it  is  just  as  well  to  begin  with  good 
fjrms  as  inferior  ones.  The  male  Ferns  and  Scolo- 
dendriums  are  also  likely  to  yield  a  successful  crop, 
but  the  beginner  must  not  be  disheartened  by  a 
failure  or  two,  though  with  careful  following  of  the 
above  treatment  in  every  respect  success  should  be 
the  rule  and  not  the  exception.  Should  the  dormant 
period,  after  the  formation  of  the  prothallus  bo  very 
protracted,  a  gentle  watering  through  a  fine  rose 
with  warm  water  (70°  or  80°  F.)  will  speedily  bring 
matters  to  a  crisis,  and  lead  to  the  young  plants 
appearing. 

Should  fimgi  appear,  or  worms  get  in,  it  is  well  to 
prick  out  sound  patches  of  the  protlialli  at  once  into 
other  pans  prepared  as  already  indicated  ;  with  care 
this  can  be  done  at  any  stage  of  devcIo])ment. 

In  selecting  spores  for  sowing  not  only  should  the 
best  varieties  be  selected,  but  also  the  best  and  most 
characteristic  portions  of  the  fronds  should  be  sown 
from.  Thus  if  a  good  crested  form  is  in  question, 
and  heavier  cresting  aimed  at,  the  spores  should  be 
taken  from  the  heaviest  crest  itself  if  possible. 
Some  very  fine  and  constant  forms  have  been  raised 
from  spores  taken  from  plants  which  only  showed  a 
trace  of  variation  in  one  small  subdivision  of  a  frond, 
the  spores  upon  which  produced  plants  so  charac- 
terised throughout. 

As  it  is  very  diflicult  for  the  br-ginner  to  realise 
that  an  insignificant  looking  patch  of  spores,  no 
larger  than  a  small  pin's  head,  will  jiroduce  many 
more  plants  th.an  he  is  likely  to  be  able  to  accom- 
modate, a  word  of  warning  as  to  sowing  too  thickly 
will  not  be  amiss.  The  best  plan  is  to  put  a 
very  small  pinch  of  spore-dust  under  a  good  micro- 
scope, which  will  resolve  it  into  the  equivalent  of  a 
peck  or  so  of  fair-sized  seed,  and  thus  bring  home  to 
him  tangibly  the  extent  of  the  crop  he  is  likely 
to  reap. 

HvDBIDISATION'. 

Although,  owing  to  the  minute  nature  of  the  phe- 
nomena this  can  hardly  be  effected  systematically,  as 
with  the  flowering  plants,  yet  the  sowing  of  spores 
of  several  varieties  together  results  sufficiently  often 
in  oftspring  of  mixed  characteristics  to  show  that 
crossing  does  take  place.  This  fact,  therefore,  may 
be  borne  in  mind  with  advantage,  and  give  additional 
interest  to  this  method  of  propagation.  C,  T.  liriurii, 
F.L.S. 


The   Iufracombe    Disaster.  —  Among  the 

victims  in  the  s.id  disaster  at  Ilfracombe  was  Mr. 
Frederick  .T.  Cox,  ?on  of  Mrs.  .J.  C.  Cox,  of  Ely- 
water  House,  Chard,  and  articled  pn])il  to  Messrs. 
Cannell,  the  florists  of  Swanley.  The  body  of  the 
deceased  young  man  was  found  on  Saturday,  Sej)- 
tember  3,  and  was  interred  at  Chard  on  Wcdnesiday. 


MASSING  HARDY  PL.\NTS 
1-UR  EFFECT. 
In  response  to  the  editorial  suggestion  at  p.  280. 
permit  me  to  oft'er  a  few  remarks.  To  begin 
with,  I  think  that  a  very  small  proportion  of 
the  gardening  profession  know  what  is  to  be 
accomplished  with  hardy  plants  in  the  hands  of 
those  who  have  made  their  culture  and  arrangement 
a  chief  feature  of  their  study.  It  is  but  little  known, 
too,  what  wealth  of  floral  beauty  there  is  lying  in 
a  state  of  latency,  so  to  speak,  but  which  is 
only  waiting  with  patience  the  tide  of  fashion,  which, 
having  had  her  fill  of  the  gorgeous  formal  arrange- 
ment of  to-day,  must  eventually  give  place  to  the 
more  beautiful,  not  _to  say  natural  and  interesting, 
arrangements  of  to-morrow,  and  which  in  reality  is 
only  to  be  brought  about  by  a  judicious  arrange- 
ment of  choice  hardy  plants,  in  which  you  can  find 
something  of  interest  d.iy  by  day— something  to  cut 
from  week  by  week,  and  something,  too,  which  to  a 
very  great  extent  will  carpet  your  beds  and  borders 
for  the  greater  part  of  the  year.  But  let  us  see  if 
we  can  show  how  and  with  what  plants  such  an 
arrangement  may  be  made. 

Taking,   then,  a  variety  of  beds   situate   on   the 
lawn,   and  of  any  shape  you  please  ;    we  will   take 
the  dullest  time  of  the  year,  i.e.,  the  autumn  and 
winter — for    it    is     at    this     particular    time     that 
we    shall    feel   most    in  need    of  straining  our  re- 
sources to  the  utmost  in  order  to  bring  about  the 
desired     eflc'Ct.      Im.agine,     then,     th.at     the     beds 
are  all  vacant,  as  they  almost  all  invariably  are,  and 
we  m.tj-  start  as  we  please.     Avoiding  all  formality 
of    arrangement,    take    firstly    Stellaria    graminea 
aurea  and  plant  in  irregular  patches  here  and  there, 
and  in  close  proximity  to  these  patches  of  single  or 
double  Snowdrop.0,  so  that  these  may  pierce  through 
the  dwarf  cushion  of  the  former.     Then  take  Anten- 
naria  tomentosa  and    Ajuga  reptans   atropurpurea, 
and  dispose  hither  and  thither;  and  likewise  Iberis 
corifolia.    In  each  of  these  you  have  distinct  as  well 
as  ]iermanent  and  pleasing  foliage.    Then  again,  if 
these  prove  insufficient  in  variety  as  regards  dwarf 
subjects,  you  may  fall  back  on  such  things  as  Her- 
niaria  glabra,  Spergula  pilifera  aurea,  Veronica  Can- 
dida, Arabis  mollis  variegato,  Gentiana  acaulis,  the 
mossy  Saxifragas  in  variety,  not  forgetting  the  two 
best  of  them,  i.e.,  S.  mnscoides  atrojiurpurea  and  S. 
Wallacei   syn.    (Camposei),    Aubrietias    in   variety, 
Lysimachia    nummularia    aurea,  Asperula  odoiata, 
Cheiranthus     alpinus,     Silene     alpestris.     Thymus 
lanuginosus,  Teucrium  aureum,  Lithospermum  pros- 
tratum,    Mrs.    Sinkins    Pink    and    others.   Thrifts, 
alpine     Phloxes     in     charming    variety,    Veronica 
rupestris,  Acajna  microphylla,    Crucianella   stylosa, 
and  many  more.     In  these  there  is  great  variety  of 
foliage,  together  with  diversity  of  form,  and  sufficient 
for  the  margins  of  a  variety  of  beds.    But  we  must 
not    omit    the   ever    flowering    Violas,   with    their 
deep    green     tuft     and     flowers     of     pure     white, 
blue,  light  and  golden  yellows,  deep  violet,  and  purple, 
mauve,  and  other  v.arying  and  intermediate  shades 
of  each.  As  all-round  bedding  plants,  sogrcatly  varied, 
so   rich    and   elegant   in   tone,  so  easy  of    culture, 
and  so  bountiful   in  supply  of  bloom,  I  attach  the 
greatest  importance  to  those  plants.    I  can  testify 
from  years  of  close  attention  to  what  I  believe  to  be 
their  requirements   that   they   would,    if  gardeners 
would  only  take  them  properly  in  hand,  not  only 
minimise  their  labour,  which   in  many  cases   is  so 
sparsely   given,   but   that   they   would  beautify  the 
gardens  under  their  charge  to  a  greater  extent  than 
could  ever  be  dreamnt  of.     Take  for  example  a  bed 
of  standard  or  half-standard  Koses  of,  say,    Alfred 
Colomb,  or  any  other  good  dark  vai-iety,  and  plant  the 
surface  of  the  bed  with  Viola  Countess  of  Ilopetoun, 
agrand  pure  white  variety ;  or,  again,  a  bed  of  Gladioli, 
of  one  colour  or  mixed,  and  the  same  Viola  as  a  car- 
jiet ;  or,  again.  Lobelia  cardinalis  and  the  same  Viola  ; 
again,  a  bed  of  Ghent  Azaleas,  and  a  rich  dark  violet 
Viola,   and  Interspersed   among    the   Azaleas  some 
Lilium  candidum,  or  scarlet  Gladioli.  Any  or  all  such 
arrangements    as   these   would   give    a    lengthened 


displ.ay  :   would  prove  interesting  on  account  of  the 
successional  flowering  of  each,  and  I  feel  sure  needs 
only  the  start  to  be   made  to  be  appreciated  ever 
after.    Such  beds  as  these  may  with  very  little  trouble 
be   kept    clean   and   free    from    weeds,    and    would 
prove  an   untold    pleasure    to    both    the    gardener 
and    his    employer.     But    to     return     to     divarfer 
subjects  again.    This  time  a  few  bulbous  things,  as 
Crocus,  Tulip,  Winter  Aconite,  Anemone    blanda, 
A.   apennina,    A.    fulgens,  A.    coronaria,    A.    hor- 
tensis,   Chionodo.-ca  Lacili.-c,  Bulbocodium  vernum, 
Scillas,   Dog's-tooth    Violets,   Muscarias,  Trilliums, 
for  peaty,  shady  nooks ;  Iris  reticulata,  and  so  on  ; 
and  what  a  wealth  of  beauty  we  find  here,  with  suc- 
cessional flowering    week    after    week.      Take  the 
Anemones  alone— the  grandeur  of  their  flowers,  the 
diversity  of  colouring,  in  some  the  most  vivid  and 
fiery  of  scarlets,  with  others  of  blue,  purple,  mauve, 
white,   rose-pink ;   all  these,   and   more,   are  to   be 
found  in  A.  coronaria  varieties  alone  ;  and  as  X  write 
I  have  in  my  mind's  eye  that  lichly  stored  garden 
at  Belvoir,  where  these   and  many   others  may  be 
found  in  the  early  days  of  spring  in  perfection.    There 
are  also  Wood  Anemones,  single  and  double  white  ; 
and  that  exquisite  shade  of  sky-blue  known  as  A. 
Eobinsoniana.    Take  again  the  Snowflakes  (Leuco- 
jum)  and  Triteleias  in  blue  and  white  ;  and  I  think 
among  bulbous  plants  we  have  sufficient  variety  to 
m.ake  a  good  and  continuous  display  for  some  con- 
siderable time,  if  judiciously  disposed  .among  other 
plants,  whose  foliage  will  compensate  for  the  absence 
of  theirs.     But  I  would  not  willingly  omit  the  lovely 
Forget-me-Not,  which  is   always   welcome ;    or   the 
Christmas    Koses,     with    their    handsome   tufts    of 
leaves ;    or   the   charming  and  useful  variety  to  be 
found    in    Hepaticas,     to     say     nothing    of    single 
and  double  Primroses,  Polyanthuses,  and   scores  of 
others,  which  do  not  readily  occur  to  one  .at  the  exact 
moment  when  they  are  required.    In  those  I  have 
given  we  have  sufficient  variety  to  keep  u)i  a  good 
display  of  dwarf  flowering  plants  during  the  first  five 
months  of  the  year,  mtiny  continuing  much  longer. 

We  will  now  look  at  something  bolder  and  more 
suitable  for  the  centre  of  the  beds.  In  spring  and 
early  summer  few  plants  exceed  in  brightness  the 
gold-leaved  form  of  Si)irxa  nimaria;  it  is  very 
telling  and  eft'ective,  .and  likewise  durable.  So  also 
is  Symphytum  officinale  fol.  var. ;  and  here  and  there, 
though  not  in  too  great  a  quantity,  plants  of  Valeriana 
Phu  aurea.  Suppose,  for  instance,  you  had  a  centre 
plant  in  Yucca  gloriosa,  and  nestling  beneath  its 
rigid  tufts  some  Narcissi,  such  as  Emperor,  Golden 
Spur,  Sir  Watkin,  Sourius  in  variety,  or  even  the 
common  double  Daffodil— one  of  the  brightest  bits 
of  colour  still ;  or,  again,  your  centre  m.ay  be  occu- 
pied with  a  rustic  tree  stump,  with  Clematis  and 
Ivies  rambling  over  it  ad  lihitinn,  in  close  proximity 
such  Liliums  as  auratum,  the  several  forms  of  spe- 
ciosum,  tigi-inum  in  variety,  the  ever  welcome  can- 
didum, and  the  fiery  scarlet  flowers  of  chalcedonicum 
— not  all  these  in  the  same  bed,  of  course,  but  dis- 
tributed discreetly  throughout  the  whole.  And  then 
we  must  remember  the  bold  and  handsome  Holly- 
hocks and  Delphiniums,  each  with  towering  spikes 
of  flowers.  Bold  plants  of  pleasing  foliage  and  very 
ertective  are  also  found  in  Bocconia  cordata.  Pyre- 
thrum  uliginosum,  or  Helianthus  orgyalis ;  these  are 
grand  subjects  when  established,  and  are  always 
admired  for  their  beauty  and  grace.  Then  we  have 
Ferulas,  Funkias,  Acanthus,  which  Latter  equal  many 
of  the  fine-foliage  plants  of  our  stoves,  so  beautiful 
are  they.  The  Funkias  are  bold  and  very  hand- 
some, and  most  telling  in  masses.  Lenten  Koses, 
too,  are  effective  in  or  out  of  flower ;  and  near  such 
things  may  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  and  Narcissus  appear. 
An  excellent  plant,  too,  is  Genista  priccox,  and  a 
magnificent  plant  is  Gunnera  scabra,  though  perhaps 
better  suited  for  isolated  positions.  A  fine  bed  may 
be  formed  of  Clematis  .Tackmanni,  either  pegged 
down  or  festooned  over,  say,  an  oval  bed,  planting 
the  surface  of  the  bed  with  white  Violas  here  and 
there,  and  Ivy.  Acanthus,  Tritomas,  or  Pampas-grass 
in  the  centre ;  the  other  portion  of  the  bed  may  be 
lit  up  with  Chelone  barbata,  Iris  Kaimpferi,  Stenactis 


Septembkb  17,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDEXERS-     CHRONICLE. 


3.37. 


speciosa,  double  white  Rockets,  Pheasant's  Eye  Nar- 
cissus. We  have  not  yet  found  a  place  for  the 
gorgeous  Pioonies,  German  Iris,  Gaillardias,  Pyre- 
thrum,  the  Lychnises,  Michaelmas  Daisies,  Car- 
nations, summer  flowering  Ciirysanthemum,  the 
Sunflowers,  Doronicuni,  the  Megasea  section  of 
Saxifragas  with  their  broad  handsome  loaves  and 
towering  umbels  of  flowers;  English  and  Spanish 
Iris,  Lilium,  Doronicum  croceum,  Tigridias,  Prim- 
ula cashmiriana  and  japonica,  Sedum  spectabile : 
Senecio  pulcher,  Piilmonarias,  Euonynnis  in  variety, 
Olearia  Haastii,  Diplopa))pus  chrysophyllus,  a  very 
pleasing  bush  at  any  time  ;  Erythrochoete  palma- 
tifida,  the  dwaif  Thalictruras,  Veratrums,  Oriental 
Poppies  Day  Lilies  in  variety.  Columbines,  endless 
Campanulas,  and  scores  of  otiier  plants,  wliicli,  to 
give  in  detail,  would  occupy  too  much  space. 


in  our  great  army  of  hardy  plants  (I  speak  in  the 
broadest  sense)  we  have  the  richest  possible  store 
of  floral  wealth  and  beauty,  sufficient  indeed  to 
satisfy  the  most  fastidious,  and  worthy  the  apprecia- 
tion of  the  most  cultured  horticulturist  of  our  age. 
E,  Jenkins. 


BRITISH    ASSOCIATION. 

Aposporv  in  Ferss. — Professor  Bower  described 
peculiar  developments  on  a  plant  of  Trichomanes 
alata  from  the  Uoyal  Botanic  Garden  in  Edinburgh. 
Erom  the  tips  of  the  pinme  are  produced  flatteued 
outgrowths  of  an  apparently  prothalloid  character  ; 
these  produce  spindle-formed  gemmjc,  which  are  re- 
cognised as  corresponding  to  those  previously  de- 
scribed by  Cramer.    These   are  thus  shown  to  be 


Fia.   74. — SAXIFEAQA  CUSCrTIFOIiJIIS. 


In  conclusion,  I  wonder  who  would  object  to  a 
large  bed  thinly  planted  with  Eosa  rugosa,  with  its 
handsome  shining  and  verdant  foliage,  with  clusters 
of  Anemone  japonica  alba  here  and  there,  and  having 
a  partial  mai-gin  of  the  Snowdrop  Anemone,  A.  syl- 
vestris  ?  Alternate  with  the  clusters  of  Anemone 
japonica  alba  should  be  arranged  gi'oups  of  Lilium 
candidum,  and  to  succeed  these  Lilium  auratum  and 
L.  a.  platyphyllum.  These  with  the  margin  filled  up 
with  Viola  Countess  of  Hopetoun,  a  splendid  wliite, 
would  bring  up  the  flowering  till  late  autumn,  aud 
make  (well,  according  to  my  thinking)  a  splendid  bed. 
There  are  few  plants  possessing  tiie  sterling  qualities 
of  this  Rose,  for  it  is  handsome  in  foliage,  in  flower, 
or  in  fruit ;  and  it  is  a  matter  for  surprise  in  how  few 
gardens  it^is  found.  Still,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  tlie 
day  is  not  far  distant  when  this  and  scores  of  our 
best  hardy  plants  may  be  utilised  to  the  best  possible 
advantage,  and  figure  in   our  gardens  as  of  yore,  for 


genetically  connected  with  a  plant  of  Trichomanes. 
and  the  opinion  of  Cramer  is  tims  now  confirmed; 
but,  further,  if  the  flattened  outgrowth  on  which  they 
are  produced  be  truly  prothalloid  in  its  character, 
there  is  here  a  further  example  of  that  direct  transi- 
tion from  the  Fein  plant  to  the  prothallus  without 
the  intervention  of  the  spore,  which  has  been  de- 
scribed under  tlie  name  of  apospory. 

A  short  discussion  followed,  in  which  Professor 
Treub,  of  Java ;  Professor  De  Bary,  Professor  Bal- 
four, and  others  took  part.  Dr.  Bower  was  warmly 
complimented  on  the  interest  and  value  of  his  obser- 
vations, and  the  hope  was  expressed  that  he  would 
continue  them. 

Count  Solms-Laubach  (who  spoke  in  French) 
described  a  genus  of  fossil  plants,  Bennettites,  the 
type  of  a  new  group  between  Angiosperms  and  Gynmo- 
sperms.  The  plants  in  question  accord  with  the 
Cycades  in  their  vegetative  structure,  but  possess 


fruits  which  exhibit  the  true  structure  of  tlie  Gymno- 
sperms.  The  Section  was  addressed  (also  in  French) 
by  the  Marquis  de  Saporta,  Mr.  Tliiseltou  Dyer,  and 
other  gentlemen.  Count  Solms-Laubach  briefly 
replied. 

Papers  were  afterwards  read  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Oliver, 
"  Ou  the  presence  of  callus  plates  in  the  sieve-tubes., 
of  certain  gigantic  Laminarias ;"  by  Mr.  Thomas  Hick, 
"  On  the  physiology  of  some  Phaiophycea; ;  *'  by  Pro- 
fessor Pringsheim  (who  spoke  in  German),  "  Ou 
assimilation  and  the  evolution  of  ox}'gen  by  green 
plant  cells  ;  "  by  Dr.  J[.  Treub,  "  On  the  life-history 
of  Lycopods  ;  "  and  by  Professor  Hartog,  "  On  the 
morphology  of  some  Ciosalpineaj  and  the  value  of 
morphologicnl  criteria." 


SAXIFRAGA    CUSCUTIFORMIS. 

The  elegant  little  Saxifrage,  of  which  we  give  an, 
illustration  (fig.  74),  is  a  near  ally  of  the  well- 
known  S.  sarmentoea,  but  is  much  more  seldom 
seen.  In  habit  it  is  very  similar,  producing  slender 
runners  in  the  same  way  as  S.  sarmentosa,  but  the 
leaves  are  smaller  and  more  oblong  and  more  ele- 
gantly coloured,  being  beautifully  marked  with  a 
network  of  white  veins.  The  flower-stem  is  much 
shorter  than  that  of  S.  sarmentosa,  being  only  4 — 5 
inches  high,  and  bears  only  about  three  to  seven 
large  white  flowers,  which  have  all  the  petals  of  the 
same  size  and  not  unequal  as  in  S.  sarmentosa.  It 
is  supposed  to  have  been  introduced  from  China,  but 
there  are  no  native  specimens  in  the  Kew  Herbarium. 
Coloured  illustrations  of  the  plant  will  be  found  in 
Loddiges  Butanioal  Cabinet,  t.  186 ;  and  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine,  t.  2631.  For  our  figures  we  are 
indebted  to  Mr.  Davidson,  of  Wernoleu.  It  derives 
its  name  from  the  resemblance  of  the  slender 
runners  to  the  stems  of  the  Dodder.  N.  E.  Broivu. 


PANSIES. 


The  following  is  a  portion  of  a  paper  on  the  cuUi- 
viition  and  exhibition  of  Pansie.s,  read  by  Mr.  Jas. 
Bowie,  Wilderhaugh,  Galashiels,  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Waverley  Pansy  Society : — 

Cl'ttings.— In  the  first  place  I  would  venture  to 
give  my  opinion  as  regards  the  best  time  for  putting  in 
cuttings  of  these  plants.  As  a  rule  I  have  never  put 
in  any  before  the  second  week  in  September,  and 
have  never  failed  in  securing  nice  plants  by  the  time 
I  usually  transplanted  them  until  this  year,  in  so  far 
as  one  of  my  frames  contained  a  large  proportion  of 
cuttings  not  well  rooted,  owing,  I  believe,  to  the 
want  of  proper  drainage ;  however,  I  retained  these 
cuttings,  and  planted  them  out  in  an  odd  piece  of 
ground,  and  they  all  rooted  nicely,  although  not  in 
time  to  produce  blooms  in  June. 

Now,  as  to  the  best  part  of  the  plant  to  be  taken 
for  cuttings  :  I  believe  that  young  shoots  from  the 
root  are  the  best,  as  they  are  easily  rooted  compared 
with  side  shoots  or  old  stems.  I  have  taken  the 
main  stem  many  a  time  and  put  it  in  as  a  cutting, 
but  only  because  I  could  not  do  better,  and  in  almost 
every  case  I  have  failed  to  secure  blooms  suitable 
for  competition  ;  the  old  stems  having  exhausted 
their  flowering  powers,  could  not  produce  such  large 
blooms  as  shoots  that  have  never  bloomed. 

Having  given  my  opinion  on  the  best  way  of 
securing  good  healthy  plants  from  cuttings,  I 
now  go  on  to  say  a  few  words  on  the  best  sort  of 
compost  to  put  cuttings  into,  on  which  so  many 
differ.  I  have  never  altered  my  system,  which  I 
have  carried  on,  and  that  very  successfully,  for  a 
good  number  of  years.  I  first  take  out  of  my  frames 
all  the  soil  or  compost  which  I  used  the  year  previous, 
and  refill  them  with  new  compost  of  soil  and  sharp 
sand.  After  I  get  the  cuttings  in  I  put  on  the 
sashes  and  shade  for  a  few  days,  at  the  same  time 
giving  them  good  ventilation  ;  after  which  I  remove 
the  sashes  and  expose  the  cuttings  until  the  very  cold 
weather  sets  in,  when  I  replace  the  sashes  and  cover 
them  over  with  old  tarpauling  during  very  frosty 
weather.     There   is  another   very    important   fact  I 


338 


TEE    GARDENEBS'     CHUONICLE. 


[Septejibeh  17,  1887. 


would  like  to  mention  before  leaving  tliis  subject, 
that  is,  the  necessity  of  ascertaining  that  all  plants 
you  take  cuttings  from  are  in  a  healthy  condition. 
Otherwise  you  need  not  look  for  healthy  plants  from 
such  cuttings.  Four  or  five  years  ago  I  slipped  a  show 
Pansy  which  was  not  in  a  healthy  condition,  and 
until  now  1  have  never  got  a  true  bloom  upon  it. 

Transplanting  into  the  Open  G  hound. 

I  never  transplant  before  the  beginning  of  April,  as 
I  consider  the  cold  c.ist  winds  we  generally  experience 
in  March  are  very  injurious  to  young  plants,  and  that 
any  little  growth  tliey  may  make  by  being  planted 
out  earlier  than  April  had  better  be  made  whilst  they 
are  in  the  frames,  at  the  same  time  leaving  the  sashes 
oT;  the  plants  are  not  so  liable  to  be  injured  and 
checked  in  growth  after  being  planted  out.  Of 
course  tliose  who  are  in  the  habit  of  growing  their 
jdants  under  glass,  in  and  out  of  pots,  may  be  able  to 
postpone  planting  out  even  later  than  tlie  beginning 
of  April,  for  instance,  Messrs.  Dobbie  &  Co.,  of 
Kothesay,  say; — "As  to  the  best  time  for  transplant- 
ing, Pansv  growers  differ.  As  a  general  rule, 
eminent  Pansy  growers  are  of  opinion  tliat  the  eud 
of  April  is  the  best  time,  provided  that  the  weather 
is  previously  favourable  to  growth."  I  can  only  agree 
witli  these  remarks  so  far  as  to  say  that  it  may  be 
quite  soon  enough,  provided  the  plants  are  grown 
under  glass  until  they  are  required  for  competition, 
but  I  am  sure  most  growers  will  agree  with  me  that 
the  end  of  April  is  too  late  for  us  in  this  district  to 
plant  out  our  Pansies  in  order  to  have  blooms  in  time 
for  our  show  held  in  the  month  of  June.  I  would  never 
recommend  growing  Pansies  for  exhibition  under 
glass,  for,  so  far  as  my  experience  goes.  I  never  could 
get  size  of  bloom  or  liave  never  been  able  to  ward  off 
attacks  of  greenfly.  If  Pansy  growers  dift'er  in  regard 
to  time  for  transplanting  they  also  do  so  with  regard 
to  the  soil  or  compost  the  plants  are  put  into.  I 
have  tried  many  ways  of  growing  Pansies,  and  liave 
come  to  the  conciusiou  that  it  is  best  to  put  the 
plants  into  new  soil  with  a  good  proportion  of  old 
cow-manure  and  turf  mixed  into  it,  and  afford  extra 
nutriment  during  the  month  previous  to  sliow  day 
bv  giving  the  plants  three  or  four  waterings  with 
guano-water,  which  increases  the  growth  of  the 
shoots,  as  well  as  the  size  of  the  blooms.  I  would 
also  strongly  recommend  the  use  of  cocoa-flbre  for 
top-dressing,  as  it  keeps  the  ground  in  a  genial  state 
and  moist  during  hot  weather,  and  it  is  also  good  for 
keeping  the  blooms  clean  in  the  event  of  heavy 
showers.  The  next  thing  to  be  done  after  having 
your  ground  ready  for  receiving  the  plants  is  to  make 
the  selection  you  wish  to  transplant  out  of  the  frames. 

I  plant  at  9  inclies  apart  for  fancy  varieties,  and 

8  Indies  between  each  of  show  varieties,  and  allow 

9  inches  from  row  to  row.  In  making  my  selection, 
I  take  good  care  not  to  put  in  less  than  six  plants  of 
each  of  my  best  varieties.  In  this  way  you  can 
always  depend  on  having  blooms  when  wanted. 
■\Vhen  you  have  only  one  or  two  plants  of  each 
variety  in,  it  is  a  rare  thing  to  be  able  to  secure 
many  blooms  when  wanted  ;  and  how  many  of  us  put 
iu  plants  year  after  year  wliich  are  of  little  use  to  us 
when  show-day  comes  round  ?  I  believe  if  we  were 
to  be  more  particular  in  our  selection,  and  put  in 
half-a-dozen  plants  eacli  of,  say,  twenty-four  picked 
varieties  of  show,  and  tlie  same  of  fancy  Pansies,  we 
should  never  be  at  a  loss  for  blooms  when  wanted. 
As  a  rule,  we  are  too  apt  to  secure  as  many  of  the 
new  varieties  as  are  sent  out  from  year  to  year  as  we 
can  ;  but  how  many  new  sorts  are  sent  out  and  cata- 
logued with  glowing  descriptions,  which  are  not 
worth  tlie  space  they  occupy  in  the  garden?  The 
best  way  is  to  see  these  new  varieties  in  bloom 
before  purchasing,  and  after  all  they  do  not  turn  out 
so  good  as  the  blooms  we  have  seen  of  them. 

About  a  fortniglit  previous  to  show  day  I  take  off 
all  full  blown  blooms  and  allow  the  plants  to  have 
their  own  way  up  till  I  require  to  pull  the  blooms  for 
staging,  only  giving  them  perhaps  during  that  time 
a  couple  of  waterings  with  guano  water,  at  the  same 
time  looking  well  after  any  slugs  which  may  be  about 
the  plants,  for  which  I  cannot  find  any  other 
mei.ns     of    getting    rid    but     to     go     out     after 


dark   and   collect    them    into  a  vessel    tilled  with 
salt  water. 

I  gener.ally  shade  any  blooms  which  I  think 
are  likely  to  be  of  use  and  whicli  do  not  require 
to  be  any  longer  exposed  to  the  weather ;  I 
sometimes  use  a  tumbler  to  force  forward  an  occa- 
sional bloom  which  is  likely  to  be  of  use  to  me 
on  show-day,  although  I  do  not  believe  doing  so 
will  increase  the  size  o(  the  bloom.  The 
best  articles  I  have  found  yet  for  shading 
blooms  from  the  weather  are  small  jelly  glasses,  as 
the  heat  does  not  penetrate  them.  I  use  small 
stakes  about  l.ii  inches  long,  with  a  slit  in  one  end, 
so  as  to  allow  the  edge  of  the  article  for  shading  to 
get  in,  which  is  after  the  shape  of  a  teacup  minus 
the  handle.  I  have  tried  paper  covers,  also  flower- 
pots, but  find  these  glasses  preferable. 

The  last  point,  I  think,  required  to  be  mentioned,  is 
the  staging  of  blooms.  All  blooms  which  competitors 
think  worthy  of  being  placed  for  competition  should 
be  put  into  spare  stands,  after  which  take  your  prize 
list  and  select  the  lot  or  lots  you  should  like  to 
compete  in,  tlien  pick  out  your  best  blooms,  giving 
the  largest  and  best  first  place  in  your  stand  ;  and 
although  I  believe  this  is  generally  what  is  acted 
upon  by  most  competitors,  yet  I  have  seen  instances 
where  mistakes  were  made  even  by  doing  this,  and 
that  was  by  not  blending  the  colours  well  in  the 
stands — this  is  an  important  point  to  be  considered 
when  staging.  I  have  always  been  in  the  habit  of 
using  wooden  stands  painted  greeu  up  till  this  year, 
which  have  served  the  purpose  very  well,  but  seeing 
so  many  nice  ones  made  of  tin  coming  here  from 
time  to  time,  I  resolved  on  getting  a  case  containing 
eight  stands,  which  I  consider  an  iniijrovement  on 
the  wooden  ones,  and  more  easily  managed.  In 
cases  where  we  are  allowed  to  use  papers  iu  showing 
Pensies,  I  generally  use  such  made  oi  stiff  card,  2^ 
inches  in  diameter  for  fancy  Pansies,  and  21^  inches 
in  diameter  for  show  varieties,  with  a  small  hole  in 
the  centre  for  the  stem,  a  pin  being  inserted  through 
the  stem  at  the  back  to  hold  the  bloom  close  to  the 
card.  There  has  been  much  said  about  using  paper 
cards  (or  collars,  as  some  termtliem),  and  my  opinion 
is  that  papers  are  no  improvement  in  showing  the 
lighter  class  of  Pansies,  and  I  for  one  would  not  use 
them  if  it  were  possible  to  lay  and  stage  the  blooms 
equally  as  well  without  them. 

As  to  the  properties  of  Pansies  I  quite  agree  with 
what  Messrs.  Glenny,  of  London,  say.  The  following 
varieties  I  consider  good  useful  show  and  fancy  Pansies. 
Show  varieties  : — Rev.  J.  Morrison,  Alexander  Watt, 
Peter  Lyie,  Andrew  Miller,  dark  selfs  ;  Major-General 
Stewart  and  Lord  Salisbury,  blue  selfs  ;  Archibald 
RoUand,  Gomar,  .and  William  Crockart,  yellow  selfs  ; 
Miss  Annie  Dowey,  Mrs.  Gladstone,  and  Mrs.  Turn- 
bull,  white  selfs  ;  Miss  Roxburgh,  Mi.=s  Ritchie,  Mrs. 
J.  G.  Paul,  Jauo  Grieve,  and  Mr.  C.  .1.  S.  Arm- 
strong, white  grounds  ;  Thomas  Ritchie,  J.  15.  Robert- 
son, William  Robin,  David  Dalgleish,  and  L. 
Bullock,  yellow  grounds.  Fancy  varieties  ; — Pilrig, 
May  Tate,  William  Dick,  Mrs.  Joliu  Downie, 
Catherine  Agnes,  William  Cuthbertson,  Jlrs.  D. 
Paterson,  Evelyn  Bruce,  Kenneth  Brodie,  Charles 
Stansell,  Mrs.  G.  P.  Frame,  Miss  Janet  Orkney,  Mrs. 
P.  Lutz,  Princess  Beatrice,  Mrs.  Jamieson,  Mrs. 
Sword,  James  Lillie,  Donald  McBain,  George  Carlow, 
Edward  Caird,  Mrs.  John  Wylie,  Miss  Gordon,  Lord 
Rosebery  (Pattisou's),  and  Silverwing. 

1  add  for  the  benefit  of  our  readers  the  pro- 
perties which  should  be  iound  in  show  Pansies: — 
The  outline  should  be  a  perfect  circle,  and  free  from 
every  notch,  serrature,  or  unevenness,  the  petals 
lying  close  and  evenly  on  each  other.  The  petals 
should  be  thick,  and  of  a  rich  glossy,  velvety  appear- 
ance. In  all  two-coloured  flowers  the  ground  colour 
(of  whatever  shade)  should  be  perfectly  alike  in  all 
the  three  lower  petals,  and  should  be  circular,  and  of 
equal  width  between  the  blotch  and  the  belt  in  the 
three  lower  petals.  The  belt  or  margin  should  be 
exactly  the  same  shade  as  the  two  top  petals,  and 
whether  broad  or  narrow  should  be  of  equal  breadth 
throughout,  without  rushing  into  or  flushing  with 
ground  colour.     Tlie  blotch  sliould  be   dense    and 


solid,  and  of  circular  character,  free  from  all  run- 
ning into  or  through  the  ground  colour,  or  the  eye. 
The  eye  should  be  bright  gold  or  orange,  and  solid 
without  mixing  or  running  into  the  blotch,  and 
should  be  exactly  in  the  centre  of  the  bloom.  In 
size  the  larger  bloom  (other  properties  being  equal) 
should  be  the  better,  but  no  flower  should  be  con- 
sidered fit  for  competition  under  1^  inch  in 
diameter.  Selfs,  of  whatever  colour,  should  be  of 
the  same  shade  throughout,  in  yellow,  white,  blue, 
or  anv  other  shade,  the  denser  the  blotch  the  better. 


FLORISTS'  Flowers. 


THE  AMARYLLIS. 
At  p.  132  of  the  present  volume  I  wrote  of  these 
plants  as  being  in  vigorous  health.  A  change  has 
come  over  tliem  since  that  note  was  WTitten.  They 
are  now  in  the  resting  period;  water  is  entirely 
withheld  from  the  root,  and  the  ventilators  are  open 
night  and  day  to  their  full  extent,  imless  by  pulling 
down  the  lights  the  plants  should  be  exposed  to  rain, 
which  would  be  injurious.  After  such  a  very  hot, 
drying  season  as  we  have  had,  few  collections  will  be 
quite  free  fiom  insect  pests,  such  as  red-spider  or 
thrips.  These  insects  will  aid  very  much  in  the 
decay  of  the  leaves  ;  but  if  the  bulbs  are  hard  and 
well  ripened,  the  decay  of  the  leaves  a  little  before 
their  time  is  immaterial.  We  are  much  better  with- 
out them,  and  great  care  has  been  taken  to  keep  the 
leaves  quite  free  from  insects,  and  the  crown  of  the 
bulbs  from  bug.  Tlie  small  seedling  plants  do  not 
lose  their  leaves  during  the  winter,  and  they  must 
not  be  allowed  to  get  dusty  dry  like  the  old-esta- 
blished flowering  bulbs,  whether  they  be  seedlings  or 
named  varieties.  Our  flowering  bulbs  will  have  no 
water  whatever  until  a  month  after  they  are  re- 
repotted,  and  potting  time  is  from  the  beginning  to  the 
end  of  January.  It  is  as  well  not  to  let  the  tempera- 
ture fall  below  40°  as  a  minimum  when  the  bulbs 
are  at  rest. 

The  AnnicuLA. 

We  have  just  finished  repotting  our  flowering 
plants.  It  may  be  thought  by  some  growers  to  be 
rather  late  ;  but  we  are  in  good  company,  as  I  saw 
since  we  finished  ours  about  a  hundred  specimen 
plants  in  Mr.  Horner's  garden  not  yet  repotted  ;  and 
further,  I  can  add  that  the  best  fiowered  jilants  I 
ever  exhibited  were  repotted  so  late  as  October. 
The  plants  must  be  fully  exposed  to  light  and  air 
now,  and  receive  only  enough  water  to  keep  them 
from  flagging.  Over-vigorous  plants  have  a  tendency 
to  produce  their  flowers  in  October,  and  if  this 
takes  place  farewell  to  anything  like  correctly 
m.T.rked  pips  in  the  spring,  when  their  beauties 
would  be  most  appreciated.  Offsets  and  small  seed- 
ling pl.tuts  should  be  potted  on  as  they  require  it  at 
anv  season.  They  are  at  present  in  hand-lights,  &c., 
on  the  north  side  of  a  low  wall  or  fence  ;  but  after 
this  month  they  are  better  to  he  placed  in  a  more 
open  position,  to  prevent  their  damping  ort",  as  badly 
rooted  offsets  are  very  likely  to  do.  Remove  the 
pips  or  rather  flower-buds  from  all  flowering  plants, 
but  do  not  break  over  the  main  stem,  as  this  might 
rot  down  to  the  centre  of  the  plant  and  kill  it. 
J,  Douglas. 

PREVENTIBLE  LOSS  IN  AGEI- 
CULTURE. 
PiiOFESsoR  W.  FuEAM  read  a  paper  on  "  Pre- 
ventible  Loss  in  Agriculture  "  at  the  British  Asso- 
ciation, containing  much  that  is  equally  applicable 
to  horticulture,  to  forestry,  market  gardening,  and 
fruit  culture.     He  said  ; — 

Losses  iu  agriculture  may  be  classified  under  the 
two  heads  of  controllable  and  uncontrollable.  The 
uncontrollable  losses  are  chiefly  those  which  are 
determined  by  meterorological  conditions,  such  as 
excessive  rainfall,  excessive  drought,  severe  or  pro- 
tracted frost,  &c. ;  but  these,  if  they  cannot  be  anti- 


SEPTE>niEn  17,  1887.] 


THE     GA  FDEXEI?S'     Off  BOX!  CL  E. 


839 


oipateti,  may  to  some  extent  be  mitigated  by  acting 
upon  the  recorded  practice  which  has  been  found 
most  beneficial  in  similar  cases  of  previous  years. 
Hence  the  value  of  such  records.  Controllable  losses 
are  all  such  as  might  reasonably  be  anticipated,  and 
therefore  provided  against.  Being  controllable,  they 
are  in  a  very  high  degree,  though  perhaps  not  abso- 
lutely, preveutible.  The  toleration  of  such  pre- 
ventible  losses  may  be  attributed  partly  to  ignorance, 
partly  to  inditterence,  partly  to  empiricism.  As 
sources  of  preventible  loss,  the  following  may  be 
cited; — 

Firstly,  the  imperfect  working  of  tbe  soil,  fre- 
quently a  result  of  insufficient  capital,  and  a  common 
cause  of  poor  crops  in  the  immediate  future,  and  of 
worse  troubles  later  on. 

Secondly,  the  use  of  bad  seed.  No  greater  folly 
cau  be  conceived  than  that  of  introducing  upon 
the  land,  by  means  of  purchased  seeds,  the 
seeds  of  weeds  and  parasites.  There  is  no  official 
seed-control  in  this  country;  farmers  have  not  been 
educated  to  critically  examine  seeds  themselves,  and 
they  grudge  the  few  shillings  that  would  enable  them 
to  secure  a  trustwortliy  report.  The  most  objection- 
able rubbish  is  sometimes  sown,  and  heavy  expenses 
are  iu  consequence  subsequently  incurred. 

Thirdly,  the  encouragement  of  weeds.  Such  weeds 
as  Ciiarlock,  Red  Poppy,  Dock,  Spurrey,  Black  Bent, 
or  Hungerweed — to  mention  only  a  few — are  grown 
at  immense  cost  to  the  farmer.  These  weeds  rob 
him  just  as  much  as  a  pickpocket  does  who  steals  his 
purse.  His  object  is,  or  should  be,  to  concentrate  all 
the  capacities  of  the  soil  upon  the  production  of  use- 
ful crops — eveiy  weed  that  is  grown  detracts  from 
this  purpose.  Ignorance  of  the  properties  and 
affinities  of  weeds  is  just  as  deplorable.  Some — 
the  cruciferous  weeds,  for  example — harbour  and  en- 
courage insect  pests,  till  the  cruciferous  crop  they 
are  waiting  for  is  ready  to  be  devoured  and  destroyed 
by  them. 

Pourthly,  the  deterioration  of  grass  lands.  There 
are  iu  the  British  Isles  nearly  33  millions  of  acres  of 
permanent  or  temporary  gi-assland,  which  is  equiva- 
lent to  nearly  one  half,  or,  more  precisely,  to  three- 
sevenths  of  the  entire  area.  Yet,  as  to  the  nature  of 
the  herbage  growing  upon  this  enormous  area,  ninety- 
nine  farmers  out  of  a  hundred  are  absolutely  ignorant. 

Fifthly,  farm  pests.  The  maintenance  of  insect 
thieves  sometimes  constitutes  a  terribly  severe  drain 
upon  farming  capital.  Aphides  have  occasionally  de- 
stroyed the  Hop  crop.  Every  few  years  tlie  Turnip 
"  fly  "  comes  to  the  front  as  our  most  destructive  insect ; 
in  17S6  the  loss  it  occasioned  in  one  county  only 
(Devonshire)  was  estimated  at  £100,000;  in  188*1 
the  loss  in  Great  Britain  amounted  to  considerably 
over  half  a  million  sterling.  Leather-jackets,  wire- 
worms,  surface  caterpillars,  and  a  number  of  other 
insect  pests  may  any  year  sweep  away  the  whole  of 
the  profits  which  otherwise  would  accrue.  Yet  in  no 
part  of  his  education  is  the  farmer  [or  the  gardener] 
called  upon  to  familiarise  himself  with  the  habits 
and  life-histories  of  these  creatures.  Of  fungal  pests 
his  knowledge  is,  if  it  be  possible,  even  less. 

Sixthly,  diseases  of  live  stock.  Some  of  these, 
such  as  the  attack  of  the  ox-warble  fly,  which  alone 
involves  a  loss  to  the  farmers  of  this  country  of 
upwards  of  two  millions  of  pounds  sterlingper  annum, 
are  entirely  preventible.  Others  have  been  to  a  great 
extent  minimised  in  their  effects  by  the  operation  of 
the  Contagious  Diseases  (Animals)  Acts.  Others, 
again,  involving  most  serious  loss,  are  little  under- 
stood, and  further  investigation  is  urgently  needed. 

Seventhly,  the  purchase  of  artificial  fertilisers  and 
feeding  stuffs.  Injudicious  expenditure  uuder  this 
head  is  a  very  common  occurrence. 

As  remedies  for  these  preventible  losses,  and 
therefore  as  means  for  rendering  agriculture  a 
more  profitable  occupation,  two  obvious  courses 
suggest  themselves.  One  is  the  extension  through- 
out the  country  of  sound  technical  instruction  in 
agriculture ;  the  other  is  the  equipment  by  the 
nation  of  a  thoroughly  efficient  Department  of  Agri- 
culture. Technical  education,  besides  affording  an 
intelligible    scicntijic    basis    for  most    agricultural 


operations,  would  place  the  farmer  [gardener, 
market  gardener,  forester,  &c.  Ed.]  in  a  posi- 
tion to  anticipate,  and,  therefore,  to  prevent 
many  sources  of  loss,  the  effects  of  which  he  is  at 
present  in  a  position  only  to  deplore.  His  knowledge 
of  the  soil,  of  the  plant,  and  of  the  animal  should 
be  a  scientific  knowledge,  with  a  strong  bias  iu 
favour  of  its  utilisation  in  the  prosecution  of  the 
agricultural  art.  The  village  school  affords  an 
admirable  means  whereby  much  useful  instruction 
might  be  imparted  to  country  lads,  to  their  imme- 
diate intellectual  benefit  and  to  their  subsequent 
welfare.  Our  national  Department  of  Agriculture 
is  slowly  taking  unto  itself  some  of  the  functions 
which  it  should  have  assumed  long  ago,  though  the 
only  recent  departure  has  been  the  publication  of 
some  valuable  reports  upon  injurious  insects.  This 
woik,  and  its  useful  efforts  in  connection  with  the 
health  of  live  stock,  are,  however,  the  only  active 
operations  with  which  the  Department  can  fairly 
be  credited,  and  until  it  is  placed  under  the 
direction  of  a  responsible  Minister  its  pro- 
gress will  probably  continue  to  be  slow.  A 
properly  equipped  Department,  such  as  exists  in 
America  and  elsewhere,  could  do  much  to  stimulate 
agricultural  inquiry  and  to  promote  agricultural 
prosperity  in  this  country.  The  Depai'tment  could 
keep  agriculturists  well  insti  acted  upon  a  variety  of 
subjects,  respecting  which  information  is  now  ac- 
quired only  in  a  haphazard  manner.  Upon  statisti- 
cal matters  of  current  interest,  upon  impending  crop 
scourges,  upon  the  health  of  live  stock,  upon  the 
much-needed  reforms  in  dairy  practice,  it  could  and 
should  elaborate  and  disseminate  instruction  and 
advice,  and  it  would  thus  act  as  a  powerful  lever  in 
the  direction  of  better  technical  instruction  in  agri- 
culture. I  submit  that  improved  technical  agricul- 
tural instruction  on  the  one  hand,  and  an  efficient 
Department  of  Agriculture  on  the  other,  are  urgently 
needed.  Of  all  the  productive  arts,  agriculture 
[and  gardening  of  all  kinds]  is  in  this  country  the 
least  provided  for  as  regards  technical  education, 
and  it  is  a  reproach  to  us,  as  a  nation,  that  this 
should  be  so.  Obviously  the  question  before  us  is 
this  :  Is  British  agriculture,  already  by  pessimists 
regarded  as  a  moribund  industry,  really  to  be  left  to 
decay,  with  the  deplorable  but  inevitable  result  of 
crowding  the  rural  population  into  the  towns ;  or 
is  it  bv  a  wise  and  enlightened  policy  to  be  brought 
into  harmony  with  the  scientific  spirit  of  the  times, 
and  so  to  be  embarked  upon  a  new  era  of  profitable 
and  progressive  development?     Which  shall  it  be? 


Forestry. 


THE    HOME    NUKSERY. 

The  home  nursery  should  consist  of  a  piece  of 
ground  where  the  soil  is  of  varying  quality,  but  rich 
and  of  considerable  depth,  and  in  choosing  the  site  a 
good  deal  must  depend  on  the  general  elevation  and 
exposure  of  the  estate.  In  all  cases,  however,  the 
situation  should  neither  be  too  much  exposed  nor 
yet  sheltered,  but  partake  to  a  certain  extent  of 
both  ;  shelter  from  the  north  and  nort-east  is  desir- 
able, for  although  it  is  well  known  that  too  sudden  a 
change  from  low-lying  and  sheltered  ground  to  that 
at  high  altitudes  and  fully  exposed  frequently  proves 
fatal  to  young  trees  generally,  yet  tliis  should  not 
altogether  form  a  criterion  lor  rearing  such  situa- 
tions that  are  unfavourable  to  the  development  of 
strong  and  hardy  constitutioned  plants.  The  acre- 
age of  ground  required  for  a  home  nursery  will 
depend  entirely  on  the  extent  of  the  estate 
and  amount  of  planting  annually  engaged  in, 
but  speaking  widely  we  would  recommend  that 
not  less  than  from  6  to  10  acres  be  put  aside  for  this 
purpose,  and  it  is  also  well  to  add  a  little  more  than 
is  really  required,  so  that  instead  of  being  constantly 
under  forest  trees  the  breaks  and  borders  may 
undergo,  when  found  necessary,  a  course  of  green 
crops,  this  not  only  enriching  them,  but  giving  ample 
opportunity  for  cleaning  the  ground  and  so  leaving 
it  in  the  best  possible  condition  for  replanting  with 
seedlings  or  other  forest  trees.  Why  a  course  of 
green  crops  is  to  be  recommended  is  this,  that  farmyard 
manure,  or,  indeed,  almost  any  other  manure,  should, 
in  the  majority  of  cases  at  least,  be  applied  first  to  a 
gi-een  crop,  and  never,  with  few  exceptions,  directly 
to  the  plunts  themselves, 


As  the  present  time  Is,  perhaps,  preferable  to  any 
other  for  the  forming  and  stocking  of  a  home  nur- 
sery, detailed  Instructions  regarding  the  trenching 
and  laying  out  of  the  ground  will  be  opportune, 
Fencing  should  first  of  ail  be  attended  to,  and  this 
will  depend  so  much  on  local  circumstances  that  a 
recommendation  of  any  particular  kind  would  be 
rather  out  of  place.  It  may  be  stated,  however,  that 
where  stones  can  be  conveniently  procured,  a  wall  \i 
preferable  to  any  other  kind  offence  for  surrounding 
a  permanent  home  nursery,  and  although  the  first 
cost  of  such  an  erection  may  be  a  rather  serious 
item,  yet  its  durability  and  non-refractory  nature 
will  make  it  iu  the  long  run  the  most  inexpensive  of 
any  fence  that  can  be  erected  in  such  a  position. 
Having  fenced  in  the  allotted  space  of  land  intended 
fur  the  nursery,  the  ground  should  next  be  thoroughly 
trenched  to  the  full  depth  of  the  soil,  and  where  it  is 
found  necessary  the  application  of  a  quantity  of 
farmyard  manure,  vegetable  loam,  lime,  or  peaty 
compost,  as  the  case  may  require,  will  enrich  it  con- 
siderably. 

For  convenience  in  arranging  the  different  subjects 
the  ground  should  be  laid  out  into  broad  sections, 
these  being  either  square  or  rectangular  in  shape 
and  parallel  to  each  other.  The  breaks  or  sec- 
tions may  be  divided  by  different  kinds  of  hedges^ 
those  formed  of  Yew,  Holly,  Box,  Laurustinus,  and 
the  oval  leaved  Privet  being  preferable — which  when 
well  kept  and  pruned  regularly  twice  each  season, 
give  not  only  a  neat  and  tidy  appearance,  but  when 
of  large  size  are  of  great  value  for  shelter  purposes. 
A  narrow  path  should  be  formed  alongside  each  hedge, 
or  at  least  at  two  ends  of  each  border,  this  being  of 
great  convenience  for  wheeling  on  manure,  inspecting 
of  the  borders,  forming  the  fences,  &c.  Choose  the 
warmest  and  most  sheltered  site  for  the  seed-beds, 
and  if  such  is  not  present  naturally  artificial  shelter 
may  be  provided,  for  it  should  be  kept  in  mind  that 
exposure  of  the  young  plants  to  cold,  cutting  winds 
is  productive  of  unsatisfactory  results,  causing  the 
young  plants  to  become  stunted,  bark-bound,  and 
wholly  unfitted  for  profitable  planting. 

Planting  the  Brakes. — As  the  home  nursery  is  purely 
and  simply  but  a  place  in  which  trees  and  shrubs 
are  reared  up  until  in  a  state  fitted  for  planting  out, 
it  may  be  well  at  the  beginning  to  buy  the  kinds 
most  required — young  plants,  say,  two  years  seed- 
lings, one  year  transplanted,  just  to  make  a  start ; 
after  which  it  will  be  wise  policy  on  the  forester's 
part  to  propagate,  to  some  extent  at  least,  such  stock 
as  he  may  most  require.  For  our  own  part  we  think 
it  is  not  at  all  necessary  that  the  forester  should 
propagate  all,  or  nearly  all,  the  stuff  he  requires,  but 
simply  such  as  is  in  most  demand  for  planting  on  the 
estate  and  in  the  woodlands  over  which  he  is  in 
charge.  The  rarer  ornamental  kinds,  and  such  as 
are  constantly  required  in  the  formation  of  hedges, 
game  coverts,  and  shrubberies,  may  receive  first  and 
greatest  attention,  or,  in  other  words,  such  kinds  as 
would  be  too  expensive  to  buy  of  a  size  suitable  for 
immediate  planting. 

For  ornamental  and  covert  planting  the  Rhodo- 
dendron, Aucuba,  Laurel,  Privet,  Barberrry,  Holly, 
Yew,  and  the  various  Coniferous  trees,  may  be  pro- 
pagated in  quantity,  not,  of  course,  forgetting  the 
various  kinds  of  hardwoods,  always,  however,  remem- 
bering to  raise  in  greatest  quantity  what  is  most 
needed.  Rhododendrons  m.ay  be  raised  by  the 
thousand  by  sowing  the  seeds  on  beds  of  peat  shaded 
on  all  sides  from  sunshine,  and  facing  north  ;  while 
the  Yew,  Holly,  Barberry,  and  various  others,  are 
easily  enough  got  in  quantity  by  mixing  the  berries 
with  sand  for  a  year  or  so  previous  to  sowing  ;  the 
Privet,  Aucuba,  Laurel,  Box,  Laurustinns,  Weigela. 
and  hundreds  of  others  being  propagated  from  cut- 
tings inserted  in  sandy  soil  during  the  latter  end  of 
August  or  first  week  in  September.  Layering  is 
another  method  of  getting  up  in  quantity  and  iu  an 
incredibly  short  space  of  time,  numbers  of  shrubs, 
and  such  a  practice  cannot  be  too  highly  commended 
as  an  easy  and  inexpensive  method  of  increasing 
game  covert  shrubs  generally. 

Of  the  finer  and  rarer  coniferous  trees  many  kinds 
may  be  propagated  from  cuttings,  and  of  such  we 
would  make  particular  mention  of  the  Wellingtonia, 
Cupres6usofsorts,Thuiaoccidentalis,T.Vervaeneana, 
T.  plicata.  Athrotaxis  selaginoides,  Fitzroya  pata- 
ponica,  Cephalntaxus  of  kinds,  the  finer  Yews, 
Junipers,  &c.  ;  while  the  various  species  of  Pinus, 
Abies,  and  Picea  are  readily  enough  raised  from 
seeds,  which  are  now  jjroduced  in  fair  quantity  by 
old  trees  on  many  estates  in  this  country.  Grafting 
is  another  method  of  increasing  rare  plants— an 
operation  that  is  usually  peiformcd  in  early  spring. 
A.  D.  Webster,  EhjU. 


340 


77//:    (lAUDEyEus'    ciinoxicLi':. 


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mHE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE 

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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 

SALES 

First-eluss  Bulba  from  UoUaml,  at 

Stevens'  Rooms. 
Sale  of  the  Lease  and  Stoelc,  at  the 
MONDAY.  Si  PT,  111        Nursery,     Upton    Lniie,     Forest 

Gate,  by  Protheroe  &  Morris. 


vitisaiia.  [See  Gardcnurs'  Clirouwli;  l>^00,  pp.  108, 
G87.  The  earliest  notice  being  in  a  Notice  to  Cor- 
responJcnt.s  on  June  10,  1863,  p.  584.] 

It  is  an  ascertained  fact  tliat  this  insect,  under  i'.s 
present  name.  Phylloxera  vastatri.x,  migrates  from 
the  leaf  of  the  Vine  to  its  roots;  and  cliiefly  it  is  in 
this  form  that  incalculable  injury  is  done. 

The  late  M.Jules  Lichtenstein,  of  Jlontpelier,  paid 
particular  attention  to  this  group,  and  he  thought 
that  several  aphides  of  the  lower  tyjies  habitually 
migrated  from  the  plant  of  one  genus  to  the  plant 
of  another  genus  in  the  process  of  its  development. 

Hence  probably  the  fears  of  some,  that  the  Phyl- 
lo.tera  of  the  Oak  in  this  countiy  might  get  into  our 
graperies,  and  there  prove  it.self  identical  with  1'. 
vastatrix  of  the  Continent.  A  few  remarks  may 
suffice  to  show  that  these  two  species  are  ditferent, 
and,  so  far  as  observation  yet  goes,  that  their  habits 
also  are  quite  different. 

The  genus  Phylloxera  was  formed  in  18.34  by  Boycr 
di'  Fons-colomlie  to  receive  the  then  unique  Oak 
aiilii.s,  commonly  found  over  the  greater  part  of 
iMuope.  and  now  known  as  Phylloxera  quercus. 
Other  Contiueutal  species  have  been  added  of  late 


Great  \  i 

I     Tratli'. 

theW. 


WEDNESDAY, 


THURSDAY. 


i  Important  Sale 


I  Protheroe  &Morr 


IMablished    Oreliiils. 
lir.   Ward,   South- 
-li  \rns'  Rooms. 
.  I  1  lotheroe  &  Morris' 


of   Vanda  Saiider- 
„.  and  other  Orchids,  at  I'rcf- 

(      theroe  &  Morris'  PvOoms. 

(First-class  Bulbs,  from  Holland,  at 

I     Stevens'  Rooms. 

'j  Dutch  Rnlbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Jforris' 

'      Rooms. 


Muiii  attention  has  of  lute  years 
Phylloxera  -^^^^  -^  ^^  ^^^^^  insects  as  do 
cf    the    0.ik.        .    .        '^^  „   ,  ,  J  c      -4 

injury  to  our  held  crops  and  iruits, 

and  the  appearance  of  any  new  pest  in  quantity 
draws  us  to  a  study  of  their  economy,  partly 
perhaps  from  the  somewhat  low  ground  of  its 
utility.  Doubtless  "forewarned  is  forearmed," 
and  the  study  of  a  foe's  mode  of  life  may  assist 
us  to  neutralise  his  attacks.  An  instance  of  this 
is  afforded  in  the  history  of  the  Hop  Louse,  as 
given  by  Prof.  Rii  KV  in  another  column  of  this 
issue. 

A  quite  unfounded  alarm  seems  also  to  have 
arisen  in  some  parts  of  this  country  and  elsewhere 
from  the  appearance  of  numerous  insects  under  the 
leaves  of  the  Oak  which  have  a  considerable  re- 
semblance, and  indeed  belong  to  the  same  genus 
as  the  terrible  Vine  pest,  which  has  so  long 
baffled  the  efforts  of  our  economists  abroad  to 
destroy.  Such  an  alarm  would  only  confirm 
foreign  and  colonial  Governments  in  their  stupid 
and  futile  Phylloxera  regulations.  Under  these 
circumstances  we  applied  to  Mr.  Buckton,  our 
leading  authority  on  the  subject  of  aphides,  and 
whose  excellent  monograph  on  these  creatures, 
published  by  the  Kay  Society,  is  the  standard 
work  on  the  subject.  Mr.  BuCKTOX,  in  re.tponsp, 
obligingly  writes : — 

The  Gardeners'  Chronicle,  in  1869,  did  good  service 
in  first  making  known  to  entomologists,  through  Pro- 
fessor Wi.:sTWOOD,  the  imm.tttire  form  of  this  Grape 
insect,    under  the    provisiunal    name    of  IViytinibia 


Fl'..   75.— eUVLLOXERA  ' 


years  to  tliis  genus,  but  only  two  of  these  feeding  on 
the  Oak  can  be  certainly  considered  British.  They 
are  often  periodical  in  their  occurrence— some  years 
being  very  plentiful,  and  at  other  times  hardly  to 
be  met  with.  The  tannic  acid  contained  in  the 
leaf  and  bark  of  the  Oak  does  not  seem  to  be  dis- 
tasteful to  insects.  At  least  eight  species  of  aphis 
attack  this  tree ;  however,  none  of  these  appear  to 
inflict  any  considerable  injury.  The  larger  insects 
are  not  numerous,  and  the  smaller  kinds  do  not 
appear  to  poison  the  leaves  by  their  punctures,  as  is 
undoubtedly  the  habit  of  several  other  kinds  of 
aphides. 

Briefly,  the  aphides  of  the  Oak  may  be  uamed  and 
recognised  as  follows : — 

Stomaphis  quercus,  to  feed,  thrusts  its  proboscis 
of  more  than  twice  the  length  of  its  body  into  the 
bark. 

Dryobius  roborisand  D.  croaticus  are  large  insects, 
and  furnisli  deep  red  stains  when  crushed  between 
the  fingers. 

Calliptcrus  quercus  and  C.  c|uercea  are  very 
common ;  they  are  of  a  pale  green  colour,  and 
slender:  the  winged  forms  are  light  and  elegant; 
they  live  in  companies  of  from  three  to  five  under 
the  Oak  leaves. 

Thelaxes  dryophila  is  less  common.  Tlie  stem- 
mother  is    olive-brown,  and  n-arly  ciroul.vr.      Tliis 


genus  may  be  distinguished  from  others  by  the  pecu- 
liar character  of  the  wing-veining. 

At  least  five  species  of  Phylloxera  attack  the  Oak 
ill  France,  but  two  only  of  these  insects  are  common 
in  England,  viz..  Phylloxera  quercus  and  P.  punctata. 
They  may  be  sep.arated  Irom  each  other  in  a  general 
way  thus : — 

Phylloxera  quercus  may  be  distinguished  by  the 
numerous  spines  or  tubercles  on  tlie  body  of  the 
apterous  female. 

P.  punctata,  on  the  other  hand,  is  smooth  on  the 
body;  and  the  adult  undeveloped  female  usually 
shows  a  number  of  red  spots  on  the  back.  Lichten- 
stein describes  also  minute  difl'erences  in  the  spinous 
processes  of  the  antenna?. 

Tliese  insects,  like  other  aphides,  pass  through 
numerous  births  before  they  attain  their  maturity. 
Singularly,  at  the  close  of  their  cycle  of  life  they 
show  a  marked  degeneratiou  in  form,  and  seem 
to  forget  all  other  calls  of  Nature  except  those 
of  provision  for  a  future  progeny.  The  fully 
developed  males  and  females  are  destitute  of  a  pro- 
boscis and  mouth-parts,  and  consequently  they  can 
neither  eat  nor  grow.  Polygamy  is  practised,  as  in 
some  other  degraded  tribes.  The  female  may  be 
looked  upon  as  little  more  than  a  peripatetic  bag, 
the  office  of  which  is  to  deposit  the  single  gigantic 
egg  which  she  elaborates  in  such  a  spot  of  Oak 
bark  as  will  protect  it  till  it  excludes  the  stem- 
mother,  which  commences  a  fresh  cycle  in  the 
ensuing  spring. 

A  short  time  since,  some  leaves  infested  by  Phyl- 
loxera were  sent  to  the  writer  by  Air.  SlacLachlan. 
They  were  gathered  early  in  August  in  a  garden  at 
Ealing.  [The  insect  attacked  some  young  seedling 
Oaks  that  had  been  pinched  in  at  the  tops  to  form  an 
edging;  other  Oaks  in  the  immediate  vicinity  did 
not  appear  to  be  aftected].  An  examination 
confirmed  Mr.  MacEachlan's  diagnosis,  that  the 
yellow  patches  of  insects  consisted  of  Pliylloxera 
jiunctata,  a  species  perhaps  as  common  in  Britain 
as  P.  quercus.  The  seat  of  the  attack  of  Phylloxera 
quercus  is  usually  marked  by  a  bright  yellow  spot 
on  the  leaf. 

The  eggs  are  smooth  and  shining  just  after  exclu- 
sion ;  but  they  speedily  lose  their  shape  from  the  very 
rapid  development  of  the  young  creatures  within. 
They  often  occur  thousands  upon  thousands,  and 
a  collection  appears  to  the  naked  eye  like  minute 
specks  of  honey.  Often  a  minute  Syrphus  or  a 
Scymnus-larva  mtty  be  seen  destroying  these  eggs 
with  voracity.  The  immature  winged  females  are 
less  plentiful  than  the  wingless ;  they  have  dark 
brown  heads  and  thoraces.  Their  wings  are  rounded 
at  the  tips,  and  as  to  the  upper  pair  they  have  only 
three  unforked  veins  or  nerves,  whilst  the  under  pair 
has  but  one  vein  on  each. 

The  Vine  Phylloxera  has  been  so  often  described 
that  nothing  need  here  be  said  of  it.  Its  habits  are 
dift'erent  from  those  of  the  species  under  considera- 
tion. Its  underground  habitat  is  by  far  the  most 
commonly  assumed,  and  it  would  appear  that  the 
winged  form  is  rarely  developed,  except  when  a  call 
for  migi-ation  to  fresh  food  determines  the  necessity 
of  roving  to  other  vineyards. 

Notwithstanding  all  that  has  been  written  about 
migration  o(  aphides  to  entirely  ditferent  food  plants, 
and  the  changes  which  have  been  presumed  to  occur 
by  reason  of  such  alteration  in  their  economy ;  no 
clear  proof  has  yet  been  given  that  aerial  forms  like 
Pemphigus  descend  to  roots  of  trees  and  take  the 
characters  of  Trama  or  other  underground  feeders, 
thereby  confusing  recognised  genera  and  species.  In 
tlie  same  manner  of  reasoning  it  will  be  thought 
extremely  unlikely  that  the  Phylloxera  of  the  Oak 
should  have  anything  to  do  with  tliat  of  the  Vine. 
Moreover,  the  latter  insect  has  been  clearly  an 
introduction  to  this  country,  whereas  there  is  no 
reason  to  doubt  that  the  former  is  indigenous. 

A  complete  history  of  the  Oak  aphides  would  here 
be  out  of  place,  but  for  those  wlio  want  further  infor- 
mation, Mr.  J.  Lichtenstein's  and  Mr.  C.  Kiley's 
numerous  memoirs  maybe  studied  with  advantage, 
an!  the  su'iject  also,  illustrated  by  coloured  figures 


Supplement    to    "The  Gardeners'  Chronicle"    September    \T'"   1887. 


Orchid    lionqrKT    pkksentf.d    to    tiik     Queen     of    Saxony 
BY    \r.      V.    Sandeh.ST    Albans. 


Septembek  17,  1887. 


THE     mAh'Dh'NEJ^S'     CHBONICLE. 


341 


is   treated   iu   tlie  monograph   of  British    aphides, 
publislied  by  the  Kay  Society  from  lS7o  to  lcSS2. 

Tlie  accomi)anying  woodcut  (fig.  7o)  represents 
an  Oak  leaf  infested  by  many  liundred  apterous  forms 
of  P.  punctata,  intersjiersed  witli  egg.*,  arranged  iu 
concentric  semicircular  series,  that  crowd  the  under 
surface.  Tlie  oblong  figure  to  the  right  shows  the 
form  of  the  larva  which  hatches  from  these  eggs ; 
whilst  the  next  and  rounder  form  indicates  the  sha)ie 
of  the  insect  ready  to  deposit  her  eggs  in  a  circle,  as 
drawn  to  the  left.  The  winged  insect  drawn  is  also 
a  female.  As  .stated  above,  each  fore-wing  has  but 
three  uervures,  all  uuforked,  and  the  hind  wing  has 
but  one  simple  nervure.  G.  B.  liiic/:toii. 


The  Royal  Saxon    Bouquet.— Some  time 

since  we  were  enabled  to  publish  a  large  illus- 
tration of  the  Jubilee  Bouquet,  constructed  undir 
Mr.  Saxdeu's  directions  for  the  decoration  of 
Buckingham  Palace  during  the  Jubilee  festivi- 
ties. This  week  we  have  the  opportunity  of 
presenting  our  readers  with  an  illustration  (see 
Siip|ilementary  Sheet)  of  the  bouiiuet  presented 
by  jlrs.  Sasueu  to  the  Queen  of  Saxoxy  at  tlie 
Dresden  Horticultural  lOxhibition  on  May  7  of 
the  present  vear.  (See  Criinhiiers'  C/iroiiich,  Mav 
14,  1887,  p."  6-16;  and  May  2.8,  p.  716.)  The 
Dresden  bouquet,  though  somewhat  smaller,  was  moi  c 
elegant  in  its  arrangement,  the  pendulous  spikes  of 
Odontoglossum  citrosnuim  adding  much  to  the  effect. 
The  bouquet  in  question  was  a  yard  in  height,  ami 
composed  of  flowers  brought  from  England,  but 
which,  notwithstanding  tluir  long  journey,  arrived 
fresh  and  in  good  condition.  Jlr.  H.  F.  Daum,  of 
frankfort,  superintended  the  arrangement  of  the 
flowers.  For  the  rest  the  illustration  tells  its  own 
tile,  and  adds  one  more  illustration  of  the  energy 
and  resource  of  Mr.  Sander. 

Gardeners'  Royal  Benevolent  Institu- 
tion.— We  regret  to  hear  that  the  energetic  Secretary 
of  the  Institution  is  temporarily  disabled  by  ill 
health.  We  are  asked  to  mention  this  in  order  that 
correspondents  may  understand  the  unavoidable  delay 
in  acknowledging  their  communications.  It  is  hoped 
tliat  Mr.  CuTLEii's  illness  will  be  but  of  short 
duration. 

Oxfordshire  Chrysanthemum  Society: 
Alteration  of  the  Day  of  Show,— In  con- 
sequence of  the  Corn  Exchange,  Oxford,  being  re- 
quired (or  a  meeting  (on  the  evening  following  the 
day  originally  fixed  for  holding  the  annual  show  i. 
■and  which  necessitates  the  erection  of  galleries, 
occupying  three  or  four  days  in  construction,  the 
committee  announce  that  the  show  will  be  held  on 
Wednesday,  November  16  next. 

Grape  Judging  at  the  Crystal  Palace. 

— Mr.  Ward  sends  us  another  letter  impugning  the 
competence  of  the  judges  at  the  late  show.  Our  own 
impression  is  that  tlie  Grapes  in  question  may  hiive 
deserved  a  slightly  higher  award  than  that  which 
they  obtained  ;  but,  as  the  Grapes  were  certainly  de- 
fective, and  as  the  judges  were  men  of  proved 
competence  and  high  repute,  and  are  moreover  of 
unimpeachable  honour,  we  do  not  think  it  wise  to 
question  their  decision.  Our  advice  to  Mr.  Ward 
is  to  let  the  matter  rest.  His  reputation  as  a  Grape 
grower  is  too  firmly  established  to  be  injured  by  this 
award. 

Flowers  in  Season. — Some  very  good  flowers 
have  been  recently  sent  us  from  Messr.?.  Wedb  & 
Sons,  Kinver,  of  Webb's  Improved  Ten-week  Stock, 
vigorous  in  growth  and  fine  in  colour;  Victoria  Aster, 
of  pyramidal  habit,  and  very  free — colours,  rose-pink 
and  carmine ;  Princess  Aster,  also  of  merit,  being 
equally  free,  but  dwarfer  than  the  former;  the 
double  varieties  of  Zinnia  elegans  were  large  and 
distinct  in  their  tints. 

Mr.  Henry  Bennett.— At  the  annual  meeting 
of  American  florists  at  Chicago  held  recently  an 
interesting  incident  was  the  reception  of  Mr  .Bennett. 


of  Shepperton,  the  raiser  of  so  many  famous  Roses, 
who  was  present  on  a  visit  from  this  country.  His 
presence,  says  the  American  Gardeners'  Monthly,  was 
announced  amidst  rounds  of  applause,  that  evidently 
disconcerted  him.  He  broke  down  in  an  attempt 
to  return  thanks,  at  the  warmth  of  his  reception. 
Here  is  Mr.  Bennett's  portrait,  as  sketched  by  our 
contemporary.  No  wonder  Mr.  Bennett  was  dis- 
concerted ! — "  He  is  a  chunky,  blue-eyed,  pleasant- 
faced  little  gentleman,  with  iron-grey  side-whiskers. 
The  thousands  who  have  derived  so  much  pleasure 
from  his  floral  exertions  will  wish  him  many  years 
I'f  life  to  continue  his  useful  services." 

"  Lindenia." — The  following  plants  are  depicted 
iu  the  last  number  of  this  periodical : — 

Caltleya  virgbuilis,  t.  101. — A  Cattleya  with  ]iure 
white  perianth-segments  and  with  the  disc  of  the  lip 
of  a  rich  yellow  colour.  It  is  supposed  to  be  a  variety 
of  (?•.  Eldorado,  but  whatever  be  its  aflinity  there  can 
be  no  question  of  its  beauty. 

C'l/pripcdium  prastans,  t.  102. —A  handsome  Cyjiri- 
pedium  recalling  C.  Stonei,  and  of  which  so  much  has 
iieen  said  in  these  columns  lately  that  we  need  only 
add  that  the  figure  now  given  is  a  faithful  represen- 
tation of  a  desirable  plant. 

Aerklcs  HoiiUct lanii »i ,  t.  103. — The  flowers  of  this 
species  have  cream-coloured  segments  tipped  with 
lilac,  the  broad  obovate  retuse  lip  has  a  paler  ground 
colour  flushed  with  rich  lilac. 

Cafasdurd  BiinffcroHiii  rnr.  Pottsiaiia,  t.  104.— 
Scarcely  have  we  had  time  to  settle  down  after  the 
introduction  of  this  fine  plant  than  we  are  confronted 
with  a  variety  in  which  the  upper  segments  are 
spotted  with  purplish-red.  As  a  matter  of  taste  we 
prefer  the  unspotted  variety,  but  ckacun  u  son  goi'l. 

The    Kew  Streptocarpus  Hybrids.  —  As 

we  anticipated,  these  plants  are  likely  to  excite 
great  interest.  The  licnie  Horiicole  consecrates  an 
original  article  to  them — an  indication  that  the 
])Iants  are  likely  to  be  ajipreciated  on  the  Continent 
as  well  as  here. 

The  "Botanical  Magazine."— The  Septem- 
ber number  contains  illustrations  of  the  following 
plants ; — 

Hi/ilehrandia  sandwkciifis,  t.  6953. — This  is  a 
remarkable  plant,  differing  from  Begonia  in  the  pre- 
sence of  five  small  hooded  petals,  and  a  half  superior 
ovary.  It  is  a  succulent  herbaceous  plant,  3 — 4  feet 
high,  thinly  covered  with  coarse  hairs.  The  leaves 
are  obliquely  cordate,  many-lobed.  Cymes  stalked, 
forked,  many  flowered,  flowers  about  half  an  inch  In 
diameter,  white,  orrosy,  cun-shaped,  with  tine  oblong- 
obtuse,  concave  sepals.  It  is  a  native  of  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  and  seems  as  if  it  would  be  an  attrac- 
tive ]dant  for  a  warm  greenhouse. 

Bar/eria  rcpens,  t.  6954, — A  prostrate,  loosely- 
branched  shrub,  with  oblone,  stalked,  entire  leaves, 
and  trumpet-shaped  flowers,  about  2  inches  long, 
rose-red,  with  a  narrow  tube,  and  an  irregularly  five- 
lolied  limb.  It  is  a  n.ative  of  Eastern  Tropical 
Africa. 

Coilogunc  cori/mhosa,  t.  6955. — A  beautiful  species, 
with  white  flowers,  like  C  ocellata,  described  and 
figured  in  these  pages,  ser.  2,  vol.  vii.,  p.  73,  fig.  15. 

Primu/a  ohtiisifolia,  t.  6956.— A  species  with  tufted 
leaves  on  long  stalks,  the  blades  oblong-obtuse, 
coarsely  and  irregularly  serrate.  The  dark  violet  or 
purple  flowers  are  borne  in  umbels  on  the  top  of  a 
long  stalk,  issuing  from  the  centre  of  the  leaf-tuft. 

Iris  Kingiana,  t.  6957. — This  is  a  coloured  figure 
of  the  beautiful  and  singular  Iris  from  Garwhal, 
described  by  Professor  Foster  in  our  columns,  1SS7, 
voli.,  p.  611. 

Spanish  and  Balearic  Plants. — Professor 

WiLLKOMJi's  Illmtialioiis,  on  which  we  have  had 
occasion  to  comment  favourably,  have  now  reached 
their  thirteenth  part.  Numerous  Linarias  are 
figured,  mostly  weedy  in  h.abit,  but  with  brightly- 
coloured  flowers  ;  L.  aragonensis  has  yellow  flowers 
with  red  stripes  ;  L.  melanantha  has  flowers  with  a 
purplish-brown  limb  and  a  yellow  spur;  L.  filicaulis 


has  violet  flowers,  with  an  orange  palate  ;  L.  de- 
pauperata  reminds  us  in  its  colour  of  the  beautiful 
L.  alpina ;  L.  Huteri  and  L.  filifolia  have  yellow 
flowers,  with  an  orange  lip.  Khamnus  balearica,  a 
fine  evergreen  shrub,  with  small  roundish  or  oblong 
leaves,  green  on  the  upper,  rusty-brown  on  the  lower 
surfiice,  in  which  latter  character  it  differs  from  E. 
alaternus,  as  well  as  in  other  characters.  Ranun- 
culus macro|)hyllus  is  a  tall  bold-looking  species 
with  long-stalked  )«ilmately  three-lobed  leaves  and 
yellow  flowers. 

PritchARDIA  ThurSTONI.— This  is  a  new  Fan 
Palm,  discovered  in  the  Fiji  Islands  by  the  Governor, 
and  illustrated  and  described  by  Dr.  Dbode  in  the 
Garicvjlora  for  Se])tember,  in  conjunction  with  Baron 
Von  Mueller.  The  tall  cylindric  unarmed  stem 
bears  a  crown  of  roundish  plicate  leaves,  from  whose 
axils  project  long  slender  stalks  like  fishing-rods, 
bearing  a  thyrse-like  infloresence  at  the  extremity. 

The  Cameroons.— We  learn  from  the  Garten- 
fora,  that  Mr.  John  Braun  (son  of  the  late  Alex- 
ander Braun,  the  well  known  botanist),  has  gone  to 
West  Tropical  Africa  with  the  botanical  expedition 
sent  by  the  German  Government. 

DES  PLANTES  VenENEUSES.— M.CoRNEViNhas 
published,  through  Messrs.  Fibmin-Didot  &  Co.,  of 
Paris  (WiLLLAMS  &  Norgate,  London),  a  treatise 
on  poisonous  plants,  especially  snch  as  are  likely 
to  be  injurious  to  children  and  to  animals.  "  Vege- 
table poisons,"  says  M.  Cobnevin,  one  of  the 
Professors  of  the  National  Veterinary  College 
of  Lyons,  "may  be  grouped  under  four  prin- 
cipal headings: — 1.  The  poison  exists  in  the 
seed,  and  is  not  modified  during  germination ; 
hence  the  ott'spring  inherits,  without  any  lapse  of 
continuity,  the  poisonous  principles  of  its  prede- 
cessors, c.ff.,  Laburnum  seeds.  2.  The  poison  does 
not  exist  in  the  seed  or  in  the  young  pltint,  being 
developed  at  a  later  stage,  e.i/.,  Tobacco,  Opium, 
tlie  seeds  of  which  are  harmless.  3.  The  seed  may 
be  poisonous,  while  the  seedling  is  not,  owing  to  the 
change  in  the  poisonous  matter  during  growth  and 
development,  e.g.,  Ergot.  4.  Ingredients  which 
singly  are  not  poisonous  may,  when  mixed  with 
other  constituents,  become  so.  So  long  as  they  are 
in  separate  cells  they  are  inoffensive,  but  when  the 
tissues  are  broken  down  the  resulting  mixture 
becomes  poisonous.  Of  this  nature  are  Almonds, 
which  contain  amygdalin  and  emulsin,  both  inoffensive 
substances,  but  from  the  mixture  of  which  prussic 
acid  is  evolved."  Other  introductory  remarks  refer 
to  the  conditions  and  seasons  when  poisons  are  most 
active,  the  effects  they  produce,  and  other  general- 
ities, followed  by  a  systematic  account  of  the  prin- 
cipal plants  of  a  poisonous  character.  The  book  is 
an  excellent  one  of  its  kind,  well  printed  and  well 
illustrated. 

Pinguicula  caudata  and  Bakeri.— It  will 
be  remembered  that  in  April,  1881 ,  p.  .541,we  published 
a  note,  accompanied  by  two  figares,  of  a  Pinguicula, 
communicated  by  Mr.  Sander,  under  the  name  of 
P.  Bakeriana.  The  leaves  in  this  form  were  very 
numerous,  densely  packed,  short,  and  pointed. 
Some  time  after— in  May.  1882— Sir  Joseph  Hooker 
published  in  the  Bntanienl  Magazine,  t.  6624,  a 
coloured  figure  of  P.  caudata,  showing  a  plant  with 
a  much  smaller  number  of  leaves  than  in  the  first- 
mentioned  plant,  the  leaves  themselves  being  much 
larger,  oblong  obtuse,  or  emarginate.  The  plant 
figured  by  Sir  J.  Hooker  was  received  when  it  had 
the  rosette  of  small  pointed  leaves,  characteristic  of 
the  form  known  as  Bakeri.  It  was,  therefore, 
natural  to  conclude  that  the  form  with  the  rosette  of 
small  leaves  was  the  young  stage  of  the  plant,  while 
the  form  witli  the  larger  leaves  was  to  be  considered 
as  the  adult  condition.  M.  Duchabtue,  who  has 
had  plants  of  this  species  under  his  eye,  shows  that 
this  explanation  is  not  quite  correct,  the  real  expla- 
nation being  that  the  forms  in  question  are  the 
summer  and  winter  stages  of  the  same  plant,  which 


342 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHBONICLE. 


[Septkmbek  17,  1887. 


alternate  regularly,  the  large  summer  leaves  follow- 
ing the  small  ones,  to  be  again  succeeded  by  the 
smaller  foliage  characteristic  of  the  plant  in  its 
winter  dress.  At  the  end  of  the  summer  the  large 
leaves  die  off,  while  the  smaller  winter  leaves  are 
developed  in  superior  numbers.  These  winter  leaves, 
then,  to  some  extent  resemble  the  bud-scales  which 
form  in  autumn  at  the  end  of  the  shoots  of  the  year. 
The  iirst  instalment  of  M.  DDcnARTHF.'s  observations 
is  given  in  the  July  number  of  the  Journal  ile  la 
Socicle  Rationale  d' Horticulture  dr.  France,  and  we 
must  await  its  completion  before  we  can  note  the 
conclusions  at  which  M.  Ddchartre  arrives.  In  the 
meantime  we  may  mention  that  M.  Godefroy  has 
ascertained  that  the  plant  can  be  propagated  by  its 
\vinter  leaves,  but  not  by  the  larger  summer  leaves. 

Economic  Forestry.— Professor  Boclger  has 

reprinted  from  the  Transactions  of  the  Scoftivh  Arhori- 
cultural  Socii'ty  sm  article  based  upon  the  systematic 
examination  of  the  timbers  and  forest  products 
exhibited  at  Kew,  and  at  the  various  exhibitions 
of  late  years.  The  arrangement  adopted  is  geo- 
graphical, the  timber  ti'ees  and  forest  products 
being  arranged  geograi)hicalIy  according  to  the 
country  from  whence  they  come.  Mr.  Boulqer 
has  also  availed  himself  of  the  copious  and 
widely-extended  literature  of  the  subject,  so  that 
liis  pamphlet  froms  an  excellent  resume  of  the  whole 
subject.  Vv'e  are,  however,  surprised  at  no  mention 
being  made  of  the  elaborate  Tenth  Census  Report  of 
Professor  Sargent,  which  is  an  exhaustive  account 
of  tlie  timber  trees  of  the  United  States  in  their 
relations  botanical  and  economic.  This,  and 
the  absence  of  reference  to  the  Forest  Floi-as  of 
India  and  Burmah,  l^ads  us  to  suppose  that  either  the 
omissions  were  designed  for  some  reason,  or  that  Mr. 
Boulger's  essay  was  written  prior  to  their  publica- 
tion. An  index  of  species  and  of  names  would  have 
been  a  most  useful  addition  to  Mr.  Boxtlger's  essay. 
A]mrt  from  the  deficiencies  we  have  alluded  to,  Mr. 
Boulger's  essay  is  calculated  to  be  very  useful. 

"  Flora  of  Cardiff."— The  Curator  of  the 
Cardirt'  Museum,  Mr.  John  Storrie,  has  issued, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Cardiff  Naturalists' 
Society,  a  descriptive  list  of  the  pLants  found  in  the 
neighbouihood  of  tlie  town.  It  seems  well  done, 
tliough  misprints  are  very  numerous.  A  feature  of  the 
l)ublication  is  tlie  insertion  of  the  Welsh  names  for 
the  plants  but  which  do  not  appear  to  be  much  used 
by  tile  people. 

The  Hop  Louse.— We  commend  to  the  atten- 
tion of  Hop  growers,  the  paper  forwarded  to  us  by 
Professor  Rilev.  The  practical  point  seems  to  be 
never  to  suffer  Plums  and  Hops  to  grow  in  pro.ximity 
one  to  the  other.  As  the  common  Sloe  or  Black- 
thorn, often  used  as  a  hedge  plant,  is  a  Prunus, 
growers  should  take  care  that  no  such  hedge  abuts  on 
their  Hop  garden. 

The  Parcel  Post.  —  Parcels  not  exceeding 
7  lb.  in  weight  will  on  and  from  October  1  be  received 
at  any  post-office  in  the  United  Kingdom  for  trans- 
mission to  France,  Algeria,  Corsica,  Tunis,  and  to 
Italy  viii  France.  The  parcel  post  is  already  in  opera- 
tion to  Ascension,  Austria-Hungary,  B.ahamas,  Bar- 
bados, Belgium,  British  Guiana,  British  Honduras, 
Canada,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Ceylon,  Congo  Free  State, 
Constantinople,  Cyprus,  Denmark,  Egypt,  Germany, 
Gibraltar,'Grenada,  Heligoland,  Holland,  Ilong  Kong, 
I  ndia  (including  Aden  and  Burmah),  Jamaica,  Labuan, 
Leeward  Islands,  Luxemburg,  Malta,  Natal,  New- 
foundland, New  South  Wales,  North  Borneo,  Nor- 
way, St.  Helena,  St.  Lucia,  St.  A^incent,  Sarawak, 
South  Australia.  Smyrna,  Straits  Settlements,  Sweden, 
Switzerland,  Tangier,  Tasmania,  Tobago,  Trinidad, 
Victoria,  Western  Australia,  and  Zanzibar. 

Publications  Recwed.— Bulletin  of  the  Sc 

tanieal  Dr/jart/nent,  Jamaica. —  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Ar/riculturc  :  Division  of  Entomohffi/.  2, 
Reports  of  Ohscrcations  and  Experimenlf  in  the  Divi- 


sion. The  Icerya  or  Fluted  Scale. — The  Ac/rimltural 
Economist.  —  Bolleitino  Ampelografico  Ministero  di 
Agricoltura  Indtistria  e  Commercio,  Rome.  —  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Affriculiitral  and  Horticultural  So- 
cietij  of  India.  July,  \SSJ.—  Thc  Gardeners'  Orphan 
Fund:  Rules  and  Regulations;  Report  of  First 
General  Meeting,  July  12,  1887 ;  List  of  Subscribers 
and  Donors. — Currency,  or  Bi-Metallism  Examined. 
By  W.  BiRKMVRE.  (Glasgow:  M'Naughten  &  Sin- 
clair, 24,  'West  Nile  Street.)— Table  Decoration.  By 
W.  Low.  (London :  Chapman  &  Hall,  Limited.) — 
Naturalists'  Monthly,  No.  1,  Vol.  I.  (London:  W. 
Scott,  24,  Warwick  Lane,  Paternoster  Bow,  \V.C.'). 


The  Orchid  Houses. 


■Work  in  the  Houses. — The  recent  moist  state 
of  the  atmosphere  will  have  proved  beneficial  to 
Orchids  by  reason  of  its  genial  influence  in  matur- 
ing the  growth  of  the  plants.  We  endeavour  to 
allow  the  plants  to  enjoy  as  much  pure  air  as  pos- 
sible at  this  season  of  the  year  without  lowering 
the  temiierature  to  a  dangerous  level  in  the  warmer 
divisions.  No  Orchids  find  themselves  under  such 
perfectly  congenial  conditions  at  the  present  time  as 
tlie  cool  section  ;  and,  as  I  have  stated  previously, 
the  autumn  is  to  be  preferred  for  tlie  ]mtting  of 
tliese,  or  as  many  of  them  as  require  it.  Those  that 
are  sending  up  flower-spikes  can  be  jjassed  over 
until  their  flowering  is  past ;  but  if  they  should  be 
in  sour  materials  a  top-dressing  will  help  them.  Any 
that  are  pot-bound  and  possess  good  sound  roots 
should  be  turned  out  and  placed  in  larger  pots, 
avoiding  over-potting;  and  such  as  recpiire  to  be 
shaken  clean  out  should  have  all  dead  roots  cut 
away  before  repotting,  these  plants  generally  requir- 
ing smaller  pots  than  those  they  were  taken  from. 
New  pots  are  best,  and  should  be  more  than  half 
filled  with  clean  crocks.  The  compost  should  con- 
sist of  two  parts  green  sphagnum  moss  and  one  part 
fibrous  peat ;  put  a  good  layer  of  the  former  over 
the  drainage  ;  press  the  material  only  sufficient  to 
steady  the  plants,  and  damp  the  surface  only  until 
the  plants  get  established  again.  Orchids  should  be 
made  perfectly  clean  before  potting  is  commenced. 

We  have  never  succeeded  in  making  Odontoglos- 
snm  blandum  grow  like  a  "weed"  yet,  but  after 
trying  plants  in  different  temperatures  we  find  them 
do  rather  better  in  a  warm  moist  corner  of  the 
Cattleya-house,  in  company  with  Phaius  tuberculosus, 
Promenajas,  &c.  Miltonia  Roezlii  we  still  feel 
inclined  to  speak  of  as  Odontoglo.ssiim.  This  is  not 
to  be  wondered  at  after  the  plants  h.ave  been  called 
by  the  latter  name  for  ten  or  twelve  years.  For  this 
last  two  years  we  have  grown  this  Miltonia  in  two 
separate  places,  some  at  the  warm  and  sliady  end  of 
the  Cattleya-house,  while  others  are  placed  in  the 
Phalajnopsis-house,  which  is  (taking  the  average 
temperature)  the  warmest  house  we  have.  Those  in 
the  latter  place  grow  much  faster  and  a|>pear  more 
healthy,  and,  judgingfrom  the  atmospheric  conditions 
of  a  small  span-roofed  house  I  remember  going  into 
one  summer  evening  at  Messrs.  Heath  &  Sou,  of  Chel- 
tenham, I  think  this  Orchid  is  not  likely  to  be  over- 
done with  heat  and  moisture  during  summer,  for 
their  plants  were  looking  very  healthy.  I  find  it 
improves  the  flowers  if  a  little  extra  ventilation  can  be 
given  while  the  spikes  are  forming.  This  we  accom- 
lilish  by  renewing  the  blocks  which  close  the  venti- 
l.ation  at  the  eaves.  I  think  it  is  not  all-important 
that  this  Miltonia  should  be  potted  wlien  it  begins  to 
m.ake  new  growtli,  but  prefer  the  end  of  August  or 
the  beginning  of  September,  as  it  will  hajipen  some- 
times that  when  the  roots  are  disturbed  at  mid- 
summer that  the  older  foliage  will  put  on  a  sickly 
appearance. 

Ne.xt  to  the  Odontoglossums  in  the  cool  house  the 
IMasdevallias  should  receive  attention.  After  being 
thoroughly  cleaned  the  Harryana,  Lindeni,  and 
Veitchiana  section  should  be  potted  or  dressed  as 
may  be  required.  Those  plants  that  are  showing 
weakness  by  making  small  leaves  in  their  centres— 
the  growths  having  become  overcrowded— sliould  be 
carefully  pulled  in  pieces,  with  not  less  than  half-a- 
dozen  leaves  to  each  lead.  When  making  up  the 
plant  again  place  some  compost  between  each  piece, 
pressing  them  rather  firmly  together,  and  make 
secure  with  small  stakes  if  necessary.  If  desirous  of 
increasing  the  number  of  plants  tlie  pieces  can  be 
equally  divided.  The  potting  material  should  con- 
sist of  equal  parts  fresh  sphagnum  and  peat ;  with  a 
little  very  coarse  silver-.sand  and  some  half-rotten 


Oak  leaves.  Do  not  be  in  a  hurry  to  take  the  shading 
off  cool  houses  where  plants  have  been  potted  unless 
the  houses  face  north^vard.  but  give  them  plenty 
of  light  without  sunsliine.  Houses  in  which  no  fire- 
heat  has  been  used  should  be  closed  during  the  night. 
I  do  not  think  it  a  good  practice  to  lower  the  tem- 
perature of  the  house  in  which  are  cool  Orchids  as 
soon  as  possible  to  45^  or  50°,  for  these  species 
seem  to  grow  best  when  the  outside  temperature 
ranges  from  55°  to  60°  in  the  shade.  C.  Woolfard, 
Downside,  Leaiherhead. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


Miscellaneous  Bl-lrs.-  In  a  late  Calendar  I 
referred  to  Roman  Hyacinths  and  other  early  flower- 
ing bulbs,  and  the  later  Hyacinths  have  recently 
been  treated  by  an  able  practitioner,  so  that  they 
may  well  be  passed  by  in  these  notes.  For  yielding 
a  plentiful  supply  of  flowers  in  June  and  July  no 
bulbs  excel  the  early  flowering  Gladiolus,  of  which 
there  are  several  varieties,  amongst  these  Colvillei 
alba  is  commonly  grown,  but  others  e(pially  deserving, 
and  which  afford  a  variety  of  colours,  are  not  yet  so 
generally  cultivated  as  they  should  be;  Duke  of 
Albany,  Mary  Anderson,  Princess  Beatrice,  Deli- 
catissima,  Rosy  Gem,  Prince  Albert,  and  for  later 
use  Cardinal  is,  are  all  beautiful  vaiieties.  The 
bulbs  should  be  potted  in  o2"s  as  soon  as  they  can 
be  procured,  putting  from  three  to  six  bulbs  in  a  pot, 
according  to  the  growth  of  the  kind,  and  after  having 
potted  them  the  pots  may  be  plunged  in  cocoa-fibre 
or  fine  coal-ashes.  These  varieties  of  Gladioli  endure 
gentle  forcing,  but  I  find  that  the  flower-spikes  are 
mo)-e  robust  when  but  little  artificial  heat  is 
employed.  Tulips  look  well  when  grown  three  in  a 
pot,  and  48's  are  a  suitable  size  to  use  ;  of  these  we 
prefer  to  force  a  few  tree  flowerers  rather  than  many 
varieties  ;  Keizer  Krooa  and  Vermilion  Brilliant  are 
good  singles,  and  Tournesol  andlmperator  rubrornm 
are  constant  and  easily  forced  double-flowered  varie- 
ties. Polyanthus  Narcissus  make  effective  objects 
when  grown  three  bulbs  in  a  G-inch  pot;  Bazelman 
major,  Bathurst,  Grand  Monarque,  and  Newton, 
may  be  named  as  good  forcing  v.arieties.  Sparaxis, 
Ixias,  and  Freesiasall  deserve  to  be  largely  grown  for 
conservatory  decoration,  and  the  scented  flowers  of  F. 
refracta  alba  are  particularly  valuable  as  cut  flowers. 
Of  Liliums,  L.  longiflornm,  L.I.  eximium,  L.  excelsum 
and  L.  candidum  are  all  alike  useful  for  pot  culture. 
There  should  be  no  delay  in  potting  them  as  soon  aa 
they  can  be  obtained,  and  being  hardy  they  may  be 
planted  out  in  permanent  situations  after  their 
flowering  season  is  past.  I  am  well  satisfied  with 
results  obtained  from  clum])S  of  Lily  of  the  Valley, 
but  single  crowns  planted  about  three-quarters  of  an 
inch  apart  yield  a  fine  return  for  pains  taken  with 
them ;  both  these  and  clumps  should  be  potted  and 
plunged  as  soon  as  received.  Imjiorted  clumps  of 
iSpirica  japonica  are  best  for  early  forcing,  their 
crowns  being  stronger  than  those  grown  at  home  ;  the 
latter,  however,  answer  well  for  later  use,  and  should 
be  lifted  and  potted  as  soon  as  their  foliage  dies 
down.  Callas  that  are  pl.anted  out  should  likewise 
be  taken  up  and  potted  before  their  foliage  gets 
injured  by  frost.  Plants  of  Hemerocallis  flava  may 
also  be  potted  as  soon  as  their  foliage  dies  ;  this 
plant  is  doubtless  destined  to  become  popular;  it 
responds  to  gentle  forcing,  and  its  flowers  are  very 
beautiful.  In  purchasing  this  plant  care  should  be 
taken  not  to  confound  it  with  H.  fulva.  Dielytra 
spectabilis  should  be  treated  similar  to  the  above, 
Thomas  Coomber,  Hendre  Gardens. 


I 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


General  Work. — The  change  to  showery  weather 
has  been  very  beneficial  to  all  kinds  of  i'ruit  trees. 
Pears  and  Apples  are  swelling  to  a  large  size  on  all 
sorts  of  trees.  The  shoots  formed  of  late  on  wall 
trees  and  pyramids,  &c.,  should  be  stopped,  and  all 
branches  intended  to  extend  the  size  of  the  trees 
secured  from  injury  by  wind.  With  the  change  of 
weather  weeds  have  again  become  troublesome  in  the 
quarters  of  bush  fruits  and  newly -made  plantations  of 
Strawberries,  and  should  be  exterminated  while  in  a 
small  state.  Fruit  g.athering  will  still  claim  attention, 
and  in  regard  to  Pears  consideration  should  he  given 
to  the  probable  requirements,  so  that  the  season  of 
each  variety  may  either  be  hastened  or  prolonged,  a? 


Septembeb  17,  1887.] 


TEE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


343 


the  case  may  be.  and  thus  prevent  any  cessation  in 
the  supply.  In  the  case  of  varieties  on  walls,  those 
grown  on  west  anil  east  walls  will  follow  each  other 
in  succession,  anil  many  of  the  later  varieties  should 
be  left  on  the  trees  so  long  as  the  weather  permits 
of  this  being  done  witli  safety.  All  nets  as  they 
become  vacant  should  be  housed  when  dry.  The 
present  is  a  good  time  to  take  notes  of  the  v.arietics 
of  fruit  trees  best  suited  to  the  locality,  and  the  time 
will  shortly  arrive  when  new  trees  will  have  to  be 
ordered  for  the  planting  season.  It  is  judicious  not 
to  obtain  any  variety  in  quantity  until  it  has  been 
proved  that  it  is  adapted  to  the  soil  and  climate.  E. 
Ward,  Heuvtl,  Bromsgrovc. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


Pine-apples. — Fruiting  plants  should  have  a  day 
temperature  of  75^,  running  up  10°  higher  with  suu- 
heat  and  plenty  of  air.  Maintain  a  night  tempera- 
ture of  70°,  and  damp  the  floors,  walls,  and  plunging 
material  morning  and  afternoon  at  closing  time  on 
bright  days  to  promote  a  growing  atmospliere. 
Examine  the  plants  once  a  week  or  ten  days,  to  ascer- 
tain the  condition  of  the  soil,  and  when  dry  give 
sufficient  tepid  liquid  manure  in  a  diluted  state  to 
thoroughly  moisten  it.  Successional  plants  will,  or 
ought  soon  to  have,  completed  their  growth  ;  the 
tempeiature  should  then  be  lowered,  and  a  more  airy 
atmosphere  maintained  to  prevent  the  i)lants  making 
Jurther  growth,  and  to  mature  tliat  already  m.ade. 
During  the  interval — from  the  end  of  the  present 
month  to  the  end  of  December — water  must  be 
applied  both  at  the  roots  and  in  the  houses  contain- 
ing the  plants  with  judgment  and  care.  The  night 
temperature  for  this  section  should  range  from  tiO° 
to  65°  during  the  present  month,  and  a  rise  5°  to  10° 
higher  by  day  should  be  aimed  at.  Young  sucker  plants 
should  be  kept  in  a  growing  temperature  for  a  few 
moi-e  weeks;  all  shading  should  now  be  dispensed 
with  and  be  put  away  dry  and  out  of  the  way  for  use 
another  year. 

Peach  Trees. — Trees  from  which  the  crop  has  been 
taken  should  now  be  examined,  and  the  spurs  made 
during  the  present  season,  and  any  shoots  of  last 
year's  growth  which  would  in  the  ordinary  way  be 
removed  at  the  general  pruning  be  cut  out  forthwith. 
This  will  allow  of  more  light  reaching  the  young 
shoots,  and  assist  the  ripening  process.  H.  W,  Ward, 
Longford  Castle, 


Home  Correspondence. 


THE  WEATHER,  AND  ITS  EFFECTS  ON  PLANTS. 
• — You  invite  correspondents  to  give  their  experience 
during  the  recent  dry  season,  which  I  feur  will  be 
like  that  of  "  A.  D.'' — in  most  cases  very  erratic.  It 
is  curious  to  note  how  varied  the  effect  of  the  severe 
drought  was  in  some  districts  compared  witli  others  ; 
it  has  been  a  real  benefit  where  soils  are  damp  gener- 
ally and  of  a  cool  nature,  the  position  being  fiat  and 
low-lying,  while  high  positions,  with  light,  sharp  soil, 
have  in  many  respects  suffered.  It  has  been  in  our 
case,  with  a  iew  exceptions,  a  season  well  suited  in 
every  respect  to  all  branches  of  outdoor  horticulture; 
trees  and  shruljs  have  grown  remarkably  well ;  Roses 
have  been  extra  fine,  growth  strong,  with  an  absence 
of  aphides  on  the  plants.  We  do  not  remember  to 
have  filled  the  beds  earlier  with  bedding  plants  ;  they 
were  at  their  best  about  the  last  week  of  July,  lower- 
ing very  abundantly  after  having  made  a  free  growth. 
Vegetables  of  every  kind  never  were  better.  Peas 
only  had  a  short  season.  Potatos  were  remarkably 
early;  kidney  kinds  quite  ripe  at  the  end  of  June, 
the  tubers  were  somewhat  small,  but  otherwise 
good.  Brussels  Sprouts  have  already  furnished 
a  supply  (the  first  were  gathered  August  11). 
Fruits  of  all  kinds  were  very  abundant,  and  mostly  of 
good  quality;  Pears  and  Apricots  are.  however,  small. 
Strawberries,  especially  those  planted  last  season  on 
trenched  soil,  were  extra  large,  and  of  general  good 
quality.  All  small  fruits,  especially  on  young  bushes, 
which  were  in  the  early  spring  well  mulched  and  the 
manure  covered  with  soil,  were  in  great  quantity, 
and  remarkable  for  size.  Young  Cherry  trees  were 
loaded  to  excess,  the  light-coloured  kinds  being  very 
large.  Morellos  were  the  best  we  have  ever  had,  the 
trees  flU  having  been  lifted  two  years  ago,  and  the 
roots  rammed  into  firm  soil,  mixed  with  lime  rub- 


bish. Apples  on  every  tree,  young  ones  especially, 
are  over-cropped,  and  promise  to  colour  well ;  those, 
such  as  Ked  Astracan  and  Irish  Peach,  which  have 
been  gathered  are  of  extra  quality ;  the  most  pro- 
ductive are  Stirling  Castle,  Seaton  House,  Margil, 
all  the  C  jdlin  class.  Lord  SufReld  especially,  Dume- 
low's  Seedling,  Warner's  King,  Worcestershire 
Pearmaiuand  King  of  Pippins.  The  last  named  are 
clustered  all  over  cordons  on  a  border  somewhat 
shaded  from  sun.  Many  local  kinds  are  also  loaded. 
These  were  all  mulched,  and  the  material  covered 
with  soil  to  keep  in  the  virtue  of  the  manure.  We 
planted  shrubs  and  trees  very  extensively  during 
spring  (between  thv.  beginning  of  April  and  second 
week  of  May).  Water  being  scarce  they  had  only 
one  small  watering  when  in  tlie  ground.  Thegi'assy 
surface  which  was  removed  was  finely  chopped  up 
with  a  little  rotten  manure,  and  given  as  a  mulching, 
and  was  covered  loosely  with  soil,  which  has  had  the 
hoe  used  freely  on  it  since.  Out  of  many  hundreds 
of  plants,  including  choice  Coniferie,  especially  speci- 
mens of  Ketinosporas,  Cnpressus  ot  sorts,  Austrian 
Firs  and  Cedars,  the  growth  on  all  is  very  fair,  no 
deaths  have  resulted.  On  the  whole,  we  have  little 
to  complain  of  after  such  a  season  of  drouglit.  We 
bad  scarcely  any  snow  during  winter  ;  from  April  to 
the  end  of  July  rain  did  not  fall  sufficient  to  moisten 
the  surface  of  the  parched  soil,  and  drying  winds  were 
more  than  usually  prevalent,  moreover,  the  water 
supply  from  the  springs  and  rivers  was  lower  than 
for  many  years  past.  Scot,  FalKirk. 

Now  the    country   has    been    refreshed   by 

copious  rain  after  long  drought,  I  send  yoa  a  report 
of  its  efi'ects  here.  This  stands  2  miles  from  the 
sea,  about  300  feet  above  sea-level,  soil  light  loam  on 
volcanic  rock,  called  locally  dunstone,  strata  nearly 
perpendicular.  We  have  lost  a  few  shrubs.  A 
Rhododendron  ;  Cotoneaster  frigida  var.  affinis,  15  feet 
high;  Araliajaponica,  which  was  failing  before  ;  and 
Desfontainea  spinosa ;  Gaultheria  Shallon  has  very  few 
green  leaves  left,  but  may  survive.  None  of  the 
above  were  watered.  A  lihododendron  Broughtoni, 
which  was  loosened  by  a  gale,  after  transplanting 
three  years  ago,  would  probably  have  died  had  it  not 
had  2\  gallons  of  water  with  the  rose  of  a  garden- 
engine  twice.  A  group  of  Scotch  Fir  above  a  cut- 
ting of  a  road,  8  feet  deep,  Iiave  suffered  a  good  deal. 
Most  of  the  needles  on  the  lower  branches  are 
brown  ;  one  twig  that  lay  on  the  ground  had  been 
bored  by  a  beetle.  A  Sycamore  of  about  eighty 
years"  growth  has  brown  leaves  on  the  greater  part  of 
one  head,  but  on  exa'nination  I  find  one  side  of  the 
faded  head  has  lost  its  bark,  and  the  injury  goes  down 
2  feet  on  one  side  of  the  trunk.  The  timber  is  not 
decayed,  nor  can  I  account  for  the  injury,  which 
extends  15  feet  above  the  fork.  If  it  were  caused 
by  lightning  two  or  three  years  ago.  one  would 
expect  that  the  bark  would  be  taken  off  from 
the  top  of  the  tree.  A  Cupressus  Lawsoniana  has 
shed  about  half  of  its  leaves,  but  looks  little  the 
worse.  Ferns  have  survived.  A  Cetcrach  died 
down,  but  has  grown  out  since  the  rain  in  a  pocket 
on  a  large  piece  of  limestone.  None  of  the  above 
had  any  water  except  Rliododendron  Broughtoni,  as 
we  had  hard  work  to  keep  an  acre  of  garden  alive. 
We  store  2100  gallons  of  rain-water,  besides  a  tank 
in  the  greenhouse.  Peach  trees  had  a  good  squirting 
with  a  garden  engine  twice  a  week,  and  are  in  good 
foliage  ;  but  the  fruit  is  smaller  than  usual.  Amongst 
Apples  Cornish  Gilliflower,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin, 
an  Apple  we  call  London  Pippin,  but  which  is  not 
the  London  Pippin  of  the  great  Apple  show;  Lord 
SafHeld  and  EarlyPeach  are  finer  than  usual.  Reinette 
du  Canada,  Claygate  Pearmain,  Russet  Pearmain,  and 
Blenheim  Orange  are  average  size.  Alfriston,  King 
of  Pippins,  Mother,  Allen's  Everlasting,  Lane's  Prince 
Albert,  and  Cellini  are  small,  but  have  a  good  crop. 
Devonshire  Quarrenden  are  fine,  and  have  ripened 
well.  Pears  are  small,  except  a  large  tree  on  a  wall 
of  Uvedale  St.  Germain,  twenty  years  planted 
on  the  free  stock,  which  are  about  the  usual 
size.  The  trees  bore  ten  dozen  and  eight 
in  1835,  and  eight  dozen  in  18S6.  Victoria 
Plums  fine.  Green  Gage  and  Coe's  Seedling 
average,  also  Magnum  Bonum,  with  good  crops. 
An  old  standard  Brown  Beurre  had  a  fair 
crop,  average  size,  most  of  which  as  well  as 
the  greater  part  of  our  Apples  were  blown  down 
by  a  recent  gale.  Gooseberries  were  a  good  crop, 
also  Currants  of  all  sorts  ;  Raspberries  fair,  but 
soon  gave  up  ;  Strawberries  dried  up  and  only  gave 
us  one  dish ;  Potatos  small  and  poor,  and  super- 
tuberated  so  badly  that  early  ones  had  to  be  dug  in 
June  and  July,  including  Schoolmaster.  Cows  look 
well,  but  gave  no  milk ;  wasps  and  flies  are  eating 
everything,  Grapes  and  Plums  especially.    We  had 


uo  steady  rain  in  February  though  there  were  some 
showery  days  ;  some  rain  March  11 ;  showers  March 
14  and  15 ;  rain,  March  21  and  22 ;  showers,  March 
24,  25,  26,  and  27  ;  wind  generally  easterlv.  Showers 
May  2,  4,  and  6  ;  also  May  19,  20,  21,  22,  and  29 ; 
drizzle.  June  7  and  8.  July  10, shower ;  .July  12. 13, 
and  15  slight  showers;  also  July  26,  27.  and  30. 
August  16,  thunderstorm  ;  August  17  and  19  slight 
showers  ;  August  26  and  29  showers :  August  30 
heavy  rain.  There  was  no  rain  to  thoroughly  wet 
the  ground  from  February  till  August  30.  Most  of 
the  heavy  rain  on  August  16  ran  off,  but  it  sank  into 
newly  turned  vround  a  little.  H.  U.,  Plymouth. 

"  THE  FLORICULTURAL  CABINET  AND  FLORISTS 
MAGAZINE." — This  journal  was  commenced  with  the 
year  1833,  publisli'ed  by  Wliittaker  &  Co.,  Ave 
Maria  Lane.  London,  and  conducted  by  Joseph 
Harrison.  From  1855  it  was  published  by  Simpkin, 
Marshal!  &  Co.,  Stationers'  Hall  Court,  and  the 
name  of  John  Harrison  after  that  year  was  omitted 
as  conductor  on  the  title.  The  last  year  of  publica- 
tion was  1859,  and  in  the  preface  to  that  volume  (dated 
December  15,  1859),  it  is  said,  referring  to  an  altera- 
tion in  the  publication  for  the  coming  year,  "After 
making  its  regular  appearance  at  the  commence- 
ment of  each  successive  month  for  the  long  period  of 
twenty-seven  years,  we  believe  the  utility  of  the 
Cabinet  will  be  greatly  increased  b}'  a  more  frequent 
publication;  we  have  consequently  resolved  on  bring- 
ing it  out  in  weekly  numbers,  at  a  very  moderate 
price,  and  with  an  alteration  in  the  title.  It  will, 
therefore,  henceforth  be  known  as  the  Gardeners' 
Weekly  Maga-i/ie  and  Floriciiltuml  Cabinet.  In 
ati'ecting  this  alteration  we  feel  that  we  are  but 
keeping  pace  with  the  times,  without  interfering  with 
any  existing  publication,  and  that,  in  fact,  there  is  a 
call  for  a  really  cheap  but  good  weekly  gardening 
periodical — one  that  may  be  within  the  means  of 
even  the  humblest  cultivator."  The  first  number  of 
the  new  magazine  was  announced  to  appear  January  6, 
1860.  J.  H.  Krelage,  Haarlem. 

The  date  of  my  copy  of  Moore  and  Ayres' 

Companion  to  the  Flower  Garden  is  1852.  The  work 
was,  I  believe,  originally  intended  to  be  a  continua- 
tion of  another  work  in  three  volumes,  by  Knowles 
and  Westcott,  but  only  one  volume,  which  appeared 
in  1852,  was  ever  published.  W.  E.  Gumbleton,  Bel' 
grove,  Qneenstown,  Ireland. 

STREPTOCARPUS  REXII.— It  is  pleasing  to  see 
that  this  most  beautiful  race  of  plants  has  been 
taken  in  hand  by  Mr.  Watson,  and  that  he  has  been 
so  successful  in  raising  those  fine  hybrids  that  were 
shown  some  little  time  ago  at  South  Kensington.  I 
have  not  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  them,  but  if  they 
surpass  in  beauty  Streptocarpus  Rexii,  we  shall  have 
some  splendid  additions  to  our  stoves.  It  is  a  pity 
that  Streptocarpus  Rexii  is  not  met  with  oftener  in 
our  collection  of  stove  plants,  for  it  is  of  easy  culti- 
vation. I  have  quite  fifty  plants  in  6-inch  pots, 
supplying  me  with  quantities  of  beautiful  flowers 
for  house  decoration,  and  they  are  admired  by  all 
who  see  them.  My  plan  is  to  keep  sowing  at 
intervals  so  as  to  have  plants  in  succession,  small 
plants  flowering  well  from  2}  inches  up  to  4  inches, 
which  size  I  find  quite  large  enough  for  ordinary 
decoration.  The  soil  used  is  two  parts  good  fibrous 
loam,  one  of  leaf-mould,  and  one  of  rotten  Mushroom 
dung,  with  plenty  of  sand  to  keep  the  compost  open; 
a  close,  damp  atmosphere  ranging  from  65°  to  70°, 
suiting  them  admirably.  I  may  add,  that  all  seed- 
pods  are  picked  off  except  a  few  just  to  keep  up  a 
supply  of  seed.  I  should  be  glad  if  you  could  give  me 
the  correct  name.  I  see  in  Viccars  Collyar's  catalogue 
of  novelties  it  is  given  as  Didymocarpus  Rexii,  and 
in  the  Garden  some  numbers  back  as  S.  biflorus, 
with  syn.  Rtxii  and  floribunda;  and  in  Messrs. 
Veitch's  catalogue  as  biflorus.  J.  V.  S.  Arlcy. 

IS    A    CONSERVATORY    A    BUILDING?— As    you 

inserted  the  letter  from  Mr.  Collins  on  greenhouses, 
I  must  ask  you  to  be  good  enough  to  give  publicity 
to  the  report  on  the  subject  in  the  local  newspaper, 
I  have  but  two  remarks  to  make — one,  that  I  did  not 
insist  on  a  damp  [course],  it  was  therefore  beside 
the  question  to  refer  to  it;  the  other,  that  the 
magistrate  did  not  express  himself  as  reported.  Jl 
Knightley.  District  Surveyor,  Hammersmith. 

*'  The  question  of  whether  a  conservatory  or  green- 
house is  a  building  has  been  once  more  determined 
in  the  affirmative.  The  district  surveyor  for  Ham- 
mersmith, Mr.  Knightley,  summoned  Mr.  Collins,  of 
Cumbeiland  Park,  for  erecting  a  large  glasshouse, 
and  omitting  concrete  foundations  to  the  supporting 


344 


THE     GA  R  D ENEB  S'     CHFONI CL E. 


[Sbjptembek  17,  1887. 


walls.  Mr.  Collius  had  erected  the  house  in  ques- 
tion for  his  sons,  who  are  florists,  and  contended  that 
such  structures  were  not  buildings,  but  trade 
fixtures— a  humorous  fiction  which  Mr.  Knightley 
declined  to  adopt.  The  building  had  a  frontage 
towards  the  high  road  of  27  feet,  and  a  depth  of 
65  feet.  The  enclosing  walls  are  of  various  heights, 
some  2  feet  9  inches,  others  3  feet  9  inches,  and 
some  nearly  7  feet,  with  piers  here  and  there  13  feet 
above  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Mr.  Knightley 
presented  a  drawing  of  tlie  structure  with  a  figure 
drawn  by  the  side  to  serve  as  a  scale  of  comparison, 
and  called  the  attention  of  tlie  magistrate  to  sec.  (i 
of  the  Act  of  1853,  and  contended  that  although  in 
some  cases  it  might  be  difiieult  to  define  what  is  a 
building,  in  this  case  that  difficulty  did  not  arise, 
as  such  structures  as  this  were  defined  to  be  build- 
ings, and  as  such,  jiartially  exempted,  and  quoted 
the  first  part  of  sec.  (i  and  the  15th  rule  of  the  same 
section  and  bye-law  No.  ."!  in  support  of  his  con- 
tention as  to  its  being  a  building,  and  in  justification 
of  his  demand  for  concrete.  Mr.  Collins  quoted  the 
1st  rule  of  the  1st  schedule,  and  contended  he  had 
complied  with  tlie  law.  Jlr.  Knightley  replied  that 
the  bye-law  directing  concrete  to  be  used,  except  the 
site  be  a  natural  bed  of  gravel,  repealed  the  rule 
quoted  by  Mr.  Collins.  He  also  said  that  builders 
in  his  district  could  not  plead  ignorance  of  the  law, 
as  when  the  bye-laws  were  first  published  by  the 
Jletropolitan  Board  of  Works  he  had  copies  struck 
off,  and  when  builders  gave  notice  a  copy  was  handed 
to  them.  He  had  distributed  many  hundreds,  and 
Mr.  Collins  had  had  his  copy.  AVhen  the  trenches 
were  dug  Mr.  Collins  complained  of  being  asked  to 
use  concrete.  Mr.  Knightley  advised  him  to  apply 
to  the  Board,  who  had  relaxing  powers,  but  he 
refused.  Mr.  Knightley  then  said,  "You  must  put 
in  the  concrete,"  but  he  refused  that  also ;  but  when 
the  decision  was  given  against  him  he  then  said  he 
should  apply  to  the  Board.  Mr.  Knightley  said  he 
objected,  as  he  was  out  of  court  by  the  eftluxion  of 
time,  and  asked  for  an  order  in  "the  terms  of  the 
summons,  wliich  Mr.  Bennett  made." 

CATTLEYA  CRISPA  WITH  MANY  FLOWERS.— 
In  answer  to  Mr.  Grose's  inquiry  on  p.  .305  of  the 
Gardeners  Chronicle  of  September  10,  I  beg  to  say 
that  I  had  a  ])lant  of  Cattleya  crispa  wliich  once  pro- 
duced four  spikes  of  nine.  ten.  ten,  and  eleven  flowers. 
John  Bail.  Ili./h  Cross.  Totlmham. 

JASMINUM  SAMBAC— Is  the  Jasraiuuni  8ambac 
alluded  to  by  J.  W.  Odell  (p.  313)  one  of  the  double 
varieties?  If  so,  I  have  observed  the  peculiar 
fasciation  mentioned  for  the  past  ten  years.  It  has 
always  shown  itself  on  specimens  planted  out,  and 
on  the  variety  known  in  gardens  as  Duchesse 
d'Orleans,  plants  in  pots  always,  as  far  as  my  ob- 
servatifn  has  extended,  jiroducing  normal  shaped 
flowers.  I  fir.st  noticed  this  tendency  in  a  specimen 
planted  in  the  Melon  bed  in  a  nobleman's  garden  in 
Norfolk,  from  which  plant  I  got  the  cuttings  from 
whicli  I  raised  ray  present  plants,  one  of  which  is 
planted  out  at  one  end  of  a  division  of  a  plant-stove, 
and  which  has  annually  for  the  past  four  years  pro- 
duced blooms  3  to  4  inches  over,  and  shaped 
something  like  a  Cockscomb.  These  flowers  are 
certainly  not  handsome,  but  their  scent  is  exquisite. 
A  great  fault  that  the  plant  lias  is,  that  one  part  of 
the  flower  becomes  brown  before  the  other  half  opens. 
This  applies  only  to  the  fasciated  flowers,  the  normal 
ones  opening  and  decaying  in  the  usual  way.  I 
think  the  explanation  of  the  ]ieruliarity  lies  in  its 
being  planted  out,  the  plant  tliereby  obtaining  super- 
abundant supjdies  of  nourislmient  at  the  roots.  I 
send  you  a  point  of  a  shoot  on  which  one  of  the 
largest  flowers  grew,  and  will  send  you  a  bloom  at 
the  first  opportunity.   West  Ch'shirc. 

KNIPHOFIA  MACOWANI  AND  K.  CORALLINA.— 
From  the  remarks  made  by  your  correspondent  "  D.," 
on  ]).  .308  of  your  last  issue,  concerning  the  above- 
named  plants,  I  do  not  think  he  can  have  K.  coral- 
lina  true  to  name,  as  witli  nie  tlie  flowering  of  both  is 
quite  simultaneous,  and  Iiotli  have  been  in  full  flower 
for  more  than  a  fortnight.  Your  correspondent  does 
not  seem  to  be  aware  that  K.  corallina  is  a  hybrid 
resulting  from  a  cross  between  K.  Macowani  and  K. 
nloides.  eft'ected  some  four  or  five  years  ago  by  M.  J. 
B.  A.  Deleuil,  of  Marseilles,  from  whom  I  had  my 
plant  direct  immediately  after  he  sent  it  out  in  1882 
or  18S3.  The  hybrid  is  a  much  more  robust  grower 
than  K.  Macowani,  the  foli.age  being  at  least  twice 
the  height  and  the  heads  of  bloom  much  larger  tlian 
those  of  the  parent.  Botli  are  most  profuse  bloomers, 
and  should  be  in  every  collection  of  these  beautiful 


autumn  blooming  plants.  If  "  D."  will  send  me  his 
name  and  address,  I  daresay  I  shall  be  able  to  send 
him  an  off'set  from  my  tuft  of  K.  corallina,  if  he  de- 
sires it.  W.  E.  Gumbicton, 

SINGLE  DAHLIAS.— Your  reporter  of  the  National 
Dahlia  Show  asks  whether  single  Dahlias  are  on  the 
decline,  or  had  the  storms  destroj'ed  the  flowers? 
Very  probably  the  fierce  winds  and  rains  of  the  pre- 
ceding davs  iiad  done  some  mischief,  but  when  at 
Heokfield'on  the  day  preceding  the  hurricane  of  the 
31st  ult.,  1  thought  I  had  never  seen  a  more  charm- 
ing display  of  these  flowers  than  was  presented  in  the 
kitchen  garden  walk,  where,  trained  against  a  glorious 
background  of  Thniopsis  borealis,  the  floivers  show 
with  wonderful  effect;  still,  it  is  certain  thct  in 
many  places  single  Dahlias  have  suffered  terribly 
from  the  drought,  growth  not  only  having  been 
checked,  but  blooms  withered  in  the  heat,  and 
expanding  only  to  collapse  directly.  Such  has  been 
my  experience  here.  The  plants  now  are  becoming 
vigorous,  and  promise  to  bloom  freely,  but  all  too 
late  to  be  of  any  advantage  this  season.  A.  I). 

DISA  GRANDIFLORA. — I  should  not  have  tres- 
passed again  on  your  valuable  space  had  not  Mr. 
Gnmbleton's  remarks  (p.  313)  obliged  me  to  do 
so.  Mr.  Gumbleton  states  that  the  violet  tint  on 
our  variety  called  D.  G.  violescens  is  the  result  of 
warm  treatment.  This  is  quite  a  mistake,  and  as  so 
many  have  asked  for  and  have  been  informed  of  the 
mode  of  Disa  culture  pursued  here,  I  am  compelled 
to  deny  his  statement.  We  grow  the  Disas  in  a 
cold  plant -preserver,  and  during  sharp  weather  it  is 
is  barelv  possible  to  keep  out  the  frost,  in  fact  I 
have  seen  the  leaves  so  stift'  with  frost  that  they 
could  be  broken  in  two.  Until  the  month  of  October 
the  lights  are  never  closed  on  them  night  or  day.  II 
heat  were  the  cause  of  the  violet  tint,  Mr.  (iunible- 
ton's  variety  should  be  the  same  colour  here,  for  he 
asserts  that  both  are  the  same.  F.  Beil/cn!. 

THE  HEATING  OF  GLASS  STRUCTURES —Those 
of  us  who  want  warmth  during  the  next  winter  in 
our  hitherto  unheated  greenhouses  are  now  beginning 
to  consider  how  we  shall  do  this  in  the  cheapest, 
easiest  and  most  efficient  manner.  I  have  thought 
that  a  few  hints  to  those  who  know  but  little  about 
a  heating  apparatus  may  be  serviceable.  I  need  not 
say  that  of  course  a  proper  hot-water  apparatus  is 
the  most  advantageous,  and  these  are  now  made  so 
cheaply,  and  in  forms  so  easily  erected  by  any 
amateur  that  they  are  within  the  means  of  any  one 
who  possesses  a  greenhouse.  It  would  naturally  be 
invidious  for  me  to  select  any  particular  make  when 
there  are  so  many  good  ones  in  the  market;  but  it 
will  save  an  intending  purchaser  a  great  deal  of  un- 
necessary correspondence  and  trouble  if.  when  he 
applies  to  a  manufacturer  for  prices,  he  will  .also  say 
what  he  wants  to  heat ;  give  a  rough  ground  plan  of 
his  greenhouse,  figuring  the  inside  length  and  width  ; 
indicate  the  position  of  doorways ;  say  whether  it  is 
a  lean-to  or  span  ;  give  heights  to  eaves  and  ridge, 
and  say  what  he  wishes  to  grow.  The  manufacturer 
will  then  be  in  a  far  better  position  to  recommend 
what  he  considers  most  suitable,  and  to  show  the 
best  .arrangement  of  pipes.  To  any  of  your  readers 
who  may  like  to  have  further  information  on  this 
important  and  interesting  subject,  and  who  will  send 
me  a  directed  and  stamped  envelope,  I  will  gladly 
forward  some  engravings  and  details  of  easily 
managed  hot-water  apparatus,  and  instructions  to 
enable  amateurs  readily  to  fi.K  them  without  the  aid 
of  any  hot-water  fitter — information,  of  course,  too 
voluminous  to  be  contained  in  this  letter.  F.  A, 
Fav'krs.  Author  of  "  Hot-vmtcr  ffcatinff." 

STRAWBERRY  DISEASE.  — For  some  years  past 
we  have  suffered  severely  by  disease  in  our  Straw- 
berry plantations,  as  well  as  having  lost  great  num- 
bers of  those  in  pots  prepared  for  forcing.  Sineularly, 
the  evil  is  confined  to  the  variety  Vicomtesse  H^ricart 
de  Thury,  which  shows  in  the  first  stage  a  few  fading 
outside  [eaves,  the  plant  soon  afterwards  dying  ott'at 
the  collar.  The  roots  seem  uninjured,  but  ultimately 
die  for  wiint  of  foliage.  We  lost  over  300  of  our 
plants  last  year  from  this  cause,  and  more  than  the 
half  of  the  vaiiety  in  the  open  ground.  This  year 
our  experience  with  the  malady  has  been  severer 
still — a  whole  break,  spring-jilanted,  having  suddenly 
died  right  ofT,  while  five  other  kinds  alongside  of 
them  have  been,  and  are  still,  all  that  could  be 
desired.  Nearly  all  of  this  kind  in  pots  seemed  in 
distress  iit  the  end  of  ,Iuly,  soon  after  they  were 
potted.  We  mixed  charcoal,  well  broken,  with  equal 
parts  of  soot  and  lime,  which  seems  (pro lim.)  to  have 


arrested  the  progress  of  the  disease.  The  plants 
have  cast  a  number  of  old  leaves,  and  new  ones  have 
been  formed.  We  should  be  thankful  to  have  the 
advice  of  any  practical  men  who  have  h.ad  similar 
experience.  Our  whole  stock  of  plants  outside  of 
the  kinds  referred  to  are  dead.  It  was  a  special 
favourite  for  first  crop.  Si'cf. 

AGAPANTHUS  UMBELLATUS— With  us,  among 
the  plants  which  the  hot  summer  has  suited  best,  are 
Agapanthus  nmbellatus.  The  white-fiowered  one, 
pLanted  out  last  autumn,  and  unprotected,  has  a  head 
with  sixty  fiowers  ;  the  blue  form,  and  A.  Mooreanus, 
the  small-flowered  one,  had  a  wicker  hen-coop  with 
bracken  through  the  bars  over  them  in  winter,  and 
are  in  bloom.  Crinum  Powelli  has  bloomed  beauti- 
fullv,  and  a  friend  here  has  given  me  C.  Macowani. 
I  planted  offsets,  which  stood  the  winter,  but  were 
too  small  to  bloom  ;  and  a  Belladonna  Lily  on  the 
to])  of  a  mound  had  two  stems,  one  witli  eight,  the 
other  with  six  flowers  ;  but  perhaps  the  different 
varieties  of  Lilium  speciosum  have  gained  most  from 
the  long  heat,  as  they  have  bloomed  earlier  than 
usual,  and  so  have  escaped  frost  injuring  the  flowers. 
George  F.  Wilson, 

SPLIT-POD  CARNATIONS.  —  These  are  always 
olijectiouable,  let  the  blooms  be  ever  so  fine,  but  at 
least  they  refuse  to  seed,  and  that  is  satisfactory. 
The  flower-pod  or  decaying  calyx  when  examined 
invariably  shows  a  hard  green  bud,  containing  an  em- 
bryo flower,  showing  that  in  all  these  exceptionally 
double  fiowers  the  anthers  had  become  changed  into 
petals.  Of  a  big  batch  of  plants,  which  are  seeding 
freely,  only  10  |)er  cent,  have  thus  demoralised  pods. 
I  find  again  that  these  big  burst  flowers  generally 
come  in  clusters  in  the  steins,  whereas  fair-sized, 
clean-formed  fiowers  come  generally  singly  or  in 
pairs,  and  are  therefore  all  the  more  acceptable  for 
cutting.  The  hot  dry  season  seems  to  have  been 
peculiarly  favourable  to  the  production  of  seed  from 
good  double  flowers.  A.  B. 

VERONICA  CUPRESSOIDES  AND  V.  SALICOR- 
NIOIDES.— I  was  glad  to  see  Mr.  Kolfe's  note  on  this 
subject  at  p.  303,  but  I  must  say  that,  to  my  mind, 
the' point  raised  by  "D."  (p.  247)  is  left  unsettled  by 
anything  that  is  advanced  in  that  note.  True  Mr. 
Eolfe  throws  the  weight  of  his  authority,  backed  by 
the  authority  of  Kew,  on  the  side  of  "  D.,"  and 
aftirms  his  belief  that  the  latter  is  right  in  his  state- 
ment, that  the  plant  known  in  gardens  as  V.  sali- 
cornioides  is  V.  cupressoides.  Hook,  fil.,  but  he  does 
so,  I  venture  to  think,  on  very  slight  grounds. 
Referring  to  a  specimen  growing  in  his  own 
garden,  he  says,  "But  this  very  plant  I  have 
long  known  as  V.  cupressoides,  and  I  be- 
lieve I  received  it  as  such,  though  I  cannot  be 
quite  certain  now  as  to  this  point."  This  uncer- 
tainty as  to  the  origin  il  name  of  the  specimen 
spoken  of  is  regretable.  The  description  of  it 
however,  which  follows,  leaves  little  doubt  on  my 
mind  that  it  is  the  plant  hitherto  known  as  V.  sali- 
cornioides.  "  It  is,"  Mr.  Rolfe  says,  "  a  dense 
excessively  branched  bush,  with  me,  less  than 
6  inches  high,  and  always  procumbent  in  habit." 
This  description  accurately  fits  the  last  named 
species,  wherever  I  have  seen  it  in  gardens,  but  it  in 
no  way  .agrees  with  livingspecimens  of^V.  cupressoides, 
nor  does  it  agree  with  Hooker's  description  of  the 
latter  species,  but  it  unquestionably  does  so,  in  as  far 
as  it  goes,  with  that  of  the  former.  Mr.  Kolfe  says, 
"  the  ultimate  appeal  as  to  which  is  which  of  the  two 
must  depend  upon  the  original  specimens,"  and  he 
further  quotes  a  note  which  ''e  finds  attached  to  one 
of  the  original  specimens,  and  which  I  presume  is  V. 
cupressoides.  The  note  is  : — "  It  forms  a  thick  bush, 
between  5  and  6  fnet  high,  where  I  found  it  on  the 
npper  Wairaw,  4000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
I  h.ave  also  found  it  .at  Tarndale.  1500  feet  higher, 
but  not  more  in  growth  than  a  foot.  The  flowers  are 
violet-coloured."  Now  there  are  two  points  in  this 
description  that  I  would  call  Mr.  Rolfe's  .attention  to, 
first,  the  height  of  the  plant  described.  At  the 
highest  elevations  .at  which  it  is  found  it  is  not  more 
than  a  foot  high,  whMe  at  lower  elevations  it  is  found 
to  be  between  5  and  6  feet  high.  Now  I  would  ask 
has  Mr.  Rolfe  ever  met  with  specimens  of  V.  sali- 
cornioides,  as  found  in  gardens,  more  than  1  foot  high, 
or  has  he  ever  found  specimens  attaining  to  the 
height  of  3  or  more  feet  ?  If  he  has  not,  is  the  pre- 
sumption not  a  fair  one  that  the  note  describes  V. 
cujiressoides  while  it  may  be  attached  to  a  siiecimen 
of  V.  salicornioides?  The  probability  of  this  being 
the  case  is  strengthened  by  the  second  point,  viz., 
the  colour  of  the  flowers,  which  are  said  to  be  violet 


Septesiber  17,  1887.] 


THE    QARDEKEBS'     GUI?  ON  I  CLE. 


345 


iu  the  note  ami  also  in  tlie  description  of  the  former 
species  in  Hookers  Handboofc  of  tha  yew  Zealand 
Flora.  There  is  nothing  I  maintain  in  the  note  dis- 
agreeing with  the  original  description  of  this  species 
in  the  author's  handbook,  but  it  is  quite  probable 
that  there  may  be  confusion  among  the  specimens  ; 
and  this,  it  appears  to  me,  is  the  point  to  be  settled, 
before  reliance  can  Ije  placed  on  tlie  original  speci- 
mens. As  something  tou-ards  a  solution  of  the 
question,  I  may  say  that  I  have  recently  seen  the 
flowers  of  V.  salicornioides,  as  so  named  in  gardens, 
and  that  they  are  pure  wliite,  about  {-inch  across  the 
limb,  the  anthers  bright  red.  It  only  remains  for  me 
to  notice  Mr.  Rolfe's  statement,  that  1  appear 
"exactly  to  transpose  the  descriptions  of  the  two 
species."  In  this  he  is  simply  in  error,  except,  in- 
deed, the  author  or  his  publisher  may  have  tampered 
with  my  copy — an  improbability  which  I  am  suie 
Jlr.  Rolfe  \youId  not  seriously  entertain,  or,  if  he  did, 
would  hardly  hold  me  responsible  for  the  result.  E. 

I  was  much  interested  in  the  communication 

of  your  correspondent,  "  E.."  at  p.  276.  respecting  a 
note  of  mine  on  the  identification  of  the  above  plant. 
*'  K."  appears  entirely  satisfied  with  his  conclusions, 
although  to  myself,  and  doubtless  to  others,  there  is 
much  that  is  ambiguous,  and  quite  beside  the  point. 
I  was  not  altogether  ignorant,  as  "  E."  infers,  about 
the  two  plants  being  in  the  Edinburgh  Botanic 
Garden  ;  but  as  I  liad  not  seen  them  for  some  time, 
I  thought  it  much  better,  in  the  absence  of  notes, 
not  to  trust  to  memory  in  describing  them.  I  was 
also  perfectly  well  aware  of  the  two  plants  being 
cultivated  by  the  late  I.  A.  Henry,  Esq.,  Hay  Lodge, 
and  the  very  plant  I  worked  with  in  the  first  instance 
was  the  one  sent  to  us  by  that  gciitlemaa  in  1879 
under  its  well  known  name  of  V.  salicornioides.  I 
had  also  seen  the  plant  in  many  gardens  about  the 
country  under  this  name,  and  have  many  times  been 
struck  with  its  variable  habit  in  dift'erent  localities. 
"  E."  assumes  also  that  I  was  aware  of  two  specific 
forms  being  in  cultivation ;  but  he  assumes  too 
much.  I  am  aware  only  of  two  forms  of  one 
species,  the  one  a  low  somewhat  i>rocumbent 
form,  and  the  other  of  upright  habit,  and  I  have 
seen  the  former  variety  somewhat  change  its  more 
usual  habits  when  grown  exposed  on  the  dry  hills 
near  Dorking  and  elsewhei'c.  Tlirough  the  courtesv 
of  Mr.  Lindsay,  of  Edinburgh.  I  have  seen  a  branch 
of  each  of  the  varieties  mentioned,  and  labelled,  to 
wit,  with  the  names  under  which  I  kneiv  them  long 
before  my  note  was  penned.  I  am  still  of  the  same 
opinion,  backed  by  the  authorities  of  Kew  Herbarium, 
that  the  plant  known  in  English  gardens  as  V.  sali- 
cornioides is  really  V.  cupressoides,  and  the  plant 
known  at  Edinburgh  under  the  latter  name,  to 
which  "  E."  refers,  is,  no  doubt  an  upright  form  of 
this  same  species.  Were  "  E."  better  acquainted 
with  the  variations  in  New  Zealand  plants  generally, 
and  Veronicas  in  particular,  he  would  readily  see  his 
way  to  include  the  one  in  the  other.  I  acknowledge 
the  size  of  the  leaves  being  a  very  dubious  character, 
but  "E."  very  judiciously  ignored  the  sectional  dif- 
ference I  pointed  out,  and  which  entirely  separates 
the  one  species  from  the  other.  Since  Sir  J.  D. 
Hooker  described  the  Veronicas  in  the  New  Zealand 
Flora,  they  have  been  carefully  studied,  and  the 
living  plants  fully  worked  out  by  J.  B.  Armstrong, 
Esq.,  a  synopsis  being  published  "in  the  Transactions 
of  the  New  Zealand  Imtitutc,  August,  1880,  where 
the  sections  or  series  referred  to  are  defined, 
as  well  as  the  size  of  the  leaves  given  in  my  note, 
the  autlior's  name  being  unfortunately  omitted  by 
mistake.  For  the  benefit  of  those  interested,  it  will 
perhaps  be  as  well  to  give  them  again  as  they  stand 
in  the  synopsis  referred  to : — Series  A,  Leaves  in  dis- 
tinct opposite  pairs ;  V.  cupressoides.  Series  B. 
Leaves  deeply  imbricated,  opposite  pairs  connate  at 
the  base,  branches  square:  V.  salicornioides.  The 
above  definition  to  anyone  who  has  seen  specimens 
is  quite  satisfactory;  but  as  your  correspondent 
"  E."  refers  to  the  New  Zealand  Flora.  I  append 
the  synopsis  and  descriptions  by  the  author 
of  the  two  sjiecies,  V.  salicornioides,  branches 
terete,  leaves  truncate ;  V.  cupressoides,  leaves  in 
distant  opposite  pairs,  and  the  descriptions  i-un 
thus  : — V.  cupressoides,  a  dense  excessivelj'-branched 
bush,  1—13  feet  high,  branches  erect,  fastigiate, 
slender,  glabrous ;  leaves  very  minute,  one-tenth  of 
an  inch  long,  ovate,  oblong,  obtuse,  not  broader 
than  the  branch,  opposite  pairs  connate  at  the 
base,  erect,  or  appressed,  glabrous,  fleshy  ;  flowers 
very  small,  three  or  four  at  the  end  of  the  slender 
branchlets ;  bracts  much  larger  than  sepals,  both 
broadly  oblong,  obtuse,  not  ciliated.  V.  sali- 
cornioides, a  small  much  branched  erect  or  ascending 
woody  species,  yellow-gi-een  when   dry  ;    branches 


with  the  leaves  on  terete,  1-lOth  —  l-12th  inch 
diameter ;  leaves  closely  imbricating,  and  closely 
ajipressed  to  and  adnate  witli  the  branches,  ex- 
tremely short,  opposite  pairs  connate  almost 
throughout  their  entire  length,  each  pair  forming  a 
narrow  ring  l-12th — 1-lOth  inch  deep  around  the 
branch  ;  truncate,  scarcely  acute,  minutely  ciliate, 
flowers  in  small  short  oblong  terminal  three  to  six- 
flowered  heads ;  raehis  villous  ;  bracts  short  and  very 
broad :  sepals  oblong,  obtuse.  With  the  above 
description  for  the  plant  labelled  in  gardens  as  such 
"  E."  seems  perfectly  satisfied  ;  but  had  he  compared 
that  description  carefully  with  the  plant  he  would  at 
once  have  seen  that,  allowing  even  for  very  great 
variation,  it  would  be  impossible  to  make  them 
agree.  Compared,  however,  with  the  description  of 
V.  cupressoides  it  answers  entirely  in  all  but  the  low 
habit,  which,  1  believe,  is  not  always  constant.  The 
branch  1  received  from  Edinburgh  as  V.  sali- 
cornioides has  the  leaves  in  distinct  opjjosite 
pairs,  connate  at  the  base,  erect  but  rarely 
appressed,  ovate,  oblong,  obtuse,  and  fleshy.  In  the 
plant  labelled  V.  cupressoides  the  habit  is  upright, 
the  pairs  of  leaves  distinct,  and  more  distant,  in  some 
few  cases  only,  connate  at  the  base,  ovate,  oblong, 
fleshy,  and  with  a  ridge  of  short  hairs  on  the  stems 
alternate  with  the  pairs  of  leaves.  Of  coui'se  in  the 
absence  of  flowers  and  fruit  it  will  perhaps  be  better 
not  to  say  definitely  what  the  latter  plant  really  is, 
but  cveiy  thing  in  leaves,  habit,  &c., agrees  entirly  with 
V.  cujiressoides,  and  will  not  indeed  begin  to  do  for 
any  allied  species.  It  will  perhaps  be  interesting  to 
note  the  curious  effect  tliat  heat  or  dense  shade  has 
on  the  plant  known  as  V.  salicornioides  ;  under  these 
conditions  the  branches  grow  up  erect,  but  very  weak, 
the  leaves  lengthen,  become  almost  linear,  obtuse, 
and  curved  away  from  the  branches.  The  lower 
ones  are  much  broader,  and  in  sotne  instances  trifid.  In 
the  open  air  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  it  never 
assumes  the  fine  bushy  habit  that  it  does  in  the  Edin- 
burgh Botanic  Garden.  Mr.  K.  A.  Kolfe  has  not 
properly  understood  the  question  at  issue  between 
"  E.''  and  myself,  and  his  remarks  (see  p.  303)  are 
altogether  beside  the  point.  D.  [Our  correspondent 
sends  a  specimen  of  V.  salicornioides,  which  he  says 
corresponds  with  the  type.  V.  cupressoides  (V. 
salicornioides  of  gardens)  is  quite  different.  Ed.] 


Scotland. 


MCSHROOJI   GROWING   IN  A  RAILWAY 
TUNNEL. 

The  attractive  exhibition  of  Mushrooms  made  by 
the  Scottish  Mushroom  Company  at  the  last  show  of 
the  Royal  Caledonian  Horticultural  Society  was  an 
interesting  feature  of  the  show.  The  samples  were 
shown  in  punnets  or  baskets,  containing  about  1  lb. ; 
also  singly,  to  give  an  idea  of  single  specimens  of  the 
larger  size  ;  while  in  a  jardiniere  or  glass  case  the 
process  of  growth  was  well  illustrated  by  bold  clusters 
starting  from  the  surface  of  the  artificial  bed.  The 
general  public  in  Scotland  are  as  yet  hardly  so  much 
interested  in  Mushrooms  and  JIushroom  growing  as 
in  England.  The  old  prejudice  against  Soyer's 
"  Pearl  of  the  Fields,"  founded  on  nothing  better  than 
the  traditional  classific.ition  of  all  funguses  as 
"  toadstools,"  has  a  powerful  hold  on  the  average 
Scotsman  who  has  not  travelled.  He  is  apt  to  view 
them  as  they  were  viewed  in  Spenser's  time,  who 
says,  in  Faerie  Queen  ; — 

"  The  gi'isly  toadstool  grown  there  might  I  see, 
And  loathed  paddocks  lording  on  the  same." 

But  all  this  is  passing  away,  slowly  it  may  be,  but 
surely.  Considerable  progress  has  been  made  within 
the  last  twenty  years  in  dispelling  the  ignorance  that 
prevailed,  and  yet  too  much  prevails,  respecting  the 
value  of  Mushrooms  and  other  funguses  as  food  for 
the  people.  Mushroom-eating  people  in  the  South, 
have,  however,  had  some  advantages  over  us  in  the 
North  ;  they  have  had,  for  not  a  few  years,  what  mav 
be  called  Mushroom  farms  in  their  midst,  and  are 
fiimiliar  with  the  produce  of  those  farms.  In  the 
North  we  are  only  beginning  to  realise  that  such  a 
farm  is  not  only  practicable  but  likely  to  become  a 
profitable  enterprise. 

The  Scottish  Mushroom  Company  is  the  first  firm 
that  has  taken  up  the  business  of  Mushroom  culture 


in  Scotland  in  a  wholesale  manner.  The  company 
was  formed  in  May  last  and  obtained  the  dis- 
used tunnel  of  the  North  British  Railway,  known 
as  the  Scotland  Street  Tunnel.  The  tunnel 
is  nearly  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in  length 
and  stretches  in  a  northern  direction  from 
Waverley  station,  Edinburgh,  under  the  new  part 
of  the  city  to  Scotland  Street  station,  where  it 
terminates.  It  has  been  disused  for  the  purpose  of 
trattic  for  over  twenty  years,  but  is,  notwithstanding 
in  iliirly  good  condition.  It  is  24  feet  wide,  and  the 
rails  being  left  intact  aflord  the  facility  of  carrying 
manure,  &c.,  to  any  point  in  the  tunnel  with  great 
economy;  in  fact,  the  railway  waggons  that  carry  the 
material  to  the  station  are  simply  backed  up  the 
rails  by  the  engine  to  any  point  wished,  and  left 
there  till  they  arc  wanted.  It  was  feared  that  the 
smoke  and  vapour  from  the  engine  would  have  an 
injurious  efi'ect  on  the  pioduce,  but  so  far  there  has 
been  nothing  to  complain  of  in  this  respect.  Pre- 
cautions are,  however,  taken  by  the  management  to 
prevent  too  frequent  a  use  of  the  engine  inside  the 
tunnel,  once,  or  at  most  twice,  a  week  being 
found  sufficient  to  meet  the  requirements.  Water 
is  laid  on  on  one  side  of  the  tunnel  with  taps 
at  convenient  distances  from  each  other,  and  the 
requisite  watering  is  done  from  these  by  means  of  a 
hose.  Everything,  in  short,  is  arranged  with  a  view- 
to  convenience  and  economy  of  labour.  The  tunnel 
is  also  divided  into  three  compartments  by  trans- 
verse partitions  with  sliding  doors  on  the  roadway, 
so  that  draughts  may  be  eft'ectually  prevented. 
There  is  no  means  of  heating  except  what  may  be 
obtained  from  the  immense  mass  of  manure  that  is 
useJ.  But  the  fact  that  the  temperature  within  the 
tunnel  during  last  winter,  when  observations  were 
taken  for  the  purpose  of  attesting  its  fitness  in  this 
respect,  averaged  about  50°,  tliere  appears  to  be  no 
reason  to  anticipate  any  dilliculty  in  regard  to  suflS- 
cient  warmth. 

The  beds  are  made  on  the  floor  on  both  sides  the 
single  line  of  i-ails  that  forms  the  sole  roadway 
through  tlie  tunnel.  Those  on  the  left,  passing  from 
Scotland  Street  station,  are  foimed  against  the  wall 
about  4  feet  wide,  and  are  almost  continuous  for 
about  200  yards.  Those  on  the  right  occupy  a 
width  of  about  1.5  feet.  Part  of  the  first  compart- 
ment has  been  formed  so  that  the  beds  range  longi- 
tudinally the  full  width  of  the  space  on  the  right— a 
plan  obviously  inconvenient  for  the  purpose  of 
gathering  the  crop  and  other  operations.  All  the 
other  beds  are  laid  transversely  in  ridge  form,  each 
ridge  having  a  base  of  about  3  feet  by  about  2.J.  feet 
high,  the  sides  tapering  to  an  apex  of  nearly  18  inches 
wide.  A  narrow  path  separates  each.  There  are  about 
800  yards  of  the  tunnel  already  occupied  with  beds 
which,  if  placed  end  to  end,  would  extend  to  fully 
two  miles  in  length.  Many  of  the  earlier  beds  are 
now  giving  crops,  and  have  a  most  promising  ap- 
pearance, and  the  quality  leaves  nothing  to  be 
desired.  There  is  a  staff  of  fourteen  or  fifteen 
men  employed.  The  offices,  which  are  at  ihe  Scot- 
land Street  end  of  the  tunnel  consist  of  a  preparing 
shed  60  yards  by  4  yards,  an  ample  packing  and 
sorting  room,  and  a  convenient  counting-house,  or 
manager's  office. 

Mr.  Handasyde  late  of  the  Nurseries,  Mussel- 
burgh, is  tlie  projector  and  the  manager  of  this  latest 
Scotch  horticultural  enterprise.  The  undertaking 
is  a  bold  one,  but  it  is  in  good  hands.  Every 
arrangement  appears  to  be  complete  and  well  con- 
ceived, and  it  only  remains  for  the  public  to  extend 
that  patronage  and  support  which  it  deserves,  to 
render  it  a  splendid  commercial  success.  [The  sample 
sent  us  is  very  good  and  even,  but  too  long  in  the 
stalk.  Ed.] 

Glasgow  and  West   or   Scotland   Hokticultckal 

SOCIETV. 

September  7.— This  was  the  largest  exhibition  held 
for  years  in  the  St.  Andrew's  Hall.  In  quality  it 
fairly  excelled  most  of  its  predecessors,  and  although 
it  is  always  a  gi'eat  show  it  is  one  generally  repre- 
sentative of  the  district. 

Pot  plants.—  In   rfsjiect  of  quality  and  size  and 


34(5 


THE    GAliDlSNi:R8'    CUnoniCLR 


[SErXESIEEI!  17,  188?. 


variety  we  have  seen  much  better  before.  No  doubt 
such  examples  as  that  of  Erica  Austiniaiia,  from  >rr. 
Thos.  Hogg.  gr.  to  John  Gordon,  Esq.,  of  Aitkenheail, 
which  tooli  tlie  premier  prize  as  the  best  plant  in  the 
show,  would  be  difficult  to  beat  anywhere,  but  the  bulk 
of  them  were  only  moderate  in  quality.  The  tables  for 
effect  were  good  without  being  superlatively  so,  par- 
ticuUavly  those  from  Jlr.  G.  Meston,  gr.,  Murcia 
House,  PoUockshiels,  who  took  the  Society's  Gold 
Medal ;  from  Mr.  Kaesido.  gr.,  Parkhill ;  and  from 
the  President's  garden  .it  Partick — the  latter  being 
rather  overcrowded  with  showy  Crotons,  but  very 
nicely  arranged. 

Cut  flowers  were,  as  a  lot,  a  gi-acd  exhibition.  Tlie 
Dahlias  from  Mr.  JI.  Campbell,  Blantyrc  ;  from  Mr. 
J.  Sutherland,  Lenzie  ;  from  Mr.  Hogg,  Aitkenhead  ; 
from  Mr.  R.  Smith,  Harewood  ;  Mr.  Archb.  Park, 
Cardross;  and,  indeed,  the  whole  exhibits,  covering 
a  t.ible  which  took  nearly  one  of  the  anterooms 
for  themselves,  were  a  sight  that  will  not  easily  be 
forgot.  The  single  Dahlias  from  Jlr.  Campbell,  Irom 
Jlr.  Park,  and  from  Mr:  D.  ^McBain,  were  charming  as 
varieties,  and  for  the  nice  style  in  which  they  were  put 
up.  The  Hollyhocks  .are  .again  to  the  front,  .although  not 
so  good  as  we  remember  tliem  twenty  years  ago,  the 
best  coming  from  5Ir.  M.  Campbell,  Blantyre.  The 
herbaceous  plants  are  now  shown  to  attract  attention 
— put  up  much  in  the  same  way,  in  tri.angular  bouquets, 
as  were  the  single  Dalili.as  and  the  Violas ;  and  they 
look  admirable  so  arranged.  Formerly  the  exhibits 
in  this  way  were  uninviting— too  much  of  the  funereal 
aspect  about  them— but  in  the  w.ay  Jlr.  Stewart, 
Campsie  ;  Mr.  Meikleour,  Bridge  ol  Weir  ;  and  others 
showed  them,  tliey  attracted  very  much  attention. 
Tlie  gener.al  look  of  all  flowers  showed  how  favourable 
a  season  we  have  been  passing  through,  looking  to 
the  general  exhibits  and  to  the  quality. 

Fruit  was  much  finer  than  we  remember  to  have  seen 
it  here.  The  collections,  although  not  so  good  as 
at  Edinburgh,  were  excellent.  Mr.  D.  McBain,  Craig 
Ends,  Johnstone,  won  easily  with  about  the  best 
Alicante  Grapes  we  ever  saw  exhibited,  without 
flaw,  and  heavy  bunches  ;  the  other  sorts  being  also 
good.  Koyal  George  Peaches  had  evidently  been  kept 
back,  but  were  still  of  tine  quality ;  and  Elruge  Xectar- 
ines.  Magnum  Bonums,  Kirke's,  and  other  Plums  as 
good  as  possible;  Figs.  Pears,  and  excellent  Apples, 
also  Melons,  making  up  a  showy  and  well  finished  lot. 
Mr.  J.  Thomson,  gi-.,  Broomhill,  Partick,  showed 
Black  Hamburghs  which  were  all  that  could 
be  desired.  Mr.  Crosljy,  from  the  Duke  of  Montrose, 
Buchanan  House,  was  an  excellent  2nd.  This  ex- 
hibitor had  the  best  Musc.Us,  and  his  Stirling  Castle 
Apples  were  in  such  fettle,  that  one  could  scarcely 
recognise  them  for  their  immense  size  and  excellent 
finish  but  for  the  prominent  eye,  which  is  .always  con- 
spicuous in  this  meritorious  variety.  All  the  fruit 
lots  were  good,  and  w  hat  added  considerably  to  their 
interest  was  the  large  number  of  the  exhibits.  The 
best  Peaches  came  from  Mr.  IMcBain,  the  best  Nec- 
tarines from  Mr.  Crosby,  the  best  Plums  from  Mr. 
Gordon,  Dryman ;  the  best  baking  and  dessert  Apples 
from  Mr.  Robert,  Strathden.  Mr.  JlcConnachie, 
Cameron  House,  showed  excellently  in  the  collec- 
tions of  fruit ;  and  of  hardy  fruit  the  best  lot  came 
from  Mr.  Wilson,  Anchincruive. 

Vegetables  were  enormous  in  size,  generally  speak- 
ing, and  correspondingly  good  in  quality.  The 
"blue  ribbon  "of  the  d.ay  went  to  Mr.  Hogg,  Ait- 
kenhead, closely  followed  by  Mr.  JIcBain,  for  Cauli- 
flowers, Celery,  Beet,  Parsnips,  French  Beans,  Cab- 
bages, Marrows,  Onions,  Carrots,  Turnips,  Leeks, 
and  Peas.  There  was  a  very  notable  exhibition  of 
Potatos— nothing  better  among  the  lot  of  them 
than  the  Village  Blacksmith,  which  both  looks  and 
eats  well.  Veitch's  Giant  Cauliflower  was  1st 
everywhere. 

Amateurs  struggle  with  each  other  in  pot  pl.ants, 
some  of  them  exceedingly  creditably,  as  this  class, 
has  generally,  under  the  Scotch  heading,  to  exhibit 
witliout  the  help  of  much  glass.  They  try  almost 
every  description  of  plant,  from  Ericas  downward, 
but  judging  from  the  exhibits  they  are  most  formid- 
a,')le  with  Liliums— both  lancifolium  and  its  v.arieties, 
and  auratum  being  their  famous  articles  formeasuring 


strength  with :  and  admirable  tliey  were — Messrs. 
Walter  Buchanan,  John  Nicol,  and  John  Jamieson 
showing  well.  Their  vegetable  lots  were  generally 
good  and  well  contested  for.  Possibly  they  were 
more  deficient  in  "  big  Leeks"  this  year  than  hereto- 
fore, which  is  to  be  accounted  for  by  the  long  spell 
of  dry  weather.  The  Leek  is  a  plant  that  can  do 
— if  you  want  to  have  it  ot  Brobdingnagian  size — 
with  perpetual  moisture.  A. 

Royal    C.iledonias    Horticultctkat.    Societv    at 
Edixbcrgh  ;    Ixsectivorocs  Plants. 

The  excellent  table  of  Nepenthes  and  other 
insectivorous  plants,  &c.,  staged  at  the  autumn  exhi- 
bition, on  AVednesday  last,  September  7,  in  the 
Waverley  Market,  Edinburgh,  by  Mr.  Lindsay,  the 
able  Curator  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  deserves  a 
more  detailed  notice  than  has  so  far  been  accorded  to 
it.  Surely  so  unique  and  curious  a  collection  of 
plants  deserves  recording,  especially  when  so  much 
space  is  devoted  to  some  fruit  of  which,  at  this  par- 
ticular season,  tons  could  be  forthcoming,  whereas 
there  are  not  many  gardens  in  the  United  Kingdom 
from  which  such  a  collection  of  Nepenthes  could  be 
brought  together.  Variety  and  character  was  given 
to  the  group  by  some  fine  specimen  economic  ]»Iant3 
9  to  12  feet  high,  viz.,  the  Bread-fruit  ( Artocarpus 
incisa),  the  Cow  tree  (Galactodendron  utile),  the 
Seaside  Grape  (Coccoloba  pubescens),  the  Coca 
(Erythroxylon  Coca),  forming  the  centre  around 
which  some  gi-acelul  Ferns,  grandspecimen  Nepenthes, 
and  Sarrrcenias,  were  artistically  grouped,  \vliilst 
Droseras,  Diona>a  Muscipula,  .and  some  pans  of  small 
leaved  aquatics  g.ave  a  finish  to  the  whole. 

The  Venus'  Fly-trap  (Dionaa  Muscijnila)  were 
exceptionally  good  ;  individual  plants  measui'ed  10 
to  12  inches  through,  having  "traps"  1}  inch  long 
by  1.}  incli  across.  These  were  pronounced  by  some 
old  exhibitors  to  be  the  largest  they  had  ever  seen 
exhibited. 

The  aquatics,  AzoUa  pinnata,  Salvinia  natans, 
Pontederia  crassipes,  exhibited  in  pans  of  watei',  were 
of  considerable  interest  and  attraction  to  the  visitors. 

Drosera  binata,  D.  capensis,  and  D.  rotundi  folia, 
witli  the  curious  Drosophyllum  lusit.anicum,  tlie  Por- 
tuguese representative,  were  particularly  well  grown, 
the  leaves  covered  with  abundance  of  their  cliarac- 
terlstic  glandular  hairs. 

The  Sarracenias,  fine  bushy  plants,  with  fiom 
seven  to  thirty  trumpet-shaped  pitchers  (according  to 
their  rarity),  were  represented  by  the  deep  purple 
S.  purpurea,  S.  crispata,  S.  flava,  the  white  spotted 
S.  Drummondl,  S.  D.  alba,  and  S.  variolaris,  the 
distinct  and  handsome  S.  flava  ornata,  the  rare 
hybrids  S.  PatersoniX,  S.  Mitchellianax,  S.  Mad- 
disonianax,  and  S.  ToUiana,  made  an  excellent 
variation. 

Amongst  Ferns  a  fine  specimen  of  Davallia  Tyer- 
nianni  major  (a  seedling  raised  in  the  Royal  Botanic 
Gardens)  D.  heterophylla,  D.  hirsuta  var.  angustata, 
a  few  dwarf  forms  of  Davallias  and  others,  were  par- 
ticularly handsome,  adding  an  air  of  lightness  to  the 
group. 

The  post  of  honour  was  certainly  occupied  by  the 
large  specimen  Nepenthes,  amongst  which  the  fol- 
lowing were  the  most  noteworthy  : — N.  sanguinea, 
N.  Veitchii,  N.  albo-m.arglnata,  N.  .ampuUivrla,  with 
its  two  varieties,  N.  a.  vlttata  and  N.  a.  vittata 
major,  the  first  having  some  seventy  of  its  small 
stem-clustered,  egg-shaped  urns  or  pitchers ;  N. 
phyll.amphora,  N.  Hookeriana,  Low ;  N.  H.  elon- 
gata.  Low ;  N.  Raftlesiana,  W.  Jack  (the  N. 
Rafflesiaiia,  Hort.,  tlie  N.  Hookeriana,  Hort.) ;  and  two 
natty  little  pitchers  which  make  excellent  t.able 
plants,  viz.,  N.  lajvis  and  N.  gracilis  ;  the  true  N. 
dlstlUatoria  (N.  zeylanica,  Hort.),  N.  Khasiana  (the 
N.  distillatoria,  Hort.) ;  last,  but  not  the  least  of  the 
species,  N.  cincta,  which  promises  to  jirove  one  of 
the  very  best  in  cultivation— a  free  grower,  develop- 
ing pitchers  at  every  leaf ;  the  corrugated  ruby-purple 
margin  to  its  purjjle  spotted  pitcher  being  very  con- 
spicuous, the  shape  as  it  developes  (each  new  pitcher 
being  larger  than  the  last)  strongly  reminding  one  of 
N.  Lindleyana,  Low,  or  il  a  little  more  funnel-shaped 


of  the  drawings  of  the  as  yet  unfortunately  nnintro- 
duced  N.  Pervillei.  Almost  the  only  species  in  cul- 
tivation unrepresented  in  this  exhibition — singular 
to  say — is  the  one  of  which  the  oldest  records  are 
known.  I  allude  to  N.  madagascarlensis,  which  I 
am  informed  is  still  a  "  desideratum  "  at  the  Royal 
Bot.anic  Gardens,  Edinburgh.  Of  a  large  number  of 
hybrids  the  best  were; — N.  MastersiauaX.  the  dis- 
tinct green  form  of  N.  Dominl.anaX,  N.  Chelsonix, 
N.  iutermedlax,  N.  JIorgiina;X,  N.  Williamsix, 
and  several  good  seedlings  raised  in  the  gardens. 

I  must  not  forget  various  cut  flowers  of  hybrid 
Hedychlums  raised  in  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens 
and  a  bunch  of  double  Heather  (Calluna  vulgaris 
fl.-pl.),  perhaps  the  most  beautiful  double  flower  I 
have  ever  seen,  reminding  one  of  a  miniature  Prunus 
triloba  it  is  surprising  that  this  old  and  extremely 
beautiful  plant  is  not  more  generally  cultivated.  H'. 
E.  DLeon. 


TUBEROUS      BEGONIAS      AT 
MESSRS.  L.'i-IXG   &   CO.'S   NURSERY. 

It  was  quite  a  surprise  to  see  the  amount  of  bloom 
on  these  plants  on  beds  in  the  open.  There  are 
more  than  80.000  bedded  out  in  long  rectangular 
beds,  and  within  full  view  of  the  passers-by  on  the 
high  road.  The  varied  colouring,  its  richness,  bril- 
liancy, and  quantity  make  a  most  remarkable  exhi- 
bition, and  go  far  to  prove  the  perfect  suitability  of 
these  easily  gro\vn  plants  for  the  decoration  of  the 
garden,  for'while  the  Pelargonium,  its  nearest  equal 
as  a  bedding  or  vase  plant,  is  out  of  bloom  generally 
in  the  soutliern  parts  of  the  kingdom,  the  Begonia 
is  in  full  flower,  and  will  remain  so  until  frosts  cut 
off'  its  beauties.  The  foliage,  in  opposition  to  that  of 
the  Pelargonium  and  most  other  soft-wooded  plants, 
does  not  lengthen  unduly,  as  the  days  shorten,  and 
moisture  in  the  air  increases.  As  .all  this  variety  of 
colour  and  form  is  obtained  by  sowing  carefully 
hybridised  seeds  of  single  and  double  varieties,  and 
names  are  given  without  limit  to  the  best,  we  cannot 
give  many  of  these,  but  must  refer  the  would-be 
grower  to  the  published  lists.  Standing  out  from  the 
others  in  point  of  size  and  colouring  may  be  men- 
tioned Prince  of  Wales,  a  refulgent  crimson  ;  Prin- 
cess of  Wales,  rose  colour ;  Mrs.  Fetch,  white, 
shaded  with  rose — very  pretty;  Princess  Victoria, 
rose  ;  and  Guardsman,  a  very  bright  scarlet  flower. 

For  massing,  or  for  lines,  or  in  designs  where  a 
decided  quantity  of  colour  is  desired,  these  horizon- 
tally poised,  short-stalked,  floriferous  plants,  will 
become  indispensable  ;  but  for  gracefulness  we  can- 
not help  thinking  they  are  excelled  by  the  pendulous 
forms. 


Societies. 


EOYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

TcEsDAV,  September  13. —  A  small  exhibition, 
not  devoid  of  interest,  assembled  on  the  occasion  of 
the  above  meeting  in  the  conservatory  at  South 
Kensington.  Hardy  cut  flowers.  Dahlias  of  various 
sections,  and  the  different  kind  of  vegetables  that 
were  shown  in  response  to  the  offer  of  special  prizes 
by  sever.al  firms  of  seedsmen,  were  the  chiel  items. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present;  G.  F.  Wilson,  Esq.,  in  the  ch.alr;  and 
Messrs.  Shirlev  Hibberd,  Rev.  W.  Wilkes,  W.  Gold- 
ring,  H.  Herbst,  W.  H.  Lowe,  G.  Duffield.  B.  Wynne, 
W.  Holmes,  R.  Dean,  C  Noble,  C.  Fetch,  J.  Domlnv, 
T.  Balncs,  A.  F.  Lendy,  H.  Turner.  E.  Hill,  M.  t. 
JIasters,  and  A.  Perry. 

The  most  numerous  collection  of  rare  plants  came 
from  the  nursery  of  Messrs.  Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea, 
comprising  two  varieties  of  greenhouse  Rhododen- 
drons, of  which  Tlietis,  a  yellowish-huff,  with  a  good 
sized  truss,  was  the  best :  Crinum  Hildebrandi,  a 
s])ecies  witli  pure  white  flowers  of  moderate  size  for 
the  genus,  with  very  narrow  recurved  segments  and 
projecting  red  st.amens ;  Opllsmenus  albldus,  a 
creeping  grass  with  densely  crowded,  short,  appressed, 
lanceolate,  yellowish  le.aves.  It  will  make  a  good 
plant  for  edgings  to  stages  or  beds  in  stove-houses. 
A  flowering  plant  of  Habenaria  milltaris,  a  terrestrial 
Orchid,  is  remarkable  for  Its  relatively  large  lip, 
which  is  3-lobed,  the  median  lobe  being  again  sub- 
divided into  two;  the  colour  is  a  rich  scarlet. 
Nepenthes  Citrtlsl,  a  handsome  new  species  from 
Borneo,  with  long  trumjiet-like  pitchers  6—6  inches 


?EPtKj;BEE    1",    1887 


THE    GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


347 


long,  on  tlip  ends  of  the  tendril-like  extension  of  the 
li-af.  The  pitchers  are  green,  blotched  with  piiri>Iisli- 
hrown,  provided  with  two  narrow,  fringed  wings  in 
front,  the  mouth  surrounded  by  a  revolute  margin 
Hnelv  ribbed  with  brownish  ribs  mottled  with  ycllow- 
isli-green  blotches,  and  surmounted  by  an  ovate- 
acute  lip  of  a  greenish  colour,  beautifully  veined 
and  mottled  with  lilac.  The  leaves  are  glaucous. 
N.  cylindricax  is  a  hybrid  raised  in  Messrs. 
Veitch's  establishment.  It  has  long,  trumpet-like 
pitchers,  winged  in  front,  and  of  a  green  colour.  It 
is  not  so  ornamental  as  many  others.  Impatiens 
Sultani,  with  the  green  leaves  edged  with  yel- 
low, affords  variety,  but  otherwise,  in  our  opinion 
at  least,  ofl'ers  no  improveisent  on  the  original. 
Masdevallia  culex,  shown  by  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence, 
which  received  a  Botanical  Certificate,  is  a  most 
curious  little  plant,  well  illustrating  Professor 
Keichenbach's  happy  facility  in  imposing  appropriate 
names  to  the  plants  he  describes.  Tlie  flowers  in 
this  case  are  borne  on  the  wire-like  branches  of  a 
panicle,  and  with  tlieir  gauzy  and  spotted  segments 
almost  exactly  resemble  gnats.  It  received  a  Bo- 
tanical Certificate.  A  flowering  plant  of  Habenavia 
militaris,  a  teiTCStrial  Orchid,  is  remarkable  for  its 
relatively  large  lip,  which  is  3-lobed,  the  median 
lobe  being  again  subdivided  into  two :  the  colour  is 
a  rich  scarlet.  Dendrobium  stratiotes,  figured  in  the 
Gardcntrs'  Chronicle.  1886,  Vol.  xxvi..  p.  177,  came 
also  from  Burford  Lodge.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
long  erect,  twisted  sepals,  which  give  a  singular  ap- 
pearance to  the  flower.  The  lip  is  white,  with  a  net- 
work of  purplish  veins. 

Mr.  Ballantine,  gr.,  The  Dell,  Egham,  exhibHed 
Saccolabium  cteleste,  a  small-flowered  species,  with 
whitish  segments,  the  fore-part  of  the  lip  being 
tinged  with  pale  blue.  The  plant  shown  was 
hardly  in  good  form  at  present;  and  Odonto- 
glossum  Scbroderianum,  which  species  has  mucli 
of  the  habit  of  0.  vexiUarium,  hut  the  flowers 
are  widely  diflerent.  In  this  plant  the  segments  are 
narrow,  greenish-olive  coloured,  with  purplish  Itrown 
spots  :  the  lip  is  large  and  prominent,  with  a  large 
violet  blotch  at  the  base,  and  a  flat,  white,  roundish 
anterior  lobe. 

Mr.  Cowley,  gr.  to  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq..  Studley 
House,  Shepherd  s  Bush,  exhibited  Aerides  Kohani- 
anum,  the  white  segments  of  whose  flowers  have 
a  violet  blotch  at  the  tips,  the  horn-like  spur  of 
the  lip  being  yellowish,  and  dotted  with  numerous 
minute  brown  spots.  Dendrobium  superbiens,  re- 
markable for  its  long  pseudobulbs  and  raceme  of 
rosy-lilac  flowers,  the  segments  of  which  are  recurved 
so  as  to  give  a  convex  face  to  the  flower  as  a  whole. 

Jlr.  Healey,  gr.  to  A.  C.  Bartholomew,  Esq.,  Park 
House,  Reading,  exhibited  a  trained  ballooon  plant 
of  Schubertia  grandiflora.  This  is  a  stove  climber, 
native  of  Brazil,  like  Physianthus  albens,  but  with 
hairy,  not  glaucous  leaves.  The  leaves  are  oblanceo- 
late,  the  white  trumpet-shaped  flowers  about  2  inches 
long,  borne  in  trusses.  They  have  a  peculiar  fra- 
grance suggestive  of  a  mixture  of  uewdy  mown  hay 
and  Melon.  The  plant  is  very  free,  and  a  desirable 
variety  in  a  stove. 

From  Messrs.  Chantrier  Freres,  Moi'tfontaine, 
Oise,  came  Alocasia  Chantrierix  (A.  Sanderiana  X 
A.  metallica),  partaking  of  the  characteristics  of 
the  former  in  the  greater  degree  ;  the  foliage  is  sagi- 
tate  in  form. 

Mr.  Bateman  showed  Rubus  phronicolasius,  shoots 
of  an  ornamental  Bramble,  tiie  undersides  of  the 
leaves  of  which  are  glauccus-white,  the  berries 
orange-red,  and  supported  on  hairy  stalks.  The 
plant  is  very  ornamental  against  a  wall  or  in  a  cool 
conservjitory. 

ilr.  Cannell  showed  some  Begonias,  the  result  of 
crossing  B.  nitida  and  B.  semperflorens,  evergreen, 
fibrous-rooted  winter-flowering  species ;  with  some  of 
the  tuberous-rooted  forms.  The  flowers  were  smaller 
than  those  of  the  tuberous  varieties,  of  which  they 
had  something  of  the  colour.  The  flowers  were 
variously  malformed,  the  most  common  abnormality 
consisting  in  the  imperfect  condition  of  the  male 
flowers,  and  the  development  of  an  abnormal  number 
of  wings  to  the  seed-vessels.  Some  boxes  of  excellent 
Cactus  Dahlias,  deserving  notice  ;  amongst  the  more 
ephemeral  single-flowered  varieties  M.  T.  Abery, 
a  white  with  scarlet  edge  to  the  florets,  is  telling;  as 
is  Germania  nova,  of  lilac  colour,  neatly  quilled 
florets  ;  Lady  E.  Dyke,  a  clear  yellow  ;  Lady  Brassey, 
bright  scarlet;  Charming  Bride,  rosy-lilac  suffusion 
on  a  w^hite  ground  ;  Lady  Thompson,  of  the  inner 
colour  of  Cactus  Ackermanni.  A  Bronze  Banksian 
Medal  was  awarded. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Tottenham,  had  quite  alarge  number 
of  exhibits,  consisting  of  pompon   Dahlias,  amongst 


which  were  Miss  Gordon,  certiflcated  recently  ;  Miss 
Linaker,  lilac  ;  Ellen  Terry,  same  colour ;  Miss  H. 
Ilenshaw,  primrose-yellow ;  and  Canterbury  Tales, 
a  ]mrplish-crimson.  Amongst  the  Cactus  varieties 
shown  was  Zulu,  a  dark  velvetty-crimson  flower. 
His  other  exhibits  were  Gladioli,  Liliums  Leichtlini, 
yellow,  with  brown  spots  ;  album  vernum,  speciosum 
puuctatum,  speciosum  Kriistzeri,  and  Melpomene;  the 
pretty  Campanula  isophylla  var.  alba,  resembling  the 
better  known  C.  fragilis,  but  having  white  flowers 
an  inch  across. 

T.  W.  Girdlestone,  Esq.,  Sunningdale,  Berks, 
showed  in  single-flowered  Dahlias,  JIaude  Jfillett,  a 
flower  white  and  sufl'used  towa;'ds  the  tips  of  the 
florets  witli  mauve,  which  was  awarded  a  Certificate. 

Show  Dsihlias  came  from  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough, 
five  of  which  were  considered  worthy  of  a  Certifi- 
cate— Glowworm,  a  medium-sized  scarlet;  Purple 
Prince,  not  as  fine  in  build  as  the  former,  being 
lower  in  the  centre,  but  of  a  beautiful  tint  of  purple  ; 
Olivia,  lilac,  small,  but  perfect ;  Lustrous,  crimson, 
also  perfect ;  and  William  Carlisle,  white,  with  purp- 
lish-crimson tips. 

Mr.  W.  Wildsmith,  of  Heckfield  Park  Gardens, 
showed  a  compact-habited  Iresine,  Mr.  Coleman's 
variety,  a  sport  from  I.  Lindeni,  raised  by  the  gardener 
of  that  name  at  Eastnor  Castle. 

Mr.  K.  Dean  showed  a  free-flowering  Marigold  of 
soft  vellow  colour,  and  some  rich-coloured  Gaillardia 
picta;  a  few  Dahlias  with  single  flowers  ;  and  a  sport 
from  D.  Juarezii,  together  with  a  Coleus  sport,  came 
from  Mr.  Munday,  Church  Street,  Basingstoke. 

Plants  of  Begonias  in  many  useful  stove  species 
we'-e  sent  from  the  Society's  garden,  Chiswick,  most 
of  them  coming  into  flo.ver  during  the  winter  months. 
Crinnm  Moorei,  in  several  fine  spikes,  and  a  variety 
of  Asters,  came  from  the  same  source. 

Some  meritorious  examples  of  Selaginellas  were 
shown  by  Mr.  A.  'Wriglit,  gr.  to  E.  H.  Watts,  Esq., 
Devouhurst,  Chiswick.  A  Silver  Banksian  Medal  was 
awarded. 

FlllST-CLASS    CliETlFICATES. 

Schubertia  grandiflora,  from  A.  C.  Bavtiiolomew, 
Esq. 

Dahlia  (decorative)  Zulu,  from  Mr,  T.  S.  Ware. 

Dahlia  (single)  Miss  II.  Henshaw,  from  Mr.  T.  .S. 
Ware. 

Oplismenus  albidus,  from  Messrs.  J.  'Veitch  &  Sons. 

Rhododendron  Thetis,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  & 
Sons. 

Nepenthes  Curtisi,  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch  &  Sons. 

Dahlia  (single)  Maude  MiUett,  froraT.  W.  Girdle- 
stone,  Esq. 

Iresine  William  Coleman,  from  Mr.  W.  Wildsmith. 

Dendrobium  stratiotes,  from  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  Bart. 

Ilabenaria  militaris,  from  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  Bart. 

Dahlia  (show)  Glow-worm,  from  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

Dahlia  (show)  Purple  Prince,  from  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

D.ihlia  (show)  Lustrous,  from  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

Dalilia  (show)  Olivia,  from  ilr.  C.  Turner. 

Dahlia  (pompon)  William  Carlisle,  from  Mr.  C. 
Turner. 

Odontoglossum  Schrodei'ianum,  from  Baron 
Schroder. 

BoTASIC.\L    COMJPINDATION. 

Masdevallia  culex,  from  Sir  T.  Lawrence,  Bart. 

Cultural  Comjiend.\tion. 
Dendrobium  superbiens,  from  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq. 


Messrs.  W.  Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross,  exhi- 
bited seedling  Apples,  Peaches  in  pots  full  of  fruit, 
and  si.Kty  dishes  of  Apples — a  good  aver.age  as  to 
size,  but  wanting  in  colour. 

Jlr.  DeveriU,  Uousham,  Aylesbury,  showed  samples 
of  Early  Horn,  Early  Nantes,  Ne  Plus  Ultra  Runner 
Bean.  Many  varieties  of  the  Onions  improved  by 
him  were  likewise  sliown,  carefully  prepared  evidently, 
and  with  the  weight  of  each  lot  appended.  Several 
useful  looking  Onions  grown  from  Messrs.  Vilmorin's 
stocks  were  shown,  in  which  the  more  serviceable 
qualities  of  the  bulb  were  seen. 

Special  Prizes. — Special  prizes  offered  by  Messrs. 
Carter  &  Co. — Tomatos  (Carter's  Perfection). — 1st, 
Mr.  T.  Lockie,  Oakley  Court,  Windsor;  2nd,  Mr.  C. 
.1.  Waiter,  Glenhurst  Gardens,  Esher  ;  3rd  Mr.  L. 
Jennings,  Forest  Lodge,  Farnborough. 

Carter's  Jubilee  Runner  Bean.  —  1st,  Mr.  S. 
Richardson,  Enfield;  2nd,  Mr.  J.  Bunting,  Enfinld  : 
3rd,  Mr.  T.  A.  Beckett,  Amersham. 

Prizes  offered  by  Mr.  H.  Deverell. — Runner  Bean 
(NePIus  Ultra).— 1st,  Mr.  P.  Cornish,  Enfield;  2nd, 
Jlr.  J.  Bunting,  Enfield  ;  3rd,  Mr.  G.  Neal,  Bamp- 
ton,  0.\ou. 

Messrs.  Sutton  &  Sons'  prizes. — Sutton's  Early 
Gem  Carrot. — 1st,  Mr.  R.  Lye,  Newbury;  2nd,  Mr. 
.1.  Baker,  Bampton,  Farringdon ;  3rd,  Mr.  W.  Pope, 
Newbury. 

Sutton's  Perfection  Tomato.  —  1st,  ^Ir.  C.  J. 
Waite,  Esher  ;  2nd,  "Sir.  L.  Jennings,  Forest  Lodge, 
Farnborough  ;  3rd,  Mr.  T.  Lockie,  Oakley  Court, 
Windsor. 

Messrs  Webb  &  Son's  prizes  for  Tomatos. — 1st, 
Jlr.  J.  Muir,  Margam  Park;  2nd,  Mr.  W.Pope,  New- 
bury; 3rd,  Mr.  C.  J.  Waite,  Glenhurst,  Esher. 

The  above  were  good,  specially  grown  examples, 
but  do  not  call  for  any  special  remarks. 


Fruit  Committee. 


Present ;  A.  Sutton,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ;  and 
Messrs.  J.  Lee,  W.  Paul,  W.  Warren,  G.  T.  Miles. 
G.  Norman,  C.  Ross,  T.  J.  Saltmarsh,  R.  D.  Black- 
more,  R.  Hogg,  P.  Crowley,  and  G.  Bunyard. 

W.  Roupell,  Esq.,  Harvey  Lodge,  Roupell  Park, 
again  exhibited  Grapes  for  fine  flavour,  grown  as  pot 
Vines.  The  various  varieties  of  the  Frontignan, 
such  as  the  Primavis  and  Auvergne,  both  white 
Grapes,  were  perfect  in  flavour  and  not  despicable  as 
to  size  of  bunch  and  berry.  Two  forms  of  the  Grizzly 
Frontignan  were  shown — a  pale  red,  the  original 
form,  and  a  brighter  red,  sn]>posed  to  be  a  sport  from 
this,  and  possessed  of  a  more  vigorous  constitution. 
Various  A]>ples  of  fair  size  were  shown  to  exhibit 
the  influence  of  differing  stocks  on  the  fruit. 

Some  few  seedling  Apples  were  sent  by  Mr.  C. 
Ross,  from  Welford  Park  Gardens  ;  and  also  Golden 
Rainette.  Mr.  W.  Taylor,  Osborne's  Nursery,  Hamp- 
ton, showed  an  Apple,  pot-grown,  of  Schoolmaster, 
a  fruit  of  the  Cellini  type  ;  as  grown  it  had  cropped 
well.  The  Rev.  W.  Wilks,  Shirley  Vicarage,  showed 
a  kitchen  Apple,  The  Vicar,  a  seedling  raised  there 
some  seventeen  years  since. 


BATH    FLORAL    FETE. 

Sept.  7  and  8. — This  was  generally  admitted  to 
have  been  one  of  the  best  all-round  exhibitions  ever 
held  in  Bath.  The  leading  features  were  the 
Fuchsias,  stove  and  greenhouse  and  foliaged  plants, 
the  cut  flowers,  fruit  and  vegetables.  The  weather 
was  dull  and  cold,  still  there  was  a  large  attend- 
ance, as  usual.  The  sum  of  £700  was  offered  in 
prizes. 

Thei'e  were  five  classes  for  Fuchsias :  Jlr.  J.  Lye, 
The  Gardens,  Clyft'e  Hall,  Market  Lavington,  was 
1st  with  eight  specimens,  having  of  dark  varieties, 
Lye's  Rival,  Henry  Brook,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Hay,  and 
Final,  Benjamin  Pearson,  .and  James  Welch  ;  and  of 
light  varieties,  Harriet  Lye,  Lye's  Favourite,  and 
Annie  Earle,  all  of  his  own  raising  ;  and  gocd  plants 
they  were.  Mr.  G.Snell,  gr.toMrs.  Counsel!,  Bath,  was 
2nd,  his  best  plants  being  Charming  and  Elegance, 
dark;  AraVella,  Lye's  Favourite,  and  Beauty  of  the 
West,  light.  Mr.  Riddict,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Pinder,"Weston 
Road,  Bath,  was  1st  with  six  specimens,  having 
Arabella,  ]\Irs.  Bright,  Queen  '/ictoria,  light ;  Charm- 
ing, Bountiful,  and  Thomas  King,  dark.  Mr. 
Southard,  gr.  to  F.  J.  Walker,  Esq.,  Bathwick  Hill, 
was  2nd,  his  best  plants  being  Doel's  Favourite, 
Miss  Lye,  and  Beauty  of  the  West.  Mr.  Rid- 
dick  had  the  best  specimen  light  Fuchsia  in  Lye's 
Favourite,  Mr.  J.  Lye  being  2nd  with  Loveliness. 
Mr.  G.  Tucker,  gr.  to  Major  W.  P.  Clarke,  Trow- 
bridge, had  the  best  dark  variety,  staging  a  good 
plant  of  Charming.  Mr.  Hawkins,  gr.  to  T.  Jolly, 
Esq.,  Bath,  was  2nd  with  Final.  Mr.  Hav.'kins  had 
the  best  four  varieties,  having  good  plants  of  Doel's 
Favourite  and  Charming,  dark;  Reine  Blanche  and 
Charmer,  light. 

Stove  and  Greeiihouge  Plantf. — Mr.  James  Cypher, 
of  Cheltenham,  had  the  best  twelve  plants,  sliowing, 
in  good  condition,  Ixora  Dufili,  I.  salicifolia,  AUa- 
manda  nobilis,  A.  Hendersoni,  a  very  fine  piece  of 
Valotta  purpurea,  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  a  fine 
piece  of  Pancratium  fragrans,  &c.  2nd,  Mr.  Finch, 
gr.  to  J.  Marriott,  Esq.,  Coventry,  whose  best  plants 
were  Ixora  amabilis,  I.  Williamsii,  Dipladenia 
Brearleyana,  D.  amabilis.  Erica  Irbyana,  E.  Aitoniana 
tnrgida,  &c.  Mr.  M.  J.  Mould,  gr.  to  E.  E.  Bryant, 
Esq.,  Bath,  had  the  best  six  specimens,  putting  up 
good  plants  o(  Erica  lemula,  AUamanda  Hender- 
soni, A.  nobilis,  Clerodendron  Balfourianum,  Erica 
eximia,  and  Pancratium  fragrans.  Mr.  Hawkins  had 
the  best  three  plants  in  Lapageria  rosea,  Eucharis 
amazonica,  and  Cassia  corymbosa;  2nd,  Mr.  H. 
Marchant,  gr.  to  the  Mayor  of  Bath.  The  best 
specimen  stove  plant  was  AUamanda  nobilis  ;  the 
best  specimen  greenhouse  plant,  Lapageria  rosea. 

Orchids. — Mr.  J.  Cypher  was  the  only  exhibitor 
of  six  Orchids,  having  good  plants  of  .Saccolabium 


348 


THE    GAiiDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SEPTEsmER  17,  1887. 


Blumei  Dayanuni,  OJontoglossum  graude,  Cattleya 
gigas,  C.  Dominiana,  Aei-Ules  Rolianianum,  and 
Vanda  suavis. 

Heaths. — Mr.  Cypher  had  the  best  six  Heaths, 
Mr.  W.  C.  Driimmond,  nurseryman,  Bath,  being 
2nd.  Mr.  Cypher  also  had  the  best  specimen,  but  all 
the  plants  were  small.  The  best  new  or  rare  plant 
was  Alocasia  Sanderiana  from  Mr.  Finch  ;  Mr.  J.  V. 
Mould,  nurseryman,  I'ewsey,  being  2nd,  with  Croton 
Mortii. 

Miscellaneous  Flowcrincj  I'lants. — Bedding  Pelar- 
goniums, zonal  and  variegated,  were  well  shown  ; 
so  were  Balsams,  Gloxinias,  Petunias,  and  Verbenas. 
Tuberous  Begonias  were  a  very  fine  feature  indeed, 
thev  were  numerous  and  very  good.  Mr.  Gingell,  gr. 
to  W.  Clirtbnl,  Esq.,  Falfield,  was  1st;  Mr.  M.  Cole, 
gr.  to  S.  Treadwell,  Esq.,  Bath,  being  2nd.  Liliums 
were  shown  by  Messrs.  Geo.  Cooling  &  Son,  nursery- 
men, Bath  ;  and  Mr.  Vf.  3.  Mould. 

Cut  Flowers. — These  were  largely  and  finely  shown. 
In  the  class  for  thirty-six  spikes  of  Gladioli,  Messrs. 
J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  nurseymen,  Cambridge,  put  up  a 
remarkably  fine  lot  of  flowers,  including  several  ])ro- 
niising  seedlings  of  their  own  raising,  and  to  one  of 
these — a  light  variety  of  excellent  properties,  named 
Cygnet — a  First-class  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded. 
Mr.  G.  8.  Walters,  nurseryman,  Calne,  was  2nd. 
3Ir.  J.  Mattocks,  nurseryman,  O.xford,  had  the  best 
twelve  varieties.  Dahlias  were  both  numerous  and 
good.  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  &  Co.,  nurserymen, 
Salisbury,  had  the  best  twenty-four  varieties ; 
Messrs.  W.  Heath  &  .Son,  Cheltenham,  being 
a  close  2nd.  A  good  twelve  were  shown  by 
Mr.  G.  Humphries,  nursej'yman,  Chippenham ; 
Mr.  H.  Bush,  Bath,  was  2nd.  Fancy  varieties 
were  shown  in  stands  of  nine  flowers ;  Messrs. 
Keynes  &  Co.  were  1st,  and  Mr.  G.  Humphries  2nd. 
Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Son,  nurserymen,  had  a  very 
fine  stand  of  twelve  bundles  of  single  Dahlias ; 
Mr.  Thos.  Carr,  Weston,  B.ith,  was  2nd.  Roses  were 
very  good  for  the  season,  Dr.  Budd,  of  Bath,  a  well- 
known  amateur,  being  1st  with  thirty-six,  and  also 
with  twenty-four  varieties  ;  Messrs.  Geo.  Cooling  & 
Son  being  2nd  with  the  largest  number;  and  Mr.  J. 
Mattock  in  the  class  for  twenty-four  blooms.  Mr. 
Thomas  Hobbs,  Lower  Eaton,  i3ristol,  had  the  best 
twelve  blooms  ;  Mr.  R.  B.  Cater,  Bath,  being  2nd. 
Zonal  Pelargoniums,  in  twenty-four  bunches  of  not 
more  than  six  trusses,  were  a  very  fine  feature  in- 
deed, and  there  was  a  x^ry  close  run  between  Mr. 
Cole,  gr.  to  S.  Tredwell,  Esq.,  Bathwick,  and  Jfessrs. 
G.  Cooling  &  Son,  the  former  taking  1st  honours 
by  a  narrow  majority  of  points.  Verbenas  were 
fairly  well  shown.  German  and  French  Asters  were 
numerous  and  very  fine,  and  gave  the  judges  some 
trouble.  Mr.  G.  8.  Walters  had  the  best  twenty- 
four  blooms  of  the  quilled  type,  and  Messrs.  Geo. 
Cooling  &  Son  of  thetlat-petalledtype.  Phloxes  were 
fairly  good,  and  Hollyhocks  somewhat  poor  for  Bath. 
The  stands  of  twenty-four  bunches  of  cut  floweis 
were  very  fine,  Mr.  Geo.  Howe,  gr.  to  Lewis  F]-v, 
Esq.,  M.P.,  Clifton,  Bristol,  was  1st :  Mr.  W.  Iggul- 
den,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Cork,  Marston  House,  Frome, 
being  2nd,  his  style  of  setting  up  was  much  to  be 
preferred. 

Table  Decorations.  <(■(■.— Mr.  J.  Cypher  had  the 
best  centrepiece,  admirably  arranged ;  Miss  L.  Dur- 
bin,  Bath,  was  2nd.  Mr.  C.  Winslow  had  the  best 
hand  bouquet ;  Jlr.  M.  Hookings  being  2nd.  AVild 
Flowers  were  shown  in  twenty-four  bundles  and  also 
in  bouquets. 

Fruit. — The  show  of  fniit  was.  from  about  every 
point  of  view,  highly  satisfactory.  In  the  class  for 
eight  dishes  (Pine  excluded),  Mr.  J.  H.  Gondacre, 
gi".  to  the  Earl  of  Harrington,  Elvaston  Castle, 
was  1st,  with  admirably  finished  Muscat  of  Alex- 
andria and  Madresfield  Court  Grapes,  Rivers'  Orange 
Nectarine,  Sea  Eagle  Peaches,  Kirke's  Plum,  Moor 
Park  Apricot,  Figs  and  Melon.  2nd,  Mr.  Nash,  gr. 
to  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  Badminton,  who  had  very 
fine  Alicante  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grajies, 
Dimonil  Peach,  Lonl  Napier  Nectarine  &c. ;  3rd,  Mr. 
A.  Miller,  gr.  to  W.  H.  Long,  Esq.,  JI.P.,  Rood  Ashton 
Park.  Mr.  G.  Lock,  gr.  to  B.  W.  Cleave,  Esq., 
Crediton,  had  the  best  Pine  ajiple,  Mr.  Miller 
coming  2nd.  Mr.  Taylor,  gr.  to  Jlr.  Alderman 
Chaflin,  The  Grange,  Charlcombe,  had  the  best  eight 
bunches  of  Grapes,  staging  very  fine  examples  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandria.  Madresfield  Court,  Alicante, 
and  Alnwick  Seedling,  two  bun.  In-  i,r  .  atli  :  2nd. 
Mr.  G,  F.  Crocker,  gr  to  W.  II.  Mil.  -  i;-<|  ,  Ilristol, 
with  good  bunches  of  ^Iii~i.:it  nt  Al.  .uimIi  i;i.  Gros 
Maroc,  Buckland  Swertwat.r,  ami  .Ma^lr.  sli.  Id  Court ; 
3rd,  Mr.  Nash.  There  were  si.x  collections.  Out  of 
nine  competitors  with  three  bunches  of  Black  Ham- 
burgh Grapes,  Mr.  Nash  was  1st,  with  some  superb 


examples  ;  Mr.  J.  Ellicott,  gr.  to  H.  W.  Tugwell. 
Esq.,  Bath,  being  2nd.  Mr.  Taylor  had  the  best  two 
bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandiia  Grapes  out  of 
seven  competitors,  having  finely  finished  examples; 
Mr.  Coates,  gr.  to  Mrs.Miller,  Bath,  being  2nd.  Mr.  G. 
Macpherson  was  the  only  exhibitor  ot  two  bunches 
of  Gros  Colm.ir  Grapes,  and  was  awarded  a  2nd  prize. 
Mr.  Crocker  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  any  other 
white  variety,  staging  highly  finished  Buckland 
Sweetwater;  Mr.  Rye,  gr.  to  J.  Derham,  Esq..  Sneyd 
Park,  Bristol,  being  2nd,  with  Golden  Champion. 
Mr.  Nash  had  the  best  two  bunches  of  any  other 
black,  staging  remarkably  fine  Alicante;  Jlr.  T. 
Osman,  gr.  to  J.  S.  Baker,  Esq.,  Bath,  being  2nd, 
with  the  same.  In  the  class  for  any  variety  grown 
within  six  miles  of  the  Guildhall  of  B.ath  (open  tn 
amateurs),  Mr.  E.  Peacock  was  1st,  with  Alicante  ; 
Mr.  Doherty  being  2nd,  with  Lady  Downe's. 

Plenty  of  green  and  scarlet-fleshed  Melons  were 
shown.  Sutton's  Perfection  was  the  best  in  the 
former,  and  Read's  scarlet-flesh  in  the  latter  class. 
Jlr.  W.  Fiddler,  gr.  to  Baron  C.  de  Tuyll,  Chipping, 
Sodbury,  had  the  best  nine  Peaches,  showing  flne 
fruit  of  Walburton  Admirable;  Mr.  R.  J.  Wotton, 
gr.  to  11.  Sjieiicer,  Esq.,  Bath,  being  2nd,  with  Royal 
George.  Mr.  Mattock,  gr.  to  J.  G.  Foley,  Esq., 
Limpey  Stoke,  had  the  best  six  Pe.iches,  staging 
Royal  Geoige;  Mr.  H.  Dutton,  gr.  to  W.  T.  W. 
Goodenough,  Esq.,  Bath,  being  2nd,  with  the  same. 
Mr.  H.  Marchant,  gr.  to  Jerom  Murch,  Esq.,  Bath, 
had  the  best  nine  Nectarines,  staging  large  Elrnge  ; 
Jlr.  Wotton  being  2nd.  withPitmaston  Orange.  Mr. 
Pithers,  Weston,  had  the  best  six  Nectarines,  having 
Elruge  ;  Jlr.  C.  Frimley,  gr.  to  Jliss  JIaitlaud,  Bath, 
being  2nd,  with  Pitmaston  Orange.  Dessert 
Plums  were  liirgelv  and  finely  shown,  and  in  good 
variety  too,  but  Jefl'erson's  took  the  prizes.  In  the 
class  for  culinary.  Diamond  was  the  best,  and  some 
verj-  fine  frnit  of  Fonthill  secured  the  2nd  prize. 
There  were  twenty-five  dishes  of  Green  Gage  Plums; 
the  majority  of  the  fruit  was  remarkably  good. 
Cherries,  Figs,  Filberts, and  nuts  were  all  well  shown 
also.  Jlr.  Rye  had  the  best  three  dishes  of  Pears, 
staging  flne  fruit  of  Doyenn^  du  Coniice,  Souvenir 
du  Congrcs,  and  Beurre  d'Amanlis;  2nd,  Jlr.  Ban- 
nister, gr.  to  H.  St.  Vincent  Ames,  Esq.,  Westbury-on- 
Trym,  who  had  excellent  fruit  of  Doyenn.5  Bossouch, 
Souvenir  du  Congres,  and  Pitmaston  Duchess.  The 
best  dish  of  dessert  Pears  w,as  some  fine  Jargonelle, 
from  Mr.  Bannister ;  Mr.  T.  Heme  being  2nd,  with 
Bon  Chretien.  Jlr.  B.innister  had  the  best  three 
dishes  of  dessert  Apples  in  Worcester  Pearmain,  Red 
Astrachan,  and  Ribston  Pippin — a  remarktibly  good 
lot ;  Jlr.  G.  Garrawivy,  Bath,  was  2nd  with  Kerry 
Pippin,  Red  Quarrenden,  and  Golden  Pippin.  Mr. 
H.  Helps  had  the  best  dish  of  dessert  Apples  in  Red 
Astrachan.  Culinary  Apples  were  a  remarkable 
sight — large,  clean,  and  symmetrical.  Mr.  Miller 
had  the  best  three  dishes,  staging  very  fine  examples 
of  Stirling  Castle,  Rood  Ashton  Seedling,  a  fine 
looking  fruit  raised  by  a  cottager  at  Rood  Ashton — 
large  in  size,  a  good  cropper,  and  an  excellent 
keeper ;  and  Hawthornden.  2nd,  Jlr.  H.  Dutton, 
Bath,  also  with  very  flne  fruits  of  Warner's  King, 
Emperor  Alexander,  and  Blenheim  Oiange.  The 
best  dish  of  culinary  Apples  was  Lord  Suffleld,  very 
large  and  handsome,  from  Jlr.  Button,  Blenheim 
Orange  being  placed  2nd. 

I'ei/elailes. — As  usual,  these  were  very  fine.  There 
were  two  classes  for  collections  of  six  varietiis,  the 
special  prizes  being  given  by  M(•^sl■s.  Sutli.n  &  Sens, 
Reading,  and  Messrs.  Webb  &  Son-,  Siuurbrid-e. 
In  the  former  class,  Mr.  G.  H.  l'o|i]j,  ^r.  tu  W.  G. 
Sawbridge,  Esq.,  Holners  Park.  Sherborne,  was  1st, 
with  a  very  fine  lot;  Mr.  T.  Wilkins,  gr.  to  Lady 
Theodora  (Juest,  Henstridge,  was  2nd.  In  the  class 
where  the  special  prizes  were  given  by  Jlessrs.  Webb 
&  Sons,  Mr.  C.  Garraway,  Bath,  was  1st,  and  Mr. 
G.  H.  Copp  2nd.  Potatos,  baskets  of  salads,  and 
Tomatos  were  numerous  and  very  fine  throughout. 
Collections  of  Gourds  and  Squashes  were  also  an 
interesting  feature. 

Jliscellaneous  collections  included  Roses,  Dahlias, 
&c.,  from  Jlessrs.  G.  Cooling  &  Son  ;  ]Jonipon,  single 
and  Cactus  Dahliiis,  from  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Totten- 
ham;  pompon  and  single  Dahlias  from  Jlessrs.  J. 
Cheal  &  Sons.  Crawley ;  cut  Begonias,  from  Jlr.  S. 
Teterell ;  and  the  same  from  Jlr.  Robert  Owen, 
Castle  Hill,  JIaidenhead — in  both  cases  very  fine ; 
and  some  blooms  of  Passiflora  quadrangularis  from 
Jlr.  Tate,  gr.  to  W.  Pumphrey,  Escj.,  Lyncombe  Vale, 
Bath,  that  were  regarded  by  the  ]iublio  as  something 
very  rare  and  unusual.  First-class  Certificates  were 
awarded  to  JIi'.  R.  Owen  for  his  new  Ivy-leaved 
Pelargoniums,  Souvenir  de  Charles  Turner  and 
Robert  Owen,  very  flne  new  varieties. 


NATIONAL     CHRYSANTHEMUM. 

ExHiDiTiox  or  Early  Chrts.^nthemoms  akd 
Dahlias  :  Sept.  H  and  15. — This  was  regarded  as  a 
remarkably  good  show,  notwithstanding  that  thene.ar 
approach  of  the  exhibition  at  JIanchester  kept  away 
the  Northern  Dahlia  growers.  Chrysanthemums  anil 
Dahlias  were  both  well  represented,  and  the  display 
gave  general  satisfaction. 

Plants. — In  the  class  for  a  gi-oup  to  fill  a  spiice  not 
exceeding  60  square  feet,  quality  and  effect  to  be  the 
leading  features,  there  were  three  exhibits,  Jlessrs. 
Davis  &  Jones,  Chrysanthemum  Nurserv,  Camber- 
well,  being  placed  1st,  with  a  remarkably  good  dis- 
play for  the  season  ;  the  plants  were  well  grown  and 
flowered;  the  leading  varieties  Mrs.  Cullingford, 
Madame  Desgranges,  M.  Pynaert  Van  Geert,  G, 
Wermig,  and  several  unnamed  hybrid  pompons ;  a 
bold  and  bright  collection,  set  up  "in  a  very  efl'ecti\e 
manner.  2nd,  Mr.  J.  H.  Witty,  Highgate  Cemetery, 
N.,  having  a  very  good  lot  also  of  similar  varieties, 
including  a  few  early-flowering  Japanese,  unnamed ; 
3rd,  Mr.  Geo.  Stevens,  St.  John's  Nursery,  Putnev, 
There  was  but  one  group  of  pompons,  Jlessrs.  Davis 
&  Jones  being  awarded  the  2nd  prize  ;  the  varietita 
were  good  in  plant  and  flower,  but  the  judges  con- 
sidered the  group  was  too  small  to  merit  the  1st 
prize.  The  best  twelve  plants,  trained  or  untrained, 
came  from  Jlr.  G.  Neary,  gr.  to  the  Rev.  K.  W. 
Powell,  Hornsey,  who  had  fine  specimens  of  JIadame 
Desgranges  and  G.  Wermig,  highly  creditable  ;  2nd, 
Messrs.  Davis  &  Jones,  witli  the  same,  and  two  or 
three  other  varieties,  the  plants  sm.aller,  but  nicely 
grown ;  3rd,  Jlr.  G.  Stevens.  The  spechtl  ])rize 
ofl'ered  by  Mr.  William  Colchester,  Ipswich,  for  the 
best  exhibit  of  Chrysanthemums  in  pots  was  awarded 
to  Jlessrs.  Davis  &  Jones  for  their  fine  group  in 
class  1. 

Cut  Blooms.— The  best  collection  of  cut  Chysan- 
theruuras  brought  four  competitors,  Mr.  Kendall, 
Templeton  House  Gardens,  Roehampton,  being 
placed  1st,  with  an  interesting  lot,  mainly  of  pom- 
pons, set  up  in  large  bunches,  but  generally  dull  in 
colour.  The  best  were  named  F.  Pele,  Madame 
Piccol,  Precocite  Japonaise,  JIadame  Desgranges, 
Chromatella,  Lyon,  St.  Croets.  Blushing  Bride,  Mr, 
J  Pitcher,  and  Rose  d'Ete.  2nd,  Messrs.  Davis  & 
Jones.  Conspicuous  in  their  collection  were  fine 
blooms  of  JIadame  Desgranges,  G.  Wermig,  Favour- 
ite, Early  Blush,  Jlrs.  J.  R.  Pitcher,  and  Jlrs.  Cul- 
lingford. 3rd,  Mr.  R.  Owen,  Floral  Nursery,  Maiden- 
head. In  the  class  for  twelve  blooms  of  JIadame 
C.  Des.ffranges,  Jlr.  J.  Blackburn,  gr.  to  J.  Scott, 
Esq.,  Elmstead  Grange,  Chislehurst.  was  1st,  with 
some  grand  flowers  of  fine  finish  ;  Jlessrs.  Davis  & 
Jones  being  a  good  2nd,  and  Jlr.  J.  Doughty,  Angley 
Park,  Cranbrook.  3rd.  Jlr.  Blackburn  had'  the  best 
si.x  bunches  of  JIadame  Desgranges ;  Messrs.  Davis 
&  Jones  being  2nd,  and  Mr.  G.  Stevens  3rd.  Mr. 
II.  Elliott,  gr.  to  Jlrs.  L.  Harrison,  Leyden  House, 
Jlortlake,  had  the  best  stand  ot  twelve  blooms  of 
any  other  variety  but  Madame  Desgranges,  staging 
G.  Wernig ;  Jlessrs.  Davis  &  Jones  being  2nd,  with 
a  stand  containing  several  varieties,  such  as  JIdlle, 
Lacroix,  E.  Audigier,  George  Wermig,  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Pitcher,  M.  E.  Pynaert  van  CJeert,  Margot,  &c. ;  3rd, 
Mr.  G.  Stevens,  with  blooms  of  Geo.  Wermig. 
Messrs.  Davis  &  Jones  were  the  only  exhibitors  of 
twelve  pompons,  three  flowers  of  each,  having  nice 
examples  of  Jlrs.  Cullingford,  Blushing  Bride, 
Pi.iceys  Siedling,  Early  Blush,  Flora,  Jliss  Davis, 
anil  .Uiei-  Butcher.  The  best  six  bunches  of  any 
varieties  except  JIadame  Desgi-anges,  came  from 
Jlessrs.  Davis  &  Jones,  the  only  exhibitors,  who  had 
unnamed  flowers. 

Special  Prizes. — The  special  prizes  offered  by  JI. 
Simon  Delaux,  nurseryman,  Toulouse,  France,  for 
the  best  collection  of  cut  blooms  of  Chrysanthe  • 
mums,  selected  from  varieties  sent  out  by  JI.  Delaux 
in  February,  1887,  brought  but  one  collection  o."  six 
varieties  from  Jlessrs.  Davis  &  .lones,  who  had 
JIacaulay,  nanuni,  Toulandeau,  Anna  Roudiere, 
Abbotsford,  D.  J.  Quintas,  and  Feu  de  Bougiele ; 
but  it  is  too  early  to  speak  with  confidence  of  these 
varieties. 

Gladioli. — There  was  but  one  collection  of  these, 
Jlessrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Home  End  Nurseries,  Cam- 
bridge, setting  up  a  very  tine  lot,  consisting  of  144 
spikes,  many  of  them  of  superb  development.  The 
leading  flowers  were  Grande  Rouge,  Atlas,  Titania, 
Jeanette,  Ovid,  Amitie,  Phyllis,  lolanthe,  Horace 
Vernet,  Baroness  Burdett  Contts,  Orphee.  Crepuscule, 
Hesperides,  JIabel,  M.  A.  Buriginart,  Conquerante, 
Duchess  of  Edinburgh,  Cervantes,  Carnation,  Eug. 
Souchet,  &c. 

Dahlias, — Thei'e    were    but    two   stands   of    sixlv 


September  17,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


349 


blooms,  not  less  than  thirty  varieties.  Mr.  C. 
Turner,  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  was  1st.  with  a  good 
lot  of  flowers  ;  2nd,  Messrs.  Keynes,  'Willianis  &  Co., 
nurserymen,  Salisbury,  with  a  good  lot  also.  In  the 
class  for  forty-eight  varieties  there  were  four  com- 
petitors, Mr.C.  Turner  being  again  1st,  and  Messrs. 
J.  Saltmarsh  &  Son,  nurserymen,  Chelmsford,  2ud. 
J[r.  John  Walker  had  the  best  twenty-four  blooms 
out  of  eight  competitors,  showing  in  good  form. 
Out  of  eight  competitors  Messrs.  J.  Saltmarsh  &  Son 
had  the  best  twelve  blooms. 

Pompon  varieties  were  very  fieely  shown,  and 
there  were  three  stands  of  twenty-four  varieties.  Mr. 
C.  Turner  was  1st ;  2ud,Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams  & 
Co.,  with  a  very  good  lot  also ;  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  & 
Sons  being  3rd.  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.  had  the 
best  twelve  bunches  out  of  six  competitors,  Messrs, 
Keynes  &  Co.  being  2nd,  and  Messrs.  J.  Gilbert  & 
Son,  St.  Margaret's  Nursery,  Ipswich,  3rd. 

Of  single  Dahlias  there  were  two  stands  of  twenty- 
four  varieties,  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  &  Son  being  1st  with 
a  remarkably  fine  lot ;  2nd,  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Hale 
Farm  Nurseries.  Tottenham.  Messrs.  J.  Cheal  & 
Son  also  had  the  best  twelve  bunches,  Messrs.  J. 
Gilbert  &  Son  being  2nd.  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams 
&  Co.  had  the  best  collection  of  decorative  Dahlias, 
staging  excellent  blooms  of  Prince  Alexander,  Mrs. 
Tait.  Cochineal.  William  Tearce.  Constance,  Juarezi, 
Empress  of  India,  and  Mrs.  Hawkins  ;  2nd,  Messrs. 
J.  Cheal  &  Sons,  who  had,  differing  from  the 
foregoing.  Lady  M.  Morsham,  Charming  Bride, 
Lady  E.  Dyke,  Picta  formosa,  Lima,  and  General 
Gordon. 

In  the  way  of  miscellaneous  collections  Mr.  T.  S- 
Ware  had  a  fine  lot  of  Dahlias  of  various  types ; 
Messrs.  H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  pompon,  single,  Cactus, 
and  show  Dahlias,  and  a  very  fine  lot  of  tuberous 
Begonias ;  Mr.  R.  Owen,  double  and  single  Begonias  ; 
and  Mr.  J.  Henshaw,  Harpenden.  a  fine  lot  of  pom- 
pon Diihlias  :  all  not  for  competition.  Mr.  B.  Field. 
Swan  Place,  Old  Kent  Road,  had  a  large  stand  of 
garden  requisites  of  almost  every  kind,  soils,  ma- 
nures, &c. 

Certificates  Awardel.  —  A  numerously  attended 
meeting  of  the  committee  took  place,  Mr.  E.  San- 
derson, President,  in  the  chair,  when  the  following 
awards  were  made:  —  First-class  Certificates  of 
Merit  : — To  Mr.  G.  Humphries,  florist,  Kington 
Langley,  Chippenham,  for  decorative  Dahlia  Sydney 
Hollings,  one  of  the  semi-Cactus  type,  maroon- 
crimson,  with  black  centre,  twelve  excellent 
blooms  being  shown.  To  Mr.  R.  Owen.  Floral 
Nursery,  Maidenhead,  for  one  of  his  grand 
new,  double,  Ivy-leaved  Pelargoniums,  Souvenir  de 
Charles  Turner,  bright  carmine  sutTused  with  orange  . 
To  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Royal  Nursery,  Slough,  for  show 
Dahlias  jralcolm,  bright  pale  orange-scarlet;  Purple 
Prince  and  Glow-worm,  the  last  a  striking  bright 
orange-scarlet  flower.  To  Messrs.  H. Cannell  &  Sons, 
nurserymen,  Swanley,  for  decorative  Dahlias  Lady 
E.  Dyke,  bright  yellow  ;  Lady  M.  Marsham,  salmon, 
with  bright  lines  and  shadings  of  rosy  crimson  ;  Lady 
Brassey,  bright  lightest  scarlet ;  and  W.  T.  Abery. 
scarlet  and  white  stripes.  To  Messrs.  Keynes,  Williams 
&  Co.,  Salisbury,  for  pompon  Dahlias  Janet,  Grace, 
pale  lilac-rose,  of  a  peculiar  shade  of  colour ;  and 
Iseult,  yellow.  To  T.  W.  Girdlestone,  Suuningdale, 
for  decorative  semi-Cactus  Dahlia  Zulu,  black- 
maroon,  shaded  on  the  petal  edges  with  crimson  ; 
and  for  single  Dahlia  Maud  Millet,  light  ground, 
feathered  with  bright  pale  purple.  Tu  Mr.  T.  S.  Ware, 
Hale  Farm  Nurseries,  Tottenham,  for  decorative 
Dahlia  (serai-Cactus)  Henry  Patrick,  pure  white. 
To  Messrs.  Keynes  &  Co.,  for  show  Dahlia  Willie 
Cramond,  of  a  peculiar  shade,  a  kind  of  pale  rosy- 
wine-purple — distinct,  and  of  excellent  qualitv.  And 
to  Messrs.  J.  Burrell  &  Co.,  Cambridge,  "for  the 
following  Gladioli': — Rupert,  Irene,  and  lolanthe — all 
very  fine  varieties. 


PAISLEY    HORTICULTURAL. 

SEPTEMBEtt  1  AND  2. — Thls  is  always  one  of  the 
best  local  exhibitions.  The  gentlemen  about  and 
around  Paisley  send  in  their  contributions  sufficient 
to  make  a  telling  show  of  themselves,  This  season 
the  competitors  have  been  making  a  determined 
stand  to  outvie  the  purely  exhibition  subjects  in 
both  quantity  and  quality,  and  not  without  success. 
The  entries  alone  numbered  about  three-quarters  of  a 
thonsand,  and  the  splendid  season,  particularly  with 
regard  to  outdoor  flowers,  has  enabled  them  to  make 
a  grand  display.  The  public  flocked  in  their  thousands 
after  "  bank  hours  "  to  see  the  sights,  and  it  muat 
he  a  great  satisfaction  to  those  who  contrilDute  to 


the  show  to  see  how  much  their  efforts  were  appre- 
ciated. 

There  were  three  principal  collections  sent,  not 
for  competition,  by  Archibald  Coats,  of  Woodside ; 
Mrs.  Coats,  of  Ferguslie  ;  and  Mrs.  Clark,  of  Nether- 
hill.  Prominent  amongst  them  were  the  contribu- 
tions from  Woodside,  comprising  excellent  examples 
of  Kentia  Fosteriana  and  other  tall  Palms,  mixed 
up  with  great  specimens  of  Nepenthes,  N.  Ratflesiana 
being  a  beautiful  plant,  as  was  also  N.  sanguinea; 
fine  specimens  of  Areca  ilarnockianaand  Erica  retorta 
major,  with  a  few  charming  pieces  of  Orchids,  of 
which  Oncidium  Rogersii.  Odontoglossum  grande, 
Dendrobium  formosum,  and  CatCleya  aurea  formed 
the  chief.  Then  there  was  a  general  admixture  of 
Ferns,  foliage  plants  aud  Liliums,  which  made  an 
interesting  and  eflTective  group. 

Next  in  importance  was  the  contribution  from 
Anguslie,  possibly  the  best  in  grouping  at  the  show. 
Palms  of  various  species,  with  a  number  of  Celosias, 
Lilium  lancifolium  and  L.  auratum,  two  capital 
specimens  of  Davallia  Mooreana,  fine  and  effective 
examples  of  Caladium  and  Coleus,  and  other  showy 
plants.  The  plants  from  Netherhill  consisted  of 
Palms,  especially  Kentia  varieties,  the  best  Palms  for 
general  decorative  purposes  ;  Lilies  and  Chrysanthe- 
mums, capital  Ferns,  the  group  being  bordered 
with  Maidenhair,  associated  with  dwarf-grown 
Cockscombs. 

Chief  among  the  exhibits  of  interest  wasa  well-grown 
jilant  of  Peristeria  elata  ;  it  was  grown  in  a  shallow 
]>an,  in  a  mixture  of  crocks  and  sphagnum  moss,  and 
the  pseudobulbs  were  plump  and  of  great  vigour, 
such  as  would  have  delighted  the  eye  of  a  connoisseur. 
Lapagerias  were  good,  as  were  also  Erica  Aitonia,  E. 
Turnbullii,  the  latter  one  of  the  best  white  varieties 
in  cultivation.  These  plants  did  great  credit  to  the 
skill  of  Mr.  James  Maxwell,  the  exhibitor. 
Then  the  various  n  irsery  exhibits  iVora  Messrs. 
Paul,  Pattison,  Dickson,  and  particularly  from 
Messrs.  Ireland  &  Thomson,  Edinburgh,  were  credit- 
able, and  lent  an  additional  charm  to  the  show. 

The  exhibits  of  Fuchsias  were  indifferent,  as  were 
also  the  Balsams  and  Petunias.  The  Mignonette 
was  good,  as  were  the  Pelargoniums  in  the  various 
classes.  The  cut  flowers  were  nearly  all  of  uniformly 
good  quality.  The  Ferns,  particularly  those  that  are 
indigenous,  including  the  various  forms  of  the  Lady 
Fern,  were  well  exhibited.  The  Orchids  were  of 
indifferent  quality  as  a  whole.  The  fruit  was  much 
better  than  usual — the  Apples  especially  so.  Other 
fruit  classes  were  likewise  well  filled.  The  exhibits 
of  Grapes  from  Mr.  McDonald,  particularly  Gros 
Maroc  and  Gros  Guillaume,  were  noteworthy,  as 
were  the  Lady  Palmerston  Peaches  from  Mr.  James 
Beveridge.  These,  along  with  some  Apple  exhibits 
ought  to  have  been  specially  rewarded,  as  being  some 
of  the  best  things  of  their  kind  at  the  show.  The 
table  plants  were  good  generally,  the  Aralias,  the 
Crotons,  and  fine  cut  leaved  Palms,  ranking  among 
the  best. 

The  window  plants  are  gaining  ground  and  import; 
ance,  the  exhibits  here  being  largely  on  the  increase- 
and  when  we  consider  the  smoky  character  of  the 
locality  and  the  consequent  difticulty  in  dealing  with 
these  things,  we  see,  or  we  can  calculate,  the  great 
amount  of  labour  by  individuals  in  keeping  up  the 
state  of  health  and  vigour  the  plants  show.  The 
Bourtree  is  still  a  general  favourite,  and  so  are 
Thymes,  both  green  and  variegated.  The  Fuchsia, 
the  zonal  Pelargonium,  the  ]Myrtle,  Aloysia  citrio- 
dora,  the  Aaron 's-beard  Saxifrage,  Musk,  Southern- 
wood, Ivy.  Mignonette,  and  various  forms  of  Ferns, 
among  which  there  is  nothing  that  does  so  well  as 
the  Hart's-tongue  in  its  many  forms  (Scolopendrium 
vulgare).  To  see  this  room,  which  is  called  the  loggia^ 
at  night,  when  the  various  interested  exhibitors  was 
present,  and  to  bear  their  criticism,  was  exceedingly 
amusing,  especially  to  an  old  hand.  The  whole  exhi- 
bition was  well  managed,  and  a  largemeed  of  praise 
is  due  to  Mr.  Macphee,  the  energetic  Secretary. 


©ijttuarg. 

Charles  M.  HoVEY.— One  of  the  most  famous 
men  in  American  horticulture,  and  well  known  also 
in  this  country,  has  been  removed  from  the  roll.  We 
are  indebted  to  a  Boston  correspondent  for  the  fol- 
lowing account : — "  Mr.  Charles  M.  Hovej  died  at 
his  residence  in  Cambridge,  at  the  advanced 
age  of  seventy-seven.  Mr.  Hovey  was  born  at  Cara- 
bridgeport.  October  26,  1810,  and  when  a  mere  boy 
djgplayed   that  taste  for  horticulture  wbich,   ap   it 


developed  with  his  progress  in  years,  made  him  one 
of  the  most  eminent  horticulturists  of  his  time  and 
country.  In  1834  Mr.  Hovey,  in  partnership  with 
his  elder  brother,  went  into  the  seed  business  in 
Boston,  retaining  and  managing  in  connection  with 
it  their  Cambridgeport  Nursery.  In  1840  the  present 
nursery  ground  in  East  Cambridge  was  bought;  it 
was  then  a  40-acre  piece  of  wild  woodland.  The 
woods  were  cleared ;  it  was  cut  up  into  squares  and 
avenued  with  Pear  and  other  trees,  and  extensive 
greenhouses  were  erected.  Until  this  time  the  cul- 
tivation and  improvement  of  greenhouse  and  hardy 
ornamental  plants  chiefly  occupied  his  attention, 
but  with  greater  convenience  and  enthusiasm  fruit 
trees  and  ornamental  trees  came  in  for  a  vigorous 
share.  He  visited  Europe  in  1844,  and  bought 
in  the  English,  Scotch,  French,  and  Belgian  nurseries 
such  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs — as  he  thought 
would  be  hardy  and  of  use  in  New  England  ;  about 
20  per  cent,  perished  in  their  passage  hither;  50  per 
cent,  of  the  whole  succumbed  within  a  year  or  two  ; 
and  of  the  remainder,  a  goodly  number,  proving  un- 
worthy of  cultivation,  were  rooted  out  and  destroyed. 
But  of  the  collection  then  begun  there  are  in  their 
nurseries  some  175  specimens,  from  10  to  60  feet  in 
height.  During  his  whole  career  the  crossing  of 
plants  has  been  a  favourite  work,  and  by  this  means 
he  has  secured  some  very  fine  results,  especially 
among  Camellias.  In  1833  by  crossing  he  se- 
cured the  Strawberry  seeds  from  which,  in  the 
following  year,  he  raised  Boston  Pine  and 
Hovey's  Seedling.  In  1855  he  raised  the  Hovey 
Cherry  from  seed.  Mr.  Hovey  also  introduced 
many  now  favourite  varieties  of  Pears,  Cherries, 
Plums,  Peaches,  and  Apples.  AVhen  but  twenty- 
five  years  old  Mr.  Hovey  established  the  Magazine  of 
Horticulture,  which  he  edited  for  thirty-four  years, 
and  which  exerted  great  influence  on  the  develop- 
ment of  horticulture  in  the  United  States.  In  1848 
he  began  the  publication  of  the  Fruits  of  A/ncrica,  of 
which  twenty-seven  parts  were  issued.  He  never 
found  time  to  carry  out  this  work  to  completion,  but  it 
may  be  mentioned,  as  evidencing  the  care  with  which 
he  laboured  on  it,  that  he  not  only  made  the  sketches 
for  the  woodcuts,  but  drew  most  of  them  on  the 
blocks.  For  more  than  half  a  century  Mr.  Hovey 
was  an  active  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Horti- 
cultural Society,  and  was  for  several  years  its  Pre- 
sident. It  was  during  his  administration — 1863-66 
— that  Horticultural  Hall  was  erected.  This  was  a 
personal  as  well  as  an  official  triumph  for  Mr.  Hovey, 
as  most  of  his  associates  doubted  the  expediency  of 
building  snch  a  large  and  costly  structure." 


The  Weather. 


MSAH  TE>rPEBATURE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  D0B- 
ING  THE  WEEK  ENDING  SEPT.  24.  (AVERAGE  OF 
FORTY-THKEE  YEARS.) 


Sept.  18 

...    6J''.2 

Sept.  22 

..   ^eo.s 

„     19 

...    57°.l 

„     23 

.    .W.S 

„     20 

...    ,'i6°.9 

„     24 

..    56°.l 

,.     21 

...    66°.7 

Mean  for  the  week     , 

.     56°.7 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Sept.  12,  is  furnished  fiom  the 
Meteorological  Office: — 

"  The  lueather  has  continued  in  an  unsettled  con- 
dition in  all  districts,  with  heavy  falls  of  rain  in  the 
north  of  Scotland  and  north-east  of  England,  and 
lesser  amounts  elsewhere. 

"  The  temperature  has  been  below  the  mean,  the 
deficit  ranging  from  1°  in  the  '  Channel  Islands  '  to 
3°  in  most  other  districts,  and  to  4^^  in  'Scotland, 
N.'  The  highest  of  the  maxima,  which  were  gene- 
rally recorded  on  the  6th.  varied  from  61°  to  66°  in 
'  Scotland,'  from  64°  to  74°  in  Ireland,  and  from  64° 
to  69°  in  '  England.'  The  lowest  of  the  minima, 
which  were  registered  in  most  places  on  the  8th, 
ranged  from  34^  in  the  '  Midland  Counties,'  to  39° 
in  '  England.  N.W.,'  and  '  Ireland,  N.,*  apd  to  49°  in 
'  the  Channel  lelands,' 


350 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeb  17,  1887. 


The  rainfall  has  been  considerably  more  than  the 
mean  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'and  '  England,  N.E.,'  but  less 
in  nearly  all  other  districts. 

"  Bright  sunshine  shows  a  slight  increase  in  most 
districts,  the  percentage  of  the  possible  amount  of 
duration  ranging  from  20  in  'Ireland,  N.,' to  40  in 
the  '  Channel  Islands,'  and  41  in  *  England,  S.W.'  " 


Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees— a  "Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperature. 

Above  or 

Accumulated. 

ii    is 

Districts. 

below   the 

t. 

,, 

Mean  for 

3.^ 

•S^" 

■So        .i  w 

the    week 
ending 

z^ 

di 

1887 
•  di 

887 

Sept.  12. 

!!' ;s' 

<ii     sua 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day-     Day- 

ducing  Districts. 

deg. 

deg. 

deg.      deg. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

4  below 

47 

0 

+  168  +    37 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

2  below 

64 

0 

+  195+     41 

2.  England,  N.E.... 

3  below 

7B 

0 

+  20ll+    83 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

3  below 

95 

0 

+    24|+  168 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

3  below 

83 

0 

+    63  +  166 

5.  England,  S. 

3  below 

98 

0 

+    11  +  151 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.   ... 

3  below 

69 

0 

+    70+    47 

7.  England,  N.W..„ 

3  below 

82 

0 

+     80  +  118 

8.  England,  S.W. ... 

2  below 

94 

0 

+    79  +  172 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

3  below 

76 

0 

+  237  +    23 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

2  below 

91 

0 

+  269  +    97 

—  Channel  Islands 

1  below 

121 

0 

+     76+    77 

Rainfall. 

Bright 

Sunshine. 

DlSTBICTB. 

h. 

1   ■ 

Hi 

5-2 1 

ill 

a.      '3 

Principal     Wheatr  pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Tenths    of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

6  more 

156 

27.4 

23 

25 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

llesa 

119 

15.8 

24 

34 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

8  more 

106 

11.2 

32 

34 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

2  less 

99 

11.4 

36 

43 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

3  less 

93 

12.5 

35 

39 

6.  England,  S.      ... 

3  less 

92 

12.8 

37 

13 

Principal  Grazing,  &c.. 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

1  less 

123 

25.3 

34 

37 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

0  (aver.) 

100 

16.7 

33 

38 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

4  less 

96 

14.5 

41 

48 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

2  less 

124 

21.3 

20 

34 

10.  Ireland.  S. 

4  less 

106 

18.3 

32 

43 

—  Channel  Islands 

6  leas 

107 

12.9 

40 

63 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


ApEIa   ON   CHKTSiNTHEMUM,    SENT   BY    SEVERAL    CoB- 

BESPONUENTS.  —  The  insects  sent  are  Aphis  Chrj'- 
santhemi  of  Koch,  which  are  believed  to  be 
identical  with  Aphis  Jacobea,  notwithstanding 
some  variation  in  colour.  It  is  very  common. 
G.  B.  B. 

Book  on  Conifer  NoMESCLATnBE :  H.  Smith.  Is 
not  yet  published. 

Books  :  Mancunian.  The  one  suited  to  your  purpose 
is  Paxton's  Cottarfer^s  Calendar,  published  at  41, 
Wellington  Street,   Strand,  price   '6^d.  per  post. 


One  of  the  best  books  you  could  get,  as  it  treats 
of  just  such  subjects  as  you  need  information  on, 
is  Domestic  Floriculture  (Burbidge),  published  by 
Blackwood  &  Sons. — Emert/o.  M'e  do  not  know 
of  any  other  3rd  edition  than  that  just  completed 
by  Mr.  Syme  (of  which  a  supplement  is  in  prepa- 
ration), and  this  is  more  valuable  than  the  two 
previous  editions. 

Bunch  of  Grapes  of  2,5  lb  4  oz. :  Butler.  A  bunch 
of  this  weight  was  shown  by  Mr.  Currer  at  the 
Glasgow  show  on  September  5,  1875. 

Common  Mushroom  in  Pastures  :  i?.  Such  fine 
examples  as  you  describe  ai'e  rarely  found  in  great 
numbers. 

Correction. — "  Dinner-table  Decorations  at  Exeter 
Show."  Mr.  Chard,  Brunswick  Nursery,  Stoke 
Newington,  was  awarded  the  1st  prize,  and  not 
Mrs.  Cliard,  as  was  stated  in  our  report  of  the 
show. 

Crinum  Moobeanum  :  iS;  and  M.  The  Criuum  is 
quite  hardy  at  Kew  and  several  other  places. 

Fungi  :  A.  B.,  Millport.  The  fungi  sent,  in  a  seini- 
jiutrid  state,  belong  to  one  of  the  smaller  species  of 
Puff-ball.  If,  instead  of  being  gingerbread-brown 
and  rotten,  they  had  been  snow-white  and  per- 
fectly fresh,  they  would  not  have  been  edible,  so 
we  need  not  give  you  the  method  of  cooking  de- 
sired.  W.  G.  S. 

HoRTieuLTUBAL  BuiLDEE:  J.H.J.  Apcrsonofthe 
name  given  has  an  address  280,  Oxford  Street, 
London,  and  at  Bath. 

Influence  of  the  Moon  on  Vegetation  ;  Trinidad. 
Mere  moonshine — except,  perhaps,  indirectlv.  See 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  March  3,  1877,  p.  2.S1,  for 
record  of  a  direct  experiment  in  Cuba.  At  the 
same  time  we  do  not  think  it  wise  to  discoun- 
tenance such  traditions  entirely.  They  are  tra- 
vesties of  the  truth,  but  there  is  often  a  germ  of 
truth  in  them,  though  distorted,  and  jiresented  in 
a  wholly  false  framework. 

Insect  :  W.  T.  The  grub  of  one  of  the  sawflies  like 
that  which  attacks  the  Pear.  Sweep  up  the  leaves 
and  burn. 

Lapagebia:  G.U.J.  Good  in  colour,  hut  nothing 
special. 

Names  of  Fbuit  ;  J.  Joijcc.  2,  Williams'  Bon 
Chretien  ;  3,  Chemiuette  ;  6,  Beurre  d'Ainanlis ; 
9,  not  recognised. — C.  B.  W.  6,  New  Hawthorn- 
den  ;  8,  Ecklinville  Seedling  ;  7,  Blenheim  Orange  ; 
13,  Yorkshire  Greening;  2,  Pearson's  Plate;  11, 
Golden  Winter  Pearmain  ;  4,  Baxter's  Pearmain  ; 
12,  Boston  Russet. — General  Benson.  1,  Chau- 
montel ;  16,  Thompson's  ;  35,  Beurre  Superfin  ; 
42,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme. — M.  J.  M.  1,  Pear 
Beurre  de  I'Assomption  ;  2,  Beurre  Gitfard  ;  3, 
Beurre  d'Amanlis  ;  4,  Plum  Prince  Englebert ; 
5,  Washington  ;  6,  Golden  Esperen. 

Names  of  Plants:  ftpes.  Apparently  Pyrus  tor- 
minalis. —  W.  E.  Senecio  Jacobea. —  ^V.  R,  What, 
you  a  Scotsman,  and  do  not  know  a  Scotch 
Thistle !  Your  plant  is  Carduus  eriophorus. — 
Jas.  Cocker  4'  Sons.  Plagius  grandiflorus. —  C.  M.  S. 
Veronica  subsessilis,  figured  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle,  p.  788,  vol.  xvi.  —  W.  M.  H.  Osbeckia 
chinensis  is  a  pretty  species  of  a  genus  rich  in 
ornamental  plants.  It  should  be  grown  in  a  warm 
gi'eenhouse,  where  it  flowers  in  sjiring.  It  is 
cultivated  at  Kew.  Pharbitis  tyrianthina  is  a 
grand  stove  climber,  which  was  cultivated  at  Chis- 
wick  and  at  Kew  in  Dr.  Lindley's  time,  but  we  do 
not  know  of  its  existence  in  gardens  now.  It  is  a 
native  of  Mexico,  and  is  now  referred  to  Ipomcea. 
Hiemanthus  longipes  :  we  do  not  know  any  species 
of  this  name.  Please  say  where  you  get  the  name 
from. — J.  S.  Rhamnus  catharticus,  Buckthorn  ; 
berries  purgative;  used  by  old  nurses;  but  the 
consequences,  if  not  dangerous,  are  painful. — 
H.  Ii.  R,  N.  A  Viburnum  ;  we  cannot  tell  which 
one  from  the  leaf  only. — J.  B.  Peperomia  resedi- 
flora. — H.  G.  1,  Adiantuni ;  2,  Gasteria  sp. ;  3, 
Tradescantia  quadricolor;  4,'Echinocactus  ;  5,Cam- 
panula  isophylla  ;  6,  Sedum  Sieboldi  (carneum)  ol 
gardens  ;  8,  Veronica  carnosula ;  9,  Pyrus  Aria. 

Onions,  Potatos  and  Apples  :  H.  H.  These  articles 
will  certainly  fetch  higher  prices  than  at  present, 
unless  foreign  importations  should  come  over  in 
very  large  quantities.  High  prices  here  always 
tempt  the  foreigner  to  send  goods  to  our  shores. 

Pear  Slug  :  ./.  W.  The  grubs  you  send  are  those  of 
the  Pear  Sawfly,  so  often  described  and  figured  in 


the  Gardeners'  Chronicle.     See  p.  110  in  our  issue 
for  July  23  last. 

Roses  Dying  Off  :  J.  M.  The  planting  had  been 
better  deferred  till  April.  February,  unless  the 
winter  be  mild,  which  the  last  was  not,  is  a  bad 
time  to  plant  Roses  or  anything  else.  We  do  not 
think  the  tarred  stakes  had  anything  to  do  with 
the  death  of  the  plants. 

Rose,  Her  Majesty  :  J.  C.  ij-  Som.  The  Rose  when 
it  reached  us  had  fallen  all  to  pieces,  but,  had  the 
flower  been  in  a  dry  state  when  packed,  it  would 
doubtless  have  remained  in  good  condition  for 
some  time. 

Tennis  Court  of  Cinders  :  A.  G.  To  mark  with 
whitewash  use  a  very  fine  spouted  pot,  and  if  the 
hole  be  still  too  large  partly  close'  it  with  a  piece 
of  cork. 

The  Cucumbee  Disease:  J.  L.  Often  described  and 
figured  in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle.  It  is  caused 
by  minute  worms,  which  enter  the  roots  from  the 
soil.  You  can  only  turn  out  the  soil,  thoroughly 
cleanse  the  pit,  and  start  afresh  with  new  soil. 

The  Flag-staff  at  Kew  :  X.  The  height  is  given 
as  159  feet,  the  weight  as  4  tons  8  cwt.  2  qr. 
The  tree  yielding  this  splendid  spar  was  the  Van- 
couver Island  form  of  Abies  Douglasii. 

Tomatos  Diseased  :  R.  J.  W.    See  p.  312. 

Vine  Roots  :  J.  C.  Certainly  no  Phylloxera.  Y^ou 
must  search  for  some  other  cause  for  the  Vines 
failing.    Roots  not  unhealthy. 

Yellow  Turnip  Concave  at  the  Point  whence  the 
Tap-root  springs  :  Enquirer,  Penrith.  The  Yellow 
Malta. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Thyne  &  Paton,  18  and  20,  Union  Street,  Dundee — 
Bulbs  and  Spring  Flowering  Plants. 

T.  Davies  &  Co.,  Wavertree,  Liverpool  —  Dutch 
Bulbs. 

W.  Samson  &  Co.,  and  W.  and  T.  Samson,  Kil- 
marnock— Roots  and  Plants. 

J.  Carter  &  Co.,  237  and  238,  High  Holborn,  Lon- 
don, W.C.^Bulbs. 

Chas.  Turner,  Royal  Nurseries.  Slough — Bulbs. 

Mr.  T.  Smith,  Daisy  Hill,  Newry — Hardy  Alpines, 
Herbaceous  Plants,  Trees,  Shrubs,  China  Roses, 
Fruits,  &c. 

W.  Tait  &  Co.,  119  and  120,  Capel  Street,  Dublin- 
Dutch  Bulbs,  Flower  Roots,  &c. 

Hooper  &  Co.,  Covent  Garden,  and  Pine-apple 
Nursery,  Maida  Vale — Bulbs,  Flowering  Roots, 
Strawberries,  New  Seedling  Potatos. 

W.  Gordon,  Twickenham — Dutch  Bulbs  and  Lilies. 


COMMI'NIOATIONS  RECEIVED  :  —  W.  W.  A.— R.  R.  S.— Wat- 
son &  Scull.— J.  A.De  M..  Boston,  U.S.— W.  E.  D.— Charles 
Baltet,  Froyes.— W.  S.  M.— G.  B.  B.— 'VT.  B.— H.  C— F. 
Sander  &  Co.— R.  D.— T.  L.— W.  E.  G.— .T.  C— E.  J.— A.  D. 
— W.  J.  H.— J.  R.  J.— I.  O.  W.—W.  W.  A.— W.  C.—V.  R.  S., 
next  week.— C.  &  G.— H.  G.— K.Tait.— Ciunbrian  aud  B.  A., 
next  week, 
gg*"  Correspondents  setuiing  plants  or  fntits  to  be  tutmed.  or 

asking  questions  demanding  time  and  research  for  their  sotntion, 

ntn^t  not  expect  to  obtain  an  answer  to  their  enquiries  in  the 

current  week. 


DIED. — We  regret  to  announce  the  decease  of 
Charles  Dimmick,  nurseryman,  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight, 
on  September  1,  aged  seventy  years. 


lARKETS. 


COVENT  GARDEN,  September  15. 
Trade  still  quiet,  and  heavy  supplies.   Javies  Web' 
her,  Whol^ale  Apple  Market, 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Phices. 
s.  d.  s.  d. 
Artichokes,  p.  doz....  4  0-  ... 
Aubergines,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Beans.  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  btinch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Celery,  per  bundle...  16-20 
Cucumbers,  each  ...  0  ti-  1  0 
Endive,  per  dozen  ...  3  0-  ... 
Green  Mint,  bunch.,.  0  4-  ... 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ...  0  4-  ... 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ...  0  3-  ... 
Lettuce,  per  dozen...  2  0-  S  0 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each...  0  3-  ... 

Potatos.— Kent  Eeg6nt<(.  80s.  to  lOOs. ;   Beauties,  100s.  to 
120s. ;  and  Magnums,  80s.  to  100s.  per  ton. 


.d. 


punnet       

0  4-  ... 

Onions,  per  bushel .. 

4  0-  ... 

Parsley,  per  bunch.. 

0  6-  ... 

Peas,  per  quart 

1  6-  ... 

Potatos,  per  cwt.    .. 

4  0-50 

.,    kidnej'.  percwt 

4  0-50 

Shallots,  per  lb.      .. 

0  .1-  ... 

Spinach,  per  bushel.. 

3  6-  ... 

Sprue,  bundle 

1  0-  ... 

Tomatos,  per  lb.     ... 

0  9-  ... 

Turnips,  new,  bunch 

0  8-  ... 

Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2-  ... 

Sbptembek  17,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     GEBONICLE. 


351 


Fbuit.— AvERiQK  Wholes A.LE  Pbicks. 


s.d.  s.d. 
Apples,  ^sieve  ...  13-36 
Plums,  f  sieve  ...16-4  0 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  0  9-  1  6 
—  Chnnnel  Isl..  lb.  0  6-09 
Kent  Cobs,  100  lb.... 50  0-55  0 


Lemons,  per  case  ...12  0-21  0 
Melons.  eJich  ...  0  6-  1  0 

Peaches,  dozen  ...  1  0-  6  0 
Pine-apples, Eng.. lb.  10-30 
—  St.  Michael,  each  3  0-50 


Plants  ts  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Asters,  per  dozen  ...3 
Ralsams,  per  dozen...  3 
Capsicum,  dozen  ...  5 
Clirj'santhem.,  dozen  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
Dracaena  tenuinalis, 

per  dozen 30 

-  Tiridis.  per  doz.  9 


0-18  0  \  Foliage  plants,  vai 
0-6  0         ous.  each    ... 
0-6  0     Fuchsias,  doz. 
0-  9  0  I  Heliotrope,  dozen 
0-9  0    Hydrangeas,  doz. 
0-12  0    Lilium.  various,  p 
doz« 


.  3  0-10  0 
.30-90 
.40-80 
,  9  0-12  0 


Euonymiis, 

per  dozen  ... 
Evergreens,  in  var. 

per  dozen 

Ferns,  in  var.,  doi 
Ficus  elastica.  each 


0-60  0      —  lancifoUum,   per 

0-24  0        dozen         G  0-18  0 

doz.  6  0-12  0     Mignonette,  doz.    ...  4  0-  6  0 
Myrtles,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  0 


6  0-18  0  Palms,  in  var..  each  2  6-21  0 
I  Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 
6  0-24  0  —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 
4  0-18  0  —  Ivy-leaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
16-70     Scented  Verbena, doz.  40-60 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilons.  12  bun  ...  2 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms.  3 
Asters,  12  bunches...  1 

—  French,  per  bun.  1 
Bouvardias,  per  bun.  0 
Carnations.  12  blms.  0 

—  dozen  bunches...  3 
Chrj'santh..  12  bun.  2 

—  large,  12  blooms  1 
Cornflower,  12  bun.  1 
Eucharis,  per  dozen  2 
Gardenias.  12  blooms  3 
Heliotropes.  12  spr.  0 
Jasmine,  white,  bun.  0 

long^tloi 


0-3  0  Mignonette.  12  bun.  0  S 
0-  2  0  I  Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...  2  ( 
6-10,  Pelargoniums.  12  spr.  0  i 
6-10—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  ; 
0-6  0    Primulas,  double,  12 

0-601      spravs        0  i 

0-40;  P>Tethrum,  12  bun...  2  ) 
0-20,  Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  t 
0-  4  0  I  —  coloured,  dozen.  0  ( 
0-601  —  red,  perdozen  ...  0  ; 
6-  1  0  I  —  Saffrano.dozen...  0  f 
6-  0  9  I  Stephanotis,  12   spr.  2  ( 

I  0-  ( 


SEEDS. 


London:  Se-pt.  14. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Son.', 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.G., 
write  that  the  attendance  on  the  seed  market  to  day 
was  poor,  with  but  little  business  doing.  Orders  for 
Trifolium  still  come  to  hand.  Prices  are  now  very 
low.  White  sowing  Mustard  meets  a  diminishing 
inqury.  In  Rape  seed  there  is  no  change  to  be 
noted.  Winter  Tares  are  in  better  favour.  There  is 
still  a  scarcity  of  live.  Blue  Peas  move  off  freely  at 
full  rates.  In  Hemp  and  Canary  seed  the  trade 
passing  is  confined  to  narrow  limits. 


FB.TTIT   AND   VEaETABLES. 

Colombia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  14. — Fairly  good 
supplies  of  all  kinds  of  fruit  and  vegetables,  with  a 
moderate  demand  at  following  prices: — Fruit: 
Apples,  eating,  &.  to  4s.  per  sieve ;  cooking  do., 
2s.  to  4s.  do. ;  Plums,  2s.  to  3s.  per  half-sieve  ;  Green 
Gages,  2s.  6tZ.  to  4s.  do. ;  Pears,  \s.  ^d.  to  5s. 
per  sieve  ;  Tomatos,  2s.  to  3s.  per  dozen  pounds. 
Vegetables:  Cabbages,  3s.  to  5s.  per  tally;  Greens, 
Is.  Qd.  to  2s.  per  dozen  bunches ;  French  Beans, 
3s,  6c?.  to  4s.  Qd.  per  sieve  ;  Scarlet  do.,  4s.  to  5s.  do. ; 
Vegetable  Marrows,  Is.  to  8s.  6rf.  per  tally  ;  frame 
Cucumbers,  25.  ^d.  to  35.  6rf.  per  dozen  ;  field  do., 
6rf.  to  Is.  do. ;  English  Onions,  3s.  to  3s.  ^d.  per 
dozen  bunches ;  foreign  do.,  3s.  to  4s.  per  bag  of 
110  lb. ;  Carrots,  2s.  Qd.  to  3^.  per  dozen  bunches  ; 
Turnips,  2s.  to  3s.  do.;  Parsley,  Is.  to  2s.  do. ;  Mint, 
Is.  Qd.  to  2s.  do. 

Sthatford  :  September  13. — Good  supplies  of  all 
kinds  of  produce,  and  a  fair  trade  at  the  under- 
mentioned quotations  : — Cabbages,  2s.  Gd.  to  4s.  per 
tally  ;  Turnips,  SOs.  per  ton  ;  Carrots,  household,  3.*. 
to  45.  per  doz.  bunches  ;  Mangels,  25s.  to  27s.  per 
ton ;  Apples,  English,  Is.  Qd.  to  4s.  per  bushel ; 
Watercress,  6d.  per  dozen  ;•  Plums,  Is.  6d.  to  2s.  6d. 
per  half-sieve  ;  Pears,  Is.  Gd.  to  55.  per  bushel ;  Cob 
Nuts,  45s.  to  50s.  per  cwt. ;  Damsons,  3s.  to  35.  6rf, 
per  half  bushel ;  Marrows,  Is.  to  Is.  6d.  per  dozen; 
Beans,  Runner,  4s.  Qd.  to  55,  per  sieve. 


POTATOS. 


Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Sept.  13. —Fair  sup- 
plies and  moderate  demand,  confined  chietly  to  best 
qualities.  Quotations  : — Hebrons,  100s.  to  120s.  ; 
Regents,  80s.  to  llOs. ;  Ma,G:num  Bonum,  905.  to 
1005. ;  Early  Roses,  80s.  to  lOOs.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  14. — Quotations  ; 
— Beauty  of  Hebrons,  45.  to  4s.  Qd. ;  Snowflakes, 
45.  Qd.  to  OS.  ;  Early  Roses,  45.  to  45.  6*^. ;  Myatt's 
Kidney,  4s.  to  45.  Qd. ;  Regents,  4s.  Qd,  to  4s.  9c?. ; 
!^lagnum  Bonums,  4s,  to  4s,  Qd.;  Beauty  of  Hebrons, 
45,  to  OS.  per  cwt. 


]]0:SSEN'GEB  &  CO.'S  New  CATALOGUE  of  Greenhouses  and  Heating-  Apparatus, 

Jost  issued,  will  be  found  tin-  most  coniplete,  pra<.tii.'!il,  and  reliable  guide  to  all  about  to  build,  alter,  or  heat  greenhouses. 
Illustrations  of  every  description  of  Glasshouse,  from  the  largest  range  of  Winter  Gardens  to  the  simplest  forms  of  Portable 
Greenhouses,  Plant  Protectors,  and  Garden  Frames  ;  also  of  all  the  best  kind  of  Boilers,  Hot^water  Pipes,  and  all  appliances  for 
heating.  This  Catalogue,  possessing  hundreds  of  illustrations  of  all  the  latest  improvements  in  greenhouse  building  and  heating, 
is  on  a  scale  never  before  attempted.  It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one  interested  in  gardening,  as  it  contains  many  practical 
hints  on  the  subjects  of  which  it  treat:^,  the  result  of  many  j'ears'  experience.     PllCO  2S.  pOSt-fiee. 

A  large  number  of  the  illustrations  are  taken  from  greenhouses  erected  by  us  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  an  inspection  of 
this  Catalogue  shows,  therefore,  buildings  the  efficiency  of  which  has  been  well  tested  by  actual  use.  The  advantages  possessed  by 
us  enable  us  to  carry  out  work  with  the  utmost  promptness,  and  in  the  very  best  style,  at  prices  which  defy  competition.  Surveys 
made  and  gentlemen  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  country.     Plans  and  Estimates  free  on  application. 

MESSENGER    &    COMPANY,     LOUGHBOROUGH. 


AUTUMN     REQUIREMENTS 

FOR     THE     TRADE. 

Our  SHOW  ROOMS  are  now  fully  furnished  with  every 
novelty  in  DRIED  FLOWERS.  GRASSES,  and  GENERAI. 
SUNDRIES  required  for  the  Autumn  and  Winter  Season. 

Early  iitspectiou  especialli/  solicited, 

COERY,  SOFER,  FOWLER  &  CO.,  16,  Finsbnry  St.,  E.C. 


NEW  ARCHAXGEL  MATS.— RUSSIA 
MATS  of  aU  descriptions.  RAFFIA  FIBRE,  TOBACCO 
RAG  and  PAPER,  supplied  to  the  Trade  at  Lower  Prices  than 
any  other  firm  this  season.— MARENDAZ  AKB  FISHER,  9  and 
10,  James  Street,  Covent  Garden.  W.C. 

FTER-SEASON         S  A  L  eT 

GARDEN   HOSE. 

WATER  BARROWS. 

PORTABLE   PU.MPS. 

GARDEN  ENGINES. 

HOSE  REELS  and  FITTINGS. 

LAWN  FOUNTAINS. 

EXTENSION  L.ADDERS. 

ENORMOUS     DISOOnNTS. 

To  make  room  for  Winter  Stock  of  Fire  Escapes    and 

Fire  Engines. 
T.  H.  HE.VTHJIAN  and  CO..  2,  Endell  Street,  Long  Acre, 
London.  W.C. 


THOS.    W.     ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PASK  lEOKWOEKS,  STOURBRWGE, 


Tha  Best 

and  Quickest 

Made. 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot- water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  .V.  each; 

4-in.  Socket  Hot- water  Pipes.  9  feet  long,  is.  6d.  each. 

Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  List  on  applicatt-jn. 


Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'AHBOKICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  niustrations.  Published  since  1865,  by  F.  BuBVE- 
NICH.  F.  Patnaert.  E.  RorlGAS,  and  H.  J.  VAN  HuxLE, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.     Post-paid.  10s.  per  annum. 

H.  J.  VAN  HULLE,  Botanical  Gardens,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


CARSON'S   PAINT 

Patronised  by  16,000  of  the  Nobility.  Gentry, 
and  Clergy,  for  all  kinds  of 

OUTDOOR  WORK,  CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames,   &c. 

1  Cwt.,    and    Oil    Mixture,     Free   to   all   Stations. 

Non-Poisonous  Paints  for  Inside  Work.  Conservatories,  &c. 

Prices,  Patterns,  and  Testimonials,  PosWree. 


LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  BILL,  E.C. ; 
BAOHELOK'S  WALK,  DVBLlll.—DiscOKnt/or  Cash. 


FREDERICK    L.    MAY    &    CO., 

(Pl'BLISHERS  OF  May'S  PRESS  GUIDK,) 

ADVERTISING  AGENTS, 

159,  PICCADILLy. 
London,  W., 
RECEn"^  ADVERTISEMENTS  for  all  London,  Provincial, 
Continental,  Colonial,  and  American  Newspapers  and  other 
Publications,  for  one  or  any  number  of  insertions,  and  axe  pre- 
pared to  open  accounts  with  Solicitors,  Auctioneers,  and 
others  on  approval  of  references. 

Special  advantages  to  Large  Advertisers. 

Established  1850. 

Only  Address — 159.  Piccadilly,  London,  W. 

THE    SYDNEY   MAIL. 

NEW  SOUTH  WALES  ADVERTISER. 

CONTENTS  — 

INTERCOLONIAL  and  GENERAL  NEWS. 

SPORTING  and  the  FIELD,  in  which  is  incorporated  BELL'S 
LIFE  in  SYDNEY. 

RECORD  of  RACES,  and  NOTES  on  the  TUKF. 

CRICKET  and  AQUATICS. 

THE  FLORA  of  AUSTRALIA.  (Draw-n  and  engraved  especi- 
ally for  this  Journal.) 

NATURAL  HISTORY.     (Original  Articles.) 

AGRICULTURE.  PASTORAL.  HORTICULTURE. 

GOLD  FIELDS  and  JIINING  generally. 

STOCK  and  SHARE  REPORTS. 

ORIGINAL  and  SCIENTIFIC  ARTICLES. 

TALES  bv  POPULAR  ENGLISH  and  AUSTRALIAN 
AUTHORS. 

THE  FASHIONS.    DOMESTIC  ECONOMY. 

INDOOR  AMUSEMENTS. 

THE  CHESS  PLAYER.    THE  HOME  CmCLE. 

COMMERCIAL  NEWS. 

SHIPPING  INTELLIGENCE. 
The  SYDNEY  MAIL  has  a  wide  circulation  throughout  the 

Australian  Colonies.  New  Zealand.  Polynesia,  &c.    It  contains 

a  large  amount  of  information  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 

Subscription  in  Advance,  £1  6s.  per  Annum. 

Single  Copies,  6(/. ;  Stamped,  Id. 
Publishing  Office — Hunter  Street,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 

ENGLAND. 

The  undermentioned  Newspaper  and  Advertising  Agents  are 
authorised  to  receive  ADVERTISEMENTS  for  the 
SYDNEY  MORNING  HERALD  and  SYDNEY  MAIL  :— 

LosDON  Messrs.  Geo.  Street  Sc  Co.,  30,  Cornhill,  E.G. 

Mr.  F.  Algar.  8,  Clement's  Lane,  Lombard 

Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  Gordon  &  Gotch,  St.  Bride  Street, 

Fleet  Street,  E.C. 
Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son,  186,  Strand. 

Bristol  James  and    Henry    Grace,    Royal   Insurance 

Buildings. 
Manchester...  James  and  Henry  Grace,  73,  Market  Street. 
Edinburgh   ...  Robertson  &  Scott.  13,  Hanover  Street. 

GLASGOW W.   Porteous   &   Co.,    lo.    Royal  Exchange 

Place 
1^*  Copies   of  each  Journal  are  filed  at  the 
above  Offices  for  the  use  of  Advertisers. 


352 


TEE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembeb  17,  1887. 


GAKDEN    REQUISITES.  — Sticks,    Labels, 
Virein  Cork,  Raffia.  Mats.  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Maniires,  «.c.     Chrtapeat  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90.  Lower  Thames  Street,  London.  E.C. 

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

Packages  and  packing  free,  and  delivered  to  any  London  Station 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaxanteed. 


15  c 


21c 


13J  by  8i  for  10/-  for  14/- 

12  „  9  „  10/-  „  14/-  or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6 
12  „  10  „  11/-  „  15/6  or  250  squares  8J  by  6i,  or  220 
14  „  10  „  13/-  „  19/-  squares,  flj  by  6',  or  170  squares 
14  „  12  „  17/6  „  24/-  9  by  7J,  or  150  squares.  10  by  8 
12  „  12  „  13/-  „  20/-  for  10s.  Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 
18  „  12  „  21/-  „  31/-  over  £3. 
20    ,.  12    .,    24/-  „  35/- 

Glass  cut  to  any  size  at  the  above  proportionate  pnres 
Best  LINSEED-OIL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  uw 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  bd.  per  pound.    Special  quotations 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     BOBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND    GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 
14,  Moor  Lane.  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.C. 

Rosher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


HE   ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 

are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.     The  plainer 
ftortfl  are  specially  suited  for 
KITCHEN     GARDENS,     as 
,^;„-^     they  harbour    no    Slugs    or 
^*ffi>     Insects,  take  up  little 

and  once  put  down  incur 
further  labour  or  expense, 
do  "grown"  Edgings,  conse-         'r'^i'^*- 
quently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS.  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Stfeet,  Blackfriars,  S.E. ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea.  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents     for     LOOKER'S     PATENT     "ACME"    FRAMES. 
PLANT    COVERS,    and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :     also  for 
FOXXEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.     The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors.  Balconies,  &c., 
from  Zs.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,    for   Lining   Walls  of    Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  varietv.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  EOSHER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  file  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


^ILVER  SAND, 

O     fine  or  coarse  grain  aa  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B. — Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


HILL  &  SMITH 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HORTICULTURAL  BUILDERS, 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW,  LONDON,  E.C. 


W.  H.  LASCELLES  AND  CO.  will  give  Estimates  for  every 
description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of  charge  and 
send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    KOCKWORK     material     in     various 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bunhill  Row,  London.  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses  and 
Conservatories,  and  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


S=^;3^ 


PORTABLE     PLANT    FRAMES. 

Tbe  above  are  without  exception  the  most  useful  kind  of 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every  one  with  a  garden  should 
possess  one.  The  sashes  turn  right  over  cue  on  to  the  other,  and 
the  boxes  are  put  together  with  wedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  and  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted  : — 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,  packing  cases  free     £2  la    0 

12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide 4  15    0 

6  feet  long,  5  feet  wide 3  15    0 

12  feet  long,  5  feet  wide 6  10     0 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 


B. 


HALIilDAT      & 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Enginci 


CO. 


London  Agent  :  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c., 
2,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 


RICHARDSON'S 


^,?#^<*.t»^rr', 


._.    _    .--.nt   =;  s,ir  n  t  r    1  nr^p  C   ntracts  in   Feucir 

Rouhug   i.L       PerHinal  Surveys  cf  Estates  made  and  prarfi 

e  gnen  as  to  the  best  and  moat  economical  Fences  f  \ 


fjown 


//  ustraied  Catahgues  Fret  by  Post 


BOULTON  &  PAUL'S 
PLANT  FRAMES 

Are  always  in  stock,  ready  to  be  sent  off  on  receipt  of  order. 
They  are  made  of  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the  best  trees 
in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements,  and  seasoned  in  a  proper 
manner.  The  FRAMES  are  of  Ij-inch  boards,  13incheahigh 
at  front,  24  inches  high  at  back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridge, 
bolted  at  the  corners,  easily  taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The 
LIGHTS  are  2  inches  thick,  fitted  with  set-opes,  and  arranged 
to  turn  over,  back  and  front,  for  ventilating  ;  the  whole  painted 
four  coats.  The  glass  is  ENGLISH  21-oz.  weight.  PACKED 
and  sent  CARRIAGE  PAID  to  any  station  in  England  and 
Wales  aNo  to  Dublin  Belfast  Londonderry  Cork,  Glasgow, 
and  stations  equivalent 

!  allowed  in  full  when  returned. 


No  74  —Plant  Frame     \ 


CASH     PRICES, 


2-LIGHT  FRAME 


OF  Packing  Cases. 

Length.     Width.  Price. 

...    8  feet  by  6  feet  ...  £1  12    6 

■■i         „             12  feet  by  6  feet  ...  6     5     0 

4  ,,             16  feet  by  G  feet  ...  8     0     0 

5  „            20feetby  6feet  ...  9  15    0 

Smaller  Frames  are  made.    See  LISTS,  post-free. 

CATALOGTJES 

of  Greenhouses,  Heating  Apparatus,  Garden  Frames  in  every 
variety.  Garden  Implements,  Water  Carts,  Pumps,  and  every- 
thing required  for  Gardens  and  Pleasure  Grounds,  poat-free  ou 
application. 

ESTLALiTES  for  Greenhouses  free  on  receipt  of  particulars. 

LADIES  and  GENTLEMEN  waited  upon  by  appointment 
in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

NORWICH. 


LEAN-TO    CONSERVATORY    OR    GREENHOUSE 
No.  51.— .\  remarkablv  prettv  d,^>ij;n     at  a  \ir\    moderate 
price.    Prices  given  are  for  EKtcrixK  c.impli  tf  («ilh  brick- 
work),  within   li?  miles  of    London    Bridge       Proportionate 
prices  in  any  part  of  the  country. 

Loughborough  Hot-Water  Apparatus  (fixed)  extra,  as  below. 
Si/e  Price  H.W.  Ap.  I  Size.  Price.  H.W.  Ap. 
Idft  bj  6ft  £\1  10  £5  5  20ft.  by  10ft.  £32  0  £«  15 
1  'ft  bj  8tt  £24  0  £5  15  25ft.  by  12ft.  £48  10  £7  10 
l-.ft  bv  W  £'8  0  £6  6  I  30ft.  by  13ft.  £66  0  £8  10 
ILLISTRATED  SHEETS  of  Cossekvatories.  Ghee\- 
Iini  sF>i    &i     w  th  Prices  for  Erecting  and  Heating.  FREE. 

SIR\r\s    MtDP   IN'  ANV    PART    OF    THE    COUNTRY 
FRFL  OI  CH  U  UL      UesiRna  and  Estimates  FREE. 

DEANE   <&.  CO., 

Builders  and  Hot-ivater  Engineers. 

}  LONDON  BRIDGE. 

BECKETT      BROS., 

Horticultural  Engineers,  Chelmsford. 

Apply  for  our 

Special  LIST  of  Chenp  and  Substantial  Buildings, 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOKEDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 

RUSSIA  MATS  &  RAFFIA 

NEW  .SEASONS  AKCII.VNGEL  MATS. 

Taganrog,  Petersburg,  and  every  other  description 

of  Russian  Mats. 

KAFFIA  (Fresh  Arrival). 

SrEflAL    QVOTATinXS   on   APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANJDERSON, 

135,  COMMERCIAL  STREET,  LONDON,  E 


Semembkr  17,  1887.1 


TEE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


353 


CONTBACTOBS    TO    HEB    MAJESTY'S    WAB    DEPABTMBITT. 

THE  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(TELEGRAPHIC   ADDRESS-"  HOTWATEK,"   LONDON), 
Have  the  Largest  and  most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

HOT-WATER  BOILERS,  PIPES,  AND  CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 

Illustrated  CATALOGUE,  llth  Edition,  price  \s. 

Price  LIST  on  application  Free. 
HOT-WATER     AND     HOT-AIR    APPARATUS 

ERECTED  COIIPLETB,  OR  THE  MATERIAL  SUPPLIED. 


CAST-IRON    SADDLE    BOILER, 

with  Waterway  End. 

From  20  inches  to  66  inches  long. 


'  THE   CAMBBICS   OP   BOBINSON  &  CLEAVEB    HAVE   A  WOBLD-WIDE   FAME."— r^e  Queen,  the  Lady's  Newspaper. 

ROBINSON    &    CLEAVER'S 


CAMBRIC 


IRISH       CAMBRIC       POCKET 

*  HANDKERCHIEFS,  Hemmed  tor  >ise.  All  Pure  Flax. 
Per  dozen.— Children's,  la.  2d.;  Ladies',  2S.  4id. ;  Gentle- 
men's, 38.  6d. ;  Hemstitched,  per  dozen— Ladies',  2s.  ll^d, ; 
Gents',  4s.  lid.    Send  for  samples,  post-free,  to  Belfast. 


IRISH     MADE     SHIRTS.— Best  quality  Long-cloth  Bodies,  with  four- 
*     fold  all  Linen  Fronts  and  Cuffs,  35a.  6d.  the  half-dozen  (to  measure,  2s.  extra).     New  designs 


IRISH    LINEN    COLLARS    AND   CUFFS.- 

*  Collars— Latliea'  and  Children's  three-fold.  39.  6d.  p*-i"  dozen;  Gentlemen's 
four-fold,  4s.  lid.  to  6S.  lid.  per  dozen.  Cuffs  for  Ladiea,  Gentlemen,  and 
Children.  5s.  lid.  to  10s.  9d.  per  dozen, 

"Their  Irish  Liueu  Collars.  Cuffs,  Shirts.  &c..  have  the  merits  of  excellence 
and  cheapness."— t'cJKri  Circular.    Send  for  samples,  post-free,  to  Belfast. 

IRISH     DAMASK     TABLE     LINEN.— Fish  Napkins,  2s.Qd.  per  dozen.      Dinner  Napkins,   4s.  Gd. 

*  per  dozen.      Table  Cloths,  2  yards  square.  2S.  9d.  each  ;    2*  yards  by  3  yards.  5S.  6d.  each.     Kitchen  Table  Cloths,  ll|a.  each.     Strong 
ograms,  Crests.  Coats  of  Arms,  Initials.  &e.,  woven  and  embroidered.     Send  for  samples,  post- 


POCKET 


r  special  Indiana  Gauze.  Printed  Shirtings,  and  unshrinkable  Flannels  for  the  sea.son.    Sample 
Lists,  and  fuller  information,  post-free.     Old  Shirts  made  as  gOOd  as  new,  with  best 
-ials,  at  a  trifling  cost. 

IRISH       LINENS. —  Beal    Irish     Linen    Sheeting,     fully 

*  bleached,  2  yards  wide.  Is.  lid.  per  yard  ;  2J  yards  wide,  2b.  4^d.  per  yard 
(the  most  durable  article  made).  Koller  Towelling.  18  inches  wide,  3id.  per  yard. 
Surplice  Linen.  7d.  per  yard.  Dusters.  Is.  lOJd.  per  dozen.  Glass  Cloths, 
43.  4d.  per  dozen.  Fine  Linens  and  Linen  Diapers,  8^d.  per  yard.  Nursery 
Diaper,  Sjd.  per  yard.     Send  for  samples,  post-free,  t«  Belfast. 


ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST. 


HANDKERCHIEFS 


By  Special  Appointments  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and 
H.L  and  R.H.  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


From 


To 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Stebet,  Stband, 
LONDON,  W.C. 


1887. 


Please     send    me    "The      Gaedeneks'      Cheonicle"     for 


tommencing 


-,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^| 

THE  UNITED   KINGDOM :  —  12  Months,  ISs. ;   6  Months,  7s.  &d. ;   3  Months,  3s,  Qd. ;  Post-free. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) ;— Including  Postage,  Vis.  Qd.  for  Twelve  Months.    India  and  China,  I9s.  Qd. 

Receipts  for  less  than  six  months'  subscription  will  not  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.  0.0.  to  he  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office,  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOND." 


3S4 


g^UE    a-ABDEKEnS'    VTTPONICLE. 


[Sottembbs  17,  1887. 


THE  CARDENERS^CHRONICLE. 

Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

Held  Line  ch-irge-i  (!■.■  tico. 


4  Lines/. 

£0 

.i 

0 

15  Lines. 

£0    8 

6 

5      „     .. 

0 

3 

ti 

16      „      . 

0    9 

0 

6      „     .. 

0 

4 

0 

17      „     . 

0    9 

0 

7      „     .. 

0 

4 

0 

18      „     . 

.     0  10 

0 

8      „     .. 

0 

n 

0 

19      „     . 

.     0  10 

6 

9      „     .. 

n 

5 

6 

20      „     . 

.     0  11 

0 

10      „     . . 

0 

(i 

0 

21       „      . 

.     0  11 

(J 

11       „     . . 

0 

6 

6 

22      „     . 

.     0  12 

0 

12      „     . . 

0 

t 

0 

23      „     . 

.     0  12 

t) 

13      „     . . 

0 

7 

6 

24      „     . 

.     0  13 

0 

14      „     . . 

0 

8 

0 

25      „     . 

.     0  13 

6 

ilXPSyCE  FOR  E7ERY  ADDITIONAL  LINE. 
.M  two  OoluiiiH.  the  lowift  ctiir^ld  will  b3  203. 
1  three  Cjlumin,  the  loweit  charge  will  be  30s. 
ti;    Hilt  Page.  £1  10;.;    Cjlutnn.  £i. 


GAROEi'iflSJaalOrHEaS  WAJjrmS  SITUATIONS. 

3>  worJi,  iii-l.ili[iganl3anlallre«.  Is.  6i., 

and  H.  toT  every  a-i  litijail  line  (abjat  9  wonlj)  or  part 

ot  a  line. 

THESE  ADVERTISEMESTi    MUST  BE  PREPAID. 

This  scile  Joef  not  apply  tj  announcements  of  Vacant 

Sitaationj,  which  are  charge!  at  the  orilinary  scale. 


IMPOliTA.Vr  NOirce.  —  Atoertiiers  are  cautionei 
again'it  hioiny  LHters altrei^ed  to  [nitiah  at  Post-offices,  at 
ail  Lettars  so  aiirei^el  are  opened  by  the  authorities  and 
returnsi  to  the  sender. 

BlRTas.  Deaths  and  .Mirriaqes.  5s.  each  insertion. 

Adoertisein^ts  for  the  current   week  MU3T  reach  the  Ofice 

bij  Thursday  noon. 

All  Subscriptions  Payable  In  Advanea. 

The  U.f CTF.D  KlMniinl:   12  .M);iths.  163.;   6  .Months, 

7s.  6i.;  3  Mjnt!u.  3s.  9d. 

Foreign   (excepting   India  and  Chini);    including  Postage, 

173.  6d.  for  12  Mjaths;   India  and  China.  193.  6d. 

Posfc-olfice   Orders  to  be   made   payable    at  the   Post   Office, 

42,  DBURY  H.NE.  W.C..  to  W.  Richards. 


PaBLisHiNO  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements, 

41.  Wellington  Stre't.  Strinl,  London,  W.C. 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  above  sizes,  in  100  and  200  feet  boies, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kept  in  stock. 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  sizes  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,  LEIIJ.  OIL  ;iii.l  rnl,(i:'K  MEKCIIANTS. 

34,  St,  John   Street,  West  Smithfleld,  London,  E.C, 


Ck  I.: 


■  Chr, 


T//OS  W.ROB/A/SON, 


sToamm^E. 


MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P    P    S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK, 


J. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 
l'.l,,\l'Kl;ri;\  .\Nl.SllNS;irf<.lli'nnf;Al(h- 


I'etiTsburK  .Uit^  iiiid  .MaUta-,-.   Itiilli.i  1-ibrr.  Tobiino  Pape: 
and  ShjlJing.-;    I'ri.  ei  tree.— 1  and  .'>.  Wormwood  Str.,et.  E.C. 


Accidents   at   Home  and   Abroad. 

Railway  Accideut-<.  Employer's  Liability,  injured  against  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
COMPANY.  64,  Cornhill,  London.  Income,  £246.000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents.  £2,360.000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
B*'ttlemeut  of  Claims.  Chairman.  Harvie  M.  Fanjuhar.  Esq. 
West  End  Office.  8,  Grand  Hotel  Iluildiugs.  V^ .C.  ;  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WIXLtAM  J.  VTAN.  Secretary. 


Partnership. 

WANTED,  a  thoroughly  energetic  and  trust- 
worthy PARTNER,  for  the  General  Nursery  and  Seed 
Trade.  Established  over,  a  century.  Extent  of  Nurseries, 
10  Acres,  with  a  generally  select  and  well-grown  stock.  Is 
beautifully  situated,  has  a  thickness  of  soil,  heavy  and  light, 
from  2  to  4  feet,  and  excellent  well  trained  hedfjes  for  protec- 
tion ;  and  for  growing  fine,  healthy,  and  hardy  Nursery  Stock 
IS  acknowledged  one  of  the  best  situations  in  the  Kingdom. 
Will  prove  a  really  good  investment  to  a  business  man  with 
moderate  capital.— For  term-,  apply  to  GROSVEN'OR  BROS., 
Prospect  Nurseries.  Cheddleton,  near  Leek,  Staffordshire. 


TO  GARDENERS  and  FORESTERS.— 
Several  energetic  well-educated  Young  Men.  of  good 
character,  WANTED  as  ASSISTANT  ISIANAGERS  for  Tea 
Plantations  in  India.  Those  with  good  experience  as  Foremen 
and  accustomed  to  Arrange  and  Superintend  Outdoor  Work 
preferred.  Five  years'  engagement.  Salary  beginning  at 
Rupees  2000  per  annum.  Free  passage,  house.  &c. — Address, 
with  full  particulars,  and  copies  of  testimonials,  TEA, 
W.  Porteous  &,  Co.,  Advertising  Agents,  Glasgow. 


WANTED,  an  experienced  HEAD  GAR- 
DENER ;  Married,  nochildren,  to  live  at  the  entrance 
lodge. — Must  have  a  perfect  knowledge  of  Gardening  in  all  its 
bruuL'hes,  including  Vines,  Peaches,  &c.  Three  under  men 
kept.— Apply,  stating  full  particulars,  with  references,  to 
Mrs.  JONES,  The  Elms,  Warrington. 


WANTED,  a  GARDENER  and  SQUARE 
KEEPER  for  Oakley  Square.  N.W.  Age  not  to 
exceed  40.  Preference  given  to  a  member  of  a  Benefit  Club. — 
Applications,   stating  age,  former  and    present  employment, 

feneral  capabilities  and  references,  as  to  character  to  be  made 
y  letter  only  to  S.  A.  R..  Mr.  Gammell,  Stationer,  29,  High 
Street,  Camden  Town,  N.W. 

ANTED,  a  WORKING  NURSERY 

FOREMAN.      Good    Propagator  .and    Plant  Grower. 
Must  be  elfi'-ient  in  Wreath  and  Bouquet  Making.      Good  cha- 
ticulars  to  H.  BARKER,  Horuing- 


cs.  H,i 


i-Trent. 


w 


,^V^•TE1)    LM.MEDIATELY,    a     SECOND 

NURSERY     FOREMAN,    Outdoor.— State    age,     re- 
aud  salary  expected  to  WILLIAM  FELL  AUD  CO., 


M 


ESSRS.    THOS.   CRIPPS   and   SON,  The 

Tunbridge  Wells'  Nurseries,  Kent,  have  a  VACANCY 
in  their  establishment  for  a  first-class  PROPAGATOR  of  Hard 
and  Soft-wooded  Plants.  Must  be  especially  skilful  ^vith 
Clematises,  Rhododendrons,  Roses,  Conifers.  Acers,  &c. — 
Address   -a^  above,  stating  age,  wages  required,  and  enclosing 

ANTED,  a  MAN  and  WIFE— Man  as  good 

all-round  Gardener,  Vegetables,  Flower  and  Ulass, 
with  care  of  Cow ;  Wife  to  take  charge  of  Laundry  with  assist- 
ance. Good  wages  and  cottage  off  premises.  Must  have  very 
good  references. — -^pply  by  letter  \a  CHISWICK,  May's  Adver- 
tising Offices,  159,  Piccadilly  W. 

WANTED,  a  trustworthy  MAN,  accustomed 
to  the  Growth  of  Roses,  Strawberries,  and  Fruits  in 
the  Open,  and  who  has  some  experience  in  General  Nursery 
Work.  Must  be  a  successful  Butlder  and  Graiter. — Apply, 
stating  wages  required,  age,  references,  &c.,  to  T.  LAXTON, 
Bedford. 

ANTED,  a  Young  MAN,  well  up  in  Bud- 

ding  and  General  Outdoor  Nursery  Work.  State  ex- 
perience and  wages  expected.  —  GEO.  H'.l\ELOCK,  Abbey 
Wood,  Kent. 

ANTED,  AT  ONCE,  a  Young  MAN,  for 
the    Houses.      Wages   18s.   per  week.      Bothy    and 
vegetables.— G.ARDENER,  Clevedon  Hall,  Somerset. 

WANTED,  a  smart  active  man,  as  CLERK, 
in  a  Seed  Warehouse. — Addre^,  stating  age,  salary 
expected,  and  all  particulars,  to  SEEDS.MAN,  Messrs.  Nutting 
&  Soni.  106,  Southwark  Street,  London,  S.E. 

Wr  ANTED,     CLERK     and     SHOPMAN.— 

*   T      Apply,  stating  references,  age,  and  salary  required,  to 
"    "  " " ~        11,  Wellington   Street, 

WANTED,  a  SECOND  SHOPMAN,  in  Seed 
Trade,  for  a  leading  Scotch  House.— Must  have  had 
good  experience,  be  energetic,  and  reliable. — Full  particulars 
and  salary  expected,  to  SEEDSMAN,  Keith  &  Co..  Edinburgh. 

WANTED,  for  a  Large  Seed  Establishment  in 
America.  TWO  or  THREE  smart  COUNTER  HANDS. 
Wages,  glO,  $12,  and  $15  per  week  for  the  first  three  years. 
Pasi^age  free. — State  age  and  full  particulars  ot  experience  to 
E.  G.  C,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

WANTED,  an  APPRENTICE,  to  the  Seed 
Trade. — Good   opening    for    a    strong,    active,    well 
educated  Touth.— APPRENTICE,  Keith  &  Co.,  Edinburgh, 


w 


WANT     PLACES. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  SONS,  having.filled  many 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establishmenta* 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged.— JOHN  LAING 
AND  SONS,  The  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 


BS,  AVILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  the  Nursery  and  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  competent  either  to  fill  the  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIFF,  FOREMAN,  or  JOURNEY- 
MAN. Ladies  and  Gentlemen  requiring  any  of  the  above  will 
please  send  full  particulars,  when  the  oest  selections  for  the 
different  capacities  will  be  made. — Holloway,  N. 

C  C  0  T  C  H  GARDENERS. 

k3  — John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Princes  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GARDENERS,  waiting  re- engagements.  He  will  be  pleased  to 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Laxly,  Nobleman,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

I  C  H  A  R  1)      SMIT  H      and     CO'. 

beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
4.C.— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worci-ster. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  MAN.  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a.  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  03  an 
"   "    men   are  capable  ot  M^anaging  I.arge 

Seed  Trade. 

MANAGER,  in  a  good  House. — Disengaged  in 
November,  Upw;ird3  uf  twenty  years'  experience. 
Thorough  practical  knowledge  of  the  various  branches.  Buying, 
Compiling  Catalogues,  &c.,  with  good  general  knowledge  of 
Plants.— Z.,  Gardeners'  CAronicZe  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 

Strand,  W.C. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen. 

MANAGER  or  GARDENER.— Middle-aged, 
single;  energetic.  Tliorouglily  experienceil  in  all  branches 
of  the  profession — the  Rearing  of  Arboreous  Trees,  Manage- 
ment of  Woods  and  Plantations,  and  the L:\ying-outot  Pleasure 
Grounds  and  Ground  Work  generally.  Good  references. — R.  C, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,WelliugtonStreet,Strand,W.C. 

GARDENER  (Head).  —  John  Derbicutt, 
for  the  last  twelve  years  Head  Gardener  to  the  late 
Sir  Hy.  Edwards,  Pye  Nest.  Halifax,  desires  a  permanent  re- 
engagement.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Excellent 
testimonials.     Reference  allowed  to  Lady  EDWARDS. 

GARDENER  (Head);  age 27.— G.  Merritt, 
Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Dacre,  Kimpton  Hoo, 
Welwyu,  Herts,  desires  to  recommend  his  Foreman,  Jame.s 
Anderson.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Testimonials 
of  tlic  liighest  order. 

G~^  ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  37,  married.— 
A  Gentleman  wishes  highly  to  recommend  his  Head 
Gardener,  who  lias  lived  with  him  six  years.  Understands  his 
profession  in  all  its  branches. —  G.  G.,  Franklands,  near 
Burgess  Hill.  N.W. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  27,  married.— 
Jas.  Harvky,  Giudener  to  Ja.s.  Watson,  Est;.,  Mystyiiir, 
Ticehurst,  Sussex,  can  with  every  confidence  recommend  hid 
Foreman,  Charles  Gregory,  as  a  thoroughly  reliable  man,  and 
well  versed  in  the  profession,  industrious  and  painstaking. 

GARDENER  (Head).— Age  29  ;  thorough 
practical  knowledge  of  Fruit  and  Plant  Culture  under 
Glass,  and  all  Outdoor  Work.  Character  will  bear  strict 
investigation.  Good  references.  —  JOS.  RICHARDSON, 
Howden-le-Wear,  via  Darlington. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  30,  married.~A 
Gestleman  giving  up  his  establishment  wishes  to 
recommend  his  Head  Gardener,  having  a  thorough  practical 
knowledge  of  his  work  in  all  branches.— S.  T..  Blake  Hall, 
Wanstead,  Essex. 


GARDENER  (Head).— W.  Swan,  The  Gar- 
dena,  Howick  House,  Preston,  is  at  liberty  to  engage 
with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a 
thoroughly  practical  all-rouud  man.  Over  thirty  years'  experi- 
ence. Excellent  references  as  to  character  and  ability.  — 
Address  as  above. 

ARDENER  (Head);  age  30.— Mr.  Clarke, 

Gardener,  Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  has  very  great  plea- 
sure in  recommending  his  Foreman,  Wm.  Webber,  to  any 
Nobleman,  Lady,  or  Gentlemen,  wlio  may  be  in  want  of  a 
thoroughly  efficient  and  trustworthy  man,  with  excellent 
references  from  previous  employers. 

ARDENER  (Head),— age  24,  single;  Pro- 
testant.  Fourteen  years'  experience  in  some  of  the  best 
and  largest  Gardens  in  England,  viz.,  Linton  Park,  Lythe 
Hill,  &c.  At  present  Foreman  at  Burghlej  Gardens.— Testi- 
monials from  above  places,  and  particulars  from  R.  GILBERT, 
Burghley  Gardens,  Stamford. 

ARDENER    (Head);     age   34,    married.— 

Wakefield  Christy,  Esq.,  Brooklands,  Chelmsford, 
desires  to  recommend  his  late  Head  Gardener  to  any  one  re- 
quiring a  thorough  practical  man.  Well  able  to  Manage  a 
First-class  Establishment.  Eighteen  years'  experience  ;  three 
in  last  place.  TeetotaUer.— JOHN  L.  RAGGETT,  14,  Rundell 
Boad,  Paddington,  W. 


September  17,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEIiS'     CEBONIGLE. 


355 


CaBhlobury  Park,  Watford,  Herta. 

GAKDKNKK  (Head);  age  33, married,  three 
cliildron,— Jas.  1-'itt.  six  years  Head  GnrdeiiL-r  to  tho 
Kight  Hon.  Earl  of  Essex,  will  be  at  liberty  for  Ke-eugagemeiit 
ou  nnd  iifter  October  5.  Lord  Essex  ■will  be  pleiistd  to 
recommend  the  above  to  auy  who  may  require  the  services  of  a 
thoroughly  practical  aud  energetic  man. 

AKDENER    (Head    "Working).— Under- 

stands  Grapes,  Laud  and  Stock.  Over  five  years'  char- 
acter ;  nine  previous.  Wife  good  Dairy  Woman.— G.  S., 
Queen'3  Cottages,  Queen's  Road,  Egham,  Staines. 

GARDEiNER  (Head  Working).  — Middle- 
aged,  married;  successful  Grower  of  Grapes,  Melons, 
Cucumbers,  all  kinds  of  Fruit ;  good  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gar- 
dener. Six  and  a  half  years"  good  character.— W,  BOTTOM, 
Running  Horse,  Hull  Brook,  Bracknell. 

AKDENER  (Head  Working),   where  two 

or  more  are  kept. — Age  26,  single ;  twelve  years'  ex- 
perience in  tlie  general  routine  of  Gardening.  Good  character 
from  last  place.— HE-O)  G/VRDENER,  Wethersfield,  Braintree, 

G^  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  one 
I"  or  two  others  are  kept. — Age  .30,  single  ;  fourteen  years' 
experience  with  Vines,  Peaches,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
FioMer  and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Good  character.— W.  KING, 
Foxley  Hall,  Hereford. 

ARDENER  (Head  W^orking).  —  Age  28, 

single;  ten  years' experience  in  the  Growing  of  Fruit, 
Flowers,  aud  Vegetjibles.  Can  be  well  recommended  as  to 
character  and  ability.— T.  STACK,  Treberfydd,  Bwlch  R.S.O., 
Breconshire. 

/"GARDENER   (Head    Working).— Age  35; 

Or  married.  Understands  the  Culture  of  Plants.  Fruit,  and 
Vegetables.  Twenty  years'  experience  in  Noblemen's  and 
Gentlemen's  Gardens.  Good  references.— GARDENER,  The 
Lodge,  Stone  Castle.  Dartford,  Kent. 

ARDENER  (Head   Working).— Age    42, 

married,  no  family;  thorough  practical  man  in  all 
branches  of  Gardening,  Orchids.  Early  Forcing  of  all  kinds  of 
Fruits,  Flowers,  &c.  Twenty-five  years'  practical  experience. 
Good  references.— H.  P.,  6,  Larch  Road,  Bedford  Hill,  Balham, 

ARDENER     (Head     Working).— Middle- 

aged.  Slurried,  no  family;  thoroughly  experienced  in 
Growing  of  Grapes,  Peaches,  Melons,  Cucumbers,  Tomatos, 
Stove  and  Greenliouse  Plants,  Ferns,  Orchids,  Flowers,  Fruit, 
and  Vegetables.  Land  Stock  if  required.  Can  be  highly 
recommended. --T.  W.,  the  Gardens,  Avenue  House,  Church 
End,  Finchley,  N. 

ARDENER   (Head  AVorking).  —  Age  36, 

iiMii^'l.  .i!-i  iKirr.  Twenty-one  years'  experience  in 
theCiiln     i'  .  '■!  .;   ■-,  Peaches.  Nectarines,  Melons,  Cucum- 

bers.Tmiij  I  .  [1]^,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Ferns, 

Orchids,  K''-,  <  III  iiiiliemums,  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden- 
ing, Eariv  anit  Latt-  i-orcing.  Excellent  references  for  abilities 
and  character.— WICKSON,  Long  Ditton  Hill,  Surrey. 

ARDENER   (Head),  or   FOREMAN  in  a 

good  establishment,  where  two  or  three  are  kept.  — 
Age  29;  has  a  thorough  knowledge  of  all  the  branches  in  the 
profession.  Nine  years'  experience.— G.  MANSELL,  87,  War- 
wick Street,  Pimlico,  S.W. 

GARDENER,  where  another  is  kept,  or  good 
Single-handed. — Age  24 ;  good  references  from  Noble- 
men's and  Gentlemen's  Estates. — A.  E.,  Shrub's  Hill  House, 
Sunningdale,  Berks. 

GARDENER.— Some  time  Chief  Foreman  in 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland's  Gardens,  and  other  good 
places.  Can  take  every  responsibility.- T.  G.,  52,  Sainsbury 
Road,  Gipsy  Hill,  London,  S.E. 

GARDENER;  married,  no  children. — 
Mrs.  Broome,  Elmburst.  Batheaston,  Bath,  is  desirous 
to  recommend  her  Gardener,  George  Fellows.  Strong,  active, 
and  well  understands  the  ordinary  work  of  a  garden.  Good 
knowledge  of  Plants  from  having  lived  with  the  late  Mr. 
Broome  (a  well-known  Botanist)  for  upwards  of  20  years. 

GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him  ;  age  36,  married,  four  children. — A  Gentleman 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses.  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes,  Melons,  Peaches,  &c.— CHARLES  CAPLING,  Bed- 
hampton  Hill,  Havant. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where  one 
is   kept  — Age  32.     Understands  all  branches.       Good 
character.- H.  H.,  33,  South  Hill  Road,  Gravesend. 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
another  one  or  two  are  kept. — Middle-aged.  Will  make 
himself  useful.— .1.  DEAN,  15,  Bell  Lane,  Enfield  Wash, 
Middlesex. 

ARDENER   (Single    or    Second).  — Five 

years'  experience  in  Kitchen  and  Flower  Garden.  Total 
abstainer.  Good  references.- H.  HERRING,  Waddesdon, 
Aylesbury,  Bucks. 

f^\  ARDENER  (Single-handed  or  Second). — 

VH~  Age  28  ;  good  all-round  experience.  Nine  years  in 
present  situation.  Excellent  references  both  as  to  steadiness 
and  ability.— GARDENER,  2,  Cardinal  Villas,  Stratford  Grove, 
Putney,  S.W. 

GARDENER  (Second,  or  Single-handed). — 
Age  25,  married  ;  thoroughly  understands  Plant  GroW' 
ing  and  Forcing. — G.  P.,  Woolhampton  House,  near  Reading. 

GARDENER  (Second),  where  three  or  four 
are  kept. — Accustomed  to  Stove  and  Greenhouses,  also 
Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens.  —  L.  NEWELL,  The  Berks, 
Eournemouth,  Hants, 


GARDENER  (Third,  or  Single-handed). 
—Age  26,  married,  one  child;  two  aud  a  half  years, 
cliaracter.  Reason  of  leaving,  gentleman  going  away, — F.  M., 
Maywood,  Sevenoaks. 

ARDENER  (Under),  In  or  Out  of  the  Houses. 

—Young,  married;  three  years'  good  character.— C.  II., 
Huntingdon  Street,  St.  Neofs,  Hunts, 

GARDENER  (Under),   wishing  to   improve 
himself. — Age     20;     four     years'    experience.       Good 
character.— H.  C.  HOWSE,  C;u-.tle  Ridng,  King's  Lynn. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  20;  four  years' 
experience.     Good  character.- J.  BRIGGS,  05,  Haver- 
lock  Street,  Caledonian  Road,  Loudon,  N. 

GARDENER  (Under).— Age  2-1:;  eight  years' 
experience     Inside     aud    Out.       Good     references.- C. 
ROOKE,  Rowuham's  Green,  near  Southampton,  Hants. 

ARDENER     (Under).  —  Age     21;     good 

character.  Total  abstainer.  Eighteen  months'  expe- 
rience. Recommended.— JOSEPH  SMITH,  Fowlmere,  near 
Koyston,  Cambs. 

ARDENER  (Under),  Inside  or  Out.— Age 

20;  well  up  in  I'ottins.  Tying,  &c.  Three  years'  ex- 
perience. Good  references.— H.  B.,  8,  Standard  Koad,  Bexley 
Heath.  Kent. 

ARDENER    (Under).— Age    21;   used    to 

Glass  and  Kitchen  Garden.  Good  character. — R,  D., 
5,  Albert  Place,  Putney,  S.W. 

RCHID  GROWER,  or  FOREMAN;  age 25. 

—J.  Ste^TAHT,  Langford  Ptirk  Gardens,  Maldon,  Essex, 
can  with  every  confidence  recommend  his  Foreman,  E.Rristow, 
who  has  been  with  him  five  year,-^,  as  above.  Twelve  years'  ex- 
perience in  good  establishments. 

FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.— Age  '21 ;  four  years  in  present  situation.    Good 
character.— W.  HAWKER,  49,  North  Road,  Highgate,  N. 

I'^OREMAN  ;  age  27. — A  Gardener  can  with 
confidence  recommend  hts  late  Foreman,  whe  served  him 
four  years,  as  above.  Thirteen  years'  experience. — W.  E., 
Pine  Apple  Nursery,  Maida  Vale,  W. 

FOREMAN. — Age  26 ;  ten  years'  experience 
in  Fruit  and  Plant  Houses.  Good  testimonials.  Over 
two  years  iu  last  place  as  Foreman.— MARSH,  45.  Woolcot 
Street.  Redland,  Bristol. 


FOREMAN  (General),  in  a  Private  estab- 
lishment,— Has  had  first-class  experience  in  large  estab- 
lishments. Good  reference. — J.  W.  WAPLEY,  Chipping  Sod- 
bury,  Gloucestershire. 

FOREMAN  (General),  in  a  private  estab- 
lishment.—  Four  and  a  half  years  Orchid  Foreman  at 
Downside.  First-class  reference  for  general  Gardening. — F. 
WHITE,  Downside  Gardens,  L*fltherhead. 

FOREMAN  (Working).  —  Energetic  ; 
fifteen  yeurs'  experience  in  Propagating  and  Growing. 
Also  Wreaths,  Sales,  &c.  State  Wages  and  particulars.— M., 
9,  Grove  Place.  Acton,  ^V. 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  (Working).— Age  26;  well  up  in 
Roses,  Fruits,  and  (iwneral  Nursery  Work  nnd 
Packing,  &c.— NASH,  Mr.  Dixon,  Lee's  Nursery,  Feltham, 
Middlesex. 

OREMAN     (Working),    Outdoors.— Active 

and  energetic.  Well  up  in  Roses,  Fruits,  Conifers,  and 
routine  of  General  Nursery  Work.  Many  years'  experience. 
Excellent  references.  Abstainer. — A.  B.,  Bastonford  Cottage, 
Powick,  Worcester. 

FOREMAN,  or  good  Second,  in  a  good  estab- 
lishment.— Age  28;  fourteen  years'  experience  in  Orchids, 
Plants,  and  Fruit  Houses.— Good  references.— S.  M.,  12, 
Upcerne  Koad,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden,  in 
the  Houses  or  Out-of-doors.  Can  be  highly  recommended. 
Two  years  in  last  situation.— F.  METHEKELL,  Beaworthy, 
Exbourne,  Devon. 

OURNEYMAN  ;  age  19.~Mr.  Brooks,  The 

Gardens,  Red  Rice,  Andover,  Hants,  can  with  every  con- 
fidence recommend  H.  Garlick  to  any  Gardener  who  wants  a 
trustworthy  Journeyman. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  with  Florist 

or  Private  Establishment.— Age  28;  good  character.— 
X.  Y.,  Mrs.  Morton,  3,  Station  Road.  Tottenham  Hale,  Middlesex. 

OURNEYMAN,   in    the    Houses.— Age   21  ; 

three  years  in  present  situation.  Good  recommenda- 
tion. Bothy  preferred.- S.  H.  SNELL.  The  Daison,  St.  Mary 
Church,  Torquay.  

JOURNEYMAN,  or  Second  in  the  Houses,  in 
a  good  establishment.— Age  24  ;  Advertiser,  who  has  had 
ten  years'  experience  in  good  Nurseries,  desires  engagement  as 
above.— W.  K.,  13,  South  Street,  Harborne,  Birmingham. 

OURNEYMAN,  in    large    establishment,   or 

Second  in  smaller. —Last  three  and  a  half  years  in 
Houses,  consisting  of  Vines,  Peaches,  Stove,  Greenhouse,  Ferns, 
&c.  Good  Grape  Thinner,  Pruner.  &c.  Not  object  to  outside. 
Well  recommended. — J.  HORSLEY,  The  Gardens,  Beechwood, 
Driffield,  Yorkshire. 

To  Nurserymen  and  Others. 

ASSISTANT.  —  Age  26  ;  German.  Good 
Propagator  and  Grower  of  Hard  and  Soft- wooded 
Plants,  Ferns,  &c.  Experienced  in  all  branches.  — A.  R., 
Grtrrfeners'C'ArowtWeOffice,  41,  WellingtonStreet,  Strand,  W.C. 


IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  18 ;  strong 
and  active.     Good  references. — E.  D.,  Healaugh  Grange, 
Tudcaster,  Yorkshire. 

IMPKOVEK,    in    a    Gentleman's    Garden    or 
Nursery. — Age  18;   four  years  in  Nurseries,  Indoor  auj 
Hut.— F.  J,  HOLLOW  AY,  Uarnliaiu  Nurseries,  Sussex. 

IMPROVER,  in  the   Houses.— Age  19  ;  strong 
uuil   active.     Good  retereuces.— -Mr.    W.  WHLBBEKLEt, 
Oultou  Park,  Tarporley,  Cliesliire. 

IMPROVER. — A  respectable  young  man  seeks 
re-eugagemeut  iu  the  Houses.  Willmg  to  pay  premium. 
Oood  cliaracter.— A.  GARDENER,  Gardetters'  Chronicle  Oliice, 
41,  Welliugtou  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

''VO  NURSERYMEN.— A  young  man  (age  20) 

JL  wants  a  situation  iu  a  Nursery.  Eight  years'  good  cha- 
racter from  Cranston's.  Well  up  in  Koses  aud  Fruits. — 
MATTHEWS,  Swain's  Hill,  Kiug's  Acre,  Hereford. 

'■pu    NURSERYMEN     and    MARKET 

X  GROWERS.— Wanted  by  u  young  man  (age  21)  an 
engagement.  Experienced  in  Soft-wooded  Vropagutiou, 
Potting,  &c.  Industrious  and  sober.  Can  be  well  recommended. 
—  R.,  Gardeners'  Cltronicle  Oibce,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand,  W.C. 

''PO  NURSERYMEN.— Situation  wanted  in  the 

-L  Houses.  Age  25.  Ten  years'  experience.  Good  refer- 
ence.—E.  B.,  1,  I'ark  Villa,  Parklields,  Futney,  S.W. 

O  GENTLEMEN   and   NURSERYMEN.— 

Young  man  (age  20),  wants  a  situations  in  Gentleman's 
Gardens  or  Nursery.  Seven  years'  good  experience,  mostly 
under  Glass. — L.,  32,  Stamford  Koad,  Fulham,  S.W. 


MARKET  NURSERIES.— Wanted 
employment  iu  a  Market  Nursery.  Age  28.  Twelve 
years'  excellent  references  ;  used  to  Market  Nursery  Work. 
—J.  B.  S.,  9,  Chiseuhale  Road,  Old  Ford  Koad,  N.E. 

^yo  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted  to  place  an 

JL     intelligent  Youth  in  a  good  Garden.    Willing  to  pay  a 


Fruiterers  and  Florists. 

MANAGER,  UUYER,  aud  SALESMAN, 
with  first-class  West  End  experience  and  reference. 
Mr.  W.  Unwin  can  recommend  a  practical  man.— The  "  Piazm," 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Market  Gardeners. 

SALESMAN   and   MANAGER.— Ten   years' 
experience.     Good     references.  —  F.    G.    MARTIN,    St. 
Heliers,  Beacousfield  Road,  St.  Margaret's,  Twickenham. 

CHOPMAN   (Head),  or  MANAGER.— Com- 

^  fortable  berth  required.  Well  up  in  all  brandies. 
Excellent  references.  First-class  thirteen  years'  experience. — 
FUUCTUS.  Hillside,  Canterbury  Grove,  West  Norwood. 

Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

BOOK-KEEPER.  —  Thoroughly  experienced. 
First-class     references. — H.    H.,    Gardeners'     Chronicle 
Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN.— Age  29;  well  up  in  all  depart- 
ments, including  Florist  Work  and  Sundries.     Fifteen 
years'  experience. — W.  .STONE,  Miirket  Square,  Retford. 

To  the  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN  (Second).— Age  21;  seeks  re-en- 
gagement; seven  years'  first  class  experience  of  the 
Trade  in  all  its  departments. — H.  D.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
Office.  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  London,  W.C. 

SHOPMAN  (Junior).— Age  18;  three  years' 
experience  in  Seed  and  Nursery.  No  objection  to  spend 
part  of  time  in  Nursery.  Good  reference. — E.  J.,  Mr.  B.  R. 
Davis,  Yeovil  Nurseries,  Yeovil. 


''rO  THE  SEED  TRADE.— C.  Dimmick,  late 

-L  unior  Partner  in  the  firm  of  0.  Dimmick  &  Sous,  Ryd^, 
is  seeking  employment.  Twenty  years'  practical  experience  in 
in  Seed  Department,  Accounts  and  Correspondence.  Highest 
references  as  to  integrityand  industry. — iS,  Southampton Kow, 
Holborn,  London. 

SEED  TRADE.— A  young  Englishman  seeks 
a  situation  in  a  good  business,  Wholesale  or  Retail — 
Office,  Shop,  or  Warehouse.  Moderate  salary.  Excellent 
knowledge  of  German.  Two  years'  experience  in  good  German 
Houses.  First-class  testimonials.— D.  F.  G.,  Messrs.  Cooper, 
Tabes  &  Co.,  Wholesale  Seed  Merchants.  90,  Southwark  Street, 
London,  S.E. 

Seed  Trade. 

WAREHOUSEMAN,  or  COUNTER  HAND. 
— Eight  years'  experience  ;  total  abstainer  ;  excellent 
references.— E.  B.,  Messrs.  Toogood  &.  Finlayson,  Queen's 
Seedsmen,  Southampton. 

''rO    SEEDSMEN,  &c.— Wanted,  by  a  young 


T 


years'  experience  of  the  trade.— G.  PIEHPOINT.  39,  Dombey 
Street,  Park  Road,  Liverpool. 


HO  LLO WAY'S  PILLS.— Changes  of  tempera- 
ture and  weather  frequently  upset  persons  who  are  most 
careful  of  their  health,  and  particular  in  their  diet.  These  cor- 
rective, purifying,  and  gentle  aperient  Pills  are  the  best  remedy 
(or  all  defective  action  of  the  digestive  organs.  They  augment 
the  appetite,  strengthen  the  stomach,  correct  biliousness,  and 
carry  off  all  that  is  noxiousfrom  the  system.  Holloway's  Pilla 
arecomposedofrarebal3am3,unmixedwith  baser  matter,  and  on 
that  account  are  peculiarly  well  adapted  for  the  young,  delicate, 
and  aged.  As  this  peerless  medicine  has  gained  fame  m  the 
past,  so  will  it  preserve  it  iu  the  future  by  it«  renovating  and  in- 
vigorating qualities,  and  the  imposaibility  of  its  doing  harm. 


356  THE     GABDENER8'     CHRONICLE.  [SKm^MBER  17, 1887. 


Tk  Largest  and  Finest  Stock  of 


ORCHIDS 


IN    THE    WORLD. 


INSPECTION         INVITED. 


Sander  &  Co.,  St.  Albans. 


The  Nurseries  are  entirely  devoted  to  the  Cultivation  of  Orchids,  contain  nearly  4  acres  of  Glass,  and  are 
reached  in  halfan-hour  by  Midland  Railway  from  St.  Pancras,  and  in  45  minutes  hy  Great  Northern  Railway 
from  King^s  Cross,  or  by  London  and  North-  Western  Railway  from  Euston. 

Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor; "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Office.  41.  Wellington  Street.  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 

Printed  by  WruilM  ElOHiHDS.  at  the  Office  of  Messrs.  BRiBBUBT.  Aqkew  &  Co..  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  ot  Whitefrian,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  published  by  tM 

■aid  Welliam  Biobabm,  at  the  Offloe,  «,  Wellington  Street,  Pariah  of  St.  Paul's,  Oorent  Garden,  in  the  said  County SaTOBDay,  September  17,  1887.    Agent  for  Man  cheater— JoHH  HsrwOOD. 


Established  1841.^^1!^^^ 


No.  39.— Vol.  II.  QZ""^}  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  24,  1887. 


[Regt.  as  a  Newspaper. 


rPRicE  3d. 

\   Post-free,  3^. 


CONTENTS. 


Ailantus  glandulosa 

Albino  leaves        

Androsace  foliosa 

Aristolochia  tricaudata... 
Botanic    gardens     iu    the 

West  Indies     

Botanical  Magazine 
Calliandra  tergemina    ... 
Ooloiiial  notes 
Cultural  memoranda 
Flower  bed  at  Kew,  an 

effective 

Flower  garden,  the 
Flower  gardening 
Foreign  products 

Fruit  register      

Fruits  uuder  glass 
Fuchsias  at  Market  La- 

Gardeninw  appointments 

Gooseberries         

Grapes  at  Clovenfords  ... 

Greenhouse,  is  it  a  build- 
ing?         

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  . 

Harpendea  Horticultural 
Society 

Humeaelegans 

Kiuver  seed  farms  and 
trial  grounds 

Kitchen  garden,  the 

"Malesia"  

New  or  noteworthy 
plants     

NymphseaKewcnsisx  ... 
„    tuberosa    var.    fla- 

Orchidsat  Garston 


364  I  Orchid  notes  and  glean- 
ings     f 

Osmanthus  aquifolins   ... 

Paris  

Pentstemonsin  the  Edin- 

Phylloxera  laws  in    the 

German  empire 
Picotees  and  Carnations 

at  the  Pilrig  Nurseries 
Piuguicula  caudata 
Plants  and  their  culture . 
Potato  crop  

Royal  Horticultural   So- 
Salt  and  Narcissus  bulbs 
Scion   on  stock,    the  in- 
fluence of  

Societies ; — 
Aberdeen  Royal  Horti- 
cultural         

Brighton  and  Sussex... 
Dundee  Horticultural  . 
Manchester  Royal  Bo- 
North  of  Scotland  Hor- 
ticultural Association 
Spinovitis  Davidii 
Strawberry  Oxonian 

Swiss  notes  

Terminalia  elegans 
Tomatos.  enormous 
Tropseolum  Mrs.  Peebles 
Veronica  cupressoides  and 

others     

Water,  constituents  of  ... 

Weather 

Wisley       


Illustrations, 


Ailantua  glandulosa 
Elm  leaves,  showing  influence  i 
Eucharis  Candida,  insect-eggs  i 
Gooseberry,  a  cordon 
Gooseberries,  show 
Osmanthus  aquifolius,  buds  of 


CRYSTAL  PALACE, 
GREAT  AITTUMN  EXHIBITION  of  HAKDiT  FRUIT, 
on  THURSDAY,  FKIBAY,  and  S.ATURDAY.  October  6  to  8, 
1887.  Entries  Close  Thursday,  September  29.  For  Schedules, 
&c.,  apply  to 

Mr.  HEAD,  Superintendent  of  Garden  Departmeut. 


BRADFORD  and  DISTRICT  CHRYSAN- 
THE.MUM  SOCIETY. 
The  FIRST  EXHIBITION  of  the  above  Society  will  be  held 
in  the  Technical  School,  on  FRIDAY'  and  SATURDAY, 
November  4  and  6,  when  nearly  ONE  HUNDRED  POUNDS 
will  be  offered  in  Prizes.  Schedules  are  now  ready,  and  may 
be  obtained  from  ,-■     t  ^,^t  t  tt^t,   t,        i 

Mr.  J.  COLLIER,  Secretary. 
10,  Mannheim  Road,  ToUor  Lane,  Bradford. 

HORLEY    CHRYSANTHEMUM 

SOCIETY. 
Presidejit—JAS.  EcKERSLEY,  Esq.,  J.P. 
rice-President — Edw.  Jacxson,  Esq.,  J.P. 
The  FOURTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBrTION  of  CHRYSANTHE- 
MUMS, PLANTS,  FLOWERS,  FRUITS,  &c.,  will  be  held  in 
the  Town  Hall  on  NOVEMBER  18  and  19.    Schedules  may  be 
had  on  application  to 

JAMES  SAROEANT,  Market  Street, 
WM.  BRIMLEY,  Cattle  Market, 


^  Hon.  Se( 


CARNATION  "  MRS.  REYNOLDS  HOLE." 
— A  sterling  novelty.    See  Large  Advertisement  in  issue 
of  Sept.  10,  1887.     CATALOGUES  on  application. 
JAilES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "  Newton  "  Nurseries,  Chester. 


BOUVARDIAS,  fine  bushy  plants,  30s. 
per  100;  CYCLAMENS,  good,  in  48's,  30s.  per  100; 
GARDENIAS,  strong  plants,  30s.  per  100;  Tree  OAKNA- 
TIONS,  best  sorts.  30s.  per  100— good  plants. 

W.  JACKSON,  Blakedown,  Kidderminster. 


QUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

O     containing  accurate  descriptions  and  illustrations  of  the 
leading  kinds  of  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  and  Tulips,  together 
with  complete  Cultural  Instructions,  Gratis  and  jxjst-free  to 
intending  purchasers. 
SUTTON  AND  SONS,  The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  READING. 


PRIDE  OF  PENSHUHST  CARNATION.— 
The  best  pure  yellow  self  ever  introduced.  As  a  Border 
variety,  for  hardiness  and  free  flowering  it  is  unequalled. 
Awarded  First-class  Certificates  at  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
Royal  Botanic  Society,  and  wherever  shown.  The  most  profit- 
able of  all  to  growers  of  cut  bloom  for  market. 

Extra    strong    well-rooted    layers   of   this   lovely   variety, 
carriage  paid,  at  7s.  6rf.  per  dozen.    Sample  pair,  post-free,  for 
18  penny  stamps.    Price  to  Trade  on  application.    Address 
F.  WEBBER,  Quarry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonbridgr.  Kent. 

QPECIAL  OFFER  to  the  English  Trade  of 
O  100,000  INTDUN  AZALEAS,  from  60s.,  70s.,  80s.,  100s., 
120s.,  to  200s.  per  100. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  GHENT  AZALEAS,  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, CAMELLIAS,  FERNS,  PALMS,  for  Table  and  Gen- 
eral Decoration.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA,  SPIR.EIS, 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  and  various  other  Plants  for  forcing. 
All  at  very  moderate  charges. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application,  from 


A.   VAN  GEERT,  Continental 


Ghent,  Belg 


Camellias,  Azaleas.  Bhododendrons,  Palms,  Orchid}. 

&c.     Plants  grown  sp.Hiall\'  for  English  use, 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseryman, 
•  Looehristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  K.  SILBERRAD  and  SON.  25.  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London.  E.G. 

ALM     SEEDS.  —  Fresh    Seeds    of     Kentia 

Belmoreana.  Canterburyana  Forsteriana,  Areca  Bauer! 
and  lutescens,  just  to  hand.  Lowest  quotations.  Samples 
free  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN,  Jun.,  Breslau,  Germany. 

GB.  FISCHER,  Nurseryman,  High  Street, 
•     Clapham,    London,   S.W.,    begs    to    offer  strong  and 
healthy  Plants  from  stores,  at  £5  per  1000.     Cash  with  order. 

MALLER  AND  SONS  beg  to  offer  to  the 

•  Trade  a  very  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown  stock 
of  ERICAS  (Hyemalis  and  other  varieties),  EPACRIS,  SOLA- 
NUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMENS,  BOUVARDIAS,  ADIAN- 
TUM  CUNEATUM  and  other  FERNS,  GARDENIAS,  STE- 
PHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  CROTONS,  GREVILLEAS, 
VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade  CATA- 
LOGUES forwarded  on  application. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.E. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY,— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.    Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


BUDDENBORG  BROTS.,  Bulb  Growers, 
Hillegom.  near  Haarlem,  Holland,  beg  to  offer  CHIONO- 
DOXA  LUCLLIiE  (Glory  of  the  Snow),  strong  home-grown 
Bulbs,  true  to  name,  40s.  per  1000. 

General  Trade  CATALOGUE  Free  on  application. 


FOR  SALE,  RASPBERRY  CANES,  selected 
Fastolf,  30s.;    strong  Carter's,  10s.  per  1000.    STRAW- 
BEREYPLANTS,SirJosephPaxton,12s.perl000,    Terms  cash. 
R.  BATH,  Osborne  Farm,  Wisbeach. 

ESSRS,    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 

Nurserymen,  Sidcup.  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxesand  Labels  supplied. 

Telegraph  Address—"  COMMISSION,  SIDCUP." 


w 

A 

N 

T 

E  D  , 

A    1) 

I   A  N    T 

V   M 

CARDIOCHLJENA  TRAPEZIFORME,  GLEICHENIA 

DICHOTOMA 

SPELUNCE. 

state 

ize  of  pots  am. 

price. 

J. 

EAST, 

Nettlestone 

Ryde, 

Isle  of  Wight. 

WANTED,  a  Thousand  Tubers  of   Bedding 
Single  BEGONIAS  when  taken  up  from  Flower  Beds, 
Apply  Q.  PHIPPEN,  Nurserymi      -     ■' 


PINES. — 45  Queens,  5  Thoresby  Queens, 
27  Smooth  Cayennes,  2  White  Providence — all  fine  clean 
Succession  plants,  and  50  rooted  Suckers,  to  be  sold  cheap.  For 
particulars  apply  to 

IRELAND  ASD  THOMSON,  Nurserymen,  Edinburgh. 


Dutch  Bulbs. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  NtnRSERYMEN, 
•  Seedsmen  and  Florists,  Haarlem,  Holland,  have 
Published  their  New  (Abridged)  CATALOGUE  for  the  season 
of  selected  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  and  other  Bulbs  and  Tubers 
(No.  161),  which  may  be  had  post-free  on  prepaid  application. 

IGNONIA    CHAMBERLAYNE.— A    good 

price  will  be  given  for  a  good  healthy  specimen  of  the 
above,  true  to  name.     Apply  to 

a.  STANTON,  Park  Place  Gardens,  Henley-on-Thames. 

GLADIOLUS,  The  Bride,  home-grown  bulbs, 
lOs.  9d.  per  100.    ANEMONE.  Honorine  Jaubert,  white. 
Autumn  flowering,  8s.  Gd.  per  100.     Packing  and  carriage  free, 
WALSHAW  AMD  SONS.  Scarborough.      


To  those  about  to  Plant  Roses,  &c. 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  View  Nurseries,  Havant, 
will  be  happy  to  forward,  gratis  and  post-free,  their  Priced 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  choicest  new  and  old  va: 


OBURVENICH-DE  WINNE,  Gentbrugge, 
•  near  Ghent,  Belgium,  offers:  —  35,000  well-budded 
AZALEA  MOLLIS,  from  10  —  60  buds ;  20,000  AZALEA 
INDICA.  of  superior  growth,  and  for  English  use;  PALMS, 
RHODODENDRONS,  DRACAENAS,  and  General  Belgian  Stock. 
Ask  for  PRICE  LIST,  free  on  application. 

LAING'S  BULBS,  —  White  Roman  HYA- 
CINTHS,  fine  large  roots,  14s.  per  100;  extra  large  picked 
roots,  16s.  per  100.  Paper  White  and  Double  Roman  NARCIS- 
SUS, 9s.  per  100.  Our  FLOWER  ROOTS  are  unusually  large 
and  well  ripened  this  season.    Prices  low.    All  carriage  free. 


GARDENIA    PLANTS.— Very   bushy,  good 
colour,  showing  flower-bud,  and  absolutely  clean,   in 
5  and  6-inch  pots,  21s.  to  'Ms.  per  dozen. 

JOHN  STANDISH  AND  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 

A  Few  Large  Healthy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamaerops  excelsa,  and  Phcenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N, 

INTER-FLOAVERING  HEATHS,  HYE- 

MALIS  and  Others.  Good  Plants,  showing  well  for 
flower — cannot  be  surpassed — in  5  and  6-inch  pots,  15s.  to  24s. 
per  dozen. 

JOHN  STANDISH  AND  CO..  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot. 

EST  HYACINTHS,  Fom-  Dozen,  in  48's,  of 

the  best  varieties  in  cultivation — all  show  varieties — for 
20s.     Free  by  post.     Send  P. 0.0.  to 

GEBROEDERS   ROOZEN,    Overveen,  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Price  LIST  of  all  sorts  of  Bulbs  free.     Package  free;  free  at 

ARNATION,  "  PAUL  ENGLEHEART."— 

New  Crimson  Clove,    perfectly    hardy,   free  flowering, 
fine  rich  colour,  remarkably  fragrant, 

REQUIRES  NO  STICKS. 
See  Garden,  July  31, 1886  ;  August  13,  1887.  GILBERT  David- 
son, having  acquired  from  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Engleheart  the  entire 
stock  of  this  hue  and  useful  border  Carnation,  is  prepared  to 
Book  Orders  at  once.  The  stock  being  limited,  early  Orders  are 
requested.  Plants  will  be  sent  out  as  soon  as  ready,  in  strict 
rotation,  at  2s.  6d.  each,  24s.  per  dozen. 

GILBERT     DAVITSOX,     Wemoleu,     Ammanford,    R.S.O., 
Carmarthenshire,  S.  Wales. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment,  Wisbech. 

STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation .  post- 
free,  3d.—W.  LOVEL  AND  SON,  Strawberry  Growers,  Driffield, 


358 


THE    GABDENEnS'     ClIliONlCLE. 


[Septembek  24,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Every  Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday. 

DUTCH    BULBS.  —  CiKEAT    UNKESERVED    SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London.  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, and  SATURDAY,  at  halt-past  11  o'clock  precisely, 
extensive  Consignments  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NARCISSUS,  and  other  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
qnality.  lotted  to  suit  the  Trade  and  private  buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


West  Cholderton. 

3  miles  from  Orately  Station,  S.W.R.,  and  within  10  miles  of 

Salisbury  and  Andover. 
SAIE   of  the   COLLECTION  of  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE 

PL.-VNTS,  formerly  the  property  of  the  late  Mrs.  Paxton. 

Without  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  W.  A.  Paxton,  Esq.,  to  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  adjoining  Cholderton  House. 
West  Chohlerlon,  as  above,  on  TUESDAY,  September  27,  at 
13  o'clock  precisely,  the  collection  of  well-grown  STOVE  and 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS.  100  AZALEA  INDICA.  including 
several  fine  specimens  ;  7  splendid  specimen  AG  APANTHUS,  a 
few  ORCHIDS,  GARDEN  ROLLER,  MOWING  MACHINES, 
and  other  UTENSILS. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  on  application  to  the  GARDENER. 
Catalogues  had  at  the  Post-olKce,  West  Cholderton ;  and  of 
the  Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.G., 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Tuesday  Next.— Orchids  In  Flower. 

ESTABLISHED     and     IMPORTED     ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Booms, 
67  and  68,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C.,  on  TUESD.AY  NEXT, 
September  27,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  ORCHIDS  in 
FLOWER,  from  various  countries,  including  Cypripodium 
Godefroyoj,  Cattleyas,  Odontoglossums,  Catasetum  Bnngerothii, 
■with  10  flowers:  Oncidiunis,  and  others;  also  importations  of 
ORCHIDS  received  direct  for  Unreserved  Sale,  and  a  clioice 
assortment  of  ESTABLISHED  OBCHEDS. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next. 
Important  to  Florists  and  Private  Buyers. 
GREAT  SALE  of  2000  AZALEA  I.VDICA  from  Belgium  in- 
cluiling  a  large  number  of  the  splendid  White  variety 
DEUTSCHE  PERLE;  500  LILIUM  HARRISII;  FERNS 
ill  -r.-at  variety  ;  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS.  POT-ROSES, 
SpCLimen  AZALEAS,  and  PALIIS;  English  grown 
LIf.IUM  AURATUM;  1.50  lots  of  Dutch  BULBS, 
N.4.RCISSUS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Booms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
September    28,    at   half-past    12    o'clock  iprecisely,    without 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Friday  Next. 

VAXUABLE    ESTABLISHED    and    IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Sander  to  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms,  67  ani68,  Cheapside,  E.C., 
on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  Septemqer  30,  at  half  past  12  o'clock  pre. 
ciselv,  a  splendid  healthy  lot  of  Established  ORCHIDS,  consist- 
ing of  the  following  r.ire  and  desirable  species,  the  whole  in 
superb  condition. 


Aerides  Lcoiii  expansum 
Oocidiura  Hubschii 
Cattleya  Schroderai 
Odontoglossum        Schilleria- 


cardinale 


Calanthe  Sanderiana 
Oncidium  pyriemensi 
Adrides  Sanderiaaum 
Cypripedium         Albanensi, 

hybrid 
Cymbidium  Lowii 
Cypripedium  vittatum  breve 

„    snperciliare  ornatum 
Faphinia  Sanderiana 

Vanda  Sanderiana,  fine  healthy  pieces — the  finest  lot  evei 
introduced,  in  large  masses  and  grand  condition ;  Oncidinn 
Sarcodes,  Cattleya  guttata.  Ccelogyne.  probably  new;  Lffilii 
harpophylla,  L.  xanthiua.  and  many  other  species. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Cypriped 

"inm 
L%lia  elegang 
Cypripedium  grande 

,,    euryandrum 

,,    Binotii 


Sedeui  candidn- 


Prellmlnary  Notice.— Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton. 

Important  to  Nurserymen,  Florists,  Market  Growers,  and 
Otliers. 
SALE  of  the  FREEHOLD  NURSERY,  with  numerous  GLASS 
ERECTIONS,  and  also  the  STOCK   and   UTENSILS   in 
TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
favoured  with  instructions  from  Mr.  Crowe  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton, 
a  short  distance  from  the  Upton  P.ark  Station,  on  TUESDAY', 
October  11,  at  12  o'clock  precisely  (unless  previously  let  or 
sold  by  private  treaty),  the  compact  FREEHOLD  NURSERY, 
eonsi-tiuK  of  a  large  block  of  Land,  with  11  well-built  Green- 
houses elHciently  heated  by  Hot-water  Piping,  Pits,  &c. 

Following  the  Sale  of  the  Nursery  the  whole  of  the  valuable 
and  immense  stock  of  FERNS,  PAi.MS,  and  other  GREEN- 
HOUSE PLANTS  wiU  be  offered  in  suitable  lots  for  the  Trade 
and  private  buyers. 

The  Auctioneers  desire  to  call  particular  attention  to  this 
Sale,  as  the  Nursery  is  ready  for  immediate  occupation,  and 
presents  a  capitAl  opening  for  any  one  dosirous  of  embarking 
into  a  business  of  this  description.  Fuller  particulars  will 
appear  next  week. 

*  Catalogues  may  behaxlon  thePremises,  and,  with  particulars 
of  the  Nursery,  of  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  AND  MORRIS,  67  and 
68,  Cheapside,  E.C,  and  Leytonstone,  E.,  who  will  be  pleased 
to  receive  in  the  meantime  any  offers  for  either  Letting  or 
Selling  the  property  by  private  contract. 


Elvaston  Nurseries,  Borrowash,  near  Derby. 

IMPORTANT    and    EXTENSIVE    SALE    of    FIRST-CLASS 
NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  have 
received  instructions  from  Jlcssrs.  Barron  &  Son,  to 
SELLby  Afrrr-iV,  ,,,,  r,,  I'l.i,,,-,  .,  „,  .above,  on  WEDNES- 
D.AYandTIII  1  :i\'  -'  -  ,ij  ,;,.|  l;i,  a  large  quantity  of 
BareCONIFl  !:  ;      M  i  ,<  .1  I  •;  s  YEWS,  and  HOLLIES, 

and  other  STiH  K,  ..i  ^^  n.  ir  nirih.r  | .  i  rticulars  will  appear. 
E.C. 


iip^ii 


Sales  of  Nursery  Stock. 

Important  to  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  and  others  engaged  in 
Planting. 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
desire  to  call  .attention  to  the  FOLLOWING  SALES, 

which  have  now  been  definitely  fixed  : — 

OCTOBER  12  and  13.— At  the  , EL V ASTON  NURSERY,  BOB- 
ROWASH,  Derby.    By  order  of  Messrs.  W.  Barron  &  Sons. 

OCTOBER  13.— At  the    NURSERY,  KNOCKHOLT,  SEVEN- 
OAKS.    By  order  of  Mr.  W.  Dale. 

OCTOBER  18  and  19.— At  the    NURSERIES,  WLMBLEDON. 
By  order  of  Messrs.  D.  T.  Thomson  &  Son. 

OCTOBER  24  and  2.5.— At  the  NURSERIES,    RICHMONT), 
S.W.    By  order  of  Messrs.  G.  &  W.  Steell. 

OCTOBER  26.— At  the   ELM    NURSERY,   BRIGHTON.    By 
order  of  Mr.  Thomas. 

NOVEMBER  1.— At  the  HALE  FARM  NURSERIES,  Totten- 
ham.   By  order  of  Mr.  T.  Ware. 
Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  preparation,  and  dates  of  these 

will  shortly  be  announced.    The  Auctioneer  will  be  glad  to  add 

the  Names  of  intending  Purchasers  to  their  permanent  Lists, 

who  may  desire  to  receive  aregular supply  of  these  Catalogues. 
67  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


Whittlngton  Nurseries,  near  Lichfleld. 

PRELIMINARY  ANNOUNCKMENT. 

MESSRS.  WIXTERT(.)N,  I'.E.VLE,  and 
WINTERTON  are  instructed  by  Mr.  Edward  Holmes  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  on  TUESDAY  and 
WEDNESDAY",  October  18  and  19,  and  following  day  if 
necessary. 

AN  IMMENSE  QUANTITY  OF  NURSERY  STOCK, 
remarkably  well  grown  and  splendidly  ront-d.  ciniprising  a 
fine  assortment  of  FRUIT  TREES,  of  tli^^  I.  -t  ^  .n- ;  many 
thousiindsof  healthy  young  FOREST  TKKl  s.  :i  umt  compre- 
hensive collection  of  EVRBGREEN  an  1  li|:(  IIH  ols  TREES 
and  SHRUBS;  an  unique  selection  of  CiiNIKERS.  specially 
grown;  choice  named  sorts  of  RHODODENDRONS,  Hardy 
Climbers,  and  a  large  quantity  of  the  best  Herbaceous  Plants. 

Djtailed  particulars  in  future  notices  and  Catalogues  to  be 
obtained  14  days  prcvimis  to  Sale  from  the  Auctioneers. 
St.  JI;irv'sCliaiiil..T-.  Lichfield. 


Bulbs-Bulba  -Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STE\'ENS  will  (SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  KingStrcit.  Coveut  Garden.  W.C, 
every  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and  S.ATURDAY,  First-class 
BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7J92.) 

IMPORTED  and  ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his 
SALE  bv  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  ,S8,  King 
Street,  Covent  "Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSD.AY  NEXT,  Sep- 
tember 29,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  preciselv,  a  fine  lot  of 
ESTABLISHED  ORCHIDS,  including  many  plants  in  flower 
and  bud ;  a  few  new  ORCHIDS  from  Mr.  A.  Regnier,  also  a 
fine  importation  of  ONCIDIU.M  ROGERSI,  O.  CRISPUM, 
MILTONI.AS.  and  other  BRAZILIAN  ORCHIDS,  received  direct. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Thursday  Next.— (Sale  No.  7492.) 
VALUABLE     IMPORTED    ORCHIDS. 
CYPRIPEDIUM  VITTATU-M  BREVE, 
AiJRIDES  LAWRENCIJE. 

„    ROBELENH. 
VANDA  SANDERIANA. 
PHALJENOPSIS  AMABILIS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms.  38.  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  29,  at  half- 
past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  superb  lot  of  the  rare  and  beautiful 
CYPRIPEDIUM  VITTATUM  BREVE,  just  arrived,  in  excel- 
lent condition,  with  fine  healthy  breaks.  Fine  plants  of  the 
extremely  beautiful  AERIDES  LAWRENCI.« ;  this  most 
handsome  Orchid  stands  quite  unique  among  Aerides ;  the 
flowerspike  attains  a  length  of  2  feet,  and  its  blossoms 
measure  up  to  2  inches  in  diameter.  Also  healthy  plants  of 
the  scarce  A.  ROBELENII ;  this  is  a  grand  Orchid,  and  very 
rare;  it  grows  together  with  Vanda  Sanderiana,  and  requires 
the  same  treatment;  its  flowers  are  large,  white,  spotted  with 
crimson,  with  a  yellow  centre. 

At  the  s,ame  time  will  be  offered  a  wonderful  lot  of  VANDA 
SANDERIANA,  including  the  finest  masses  that  have  ever 
reached  Europe;  it  is  undoubtedly  "  the  *  introduction  of  late 
years,  and  unquestionably  the  most  superb  Vanda  known. 
The  Sale  will  include  Ccelogyne  species,  probably  quite  new  ; 
Ltelia  autumnalis,  Odontoglossum  citrosmum,  large  ma-sses ;  O. 
Loniiesboroughianum,  Lrelia  purpurata,  Cattleya  citrina,  the 
rare  Dendrobium  profusum,  Epidendrum  nemorale,  Pilumna 
nobilis,  and  many  other  ORCHIDS. 

On  view  tlie  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Thursday  Next-(Sale  No.  7192.) 

NEW      and      VALUABLE      ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  include  in  his  SALE 
by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  .38,  King  Street. 
Covent  Garden,  Vf.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  September  29, 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  L'Horticulture 
Internationale,  50  fine  plants  of  Catasetum  Bungerothi, 
principally  in  Flower  and  Bud;  fine  pieces  of  Cypripedium 
prjLstans,  C,  Nec-Guineense,  Vanda  Massaiana,  Dendrobium 
Stratiotes,  &c.,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orchids  In  Flower. 

MR.   J.    G.  STEVENS  beg.s  to  announce  that 
his  next  SPECIAL  SALE  .il  iilnllllis  in  FLOWER 

and  BUD  will  take  place  at  1.1,  i.;.  .'   I; s,  King  Street, 

Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  Wll'    '      ■-  1  .l„-r  12,  and  he 

will  be  glad  if  Gentlemen  ih  - ■  iilants  for  this 

Sale  will  please  send  particukti- .1-    "Ml  ,1    p.  -il.le. 


Bagshot,  Surrey.  —  For  Absolute  Sale. 

THOUSANDS  of  FRUIT  TREES.  Standards  and  Dwarfs; 
HOLLIES.  LAURELS,  BERBERIS,  LIGUSTRUM.  RHO- 
DODENDRONS, CUPRESSUS,  CEDRUS,  RETINO- 
SPORAS.  AZALEAS,  and  a  general  assortment  of  HARDY 
SHRUBS  and  TREES  in  great  variety,  being  the  contents 
of  an  outlying  Nursery  for  absolute  clearance. 

To  which  will  be  added  a  very  large  and  varied  stock  of  all  the 
most    valuable    NURSERY    TREES    and    SHRUBS    in 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  Mr.  Charles  Noble  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on 
the  Premises,  as  above,  situated  half  a  mile  from  Sunuingdale 
Station,  L.  &  S.  W.  Railway,  on 

MONDAY,  October  31  WEDNESDAY,  November  2 

TUESDAY,  November  1  THURSDAY,  November  3 

MONDAY,  November  14  WEDNTISDAY,  November  16 

TUESDAY,  November  15  THURSDAY,  November  17, 

at  half-past  12  o.Clock  precisely  each  day.    Further  particu- 


MR.  BATCHELER  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
without  reserve,  at  10,  Downham  Road,  King.sland 
Road.  E.,  on  MONDAY,  September  26,  at  1  o'clock  prompt. 
Glass  Studio,  handsome  Conservatories,  Garden  Smoking  Rooms, 
Lean-to  Greenhouses,  Summer-houses,  Portable  Workshops 
(40  by  18  feet),  Sashbars,  Ladders.  Paints,  Whitelead,  Varnish, 
Terebine,  Verniilinn  Puttv.  &r.     Critalo»uea  of 

II.  E.  BATCHELER, 'Auctionn-r.  Ualston  .Tunction,  E. 


To  Gentlemen,  Gardeners,  Florists,  &c. 
ANTED  TO  RENT,  a  Private  GARDEN  or 

Small  NURSERY,  with  2  or  3  Glasshouses  and  Cottage, 
particulars  to  A.  B.,  Howard  Street,  Oxford. 


w 


Add: 


London,  S.E. 

TO    BE    SOLD,    a    capital    NURSERY, 
2i    Acres  of  Ground,   7   Greenhouses,  and    Residences. 
Rent,  £1.5.    Incoming  very  low. 

Full  particulars  of  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside.  E.C. 

OR  SALE,  a  SMALL  NURSERY,    SEED 

and  FLORIST  BUSINESS,  in  first-rate  locality.  Good 
Jobbing  connection,  which  may  be  very  much  extended. 
Particulars  of  F.  R.  BRUCE.  Uxbridge  Road,  Ealing  Dean. 

Nine  Miles  from  London,  close  to  Rail. 
X'dl!  DISIMISAL,    a    small    XUliSKlIY    and 
X      .lnli|:lNO  1:1  ,SINK.s.S-:'lM  l-rt  l.y  v^  ^pan-roofed  Green- 
houses, in  unrkiiig  .inli-i-.     I'cr-uual  introduction  to  customers. 
TENANT,  9,  Park  Villas,  Chadwell  Heath,  Essex. 

TO  FLORISTS.— FOR  SALE,    with  Imme- 
diate IV,......, on,  .;ri.-i.NHOT'.SES.  all  fitted  with  4-inch 

Hot-wat.r  1  m.  I,  in,,  .  .',,1  ,,  ,|  Trade  Utensils.  Situated 
inafirst,;,.-  ;  ,  ,  ;  ,  I,,  ,,.-.  with  Walled-in Garden, 
and  Wnt<;  I   ,  ;  ,  :,      (■  ,  !.._',    Lease  14  years.    Price 


£275.    A  1 


\pi.ly  WHITE.  High 


■■mid  r 
et,  Sitting 


GJ.ENERAL  NURSERY,  FRUIT  GROWING, 
r  and  FLORIST  BUSINESS.  —  Surrounded  bv  several 
large  towns.  Unusual  opportunity  to  an  enterprising  man. 
Nearly  4  Acres  of  good  Land,  11  Greenhouses,  well  heated, 
with  Residence.  Rent  on  Lease,  £60,  or  the  Freehold  would  be 
Sold— stock,  good-will,  &c.,  at  valuation,  about  £600.  Full 
particulars  of 
Pl'.i  1 THEROE  AND  MORRIS,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London. 

''VO  BE  LET,  or  SOLD,  a  valuable  Freehold 

i     NURSERY,  with  Cottage,  situated  in  Greenwich.   About 
1  acre  walled  in,  and  half  under  glass.    All  Fittings.    Water 
laid  on.    Only  parties  with  substantial  means  need  apply  to 
"  ANCHOR  BREWERY',"  Lewisham,  S.E. 

To  Florists  and  Market  Gardeners. 

Close  to  a  station,  and  15  minutes  from  Town. 

TO  BE  LET,  on  LEASE,  or  SOLD  as  a 
going  concern,  4  acres  of  LAND,  well  planted,  capital 
RESIDENCE,  and  500  feet  run  of  GLASS  in  six  HOUSES,  well 
stocked  with  Gardenias,  Stephanotis,  &c.  The  Proprietor  has 
carried  on  a  lucrative  business  for  seventeen  years,  and  is 
relinquishing  solely  on  account  of  ill-health. 

Full  particulars  on  application  to  Mr.  WILLIAM  HODSOLL, 
Estate  Agent,  &c.,  Farningham  and  Gravesend. 

TO  BE  LET,  and  may  be  entered  upon  imme- 
diately, WING  NURSERIES.  Rutland.  The  above  con- 
tains about  1^  acre,  together  with  five  Houses,  containing 
3000  feet  of  glass,  good  10-roomed  Dwelling-house,  with  Stable 
and  necessary  Outbuildings.  Within  1  mile  of  Manton Station, 
and  Ixalf  a  mile  by  foot-road.    Rent  moderate. 

Apply  to  Messrs.  ROYCE,  Auctioneers,  Oakham. 

Atherstone,  Warwickshire. 

TO  BE  LET,  by  Tender,  for  a  term  of  Twenty- 
one  Y'ears,  determinable  at  seven  or  fourteen,  all  those 
valuable  premises  known  as  THE  GRAPERY,  ATHERSTONE, 
with  five  Cottages,  Garden  Ground,  and  Field  ;  the  whole  con- 
taining 14  acres. 

The  Buildings  comprise  ;— A  Vinery,  105  feet  by  40  feet  over; 
a  \'inery,  32  feet  by  24  feet  over ;  small  lean-to  Vinery ; 
Stephanotis-house,  a  Span-roof  18-light  Pit,  Span-roof  Cucum- 
ber-house, 52  feet  by  14  feet  6  inches  over;  Vinery  over  Cot- 
tages, 122  feet  by  25  feet  over;  and  Lean-to  Vinery. 

The  Vines  are  of  high  quality;  the  whole  of  thepremises  are 
in  good  working  order ;  they  are  close  to  the  railway  station, 
haviug  direct  communication  with  Town. 

Most  of  the  Garden  Ground  is  let  in  allotments,  the  rents  of 
which,  with  the  Cottages  and  Field,  amount  to  £130. 

The  Lessee  will  purcnaae  the  Stock  in  Trade  on  the  premises 
at  a  valuation. 

For  Terms  of  Tender,  and  other  information,  apply  to  the 
undersigned,  to  whom  Tenders  must  be  sent  in,  marked 
"Tenders  for  Grapery." 

WLLLIAM  ARMISHAW, 

Clerk  to  the  Governors  of  the  Atherstone  Grammar  School, 


September  24,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHRONICLE. 


359 


THE     GARDENERS' 

ORPHAN  FUND. 


DONATIONS    and    SUBSCRIPTIONS 


WILL  BE  IHANKrULLY  RECEIVED  BY 

A.  F.  BARRON,  Hon.  Sec, 

Eoyal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens, 
Chiswick,  London,  W. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  In  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED    CATALOGUE,   containing    "Hints    on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  l5. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive      "List    OF    New,    Rare,    and 

Choice  Ferns,"  and  "H-ajidy  North  Ameuicaa"  Ferns," 

free  on  application. 


W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

FERN    mJESEEY,    SALE,    MANCHESTER. 


JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOR  EARLY  FORCING. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  ^^^lite,  fine  selected 

roots,  U!.  [JIT  clo/i'Ti,  irx.  per  100. 
NARCISSUS,  Double  lloman.  Is.  M.  per  doz., 

lOs.  per  100. 
.,     Paper  White.  \s.  6d.  per  dozen.  10s.  per  100. 

TULIPS,    Duo   Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

8(/.  per  dozen,  4s.  per  100. 


All  Carriage  Free.    Catalogues  Gratis  and  Post-free. 


THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 
CHARD,     SOMERSETSHIRE. 


ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  Stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that 
without  seeing  it  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception 
o£  its  unprecedented  extent. 

FRUIT  TREES,  ROSES,  AZALEAS,   CAMELLIAS, 

BOU\'.\RDIAS,  CYCL.illENS.   ERIC.IS.  EPACKIS,  PRI.MU- 

LAS.  SOLANUMS,  TREE  CARNATIONS,  and  other 

WINTER   and    SPRING  BLOOMING   PLANTS, 

Of  fine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 

INSPECTION  Invited. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  274,600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW     &    CO., 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,    E. 

SPECIALTIES. 


TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  "Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to . 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S    ACliK  NURSERIES,    HEREFORD. 

CUTBUSH'S  MILL- 
TRACK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 
—  Too  well  known  to  require  descrip- 
tion Price,  6s.  per  bushel  (Is.  extra 
per  bushel  for  package),  or  6(i.  per 
cake  ,  free  by  parcel  post.  Is. 

None  genuine  unless  in  sealed  pack- 
ages and  printed  cultural  directions 
enclosed,  with  oursignatureattached. 

WM.  CUTBUSH  AND  SON 
(Limited),  Nurserymen  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Highgate  Nurseries,  N. 


FLORISTS' 
FLOWERS. 

Strong  transplanted  seedlings,  from  our  magnificent 
strains. — Post-free. 

Per  dozen — s.  d. 

AURICULAS,  Alpine,  very  choice        2  6 

PRDIULAS,  choicest  red...  1    ,^       ..,„,.       j    (      1  ^ 

„    „    white        }  beautifully  fringed  .|      j  g 

„     „    mixed        per  100, 10s.  6(i.    1  6 

,,    „    ,,    extra  strong 2  6 

,,    Crimson  King,  magnificent  colour,  fine  plants...    3  6 

,,    Queen  of  Whites,  superb  variety 3  6 

CINERARIAS,  splendid  strain    ...      per  100,  10s.  6rf.    1  6 

CALCE0LARL4.S,  herbaceous,  beautiful  strain       ...    3  0 
CARNATIONS  and  PICOTEES,  very  choice,  from 

stage  flowers,  mixed 1  6 

PRIMROSES,  splendid  hybrids  ...      per  100,  10s.  6ii.     1  6 

POLY.VNTHUS,  Gold-l,-iced.  fine  per  100,  7s.  6rf.    1  0 

DANIELS"  BROS., 

TOWN     CLOSE     NURSERIES, 
NORWICH. 


ORCHIDS. 

AN    IMMENSE   STOCK. 

ALL     IN    FINE     CONDITION. 
INSPECTION  INVITED. 


New  Catalogue  free  on  application  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE   VINEYA.RD    &•  NURSERIES, 

GARSTON,    near    LIVERPOOL. 


S.  WILLIAIVIS' 


I  Improved  Mushroom  Spawn, 

Per   ca!;c.    Lit/,;    per  cake,   free   by 

Parcels  Post.  Is. 

For  Outdoor  and  Indoor  Culture. 

>)         Victoria  and  Paradise 
Nurseries, 
Upper  Holloway,  London,  N. 


15,000  TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LEADING  VABIETrES, 


The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 
any  in  the  country.  LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 
application.        ^^.^^^  j^  j^^  ^^^^^  „,j  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN   COWAN),    Limited, 

THE  VINEYARD  iiml  NURSERIES,  GARSTON, 

NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


APPLES,  PEARS,  PLUMS, 

CHERRIES, 
APRICOTS,  PEACHES, 

And  other  FRUIT  TREES, 

moithj  in  /ill!  bmring. 

Magnificent  Trees.     Certainly 

imsurpassed. 

NOW    IS    THE    TI.ME    TO    SELECT. 

Inspection  invited.     Cittahgues  free. 


•^He-Queen'§-l)eed§a2eF2y 


THOMAS  S.  WARE, 

HALE  FARM  NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

I  have  pli'asur.'  in  announcing  that  the 
NEW  BULB  CATALOGUE,  in  two  parts,  is 
now  ready,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  complete 
Bulb  Catalogue  ever  published — no  Hardy  or 
Forcing  Bulb  claiming  any  real  usefulness  is 
omitted ;  the  Catalogue  is  Illustrated  with 
several  New  Engra\-ings.  Copies  may  be  had 
upon  application. 

NARCISSUS    and    DAFFODILS, 

for  which  the  Tottenham  House  has  a  world- 
wide reputation  amongst  both  Trade  and  Retail 
Buyers,  occupy  a  considerable  portion  of  this 
Catalogue — including  an  almost  innumerable 
number  of  forms  from  the  old  popular  garden 
sorts  to  the  most  modern  hybrids,  as  well  as 
many  newly  discovered  varieties.  It  is  necessary 
that  Orders  for  these  should  reach  me  early, 
as  the  demand  is  very  great. 

LILIES. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remind  readers 
of  this  Journal  that  I  have  one  of  the  finest 
Collections  in  the  country,  and  this  portion  of  the 
Catalogue  will  be  found  "of  special  interest  to  all 
who  delight  in  any  of  the  many  and  very  varied 
forms  of  this  interesting  family.  This  section  is 
embellished  with  many  high-class  Engravings, 
now  introduced  for  the  first  time;  and  these, 
although  n.aturally  much  reduced,  give  a  most 
correct  idea  of  the  style  both  of  growth  and 
ilower,  of  the  Lilies.they  illustrate. 

DUTCH     BULBS 

have  not  been  neglected  in  this  New  Catalogue, 
and  most  complete  collections  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  &c.,  occupy  several  pages. 
All  the  varieties  offered  are  tried  sorts,  and  the 
prices  in  many  cases  unusually  low. 

FORCING     BULBS 

will  be  found  fully  detailed  at  competitive  prices, 
including  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  PAPER 
WHITE  NARCISSUS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY', 
SPIR.EAS,  TUBEROSES,  &c. 

IRIS 

in  endless  variety.  Very  extensive  collections  of 
English,  Spanish,  Siberian,  German,  Japanese, 
and  other  forms  ;  my  collection  of  these  is  very 
complete. 

CALIFORNIAN,      CAPE,      AND 
MEXICAN     BULBS. 

Very  extensive  Lists  of  these,  including 
CAL0C;H0RTUS  and  CYCLOBOTHRA, 
AMARYLLIS,  MILLAS,  NERINES,  &c. 

HELLEBORES. 

A  very  grand  Collection,  in  many  showy  use- 
ful varieties.     All  fine  home-grown  stuff. 


Catalogue  mag  le  had  gratuitouslg  and 
fost-free  upon  application. 


Thomas  S.  Ware, 

HALE    FARM    NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,    LONDON. 


360 


THE     OARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septemsek  24,  1887. 


ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old   English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18s.  to  36s.  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &    CO., 

worcester. 

Established     1827. 


L,    PAILLET, 

CIIATENAY,  SEINE, 
NEAR     PARIS,     FRANCE, 

Ojffers  the  folloioing  Plants  : — 
AEV'ICABIA  EXCELSA,  nice  planta  from  head  cuttings  or 
tintfts,  lit  to  12  inches,  £2  per  dozen;  la  to  16  inches,  £J 
In  £  '  1 1  \  li.T  cl.,/.en ;  16  to  20  inches,  £2  10s.  to  £3  per 

.In.-,  n      ■■    l.il'l  hinhos,  £3to£4perdozen. 
ASr;iil    ■  l:  \    M  ^   ■:■<  [.•ates,  £1  to  £1  10s.  per  dozen;  20  to 

:f  I   •  I  i   !■■     to  £2  per  dozen. 

PHHUMH    1)  i  I  \  1  .,  1  to.'; leaves. 2 to 2J  feet  high, £3 per  100; 

6  to  r  ici; .  .,  -J  lij  3  feet  high,  £1  per  100. 


XILiCS    FOR    FORCING. 

CHAKLES  X..  ALIi.V  VIKOINALIS  —  plants  with  6  to  10 
branches.  £1  to  £.t  per  100  ;  plants  with  10  to  lo  branches, 
£')  to  £6  per  lliO;  plants  with  15  to  20  branches,  extra, 
£ )  to  £8  per  100. 

EOtlGE  1)E  TRIANON  (Redof  Trianon— new  variety),  with  im- 
mense red  llower,  long  and  large,  enormous  bunch,  superior 
to  C!i;irles  X.,  6  to  l.T  branches,  £1  10s.  to  £2  per  dozen. 

j\'.i?!'.— All  these  plants  are  cultivated  in  pots,  and  are 
well  ^<l  w  ith  flowers  ;  plants  are  from  20  inches  to  3  feet 
Ijiiulu-sliigh. 

LILAC  KOUGE  UE  MAKLY  (Red  of  Marly),  variety  employed 
to  obtain  White  Lilac ;  sold  in  bunch,  3  to  5  feet,  £4,  £5, 
to  £6  per  100. 

PERSrCA  SAUGEANA.  nxe  bushy  plants,  3  to  4  feet  high, 
£4  to  £.^  per  100.  These  Lilacs  are  grown  in  open  ground, 
transplanted.    Well  set  with  flower-buds. 


■  \nT  100; 
I  i-T  100. 


rith 


.  1  I.ORE-PLENO.inpots,£.l  to£.5per  100. 
,IM  ssis,  IXORE-PLENO,  on  small  standards, 
,r,  1.  IjLiJiy  head,  20  to  30  branches,  full  of  flower; 
uiteii,  tit  for  pot  culture  and  for  forcing.  New 
splendid  in  bloom,  £1  bs.  to  £1  15s.  per  dozen. 
I)  roots  and  grafted  or  budded  on  roots ;  best  sorts, 
,.iirl..n  Hybrid.  1  yr.  !\m\  2-yr.  transplanted, 
, I, ^|n, .,(,,■  ,     L"..Mii    y|  ,!iM,,i-Liii,   1-yr.    and   2-yr. 

\i  I! I   u  i'::    >i      I    l:i  llRUM.goodbuIbs.in 

.,«,-.  I   '.  :i-"il"  ■■  r-,1  ""■  L'J.£,i.to£:ilOs.perinO. 
.S.  -;  I. ■■■I  up  t"  :i  irrt,  tl  Ills,  to  £1  18s.  per  Jor.eu. 


NEW     LILY     OF     THE     VALLEY. 

Cl;NVALLAHI.\.  JIAJALIS  ALIiA  GRANDIFLORA  (Fortin 
variety,  trne).  This  splendid  new  variety  has  been  re- 
warded with  a  First-class  Prize  by  the  Committee  of  Flori- 
culture of  the  NationalandCentralSociety  of  France.  When 
presented  la,t  .Miiy  (l-i<7).  the  Committee  said:— "This 
spleudid  v:ii  j  i  .  \'  lii  '  -  ilnwers  and  bunch,  is  three  times 
as  large  ii-  i  in';  and  will  be  the  most  useful 

andmostpi  ,      i     .    rforcingflorists."    Price: — 1-yr. 

plauts,  f  1  |i'  t    III  i:i|.ir  1 1;  2-vr.  plants,  £1  8s.  per  100, 

£13  per  1 i;   :.  yr    iJiiiiH.  £J  per  100,  £IS  per  1000. 

.Vrfe.  —  l'i:iiil>  of  .i  \  i-urs  only  are  able  to  liloom  this  season. 


PJEONIA    ARBOREA  —  PiEONIA 

SINENSIS. 

Special  Culture.    The  mtv  li>--l  iiml  the  richest  collection. 

P.EONIA  ARBOREA.  piml  "r.lniiirv  ^irts:  250  varieties. 

NEW  AND  VERY  RARE  N'AKIKl'IE.S.— 55  varieties. 

CHINESE  VARIETIES,  introduced  by  Mr.  Robert  Fortune; 
34  varieties. 

JAPANESE  VARIETIES,  brought  over  by  .lapanese  growers 
to  the  Paris  Exhibition,  in  1878;  8  varieties.  Disposable 
by  hundreds  and  thousands,  1,  2.  and  3-yr.  old ;  middle- 
sized  plants,  3  to  6  years  old  ;  strong  plants,  6  to  8  years; 
extra  large  specimen,  8  to  15  years  old. 

All  the  Plants  cultivated  in  pots. 

P.EONIA  SINENSIS— good  ordinary  sorts,  230  varieties ;  new 
and  choice  sorts,  26  varieties;  very  new  and  very  rare  sorts, 
22  varieties.    Disposable  in  plants,  1,  2,  and  3  years  old. 

Special  CATALOGUES  of  Preonies,  printed  in  English, 
containing  List  of  Varieties  with  their  description  and 
price,  will  be  sent  on  application. 
^-  CATALOGUES,  Printed  in  English,  con- 

taining  Fruit    Trees,   Fruit  Tree   Stocks,   Soses, 

Pose  Stocks,  and  others,  will  be  smt  on  application. 


STRAWBERRIES. 

strong  Roots,  4s.  per  100.    Plants  in  small  pots.  16x.  per  100; 
ditto  in  large  pots.  2t^s.  per  100.     Descriptive  LIST  free. 

T,rr,..  .ut,     t-nTTTu      ...^     nr.        Nuraerymen     and     Seed 


IFR^EYFRUIT     TREES. 

U  ^  rV  «J  K^  I  t'lirriiiKi-  I'iiiil.  Cnnlonsaspecialite. 
Write  for  Illustrated  C,il;,l"-ii.-  to  .luslirA  LE  OORNU 
AI*D  SON,  High  View  Xiir-irii -.,  w  Im  will  vi^nd,  carriage 
paid  tor  cash  witli  order,  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  fOr  218. 
Early  orders  Becure  extra  strong  pluuts. 


FOR  SALE,  between  5  and  6  Quarters  of  Selected 
DRU.MHEAD  SAVOY  SEED,  this  vear'sgrowth.    Apply  to 
Mr.  TAYLOR.  Driusey  Nook  Nurseries,  Saxilby,  Lincoln. 

f\{\{\   {\t\(\  LILY  of  the   VALLEY  Pipes, 

»- 'V' V/^  V/V/ V/     iirst^claas  for  Forcing,  can  be  had  from 


QTRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  true  names  (plant 

O  at  once),  3s.  &d.  per  100.  Oscar,  President,  Crimson 
Queen,  Keen's  Seedling,  Sir  J,  Paxton,  Eleanor,  Eclipse.  British 
Queen,  La  Constante,  Garibaldi,  VicomtesseH.  deThury,  Duke 
of  Edinburgh,  Princess  Alice  Maude,  Marguerite,  Elton  Pine, 
James  Veitch,  Comte  de  Paris,  Laxton  (true).  Captain  (new), 
4.S.  perlOO;  Laxton 's  King  of  Earlies,  true,  new,  4.s-.  per  It^K). 
Ca^h  with  all  orders.  Packingfree.— R.  LOCKE, Wrotham,  Kent. 


CHEAP  OFFER. 

AZALEA   MOLLIS,  seedlings,  fine  bushy  plants.  10  to 
25  buds,  85.  to  Sis.  per  dozen,  50s.  to  60s.  per  100. 
RHODODENDRONS,  small  seedlings,  all  from  the  very  best 
scarleta,  9  to  12  inches,  bushy.  20s.  per  100. 
Tlie  above  are  fine  stuff,  and  are  offered  at  a  low  rate,  being 
on  ground  that  must  be  cleared  for  building  purposes. 

Our  New   General  CATALOGUE  for  the  present  season  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  to  any  address  on  application, 

ISAAC    DAVIES    and    SON,  Nurserymen,   Ormskirk,  near 
Liverpool. 


GLADIOLUS     COLVILLII      ALBA, 
"THE  BRIDE," 
First-size  Root?,   per   1000,    b%s.     Samples  may  be   had   on 
application. — Apply  to 

Mr.  P.  \'AN  TIL,  .lun..  Bulb  Grower,  Hillegom,  Holland. 


]Vf       O       AV  READ       Y.— 

i.1  WHITE   mis    ANGLICA,    THE    BRIDE. 

WHITE    GLADIOLUS,    THE    BRIDE, 
WHITE    ANEMONE,    THE    BRIDE. 
All  very  effective  white  flowers,  for  Cutting  or  Decorative 
Purposes. 

loo  splendid  roots  of  each  of  the  above  mentioned  "  Brides," 
may  be  had  free  per  Parcel  Post  on  receipt  of  P. 0.0.  for  20s. 
payable  at  Overveen,  Haarlem. 

GEBROEDERS  ROOZEN.  Bulb  Growers,  Overveen, 
Haarlem,  Holland. 

Special  quotations  for  larger  quantities  of  any  of  the  above. 
Dest-riptive  LIST  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  and  Bulbous  Plants  may 
be  had  free  on  prepaid  application. 

Packngefree;  free  at  homp. 


BUYERS    OF    BULBS 


SdV'- — PER  CENT- — -\> 
^  BY  PURCHASING  OF 


OAKSHOTT  &  MILLARD, 

Eoyal  Counties  Seed  Establlshmeiit, 

Reading,  Berks. 

CATAUK.I  t:.s  (:r„t,<  „mt  Po^t'/ree. 


H.  CANNELL  &  SONS' 

(F.R.H.S.,    ILJl.r.A.ll.) 

COMPLETE  CATALOGUE 

Of  all  Wants  for  the  Garden  during  the  Autumn 

and  Winter — supplied  Cheapest,  Quickest, 

and  of  the  Best  Quality,  to  any  part  of  the  World. 

SENT    POST    FREE. 


THE  HOME    OF  FLOWERS, 

S  W  A  N  L  E  Y,     KENT. 


DUTCH    AND    OTHER 

FLOWERING    BULBS. 

Superb  qualities^  at   moderate  prices. 

Large  Collections  of  all  the  very  best  varieties  of  Hyacintha, 
Tulips,  Crocuses,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  Snowdrops,  &c. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  application. 


SUTTON'S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


1  (\(\(\  GARDENIAS,  in  48-pots;  GENISTAS, 

-IvUv/  in  48-pot3,  at  16s.  per  100  ;  1000  PTERIS 
HAST  ATA,  from  good  plants,  in  43-pots.  at  £1  per  100; 
1000  AUIANTUM  CUNEATUM,  at  £1  Is.  per  100;  2000 
GREVILLEA  ROBUSTA,  at  £1  Is.  per  100,  in  48-pot3.  For 
cash  only,  payable  by  Money  Order  at  Leyton  Green. 
T.  BALDWI.N  AND  SO.V,  Edith  Nursery,  Birchall  Road,  Leyton. 

"■pO  BE  SOLD,   cheap,  a  Small   Select  COL- 

-L  LECTION  o£  ORCHIDS.    .Must  be  cleared. 

T.  WHILLAMS.  21.  Rivenswood  Road,  Balham.  S.W. 

Ferns— Ferns— Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Dv'iOii^  Lane  Nur-^erv.  Upv'er  Edmonton. 

TELEGltAl'JIIC    AIiDRESS— ■■  I'TERIS."    LONDON. 


Grandest  Violet  ever  Offered. 

MR.  J.  I'll.V.MJiEltS,  Westlake  Nurseries, 
Isleworth,  London,  W..  is  now  sending  out  his  New 
Double  VIOLET  "  VIOTORLA."  Strong  Plants,  full  of  flowei^ 
buds,  at  Is.  6rf.  each,  or  18s.  per  dozen,  free  by  post.  All  orders 
to  be  accompanied  with  remittance.  Trade  price  on  application. 
First-class  Certificate  RoyalHorticultural  Society.  April  12, 1887. 

QA  C\i\(\   CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,  of  all  the 

0\/^V/V/V/  finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants :  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5^inch  pots.  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICILARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 

Daffodil  Planting, 

HARTLANDS  Original  LITTLE  BOOK  for 
1887.  Post-free,  Is.  6ti.  It  is  beautifully  Illustrated  by 
Gertrude  Hartland,  containing  numerous  full-sized  Draw- 
ings, and,  as  a  work  of  art,  unique.  From  the  great  demand 
W.  B.  H.  finds  himself  compelled  to  have  it  reproduced.  Please 
write  for  copy,  and  prior  to  your  sending  Daffodil  orders;  if  not 
pleased  your  money  will  be  refunded.  ADuplicateCopy  (not  illus- 
trated), with  a  General  BULB  LIST,  can  be  had  free  of  cost, 
and  the  Book  itself  is  presented  gratis  with  orders  above  40s. 

WM.  BAYLOR  HAKTLAND,  Seedsman,  24,  Patrick  Street, 
Cork,  Ireland. 


UTCH  BULBS. 

IRECT  FROM  THE  GROWERS. 


ANT.  ROOZEN  AND  SON,  NnBSKRYMEN, 
Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 
Intending  purchasers  of  DUTCH  BULBS  are  invited  to  read 
ANT.  ROOZEN  and  SON'S  CATALOGUE  for  1887,  and  see  the 
large  saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower. 
The  Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections 
of  New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  particulars 
as  to  Free  Delivery,  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application 
to  them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  AND  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane,  St.  Mary-atHill,  London,  E.G. 


GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBEE    REFUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  2.Ss. ;  truck  (loose,  about  2  tons), 

40s. ;  4-bushel  bags.  4<(.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  5s.  id.  per  sack ;  6  sacks, 

25$.  :  sacks.  \d.  each 
BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  5  sacks,  2a». ;  sacks, 

COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  9rf.  per  bushel ;  15s.  per  half 
ton ;  26s.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags,  4rf.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS.  8s.  6rf.  per  sack. 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIKOIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH,  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Write  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S..  21.  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17a,  Coal  Yard),  W.C. 

GARDEN       REQUISITES, 

of  best  t/i['ihti/.  as  supplied  to  the  lioyat  Gardens,  .yc. 
FINEST  ORCHID  PE.IT,  7s.  per  sack. 

BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT.  5s.  per  sack.  5  for  22s.  M. 
BEST  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT.  4s.  id.  per  sack,  5  for  20s. 
COARSE  SILVER  SAND,   Is.  6rf.    per  bushel;    14s.    ^ton; 
PURE  LEAF-MOULD,  4s.  per  sack.  [2os.  per  ton. 

Y'ELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM  3s.  per  sack. 
BEST  MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  4s.  per  bushel. 
KAFFIA.    LABELS.    STICKS,    BAMBOO  CANES,   VIRGrN 

CORK,  CHEMICAL  MANURES,  &c. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  6s.  per  sack. 
SPECIALITB  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  each  Sii.  per  lb.; 

28  lb.  for  18s.  Price  List  free  by  post. 

W.  HERBERT  AND  CO.,  Hop  Exchange  Warehouses,  South- 
wark  Street,Loudon,  S.E. 

Feat  for  Orchids. 

AZAIEAS,  HEATHS.  FERNS,  RHODODENDRONS,  and  other 

choice  Plants.    The  best  in  the  world. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall  Street, 
.  London.  E.C..  continue  to  receive  the  highest  of  testi- 
monials (unsolicited)  from  large  Orchid  Growers,  stating  the 
OBCHrO  PEAT  supplied  by  A.  J.  &  Co.  is  by  far  the  best  they 
have  ever  used.  Samples  can  be  seen  at  above  address,  or  for- 
warded on  application,  free  of  charge. 

A.  JOHNSON  AND  CO.  have  NO  Authorised  Agents  repre- 
senting their  Peat  Estates. 

ORTICULTURAL     SOILS,     MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.     Catalogue 
free  per  poat,  of  every  Horticultural  Kequisit*. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard),  Central  Office  and  Sales  Room,  75a,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.G.,  near  Mansion  Houw Station.    Dep6t:  SwanPlace, 
Old  Kent  Road,  London,  S.E. 
Telegrams— "  Floricultcrb,  London."    Established  1854, 


September  24,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


361 


COCOA-NUT    FIBRE,  newly-made.  —  Great 
reduction.    In  bags— 20,   Hs. ;  40.  25s..  baga  inclniied. 
Trnck-load  of  two  tons.  20s.    All  free  on  to  rail. 

J.   STEVENS  AXD  CO.,  Greyhound  Yard,    and  15.3,   High 
Street,  Battersea.  S.W. 

GARDENERS,  &o.,  REQUIRING  PE.A.T, 
SAND.  LOAM.  POTTING  COMPOST.  GARDEN 
NETTING.  RAFFIA,  MATS.  &c..  in  large  or  small  quantities, 
will  save  25  per  cent,  bv  sending  for  our  List  of  Prices,  post- 
free.  BRINKWOETH  AXti  SONS,  Reading. 

PEAT  and  SAND.— Light  Brown  PEAT  for 
Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s,  Gd.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beds,  at  15s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat.  6s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  M.  per 
bag.    SIL\'ER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine,  13s.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO..  Farnboro' Station.  Hants. 


WASPS ! 

Ask  your  Chcmi-l 
for  the  INSTAXT- 
-4NEOUS  DEATH 
TO  WASPS.  Si.l.l 
Wholesiile by E  IK- 
CLAY  AND  SON. 
Farringdon  Street, 
London.  E.C.  Price 
2s.  6d.  and  3s.  6^. 


rMJIEDlATELY. 


EPPS'S    SELECTED    PEAT 

Is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  for  all  kinds  of  CHOICE 
PLANTS.  FERNS,  HEATHS,  &c.  ;  and  their 

Specially  Selected  do.  for   Orchids, 

by  innumerable  unsolicitedTestimouials.  Rhododendron  PEAT. 
LEAF-MOULD.  LOAM,  SAND.  SPHAGNUM,    COCOA-NUT 
FIBRE.  CHARCOAL.  &c..  and  all  kinds  of  Garden  Requisites, 
and  NURSERY  STOCK.    For  Price  List  and  Testimonials. 
EPPS  &  CO.,    BINGWOOD,    HANTS. 

PE  A  T   —   P  E  AT   —   PEAT.    — 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester, 
Mount  Mascal  Estate,  yorth  Cray,  Kent. 

CERTAIN      DEATH 

to  JIEALY  BUG  and  otluT 
INSECTS  on  PLAXT.-^.^-r  \ 

THE    AGRI-HORTICULTURAL 
CHEMICAL  COMPANY, 
TONBUIDlii:.    KENT. 


R.    HALLIDAY    &    CO., 

HOTHOUSE  BtriLDERS  and  HOT-WATER  ENGINEERS, 

ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  WORKS,  IVIIDDLETON,  MANCHESTER. 

Vineries,  Stoves,  Greenlaouses,  Peach  Houses,  Forcing  Houses,  &c.,  coii3truete<l  on  our  improved  plan,  are  the 

perfection  of  growing  liuiisf-^,  ;iJiil  for  priictic^l  utility,  euuiiomy,  and  durability  cannot  be  equalled.    Wt;  only  do  one  class  of  work, 
and  that  the  very  best. 

Conservatories  and  Winter  Gardens  dt'-^ignpil  architecturally  correct  without  the  assistance  of  any  one  out  of  our  firm, 
from  the  smallest  to  the  largest.  Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus,  with  really  reliable  Boilers,  erected,  and  success  guaranteed 
in  all  cases.   Melon  Frames,  Sashes,  Hotbed  Boxes,  &c^  always  in  stock. 

Plans,  Estimates  and  Catalogues  free.     Customers  waited  on  in  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

Our  Maxim  i^  and  always  has  been — 

MODERATE    CHARGES.  FIRST-CLASS    WORK.  THE    BEST    MATERIALS. 

WORKS  OF  AUTHORITY  ON  BOTANY. 

SIB  JOSEPH  PAXTON'S  BOTANICAL  DICTIONARY.  Comprising  the  Names,  mstory, 
and  Culture  of  all  Plants  kno^vn  in  Britain,  together  with  a  full  Explanation  of  Technical 
Terms.     Medium  8vo,  cloth,  price  25s. 

BOTANY  FOR  BEGINNERS.  An  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  Plants.  By  Maxwell  T. 
Masters,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  late  Lecturer  on  Botany  at  St.  George's  Hospital.  "With  upwards 
of  100  Illustrations.     Price  3s.  6<f. 

LINDLEY'S  SCHOOL  BOTANY.  A  Complete  Manual  of  Rudimentary  Botany  for  Students, 
&c.     AVith  400  Illustrations     8vo,  cloth,  price  5s.  Qd. 

LINDLEY'S    ELEMENTS    OF    BOTANY.     With  Dlustrations.     8vo,  cloth,  price  9s. 

LINDLEY'S  MEDICAL  AND  CECONOMICAL  BOTANY.  With  numerous  Illustra- 
tions.    8vo,  cloth,  price  5s. 

LINDLEY'S  DESCRIPTIVE  BOTANY.  For  Self-Instruction  and  the  Use  of  Schools, 
Price  Is.,  sewed. 

London:    BRADBURY,    AGNBW,    &   CO..    Bouverie  Street,   B.C. 

New  Edition,    Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  GOnAGER'S  GALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

By  the  late  Sir  JOSEPH  PAXTOX,  M.P.     Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners  Chronicle. 

Price  3d..  Post-free  3|d. ; 
Twenty-five  Copies,  Ss;   fifty,  10s.  ;  and  one  hundred,  SOs. 

Parcels   of   not   less   than   twenty-five   delivered,   Carriage   Free,   in   London  only. 

Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.     RICHARDS,    41,    WELLINGTON     STREET,    STRAND,     LONDON,    W.C. 


GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Two  Prize  Medals.  _ 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 


PEAT. 

PEAT,  bfit  black  librous  ...  4,5.6;. 
PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid  6s.  6rf. 
LOAJI.  best  yellow  librou 


(is.  per 
I        (. 


sack  ;  5  siicka  for  22s.  W. 
5  sacks  for  'Ms. 
5  sacks  for  2bs. 


PREPARED  COMPOST,  best 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only 

PEAT  MOULD, 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  6i.  per  bush..  Us.  half  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  beat  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported  ...  M:  lb.,  i.l  lb.  18s. 
TOBACCO  PAPER  „  (Spccialite)  M.  lb.,  2*  lb.  IBs. 
MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  Milltrack ...    6s.  per  bi.shil. 


'■'FER-I 
'ooil  tor  ( 
'lowers,  r  Tir 
ice.      ...)    1/ 


In  baps. 


all  kinds  of  Plants.  Flowers,  ("Tins.  71b.  I41b.  281b.  6lilb.  1  cwt. 

Frnits.  Vegetables.  &c.     ...)    1/6    .3/-    6/-    8/-    11/-    22/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality         1/2     2/-    3/6       6-     12/- 

VIROra  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    .■?/-    6/6    10/6    17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHAKCOAL.  ditto.  2s.  6d.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubb's  special  process), 

sacks.  Is  each;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  \h  sacks.  13s.;  20  sacks.  17s.  ; 

30  sacks,  26s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.    Truck-load,  loose,  fre..  on  ■  ail, 

25s.    Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  grir'ii'uted, 

in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Cash  with  onlcr. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD,  MILWALL,  LONDON,  R 
ISHUHST   CUJIPUUND,   used  by  leading 

Gardeners  since  1859  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly,  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft  water;  4  to  16  ounces  as  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended  to 
supersede  it.    Boxes.  Is..  3s..  and  10s.  Gd. 

GISHURSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet    ground.      Boxes,    6rf.    and    Is.,   from    the   Trade. 
Wholesale    from    PRICE'S    PATENT    CANDLE    COMPANY 

(Limited).  London. 

AUTUMN     REQUIREMENTS 

FOR     THE     TRADE. 

Our  SHOW  ROOMS  are  now  fully  furnishe.l  villi  every 
novelty  in  DRIED  FLOWERS,  GRASSES,  and  GENERAL 
SUNDRIES  required  for  the  Autumn  and  Winter  Season. 

Etirhj  in'ipecimn  e^ppcialh/  f^nUrited. 

CORRY.  SOPER.  FOWLER  &  CO.,  16,  Flnsbury  St.,  E  C. 
To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

JBLACKl'.URX  AND  S(JN,S  are  offering  Arch- 
•  angel  Mats  lower  than  any  other  house  in  the  trade  :  also 
Petersburg  Mats  and  JIat  Bags.  Raffia  Fibre.  Tobacco  Paper, 
and  Shatliiig.     Prices  free.— 4  and  5,  Wormwood  Street.  E.C. 

RUSSIA  MATS  &  RAFFIA 

NEW  SEASON'S  AllCIIANGEL  IMATS. 

Taganrog,  Petersburg,  and  every  other  description 

of  Russian  Mats. 

P.AFFIA  (Fresh  Arrival). 

SPECIAL    QUOTATIOiX.S   on   APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

135.  COMMERCIAL  STREET,    LONDON,   E. 

RUSSIA      MATS. 

Importers  of  ARCHANGEL,  PETERSBURG,  ami  PACKING 
MATS.  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH.  RAFFIA.  PEAT 
LOAM.  SILVER  SAND  and  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE. 
GARDEN  TOOLS. 

SLY,  DIBBLE  &  CO.,  129,  Commercial  Street, 

Spitalfields,  London.  E 


THE   LOUGHBOROUGH   GREENHOUSE 

HOT-WATER     APPARATUS. 


S       This 


s  thes 


and 


nple- 


'heapest, 

]»owerfuI        apparatus 

tting,  no  stoke- 
hole, and  no  hot-water 
'  fitter  for  fixing.     The 
Boiler    stands    in   the 
Greenhouse,  the  front  only  being  outside. 
BO  that  the  whole  of  the  heat  from  the  Boiler 
itaelf  is  utilised.      It  burns  over  twelve 
hours  without  attention,  at  a  nominal  cost. 
Price,  as  engraving,  with  Boiler,  open  feed  syphon,  12  ft.  of 
4-inch  hot-water  pipe,  and  patent  joints,  complete,  £4  4s. 

Delivered  free  to  any  station.    Discount  for  cash. 

Cost   of    apparatus    COMPLETE  for    Greenhouses   as   below, 

delivered  free,  with  pipes  cut  and  fitted  ready  for  fixing, 


ft.       ft. 
10  ; 


I  ft.      ft. 

u    0    15  : 

5     1     0  I  20  X  10  . 


d.  I  ft.      ft. 
.5  10     8     25  X  12 


16 


Proportionate  prices  for  other  sizes.     Estimates  free. 
Illustrated  Li--t,   with  full  particulars  of    these  and    every 
description  of  Fuel,  Gas,  and  Oil  Heating  Stoves  free. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Horticultural  Builders  and  Hot- water  Engineers.' 

"^'^s^ei;!"^^"}  LONDON   BRIDGE. 


362 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Septembee  24,  1887. 


SUCCESS.— SUCCESS 

"NOTHING     SUCCEEDS     LIKE     SUCCESS," 


AND    THE    UNPRECEDENTED    SUCCESS    OF 


atent  Duplex  Uprigtit  Tubular  Boiler 


STAMPS     IT     AS     THE     BOILER     OF     THE     AGE. 


NOTE  A  FEW  OF  ITS  ADVANTAGES. 

l.— GREAT  DURABILITY— the  at'crage  durahiUhj  is  20  //ears. 
2. — Beinr/  of  CAST  IRON,   it  is  injinitely  more  etunible  than  nny 

Wroiujht-Iron  Boiler. 
5.— It  is  MORE  FOWERFUL   and   has  performed    GREATER 

ACHIEVEMENTS  than  anij  Boiler  extant. 
L—The  HOLLOW  FURNACE  BARS  last  11  //ears  longer  than 

the    ordinary   Solid   Bars,     and   ADD    TWENTY    PER 

CENT.  OF  POWER. 
5. — All  sediment  can  he  removed. 
6. — Any   ordinarii   labourer   can  periodicallij    CLEAN  OUT  THE 

BOILER,  without  displacing  the  setting. 
1.— Perfect  SAFETY  is  insured. 
8. — A  hrealidoivn  or  failure  is  almost  impossible. 

9. — In  case  of  repairs  to  ONE  SECTION  of  the  Boiler,  the  remain- 
ing portion  can  he  left  in  operation. 
10. — The  Boiler  being  in   SECTIONS  can  he  passed  through  a  door- 

waij  1  foot  G  inches  wide. 
n,—NO  NIGHT  STOKING  REQUIRED.     This,  in  addition  to 

their   RELIABILITY,      saves     the     Gardener    a     VAST 

AMOUNT  OF  TROUBLE  AND  ANXIETY. 
\2.— Weeks' s    Upright  Tubular  is   the   ONLY  BOILER  that  offers 

these  advantages,  which  cannot  fail  to  be  of  the  utmost  interest 

and  benefit  to  the  Horticultural  World. 


UPWARDS  OF  3,000  OF  WEEKS'S  UPRiCHT  TUBULAR  BOILERS  IN   OPERATION. 

A  10  years'  Conditional  Guaranteo  given  with  every  Patent  Duplex  Upright  Tubular  Boiler 

when  fixed  by  J.  Weeks  &  Co. 


PRICE   LIST   and  full  Particulars  Post-free  on  application  to 

J.  WEEKS  &  eo., 

HORTICULTURAL     ENGINEERS,     KING'S     ROAD,     CHELSEA,     S.W. 


Septesideb  24,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


363 


Early  Orders  secure  the  Best  Bulbs! 

CARTERS' 

NAMED 

HYACINTHS, 

BEDS  AND  RIBBON  BORDERS, 

THE  BEST  THAT  MONEY  VAX  BUY, 
AT  EEMARKABLY  LOW  PEICES. 

Per  :00.      Per  tloz. 


Carters' 

Bright  Crimson. 

15 

0 

2 

3 

Carters' 

Deep  Rose 

16 

0 

2 

6 

Carters' 

Light  Rose 

16 

0 

2 

6 

Carters' 

Rich  Purple 

15 

0 

2 

3 

Carters' 

Dark  Blue 

15 

0 

2 

3 

Carters' 

Light  Blue 

16 

0 

2 

6 

Carters' 

Pure  White 

34 

0 

3 

6 

Carters' 

"White-Tinted    ,  . 

21 

0 

3 

0 

Carters' 

Canary  Yellow.  . 

24 

0 

3 

6 

ALL    SKNT    CARRIAGE 

FREE. 

ILLVHTRATKO  CATALDGI-ES  PnST-FKKE 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Commands  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


Otxv^^^ofel 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  RAl L 

PRICE  CATALOGli E  POST  FRE E 

JamesQickson&Soni 


"NEWTON' NURSERlESynFCTrp 
I08EASTCATEST  JMliM 


EARLY  WHITE 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

OUR  LARGE  CONSIGNMENTS 
of  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  PAPER  WHITE  NAR- 
CISSUS, &c.,  are  to  hand  in  splendid  condition,  and 
Tve  have  much  pleasure  in  offering  fine  picked  Bulbs 

at  moderate  prices  as  below,  carnage  free  : — 

WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  tine  roots.  2s.  per 

dozen.  15s.  per  100.  l-iVs.  per  lUOO. 
WHITE   ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  ordinary  sized   roots, 

1.5.  9ff.  prr  dozen,  lli.s.  per  lUO,  llO.t.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,  Paper  White,  splendid  for  forcing,  Is.Gd. 

per  dozen,  105.  6d.  per  100,  905.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,     Paper    WMte,     new,     large     flowered, 
splendid  variety,  much  superior  to  the  old  sort,  '2s.  Qd. 
per  dozen,  15s.  per  100. 
NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,   fine  roots,   is.  Gd.   per 
dozen,  lO.'J.  6rf.  per  100.  90s.  per  1000. 
Our  beautifully    Illustrated    CATALOGUE    (64  pages 
imperial  size)  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Narcissi,  Lilies,  Fruit 
Trees,  Roses,  &c.,  is  now  ready,  and  shouhl  be  read  by  all 
intending  purchasers  before  making  their  selection. 


DANIELS     BROS., 

ROYAL    NORFOLK    SEED    ESTABLISHMENT, 

NORWICH. 


Veitch's  Bulbs 

EARLY  FORCING. 

VEITCH'S  BULBS 
POT   CULTURE. 

VEITCH'S  BULBS 
OUTDOOR  PLANTING. 

UNEQ  UA LLED  for  Q  UALITY, 

LOWEST  PRICES. 

Fur  details  see  t'atahjr]ne,furiiurdeil  gratis  and 
post-free  on  ajiplication. 


JAMES  VEITCH&  SONS, 

ROYAL  EXOTIC  NURSERY,  CHELSEA, 

LONDON,  S.W. 


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THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 
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(^wxkxiM  ^\\xmt\t 


SATURDAY,   SEPTEMBER  J4,   1887. 


SWISS    NOTES. 

I  HAVE  the  great  advantage  of  an  acquaint- 
ance with  51.  Correvon,  of  Geneva,  and  a 
few  weeks  since  we  were  out  on  the  mountains 
together.  Anyone  who  loves  alpine  plants  should 
pay  a  visit  to  the  Jardin  d'Acclimafation  at 
Geneva,  and  if  he  can  go  upon  an  exploring 
expedition  with  its  Director  as  well,  it  will  be 
so  much  better  for  him.  The  main  principle 
on  which  M.  Correvon  acts  is  to  grow  every- 
thing from  seed ;  this  not  only  saves  the  moun- 
tains from  ravages  (and  even  the  Alps  can 
be  denuded  of  their  treasures  by  the  countless 
number  of  tourists  who  are  always  ransanlc- 
ing  them),  but  the  seedlings  give  a  far 
better  chance  of  success  than  any  older 
plants  ever  alTord.  It  seems  as  though  these 
latter  were  ever  thinking  about  the  great 
deterioration  in  their  circumstances  which  has 
occurred ;  whereas  the  others,  having  never  known 
anything  better  Ijy  experience  than  some  lowland 
lot,  take  to  it  more  easily.  It  needs,  however,  the 
strength  of  a  mountaineer  and  the  eye  of  a  botanist 
to  get  hold  of  some  of  these  seeds,  and  this  happened 
to  be  just  the  very  time  of  the  year  when  they 
must  be  gathered  in.  So  Correvon  set  out  for  a 
couple  of  days'  journey  into  the  mountains,  and  I 
went  with  him  as  far  as  I  could  go.  "\\'e  made  for 
Mauvoisin,  and  from  thence  had  a  climb  of  some 
three  or  four  hours.  The  path  leads  through  some 
very  wild  scenery  to  the  bridge  of  Mauvoisin, 
which  spans  the  river  Drance  at  a  depth  of  about 
100  feet  below.  It  intersects  the  bed  of  a  former 
lake,  and  after  crossing  some  moraines  and  the 
flat  lower  end  of  the  Glacier  du  Mont  Durand, 
reaches  the  Alp  Grande  Chermontane,  grandly 
situated  at  the  foot  of  the  vast  Glacier  d'Otemma. 
At  this  spot  my  friend  very  much  wished  to 
ascend  Mont  Avril,  or,  at  all  events,  to  try  con- 
clusions with  the  pass  over  the  Col.  He  left  me 
accordingly  in  a  very  paradise  of  flowers  at  a 
comparatively  low  elevation,  and  I  soon  lost 
sight  of  him  and  of  the  guide  as  they  were 
hidden  behind  the  rocks.  I  should  think  that 
the  parts   about  Mau-ioisin    and  Chermontanf 


364 


THE     GJRDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[Seftembeb  24,  1887. 


must  rank  amongst  the  very  best  places  in  Swit- 
zerland for  alpine  flowers,  and  at  present  they 
are  very  little  known,  and  are  therefore  left  to 
themselves. 

£>r.  Christ  gives  the  mark  of  honour  to  the 
whole  region  in  his  book,  and  if  Zermatt  and 
Airolo,  and  some  few  other  spots,  be  excepted,  it 
would  be  dillicult  to  find  any  better  locality. 
AVhere  I  was,  and  where  I  spent  five  hours 
.".waiting  M.  Correvon's  return,  in  company  with 
marmots,  and  once  or  twice  an  apparition  of  a 
gli  rious  eagle  over  my  head,  I  trod  upon  things 
which  I  should  esteem  to  be  of  priceless  value  else- 
where. Anemone  vernalis  grew  thickly  under  my 
feet,  Anemone  baldensis  was  also  at  home  in  the 
place ;  Azalea  procumbens  carpeted  the  ground, 
Gentians  of  different  sorts  were  countless  on  every 
side,  Silene  acaulis  must  have  been  very  pretty  in 
early  summer.  Primula  viscosa  was  no  rarity  at  all, 
Androsace  obtusifolia  fell  into  my  hands,  and  I 
cannot  now  remember  the  names  of  many  others 
— some  common,  like  Dryas  octopetala  and  Sol- 
danellas,  and  others  uncommon,  or,  at  all  events, 
new  to  me — on  which  I  feasted  my  eyes  that  day. 
It  should  be  said,  of  course,  that  the  glory  of 
these  alpine  plants  was  in  most  cases  over ;  but  it 
was  something  to  see  them  all  growing  happily 
about  the  rooks,  or  in  the  open  below  them. 

The  best,  however,  of  all  my  acquisitions  were  to 
come  to  me  with  the  return  of  M.  Correvon  from  the 
heights.  He  had  come  across  the  creme  de  la  crcme 
of  all  things  in  the  way  of  alpine  flowers — Eritrichium 
nanum  alone  being  excepted,  which  he  did  not  happen 
on  that  occasion  to  meet  with.  His  eyes  had  been 
gladdened  with  long  stretches  of  Androsace  glacialis, 
which  must  have  been  beautiful  in  the  extreme. 
Gentiana  bavarica  was  to  be  found  in  some  spots  in 
abundance;  G.  br.achyphylla  (I  think  it  was)  was 
also  discovered  by  him  ;  Saxifraga  diapensoides  was 
captured;  Ranunculus  glacialis  (which  seems  to  be 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  ol  alpine  flowers)  was  very 
abundant ;  and  he  brought  down  many  others  as  well, 
besides  being  rewarded  for  his  pains  with  a  wliole 
harvest  of  seeds  of  many  different  species. 

SuSice  it  to  say,  we  got  back  to  the  little  mountain 
in  I  in  the  evening,  after  a  very  long  and  good  day. 
But  it  puzzles  me  beyond  measure  to  think  how  any 
high-growing  alpines  can  ever  put  up  with  our 
English  surroundings  at  all.  Judging  only  from 
what  I  saw  the  other  day,  and  from  what  we  all 
know  regarding  them,  I  sliould  have  said  that  it  would 
be  about  as  wise  to  try  and  acclimatise  humming- 
birds in  our  gardens  as  to  try  to  get  some  of  these — 
the  loveliest  of  all  Flora's  children — to  submit  to  our 
care.  Do  they  spend  their  brief  summer  bathed  in 
continual  sunshine  ?  Then  in  England,  save  perliaps 
in  one  remarkable  year  out  of  forty,  they  may  only 
s?e  the  sun  in  an  uncertain  and  intermittent  way. 
Is  it  essential  to  their  wellbeing  that  a  perpetual 
supply  of  moisture  be  kept  up  for  them  even  while 
they  are  in  the  sun,  while  the  failure  of  it  for  a  single 
day  is  said  to  bring  death  ?  Then  with  us  they  are 
obliged  to  depend  on  a  commonplace  watering-pot, 
and  mishaps  occur  with  it.  Do  their  roots  run  back 
for  a  long  way  between  the  stones,  so  that  there  is  no 
proportion  at  all  between  the  little  tiny  thing  which 
appears  aboveground  and  the  lengthened  feeders 
beneath  it?  Then  with  us  many  of  these  alpine  plants 
are  nearly  shorn  of  tlieir  roots  altogether,  and  such 
a  thing  as  Eritrichium  nanum  has,  I  expect,  never 
once  appeared  in  England  witli  the  full  extent  of  its 
vigour.  Finally,  do  they  remain  quite  quiet  and  in 
darkness  during  long  winter  months,  elaborating  their 
tissues  for  tlie  ensuing  year  ?  Then  witli  us  they  have 
continual  ups  and  downs — summer  appears  in  winter 
and  winter  appears  in  summer  without  any  regulation 
at  all. 

But  happily  it  is  certain  that  alpine  plants,  or  at 
any  rate  some  of  them,  have  a  wonderful  facility  for 
accommodating  themselves  to  altered  conditions.  I  do 
not  tiiink  we  shall  ever  manage  them  by  a  servile 
attempt  to  provide  them  with  the  like  of  their  own 


natural  homes.  It  is  utterly  beyond  our  power  to 
succeed  in  that  way.  and  only  constant  experiment 
and  noticing  what  they  like  best  in  our  hands  can 
give  us  a  chance.  I  speak  of  the  more  difficult 
things — for  there  ai"e  many  that  are  not  exacting 
at  all. 

As  to  chemical  requirements  they  seem  to  me  to 
be  perfectly  inscrutable,  and  many  of  the  rules  that 
are  sometimes  laid  down  can  be  defied  with  impunity. 
I  notice  that  Dr.  Clirist,  in  p.  .310  of  his  most  in- 
teresting and  instructive  book,  guards  us  against  the 
idea  that  fixed  lines  can  be  always  positively  marked 
out.  That  is  just  what  I  have  thought  for  a  very 
long  time.  The  aversions  of  some  of  tiiese  alpine 
plants  seem,  however,  to  be  more  distinct  than  their 
loves,  e.g.,  Androsace  carnea  really  does  hate  lime, 
and  if  the  attempt  be  made  to  grow  it  on  such  soil  it 
will  perish  ;  while  Anemone  sulphurea,  which  ought, 
according  to  theory,  to  have  calcareous  soil,  m.ay  be 
made  to  grow  anywliere.  H.  EwhanJc. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


ODONTOGLOSSUM  HARRYANUM,  lichb.f. 

Mr.  F.  Sander  sends  me  a  grand  branched  inflor- 
escence coming  from  Mr.  R.  H.  Measures,  The 
Woodlands,  Streatham.  It  is  one  of  Sauderian  im- 
portation, and  is  said  by  Mr.  Sander  to  be  "  the  finest 
we  have  seen." 

Tlie  flowers  of  the  primary  rachis  are  just  as 
large  as  those  represented  in  the  Gardeiicrs'  Chronic/e, 
last  August  6,  f.  41,  where  the  perspective  hinders  a 
little  the  judgment  on  the  dimensions. 

I  have  then  side  by  side  with  my  original  sketch, 
prepared  September  10,  at  Kew,  and  the  single 
llower  I  obtained  from  the  Royal  Exotic  Nursery. 
The  anterior  part  of  the  lip  of  Mr.  R.  H.  Measures' 
plant  is  yellow,  while  it  was  white  in  the  type,  and  it 
is  called  white  in  the  noteof  August  Gin  our  columns, 
p.  16S.  The  ujiper  part  is  deeper  blackish-purple, 
at  the  spot  where  there  was  more  mauve  in  the  type. 
This  would  be  C.  xanthoglossum. 

The  ground  colour  of  the  sepals  and  petals  is  by  far 
darker,  and  there  are  far  morehieroglyphical  yellow- 
ish bars  on  them  while  the  dark  fields  are  shining 
on  the  lemon  colour  outside  in  a  most  delicate 
manner.  There  is  a  very  curious  contrast  of  mag- 
nitude between  the  grand  flowers  of  the  main  rachis 
and  those  of  the  lateral  rachis,  these  latter  being 
scarcely  half  as  large  as  the  others,  and  yet  superior 
to  that  typical  flower  at  hand.  An  almost  blackish 
flower  was  given  me  lately  by  Mr.  F.  Sander,  sent  by 
Mr.  A.  Wilson,  Sheffield,  ff.  G.  Hvhb.f, 

Odontoglgssum  Schr(eder:akum,  n.  sp.^ 
This  is  an  unusually  stately  plant.  It  stands 
between  two  well  and  widely  distinct  species,  Odon- 
toglossum  Karwinski,  Rchb.  f.,  and  O  Ijeve,  Lindl. 
The  growth  may  be  that  one  of  those  species.  The 
first  inflorescence  had  only  three  flowers,  but  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that,  after  further  establishment,  it 
will  produce  larger  spikes — perhaps  even  become 
panicled — in  the  way  of  Odontoglossum  Karwinski. 
The  flower  at  hand  matches  the  best  Odontoglossum 
Karwinski  flowers.  The  sepals  are  strongly  keeled 
outside.  Both  petals  and  sepals  are  of  the  most 
shining  and  pure  cinnamon  with  some  yellowish- 
white  markings  and  transverse  bars  and  tips. 
The  lip  with  its  high  convex  autebasilar  part 
is  white  at  the  base,  and  at  the  interior  part  it  is 
white  too.  The  mid  part  is  of  the  purest  purple, 
which  looks  quite  admirable  The  column  is  novel 
by  its  very  developed  tabula  infrastigmatica, 
yellow  in  front,  bidentate  under  the  fovea.  Limbs 
of  fovea  and  very  narrow  wings  purple.  The  plant 
flowered  under  Mr.  Ballantyne's  excellent  manage- 

*  Odontoglossum  Schraderianum,  n.  s.p— AOlne  Odontoglosso 
Karwinski,  Rchb.  f,  Lubello  a  basi  humerato  paulond  median 
constricto,  subito  cordato  reniformi  dilatato  ante  basin  forni- 
cato,  carina  mediana  alta,  carinis  lateralibug  utrinque  ternis ; 
columucfi  auriculig  angustissimia  ;  foveam  cingentibua,  tabula 
tiifra-stigmatica  valde  porrecta,  apice  bidentata.  /£.  G. 
Rchb./, 


ment  at  The  Dell,  in  the  collection  of  Baron  von 
Schroder,  whose  name  it  so  justly  bears.  It  is  an  in- 
troduction of  Mr.  F.  Sander,  and  made  just  its  debut 
at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society.  //.  G.  Echb.f. 

HuEitNiA  ASPERA  (iV.  E.  Browii),  n.  sp. 

This  is  a  distinct  and  rather  odd  looking  species, 
the  habit  and  appearance  of  the  stems  recalling  to 
mind  those  of  Echidnopsis  cereiformis.  It  was  sent 
to  Kew  in  1886  by  Sir  John  Kirk,  and  probably  is 
a  native  of  the  region  of  Zanzibar. 

The  succulent  stems  are  procumbent  and  ascend- 
ing, elongated,  growing  to  a  length  of  6  to  9  inches, 
and  ^  inch  thick,  quite  glabrous,  very  obtusely  five 
to  six  angled,  with  small,  rigid,  tooth-like,  horizontal 
rudimentary  leaves.  Cymes  sessile  near  the  base  of 
the  young  shoots,  three  to  five  (or  perhaps  more) 
flowered.  Bracts  subulate.  Pedicels  \  —  -^  inch 
long,  glabrous,  dull  purple.  Calyx  segments  very 
spreading,  ^  inch  long,  lanceolate  -  acuminate, 
glabrous,  dull  purple.  Corolla  campanulate,  about 
^  inch  long  and  |  —  1  inch  in  diameter ;  lobes 
deltoid-acuminate,  with  five  small  alternating  points 
in  the  angles  between  them,  as  in  all  other 
members  of  the  genus ;  outside  dull  purple,  rough 
with  numerous  papillie ;  inside  uniform  blackish- 
purple,  densely  covered  with  pointed  papilliE.  Outer 
corona  of  five  short,  broad,  slightly  emarginate,  sub- 
truncate  lobes,  of  an  intense  blackish-crimson  colour. 
Inner  corona  of  five  lanceolate-subulate  yellowish 
lobes,  scarcely  longer  than  the  anthers,  and  not  pro- 
duced into  subulate  points. 

No  other  species  yet  described  can  possibly  be 
confused  with  this,  the  elongating  procumbent  stems 
and  concolorous  flowers,  rough  inside  and  out  from 
being  covered  with  papilltc,  at  once  distinguish  it. 
N.  E.  Broivn. 


AILANTUS    GLANDULOSA. 

So  many  inquiries  have  reached  us  this  autumn  as 
to  the  name  of  this  noble  tree,  that  it  is  evident  that, 
common  as  it  is,  it  is  not  so  well  known  as  it  ought 
to  be.  One  reason  why  this  year  we  have  received  an 
unusual  number  of  enquiries  concerning  it  lies  in 
the  circumstance  that  in  many  instances  it  has  been 
covered  with  its  singular  purplish-brown  seed-vessels, 
which  have  given  it  a  most  attractive  appearance 
(see  fig.  76).  As  the  male  flowers  are  but  rarely 
produced,  the  seed-vessels  contain  no  ripe  seed.  This 
general  absence  of  male  flowers  our  American 
cousins  tell  us  is  an  advantage,  for  one  drawback  to 
this  tree  is  said  to  be  the  offensive  perfume  of  the 
male  flowers.  As  a  town  tree  it  has  few  rivals  ;  it 
grows  freely,  looks  nobly,  gives  full  shade,  and 
although  the  young  shoots  are  spring-tender,  that 
fact  only  serves  to  keep  the  tree  within  bounds 
without  the  use  of  the  pruning-knife.  It  suckers 
freely,  but  we  have  never  known  this  an  objection  in 
streets  where  the  pavement  or  the  wheel  traffic  pre- 
vent obtrusive  suckers  from  making  their  appearance. 

Another  peculiarity  of  this  tree  consists  in  the 
long  time  it  will  retain  its  vitality.  We  have  had  a 
striking  evidence  of  this  in  our  own  experience.  A 
tree  of  this  species,  growing  too  rapidly  and  be- 
coming too  large  for  the  limited  space  in  which  it 
was  growing,  was  cut  down,  the  stump  being  left  in 
the  ground  below  the  surface.  Several  years  elapsed 
during  which  nothing  was  seen  of  the  tree, 
although,  from  the  situation  and  the  daily  traffic 
it  must  have  been  visible  had  it  sent  up  shoots 
from  the  old  and  now  buried  stump.  But  after 
several  years— ten  at  least,  perhaps  fifteen — suckers 
were  observed  coming  up  in  a  gravel  path  adjacent, 
and  which,  being  traced,  were  found  to  issue  from 
the  old  stump.  The  suckers  were  removed,  and  the 
next  year  erect  shoots  were  sent  up  from  the  stock. 
So  much  for  its  vitality.  Another  point  of  interest 
is  that  it  will  sometimes  send  up  a  flowering  shoot 
from  the  suckers,  as  happened  at  Oxford  many  years 
since.  On  this  sucker  not  only  flowers,  but  leaves 
of  the  simple  type  were  produced,  giving  colour  to 
the  notion  that  plants  with  compound  foliage  origin- 
ated from  those  with   simple  leaves.    The  peculiar 


Septembek  24,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHBONICLE. 


365 


twist  in  the  seed-vessel,  recalling  that  in  tlie  blades 
of  a  screw  propeller,  is  doubtless  connected  with  the 
dispersion  of  tlie  seed.  The  tree  is  a  native  of  North- 
ern China,  where  it  is  stated  it  is  called  the  Tree  of 
Heaven.  It  is  nearly  allied  to  the  Rhus  genus 
(Sumac),  but  its  foliage  does  not  turn  of  so  ricli  a 
colour  in  autumn.  Of  its  use  as  a  timber  tree  we 
can  say  nothing,  but  we  can  hardly  say  too  mucli 
for  it  as  an  ornamental  tree,  and  as  one  that  bears 
the  smoke  of  towns  as  well  as  the  Plane  itself. 


WI  S  LE  y. 

The  experimental  g.Trden  at  Wislev,which  is  situated 
about  five  miles  from  ^yeybridge,  has  been  recently 
noticed  in  your  columns,  but  so  varied  are  its  con- 
tents that  repeated  notices  are  never  superfluous. 
The  garden  itself  is  a  masterpiece  of  variety,  repre- 
senting almost  every  conceivable  aspect.  In  some 
parts  there  is  a  black  peaty  soil,  rich  in  vegetable 
matter,   and  eminentlv  suited   for   herbaceous  and 


borders,  and,  as  Addison  has  said,  "  it  runs  into  the 
beautiful  wildness  of  Nature  without  affecting  the 
nicer  elegancies  of  Art.'"  Mr.  Wilson  has  had  the 
good  taste  to  leave  the  surroundings  much  as  he 
found  them  at  starting,  and  in  our  opinion  this  is 
just  wherein  the  cliarm  lies,  assisting  Nature 
by  the  addition  of  rare  and  beautiful  plants 
from  other  countries.  Every  point  of  vantage  is 
taken  np,  and  so  far  every  plant  appears  in  its  riglit 
place;  a  small  piece  of  rockwork  jutting  out  natur- 
ally from  the  hillside  here,  a  sharp  slope  or  a  mound 
there,  while  in  the  valley  there  is  ample  room  for  the 
damper  or  marsh-loving  plants.  As  Mr.  Wilson  says 
wlien  explaining  the  details  of  his  plan,  "  I  am  only 
building  the  house  yet :  wlien  that  is  done,  I  will 
begin  to  furnish  it.  We  hardly  know  what  inter- 
pretation to  put  on  the  latter  sentence,  as  the  collec- 
tion of  alpines.  Ferns,  and  flowering  shrubs  is  already 
a  very  rich  one. 

Lilies,  of  course,  are  eveiywhere  to  be  seen,  the 
auratums    being    particularly  healthy  and   strong, 


headway.  The  beds  are  used  exclusively  for  raising 
seeds  tliat  ripen  in  the  garden,  each  variety  being 
separated  by  stones  the  size  of  an  egg  placed  across 
the  bed,  and  these  also  ensure  safety  from  wash  after 
heavy  rains,  &c.  Without  the  slightest  covering  and 
very  little  attention  seedlings  of  all  kinds  were 
coming  up  by  the  thousand — Gentians,  Primulas, 
Aquilegias,  Delphiniums,  alpine  Anemones,  Dianthus, 
and  many  rarer  plants.  The  precaution  is  taken  to 
sow  these  seeds  as  soon  as  they  are  gathered,  and 
it  is  surprising  to  see  the  results  that  can  be  obtained 
without  the  aid  of  glass  at  all.  The  hedges,  which 
afford  a  means  of  sliolter  as  well  as  tlieir  usefulness 
in  dividing  the  ground,  are  very  novel  indeed.  The 
groundwork  consists  of  hurdles,  and  among  whicli 
is  plaited  a  good  thickness  of  dried  Gorse. 
Clematis,  Koses,  &c.,  ai"e  liberally  planted,  and  these 
are  destined  eventually  to  clotlie  and  make  beautiful 
the  less  attractive  covering.  A  very  pretty  hedge  was 
formed  of  the  double  ])ink  Bramble,  with  Clematis 
campaniflora     twining    in    the    wildest    profusion 


ivr^)    \ 


Fig.    7G. — AILASTCS   GLASDtJLOSA  :    LOFTY    DECIDrOUS   TREE;    FOI.UGE   AND    SEED-VESSEL   MUCH   HEDUCED.       (SEE    P.    364.) 


alpine  plants,  there  is  also  ample  accommodation  for 
both  water  and  marsh  loving  plants.  Shade  and  sun- 
shine, shelter  natural  and  artificial,  and  exposure  for 
those  subjects  that  require  it,  render  the  Wisley 
garden  one  of  great  importance  as  an  experimental 
ground,  and  the  results  will  be  noted  by  cultivators 
with  interest  as  the  whole  plan  gradually  developes 
itself.  Here,  in  the  midst  of  a  wild  of  heath  and  wood- 
land, are  some  of  the  very  rarest  of  our  alpine  gems. 
Many  considered  difficult  to  grow,  or  even  establish,  are 
here  healthy  and  luxuriant,  calling  forth  the  envy  of 
those  wlio  have  failed,  and  raising  a  hope  that  In- 
imitating  the  conditions  found  successful  here.  &c.. 
others  may  also  be  able  to  show  them  at  tlieir 
best.  Omphalodes  Lucilire  we  may  mention  here  as  a 
notable  instance  of  this.  It  was  planted  three  years 
ago  on  a  stony  bed  with  full  exposure  to  the  sun. 
and  it  is  now  so  thoroughly  established  that  the  bed 
is  strewn  with  seedlings  2  or  3  feet  from  the 
parent  plant,  and  quite  as  vigorous,  with  leaves  as 
glaucous  as  could  be  found  in  its  native  home.  To 
the  artistic  mind,  however,  the  great  point  about  the 
Wisley  garden  is  its  naturalness  ;  nowhere  is  the  eye 
oppressed  with  straight  lines  and  faultlessly  trim 


notwithstanding  the  severe  drought  of  the  past 
summer,  and  the  fact  of  their  never  having  been 
watered  throughout  tiie  season.  Those  on  the  slope 
fully  exposed  are  not  so  robust  as  those  with  the 
kindly  shelter  of  the  wood,  but  in  both  places  they 
are  flowering  well,  many'of  the  smaller  bulbs  flower- 
ing with  stems  not  more  tlian  a  foot  high.  L.  Hum- 
boldtii,  canadense,  10  feet  high,  and  many  others  are 
grown  in  quantity  in  the  open  spaces  of  the  wood, 
and  the  rare  L.  polyphyllum  thoroughly  established 
on  a  mound  close  by  surrounded  by  Camellias  of  all 
kinds,  and  many  of  the  very  choicest  of  our  Hima- 
layan Rhododendrons  with  which  an  experiment  is 
being  carried  out  of  gi-eat  interest  to  cultivators. 
A  house  has  been  devoted  to  their  culture  in 
pots,  and  these  are  grown  against  those  in  the  air, 
the  annual  results  being  recorded  in  a  book  kept 
for  the  purpose.  Experiments  with  many  other 
plants  are  being  carried  on  in  the  same  way,  notably 
Cistnses  and  New  Zealand  Veronicas,  &c.  Tlie  seed 
beds  are  a  great  source  of  interest  here  on  tlie  slopes ; 
they  are  formed  of  narrow  strips,  sheltered  on  all 
sides  by  fences  of  dried  Gorse,  and  over  which 
Clematis,  Koses,  and  other    climbers  are  making 


through  it.  Near  to  this,  and  under  the  shelter  of 
the  wood,  the  liardy  Ferns  are  pictures  of  health 
and  vigour — a  couple  of  yards  of  the  Parsley  Fern 
( AUosorus  crispus),  tliick  with  spore  fronds ;  a 
fine  piece  of  the  Hypolepis  millefolium,  and 
many  others,  both  British  and  North  American. 
Meconopsis  nepalensis  has  its  home  here,  and  will 
soon  be  a  beautiful  troublesome  weed.  Gentiana 
septemfida  grows  vigorously,  many  were  in  full  flower 
in  the  seed  beds,  as  well  as  G.  acaulis — a  clump  of 
this,  a  yard  wide,  was  so  full  of  flower  as  to  hide  the 
leaves,  growing  and  seeding  all  over  the  hard  gravel 
path.  The  ponds  are  very  attractive  with  Water 
Lilies,  Aponogeton  distachyon,  the  finer  Rushes, 
Villarsia  nymphajoides,  taking  up  about  half  of  the 
largest  one,  and  covering  it  with  its  pretty  fringed 
yellow  flowers.  Around  the  margins  Droseras,  Pin- 
guiculas,  Sarracenias,  Dionita  JIuscipula.  and  other 
attractive  plants  close  to  the  water ;  while  in  the  back- 
ground, and  well  np  the  slopes,  the  numerous  varie- 
ties of  Iris  Kiempferi  were  in  fine  condition.  Against 
these,  growing  in  the  damp,  some  were  tried  in  a 
perfectly  dry  spot,  but  in  tlie  sliade ;  and  although  not 
80  vigorous,  the  flowers  were  equally  large,  and  as 


3G6 


THE     GA  nDENEB  S'     CHl?  ONI  CL  E. 


[Septejiber  24,  1887. 


brilliantly  coloured.  Mention  must  not  be  omitted 
of  Epigjea  repens,  which  grows  here  in  the  wood 
amongst  the  lanky  grass  quite  at  home — so  much, 
indeed,  was  it  covered  with  other  vegetation  that  we 
were  some  time  in  finding  it,  but  on  clearing  away 
the  grass,  &c.,  the  healthy  green  leaves  and  robust 
growth  told  a  talc  of  their  own.  Ferns  and  Prim- 
roses of  the  dcnticulivta  section  thrive  beneath  the 
shelter  of  a  hedge,  on  the  slope  of  a  bank  bounding 
a  ditch,  where  they  seem  to  get  all  they  want — 
shelter,  sufficiency  of  light,  and  moisture. 

To  notice  everything  as  it/Teserves  would  be  quite 
impracticable  here  ;  suffice  it  to  say  that  a  visit  to 
Wislpy  buoys  one  up  with  the  assurance  that  there  is 
a  great  future  for  hardy  plants,  if  cultivators  can  only 
be  induced  to  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  the  pioneer  at 
Wislev.  D. 


KEW  NOTES. 


TflR5iivALi.\  Ei.EOANs,  Hort.  {—  Polvscias  panicu- 
lata,  Baker).  —  Although  the  plant  known  in 
gardens  under  tlie  former  name  has  been  with 
us  over  ten  years  it  has  not  yet  flowered.  It 
has  no  more  to  do  with  the  genus  Terminalia 
th.in  with  a  Cabbage,  true  Terminalias  being 
members  of  the  Combretum  family,  whilst  this 
spurious  one  is  related  to  the  Ivies  and  Aralias.  In 
the  hope  of  finding  the  true  name  of  this  plant  I 
searched  through  the  Araliads  in  the  Kew  Herbarium, 
and  found  a  specimen  of  Pol3'scias  paniculata  which 
fitted  it  in  every  detail  of  leaf  character.  No  doubt 
some  of  our  Mauritian  friends  will  be  able  to  verify 
or  correct  me  if  I  am  wrong  in  referring  T.  elegaiis 
to  this  Polvscias,  which  is  a  native  of  Mauritius, 
and  is  thus  described  by  Baker  in  the  Flora  of  Mau- 
ritius and  the  Scijchellcs : — P.  paniculata,  an  erect 
glabrous  shrub  with  stout  terete  branches ;  leaves 
pinnate,  leaflets  usually  seven,  terminal  leaflet  7 — 9 
inches  long,  others  short-stalked,  oblong,  obtuse, 
shining,  subcoriaceous,  deltoid  or  rather  rouuded  at 
the  base,  4 — 6  inches  long.  Making  allowances  for 
the  differences  between  dried  leaves  and  fresh  ones, 
this  description  fits  the  Terminalia  elegans  very 
well. 


r>o 


SIJtPLIClFOLIA. 


This  delicate  species  is  now  grow'ing  well  in  one 
of  the  private  greenhouses  at  Kew.  It  is  jilanted  in 
a  raised  border  where  Cape  bulbs  are  cultivated,  and 
so  far  the  conditions  have  agreed  with  it,  for  it  has 
made  excellent  growth.  Two  ]dants,  raised  from 
seeds  collected  by  Aitchison  in  Afghanistan,  were 
placed  in  this  border  in  spring,  one  in  peat,  the  other 
in  rich  loam  The  latter  has  done  well,  but  that  in 
peat — the  soil  recommended  for  this  species — has 
made  very  weak  growth,  and  is  a  failure.   W. 

Cali-iandra  tekgemina. 
This  is  a  handsome  stove  plant,  and  deserves  to 
be  better  known  than  it  is.  In  the  Palm-house  at 
Kew  it  is  alw.ays  attractive,  its  graceful,  pinnate, 
grey-green  foliage,  the  elegance  of  the  thin  zig-zag 
branches,  and  the  beautiful  brown  tint  of  the  young 
leaves,  being  in  themselves  good  enough  for  a  stove 
collection.  To  these  attractions,  however,  must  be 
added  the  beauty  of  the  flowers,  which  are  arranged 
in  erect  globose  heads,  and  in  which  the  conspicuous 
parts  are  the  long  filaments  of  the  stamens,  white, 
except  the  upper  part,  which  is  red.  The  Kew  plant 
is  now  bearing  a  gi'eat  number  of  these  pretty  flower- 
heads,  and  looks  very  fine.  Of  course  there  are  Cal- 
liandras,  which  in  flower-attractions  surpass  the 
above— as,  for  instance,  C.  Tweedei,  which  looked 
like  a  fire-bush  when  in  flower  at  Kew  a  few  months 
ago  ;  still  the  foliage  together  with  the  flowers  of  C. 
tergeraina  make  it  deserving  of  as  high  a  place 
among  garden  plants  as  any  in  the  genus.   W, 

IIelicteres  Isoha. 
Although  not  in  any  way  ornamental,  this  store 
«hrub  is  interesting  on  account  of  its  curious  fruits, 
which  are  composed  of  five  carpels  twisted  together 
in  a  screw-like  manner,  whence  the  name  Twisted- 
Bticlc,  or  Twisted-hoin,  by  which  the  plant  in  known 


in  Southern  India,  where  it  is  a  native.  A  specimen 
about  6  feet  high  is  now  in  flower  in  the  Palm-house 
at  Kew.  The  flowers  are  in  little  axillary  clusters, 
and  are  composed  of  five  petals  coloured  deep  red  ; 
the  calyx  is  a  green  two-lobed  tube.  The  jilant,  when 
not  in  flower,  might  easily  be  mistaken  for  a  Hibiscus. 
A  batch  of  small  plants,  raised  from  cuttings  taken 
from  the  large  specimen,  and  rooted  last  spring,  are 
also  in  flower,  and  a  few  days  ago  we  were  surprised 
to  find  on  each  branch  in  the  topmost  flowering  axil 
a  perfectly  fresh  flower  of  a  dull  grey-greeu  colour, 
which  could  only  be  accounted  for  by  attributing  it 
to  the  efiects  of  tobacco-fumigation,  the  house  where 
the  plants  stood  having  been  fumigate*!  a  day  or  so 
before  the  green  flowers  were  seen.   W. 

ArISTOI.OCHIA   TBIC.IUDATA. 

The  flowers  of  this  Aristolochia  are  as  strange 
as  those  of  any  Masdevallia,  and  it  is  altogether  a 
most  interesting  and  attractive  stove  plant.  There 
is  a  specimen  of  it  now  flowering  in  the  Victoria 
Lily-house  at  Kew.  It  is  a  branched  shrub,  3  feet 
high,  with  large  leathery  oval  leaves,  from  the  axils 
of  which  the  flowers  spring.  There  were  thirty-two 
flowers  expanded  on  Saturday  last,  as  well  as  a  great 
number  of  buds  yet  to  open.  The  flower  consists  of 
calyx  only,  with  the  usual  Dutchman's-pipe-like 
infl.ition  and  twist,  the  limb  three-lobed,  and  g.aping 
2  inches  wide,  each  lobe  lengthened  out  and  nar- 
rowed to  a  string-like  appendage  5  inches  long.  The 
colour  is  deep  chocolate,  with  a  tinge  of  purple.  By 
the  side  of  A.  elegans,  the  gem  of  the  genus,  the 
above  species  would  not  be  considered  pretty,  but  it 
is  nevertheless  an  exceptionally  strange-looking 
plant,  even  for  an  Aristolochia.  A.  hiaus,  A.  bra- 
siliensis  (ornithocephala),  A.  fimbri.ita,  A.  trilob.ata, 
and  several  others,  arc  also  in  flower  now  in  the 
houses  at  Kew.   \V, 

NVMPII.EA    KEWENSIS  X  . 

This  is  the  result  of  crossing  N.  devoniensis  with 
N.  Lotus,  and  it  is  distinct  enough  from  both  parents  to 
deserve  a  name.  The  former  has  rosy-red  flowers  with 
long  pointed  petals,  and  is  a  magnificent  Water  Lily  ; 
the  latter,  which  bore  the  seeds,  is  a  very  barge  white- 
flowered  kind  with  broad  blunt  petals.  N.  kewensis  X 
inherits  the  broad  rounded  petals  of  N.  Lotus  and  the 
brilliant  colour  of  N.  devoniensis,  whilst  in  the  size 
of  the  flowers  it  is  even  larger  than  the  latter.  It 
was  raised  at  Kew  two  years  .ago,  and  is  now  one  of 
the  most  attractive  of  the  Nymplu'cas  flowcrin"  in 
the  collection  there. 

NvJIPH.EA   TtlBEKOSA     VAE,    FLAVESCENS 

is  the  name  suggested  by  Professor  Oliver  for  the 
yellow-flowered  \yRter  Lily  recently  noted  .as  a  new 
kind  in  flower  at  Kew.  Whatever  Jlons.  Jlarliac 
claims  to  have  done  to  obtain  this  beautiful  Nvm- 
ph.Ta  it  is  cert.ain  that  so  far  as  floral  and  leaf 
characters  go  it  resembles  very  closely  the  plant 
■which  was  figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine  in  1881 
(t.  6536)  asN.  tuberosa.  The  characters  of  this  are 
shortly  as  follows  : — Rhizome  long,  stout,  succulent, 
producing  numerous  ovoid  tubers ;  leaves  as  in  N. 
alba,  sometimes  purjilish  on  the  under  side,  dark 
shining  green  above ;  flowers  4 — 6  inches  across, 
petals  in  several  series,  stamens  gradually  passing 
into  petals  ;  colour  of  petals  cre.amy-white,  of  sta- 
mens briglit  yellow.  The  new  variety  raised  by  Jlons. 
Marliac  dift'ers  from  the  above  in  having  the  leaves 
blotched  and  marbled  with  purple  underneatli  instead 
of  being  wholly  purple,  and  in  the  petals  being 
of  a  soft  canary-yellow  colour.  It  is  a  very 
beautiful  Water  Lily,  and  we  may  hojie  to  be  able  to 
grow  it  out-of-doors.  I  believe  Mr.  Robinson  has 
a  healthy  plant  of  it  growing  and  flowering  outside 
in  his  garden.  There  is  very  little  difl^erence 
between  N.  alba,  N.  odorata  and  N.  tuberosa — not 
nearly  as  much  as  between  some  of  the  numerous 
varieties  of  N.  stellata.   T. 

HirilSCDS   CISPI.AT,V\-OS. 

A  species  with  ovate-acuminate  leaves,  showing 
a  tendency  towards  trilobation.  The  calyx  is  bell- 
ehaped,  surrounded  by  an   involucre  of  numerous 


linear  bracts.  The  corolla  is  about  2|  inches  across, 
of  five  overlapping  petals,  of  a  lovely  pale  rosy-lilac 
colour.  The  stigmas  are  of  a  brown-purple  colour 
and  velvetty  texture.  This  xtry  beautiful  plant  is 
now  in  l)looni  in  the  Temperate-house  at  Kew. 

IIlDISCUS    COCCINEUS. 

A  tail  growing  species,  with  palmate,  deeply 
divided  leaves,  segments  linear  lanceolate.  The 
calyx  is  deeply  divided,  and  surrounded  by  an 
involucre  of  linear  bracts.  The  corolla  is  3—4 
inches  across,  of  five  obovate  distant  petals  of  a 
rich  crimson.  It  is  now  in  bloom  in  the  Temperate- 
house  at  Ivcw. 


Cultural  Memoranda. 


IIELIAXTIIUS  RIGIDUS. 

No  other  plant  in  this  justly  popular  genus  can 
in  our  opinion,  at  all  compare  in  elegance  of  habit 
and  beauty  of  flower  to  the  Sunflower  grown  in  most 
gardens  under  the  name  of  Harpaliura  rigidum.  It 
appears  to  be  very  variable,  and  at  present  we  possess 
no  less  than  four  distinct  varieties,  one,  and  the 
earliest  of  all  to  flower,  we  saw  lately  shown  under 
the  name  of  H.  japonicus,  a  very  misleading  name, 
as  no  Sunflower  is  known  to  come  from  either  Japan 
or  China.  As  a  variety,  however,  it  is  quite  distinct, 
and  notable  for  its  cai-Iy  flowering  habit.  The 
second  to  flower  is  much  dwarfer  than  the  above, 
with  smaller  flowers  and  shorter  broader  leaves. 
This  we  find  very  useful  for  the  rock  garden,  where, 
if  planted  in  a  good  pocket,  it  does  not  become  in  the 
least  troublesome  by  overgrowth.  They  are  easily 
increased  by  severing  the  runners  from  the  main 
clump;  these  will  be  found  to  h.ave  formed  small 
tuber-like  roots,  covered  with  fibres,  and  soon  estab- 
lish themselves  if  planted  in  good  soil.  D. 

Hl'JIEA   EtEGAKS. 

When  Well  gi'own,  the  .above  Australian  ]ilant  is  a 
subject  which  alw.ays  claims  admiration  by  virtue  of 
its  beauty  and  intrinsic  merit.  Evei'y  gardener, 
from  a  boy  upwards,  will  have  a  liking  for  it,  yet  it 
is  seldom  now  met  with  in  gardens. 

Years  .ago  I  remember  seeing  plants  in  14-inch 
pots  from  7  to  8  feet  high,  and  between  4  and  5  feet 
through  at  the  base.  A  specimen  of  this  sort  needs 
no  portraiture;  it  is  a  subject  of  beauty  and  joy 
to  look  al  ;  indeed,  it  m,ay  be  called  a  veritable 
fountain  of  flowery  sprays  ;  and  to  those  who  are 
wishful  to  preserve  .and  to  add  to  the  interest 
and  variety  of  their  garden  this  is  a  plant  which 
will  well  repay  the  little  labour  and  time  expended 
on  its  growth. 

I'or  a  circular  bed  with  a  carpeting  of  Cerastium 
tomentosum,  or  Mangles'  Pel.argonium,  the  Humea 
gives  a  most  pleasing  and  charming  effect.  It  is  also 
very  pretty  as  a  centre  for  a  circular  bed  ;  and  I  have 
seen  it  planted  in  the  turf  at  a  distance  of  5  or  6 
yards  apart,  by  the  margins  of  walks,  with  good  etlect ; 
and  as  a  pot-)ilant  for  the  terrace  or  the  conservatory 
it    has  few  if  any  rivals  for  three    months  in  the 


When  planted  in  beds  or  borders  out-of-doors  it 
must  have  rich  soil  to  grow  in,  or  the  result  will  be 
disappointing;  .and  the  plants  should  be  strong,  and 
about  3  or  4  feet  high  at  ])lanting  time,  which  must 
be  as  soon  as  all  danger  of  frost  has  passed  away — 
say  the  first  week  in  June.  Before  planting  the  plant 
should  receive  a  good  soaking  of  water,  and  immedi- 
ately it  is  planted  it  should  be  secured  to  a  strong 
stake,  and  a  small  ridge  of  soil  should  be  formed  round 
the  neck  of  the  plantthe  size  of  the  ball,  sothatwhen 
it  is  next  watered  the  water  will  penetrate  the  ball, 
instead  of  p.assing  away  by  its  side,  as  it  otherwise 
would  do,  without  benefiting  the  plant.  This  is  the 
chief  cause  of  so  many  plants  dying  away  so  mys- 
teriously immedi.ately  after  planting.  When  the 
plants  liave  rooted  into  the  border  or  bed  they  will 
not  require  so  much  water ;  although  if  growing 
vigorously  an  occatioual  ajiidication  of  weak  liquid- 


SSPTEMBEK  -24,  1887.] 


THE    GABDENEl^S'    CRRONICLE. 


^6^ 


manure  will  be  beneficial.  When  once  well  in 
flower  they  will  require  no  further  watering.  This 
refers  to  plants  in  borders. 

The  most  important  point  in  connection  with  the 
successful  growth  of  this  plant,  in  my  opinion,  is  to 
procure  good  fresh  seed.  Old  seed  is  worse  than 
useless;  it  is  so  much  time  thrown  away,  in  addition 
to  the  annoyance  of  being  disappointed,  as  they  will 
not  grow.  Tlie  best  time  to  sow  the  seed  is  the 
middle  of  May.  It  should  be  sown  on  the  surface  of 
very  fine  sandy  soil,  previously  watered  through  a 
fine  rose  pot.  After  the  seed  is  sown,  a  slight  cover- 
ing of  moss  should  be  placed  over  it,  and  a  piece  of 
glass  over  this,  and  the  pots  placed  in  a  moist  tem- 
perate atmosphere. 

The  seedlings  should  be  up  in  ten  days  or  a  fort- 
night, when  more  light  and  air  must  be  admitted, 
and  the  plants  brought  nearer  the  glass  ;  care  must, 
however,  be  exercised  not  to  expose  them  to  too 
strong  a  light  at  first.  As  soon  as  large  enough  to 
handle  they  should  be  pricked  out  into  pans  or  boxes, 
and  the  next  shift  should  be,  as  soon  as  the  plants 
are  large  enough,  into  6-inch  pots.  They  should  be 
grown  in  an  airy  house  or  pit ;  and  if  the  weather  is 
at  all  bright  they  prefer  slight  shade  to  direct  sun- 
shine. 

Presuming  the  plants  have  succeeded  well  so 
far,  they  will  be  ready  for  their  final  shift  about  the 
end  of  August ;  those  which  are  intended  for  plant- 
ing out  in  borders,  into  9  or  10-inch  pots,  and  those 
which  are  intended  to  bloom  in  pots  into  12  or 
14-iuch  pots,  according  to  the  strength  and  size  of 
the  plant.  The  pot  should  only  be  half  filled  with 
soil,  reserving  the  other  portion  of  space  for  top- 
dressing  in  spring,  when  some  of  the  bottom  leaves 
will  have  faded  away. 

If  wintered  in  a  temperature  of  45°  or  50°  they 
will  grow  slowly  most  of  the  winter,  and  when  spring 
arrives  they  sliould  be  in  excellent  condition  for 
starting  into  vigorous  growth,  which  should  be 
encouraged  by  top-dressings  at  the  roots,  a  little  at 
a  time,  as  fast  as  they  appear  on  the  surface. 

The  compost  which  suits  them  best  is  one-half 
good  turfy  loam,  one-fourth  dried  cow,  sheep,  or 
deer  manure,  and  one- fourth  peat,  a  sprinkling  of 
gritty  sand  and  charcoal  dust,  and  a  fair  amount  of 
drainage,  not  too  many  crocks.  The  plant  should 
not  be  syringed  overhead,  and  must  at  all  times 
have  careful  attention  as  to  watering.    T.  C. 


CONSTITUENTS      OF      EAIN, 
DRAINAGE,  AND  WELL  WATERS. 

{Continued  from  p.  103.) 

Drainage  "Water  from  Cropped  Land. — In  con- 
tinuation of  this  subject  Mr.  AVarington  states  that 
by  far  the  larger  portion  of  the  land  forming  drainage 
areas  is  covered  either  continuously,  or  at  certain 
seasons  of  the  year,  by  some  natural  or  artificial 
vegetation. 

Amount  of  Dhainage. 

The  first  indtience  of  vegetation  upon  drainage 
which  is  noticed  is  that  it  greatly  diminishes  the 
proportion  of  rain  percolating  through  the  soil,  by 
increasing  the  amount  of  evaporation  from  the 
surface.  Tlie  increase  in  the  amount  of  evapora- 
tion is  principally  confined  to  the  growing  period  of 
vegetation,  and  is  determined  by  the  transpiration  of 
water  through  the  plant.  The  more  vigorous  the 
growth  of  a  plant  the  larger  will  be  the  quantity  of 
water  which  it  transpires.  In  the  case  of  a  soil 
bearing  a  vigorous  crop  drainage  is  in  our  climate 
entirely  suspended  during  summer,  unless  the  rain- 
fall is  unusually  heavy  and  continuous.  In  some 
turfed  drain-gauges  of  Mr.  Greaves'  at  Lea  Bridge, 
on  an  average  of  fourteen  years,  1860 — 1873,  with  a 
rainfall  of  25"72  inches,  the  drainage  during  the 
summer  six  months  was  0'73  inch,  or  97  per  cent. ; 
and  in  the  winter  six  months,  6S5  inches,  or  9:3"3 
per  cent. 

A  further  illustration  of  the  distribution  of  the 
drainage  from  cropped  land  throughout  the  year  is 
afforded  by  the  number  of  runnings  of  the   drain- 


pipes in  an  experimental  field  at  Rothamsted,  where 
Wheat  has  been  grown  continuously  since  1843-4. 

Each  plot  is  provided  with  a  drain-pipe  2—3  feet 
below  the  surface.  The  ends  of  these  drain-pipes 
are  uncovered,  their  runnings  are  recorded,  and 
during  the  last  eight  years  the  drainage  waters  have 
been  systematically  analysed.  The  total  daily 
runnings  of  the  drain-pipes  of  two  plots  in  each 
month  during  twenty  years,  1867—86,  are  given  in 
the  following  table.  One  of  these  plots  is  perma- 
nently unmanured,  the  other  receives  a  complete 
manuring.  The  spring,  summer,  and  early  autumn 
runnings  of  the  drain-jtipes  are  fewest  on  the  plot 
which  bears  the  highest  crop,  and  therefore  evapo- 
rates the  largest  quantity  of  water. 

Average  Produce  of  Ticj  Plotx  in  the  Sothimsted  Experi- 
mental Wheat-field,  with  thr.  Total  DaiU/  Hitmiings  cf  the 
Drainpipes  of  these  Plots  ilnrinff  Twenty  Years,  lt;67 — 
1SS6  :— 


Plots  3  and  i. 
riimanureil. 

Plot  7. 
Manure.!. 

Total  protluce  perncre:  a^■cr- 
nge  of  twenty  years 

1713  lb. 

.131.5  lb. 

Runnings  of  drahi-pipes  :— 

March          

18 

It 

April 

17 

l.j 

May 

14 

11 

June 

14 

8 

July 

9 

5 

August        

6 

6 

September 

8 

5 

October       

3o 

26 

November 

59 

S3 

December 

63 

61 

January       

61 

6,; 

February     

43 

4.j 

March— September 

Sli 

61 

October— February 

257 

254 

■Whole  Year 

313 

3IS 

A  further  result  of  the  greater  evaporation  from  a 
cropped  soil  during  summer  is  that  the  winter  drain- 
age commences  at  a  later  period. 

Composition  of  the  Drainage  from  Wheat  Land. 

As  the  presence  of  vegetation  greatly  increases  the 
amount  of  evaporation  from  the  land,  it  would  deter- 
mine a  greater  degree  of  concentration  in  the 
drainage  water  if  none  of  the  constituents  dissolved 
in  the  water  were  removed  by  the  growing  vegeta- 
tion. Both  of  the  constituents,  however,  to  rt'hich 
our  attention  is  directed  by  this  report — the  chlorides 
and  the  nitrates— are  freely  taken  up  by  plants. 
The  absorption  of  the  first  is  to  some  extent  limited, 
for,  as  it  is  not  deposited  in  the  plant  tissues,  tlie 
proportion  of  chlorides  in  the  sap  soon  becomes 
greater  than  in  the  solution  surrounding  the  roots, 
and  then,  as  far  as  the  oppration  of  diffusion  is  con- 
cerned, the  tendency  will  rather  be  for  chlorides  to 
leave  the  plant  than  to  enter  it.  In  the  case  of  the 
nitrates,  however,  there  is  a  rapid  assimilation  of 
the  nitrogen  after  the  entrance  of  the  nitrates  into 
the  plant,  and  while  this  action  continues  the  ab- 
sorption of  nitrates  through  the  roots  proceeds  with- 
out check. 

Looking  first  at  the  average  composition  of  the 
drainage  water  from  the  unmanured  Wheat  land,  we 
see  that  during  eight  years  the  average  proportion  of 
chlorine  has  been  six  per  million.  Also  that  the 
chlorine  in  the  drainage  has  increased  under  the 
influence  of  a  crop,  while  the  nitrates  have  con- 
siderably diminished.  The  drainage  water  from  the 
uncropped  land  contained  an  average  of  107  per 
million  of  nitrogen  as  nitrates;  in  the  drainage 
water  from  the  unmanured  Wheat  land  the  average 
is  only  3"4  per  million.  With  average  soils,  richer  in 
nitrogen,  the  proportion  of  nitrates  in  the  drainage 
water  would  be  increased.  The  average  amount  of 
nitrates  in  the  drainage  water  should  be  less  from 
land  carrying  fodder  or  root  crops  in  the  autumn 
months  than  from  land  growing  cereals,  and  still 
less  in  the  case  of  land  carrying  permanent  pasture, 


The  Well  Waters  of  Haupenden. 

The  well-waters,  which  form  the  subject  of  this 
report,  occur  in  or  near  the  village  of  Harpenden, 
about  25  miles  from  London,  and  within  a  short 
distance  of  the  raiu  and  drain  gauges,  and  the  expe- 
rimental Wheat  field  at  Rothamsted,  the  character 
of  the  waters  from  which  have  alieady  been  con- 
sidered. The  village  occupies  a  small  valley.  The 
centre  of  the  village  is  about  344  feet  above  t!ie  level 
of  the  sea  ;  the  high  ground  on  the  west,  or  Rotham- 
sted side,  rises  to  about  430  feet,  and  that  on  the 
cast  to  415  feet.  The  soil  in  the  valley  is  more  or 
less  gravelly  ;  on  the  hills,  on  each  side,  the  surface- 
soil  is  clay  mixed  with  flints.  Below  the  surface- 
soil  comes  in  every  case  the  chalk  ;  this  is  in  some 
places  quite  near  the  surface,  and  in  other  cases  as 
much  as  25  feet  below.  All  the  wells  are  sunk  into 
the  chalk. 

The  height  of  the  water  in  the  wells  is,  of  course, 
subject  to  variation  at  different  times  of  the  year, 
but  it  may  be  generally  stated  that  in  the  centre  of 
the  village  the  water-level  is  rather  less  than  60  feet 
below  the  surface.  The  waters  of  about  thirty  wells, 
in  or  near  the  village  of  Harpenden,  have  been' 
examined,  which  has  been  continued  in  the  Rotham- 
sted laboratory  during  two  years. 

1.  Tiic  general  conclusions  are  that  the  deep  well9_ 
in  the  chalk  at  Harpenden  derive  their  main  supply 
from  an  underground  flow  of  water,  shown  by  the 
gradient  of  the  water-level  to  proceed  from  north-west 
to  south-east.  Each  well  receives  besides  a  certain 
amount  of  local  drainage. 

2.  The  proportion  of  chlorine  in  the  purest  wells. 
at  Harpenden  is  about  eleven  per  million  of  water^ 
In  such  well-waters  the  amount  of  chlorine  does  not 
sensibly  vary  throughout  the  year. 

3.  Well-waters  sufliering  little  from  sewage  con-. 
tamination  will  contain,  after  long  dry  weather,  no 
more  tlian  the  minimum  proportion  of  chlorine. 

4.  Wells  with  much  sewage  in  the  surrounding 
soil  may  show  the  commencement  of  a  rise  in 
chlorides  one  or  two  months  after  active  autumn, 
drainage  has  commenced,  and  two  months  before  the 
water-level  in  the  well  begins  to  rise.  A  large  rain- 
fall in  any  month  does  not  affect  the  chlorides  in  the 
well-waterbeforethe  following  month.  The  maximum 
of  chlorides  in  contaminated  waters  occurs  after  the 
end  of  the  drainage  season,  usually  in  March  or' 
April.  The  minimum  of  chlorides  is  usually  in  Sep- 
tember or  October,  and  is  about  4'4  parts  per 
million. 

5.  The  proportion  of  nitrates  to  chlorides  in  dif- 
ferent well-waters  varies  considerably.  The  sewage 
of  a  poorly-fed  population  yields  a  high  proportion 
of  chlorides  to  nitrates.  Stable  sewage  furnishes 
apparently  a  high  proportion  of  nitrates  to  chlorides. 
The  old  sewage  contamination  of  deep  wells  is 
generally  more  or  less  chlorinous,  chlorides  being 
more  permanent  than  nitrates. 

6.  The  well-waters  of  Harpenden  contain  the 
nitrifying  organism  in  small  proportion  ;  it  is  prob- 
ably derived  from  surface-soil  which  has  fallen  in. 

7.  In  the  pure  well-water  the  sulphuric  acid  ia 
scarcely  in  larger  proportion  than  in  the  rain  ;  a 
considerable  part  of  the  sulphuric  acid  in  the  rain 
has  thus  been  retained  by  soil  or  plant. 

8.  In  the  contaminated  waters  the  quantity  of 
silica  is  not  increased,  and  the  quantity  of  carbonates 
but  little  increased.  Lime  is  considerably  increased, 
and  magnesia  still  more.  Sulphates  are  very  largely 
increased. 

9.  On  comparing  the  low  proportion  of  chlorine 
found  in  the  pure  chalk  waters  of  Harpenden,  near 
the  edge  of  the  London  basin,  with  the  amount  found 
in  other  chalk  waters — and  especially  with  the  chalk 
waters  beneath  the  London  clay — and  considering 
further  the  proportion  of  chlorides  which  can  possibly 
be  contributed  by  rain,  it  appears  highly  probable 
that  a  portion  of  the  chlorides  in  chalk-water,  and 
probably  in  the  water  of  other  strata,  is  derived  from 
a  residue  of  sea  salt  remaining  in  the  rock. 

10.  Numerous  analyses  made  by  Professor  Frank- 
land  of  nncontaminated  spring  and  deep  well  waters 
from  various  permeable  formations  in  England,  con- 


368 


THE    GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[SEPTEStBEH   H,   1887. 


firm  the  general  idea  obtained  from  the  analysis  of 
the  Eothamsted  drainage-waters  as  to  the  average 
proportion  of  nitrates  present  in  the  drainage  from 
cultivated  land.  The  results  of  these  analyses  point 
to  3'8  per  million  as  a  probable  average  proportion  of 
nitrogen  as  nitrates  in  drainage-waters,  and  10'5  of 
chlorine  per  million. 

The  average  loss  of  nitrogen  to  the  soil  by  drain- 
age is  thus  about  086  lb.  per  inch  of  drainage,  or 
probably  7  lb.  per  acre  per  annum.  John  J.  Willis, 
Harpruilrn. 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 


CALAXTHE  NATALEX8I8. 
A  VEnv  handsome  Calanthe,  and  one  which  pos- 
sesses the  merit  of  flowering  at  a  time  when  many 
species  are  getting  over.  The  long  erect  racemes 
bear  a  large  number  of  lilac-coloured  flowers,  of  a 
deep  shade  when  the  flowers  first  open,  but  the 
segments  becoming  much  paler  with  age,  and  the 
lip  changing  to  a  peculiar  light  red,  which  gives  the 
flower  a  very  singular  appearance.  The  change  of 
colour  is  remarkable,  tliough  in  the  allied  species,  C. 
sylvatica,  from  Bourbon  and  Mauritius,  the  flowers 
are  said  to  be  white  when  first  opening,  but  after- 
wards to  change  to  yellow  without  fading,  "so  that 
the  upper  part  of  the  long  spike  is  pure  white,  the 
lowest  very  yellow,  the  middle  of  a  delicate  cream." 
However  this  may  be,  it  is  certain  that  in  C. 
natalensis  the  lip  is  of  the  same  colour  as  the  seg- 
ment when  the  flowers  open,  a  peculiarity  well 
r -'presented  in  the  Botanical  Magazine,  t.  6844,  where 
the  plant  is  figured.  It  is  there  stated  that  it  is 
"apparently  a  common  and  certainly  a  variable 
plant  in  various  places  of  Eastern  South  Africa,  from 
Natal  itself,  where  Mr.  Sanderson  and  others  have 
found  it  in  the  bush  swamp  at  the  head  of  the  bay, 
to  boggy  hills  in  the  interior  ascending  to  2000  feet ; 
and  Mr.  Bolus  sends  specimens  from  the  Perie 
forest,  near  King  William's  Town."  It  is  now 
flowering  at  Kew. 

L.ELIA    CKISPA. 

This  fine  old  species,  which  as  often  as  not  goes 
under  the  name  of  Cattleya  crispa.  is  one  of  the 
most  effective  plants  at  the  present  time,  and  is  thus 
additionally  valuable  when  so  many  others  are  getting 
over.  The  large  and  many-flowered  racemes  of 
white  flowers,  with  the  richly-coloured  and  beautifully 
undulate  lip,  give  the  plant  a  very  handsome  appear- 
ance. It  is  a  native  of  Brazil,  and  appears  to  liave 
been  first  introduced  to  our  gardens  in  1826  by  Sir 
Henry  Chamberlayne.  R,  A,  H, 


THE 


INFLUENCE     OF 

ON   STOCK. 


SCION 


The  influence  of  stock  on  scion,  and  of  scion  on 
stock,  have  supplied  materials  for  an  extensive  mass 
of  literature.  Characteristic  illustrations,  however 
are  less  abundant,  on  which  account  we  avail  our- 
selves of  the  opportunity  afforded  to  us  by  the  kind- 
ness of  Mr.  George  Swailes,  of  Beverley,  of  illus- 
trating a  case  wherein  the  contagion  of  variegation, 
as  our  late  friend  Prof.  G.  Morren  called  it,  is  mani- 
fest (seel,  fig.  77).  In  this  case  a'green-leaved  Elm 
of  the  campestris  section  furnished  the  stock  on 
which  was  emplanted  a  scion  of  the  golden  varie- 
gated variety  known  as  Ulmus  campestris  Van  Hontte, 
the  leaves  of  which  are  shown  on  the  [right-hand  side 
of  the  cut  (2,jfig.  77).  The  graft  was  successful,  and 
some  time  afterwards,  a  shoot  with  leaves  partly 
green,  partly  golden  issued  from  the  stock  below 
the  gi'aft,  as  shown  at  ",  in  fig.  77. 

A  summary  of  our  knowledge  on  this  point  is 
given  in  Burbidge's  Cultivated  Plants,  a  book  we 
should  like  all  young  gardeners  to  be  tlioroughly  well 
versed  in.  Danvin,  in  his  Animals  anil  Plants  under 
Dotmsticalion,  also  mentions  numerous  similar  cases, 
the  most  generally  known  being  that  cited  by 
Bradley,  in  which  the  stock  of  a  Jasmine  threw  out 


variegated  shoots  after  having  been  budded  or  grafted 
with  a  variegated  scion.  In  former  days,  when  fluids 
only  were  supposed  to  pass  by  endosmosis  from  one 
closed  cell  to  another,  the  difficulty  of  accounting  for 
such  phenomena  was  greater  than  it  is  now,  when  we 
know  that  not  only  liquids  pass  eudosmotically  from 
cell  to  cell,  but  that  the  jirotoplasm  itself  in  some 
cases  at  least,  passes  through  minute  apertures  from 
cell  to  cell,  thus  establishing  the  "continuity  of 
protoplasm." 

"THE   BOT.A.NICAL   MAGAZINE." 

(C'ontinttcd  from  p.  246-.) 

Cheirostejion  (The  H.vnd  Plant). — It  is  now- 
close  upon  three  hundred  years  since  Francisco 
Hernandez,  a  Spaniard,  made  known  to  Euro- 
jieans  the  wondrous  floral  productions  of,  Mexico ; 
including  this,  some  of  the  more  famous  Orchids, 
Tigridia,  and  a  host  of  others.*  As  may  be 
imagined,  the  writings  of  this  author  excited  much 
curiosity,  but  it  was  long  before  this  curiosity  ^yas 
satisfied.  However,  quite  early  in  the  present  century 
it  was  cultivated  at  Paris  and  Montpellier  ;  and  Lam- 
bert appears  to  have  soon  introduced  into  this  country, 
though  it  is  not  included  in  the  second  edition  of 
Alton's  Hortiis  Keiecnsis.  In  1859  it  had  long  been 
cultivated  at  Kew,  but  it  had  never  shown  any  dispo- 
sition to  flower.  Charles  Dorrien,  of  Ashdean,  was 
more  fortunate ;  and  it  was  he  who  supplied  the  fine 
flowers  from  which  the  drawing  for  the  Magazine 
was  made.  On  the  Continent  flowers  first  appeared 
in  1850;  but  the  tree  very  rarely  flowers  under  cul- 
tivation, and  the  JIagazine  figure  is  the  only  good 
coloured  one. 

Grammatophyllum  speciosum  (pi.  5157)  is  a 
striking  and  gigantic  Malayan  Orchid,  with  stems 
10  feet  high  and  flower-scapes  0  feet  high, 
bearing  numerous  yellow  flowers  spotted  with 
brown  and  6  inches  across.  The  beautifully  and 
often  richly  coloured  Caladiums  were  heralded  by  C. 
bicolor  var.  Neumannii  (pi.  5199),  and  C.  bicolor 
var.  Chantinii  (pi.  5255).  Malortica  gracilis  (pi.  5291) 
is  another  of  the  numerous  elegant  dwarf  Palms  of 
Central  America.  At  this  date  (1862),  however, 
Palms  had  not  yet  become  popular  in  England. 
Plate  5319  represents  Anthurium  Scherzerianum  as 
it  first  flowered  at  Kew  in  1862,  with  spathes  only 
an  inch  long,  and  furnishes  a  noteworthy  instance  of 
what  has  been  subsequently  effected  by  high  culture. 
Grasses  present  great  variety,  yet  I  remember  none 
so  anomalous  in  aspect  as  the  Brazilian  Anomochloa 
marantoidea  (pi.  5331),  which  more  nearly  resembles 
})lants  of  the  order  indicated  by  the  specific  name. 
Lilium  auratum  (pi.  5338)  created  prob.ably  a  greater 
sensation  in  the  gardening  world  than  any  other  of 
the  numerous  introductions  of  the  late  John  Gould 
Veitch,  and  in  a  great  measure  reinstated  the  genus 
in  public  favour,  and  led  to  the  great  results  that 
have  followed.  Berberidopsis  corallina  (pi.  5343),  a 
very  beautiful  Chilian  shrub,  has  not,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  from  some  cause,  fulfilled  expectations  to 
which  it  gave  rise.  Calanthe  Veilchii  X  (pi.  5375),  a 
hybrid  between  Calanthe  vestita  (pi.  4671)  and 
Limatodes  rosea  (pi.  5312),  claims  our  attention,  not 
for  its  beauty  alone,  but  also  as  being  the  first  of 
Dominy's  hybrid  Orchids  of  which  a  coloured  plate 
has  been  published.  His  first  hybrid,  Calanthe 
Dominii,  was  described  by  Lindley  in  1858.t  Lewisia 
rediviva  (pi.  5395),  a  showy  member  of  the  Portu- 
laceie,  and  a  native  of  North-West  America,  bears  a 
very  ap)>ropriate  specific  name.  I  well  remember 
the  history  of  the  plant  figured.  It  was  collected  by 
Dr.  Lyell,  who  was  attached  to  the  Boundary  Com- 
mission in  British  Columbia,  and  after  having  been  im- 
mersed in  boiling  water  on  account  of  its  well-known 
tenacity  of  life,  it  was  dried  for  a  herbarium  speci- 
men. More  than  a  year  and  a  half  later,  when  Dr. 
l.ycll  lirought  his  collections  to  Kew,  the  plant  still 
showed    symptoms    of  vitality,   and    was    therefore 

**  Described  and  figurej  in  a  Spanish  work  entitled ;  "  Quatro 
Libros  de  la  Naturaleza  y  Virtudea  de  las  Planta.s  y  Auimales, 
que  eat^n  recevidos  en  el  uso  de  Medccina  en  la  Nueva-Espafia, 
publicado  cu  Mejico  por  Ximcncz  en  el  aRo  161.5." 

t  See  Gardeners'  Ctironicle,  1?.58.  p.  4. 


transferred  to  the  garden,  where  it  speedily  produced 
flowers. 

Bowenia  spectabilis  (pi.  .5398).  a  native  of  Eastern 
Australia,  is  a  remarkable  member  of  a  curious 
family,  whicli  finds  a  counterpart  in  the  equally  sin- 
gular South  African  Stangeria  paradoxa  (pi.  5121)' 
Adenium  obesum  (pi.  5418),  Vitis  Bainesii  (pi. 
5472),  and  Vitis  macropns  (pi.  5479),  are  charac- 
teristic examples  of  the  vegetation  of  the  dry  regions 
of  Tropical  Africa.  Ilelichrysum  Mannii  (pi.  5431) 
is  a  handsome  plant,  which  serves  to  record  the 
excellent  services  to  botany  in  Western  Tropical 
Africa  by  Gustav  JIann,  who,  with  Sir  John 
Kii'k,  is  one  of  the  few  botanical  explorei-s  of  Tro- 
pical Africa  who  have  long  survived  their  labours. 
Among  the  numerous  "  everlasting"  flowers  of  Aus- 
tralia. Waitzia  corymbosa  (pi.  5443)  is  one  of  the 
prettiest  and  most  variable,  and  may  liave  a  future 
in  our  gardens.  It  was  raised  by  Mr.  W.  Thomp- 
son, of  Ipswich,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  an 
immense  number  of  hardy  plants,  and  such  as  can 
be  cultivated  in  the  open  ground  in  summer.  Of 
the  splendid  Renauthera  Eowii  (pi.  5475)  it  is  said 
that  no  more  remarkable  plant  is  to  be  found  in  the 
vast  and  varied  tribe  to  which  it  belongs.  The 
great  ])eculiarity  of  it  is  that  it  constantly  pro- 
duces two  distinct  kinds  of  flower,  the  lowest 
pair  on  the  spike  being  quite  differently  coloured 
from  all  the  rest.  I  shall  bring  this  revie\y  to  an  end 
with  Veronica  Hulkeana  (pi.  5484),  a  native  of  New 
Zealand,  where  the  genus  has  reached  a  greater 
development  than  in  any  other  part  of  its  very  wide 
area  of  distribution. 

Notable  Events  in  Gardening. 

From  1827  to  1864  is  a  long  and  anjeventful  period 
in  flower  gardening,  and  many  interesting  and  im- 
portant occurrences  and  changes  cannot  even  claim 
a  mention  in  this  sketch  ;  yet  there  are  some  things 
so  inseparably  connected  with  the  subject  that  ought 
not  to  be  passed  over  altogether.  The  late  Jlr. 
George  Bentham  was  so  exclusively  a  botanist 
during  the  twenty-five  years  that  I  knew  him  that 
I  had  almost  forgotten  his  connection  with  the  Hor- 
ticultural Society,  whose  continued  existence  is 
again  looking  precarious.  Bentham  became  Secre- 
tary to  the  Society  in  1829,  "  at  a  period  when  by 
increasing  wasteful  expenditure  it  was  reduced  to  a 
very  low  ebb ; "  and  he  held  tliis  post  until  1840, 
when  the  Society  had  regained  its  former  prosperous 
condition.  During  this  decade  Hartweg,  Douglas, 
and  other  collectors,  had  introduced  an  enormous 
number  of  plants  under  the  Society's  auspices,  and 
Bentham  was  specially  active  in  describing  the 
novelties,  both  in  the  Society's  publications  and  in  an 
independent  work  entitled  Plantis  Hartwerjiana.  In 
1832  the  renowned  Chiswick  fetes  were  instituted, 
at  the  first  of  which  170(.)  people  were  present. 
Flower  shows  on  so  magnificent  a  scale  had  never 
been  held,  and  they  were  rich  beyond  anything  we 
see  now  in  hard-wooded  plants ;  while  florists' 
varieties  of  Pelargonium,  Fuchsia,  Rosa,  Dahlia,  and 
of  many  other  genera,  were  multiplied  and  improved 
fi-om  season  to  season. 

In  1851  Paxton's  wonderful  conce])tion  of  glass 
and  iron  rose  in  Hyde  Park,  and  still  exists,  |though 
unfortun.ately  in  dire  straits,  in  a  modified  form  at 
Sydenham,  as  a  monument  to  the  genius  and  skill  of 
one  of  whom  the  craft  are  all  .justly  proud. 

About  the  year  1800  innovations  in  the  old  stfle 
of  mixed  bedding  of  plants  began,  and  "  ribbon 
borders  "  and  "  carpet  bedding  "  succeeded,  and  soon 
almost  entirely  displaced  everything  else,  with  the 
results  that  many  old  favourite  hardy  herbaceous, 
perennial  and  annual  plants  were  banished,  and  soon 
lost  to  cultivation. 

In  August,  1865,  Sir  William  Hooker  was  attacked 
by  a  disease  in  the  throat,  following  on  a  cold  caught 
at  Clapham  Junction,  to  which  he  soon  succumbed. 
He  was  in  his  eighty-first  year,  and  previous  to  this 
attack  he  was  apparently  hale  and  vigorous,  and 
looked  like  a  man  destined  to  live  another  ten 
years  at  least. 

It  is  impossible  to  give,  in  a  few  words,  an  idea 
of  the  immense  amount  of  work  he  accomplished 


Septembei)  i4,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


369 


himself,  to  say  nothing  of  wliat  he  stimulated  others 
to  do.  The  rapid  extension  of  the  various  depart- 
ments at  Kew;  the  botanical  exploration  of  distant 
countries  ;  the  production  of  descriptive  a\  orks  of 
colonial  floras;  and  the  dissemination  of  knowledge 
bearing  on  systematical,  geographical,  economiciil 
botany  generally,  bear  witness  to  his  wonderful 
energy  and  activity. 

While  Sir  William  lay  dead,    his   son,    now  Sir 
Joseph,  was   stri'-ken    down    with    rlieumatic    fi^ver 


Fruit  Register. 

PEAR  QLEEX  JAKGONELLE. 
This  is  an  early  pale  gi-een  summer  Pear,  of  medium 
size,  that  ajipears  to  be  but  little  known.  Mr.  Bar- 
ron lias  fruited  it  at  Cliiswick  this  season  ;  it  comes 
in  with  the  Jargonelle  and  Windsor,  and  though 
^carc'ly  equal  to  the  foiniei-  in  flavour,  is  decidedly 


J. — ILLtrSTRATION   OF   THE   EFFECT   OF   THE   SCION   ON    THE    STOCK.       (sEE   P.   .368.) 
1,  Leaves  of  the  stock;    3.  Those  of  the  scion;    3,  Of  the  sport  from  the  stock. 


for  the  second  or  third  time  ;  but  happily  he  reco- 
vered, and  succeeded  his  father  as  Director  of  the 
Royal  Gardens,  Kew,  and  as  editor  of  the  Magazine, 
which  he  still  conducts,  though  he  has  retired  from 
the  position  of  Director  of  the  Koval  Gardens.  W. 
B.H. 

(To  be  continued,) 


A  VERY  EFFECTIVE  BED  AT  KEW  this  season 
consists  of  an  edging  of  Golden  Feather  enclosing  a 
central  mass  consisting  of  diagonal  stripes,  in  regular 
alternation,  of  a  blue  bedding  Violet,  a  white-edged 
Pelargonium,  Day-Break,  and  Iresine  Lindeni. 


superior  to  the  latter.  Of  its  origin  I  have  no  in- 
formation, but  it  came  originally  through  the  Rev. 
W.  Kingsley,  of  Thirsk,  and  it  was  through  Dr. 
Hogg  that  Mr.  Barron  was  able  to  add  it  to  the 
Chiswick  collection.  It  is  a  soft,  juicy,  and  agreeable 
Pear;  following  Citron  des  Cannes,  and  Doyenne 
d'Ete  (Summer  Doyenn^). 

Pears  at  Chiswick. 

JIany  of  the  pyramidal  Fear  trees  at  Chiswick  are 

bearing  excellent  crops  of  fruit  this   season.     Mr. 

Barron  wisely  mulched  and  well  watered  many  of 

the   heaviest  cropping  trees   during    the    time    of 


drought,  and  they  derived  great  advantage  from  this 
attention.  Tlie  recent  heavy  rains  have  gone  down 
to  the  roots,  and  they  will  doubtless  give  a  great  im- 
petus to  the  trees  and  assist  the  swelling  of  the  fruit. 
Among  those  carrying  lieavy  crops  are :— Emile 
d'Heyst,  a  good  Pear,  that  does  not  keep  very  long  ; 
Bon  Cliretien  and  Louise  Bonne  of  .Tersey— these  two 
favourite  varieties  appear  to  be  cropping  heavily 
tliis  season ;  Beurre  des  Charmeuses,  or  Fondante  de 
Charneu,  an  excellent  Pear  that  ripens  in  November ; 
Nouveau  Poiteau,  Belle  Julie,  a  capital  Pear,  ripe  in 
the  end  of  October— a  variety  that  Dr.  Hogg  re- 
commends for  extensive  cultivation ;  Beurre 
d'Amanlis,  Charles  Van  Morel,  Flemish  Beauty, 
Comte  de  J>amy,  Deux  Ans,  Uvedale's  St.  Ger- 
main, Beurre  de  Capiaumont,  Queen  Jargonelle, 
Marie  Louise,  Pitmaston  Duchess,  Henri  Capron, 
Colmard'Ete,  Passe  Colmar,  Beurr^  Sterckmans,  Fon- 
dante d'Automne,  Beurre  Hardy,  Josephines  de  Ma- 
lines,  Althorp  Crassanne.  Thompson's  '  Vineuse. 
On  a  west  wall  the  old  Colmar  is  bearing  a  heavy 
crop,  as  it  generally  does  at  Chiswick.  B.  D. 

Stoawbehry  Trollope's  Victoria. 
Tliis  variety  is  an  abundant  bearer  on  medium 
soils,  and  not  liable  to  mildew.  The  plant  is 
robust  with  ratlier  short  leaf-stalks,  so  that 
it  does  not  shade  the  fruit  as  much  as  the  tall 
growers.  The  fruit  is  light  pink,  large,  round, 
the  seeds  not  prominent.  Its  fniit  is  agreeablv 
flavoured,  and  it  bears  carriage  fairly  well.  Vic- 
toria was  once  largely  grown,  but  was  driven  out  by 
the  novelties  of  the  last  twenty  years,  many  of  which 
cannot  be  compared  with  it. 

WiLSOX    JrNIOR    BrACKBEKHV. 

We  have  again  received  from  various  sources 
specimens  of  this  fruit,  which  show  how  freely  it 
is  produced.  The  berries  are  very  juicy,  and  not  so 
mawkish  as  some  Blackberries  are. 

Lord  Palmerston  Peach. 
Very  fine  examples  of  this  fruit  were  sent  (not 
ripe)  by  Mr.  E.  Ward,  Hewell  Grange,  for  our  in- 
spection. As  a  late,  large,  fairly  good  variety,  it  is 
very  well  worth  growing.  In  most  parts  of  the  king- 
dom the  aid  of  glass  would  be  required  to  tlioroughly 
ripen  it.  It  is  a  free  setter,  and  retains  its  fruits  at 
stoning  time  better  than  Walburton  Admirable. 


Foreign  Products. 


THE   PRODUCTION  OF   VEGETABLES    IN 
ALEXANDRIA. 

Some  interesting  notes  on  tlic  export  from  Alex- 
andria of  what  are  now  generally  called  "  minor 
industries,"  are  contained  in  the  British  Consul's 
report  on  the  trade  and  commerce  of  Alexandria  for 
the  year  188G.  Tomatos,  it  seems,  are  now  exported 
in  large  quantities  to  Marseilles.  Fresh  vegetables 
are  also  largely  exported  from  Alexandria  to  Port 
Said  for  the  use  of  vessels  passing  through  the 
Canal.  One  of  the  most  noticeable  features  in  the 
exports  from  Egypt  is  the  recent  rapid  development 
of  the  trade  in  Onions,  brought  about  almost  entirely 
by  the  enterprise  of  Captain  Wakeham,  agent  for 
Mr.  Leyland,  of  Liverpool.  A  few  years  ago  only  a 
very  small  quantity  was  exported,  but  during  the 
two  months  of  the  last  season  14,000  tons  were 
exported  to  Liverpool.  Potatos,  it  seems,  have 
recently  been  successfully  raised  in  the  country,  and 
there  is  vast  room,  it  is  stated,  for  the  development 
of  their  cultivation  and  export  at  such  times  as 
would  admit  of  their  commanding  Iilgh  prices  in 
England.  Efforts  are  also  being  made  to  encourage 
the  export  of  Oranges  should  a  market  be  found  for 
them.  Last  winter  about  50,000  boxes  were  shipped 
to  Liverpool. 

Vegetable  Products  in  Reunion. 
Cinchona. — An  interesting  account  of  the  vegetable 
products  of  Reunion  has  recently[been  published  in  a 


370 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[SKPTEMDKn  24,  1887. 


1 


Foreign  Office  Report,  from  which  we  gather  tlie 
following  notes,  lleferring  to  Cinchona,  wc  are  re- 
minded that  for  Bome  years  past  the  plantations  have 
absorbed  considerable  attention,  and  althongh  they 
h.ave  hitherto  assumed  no  very  extensive  development, 
the  results  obtained  are  satisfactory.  The  plantations 
are  made  in  forests  at  a  height  of  about  4000  feet. 
At  this  height  there  exist  no  high  trees,  but  merely 
brushwood.  Parallel  alleys  from  5  to  6  feet  wide 
are  made,  and  as  far  as  practicable  in  spots  sheltered 
from  the  winds.  These  alleys  are  separated  by  a 
range  of  brushwood  10  feet  thick  on  each  side,  which 
serves  to  protect  the  young  Cinchona  plants  against 
the  violent  winds  so  common  in  Kiiinion.  The 
holes  are  made  at  a  distance  of  15  feet  from  each 
other,  and  are  1  foot  8  inches  in  diameter,  and  of  the 
same  depth.  The  earth  removed  is  mixed  with  some 
prepared  mould,  in  which  the  young  Cinchona  plant 
is  placed.  In  soil  thus  prepared  the  young  plant 
experiences  no  difficulty  in  its  growth,  but  when  it 
has  attained  a  height  of  18  inches  care  must  be 
taken  to  cut  the  roots  of  the  adjacent  brushwood 
which  may  have  found  their  way  into  the  space  re- 
served for  the  Cinchonas. 

At  the  end  of  seven  or  eight  years  the  plants  have 
attained  a  diameter  of  3.}-  inches,  and  are  ready  for 
hai-vesting ;  this  takes  place  in  October,  when  the 
bark  is  more  easily  detached.  The  plants  are  cut 
about  2  inches  from  the  ground,  and  the  bark  when 
removed  is  placed  in  the  sun  to  dry.  A  large 
number  of  young  shoots  soon  spring  from  the  old 
stump,  which,  when  they  have,  in  their  turn  attained 
a  certain  size,  it  is  necessary  to  lop  off,  leaving  only 
sufficient  for  the  stump  to  feed  conveniently  ;  they 
grow  rapidly,  and  produce  a  crop  of  bark  in  a  period 
of  six  or  eight  years.  In  this  way  the  cultivation  of 
this  produce  when  once  planted  can  be  continued 
almost  indefinitely  and  at  little  expense. 

It  is  evident  that  the  means  employed  in  Reunion 
for  the  cultivation  of  the  Cinchonaare  very  practical, 
and  far  more  economical  than  in  .Java.  Although 
these  plantations  have  been  attempted  but  on  a 
limited  scale,  the  results  are  such  as  will  likely  be  an 
inducement  to  their  extension.  Experiments  have 
hitherto  been  made  only  by  the  local  government,  on 
the  Crown  lands,  and  by  a  few  wealthy  planters. 

VanilUi.  —  The  high  prices  fetched  by  Vanilla  in 
European  markets  have  been  a  great  temptation  to 
many  to  convert  what  little  land  they  possess  into 
Vanilla  plantations  ;  but  this  happy  state  of  things  is 
not  destined  to  have  a  long  life,  for  Vanilla  IS  an  article 
of  consumption  fur  which  there  is  but  a  restricted 
demand,  and  its  over-production  must  necessarily  be 
attended  by  a  great  fall  in  price. 

Tuhacco. — Persevering  experiments,  attempted  by 
a  small  number  of  planters  to  cultivate  Tobacco  are 
beginning  to  give  most  encouraging  results,  and 
Reunion  at  present  can  produce  very  well  burning 
Tobacco.  Although  its  aromatic  properties  are  not 
as  satisfactory  as  they  might  be,  it  is  hoped  that, 
with  time  anil  a  little  care,  this  deficiency  will  be 
remedied.  It  is  a  well  known  fi>ct  that  to  obtain 
gjod  Tobacco,  several  plantations  must  have  been 
made  in  the  same  spot.  As  this  has  not  yet  been 
done  at  Reunion,  the  Tobacco  can  hardly  be  said  to 
have  had  a  fair  trial. 

Fecula  and  Tapioca. — The  manufacture  of  fecula 
and  tapioca  may  now  be  considered  as  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  industries  of  the  island.  In  spite  of 
the  first  mill  which  was  started  having  begun  under 
very  unfavourable  circumstances  it  may,  neverthe- 
less, be  said  to  be  on  its  way  to  prosperity.  Its  pro- 
duce, although  not  so  appreci.'ited  as  the  tapioca 
from  Singapore  and  Rio  Janeiro,  obtains  fairly 
remunerative  prices.  No  further  argument  can  be 
advanced  to  prove  that  there  is  a  brilliant  opening 
for  fecula  and  tapicoa  than  the  fact  that  other  mills 
are  already  being  constructed  for  the  making  of 
these  articles. 

The  CiTiiON  TniOK  in  ConsicA. 

According  to  a  recent  Government   report  from 

Bastia,  Corsica,   Citron  fruits  constitute  one  of  the 

principal  articles  of  export.     The  climate  and  soil  of 

Cureicfv  are   said   to   be   particularly  favourable   to 


the  production  of  this  fruit,  which  maintains  its 
great  superiority  over  that  produced  in  Greece, 
Sicily,  and  the  North  of  Africa,  and  the  excellent 
price's  obtained  in  the  principal  markets  have  caused 
much  attention  to  be  given  to  careful  cultivation, 
and  to  the  preparation  of  the  fruit  for  the  different 
markets.  Most  of  the  selected  fruit  is  sent  to 
England.  Owing  to  the  large  number  of  plantations 
which  should  come  into  bearing  during  the  next  few 
vears  a  large  increase  of  production  and  consequent 
decline  in  prices  were  to  be  looked  for,  but  the  very 
severe  winter  caused  the  entire  destruction  of  the 
trees  of  many  important  districts,  and  it  is  expected 
that  the  next  crop  will  be  a  failure.  Tlie  manufacture 
of  candied  Citron  for  America  and  Holland  has 
greatly  increased.  The  best  quality  of  Egyptian 
sugar  is  now  used  for  this  purpose  in  large  quantities, 
and  is  imported  direct.  The  returns  of  exports  to 
foreign  countries  show  that  1692  tons  of  Citrons  in 
brine  and  435  tons  of  candied  Citrons  were  exported 
in  1880. 

SlAM   GiNOEB. 

In  the  Butanical  Magazine  for  July  of  the  present 
year,  t.  0944,  Sir  Joseph  Hooker  describes  a  new 
species  of  Alpinia  under  the  name  of  A.  zingiberina, 
the  history  of  which  is  interesting,  as  much,  or  even 
more,  from  an  economic,  as  from  a  botanical  ])oint  of 
view.  This  plant  was  first  noticed  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  for  July  31,  1886,  p.  150,  having  been  raised 
from  rhizomes  exhibited  at  the  Health  Exhibition 
in  1884. 

The  fine  collection  of  fruits  exhibited  by  the 
Siamese  Commission  at  the  above  Exhibition  were  at 
its  close  presented  to  the  Jfuseum  of  the  Royal  Gar- 
dens, and  in  the  course  of  preparing  the  specimens 
for  exhibition  in  the  cases  at  Kew,  I  at  once  saw  that 
a  sample  of  a  rhizome  labelled  "Ginger  "was  very 
different  from  the  ordinary  commercial  ginger,  being 
much  thicker,  and  more  cylindrical,  longer,  and  not 
so  much  branched.  Upon  breaking  off'  a  piece  of  the 
rhizome  the  odour  was  more  delicately  aromatic  than 
common  ginger,  and  the  taste  not  so  pungent.  As 
the  rhizome  still  retained  life  in  it,  a  piece  was  sent 
to  the  propagating-pits,  and  from  it  the  plant  now 
figured  in  the  Botanical  Magazine  was  raised.  As 
Sir  Joseph  Hooker  points  out,  "  We  are  still  in 
ignorance  as  to  whether  it  is  a  wild  or  cultivated 
plant ;  and  if  the  latter,  whether  it  is  cultivated  (as 
A.  agallocha  is  in  Siam)  for  its  seeds,  or,  like  the 
true  Ginger,  for  its  rhizomes." 

From  the  fleshy  nature  of  the  rhizome,  as  well  as 
from  its  delicate  aromatic  taste  and  smell,  the  plant 
would  seem  to  be  worth  cultivating  for  the  sake  of 
preserving  the  rhizome  in  syrup,  if  not  for  drying 
and  using  as  a  condiment  in  the  ordinary  way.  It 
is  well  known  that  the  Chinese  preserved  ginger  is 
of  a  more  agreeable  aromatic  flavour  than  that  of  the 
West  Indies,  and  is  mostly  preferred  for  table  use  ; 
in  consequence  of  this  it  has  been  suspected  that 
some  other  plant  than  Zingiber  officinale  may  fur- 
nish some,  at  least,  of  the  Chinese  ginger  ;  up  to 
the  present  time,  however,  there  is  no  proof  of  this. 
Mr.  Charles  Ford,  of  the  Hong  Kong  Botanic  Gar- 
den, referring  to  this  subject  in  a  recent  report,  says  ; 
— *'  Some  doubt  has  existed  as  to  whether  the 
Chinese  have  not  one  or  more  kinds  of  ])lants  in  use 
as  Ginger  that  are  unknown  elsewhere.  I  have 
taken  steps  for  collecting  together  and  cultivating 
all  the  kinds  of  plants  generally  included  by  the 
Chinese  as  Ginger,  with  the  hope  that  when  in  cul- 
tivation they  can  be  studied  and  observed  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  secure  all  possible  information  in  con- 
nection with  this  subject.  While  at  San-Ui  I  was 
fortunate  in  being  able  to  obtain  from  cultivated 
plants  good  flowering  specimens.  These  I  dried,  and 
together  with  specimens  of  the  roots  (properly  rhi- 
zomes) forwarded  to  the  Director  of  Kew  Gardens  for  a 
study  of  them  to  be  made  there,  when  they  can  be  com- 
pared with  other  kinds,  or  with  specimens  of  the 
same  kind  from  other  places.  Tlie  specimens  which 
I  procured  were,  without  doubt.  Zingiber  officinale, 
the  species  commonly  in  cultivation  in  other  parts  of 
the  world. 

"  It  is,  however,  possible  that  some  other  plant, 


which  is  not  a  true  Ginger,  may  be  used  in  making 
the  celebrated  Canton  preserved  ginger,  but  all  the 
information  which  I  have  yet  obtained  points  to  the 
species  Zingiber  officinale  as  the  only  kind  which  the 
Chinese  use  for  this  purpose.  The  Ginger  cultivated 
in  the  Lo-Fan  Mountains  has  a  wide  reputation 
amongst  the  Chinese  as  being  of  unusual  efficacy  in 
medicine ;  this  superior  quality  may,  however,  be 
derived  merely  from  peculiarity  of  soil  or  climate 
which  communicate  to  the  plant  exceptional  pro- 
perties." 

The  specimens  here  alluded  to  by  Mr.  Ford  have 
been  examined  by  Professor  Oliver,  and  i)rove  to  be 
those  of  true  Ginger  (Zingiber  olUciuale,  Rose).  John 
B.  Jachson,  Museum,  Kew. 


Nursery   Notes. 

ORCHIDS  AT  THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTI- 
CULTURAL   COMPANY'S. 

The  first  impression  of  the  visitor  on  entering  the 
great  establishment  at  Garston,  Liverpool,  cannot 
fail  to  be  that  in  such  a  fine,  roomy,  and  well  venti- 
lated lot  of  houses  a  fine  lot  of  plants  will  be  found. 
Inspection  of  the  interior  would  prove  that  this  an- 
ticipation was  not  ill-founded,  for  the  company  year 
after  year  extending  its  researches  for  Orchids  to 
import,  and  at  the  same  time  adding  portions  of  many 
old-established  collections,  have  now  a  very  large  and 
healthy  stock,  among  which  are  many  rare  plants 
which  cannot  fail  to  attract  the  'attention  of  the 
almost  satisfied  old  collector,  while,  on  the  other 
hand,  among  the  thousands  of  new  importations  the 
lovers  of  the  good  but  cheap  can  have  their  wants 
supplied  to  their  heart's  content.  But  every  Orchid 
establishment  has  a  specialty,  and  that  of  the  one 
over  which  Mr.  John  Cowan  so  ably  presides  may  be 
said  to  be  Mexican  Orchids,  of  which  large  quantities 
are  grown,  ranging  from  the  ordinary  sale  size  up  to 
specimens  of  such  dimensions  as  to  cause  wonder 
how  they  could  be  collected  and  conveyed  so  far 
intact. 

Among  these  may  be  noted  specimens  of  the 
pretty  La^lia  albida,  from  3  to  5  feet  in  diameter,  and 
with  thirty  to  eighty  flower-spikes  now  just  well 
above  the  foliage.  Maiiy  of  these  plants  are  so  large 
in  bulb  and  stout  in  flower-spike  as  to  give  a  strong 
reminder  of  the  larger  growing  L,  autumnalis;  it 
may  easily  be  conceived  what  beautiful  objects  they 
will  form  when  in  bloom.  L.  albida,  while  being  one 
of  the  prettiest,  most  durable  and  fragrant  of  our 
winter  flowers,  ort'ers  additional  inducement  to 
possess  it  in  quantity  by  the  endless  number 
of  varieties  it  embraces,  all  of  which  are  pretty, 
and  many  fine  forms  turn  up  among  every 
lot  of  imported  plants.  Next  among  the  large 
batches,  small  and  great,  is  Ltclia  anceps  and  its 
varieties,  red  and  white  ;  among  these,  too,  there 
are  some  giants,  one  of  which  bears  forty-two  well- 
developed  flower-spikes.  Their  grower,  who  is  a 
very  careful  man,  says,  that  it  is  curious  with  what 
accuracy  the  different  types  turn  up  in  the  different 
importations.  From  one  locality  they  get  their 
short-stemmed  and  brillant  dark  flowered  form, 
named  Morada;  from  another  comes  the  tall  but 
still  bright  L.  a.  Barkeriana ;  and  from  another 
the  ordinary  form ;  but  with  none  of  these  are 
the  white  forms,  which  come  from  another  district. 
Of  the  white  forms  of  Lxlia  anceps  there  is  a 
fine  stock,  both  proved  and  unproved  ;  among  those 
already  flowered,  L.  a.  Dawsoni,  L.  a.  alba,  L.  a. 
Hilliana,  L.  a.  Percivaliana,  &c.  Another  specially 
noteworthy  importation  is  a  large  quantity  of  the  true 
Lailia  furfuracea,  which  for  a  small-growing  plant, 
bearing  fine  rose-coloured  flowers,  each  about  5 
inches  across,  cannot  be  matched.  Lielia  autumnalis, 
L.  albida,  Epidendrum  Ghiesbreghtianum,  and  all 
sorts  of  things,  have  repeatedly  been  sold  for  La:lia 
furfuracea,  so  that  few  know  what  it  really  is ;  its 
short  pseudobulbs,  and  upright  thick  leaves 
readily  distinguish  it  when  out  of  flower,  and 
when   in  bloom  there  is    no   resemblance   to    the 


Septkubek  24,  1887.] 


TEE    GABDENEES'     CHRONICLE. 


371 


other  things  sold  for  it.  Among  the  otlier 
large  quantities  of  Mexican  species  aie  O.  Cer- 
vantesi,  both  the  decorum  and  tlie  rose  form  called 
Morada  ;  O.  citrosmum,  O.  Kossi  majus ;  and  with 
them  probably  a  few  of  the  rare  0.  Warnerianum ; 
0.  aspersum,  and  O.  Huraeianum,  Lalia  autumnalis. 
and  other  things  usually  appertaining  to  the  class, 
are  also  in  quantity.  A  number  of  tliese  are  grow- 
ing on  a  kind  of  fibre  which  the  Company  advance 
as  a  new  and  good  material  for  growing  Orchids  ;  it 
appears  on  examination  of  the  fibre,  and  by  the 
numbers  of  fronds  of  Polypodium  vulgare  which 
grow  very  prettily  among  the  things  planted  on  it,  to 
be  merely  flakes  of  that  Polypody,  and  perhaps  of 
other  Ferns  gathered  from  some  locality  where  they 
have  been  growing  for  years,  such  material,  from  the 
almost  indestructibility  of  its  fibre,  should  be  excel- 
lent for  Orchids. 

The  East  Indian  Orchids  take  rank  here  next  as 
specialties,  and  most  of  the  Dendrobes,  Vandas, 
Aeiides,  Saccolabiums.  &c.,  are  well  represented  ; 
and  being,  where  possible,  imported  annually,  are  not 
set  too  much  store  by.  Along  with  other  good 
batches  appear  the  difl'erent  varieties  of  Lffilia  and 
Cattleya.  Coryanthes,  Sophronitis,  and  a  goodly 
array  of  Odontoglossum  Alexandra,  and  other  cool 
house  Odontoglossuras  and  Masdevallias  in  the 
houses  allotted  to  them. 

In  the  flowering  house,  where  the  plants  are  taste- 
fully mingled  with  Adiantum  cuneatum  and  Aspara- 
gus pluniosus,  is  a  very  pretty  show  of  Cattleya 
Eldorado  in  many  varieties,  intduding  tlie  pure  white 
form — all  of  them  very  sweet  scented;  Vandaca?rulea, 
Jliltonia  Clowesii,  major  and  M.  Eegnelli,  many 
beautiful  Oncidium  Lanceanum,  Cattleya  bicolor, 
the  pretty  Trichocentrum  albo  purpureum  ;  the  true 
best  form  of  Oncidium  caesium,  for  whicli  so  many 
weeds  are  sold  ;  Galeandra  Devoniana.  a  fine  yellow 
Mormodes  (pardinura  citrinum),  some  Cypripediums, 
and  some  other  curious  Orchids.  Althouglx  intend- 
ing to  note  only  the  Orchids  and  leave  the  rest  of 
the  vast  establishment,  none  could  fail  to  note  with 
admiration  the  fine  houses  of  JIarechal  Niel  and 
Gloire  de  Dijon  Koses  grown  on  a  special  system  in 
pots,  and  with  stems  9  or  10  feet  in  length  ;  each 
house  has  about  500,  and  fine  they  look  as  they  form 
a  covered  way  over  the  walks.  J.  OB. 

The  Kinvee  Seed  Fahms  and  Teial  Gkocnds. 

These  are  situated  some  five  miles  from  Words- 
ley,  in  the  midst  of  a  remarkably  well-wooded  and 
pleasant  district.  The  soil,  a  sandy  loam,  resting  on 
gravel,  is  one  easily  worked,  and  when  well  culti- 
vati'd,  and  enriched,  as  it  is,  with  the  best  artificial 
and  farmyard  manures,  produces  root  and  other 
crops  which  are,  to  say  the  least,  remarkable  when 
compared  with  others  in  the  same  district.  Hybridisa- 
tion and  selection  constitute  the  chief  work  at 
Kinver. 

To  grow  tlie  "  best  from  the  best  "  is  their  motto  ; 
all  "rogues"  are  carefully  looked  for,  detected,  and 
discarded,  the  result  being,  that  Messrs.  "Webb  are 
enabled  to  supply  their  growers  in  the  various  suit- 
able districts  with  true  selected  stocks  to  grow  from. 
Some  1700  acres  are  devoted  to  seed  growing  and 
tri.als  at  Kinver. 

Peas. — Of  these  150  sorts  have  been  grown  for 
trial  this  year,  and  selections  made.  Amongst  those 
not  yet  offered  to  tlie  public  is  one  well  thought  of 
— the  result  of  a  cross  between  those  well  tried 
favourites,  Ne  Plus  Ultra  and  Telephone. 

Both  Broad.  French,  and  Scarlet  Runner  Beans 
have  their  allotted  stations,  and  include  the  best 
types  in  each  section.  For  connoisseurs  in  sucli 
matters  there  is  AVebb's  New  Golden  Queen  and 
Webb's  New  Golden  King,  said  to  be  of  good  flavour 
when  cooked.  They  are  at  any  rate  highly  orna- 
mental and  effective. 

Of  the  many  varieties  of  Cabbages  introduced  of 
late  years  by  the  firm  none  have  given  so  much 
genera!  satisfaction  as  Webb's  Emperor.  In  looking 
over  a  plot  containing  some  thousands  I  was  struck 
by  the  remarkable  evenness  of  the  crop  as  a  whole. 
Its  dwarf  compact  habit  and  firm  solid  heads,  and 
other  good  qualities  combined  should  make  this 
a  valuable  acquisition  for  market  and  private  growers 
alike. 

Cauliflowers  and  Broccoli  are  largely  grown  and 
tested,  upwards  of  eighty  varieties  having  been  grown 
last  year.  The  required  qualifications  are  purity  of 
colour,  habit,  hardiness,  and  shape.  Of  Cauliflowers 
Webb's  New  Kinver  Giant,  E.arly  Mammotli,  and 
New  Tom  Tlnnnb  are  to  be  recommended  ;  and  of 
Broccolis  Webb's  New  Autumn  White,  whilst  for 


very  late  cutting  Webb's  May  Queen  and  Champion 
are  as  good  as  any  which  weknow. 

Potatos,  as  a  matter  of  course,  are  largely  grown, 
and  that  tliey  are  carefuUv  selected  is  proved  by 
the  many  First-class  Certificates  awarded  to  Messrs. 
Webb  &  Sons  for  new  varieties.  Upwards  of  70  acres 
are  devoted  to  trials.  Several  superior  new  seed- 
lings are  to  be  offered  next  season,  foremost  amongst 
them  being  the  result  of  a  cross  between  Magnum 
Bonum  and  Wliite  Elephant. 

Amongst  Carrots  we  noticed  Webb's  New  Inter- 
mediate and  Scarlet  Short  Horn,  as  being  good 
in  shape,  and  evidently  gi-own  from  good  types. 
Turnips  included  several  noteworthy  sorts,  such  as 
Prizetaker.  a  very  hardy  good  keeper  with  white 
flesh,  and  of  excellent  quality.  Noticeable  also  are 
the  breadtlis  devoted  to  ISeetroot  and  Onions. 
Lettuces  are  abundantly  irpresented  by  the  various 
selections  of  Cos  and  Cai)liage  varieties,  and  close  by 
is  a  splendid  bed  of  Webb's  Giant  Curled  Parsley, 
beautifully  curled,  and  of  a  dark  green  colour. 

In  deference  to  the  increasing  demand  for  Tomatos, 
all  the  popular  kinds  have  been  grown  at  Kinver, 
and  some  new  ones  have  been  raised  therefrom. 
Webb's  Sensation  is  the  latest  acquisition,  and  is 
evidently  a  good  one,  first  honours  having  been 
awarded  it  at  the  recent  horticultural  show  at  Shrews- 
bury. It  is  flattish-round  in  shape,  perfectly  smooth, 
of  deep  red  colour,  the  flesh  solid  and  firm,  and  will 
no  doubt  in  future  be  largely  grown. 

Other  vegetables,  too  numerous  to  detail,  are  also 
to  be  seen,  and  each  and  all  have  due  attention 
given  tliem. 

Among  miscellaneous  subjects  may  be  mentioned 
the  trials  of  Tobacco,  of  which  Messi's.  Webb  & 
Sou  have  selected  twelve  varieties,  as  being  from 
habit  and  constitution  best  suited  to  our  climate- 
namely,  Connecticut,  Virginia,  Florida,  Yellow 
Friar,  Island  Broad  Leaf,  Big  Frederick,  Cuba, 
Havana,  Kentuckv,  Maryland,  Pennsylvania,  and 
White  Burleigh. 

Strawberries  are  also  largely  grown,  specially  so  for 
supplying  plants  to  customers  ;  these  include  tried 
favourites,  such  as  Keens'  Seedlings,  President, 
Vicomtesse  Hericait  de  Thury,  Sir  J.  Paxton, 
Kivers'  Eliza,  Dr.  Hogg,  James  Veitch,  and  Black 
Prince. 

Flower  seeds  are  to  a  certain  extent  only  tested  at 
Kinver,  but  exceptions  are  made,  for  there  are  large 
breadtlis  of  Mignonette,  Stocks,  Asters,  Zinnias, 
Poppies,  Marigolds,  Convolvulus,  Clarkias,  Esch- 
scholtzias,  Viscarias.  and  numerous  other  kinds  ;  all 
were  interesting,  especially  so  Webb's  Giant  Mignon- 
ette, Imperial,  large  anil  dwarf  flowering  Stocks, 
Webb's  dwarf  Chrysanthemums,  'Victoria  quilled 
and  miniature  Asters,  Webb's  new  Stirling  Poppies, 
&c.  There  were  also  attractive  beds  of  Convolvulus 
tricolor  unicaulis,  Clarkia  elegans  carnea  fl.-pl.,  and 
Erysimum  Perofskianum.  Another  very  striking 
feature  was  a  breadth  of  the  pretty  pure  wliite  Chry- 
santhemum inodorum  pleuissimum,  which  grows  a 
foot  high,  and  produces  an  abundance  of  double 
flowers ;  this  is  a  plant  worthy  of  more  ex- 
tended cultivation.  In  close  proximity  to  the 
above  are  plots  laid  down  to  lawn  grasses,  in  order 
that  comparisons  may  be  made  to  test  the  quality  - 
and  durability  of  the  dili'ereut  mixtures  offered  for 
that  purpose.  J.  A. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


Tea  Rose  House. — To  have  fine  Tea  Roses  they 
should  be  planted  out  and  not  forced,  but  allowed  to 
come  into  blossom  in  April  and  May,  when  they  will 
yield  a  succession  of  blossoms  through  the  summer 
months.  It  appears  to  me  a  sacrifice  to  excite  a 
house  of  permanently  planted  Tea  Roses  into  blossom 
in  winter  at  a  time  when  the  blossoms  are  neither 
so  fine  nor  possess  the  substance  they  acquire  in 
spring  and  summer.  An  important  item  in  the 
management  of  the  Rose  house  is  to  get  the  wood 
thoroughly  matured  before  winter,  and  to  this  end 
free  ventilation  should  be  afforded  at  the  present 
season,  which  will  also  be  beneficial  in  checking  late 
growth.  Matured  wood  not  only  flowers  the  best, 
but  is  less  liable  to  attacks  of  mildew.  Where  young 
shoots  started  freely  from  the  base  of  the  plants  in 
spring,  and  were  laid  in  regularly  and  trained  to  their 
full  length  over  the  trellises,  much  of  the  superfluous 
older  wood  may  now  be  cut  out,  thereby  affording 
the  shoots  left  more  sun  and  air,  and  if  they  are  per- 
fectly ripened,  although  they  may  be  several  feet  in 
lengtbj  they  will  break  from  almost  every  h^d,  ivnd 


produce  more  and  better  blossoms  than  do  spurs— 
in  this  respect  the  Tea  Rose  resembling  the  Peach. 
Old  plants  that  have  become  bare  at  the  base  may 
be  headed  down  in  Febi'uary  before  growth  com- 
mences, at  which  time  the  beds  and  borders  should 
be  top-dressed  with  maiden  loam,  and  plants  which 
are  not  cut  back  should  then  receive  what 
pruning  is  found  necessary.  Vigorous  old  plnnta 
cut  back  readily  cover  'the  trellis  with  strong 
wood,  which,  if  properly  ripened,  blossoms  splendidly 
the  following  season.  Where  it  is  intended  to  plant 
the  work  may  be  carried  out  now,  provided  the  plants 
to  be  planted  are  established  in  pots.  Tarticulara  re- 
specting the  fromation  of  beds  and  borders  were  given 
in  thf  Calendar  for  February  :.'G  last,  where  a  list  of 
some  of  the  good  kinds  was  given.  Any  plants  in  pots 
that  require  repotting  should  now  be  seen  to,  the 
compost  previously  recommended  for  borders  answer- 
ing for  this  purpose.  It  is  not  advisable  to  repot 
frequently,  or  to  afford  large  shifts  at  any  time,  as 
the  plants  can  be  assisted  with  liquid  manure  during 
their  growing  season. 

Such  plants  as  are  not  repotted  should  have  the 
crocking  examined,  and  be  top-dressed.  It  would  be 
well  to  select  from  these  plants  for  early  forcing,  re- 
serving those  newly  potted  till  a  later  period.  Any 
plants  still  in  the  open  should  soon  be  put  under 
glass,  as  it  is  not  advisable  to  expose  pot-Roses  to 
rain  after  this  time.  The  worst  enemy  the  Tea  Rose 
has  is  mildew,  which  if  left  unchecked  soon  destroys 
the  appearance  of  their  foliage.  To  avoid  its  attacks, 
cold  draughts  and  sudden  changes  of  temperature 
should  be  guarded  against ;  the  best  remedies  are 
flowers  of  sulphur,  or  a  weak  solution  of  sulphide  of 
potassium.  Attention  should  be  given  to  this  as 
soon  as  mildew  is  observed.  Thomas  Coombcr,  Hendry 
Gardens,  Man. 


The  Kitchen  Garden. 


Lettcce  and  Endive. — Towards  the  middle  of 
next  month  Lettuces  that  are  coming  into  use  should 
be  lifted  from  the  open  with  good  balls  of  earth 
attached  to  them  and  planted  into  cold  frames  or 
hand-lights,  and  as  thickly  together  as  possible 
without  touching  each  other.  After  receiving  suf- 
ficient water  to  settle  the  plants  in  their  new  positions, 
and  when  they  have  taken  fresh  root,  all  the  air 
possible  should  be  given  by  removing  the  lights 
entirely  as  often  as  is  practicable,  closing  them  only 
during  frost  or  rain.  Where  frame  accommodation 
is  limited,  some  temporary  provision  may  be  con- 
structed which  would  throw  off  heavy  rains  and 
exclude  frosts,  and  would  for  a  time  prolong  the 
supply  of  usable  Lettuces.  Full  grown  Endive 
should  also  be  lifted  and  treated  in  a  similar 
manner  to  Lettuce,  and  when  stored  on  ash  beds  a 
portion  can  be  tied  up  and  plunged  deep  enough  to 
bleach.  Whenever  Endive  or  Lettuce  is  covered  or 
tied  up  to  bleach,  it  is  most  essential  that  it  should 
be  in  a  dry  condition  at  the  time,  and  also  that  any 
necessary  watering  be  done  early  in  the  morning  of  a 
suitable  day,  in  order  that  the  occupants  may  become 
dry  before  nightfall.  To  stand  the  winter  a  portion 
of  the  latest  sown  plants  can  be  drawn  from  the 
seed-beds  and  pricked  out  singly  on  to  raised  beds  in 
sheltered  positions,  into  cold  frames,  or  underneath 
the  shelter  of  walls,  where,  if  necessary,  some  pro- 
tection can  be  afforded  them  during  severe  weather. 

CanUfloiL'crs. — Provision  should  be  made  for  these 
by  pricking  out  into  good  soil,  in  frames  near  the 
glass,  young  plants  of  Early  London,  Veitch's  Autumn 
Giant,  &c.,  to  stand  through  the  winter;  others  can 
also  be  pricked-out  in  sheltered  positions  outside, 
where  they  can  when  necessary  be  protected  ;  hand- 
lights  being  available  for  the  purposeshould  be  placed 
in  position,  at  a  distance  from  each  other  sufficient 
to  allow  of  the  easy  removal  of  the  lights  for  giving 
air,  &c.  Good  rich  ground  must  be  chosen  for  this 
purpose,  in  a  sheltered  early  position  facing  south  : 
from  six  to  eight  plants  may  be  allotted  to  a  light 
until  spring,  when  finally  four  should  be  allowed  to 
remain,  the  surplus  ones  being  utilised  for  filling  up 
blanks  or  additional  plantings.  As  soon  as  the 
young  plants  become  established  and  commence 
growing,  air  should  be  given  continually ;  and  through- 
out the  winter  every  opportunity  in  favourable 
weather  should  be  taken  to  expose  the  young  plants, 
by  removing  the  lights  daily ;  an  occasional  dusting 
of  soot  or  lime,  followed  by  a  surface  stirring  between 
the  plants  with  a  hand-fork,  will  tend  to  keep  slugs 
in  check,  and  the  soil  in  a  healthy  and  sweet  coa- 
dition.  J.  4H§tni>  WUk}/  Court. 


372 


THE     OARDE  NEBS'     GHliONKJLE. 


[SKPTEjriiEii  24,  1887. 


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APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


SALES 


1  Dutch  Bullis.  at  Ste\  en~'  EooniT. 
,  -2%'  E.\tensive  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs. 
(      Protheroc  &  Morris'  Rooms. 


WEDNESDAY.  Snp 


"1 


SO 


t'.iU.rlion  of  Stove  ami  Greenhouse 
I 'l.iMts,  at  Cholderton  House,  West 
Cholderton. 
Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
Azaleas,  Greenhouse  Plants,  Bulbs, 
&c..  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
Rooms. 

/Valuable    aud    imported    Orchitis. 
\      from  Messrs.  F.   Sander  &    Co., 
ti<      and  others,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
I  Extensive  Sale  of  Dutch  Bulbs,  at 
^     Protheroe  &  Morris'  Booms. 
S  Imported  Orchids,  at  Protheroe  & 
"i     Morris'  Rooms. 
1  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
1 .'  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 
1     Koont>. 


The  Gooseberry,  of  which  we 
Goose-  gj^,g  several  illustrations,  which 
may  be  useful  in  view  of  the 
planting  season,  is  equally  well  liked  on  the 
dining-table  of  the  palace  and  the  modest  board 
of  the  cottager.  Like  few  other  fruits,  the 
berries  may  be  used  in  the  unripe  state,  if  suili- 
ciently  cooked  and  sweetened;  and  are  then. 
perhaps,  more  palatable  than  at  a  later  stage, 
when  the  skin  has  attained  more  toughness  and 
acidity. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  large  towns  an 
important  trade  has  sprung  up  of  recent  years 
in  growing  green  Gooseberries  for  innnediate 
consiunption,  for  bottling  purposes,  or  otherwise 
preserving  them  in  the  green  state  for  winter 
consumption.  The  crop  is  usually  a  remunera- 
tive one,  as  the  demand  in  the  towns  is  large 
and  constant,  early  sorts  being  especially  profit- 
able. Kipe  fruit  is  preserved  as  jam,  and  sells  at 
a  cheap  figure,  finding  a  ready  sale  at  all  times 
when  fresh  fruit  cannot  be  obtained  readily. 

We  do  not  intend  to  enter  into  full  details  on 
the  cultivation  of  the  Gooseberry  in  this  notice, 
but  to  indicate  to  our  readers  a  few  of  the  large 
show  Lancashire  kinds,  which  have  flavour  as 
well  as  size  to  recommend  them  to  the  con- 
iideration  of  the  grower.     Many  of  these  show 


kinds  are  the  most  prolific  bearers  that  can  be 
planted,  and  therefore  well  adapted  for  picking 
in  a  young  state. 

In  Lancashire,  where  very  large  fruits  are 
grown,  a  special  system  of  culture  is  followed  to 
attain  that  end,  by  planting  in  well-prepared 
soil,  manuring,  placing  a  saucer  of  water  under 
the  fruits  retained  after  severe  thinning  out  has 
lieen  practised.  This  latter  procedure  is  of  \ery 
doulitful  i'ifieac\-.  luit  is  intended  as  a  means  for 


TELEGHAPH. 


LnXDON  CITY. 


./ 


Flo.   78.  — Kl.NG  OF  TRUM 


a  .special  purpose,  and  results  in  large  berries,  but 
which  are  destitute  of  much  flavour.  Those  who 
do  not  possess  a  comparatively  moist  climate  like 
that  of  Ijancashire  can  hardly  expect  to  excel  in 
the  production  of  these  monsters,  but  all  may  grow- 
any  of  these  varieties  to  a  fair  size,  provided  the 
soil  of  the  garden  be  not  too  dry  or  too  gravelly 
in  its  nature. 

We  have  made  a  selection  from  the  extensive 
array  of  berries  exhibited  by  Messrs.  .T.  'N'eitch 
Si  Son,  Chelsea,  at  South  Kensington,  on  August  9 
of  the  present  year,  including  those  varieties  which 
recommended  themselves  by  their  flavour   and 


handsome  appearance.  The  major  portion  of  this 
collection  had  been  grown  on  the  light  land  of 
Me.ssrs.  Ve  tch'-  fruit  nursery  at  Fulh.iin,  and 
the  exceptional  dryness  of  the  summer  had 
the  effect  of  reducing  somewhat  the  size  of  the 
berrief,  and  of  hastening  unduly  the  ripening 
period. 

On  the  occasion  abo^■e  mentioned,  some  up- 
right cordon  trained  plants  of  Gooseberries, 
were  shown  (_see  fig.  SO),  mostly  well  covered 
with  fruits.  This  method  of  growing  the  bushes 
is  well  adapted  for  gardens,  where  economy  of 
space  is  an  object  of  importance :  the  fruit  is 
likewise  preserved  from  splashing  by  rain,  and 
can  be  readily  protected  from  wasps — who  are  ex- 
ceedingly fond  of  ripe  Gooseberries — and  from 
birds.  In  the  case  of  these  cordons  it  is  advis- 
able to  tie  to  the  stake  several  shoots  of  varying 
length,  as  is  done  with  the  so-called  pillar  Roses, 
renewing  the  vitality  of  the  plant  periodically  by 
laying-in  new  shoots,  and  cutting  out  the  old. 
Of  course,  cordon-training  demands  close  spur- 
ring-in  of  all  lateral  growths,  and  timely  thin- 
ning-out of  those  produced  in  summer,  if  an 
impenetrable  thicket  into  which  no  one  un- 
gloved would  venture  to  thrust  a  hand  is  to  be 
avoided. 

Of  green-skinned  varieties  we  give  the  follow- 
ing :— Telegraph,  fruit  large,  long,  and  smooth 
— excellent.  Fearless,  medium  as  to  size,  but 
flavour  good.  London  City,  long,  large,  skin 
pale  green,  flavour  very  good :  this  variety  is 
very  similar  in  form  to  Loudon,  a  red  fruit,  but 
is  not  so  tender  when  in  bloom.  Tantivy,  a  large 
smooth  variety ;  the  flesh  is  coarse  in  texture, 
but  of  excellent  flavour. 

Of  yellow-skinned  \arieties.  Pilot  is  a  smooth 
fruit,  of  very  good  flavour ;  King  of  Trumps  is 
a  large  greenish-yellow,  fairly  good  in  flavour ; 
Catherina,  a  bright-looking  berry,  a  little  hairy — 
of  the  finest  flavour ;  Triunpeter,  a  long,  handsome 
fruit,  smooth,  good  flavour ;  Tiger,  an  orange- 
yellow,  smooth  and  of  good  flavour ;  Hedgehog, 
although  greenish-white,  we  class  with  these,  is  a 
hairy  skinned  fine-flavoured  fruit.  We  shall  take 
another  opportunity  of  illustrating  a  series  of 
Gooseberries,  not  so  well  adapted  for  the  exhi- 
bition-table, but  Ufore  especially  suited  for  the 
dessert. 


\ 


Veronica    cupressoides   and   Others.  — 

We  have  received  from  various  correspondents  speci- 
mens of  tliese  plants  and  commimications  relating 
to  tlicin.  As  we  hope  shortly  to  give  figures  of  the 
plants  in  question,  taken  from  authentic  types,  we 
tliink  it  better  to  defer  further  discussion  on  them  for 
the  present.  In  the  meantime  we  may  say  that  the 
dwarf  form,  commouly  called  salicornioides,  is  not 
rightly  so  named. 

Metropolitan  Public  Gardens  Asso- 
ciation.-The  Earl  of  Me.\th,  the  Cliairmau  of  tliis 
Associalioii,  has  just  appointed  Mr.  William  Gold- 
EING,  Jjaudscape  Gardener,  Kew,  to  be  Honorary  In- 
spector of  the  public  gardens  and  open  spaces  of  the 
Association  in  London.  There  are  now  many  of  these 
public  gardens  distributed  about  the  metropolis,  and 
their  area,  including  those  in  course  of  construction, 
amounts  to  nearly  70  acres,  and  their  cost  of  con- 
struction has  exceeded  £15,000.  The  beneficial 
effects  of  these  open  spots  in  crowded  localities 
cannot  be  over-estimated,  so  tliat  the  Association 
deserves  jiublic  sujiport. 

Phylloxera  Laws  in  the  German  Empire. 

— The  following  translation  of  an  official  document 
lias  been  forwarded  to  us  for  publication  from  the 
Koyal  Gardens,  Kew.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  com- 
mercial transactions  with  Germany  are  very  seriously 
hampered  by  these  regulations.     The  document   is 


Septembkr  -4,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


37.3 


entitled :—"  Notification  respecting  the  import  of 
Tooted  plants  from  States  not  parties  to  the  Inter- 
national Phylloxera  Convention  "  : — 

"  August  i),  lirW". — In  virtue  of  the  regulation  in 
Section  2  of  the  Ordinance  respecting  the  import  of 
rooted  plants  from  States  not  parties  to  the  Inter- 
national Phylloxera  Convention  of  April  7  of  tliis 
vear  (Gazette,  sheet  No.  ISo),  I  issue  the  following 
directions ; — 

"  Section  1. — The  experts  to  be  entrusted  witli  the 
investigations  (Sect.  1,  No.  3,  of  the  Ordinance  abovr 
refen-ed  to)  are  to  be  appointed  by  the  departmental 
Governments  from  among  such  persons  resident  at 
the  frontier  post  (Sect.  1,  No.  1,  of  the  Ordinance^ 
or  in  its  vicinity,  as  may  have  proved  their  com- 
petency. The  names  of  the  experts  and  their 
substitutes,  if  any,  are  to  be  notified  to  the  public 
by  the  departmental  Governments. 

"  Section  2. — The  sender  of  the  plants  has  to  give 
in  with  the  packet  a  declaration  in  which  In- 
(a)  engages  himself  to  bear  the  costs  of  the  examina- 
tion ;  (i)  instructs  the  receiver  of  the  packet,  or  a 
representative  of  the  latter,  with  full  powers  to  act. 
and  resident  in  Imperial  territory,  to  pay  the  costs. 
If  this  declaration  is  not  forthcoming,  the  person  to 
whom  the  packet  is  addi'essed  will  be  advised  of  this 
with  the  remark  that  it  will  only  be  despatched  after 
the  costs  of  the  examination  have  been  paid.  Should 
no  explanation  be  given  within  a  specified  time, 
proceedings  ensue  as  directed  in  Sect.  6,  para- 
graph I,  of  the  Ordinance  of  .Tnlv  4.  l?.'."}  (Gazette, 
sheet  153). 

"  Section  3. — At  the  examination  wliich  is  to  be 
held  on  the  arrival  of  the  packet  at  the  frontier 
without  delay,  tlie  packet  is  to  be  entirely  emptied. 
The  wrappings  of  the  plants  are  then  to  be  thoroughly 


liim,  and  finally  pays  it  over  to  the  expert. — The 
Chancellor  (rcpieseiUcd  hij  {signed)  VoN  Beettichkk), 
Berlin,  August  23,  1887.'" 

Phylloxera  Laws.  —  We  have  lately  been 
informed  of  an  instance  in  which  our  own  Postal 
authorities  declined  to  forwaid  a  small  packet  to 
Italy,  on  the  ground  that  it  contained  "  bulbs;  "  the 
bulbs  so  called  being  dried  fruits  of  Palms'.  While 
dailv  experience  shows  more  and  more  tlie  futilily  nf 


examined  to  see  whether  Vine  roots  or  other  por- 
tions of  Vine  plant  are  contained  in  them.  Should 
this  be  the  case,  the  examination  is  suspended  with- 
out further  process,  and  it  rests  with  the  frontier 
authorities  what  further  course  shall  be  pursued, 
whether  the  packet  be  returned  or  destroyed.  Other- 
wise the  plants  themselves  are  then  carefully  to  be 
examined  one  by  one,  and  if  theie  be  any  appearance 
of  swelling  on  the  root  with  a  magnifying-glass,  the 
expert  has  to  draw  up  a  short  statement  of  the  con- 
dition after  each  examination. 

"  Section  4. — The  fees  of  the  experts  are  to  be 
calculated  in  such  a  manner  that  the  sum  of  4  marks 
for  the  first  hour  begun,  for  each  further  hour  or 
portion  of  an  hour  two  marks,  the  whole  not  to 
exceed  a  maximum  of  12  marks  (  =  shillings).  It  is 
in  the  competency  of  the  departmental  Governments 
to  assess  the  fees  at  a  lower  scale  for  examining 
packages  of  small  value  (plants  for  rooms,  shoots 
[?  cuttings],  and  such  like),  and  again  at  a  higher 
scale  where  exceptional  trouble  is  given  in  the 
examination.  If  the  examinations  involve  special 
journeys — (a)  Experts,  who  are  also  officials,  receive 
the  scale  of  maintenance  and  journey  money  pre- 
scribed in  Imperial  or  State  laws.  (4)  Experts,  not 
officials,  receive  12  marks  a  day  for  maintenance  and 
for  travelling  expenses  (in  cases  of  distances  ex- 
ceeding two  kilometres  from  residence),  for  each 
kilometre  of  railroad  or  steamship  13  pfennig,  unless 
the  departmental  Government,  in  consideration  of  tlie 
expert's  social  position  declares  a  lower  scale  to  be 
sufficient. 

"  Section  5. — The  experts  hand  in  their  account, 
together  with  the  certificate  as  to  the  contents  of  the 
packet,  to  the  authority  at  whose  office  the  examina- 
tion has  taken  place ;  the  latter  then  collects  the 
total  from  the  receiver  when  delivering  the  packet  to 


Rue  de  Crenelle,  a  large  exliibition  of  fungi  of  all 
kinds  on  October  15—17. 

SPINOVITIS  DAVIDM  (the  Prickly  Grape  ^■ine 
trom  China). — ilr.  Uhmsley  drew  attention  to  this 
interesting  Vine  in  a  note  published  in  the  Gar^ 
(Icners  Chronicle  in  June,  1886.  p.  753.  It  is  also 
figured  in  the  Bevue  Horticole.  1885,  p.  55,  from  seed- 
lings raised  in  France  and  supplied  by  the  xVbbe 
D.iviD,  who  discovered  the  plant.  It  is  described  as 
■'  a  thorny  Vine,  cultivated  at  Kinhua,  and  bearing 
large  purple  Grapes."  A  healthy  example  of  tliis 
remarkable  plant  may  now  be  seen  iu  the  Kew  col- 
lection. It  was  forwarded  to  Kew  by  Mr.  C.  Fokd. 
of  the  Hong  Kong  Botanic  Gardens,  in  the  spring  of 
this  year. 

"  MALESIA."— The  last  issued  part  of  this  pub- 
lication, which  we  greatly  regret  to  see  is  also  to 
form  the  completion  of  the  work,  contains  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  account  of  the  Dilleniacea;  of  the 
Malay  Ai-chipelago,  and  the  plates  (without  text)  of 
the  Bombaceie  of  the  same  region,  collected  by 
Sig.  Beccaiii,  and  comprising  the  genus  Durio  and  its 
allies,  as  remarkable  for  their  construction  as  for 
the  fruits  of  one  at  least  of  their  species,  the 
Durian.  The  plates  will  form  a  valuable  complement 
to  the  description  of  the  Durionea;  published  by  Dr. 
Masters  in  the  Journal  of  the.  Linnean  Socieli/  some 
years  since,  a  description  based  on  specimens  amassed 
by  Sig.  Beccaiii  himself,  and  by  other  travellers  in 


Fig.  80.— coRi' 


such  restrictions,  foreign  Governments — even  that  of 
Germany,  where  we  look  for  enlightenment— seem 
to  be  increasing  instead  of  diminishing  their  vex- 
atious and  utterly  useless  restrictions. 

Paris. — A  great  exhibition  of  fruit  and  vege- 
tables will  be  held  in  the  Place  du  Carrousel  from 
September  29  to  October  3. 

A  show  of  Chrysanthemums  will  be  held  on 
November  24,  at  the  rooms  of  the  National  Horticul- 
tural Society  of  France,  84,  Rue  de  Grenelle. 

The  Botanical  Society  of  France  will  hold,  at  84, 


Fl«.  Rl.— PILOT. 


TRUMPETF.B. 


the  Malay  Archipelago.  In  the  present  publication 
tlie  distinguished  Italian  traveller  figures  certain  new 
species,  but  unfortunately  without  description.  The 
excellence  of  the  figures,  however,  renders  the 
.absence  of  text  of  less  importance. 

Albino  Leaves.— Professor  H.  Chuech  has 
analysed  the  white  leaves  produced  on  a  sporting 
branch  of  Quercus  rubra,  and  compared  them  with 
the  constitution  of  the  ordinary  green  leaves  of  the 
same  tree.  The  percentage  compositiou  of  the  two 
is  as  follows  :  — 


Water 

Organic  matter 


White  liCave 
72159 
24-65 


een  Leave 
58'08 
40-33 
1-.59 


The  ash  of  the  two  sets  of  leaves  contained : 


Irou  oxide 

Nitrogen 


een  Leave 
29-10 
24-60 
1-24 


The  Potato  Crop.— The  latest  reports  (vide 
Farmers  Gazette,  September  17)  of  the  Potato  cro]) 
are  more  favourable  than  those  first  received,  and  the 
weight  of  evidence,  on  the  whole,  points  to  a  fair 
average  crop.  Great  improvement  has  taken  place 
during  the  last  three  weeks,  particularly  in  Cham- 
pions, and  we  hear  of  crops,  both  in  England 
and  Ireland,  now  being  dug  that  are  realising 
£20  per  statute  acre.  A  note  from  Clare  says 
the  Potato  crop  will  be  more  than  an  average  yield, 
and  is  in  a  state  of  perfect  immunity  from  any  dis- 


374 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CIIBOKICLE. 


[Sept,  m  ihr  f4,  1>S7. 


ease  ;  and  a  correspondent  in  county  Cork  writes  :  — 
"Potatos  have  made  a  wonderful  stride  Intelv,  and 
will  now  be  a  full  crop  here." 

Fuchsias  at  Market  Lavington.— At  the 

exhibition  of  the  Lavington  Horticultural  Society, 
held  in  the  grounds  of  Ciyrt'e  Hall,  Market  Laving- 
ton,  on  the  14th  inst.,  a  remarkably  attractive  feature 
was  a  collection  of  twenty  fine  specimen  Fuchsias 
which  filled  the  whole  of  tlie  centre  stage  in  the 
large  mai-quee  set  apart  for  plants.  These  were 
shown  by  Mr.  James  Lye,  the  well  known  raiser 
and  exhibitor,  and  with  but  few  exceptions  the 
varieties  were  all  of  his  own  raising.  They  were  all 
remarkably  well  grown  and  finely  flowered.  Jlr. 
LvE  also  exhibited  a  number  of  seedlings  of  great 
promise,  among  them  a  veiy  fine  dark  variety  named 
Mr.  Walter  Long,  and  a  charming  and  distinct  light 
variety  named  Lady  Doreen  Long.  These  were 
highly  commended  by  the  judges. 

Irish  Crops.— The  following  general  summary 
of  cereals,  green  crops,  &c.,  grown  this  year  in 
Ireland,  has  been  published  lately  by  the  Government 
o.Ticials  : — 


Cere.ll  crops 
Green  crops 
Flax          

Acres. 
...  1,590,704 
...      1,221,.312 

127,890 

Acres. 
1,5G3,I64 
1,228,746 

130,203 

Acres. 

7,434 
2.312 

Acres. 
28,540 

Total  under  Tillage 

..      2,939.90S 

2,921,113 

18,791 

3Ieadow  and  Clover 

..      2,094,209 

2.143,538 

49,329 

Total  increase  in  the  total  extent  of  land  under  crops 
in  1887.  30,535  acres. 

ISA  Greenhouse  a  Building?— Mr.  Colliks 

sends  us  a  communication  impugning  the  accuracy  of 
the  report  published  in  our  last  issue,  and  sent  us  by 
the  District  Surveyor,  from  a  "  local  paper,"  and 
giving  a  different  version  of  what  the  magistrate  did 
or  did  not  say.  It  is  evident  that  neither  our  readers 
nor  ourselves  are  in  a  position  to  pronounce  an  opinion 
upon  such  details.  It  is  the  principle  that  is  involved 
that  is  imjjortant  to  the  trade,  so  that  we  trust 
Sir.  Colliks  will  have  the  support  of  his  fellows  in 
his  attempt  to  bring  the  matter  before  the  Metro- 
politan Board  of  Works,  with  a  view  to  the  abroga- 
tion of  an  edict  which,  under  the  circumstances,  is 
as  mischievous  as  it  is  absurd.  We  have  before  sug- 
gested that  this  is  a  case  for  the  Nursery  and  Seed 
Trade  Association  to  take  action  in. 

Harpenden  Horticultural  Society.— The 

committee  of  this  Society  intend  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  opportunity  afl^)rded  them  when  holding  their 
annual  general  meeting  of  members  on  AVednesday, 
December  7,  to  hold  an  Apple  and  Pear  Congress 
and  Show,  for  the  purpose  of  showing  the  varieties 
of  Apples  and  Pears  most  suitable  for  this  district, 
and  to  obtain  information  with  regard  to  the  proper 
cultivation,  &c.,  of  these  nseful  fruits  by  combining 
a  congress  with  an  exhibition.  A  few  prizes  will  be 
oflered  for  collections  of  kitchen  Apples,  and  also 
dessert  varieties,  also  for  stewing  and  dessert  Pears  ; 
and  it  is  suggested  that  papers  should  be  read  on— 
I,  "The  History  of  the  Apple";  2, '■  The  Cultiva- 
tion of  the  Apple  "  ;  3,  "  Diseases  of  the  Apple,  and 
Suggested  Remedies";  4,  "  Importation  of  Foreign 
Apples  and  the  Influence  on  the  British  Fruit 
Trade."  It  is  also  proposed  that  similar  papers 
relating  to  the  Pear  be  also  read.  The  papers  are 
to  be  short,  and  the  time  allotted  for  discussion 
will  be  limited.  The  idea  is  a  good  one,  because 
it  is  calculated,  if  carried  out  with  spirit, 
to  throw  some  light  upon  local  influences  as 
affecting  the  growth  of  fruit  trees  and  the  production 
of  fruit.  Harpenden  is  a  pleasant  neighbourhood, 
that  is  extending  rather  rapidly,  as  many  high-class 
villa  residences  are  being  erected  on  the  ijigh  grouud 


above  the  Midland  Railway  on  the  north  side;  and  as 
good  gardens  are  being  laid  out  and  have  to  be 
planted,  information  bearing  upon  the  most  suitable 
varieties  for  the  locality  must  be  of  value.  At  any 
rate,  the  Harpenden  Horticultural  Society  is  showing 
a  good  lead  in  entering  upon  a  department  of 
practical  work;  and  their  example  should  be  followed 
by  other  societies  up  and  down  the  country.  The 
arrangements  of  the  exhibition  and  congress  are 
under  the  management  of  Jlr.  John  J.  Willis,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Harpenden  Society. 

Cactus  Dahlias.  —  These  are  the  coming 
plants  for  beds  in  gardens,  and  for  the  varied  pur- 
poses for  which  cut  Howers  are  used.  An  effort 
ought  to  be  made  to  dry  them  of  their  natural 
colours  for  use  at  Christmas  and  Easter.  Perhajjs 
the  blooms  could  be  easily  dried,  bleached  and  dved 
of  the  same  tints  they  possessed  in  life.  Messrs. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  have  made  great 
advance  with  this  section  of  the  Dahlia  during  the 
past  two  yeais.  In  a  collection  of  the  seedlings 
flowered  thisyear  which  they  have  forwarded  to  us  we 
see  much  that  is  admirable  in  Germania,  a  very  pure 
wdiite ;  Prince  Albert  Victor,  bright  crimson ; 
Yellow  Cactus,  bright  yellow;  Scarlet  Germania 
Nova,  a  small-flowered  scarlet;  Sister  Xavier,  an 
orange ;  Sister  M.  C.  Lyons,  pale  primrose.  Others 
there  were,  but  these  are  the  best  of  those  sent. 

Royal  Society  of  Horticultu.'?e,  Agri- 
culture, and  Botany,  Ghent.— The  monthlv 
meeting  of  the  above  was  held  in  the  Casino,  on 
Tuesday,  September  13,  when  Certificates  of  Merit 
were  awarded  as  follows :- To  Pteris  Bausei  (new), 
shown  by  M.  De  Smet  Dovivieh  ;  to  Oncidium 
barbatum  (for  the  excellence  of  the  varietv), 
shown  by  M.  A.  Vas  Imschoot  ;  to  Ca'tt- 
leya  Gaskelliana  (for  the  e.Kcellence  of  the 
variety),  shown  by  MM.  Vervaet  &  Co.;  to  Odon- 
toglossum  Vervaeti  (new),  shown  by  MM.  Vervaet 
&  Co. ;  to  Lobelia  crinoides  albiflora  grandiflora. 
(oh  ;)  shown  by  M.  DEvniESEKE-REEMENs. 

A    Big  Walnut  Log.— The  Ghuyuiv  Hemld 

says  that  there  was  recently  landed,  c.v  Lord 
O'Niel,  68.,  fiom  Baltimore,  U.S.,  one  of  the  largest 
logs  of  Black  Walnut  imported  into  the  Clyde.  Its 
extreme  measure  is  17  feet  long,  42  inches  broad, 
containing  over  200  cubic  feet,  calliper  measurement. 
To  those  interested  in  trees  it  will  not  onlv  ajipear 
a  rare,  but  also  a  valuable  specimen. 


Trees  and  Shrubs. 

EVERGREEN   OAKS. 

We  have  on  various  occasions  mentioned  the 
Japanese  Evergreen  Oaks  cultivated  at  Combe  Wood 
by  Messrs.  Veitch,  some  indeed  of  which  have  been 
described  in  our  columns  for  the  first  time;  but 
they  are  so  handsome  and  useful,  and  withal  so  little 
known,  that  we  shall  be  doing  a  service  by  calling 
attention  to  them  again, 

(I  (jiahea  latifolia  has  bold,  obovate-oblong 
leaves,  of  firm  substance  and  of  yellowish-green 
colour.     It  would  probably  make  a  good  town  tree. 

Q.  Iliien/eri  has  leaves  thinner,  lanceolate,  dark 
shiiiing  green,  with  reddish  footstalks. 

Q.  cimpidata  has  ovate  acuminate  leaves,  dark 
green  above,  covered  with  pale  reddish-brown  scales 
on  the  under  surface. 

Q.  ciispklata  variegata  is  a  very  attractive  plant, 
with  shortly-stalked  lanceolate-acuminate  leaves, 
with  the  disc  green,  and  ft  marginal  variegation  of 
yellow  ;  the  lower  surface  is  pale  yellowish-brown. 

Q.  bamhusifolia  has  elegant  lanceolate-accuminate 
leaves,  finely  dentate  at  the  margins. 

Clkrodendron  teichotosicm. 

A  hardy  shrub,  with  long  stalked  ovate-lanceolate 

crenuhite  softly  hairy   leaves,   and  terminal   forked 

many-flowered  cymes,    Each  flower  is  about  \{  inch 


in  length,  with  the  calyx  much  shorter  than  the 
corolla,  pear-shaped,  with  five  deep  longitudinal 
wings,  and  of  a  dull  purple  colour.  Corolla  with  a 
long  very  slender  purplish  tube,  expanding  into  a 
flat  irregularly  flve-Iobed  cream-coloured  limb.  The 
plant  is  a  native  of  Japan,  and  is  quite  hardy  at 
Combe  Wood. 

POPULCS    BOLLEAKA. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  this  tree,  which 
appears  to  be  a  fastigiate  variety  of  the  common 
white  Poplar,  in  habit  analogous  to  the  Loinbardy 
Poplar.  As  happens  occasionally  in  the  white 
Poplar,  the  lowermost  and  first  formed  leaves  on  the 
shoot  are  sometimes  nearly  or  quite  glabrous,  ivhile 
the  upper  ones  are  densely  covered  with  white  down 
on  the  under  surface. 

Clematis  flammcla  ncnno-jiAuoiNATA. 
A  form  with  the  foliage  of  C.  flaramula,  but  with 
the  flowers  of  a  purple  colour. 

Margaeicakpus  setosus. 
A  curious  little  prostrate  shrub,  well  adapted  for 
covering  rockwork,  or  for  shrubbery  borders.  The 
thicklyset  leaves  are  small,  very  deep  green,  pinnate, 
with  four  or  five  pairs  of  linear,  deep  green  segments 
recurved  at  the  edges.  The  flowers  are  inconspicuous, 
but  are  followed  by  succulent  white  berries  about 
the  size  of  a  small  Pea. 

Salix  akndlakis. 
This  is  a  curious  variety  of  the  common  S.  baby- 
lonica,  in  which  the  leaves  are  rolled  up  from  base  to 
tip,  like  a  ram's-horn.  Occasionally  a  tell-tale  sport 
is  produced  with  flat  leaves,  and  then  the  origin  of 
this  singular  form  is  revealed. 

ViTis  PonpuBEA,  Hort. :  the  Claret  Grape. 
For  richness   of  coloration  nothing   can   surpass 
the  foliage  of  this  variety.    Its  rich  purple  leaves  are 
very  attractive. 

Acer  palmatit.m  rieesiifolium. 
A  sturdy-growing,  low  tree,  with  shortly-stalked, 
deeply  palmately  divided   leaves,    the   five    oblong 
lobes    being    narrow  with    crenate,    dentate,    and 
crumpled  margins. 


The  Apiary. 

PACKING  UP  FOR  WINTER. 
Bv  the  time  this  article  is  read  it  will  be  advis- 
able to  do  all  the  packing  up  for  winter  that  is 
required.  After  the  third  week  in  September  the 
less  bees  are  handled  the  better  will  they  be  in  the 
spring.  Presuming  that  a  natural  supplv  of  food  has 
ere  this  been  attended  to,  and  that  each  hive  has 
a  queen,  it  only  remains  to  cover  the  bees  up  warm. 
Put  over  the  frames  either  a  cle.an  piece  of  unbleached 
calico  or  a  piece  of  American  cloth  with  the 
enamelled  side  downwards  ;  over  this  one  or 
two  layers  of  carpet.  It  is  a  mistake  to 
put  on  too  many  layers  of  carpet— two  are  quite 
suflicient.  See  that  the  roofs  are  waterproof, 
as  bees  will  at  any  time  stand  cold  much 
better  than  damp.  It  is  advisable  to  keep  the  en- 
trance nearly  closed  so  long  as  wasjis  are  about,  for 
they  are  the  most  persevering  of  creatures.  Strong 
colonies  of  bees  can  take  good  care  of  themselves, 
especially  during  the  day,  but  as  wasps  can  stand 
more  cold  than  bees,  they  frequently  go  into  the  hives 
after  the  sentinels  have  retired  for  the  night  to 
warmer  quarters,  and  go  in  the  morning  before 
the  bees  are  awake.  AVhen  all  danger  from  this 
source  is  at  an  end,  there  is  nothing  like  opening 
the  entrance  to  its  full  width.  This  admits  full 
ventilation.  It  is  quite  a  mistake  to  keep  it 
nearly  closed  in  winter.  In  the  case  of  skeps 
a  well-made  hackle  will  make  the  bees  very  com- 
fortable, especially  if  a  pan  or  good  crock  is'put  at 
the  toj).  In  the  northern  jiarts  of  England  and  in 
Scotland,  periiaps,  greater  precautions  are  necessary 


September  2-4,  1887.] 


TEE     OARDEKEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


375 


agaiust  the  severity  of  the  weather,  A  system 
called  clamping  has  been  mentioned  by  thaj-  most 
useful  paper,  the  Bee-Iccepers'  Record.  It  would  onlv 
answer  for  skeps.  It  is  to  dig  a  hole  in  the  ground 
for  the  admittance  of  air,  and  to  put  the  skep  over 
the  hole,  not  down  it.  Then  cover  the  hive  up  with 
several  layers  of  leaves,  and  then  some  earth  over 
all,  something  as  Potatos  are  covered  up.  Leave 
them  like  this  from  about  the  beginning  of  November 
till  the  beginning  of  April,  hut  the  weather  must 
be  taken  as  a  little  guide  in  this  matter.  If  you  desire 
to  give  them  more  air.  a  pipe  may  be  inserted  in 
the  hole  to  communicate  with  the  outer  atmospliere, 
but  it  must  not  be  large  enough  to  admit  a  mouse,  or 
your  clamping  may  cost  you  your  hive.  This 
expeiiment  has  been  tried,  and  found  to  succeed. 
Bees  have  been  wintered  well,  and  the  hives  have 
only  been  a  very  little  lighter  when  put  on  their 
stands  again.  There  are  some  winters  when,  per- 
haps, this  method  would  not  succeed  as  well  as 
others.  In  the  case  of  a  beginner,  who  perhaps  only 
has  his  one  little  ewe  Iamb,  I  would  not  advise  it; 
but  where  a  bee-keeper  has  many  hives,  it  would  be 
worth  his  while  to  clamp  two  or  three.   Walter  Chitty, 

The  Flower  Garden. 


Peopagation. — Should  any  part  of  the  stock  of 
Verbenas  and  other  soft-wooded  subjects  have 
rooted  badly  cuttings  may  still  be  put  in;  those, 
however,  will  now  require  the  aid  of  a  slight  bottom- 
heat,  and  will  also  require  more  careful  management 
during  the  winter.  If  any  of  the  earlier  rooted  batch 
are  likely  to  be  overcrowded  in  the  cutting-pots,  it 
would  be  better  to  transplant  them  into  cutting- 
pans,  in  order  to  maintain  them  in  health.  Those 
subjects  are  better  left  standing  out-of-doors  as  long 
as  possible,  but  some  old  sashes  should  be  placed  over 
them  to  protect  them  from  heavy  rain.  Cuttings  of 
Gazania  splendens  may  be  put  in  to  strike  now,  and 
as  the  plant  is  all  but  hardy,  it  only  requires  the 
protection  of  a  sash  and  a  sprinkling  of  straw  to 
keep  it  during  the  severest  frosts.  Towards  the  end 
of  the  month  cuttings  of  Calceolarias  may  be  put  in, 
but  the  middle  of  next  month  will  not  be  too  late. 
If  cuttings  be  put  in  too  early  the  roots  are  apt  to 
become  matted  before  it  is  time  to  transplant  thum  in 
spring.  The  best  position  to  strike  these  is  on  the 
north  side  of  a  wall  where  the  sun  cannot  reach 
them.  Set  the  trame  on  a  hard  bottom,  and  fill  to 
within  8  inches  of  the  top  with  half  decayed  leaf-soil. 
On  the  top  of  this  put  2  to  3  inches  of  fine  soil, 
principally  leaf-mould,  with  a  good  proportion  of 
sand,  finishing  off  with  about  1  inch  of  sharp  silver- 
sand,  if  procurable,  but  any  other  kind  will  do^ 

Turfing  and  Levelling  of  Lawns, — This  work  may 
now  be  proceeded  with  as  circumstances  will  allow. 
Where  any  hollows  are  to  be  filled  up,  the  soil  added 
must  be  well  trodden  down,  and  rammed  with  a  rammer 
to  prevent  subsidence.  See  that  turves  are  cut  of  uni- 
form thickness  to  secure  a  good  level  surface.  Lawns 
will  now  require  to  be  frequently  swept  to  rid  them 
of  fallen  leaves.  Do  not  allow  the  grass  to  grow  too 
long  at  this  season,  else  it  will  become  soft  in 
texture,  and  no  kind  of  mowing-machine  will  then 
make  good  work.  Let  the  verge  clippers  accompany 
the  lawn-mower,  but  forbear  the  use  of  the  edging- 
iron  at  so  late  a  period,  as  the  new  edges  are  certain 
to  crumble  down  with  the  frost. 

Hose  Cuttings. — From  now  to  the  middle  of  Octo- 
ber is  the  best  time  in  all  the  year  in  which  to  put 
in  cuttings  of  hybrid  perpetual  and  other  Roses. 
Any  good  free  sandy  rich  garden  soil  will  suit  them. 
In  selecting  cuttings,  choose  the  strong  shoots  which 
spring  from  the  base  of  the  plants.  Do  not  cut 
those  oft' with  a  knife,  but  twist  them  oft'with  a  heel ; 
slightly  trim  the  edges  with  a  knife,  but  do  not  cut 
away  more  than  is  necessary.  Trim  the  leaves  off 
the  cuttings  for  about  5  inches  up,  but  leave  the 
eyes  intact;  cut  the  top  off,  leaving  the  cutting  from 
10  to  12  inches  long.  Perhaps  the  best  way  to  put 
them  in  the  ground  is  to  cut  a  notch  about  G  inches 
deep,  in  this  place  a  few  spadefuls  of  sharp  sand  to 
assist  rooting  ;  place  the  soil  firmly  against  the  face 
of  the  cutting,  and  tread  it  firmly  with  the  foot.  Should 
severe  weather  set  in,  a  few  Spruce  or  evergreen 
branches  or  other  protection  should  be  given  them, 
and  should  the  weather  be  dry,  a  little  water  may  be 
necessary  in  early  spring.  By  the  middle  of  summer 
they  will  be  sufficiently  rooted  to  look  after  them- 


selves, Teas,  Bourbons,  and  other  tender  varieties 
may  be  struck  in  a  similar  manner,  but  a  frame  or 
handlights  had  better  bo  used.  Do  not,  however, 
attempt  to  strike  any  of  the  above  with  artificial  heat. 
jr.  M.  BaiUie,  Luton  Hoo  Gardens, 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Bush  FnuiTs. —  In  all  well-ordered  gardens  a 
certain  number  of  the  oldest  of  these  ought  to  be 
destroyed  annually,  and  an  equal  number  of  young 
bushes  planted.  It  is  a  great  mistake  to  keep  old 
bushes  of  these  too  long,  which  have  to  be  hacked 
and  cut  to  keep  them  witiiin  bounds,  and  which 
present  only  at  their  best  but  a  sorry  appearance, 
and  yield  but  a  light  crop  of  fruit,  whereas  young 
trees  will  generally  yield  good  crops  of  finer  fruit 
the  second  year  after  planting.  Neither  should 
young  trees  be  planted  on  ground  that  has  been 
occupied  by  old  ones  for  numbers  of  years ;  like 
other  garden  crops,  they  are  all  the  better  for  change 
of  ground,  and  will  yield  more  satisfactory  results. 
Now  is  the  time  to  make  arrangements  for  the  work 
of  planting.  I  make  a  practice  of  planting  a  certain 
number  of  varieties  of  Currants,  Gooseberries,  &c., 
annually,  destroying  an  equal  quantity  of  the  oldest 
of  these,  and  plant  them  in  long  rows  a  good  distance 
apart  between  the  rows,  so  that  they  are  easily  netted 
in  their  entire  length,  and  I  crop  the  ground  next  to 
the  last  row  of  bushes,  so  that  it  can  be  easily  cleared 
for  the  next  planting  of  bushes. 

li'iot  Pruning. — After  such  a  season  as  the  present 
I  rind,  after  carefully  examining  the  roots  of  most 
kinds  of  fruit  trees,  that  little  of  this  will  require  to 
be  done  this  season,  most  fruit  trees  being  well 
studded  with  fruit-buds,  and  in  many  soils,  espe- 
cially gravelly  ones,  many  trees  have  existed  with 
difficulty,  so  that  it  would  be  unwise  to  prune  the 
roots  excepting  where  it  is  considered  to  be  abso- 
lutely necessary.  This  operation  should  be  per- 
formed at  twice,  taking  half  the  tree  now,  and  the 
other  half  next  autumn.  No  exact  rule  can  be  given 
for  the  work,  as  the  size  of  the  tree  must  be  con- 
sidered, but  a  trench  must  be  got  out  sufficiently  wide 
to  enable  the  operator  to  work  his  spade  under  the 
ball  of  the  trees,  and  sever  all  roots  having  a  downward 
tendency,  and  the  roots  must  also  be  protected  from 
excessive  drying  during  the  operation.  In  filling-in 
again  I  find  it  the  best  plan  to  work-in  one  or  two 
barrowloads  of  fresh  loam  amongst  the  roots  of  each 
tree,  which  soon  becomes  a  mass  of  fibrous  roots. 
The  operation  should  be  performed  with  as  much 
dispatch  as  possible.  E.  Ward,  Hewell,  Bromsgrove. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


Vineries. — There  is  not  much  to  be  done  in  these 
except  to  maintain  a  somewhat  dry  and  airy 
atmosphere,  and  to  water  the  inside  border  about 
twice  in  the  month  with  clear  water.  This  watering 
should  be  done  in  the  morning,  and  if  the  weather 
should  be  dull  at  the  time  the  tires  should  be  lighted, 
so  as  to  heat  the  water  in  the  pipes  sufficiently  to 
prevent  the  condensation  of  moisture  on  the  berries. 
Examine  the  bunches  two  or  three  times  a  week  for 
decayed  berries,  also  remove  spider-webs,  which, 
if  allowed  to  remain,  would  disfigure  and  render  the 
bunches  dirty. 

Melons  in  Fraincs. — The  fine  weather  which  we 
have  been  having  the  last  few  days  has  been  favour- 
able to  Melon  growing  in  uuheated  pits  and  frames. 
Water  must  be  used  very  sparingly,  but  should  the 
plants  be  likely  to  suffer  for  want  of  water  at 
the  roots,  let  it  be  given  before  mid-day,  at  all 
events  sufficiently  early  to  allow  of  the  foliage  be- 
coming dry  before  nightfall,  or  mildew  would  be 
likely  to  appear,  and  canker,  also,  might  ensue.  Do 
not  wait  the  approach  of  tiie  latter,  but,  as  a  pre- 
ventive, and  a  cure  if  necessary,  place  a  mixture  of 
quick-lime  and  fresli  soot  around  the  collar  of  each 
plant,  which  will  absorb  any  excess  of  moisture  that 
there  may  be  on  or  about  the  stems.  As  a  rule. 
Melons  grown  in  frames  or  unheated  are  not  of  much 
account  after  this  date,  and  making  up  the  linings 
with  a  view  of  imparting  heat  to  the  interior  of  the 
frame  is  not  calculated  to  improve  the  quality  of  the 
ripening  fruits,  but,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  calculated 
to  produce  the  opposite  effect,  inasmuch  as  the  steam 
or  ammonia  vapour,  which  arises  in  the  frames  and 
settles  upon  the  fruits  in  proportion  to  the  tempera- 


ture produced  by  tlie  frequent  making  up  of  the 
linings  witli  fermenting  materials,  is  tantamount  to 
a  humid  and  stagnant  atmosphere. 

Late  Melons  in  Houses. — The  plants  for  supplying 
Melons  through  the  last  few  weeks  of  October  and 
into  December  will  now  be  coming  into  flower, 
thereby  necessitating  a  drier  and  airier  atmosphere 
in  the  house,  and  the  expanded  blossoms  should 
be  fertilised  about  mid-day.  wlien  the  pollen  is  dry, 
until  sufficient  fruit  to  form  the  crop  is  secured, 
when  the  conditions  as  regards  moisture  and  tem- 
perature should  be  reversed.  The  shoots  must  be 
kept  thinned  and  stopped ;  the  plants  should  be 
damped  overhead  morning  and  afternoon,  but  of 
course  less  heavily  than  was  required  si.K  weeks 
ago,  and  a  minimum  temperature  of  70°  should 
be  maintained,  and  5°  higher  by  day,  with  fire- 
heat,  running  it  up  to  8.5°,  air  being  then  given.  H. 
W.  Ward. 


Colonial  Notes. 


TRINIDAD. 

We  are  glad  to  see  that,  acting  on  the  suggestion 
of  the  Governor,  Mr.  Hart,  the  newly  appointed 
Director  of  the  botanical  establishment  in  that  island, 
has  been  addressing  the  cultivators  on  the  subject  of 
the  minor,  or,  as  Mr.  Hart  prefers  to  call  them,  the 
subsidiary  industries  of  the  island.  Mr.  Hart  advo- 
cated amongst  other  things  the  opening  up  of  a  trade 
in  Bananas,  such  as  is  carried  on  with  success  in 
Jamaica.  It  was  stated  in  the  discussion  which 
followed,  that  the  Castor-oil  plant  grew  plentifully 
in  Trinidad,  but  as  no  one  collected  the  seed,  the 
chemists  imported  them  from  Europe  !  Mr.  Hart, 
while  advocating  the  retention  ot  the  staple  in- 
dustries, sugar  and  cocoa  growing,  urged  the  develop- 
ment of  various  other  economic  products  on  a  small 
scale.  Mr.  Hart's  advice  seems  very  judicious,  and 
his  experience  in  Jamaica  lends  great  weight  to  his 
utterances. 

Report  ov  the  Foeest  Department,  Singapore. 
Mr.  Cantley's  report  for  1886  gives  an  interesting 
history  of  the  formation  of  this  department  and  of 
the  progress  already  made.  Notes  and  a  detailed  list 
of  economic  plants  and  Palms  cultivated  in  the 
garden  are  appended. 

Botanic  Gardens,  Jamaica. 

The  number  of  the  Bulletin  of  tlie  Botanical 
SepartiHfnt,  Jamaica,  which  has  just  reached  us, 
contains  a  list  of  economic  and  medicinal  plants 
cultivated  in  the  Botanic  Gardens,  and  of  the  varieties 
of  Sugar-cane.  General  directions  for  planting  are 
also  given. 

Sydney. 

In  1883  Mr.  Charles  Moore,  of  the  Sydney  Botanic 
Gardens,  described  several  new  Cycads  belonging  to 
the  M.  plumosa  group,  and  wliich  we  noted  at  the 
time  as  being  handsome  garden  plants.  Examples 
of  each  were  sent  to  Kew,  but  these,  we  learn,  were 
destroyed  by  the  borer  figured  in  the  Gardeners^ 
Chronicle,  Jan.  1,  1887,  p.  13.  Recently  a  second  lot 
of  them  have  been  sent  to  Kew,  and  along  with 
them  some  interesting  notes  by  Mr.  Moore,  which, 
through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Dyer,  we  are  enabled  to 
publish.     Mr.  Moore  writes  : — 

"  All  the  Macrozamias  asked  for  by  you  have 
been  sent,  as  well  as  others.  They  have  been  in  cul- 
tivation here  side  by  side  for  more  than  two  years 
past,  and  all  continue  to  exhibit  permanent  and  dis- 
tinct characters.  There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind 
that  M.  secunda,  M.  Fawcettii,  and  M.  flexuosa  are 
good  species,  but  as  to  M.  heteromera  I  am  greatly 
puzzled,  as  it  seems  to  vary  in  character  from  that 
of  M.  secunda  to  M.  Paulo  Gulielmi.  Whether  these 
forms  are  really  distinct  from  all  others  remains  to 
be  proved ;  but  so  far,  in  my  opinion,  they  are 
entitled  to  be  regarded  as  true  species  and  varieties 
of  the  same,  i.e.,  forms  of  one  distinct  species.  That 
from  the  Narrabri  district  is  very  interesting,  as  in 
several  of  the  plants  the  pinnffi  are  in  some  instances 
trifurcate. 

"  The  Palm  (Caryota  sp.)  from  the  New  Hebrides 


376 


THE     GABDENEEH'     CHBONICLE. 


[Sf.ptembeu  iH,  1887. 


is  very  beautiful,  and  of  robust  cliaracter.  It  was 
noticed  by  me  some  tiiirty-six  years  ago,  but  I  never 
could  get  young  plants  till  lately. 

"  Alsophila  robusta  was  regarded  by  Sir  Joseph 
Hooker  as  identical  with  A.  excelsa,  but  its  cultiva- 
tion here  proves  it  to  be  a  distinct  species  of  ranch 
stouter  cliaracter,  and  I  have,  therefore,  named  it  A. 
robusta.     It  is  a  native  of  Lord  Howe's  Island. 

"  Todea  Moorei  is  also  from  the  same  place,  and, 
in  my  o])inion.  is  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the 
genus.  For  its  successful  cultivation  in  the  Old 
Country  it  will  require  the  same  treatment  as  the 
Killarney  Fern." 

I  cannot  perceive  any  difference  between  tlii^ 
Todea  and  that  named,  by  the  late  Jlr.  T.  Mooie, 
T.  graudipinuula.  A  Jigure  and  description  of  this 
beautiful  Fern  will  be  fouud  in  the  GarJciitr/ 
Chrcnic/e.   »'.  (K. 


The  Rock  Garden. 

ANDROSACE  FOLIOS  A. 
This  plant,  which  Sir  J.  Hooker  places  under  A. 
sarmentosa  as  a  variety,  is  very  different  from  the 
latter  plant  in  its  behaviour  under  cultivation.  In 
the  first  place  it  flowers  through  the  season;  in  the 
second  place,  instead  of  throwing  out  tufted  stolons 
like  a  Strawberry,  it  is  comp.act  in  its  growth,  but 
shows  its  foliose  propensities  by  making  tufts  of 
leaves  amongst  the  pedicels  of  the  umbel.  Several 
secondary  umbels  ai'e  sometimes  thrown  out  from 
the  margin  of  the  primary  umbel,  after  the  manner 
of  Hen-and-Chickens  Daisy.  I  enclose  three  heads 
in  illustration  of  this  note.  C.  Wollcy  Dud,  Edge  Hall, 
Malpas,  September  18.  [Is  this  leafy  prolificatiou 
constant  elsewhere  ?  Ed.] 


A  NEW  INSECT  INFESTING  THE 
BULBS   OF  EUniAr.I.S   CANDIO.V. 

In  the  early  spring  of  the  present  year  we  received 
from  W.  B.  Grove,  Esq.,  of  Mason  College,  Birming- 
ham, a  bulb  of  Eucharis  Candida,  which  had  been 
imported  with  others  from  Africa,  and  which,  on 
inspection,  was  found  to  contain  a  number  of  objects 
of  an  elongated  oval  shape,  pointed  at  one  end  and 
rather  obtusely  rounded  at  the  other.  They  were 
thickly  implanted  in  rows  between  the  scales,  and 
there  were  as  many  as  fifty  in  a  single  bulb.  These 
objects  were  about  5-12ths  of  an  inch  (or  11  mille- 
metres)  long,  mostly  rather  flattened,  and  having 
much  the  appearance  of  narrow  Melon  seeds.  At 
first  they  were  considered  as  the  pupa;  of  some 
dipterous  species  of  insect,  but  as  the  bulbs  curiously 
enough  seemed  quite  uninjured,  no  sign  of  gnawing 
or  boring  being  visible,  such  an  opinion  was  un- 
tenable. The  outer  covering  of  the  objects  was 
membranaceous,  and  was  found  to  consist,  when 
examined  microscopically,  of  a  single  layer  of  cells, 
and  the  inner  coating  was  chitinous,  as  is  the  ordi- 
nary condition  of  insect-egg  cases,  within  which  was 
found  a  number  of  yelk  masses.    (.See  fig.  8l'.) 

About  the  middle  of  May  we  received  from  iMi'. 
Grove  full  confirmation  of  the  egg  nature  of  these 
bodies,  which,  having  been  left  untouched,  produced 
a  number  of  minute  gi-asshoppers  in  the  larva  state. 
These  minute  active  larva;  are  8  millimetres  (not 
quite  one-third  of  an  inch)  long ;  of  a  very  delicate 
pea-green  colour ;  down  the  middle  of  tlie  back  of 
the  thoracic  segments  is  a  slender,  slightly  darker 
line,  which  widens  and  becomes  much  darker  down 
the  middle  of  the  dorsum  of  the  abdomen,  having  on 
each  side  of  it,  in  this  part  of  the  body,  a  broad 
golden-yellow  band  extending  to  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen,  where  are  two  small  conical  processes,  one 
at  each  side.  The  head  is  pointed  in  front,  and  the 
very  slender  green  antenna;  are  rather  longer  than 
the  entire  bodj'. 

The  position  of  the  eggs  of  these  grasshoppers  in 
the  bulb  is  easily  to  be  accounted  for.  The  perfect 
insect  is  provided  with  a  long,  homy,  sabre-shaped 
ovipositor,  which  it  thrusts  into  the  ground  to  find  a 


fit  receptacle  for  the  eggs,  and  having  come  in  con- 
tact with  the  scales  of  the  Eucharis  bulb,  it  went  on 
laying  them  in  rows.  Doubtless,  had  the  bulbs 
remained  in  their  native  places  the  young  grass- 
hoppers would,  as  soon  as  hatched,  have  commenced 
feeding  on  the  foliage  of  the  plants  close  at  hand,  if 
not  on  that  of  the  Eucharis. 

From  the  minute  size  of  the  young  insects  and 
want  of  proper  food  they  soon  died,  and  we  can  only 
judge  of  their  systematic  name  and  position  by  tlie 
lengtli  of  the  anteuua;,  and  the  pointed  front  of  tlii' 
head,  which  lead  us  to  refer  them  to  a  species  of  the 
genus  Conocephalus  (nearly  allied  to  ourgi'eat  green 
grasshopper,  Gryllus  viridissimus,  Linn.).  They  are 
also  nearly  akin  to  the  genus  Copiophora,  a  species 
of  which,  C.  cornuta,  a  native  of  Brazil,  is  occa- 
sionally found  in  hothouses  in  this  country,  as  de- 
tailed in  our  article  on  that  insect  in  the  Cfardcners' 
Chronkh.  August  16,  18.84.  /.  0.  W. 


Scotland. 


DUNDEE    HORTICULTURAL   SOCIETY. 

Septejiber  1,  !2,  .\ND  ^. — This  Society's  autumn 
sliow,  held  in  the  Drill  Hall,  Dundee,  was  of  the 
usual  extensive  and  representative  character.  The 
entries  wei'e  several  hundreds  in  excess  of  those  of 
last  year,  and  the  cjuality  in  some  of  the  classes  was 
never  before  surpassed,  the  competition  being  very 
keen,  especially  in  vegetables,  fruit,  and  cut  flowers. 
The  vegetables  were  a  show  in  themselves,  as  they 
always  are  at  Dundee  flower  sliows.  The  Society 
gives  liberal  encoui-agement  to  this  departmeut. 

Plants  may  be  said  to  be  the  weak  points  of  the 
show ;  they  were  not  numerous,  considering  the 
number  of  excellent  collections  there  are  around 
Dundee,  but  they  were  of  fair  excellence  as  regards 
culture  and  selection.  In  the  nurserymen's  class  the 
most  imjjortant  prize  was  for  a  table  of  plants 
arranged  for  eft'ect,  which  was  taken  by  Messrs. 
Laird  &  Sinclair,  Dundee,  whose  table  was  composed 
of  very  neat,  well  grown  young  stock  of  higly  coloured 
Crotons,  Dracsenas,  Palms,  Aralias,  Hydrangea, 
pauiculata  grandiflora.  Ericas,  and  otlier  flowering 
plauts,  arranged  with  excellent  taste  on  a  ground- 
work of  dwarf  Ferns.  Table  plants  were  well  exhi- 
bited by  Messrs.  Dickson  &  Turnbull,  Perth  ;  Laird 
&  Sinclair,  and  D.  &  W.  Croll.  Dundee,  who  shared 
the  honours  in  the  order  named. 

The  chief  prize  in  the  gardeners'  class  for  plants 
was  that  for  a  table,  15  feet  by  8  feet,  arranged  for 
efi"ect;  the  1st  position  was  easily  secured  by  Mr. 
AUion,  gr.,  Seaview,  Monifeith,  whose  table  was 
composed  of  admirably  grown  stuff"  of  the  usual 
stamp  of  stove  and  greenhouse  foliage  and  flowering 
plants.  The  airangement  was  light,  graceful,  and 
pleasing.  Mr.  Allison  was  also  an  easy  winner  of  the 
1st  prize  in  the  class  of  nine  stove  and  greenhouse 
plants,  and  took  the  same  position  in  the  class  of  si.\ 
exotic  Ferns,  bis  set  containing  fine  specimens  of 
Adiantum  Farleyense,  Gleichenia  rupestris  glauces- 
cens,  5  feet  through  ;  and  G.  dicarpa,  4  feet  through, 
admirably  grown. 

Variegated  Pelargoniums  we  have  never  seen  better 
grown  and  coloured — their  neatness,  freshness,  and 
finish  left  nothing  to  be  desired — Mr.  Buchan,  gr. 
Ilermon  Hill,  West  Ferry,  taking  the  1st  prize  with 
a  very  well  selected  distinct  lot.  Cockscombs  were 
numerous  and  of  exceptionally  good  quality — colour, 
size,  and  substance  of  comb  being  excellent  and  the 
growth  superior — Jlr.  Kennedy,  gr.  Ardarroch,  taking 
1st  prize  under  keen  competition. 

Cut  Flowers. — In  the  nurserymen's  classes  the 
Hoses  and  Dahlias  from  Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sons, 
Aberdeen,  were  very  fine,  and  their  exhibits  easily 
took  first  honours.  The  Dahlias  were  very  remark- 
able for  their  great  size  and  perfect  symmetry,  as 
well  as  for  their  purity  of  colour.  The  same  firm 
also  took  1st  prize  in  the  competition  for  eighteen 
bunches  of  hardy  herbaceous  blooms,  with  an  im- 
posing stand  of  well-selected  species ;  and  in  bed- 
ding Violas  they   were  again    placed    1st    with    a 


superior  lot,  neatly  dressed  with  their  own  foliage. 
Messrs.  D.  &  W.  Croll  carried  1st  position  in 
Gladioli  with  eighteen  handsome  spikes.  Pansies, 
considering  the  dry  season  and  the  date  of  the  show, 
were  very  good,  particularly  those  of  the  leading 
amateurs,  some  of  whom  entered  the  lists  with  gar- 
deners, and  carried  off"  the  honours.  Asters,  both 
quilled  and  Chrysanthemum,  were  numerous,  and 
fairly  good,  considering  the  dry  nature  of  the 
weather  up  till  recently.  Peutstemons,  Phloxes, 
Stocks,  and  Antirrhinums  were  also  numerous,  but 
all  bearing  marks  of  the  adverse  season. 

Fr?iil,  except  Pines,  was  abundant  in  all  classes, 
(irapi's  «,ir  ].  iiiiirkably  fine — Muscats  hardly  up  to 
perl'ii  iii.ii  ill  liiii-li.  mo.«t  of  them  being  somewhat 
short  111  ri|irni  sv,  liut  in  bunch  and  berry  large  and 
well  giowii,  black  varieties  being  also  well  bloomed. 
The  1st  prize  for  a  collection  of  eight  varieties  went 
to  Mr.  Williamson,  gr.,  Tarvit ;  and  the  2nd  to  M)'. 
Koss,  gr.,  St.  Martin's.  Mr.  John  Leslie,  gr.  to  A. 
Coats,  Esq.,  Perth,  took  the  1st  position  in  the  class 
of  four  varieties  of  Grapes,  his  set  containing  re- 
markably fine  samples  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria, 
Madresfield  Court,  and  Lady  Downe's.  The  class  of 
two  bunches  Black  Hamburghs  was  very  closely  con- 
tested by  Mr.  Benvie,  gr.,  Murie,  Errol,  and  Mr.  Christi- 
son,  gr.,  Brackenbrae,  Broughty  Ferry,  who  stood  1st 
and  2ndrespectively,  with  excellent  lots.  The  1st  prize 
for  two  bunches  Lady  Downe'swas  easily  taken  by  Mr. 
Bruuton,  gr.,  Ilallyburton  ;  .and  for  two  bunches  of 
Muscat  of  Alexandria  M;*.  Leslie  w'as  a  good  1st. 
Among  the  classes  for  single  bunches  Mr.  Eddie,  gr., 
Balruddery,  took  1st  prize  for  Muscat  of  Alexandria 
with  a  splendid  bunch.  Melons  were  numerous  and 
good.  In  the  class  for  scarlet-flesh  the  1st  prize 
went  to  Mr.  Whitecross,  gr.,  Pitpointie ;  and  for 
green-flesh  to  Mr.  Harper,  gr.,  Bankfoot.  The 
various  classes  of  Peaches  and  Nectarines  from  undt  r 
glass  were  well  represented,  but  space  forbids  par- 
ticularising, and  the  same  remarks  apply  to  Apples, 
Plums.  Pears,  and  other  hardy  fruits. 

In  the  amateurs'  section  for  hardy  fruits  there 
were  numerous  entries  and  keen  competition.  The 
quality  generally  was  superior,  especially  in  Apples, 
which,  both  in  dessert  and  culinary  varieties,  were 
excellent. 

Trffetahles. — These,  as  lias  already  been  remarked, 
were  a  notable  feature  of  the  show.  Roots  weie 
perhaps  the  most  remarkable.  Beetroot,  Carrots, 
Parsnips  and  (Juious  were  simply  perfect  in 
their  cleanness  and  symmetry  and  other  ])oints  of 
quality,  including  size.  Parsnips  almost  .'J  feet  in 
length,  perfectly  clean  and  round  ;  Onions  17  inches 
in  circumference,  and  Cauliflowersll  inches  diameter, 
without  a  flaw,  may  be  mentioned  as  among  the  more 
conspicuous  samples  of  high  culture  presented  in 
both  the  gardeners'  and  amateurs'  sections.  The  1st 
])rize  in  the  gardenei-s'  class  for  a  collection  of  twelve 
kinds  went  to  Mr.  AVm.  Low,  gr.,  Viewforth,  Stirling 
— a  grand  lot ;  and  in  the  amateurs'  class  to  Mr.  P. 
Anton,  Baledgaruo,  for  an  excellent  lot  of  six  kinds. 

North  oe    Scotl.vnd  HoBTitri.TunAL    Assocution. 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  Society  was  held  at 
Aberdeen  on  Friday  evening,  16th  inst.  There  was 
a  full  muster  of  members,  and  the  President  of  the 
Society,  Mr.  Robson,  occupied  the  chair. 

Mr.  William  Reid,  the  Secretary,  read  the  annual 
report  which  showed  that  at  the  earlier  part  of  the 
season  the  meetings  were  well  attended,  and  that 
instructive  papers  were  read,  and  discussions  took 
place  which  were  of  great  benefit  to  the  members. 
A  recommendation  would  be  submitted  for  the 
change  of  the  dates  of  some  of  the  meetings,  so  as 
to  make  them  more  suitable  for  the  convenience  of 
gardeners.  Altogether  there  had  been  fourteen 
papers  read  on  horticultural  and  kindred  subjects, 
and  during  the  year  thirty  new  members  had  been 
added  to  the  Society. 

The  Treasurer,  Mr.  Wyllie,  submitted  a  statement 
of  the  accounts,  showing  that  after  meeting  all 
liabilities  there  was  a  balance  of  £25  Us.  Sf.d,  to  the 
credit  of  the  Society. 

The   Chairman,  in   moving  the   adoption   of  tlie 


SEPTEStBEE  !^^,   1887.1 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


mi 


report,  congratulated  the  Association  on  the  com- 
pletion of  another  year  of  very  satisfactory  work 
and  progress. 

Mr.  D.  JI.  Smitli  seconded  the  motion,  whicli  was 
unanimously  adopted. 

t)n  tiie  proposal  of  Jlr.  A.  Grigor,  the  Secre- 
tiryand  Treasurer  were  thanlced  for  the  excellent 
way  in  which  they  had  discharged  their  respective 
duties. 

The  npiJointment  of  office-bearers  was  then  pro- 
ceeded with,  and  Lord  Aberdeen  was  re-elected 
Patron:  Jlr.  Cocker  (of  Messrs.  Cocker  &  Sous), 
President ;  Jlr.  D.  M.  Smith,  Vice-President :  Mr. 
John  Keid,  Secretary;  Mr.  ^Vyllie,  Treasurer;  and 
Mr.  Robson,  Aberdeen,  Jlr.  George,  of  Ashley,  Jlr. 
Thomson,  Mr.  Skene,  Craigiebuckler,  and  JIi-.  A. 
Grigor,  members  of  committee,  in  room  of  those 
wjiose  turn  it  was  to  retire  this  year.  In  recog- 
nition of  the  valuable  services  rendered  by  Jlr. 
Hobson  during  the  year  as  President,  he  was  elected 
an  honorary  Vice-l*resident. 

A  programme  for  the  current  year,  so  far  as  yet 
arranged,  was  read  by  the  Secretary.  Two  Gold 
Jledals  were  offered  by  the  Association  for  compe- 
tition to  commemorate  the  Jubilee  year,  and  the 
result  was  announced  as  follows  : — For  the  best  essay 
on  "  The  Principal  Points  to  be  considered  in  Judging 
Truit,  Flowers,  Plants,  and  J^'egetables,"  gained  by 
Jlr.  Thomas  K.  Sims,  Banchory  ;  and  the  other  to 
the  member  who  should  produce  a  plan  for  the  best 
arrangement  of  a  kitchen  garden,  not  to  exceed 
1  acre  in  extent,  with  a  list  of  the  trees  and  small 
fruit  bushes  best  suited  to  the  various  exposures,  and 
a  brief  description  of  their  mode  of  management, 
was  awarded  to  Jlr.  John  Jlackay,  gi'.,  JVestwood, 
Queen's  Cross.  A  ]iroposal  to  hold  the  meetings 
fortniglitly  during  the  winter  months  was  adopted. 
A  vote  of  thanks  having  been  awarded  to  Mr.  Robson 
for  presiding,  the  proceedings  terminated. 

Royal  Hoeticultukal  Society  of  Adeedeen. 

The  autumn  exhibition  of  this  Society  was  held  in 
the  JIusic  Hall  Buildings,  Aberdeen,  on  Friday  and 
Saturday,  16th  and  17th  inst..  Sheriff'  Brown,  Aber- 
deen, opened  the  proceedings  on  Friday,  while  the 
Earl  of  Aberdeen  officiated  at  the  opening  ceremony 
on  Saturday.  The  show  of  this  year  was  of  a  highly 
superior  character,  both  in  regard  to  the  number  of 
entries  and  the  quality  of  the  exhibits.  The  total 
number  of  entries  was  1494,  as  against  1318  for  last 
year,  showing  an  increase  of  176.  These  entries  re- 
presented about  20,000  individual  exhibits.  In  the 
large  hall  a  magnificent  display  was  made,  and  the 
more  imposing  specimens  of  plants  in  bloom 
were  arranged  to  sliow  to  the  best  advan- 
tage. Below  the  gallery  tables  extended  right  round 
the  three  sides  of  the  room,  that  on  the  south  side 
being  occupied  with  cut  flowers,  and  those  on  the 
north  and  east  sides  being  devoted  to  the  accommo- 
dation of  vegetables.  Immediately  in  front  of  the 
orchestra  a  table  was  also  ranged  bearing  numerous 
specimens  of  cut  flowers  in  full  blossom.  Four 
large  tables  were  ranged  along  the  centre  of  tlie 
building,  and  were  occupied  with  jjot  plants,  cut 
flowers,  and  Potatos  ;  the  latter  was  one  of  the  mo.st 
distinctive  features  of  the  whole  exhibition.  The 
square  room,  directly  adjoining  the  large  hall,  was 
given  np  to  the  exhibits  oi'  fruit,  bouquets,  and 
baskets  of  flowers.  The  table  for  which  a  Silver 
Cup  was  awarded  was  shown  by  Mr.  A.  Grigor,  gr. 
to  JIi-.  A.  0.  Gill,  Fairfield.  The  plants  included 
fine  specimens  of  Crotons,  Orchids,  Palms,  Begonias, 
Dracffinas,  Chrysanthemums,  Ferns,  &c.,  and  were 
really  a  grand  display.  Of  plants  in  pots  for  table 
decoration  there  were  many  fine  clean,  well-grown 
specimens  forward,  and  for  the  best  collection  of  six 
the  Silver  Jledal  was  gained  by  Jlr.  Keid,  Durris 
House.  For  the  collection  of  nine  of  the  same  class 
tlie  leading  place  was  taken  by  Jlr.  James  Leiper, 
gr.  to  Jlr.  J.  Gordon,  of  Craigniyle.  These  plants 
were  a  stsige  in  advance  of  those  sliown  last  vear, 
and  gave  evidence  of  careful  and  skilful  cultivation. 
On  adjoining  tables,  in  the  division  open  to  pro- 
fessional  gardeners,   several   splendid   specimens  of 


Lilium  were  shown,  specially  worthy  of  notice  being 
those  shown  by  Jlr.  Ogg,  Jloiken. 

In  the  nurserymen's  division  there  was  also  a  fine 
display  of  pot  plants  suitable  for  table  decoration, 
and  in  this  department  the  leading  honours  were 
taken  by  Jlessrs.  Cocker  &  Sons.  Aberdeen. 

The  exhibit  of  amateurs  in  plants  for  table  decora- 
tion were  little  if  anything  behind  their  professional 
brethren,  and  in  Yuccas,  Statices  and  Ferns  they  came 
out  strong ;  but  on  tables  placed  beside  the  amateurs' 
exhibits  the  plants  shown  in  the  working  class 
section  completely  outrivalled  those  shown  by  the 
others.  In  this  section  a  specimen  of  the  Lapageria 
rosea,  shown  by  Mr.  W.  Silver,  Auchmill,  was  un- 
doubtedly the  best  shown  in  Aberdeen  for  many 
years.  The  Ferns  and  Pelargoniums  in  this  de- 
partment were  also  good.  Large  sections  of 
the  centre  tables  were  occupied  by  plants  for 
exhibition  only,  and  these  formed  not  the  least 
impoi-tant  feature  of  the  show.  Messrs.  B.  Reid 
&  Co.'s  table  contained  fine  specimens  of  Chrysan- 
themum, Lilium,  Croton,  and  Begonia;  while  on 
Jlessrs.  Cocker  &  Sons'  section  tlie  chief  exhibition 
was  a  fine  set  of  single,  pompon,  and  show  Dahlias, 
with  an  excellent  display  of  herbaceous  plants. 
Jlessrs.  Smitli  &  Sons  also  appeared  well  in  this 
department.  Their  exhibits  included  Liliums,  Car- 
nations, Dahlias,  and  herbaceous  flowers.     The  same 


Fig.  82.— gr.vsshopper  eggs  ix  hulb  of  kucharis 
candida.    (see  p.  376.) 


firm  also  showed  capital  specimens  of  Gladioli  and 
other  cut  flowers. 

An  effective  display  was  made  of  single  and  double 
Dahlias,  Roses,  Orchids,  and  a  very  fine  specimen  of 
the  Oncidium  incurvum,  well  flowered,  belonging  to 
Jlr.  J.  F.  Smith,  gi-.,  Dunecht. 

Vegetables. — The  show  of  these  was  very  good. 
Tlie  collection  containing  twelve  distinct  varieties, 
open  to  professionals  ;  and  the  collections  of  nine 
varieties,  open  to  market  gardeners,  appeared  to  be 
the  best  in  this  section. 

Fruit. — The  display  of  fruit  was  especially  good  as 
regards  several  of  the  exhibits.  The  show  of  Grapes 
was  never  better,  and  in  this  department  Mr.  W.  H. 
Lumsden,of'Balmedie,  carried  oft'all  the  chief  honours. 
Jlr.  A.  Burns,  jun.,  had  also  some  very  fine  bunches. 
Apjdes,  which  were  more  largely  represented  than 
they  had  been  for  many  years  past,  were  well  shaped, 
of  good  size  and  quality.  The  same  has  to  be  said  of 
the  Pears,  and  in  this  section  the  exhibits  by  the 
amateurs  and  the  working-classes  were  equally 
deserving  of  praise  with  the  professionals. 

Grapes  at  Clovemoeds 
Through  the  kindness  of  Jlessrs.  Thomson  I  lately 
had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  their  famous  vineries- - 
a  sight  that  will  not  soon  be  forgotten.  Of  course 
one  expects  to  see  some  good  (irapes  in  Scotland,  and 
especially  at  Clovenfords,  considering  what  has  been 
achieved  by  its  o\vner  in  years  gone  by ;  but  the  crop 
now  ripening  off'  there  is  almost  beyond  conception. 


Several  houses  each  200  feet  in  length  are  full  of  very 
fine  Grapes,  all  of  which  promise  to  finish  oft'equal  to 
exhibition  fruit ;  but  in  the  large  span  houses  of  that 
length  the  greatest  sight  of  all  is  to  be  seen,  as  they 
are  more  lofty  than  the  others,  and  show  off"  the 
cro])  to  greater  perfection.  All  of  them  contain 
more  than  double  the  quantity  any  one  else  would 
allow  to  mature  on  "Vines.  One  of  them  has  5000 
bunches  hanging,  some  very  large,  and  none  of  them 
small  ones.  The  berries  are  also  of  good  size,  and 
not  a  trace  of  shanking  anywhere,  even  with  this 
enormous  crop. 

The  varieties  grown  chiefly  are  Gros  Colmar,  Lady 
Downe's,  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  Duke  of  Buc- 
cleuch  ;  the  latter  Grape,  which  many  complain  of 
as  being  a  shy  fi'uiter,  is  evidently  quite  at  home 
at  Clovenfords,  being  very  fine  in  bunch  and 
berry,  and  of  excellent  quality.  Berries  have 
been  grown  here  of  this  variety  measuring 
:>  inches  in  circumference.  Messrs.  Thomson  do 
not  prune  this  kind  so  closely  as  other  varieties,  and, 
generally  speaking,  they  leave  4  or  5  inches  of  young 
wood.  They  estimate  this  year's  crop  ofGrapes  will  give 
a  total  yield  of  15,000  lb,  and  yet  all  this  is  from  a 
very  small  plot  of  ground,  and  one  looks  in  vain  for 
any  natural  advantages  which  would  account  for  the 
enormous  crop.  The  soil  used  is  loam  from  the 
neighbouring  hills,  containing  plenty  of  fibre,  but  by 
no  means  rich.  The  situation  is  fairly  good,  beingopen 
and  at  the  bottom  of  some  very  steep  hills,  with  a 
dryish  atmosphere,  but  I  failed  to  see  anything 
extraordinary  until  on  appealing  to  my  guide,  Mr. 
John  Thomson,  for  assistance,  he  showed  me  the 
shed  where  the  celebrated  'Vine  manure  is  mixed. 
This  is  used  in  large  quantities,  and  the  effect 
requires  to  be  seen  before  it  can  be  fully  realised. 
Jlessrs.  Thomson  also  find  it  very  beneficial  to 
Strawberries.  Pelargoniums  in  pots.  Orchids,  &c. 
A  large  stock  of  the  latter,  consisting  of  many 
of  the  leading  kinds,  certainly  looked  remark- 
ably healthy  and  clean.  If  any  of  our  Grape- 
growing  friends  choose  Scotland  for  a  holiday 
this  autumn  they  will  do  well  to  pay  Jlessrs.  Thomson 
a  visit,  and  see  for  tliemselves  a  sight  which  is  not 
to  be  equalled  anywhere  at  the  present  time.  W.  H. 
Lifers,  Ketton  Hall,  Slainfoid. 

PeNTSTEMONS    in    the    EDINBtmCiH    NUESEEIES. 

Pentstemons  — like  most,  or,  indeed,  all  other 
florists'  flowers— have  failed  to  come  up  to  their  best 
standard  this  season,  and  spikes  ai-e  comparatively 
weak,  blooms  smaller  and  thinner  in  substance,  and 
deficient  in  colour,  than  in  ordinary  seasons  ;  yet 
they  have  suff'ered  less  from  the  all-prevailing 
drought  tlian  Pansies,  Violas,  and  Phloxes,  all  of 
which  have  proved  to  be  almost  total  failures  where 
their  culture  has  been  merely  that  of  the  open 
border.  Pentstemons  are  fresh  and  gay  in  compari- 
son with  these,  and  may  be  pronounced  the  best 
drought  resisters  of  all  florists'  flowers.  This  was 
forcibly  impressed  on  our  mind  the  other  day  in 
looking  over  the  collections  of  two  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful raisers  and  growers  of  this  valuable  class  of 
flowers,  viz.,  those  of  Mr.  John  Downie,  Beech  Hill, 
and  Messrs.  R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  Pink  Hill, 
Edinburgh. 

In  Jlr.  Downie's  collection  we  noted  the  following 
among  the  new  sorts  of  the  present  season  as  being 
especially  good  : — B.  S.  'Williams,  excellent  spike, 
flowers  large,  rose-crimson,  the  throat  heavily  striped 
with  deep  crimson.  James  JIcGlashan,  bright  rose- 
red,  throat  white,  heavily  striped  with  crimson, 
flowers  medium,  spike  good.  Xestor,  a  gi-and  flower 
dark  rose-salmon,  throat  white.  Rob  Roy,  very 
vigorous  habit  and  fine  spike,  flowers  large  and  finely 
formed,  bright  scarlet,  throat  pure  white.  Rosy 
Gem,  a  very  attractive  sort,  with  bright  rose-crimson 
flowers,  the  throat  white,  and  form  good.  Clara, 
dark  rose,  with  pure  white  throat,  flowers  large,  fine, 
and  spike  good.  Among  last  year's  novelties  sent 
out  by  this  firm  Mrs.  James  Smith  was  remarkable 
for  the  grandness  of  its  spike  ;  the  flowers  are  bright 
red,  throat  white,  striped  deep  crimson.  Of  the 
introductions  of  1885  the  best  as  regards  spike  is 


378 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[SEFTEUfBEH  24,    1887. 


perhaps  La  Eosiere ;  the  flowers  are  rose-scarlet, 
throat  white,  veined  with  crimson.  Pi-obably  tlie 
best  variety  of  any  season,  taking  it  all  in  all,  is 
Andrew  Sinclair,  which  is  now  rather  old  on  the 
lists,  but  as  yet  unsurpassed  for  symmetry  of  flower, 
colour,  .and  size  of  spike ;  the  flowers  are  rose- 
scarlet  delicately  sliaded,  the  throat  heavily  blotched 
with  deep  crimson. 

Tnop.'KOLUji  Mrs.  Peeulks. 

This  is  a  new  bedding  Trop.-colum,  that  has  been 
on  trial  with  Mr.  Downie  for  the  last  two  seasons. 
It  is  of  the  same  habit  as  the  wt-U-known  T.  Vesu- 
vius, but  the  foli.age  is  light,  not  metallic  green,  and 
the  flowers  are  bright  vermilion,  not  the  deep  crim- 
son hue  of  the  latter.  It  is  very  floriferous,  clothing 
itself  liter.^lly  in  its  brilli.-int  flowers. 

With  Messrs.  Laird  we  found  some  pure  viirieties 
of  Pentstemons.  Among  the  new  sorts  of  the  pre- 
sent season  Agnes  Fairgrieve  was  remarkable  for  the 
fulness  of  its  spike  ;  the  flowers  are  also  large  and 
finely  proportioned,  bright  scarlet,  with  deep  crimson 
blotches  in  the  throat.  Edgar  is  a  very  distinct 
purple  flower,  shading  to  bright  blue,  the  throat 
blotched  with  purple-crimson,  spike  very  compact ; 
Genuine,  light  rose,  throat  pencilled  and  blotched, 
with  crimson  flowers,  large  spike,  gr.and  ;  George 
JIcKinnon.  a  remarkably  fine  variety,  flowers  deep 
crimson,  throat  striped  with  purple  ;  Henry  Irving, 
dark  rose,  with  delicately  pencilled  throat ;  Pink 
Hill,  an  attractive  sort  with  light  crimson  flowers, 
throat  white,  lightly  pencilled  with  crimson.  Of 
last  season's  novelties  the  most  meritorious  in  all 
respects  is  Anne  Christian  Maxwell,  a  brilliant 
scarlet  with  white  throat,  the  flowers  large  and 
Gloxinia-like,  and  the  spike  handsome. 

Chrys.inthemum  La  Petite  Makie. 
Both  forms  —  the  yellow  and  the  white —were 
bedded  out  here,  to  test  their  value  as  bedding 
plants,  with  very  satisfactory  results.  The  plants 
were  rather  poor  weaklings  when  put  out,  but  not- 
withstanding the  long-continued  drought,  they 
quickly  made  progress,  and  soon  covered  themselves 
with  flowers.  Strong  plants  turned  out  in  May 
would  flower  at  once,  and  would  continue  to  flower 
to  the  end  of  the  season.  Both  sorts  are  found 
rather  difficult  to  keep  in  pots  over  winter  in  the 
North,  no  matter  how  the  stock  is  managed.  They 
appear  to  lose  their  roots  and  die  ;  but  a  few  stools 
planted  out-of-doors,  or  left  to  winter  fl-here  they 
have  grown  during  summer,  keep  with  perfect  safety, 
and  throw  up  cuttings  readily  when  brought  into 
heat  in  January  or  February. 

picotees  and  carnations  at  plleig  nurseries, 
Edinbdroh. 
Some  new  Picotees  and  Carnations  in  the  hands 
of  Messrs.  Dicksons  &  Co.  are  worthy  of  notice. 
Jubilee,  a  Picotee,  and  a  sport  from  the  well-known 
Red  Braes  variety,  possesses  every  good  quality  of 
the  original — vigorous  habit,  great  freeness  of  flower- 
ing, and  large  well-formed  flowers — but  differs  from 
it  in  having  the  white  ground  colour  delicately 
shaded  and  suff"used  with  purple,  and  in  having  a 
broader  edge  of  a  deeper  tone  of  purple.  It  is  a 
first-class  border  variety.  Scotia  is  a  scarlet  self 
Carnation,  that  will  prove  of  great  value  for  border 
and  decorative  purposes.  The  colour  is  distinct  in 
shade,  tlie  flowers  large  and  full ;  a  most  profuse  and 
continuous  bloomer.  Nellie  Andeison  has  already 
been  noticed  in  these  pages.  It  is  unquestionably 
one  of  the  best  white  selfs  that  has  yet  appeared.  It 
has  been  reputed  to  be  a  sport  from  Ked  Braes 
Picotee,  an  assumptiqn  that  appears  incredible  on 
seeing  the  two  plants  growing  side  by  side  iiere.  It 
has  neither  the  grace  nor  the  habit  of  the  latter, 
though  it  is  in  its  own  way  excellent  in  these 
respects ;  the  flowers  are  large',  perfect  in  form,  and 
very  full.  Mrs.  Nicoll,  a  yellow  ground  Picotee 
with  deep  crimson  pencillings,  is  a  very  handsome 
and  striking  novelty  ;  the  habit  is  vigorous,  and  the 
flowers  are  large,  full,  and  of  great  substance.  Mrs. 
Greiye,  a  salmon-rose  self  Carnation,  will  prove  an 
acquisition  for  border  and  decorative  puiposes. 


OSMANTHUS   AQUIFOLIUS. 

Tins  hardy  evergreen  shrub  is  interesting  on  many 
accounts.  It  is  a  shrub  of  no  little  beauty,  haidy, 
unless  in  the  severest  weather,  and  one  which,  as  we 
know  by  experience,  bears  the  smoke-laden  atmo- 
sphere of  London  as  well  or  better  than  most  ever- 
greens. It  is  a  ne.ar  relative  of  the  Olive,  and  mimics 
the  Holly  so  closely  that  at  first  sight  most  people 
mistake  it  for  a  Holly,  and  it  bears  fragrant  white 
flowers.  Its  variability  is  also  remarkable.  Inmost 
nurseries  O.  aquifolius  and  O.  ilicifolius  are  con- 
sidered distinct,  but  an  ex.aminatiou  of  wild 
Japanese  specimens  some  years  ago  convinced 
us  that  the  two  were  merely  forms  of  one  species 
as  both  may  be  seen  growing  on  the  same  bush. 
Since  then  in  our  home  gardens  we  have  seen 
several  instances  of  the  same  kind.  Our  pre- 
sent illustration  (fig.  83)  shows  an  additional 
variation.  Generally  speaking  the  bud-sciiles  en- 
veloping the  young  bud  remain  dry  and  brown,  en- 
circling the  young  growing  point,  remaining  for  a 
time,  it  may  be,  attached,  to  the  base  of  the  shoot 
when  it  lengthens,  but  ultimately  falling  oft".  But 
sometimes  the  inner  or  uppermost  pair  of  these 
scales  are  uplifted  with  the  slioot  as  it  grows,  assume 
a  more  or  less  leafy  appearance,  and  become  per- 
m.anent.  These  persistent  bud-scales  are  smaller 
than  the  oi'dinaay  leaves,  and  entire  at  the  margins. 


Home  Correspondence. 


THE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY.  —  I 
entirely  agree  with  your  remarks  respecting  the 
Scotch  show  of  fruits  and  the  Royal  Horticultural 
Society.  I  was  applied  to  to  subscribe  to  the  former, 
and  refused  to  do  so,  on  the  ground  that  I  thought 
tliey  ought  to  assist  in  making  the  fruit  show  in 
London  national,  instead  of  splitting  it  up  to  suit 
their  narrow  provincialism.  But  the  Scotch  horti- 
culturists are  not  the  only  ones  who  prefer  support- 
ing their  own  little  society  to  promoting  a  national 
horticultural  society.  I  am  afraid  rather  a  weak 
point  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  character  is  shown  in  the  ten- 
dency to  act  independently,  instead  of  combining  on 
a  large  scale  to  carry  out  any  work.  No  doubt  the 
tendency  has  some  advantages,  but  I  do  not  think 
that  it  has  worked  well  in  horticultural  matters.  I 
remember,  when  it  was  proposed  to  start  a  Pomolo- 
gical  Society  separate  from  the  Horticultural  Society, 
and  I  believe  that  I  had  something  to  do  with 
inducing  those  interested  in  fruit  to  set  up  the  Fruit 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  in 
preference  to  starting  a  separate  society.  But  there 
are  many  others,  such  as  the  Rose  Society,  and  the 
Chrysanthemum  Society,  and  the  Pelargonium  So- 
ciety, and  I  doubt  not  before  long  we  shall  have  a 
Cabbage  Society,  and  a  Potato  Society,  all  diverting 
horticultural  energy  into  narrow  channels,  and  tend- 
ing to  make  a  National  Horticultural  Society  impos- 
sible. This  being  so,  I  have  of  late  taken  less  inte- 
rest in  tlie  Horticultural  Society  than  I  have  formerly 
done,  because  it  seems  to  me  that  English  horticul- 
turists are  determined  that  it  shall  not  be  a  national 
society.   C.  W.  Strickland. 

A  LARGE  LILIUM  AURATUM.  There  is  here  a 
very  large  clump  of  Lilium  auratum,  27  feet  in 
circumference,  with  fifty  spikes,  standings  feet  high, 
and  carrying  500  flowers.  I  have  grown  it  from  one 
bulb  in  twenty  years.  The  first  year  it  bore  onlv 
one  blossom,  and  it  has  never  been  removed  or 
divided.  It  is  so  very  fine  a  group  that  it  is  but 
right  it  should  be  recorded.  J.  LUlnj,  The  Cottage, 
t^andgatc. 

SALT  AND  ITS  EFFECTS  ON  NARCISSUS  BULBS. 
— I  was  very  much  interested  in  the  Rev.  C.  WoUey 
Dods  remarks  in  your  last  issue  (Sept. .3,  p.  28.3)  as 
to  the  possible  eftect  of  salt  on  the  bulbs  of  Nar- 
cissus triandrus.  In  Dublin,  where  most  species  of 
Narcissi  luxuriate,  we  use  large  quantities  of  sea- 


sand  with  which  to  surround  the  bulbs  at  planting 
or  replanting  times  ;  and  if  some  saline  principle  is 
essential  to  tliem,  I  should  recommend  this  method 
of  supplying  it  in  gardens  generally  in  preference 
to  the  application  of  salt,  pure  and  simple,  to  the 
soil.  Narcissus  planted  in  sea  sand  and  light 
alluvial  soil,  .attain  to  a  good  size,  and  turn 
out  very  bright  and  heavy  at  digging  time 
in  July.  We  have  also  used  the  ash  and  charcoal 
rubbish  from  wood  fires,  and  old  lime  mortar,  with 
excellent  results  in  the  culture  of  these  flowers,  and 
a  top-dressing  of  soot  and  sea-sand  during  December 
or  January,  when  root  .action  is  going  on,  adds  con- 
siderably to  their  vigour  and  freshness.  Crude 
manures  from  stable  or  cattle-sheds  we  find  most 
detrimental  to  nearly  all  bulbs  whatever,  and  espe- 
cially so  to  the  more  tender  species  and  varieties  of 
Narcissus.  Speaking  of  the  Brittany  form  of  N. 
reflexns  (N.  calathinus  of  Redoute's  Lil.,  t.  410),  j 
consider  it  quite  distinct,  as  a  form,  from  the  varie- 
ties from  Portugal,  being  larger  in  flower  and  far 
more  tender— or,  at  le.ast,  more  difficult  to  cultivate 
even  in  pots  in  a  frame.  The  N.  reflexus  of  the 
Isles  Glenan,  and  the  N.  reflexus  of  Portugal  are 
as  I  think,  quite  as  distinct  as  Corbularia  Gro!llsil  of 
Europe  and  C.  monophyllus  of  Algeria,  both  white 
or  whitish  Hooped  Petticoat  forms.  F.  W.  Burbidge. 
[It  is  very  probable  that  the  success  attending  the 
cultivation  of  these  bulbs  in  Scilly  is  due  to  the 
salt  present  In  the  seaweed  manure  and  sea-sand 
employed  and  In  the  air.  Ed.] 

FRINGED  CARNATIONS.— The  following  extract 
from  a  letter  just  received  from  the  Curator 
(Mr.  P.  W.  Burbidge)  of  Trinity  College  Botanic 
Gardens,  Dublin,  who  is  at  present  engaged  In  some 
floral  researches  at  the  British  Museum,  Kew,  &c., 
anentthe  above,  has  a  peculiar  historical  and  present 
interest:—"  .  .  .  Mr.  Britten,  of  the  British  Museum, 
showed  me  a  splendid  book  of  400  original  w,ater- 

coloured  drawings  of  garden  flowers  made  in  1720 

Carnations,  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Anemones,  Ranun- 
culuses, &c.,  splendidly  coloured,  and  bearing  the 
names  of  that  epoch.  The  Cam.ations  are  as  fine, 
or  finer,  than  any  now  seen,  but  not  a  straight-edged 
one  amongst  them— all  fringed."  This  is  curious,  in- 
asmuch as  I  have  been  told  that  at  three  exhibitions 
held  in  Engl.and  this  ye.ar,  not  a  finer  flower  was 
shown.  How  times  and  fashions  change.  W.  J, 
Mnrjjhy,  Clnnnul. 

STARLINGS  AND  FLIES.  —  In  Common  with 
many  other  places  we  have  experienced  a  baking 
summer,  which  has  been  very  oppressive  to  man  and 
be.ast,  and  most  favourable  to  insect  life.  The  West 
Highland  cattle  in  the  park  particularly  felt  the  heat, 
and  were  pestered  with  swarms  of  flies ;  but  the 
singular  part  of  the  story  is  to  relate— that  nearly 
every  beast  was  accompanied  by  a  starling  within  an 
inch  or  two  of  its  nose,  and  as  soon  as  the  flies 
settled  at  the  animal's  ej-es  it  hopped  up  and  seized 
them.  This  was  not  done  for  a  moment,  but  by  the 
hour,  and  a  perfect  understanding  seemed  to  exist 
between  beast  and  bird,  and,  most  singular,  in 
no  one  case  did  I  see  two  birds  together.  At  the  same 
time  and  place  they  accompanied  the  red  deer,  but 
there  their  favourite  place  was  the  deer's  back,  and 
occasionally  perching  on  the  horns.  I  have  often 
seen  them  searching  the  sheep's  wool  for  ticks,  but 
never  previously  as  I  have  now  described.  J.  Hiisf 
EriJge  Castle. 

A  FINE  BERRY-BEARINQ  PLANT.— At  the  dis- 
tance of  about  a  mile  north-east  from  the  town  of 
Bury  St.  Edmunds  are  two  pools  of  water  of  con- 
siderable dimensions ;  these  pools  are  fiimiliarly 
known  by  the  somewhat  strange  designation  of  the 
"  Mermaid  Pits."  These  pits  or  pools  are  supplied 
by  inexhaustible  land-springs,  which  are  In  no 
degree  afi'ected  by  heat  or  drought ;  the  water  is  of 
the  same  temperature  during  the  heat  of  summer  as 
it  Is  In  winter,  and  the  surface  of  the  water  has  never 
been  known  to  be  frozen  ;  the  overfiow  from 
them  finds  its  way  Into  the  river  Lark,  which 
flows  at  about  half  a  mile  distant  from  them.  A 
portion  of  the  moist  and  low-lving  land  which 
surrounds  tliese  pools  is  densely  covered  by 
natural  scrub  or  brushwood,  among  which  are 
numerous  plants  of  the  species  of  Viburnum,  of 
which  I  enclose  a  sample  of  the  fruit  or  berries. 
Favoured,  possibly,  by  tlie  unusually  dry  and  warm 


Septejiber  24,  1887.] 


THE     GARt)ENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


379 


weather,  which  has  been  here,  as  well  as  elsewhere, 
experienced,  these  berries  are  this  season  produced 
in  extraordinary  abundance,  and  produce  an  ex- 
ceeding^ly  pretty  appearance,  and  are  admirably  suited 
for  decorative  pnrposes.  They  arc  now  being  exten- 
sively used  in  the  cemetery  here  for  the  purposes  of 
decorating  the  graves  and  tombs.  It  is  not  known 
how  these  plants  have  found  their  way  to  the  spot  I 
have  alluded  to ;  few,  if  any,  of  the  Viburnums  are 
indigenous  to  Britain.  It  is  unlikely  that  they  can 
have  been  jdanted  by  the  hand  of  man  in  so  wild 
and  out-of-the-way  place.  It  is  possible,  however, 
that  the  seeds  may  iiave  been  at  some  period  dropped 
by  birds,  and  thus  become  established  in  a  soil  and 
situation  suited  to  their  development.  Birds,  how- 
ever, do  not  by  any  means  appear  to  be  partial  to 
the  fruit,  as  even  the  thoroughly  ripened  clusters 
remain,  as  yet,  untouched,  although  the  scarcely 
j  ripened  fruit  of  the  Mountain  Ash  and  the  common 
I  Berberry  are  being  rapidly  devoured.  Will  you 
'  kindly  furnish  your  readers  with  the  specific  name 
of  this  remarkably  free-fruiting  and  really  ornamental 
Viburnum,  as  if  better  known  it  might  be  more  ex- 
tensively planted  than  it  is  (as  far  as  I  know)  at 
I  present  the  case.  P.  G.  [The  berries  of  the  common 
Viburnum  Opulus  sent  are  very  fine.  Two  species 
are  British,  and  common  on  limestone  soi  I.Ed.] 

A  NOVEL  MEETING. — While  Spending  a  few  days 
in  Erfurt,  the  great  centre  of  flower  seed  growers  in 
Prussia,  I  was  invited  by  a  member  of  one  of  the 
firms,  with  whom  I  was  acquainted,  to  go  with  him 
to  a  meeting  of  seedsmen  which  was  to  be  held 
one  afternoon  at  3.30.  As  it  presented  a  good 
opportunity  of  making  the  acquaintance  of  most  of 
the  growers  whose  nurseries  I  wished  to  see,  I  very 
gladly  consented  ;  and  shall  never  regret  doing  so,  as 
the  circumstances  were  so  novel,  and  so  \^vy  different 
lo  what  is  generally  the  case  in  most  towns  in 
England,  where  every  seedsman,  nurseryman,  &c.,  is 
at  variance  with  his  neighbour  [?],  as  to  be  interesting 
and  enjoyable  in  the  greatest  degree  ;  and  therefore, 
an  account  of  the  friendly  manner  in  which  our 
Continental  brethren  conduct  their  business  will  not, 
I  think,  be  out  of  place.  Their  method  of  procedure 
is  as  follows  : — Once  a  week  (Thursday.  I  believe) 
all  who  possibly  can,  visit  tlie  establishment  of  one 
of  their  number;  and  in  the  case  of  the  smaller 
houses,  two  are  taken  on  the  one  day.  After 
half-an-hour's  chat,  the  warehouse  or  grounds  as 
the  case  may  be,  are  inspected,  and  criticisms 
freely  indulged  in ;  after  this  ceremony  is  over, 
a  cold  supper  is  partaken  of,  and,  that  being 
disposed  of,  the  lager  beer  (that  indispensable  com- 
panion to  all  pleasure  in  Germany)  goes  round, 
speeches  are  made,  toasts  proposed,  and  everyone 
endeavours  to  make  himself  and  his  neighbouss  com- 
fortable. On  the  occasion  of  my  visit,  the  establish- 
ments lO  be  inspected  were  two  in  number.  The 
first,  was  that  of  one  of  the  largest  dealers  in 
Germany  for  bouquets  of  dried  grasses  and  everlast- 
ings, also  every  variety  of  fancy  articles  made  of 
straw,  reeds,  &c.  Here  we  saw  all  the  processes, 
from  the  bleaching  of  some  of  the  grasses  to  the 
finishing  of  the  bouquets,  including  as  it  does  dye- 
ing, drying  by  machinery,  and  making  up.  We  then 
visited  the  grounds  where  nearly  all  the  grasses  and 
flowers  are  grown,  and  after  that  we  inspected  the 
gardens  of  one  of  the  seedsmen,  and  spent  a  pleasant 
hour  in  walking  through  the  paradise  of  flowers.  A 
very  pleasant  evening  followed,  and  all  went  home 
benefited,  I  am  sure,  by  the  day's  experience.  This, 
after  a  fair  trial  has  been  found  to  work  most  satis- 
factorily, and  a  most  amicable  feeling  prevails  among 
the  various  growers  ;  and  surely  this  might  be  so  in 
England  also.  In  some  of  our  large  towns,  such 
meetings  would  be  of  the  gi'eatest  service,  for  one  is 
always  learning  something  new,  in  addition  to  the 
moral  efi'ect  attained  by  the  bringing  together  of 
clever  and  practical  men.  as  seedsmen  and  nursery- 
men in  England  usually  are.  R.  T.,  Quedlinhurg, 
September  12. 

PHLOX  DaUMMONDI  QRANDIFLORA.  —  This 
beautiful  imjn-oved  half-hardy  annual  has  withstood 
the  late  dry  season  better  than  any  other  plant  we 
have  in  the  flower  garden.  I  have  beds  of  them  that 
are  now  perfect  gems  and  which  have  been  so  ever 
since  the  end  of  May.  I  sow  the  seeds  in  light  soil, 
in  pans,  early  in  February,  and  put  them  in  gentle 
heat,  and  as  soon  as  they  are  big  enough  I  prick  them 
off  into  boxes  or  other  pans,  and  as  soon  as  they  are 
well  rooted  I  place  them  into  cold  frames,  and  give 
air  freely.  They  are  planted  out  in  the  first  week  in 
May,  andif  well  hardened  off  they  do  not  mindalittle 
frost.     The  bed::'  are  soon  covered,  and  the  flowers, 


which  are  numerous,  last  till  the  later  end  of  the 
season.  This  strain  of  annual  Phlox  is  most  useful 
for  pot  culture.  The  best  kinds  are  P.  splenden.'', 
crimson,  with  white  eye;  P.  splendens  stellata, 
scarlet ;  P.  hortensiaiflora,  rose ;  P.  bella,  pure 
white.  I  had  the  seeds  of  these  beautiful  Phloxes 
from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch's  fine  strain.  W.  Smi/thc, 
Ba.^iiu]  Park,  Altun. 

CHARACTERiSTiCS  OF  BEAUTY  OF  HEBRON 
AND  WHITE  ELEPHANT  POTATOS.— Owing  to  the 
similarity  of  these  two  varieties  of  Potatos  in  the 
matter  of  colour  of  tuber  and  the  peculiar  broad 
leaves  varieties  of  American  origin  generally  possess, 
and  these  in  particular,  1  was  not  prepared  to  see 
the  two  varieties  develope  such  very  opposite  charac- 
teristics. Beauty  of  Hebron  formed  a  good  crop,  its 
haulm  ripened  well  and  was  dug  on  August  8,  and 
harvested  with  skins  well  set  and  in  excellent  order. 
On  the  other  hand  the  White  Elephant,  growing  on 
the  same  piece  of  ground,  continued  to  grow,  tlic 


haulm  being  perfectly  green,  and,  I  am  sorry  to  say, 
the  tubers,  usually  so  ready  to  swell  into  a  large 
size,  were  ill-formed,  small,  and  already  growing-out. 
Whilst,  then,  hot  dry  weather  suits  the  former  it 
would  seem  to  be  inimical  to  the  latter.  Beauty  of 
Hebron  has,  besides,  proved  a  good  market  Potato. 
During  the  last  two  months  growers  had  as  much 
as  £7  and  £8  per  ton  returned  for  it.  That  fluctua- 
ting variety,  the  Early  Kose,  has  also  done  well  this 
season,  if  market  returns  are  to  be  taken  as  a 
criterion.   William  Eavley. 

PINQUICULA  CAUDATA.— In  the  note  on  this 
plant  (see  p.  342)  it  is  stated  that  "  M.  Godefroy  has 
ascertained  that  the  plant  can  be  propagated  by  its 
winter  leaves,  but  not  by  the  larger  summer  leaves." 
This  maybe  the  result  of  M.  Godefroy 's  experiments, 
but  at  Kew  six  years  ago  we  obtained  a  batch  of- 
young  plants  from  the  original  ono  presented  to  Kew 
by  Mr.  Sander,  and  from  whicli  the  figure  in  the 
Botanical  Magazine  wivs  made.  In  December,  1881, 
I  took  off  several  of  the  largest  Iraves  of  P.  caudata, 
and  after  cutting  them  across  the  midrib  they  were 
placed  on  a  pan  of  sandy  peat  and  held  in  position  by 


means  of  pieces  of  crock.  Inabouta  month  afterwards 
roots  were  emitted  both  from  the  base  and  the  trans- 
verse cut,  little  buds  were  formed,  and  ultimately  four- 
teen young  plants  were  obtained  from  them  ;  the  same 
process  was  repeated  the  year  following,  and  with  the 
same  result.  Mr.  Burbidge  was  at  Kew  when  the 
leaf  cuttings  were  in.  and  he  saw  the  buds  already 
formed.  He  also  succeeded  in  getting  young  plants 
from  the  small  "  winter  '  leaves,  as  M.  Godefroy  has 
done.  The  dimorphism  in  the  leaves  of  this  species 
appears  to  me  to  be  exactly  the  same  as  occurs  in  the 
better  known  British  Piuguiculas,  "  only  more  so." 
In  P.  gi'andiflora,  for  instance,  the  large  spathulate 
leaves  ])erish  in  the  autumn,  and  all  that  remains  is 
a  small  conical  mass  of  scale-like  leaves,  like  a  tiny 
Lilium  bulb.  The  difl'erence  between  this  and  P. 
caudata,  is  that  the  scales  are  more  leaf-like  in  the 
latter.  Something  very  similar  is  observable  in  the 
Droseras  when  at  rest.   W.  Watson,  Kew. 

SINGLE  DAHLIA  PARAGON.— This  distinct  and 
striking  variety  still  holds  its  own  as  a  leading 
single  Dahlia  despite  the  many  hundred  novelties 
introduced  since  the  flower  became  so  fashionable. 
Amos  Perry  comes  nearest  to  it  in  character,  but  few 
would  discard  Paragon  for  the  latter.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  when  it  was  raised.  I  have  a 
catalogue  of  Dahlias  for  1834,  issued  by  Samuel 
Appleby,  of  Doncaster,  and  *'  Paragon,  single, 
maroon  and  crimson,*'  is  in  it;  but  who  preserved  it 
during  the  intervening  rears  and  re-introduced  it? 
R.D. 

ANOTHER  DISAPPOINTMENT.— "Lathyrus  coeru- 
leus,  new,"  sent  out  last  season  by  a  London  nursery- 
man and  seedsman,  turns  out  to  be  Lathyrus  azureus 
of  the  seed  shops,  or  L.  sativus  of  the  botanists. 
Seeing  that  I  can  purchase  seed  of  this  at  a  few 
pence  per  ounce,  it  is  hard  that  I  should  have  been 
called  upon  to  pay  a  much  higher  price  for  a  very 
few  seeds.  I  liope  it  was  ignorance  of  the  plant  that 
led  to  its  being  reintroduced  as  a  high-priced  novelty ; 
but  such  ignorance,  if  it  existed,  is  hardly  excusable 
in  a  high-class  firm.   Talcu-in. 

THE  NEW  TOMATO-DISEASE.— I  have,  for  the  first 
time  this  vear,  seen  evidences  of  the  new  disease  on 
Tomatos  to  which  you  refer  at  p.  312.  No  one  can 
mistake  it  for  the  Peronospora  infestans,  which  has 
injured  Tomatos  appreciably  in  years  past.  In  the 
present  case  the  foliage  of  the  plants  remains  quite 
clean  and  healthy ;  with  the  older  disease  the 
foliage  suffered  with  the  fruits,  which  were  as  often 
spotted  on  the  stem  side  as  on  any  other  part. 
When  the  disease  was  first  seen  it  was  thought  to 
be  nothing  more  than  rot  following  from  a  bruise  ; 
but  several  fruits  in  succession  showing  the  same 
appearance  soon  dissipated  that  illusion.  It  is  worth 
notice  that  the  disease  appeared  first  on  plants 
grown  lying  on  soil  in  a  house,  whilst  plants  grow- 
ing erect  in  pots  showed  no  evidences  of  it  until 
later,  but  still  only  very  moderately.  The  fruits 
were  attacked  in  various  stages  of  growth,  and 
always  at  the  bloom  side  or  apex.  The  discolora- 
tion gradually  extends  until  the  fruits  show  a  big 
black  spot  of  decay  or  rottenness.  That  the  disease 
should  always  originate  at  the  apex  would  lead 
to  the  belief  that  it  finds  entrance  in  the  organs 
either  when  the  bloom  is  expanded,  or  through 
the  stigmatic  aperture.  Curiously  enough  some 
plants  of  a  Canadian  variety  raised  from  seed  of 
Canadian  growth,  gave  the  first  evidence  of  the  dis- 
ease :  and  it  has  not  yet  attacked  plants  of  home 
varieties.  The  diseased  fruits  are  now  destroyed 
as  soon  as  they  appear.  There  seems  to  be  in  this 
case  a  clear  connection  between  the  Canadian  intro- 
duction, and  the  growing  of  the  plants  close  to  soil. 
A.  D. 


BOTANIC  GARDENS  IN  THE  WEST  INDIES.— 
Kelerring  to  a  paragraph  that  appeared  in  your 
issue  of  August  G  (p.  170),  by  G.  Layard,  I 
cannot  cannot  refrain  from  suspecting  that  your 
correspondent  is  one  of  those  who  take  for 
granted  what  is  told  them.  Had  he  ascertained  by 
personal  observation  he  would  have  found  his 
assertion  "  that  the  Demerara  garden  was  the  best  in 
the  West  Indies  "  scarcely  tenable.  That  it  is  a  fine 
garden  and  well  conducted  goes  without  saying,  but 
a  garden  which  was  only  started  some  eight  years 
ago  can  hardly  lay  claim  to  be  the  most  useful  of  the 
West  Indian  gardens.  The  Trinidad  garden  has 
long  since  passed  its  "jubilee,"  while  Castleton 
(Jamaica)  has  yet  some  time  to  exist  before  itcom- 
pletes  its  twenty-fifth  year.  It  is  evident  also  that 
your  correspondent  is   unaware   of  the   change   of 


380 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  24,  1887. 


management  in  the  Trinidad  garden,  for  I  cannot 
believe  Iiim  to  be  so  uncharitable  as  to  attack  a 
management  which  has  existed  barely  six  months. 
As  regards  tlie  Castleton  garden  also,  it  is  a  great 
])ity  that  Mr.  Lajard  should  have  been  so  led  into 
error  as  to  describe  it  as  a  hill  garden,  for  nothing 
is  further  from  the  fact.  Castleton  is  barely  .580  feet 
above  the  sea  level,  and  has  a  purely  tropical  climate  ; 
in  fact,  it  was  selected  on  that  account,  and  though 
by  recent  decisions  of  the  authorities  it  is  probable 
that  its  days  are  numbered,  it  is  quite  possible  that 
some  difficulty  may  be  found  in  finding  as  suit- 
able a  locality  for  all  purposes  in  any  other  part  of 
the  island  of  Jamaica.  It  may  also  surprise 
Mr.  Layard  to  hear  that  there  is  a  nurseryman  in 
the  West  Indies  ;  aye,  and  more — there  is  a  nursery 
company  in  the  West  Indies.  Such  a  company  now 
exists  in  Trinidad,  and  has  been  established  for  tlie 
purpose  of  growing  decorative  plants  for  the  New 
York  market.  So  far — and  the  company  has  been 
engaged  in  operations  for  three  years — the  results  have 
been  satisfactory  indeed,  and  such  as  to  warrant  a 
further  outlay  recently  for  tlie  extension  of  opera- 
tions. Mr.  Layard  should  certainly  make  sure  of 
his  facts  before  attempting  to  write  upon  a  ques- 
tion which  is  itself  a  commendalile  one,  for  he 
thereby  throws  an  obstacle  in  its  path  instead  of 
forwarding — as  I  presume  was  his  object — the  for- 
mation of  stations  for  the  development  and  spread  of 
horticultural  and  agricultural  knowledge.  J.  H.  H. 

FLOWER  GARDENING.— We  are  often  reminded, 
through  the  horticultural  journals,  of  the  neces- 
sity for  reformation  as  regards  the  plants  used 
for  the  decoration  of  tlie  flower  garden.  To  my 
mind  we  are  under  a  system  of  perpetual  change 
which  leads  to  the  adoption  of  plants  that  are 
found  useful  for  specific  purposes  for  the  time  being. 
The  public  in  general  have  a  growing  desire  for  con- 
stant change,  and  in  a  certain  sense  changes  promote 
reform.  It  can  hardly  be  said,  however,  that  the 
change  from  the  old  ribbon-border.  &c.,  style  of 
bedding  to  carpet-bedding  was  productive  of  much 
usefulness — except  in  what  it  taught  us  of  the 
arrangement  of  colours— and  in  the  utilisation  of 
foliage  plants  for  effect.  But  the  craze  was  carried 
to  an  undesirable  extreme  as  regards  the  latter  par- 
ticulars ;  in  the  eyes  of  the  orthodox  advocates  of 
the  system  it  would  have  been  entirely  out  of  place  to 
have  a  bed  composed  of  plants  with  foliage  of  different 
hues,  and  allow  them  to  grow  in  a  natural  way.  No. 
that  will  never  do ;  if  foliage  plants  are  to  be  used 
to  advantage,  you  must  clip,  pinch,  and  ])eg  down 
eternally.  Neither  would  it  have  been  orthodox  to 
use  ordinary  plants  ;  "  they  possess  too  much  colour," 
said  the  critics,  and  the  critics  had  the  game  pretty 
much  as  they  pleased.  Nothing  would  do  but  Alter- 
nanthera,Mesembr\'anthemum,&c. — plants  that  could 
only  be  preserved  and  propagated  by  those  who  kept 
an  elaborate  establishment.  The  critics  and  advo- 
cates had  their  reward  ;  they  made  the  game  too 
costly,  and  of  course  it  perished.  This  is  an  age  in 
which  much  is  required  for  a  small  outlay,  and  to  no 
business  does  this  assertion  apply  more  forcibly  than 
to  gardening.  Plants  that  are  moderately  hardy 
and  easily  cultivated  are  therefore  of  gi-eat  service 
in  bedding.  Amongst  foliaged  plants  I  find 
Pyrethrum  aureuni  and  Marrubium  vulgare 
(the  common  woolly  Horehound),  very  useful 
for  bold  designs.  A  large  bed,  the  centre 
of  which  is  filled  with  Marrubium  bordered  with  a 
broad  band  of  Pyrethrum,  is  very  eft'ective  at  all  sea- 
sons. These  plants  are  allowed  to  grow  quite  freely 
and  when  treated  this  way  they  present  a  pleasing 
appearance  that  is  quite  foreign  to  any  cropped 
carpet  bed.  'J"he  purple-leaved  Beet  and  Cerastinm 
tomentosum  can  also  be  employed  very  effectively, 
and  Cineraria  maritinia  is  a  hardy  and  boldly  eft'ec- 
tive plant.  The  variegated  Arabis  forms  a  ne.at 
edging  for  all  seasons.  Amongst  annuals  we  ha^  e 
O.xalis  corniculata  rubra  and  Perilla  nankinensis — 
both  useful  and  easily  grown.  Turning  to  flowering 
plants  I  find  several  that  demand  attention.  Azalea 
amcena  and  A.  mollis  are  generally  legarded  as 
plants  for  the  gieenhouse,  but  here,  in  a  most  ex- 
posed situation,  there  are  two  large  beds — one 
filled  witli  amocna  and  the  other  with  mollis,  and 
during  the  early  summer  months  they  are  per- 
fectly delightful ;  the  plants  flower  most  profusely 
and  the  delicate  shades  of  Azalea  mollis  contrast 
well  with  thi*  dark-coloured  amcena.  The  flowers  of 
mollis  have  tlie  further  advantage  of  being  delight- 
fully fragrant.  When  grown  in  an  exposed  situation 
these  plants  keep  very  dwarf;  and  this,  with  their 
regular  growth  and  free-flowering  habit,  renders 
them   very   desirable  as  bedding  plants.      Lobelia 


cardinalis  is  thickly  planted  in  tlie  same  beds,  and 
when  the  Azaleas  have  done  flowering  it  commences 
growth  and  aftbrds  a  display  of  bloom  all  through 
the  autumn.  Agathea  ccelestis,  with  an  edging  of 
Alyssum  variegatum  or  Cerastium  tomentosum, 
makes  a  lovely  bed  ;  the  Alyssum  and  the  Agathea 
are  not  quite  hardy,  however,  and  require  a  little 
protection  during  winter.  Begonias  would  appear 
to  have  a  great  future— all  seasons  seem  to  suit  them. 
Their  treatment  is  of  the  simplest  description  :  the 
tubers  are  planted  in  boxes  and  placed  in  a  cool 
greenhouse  until  fairly  started,  when  they  are  placed 
outside,  all  danger  of  frost  being  past,  until  required 
for  till,'  beds.  Pelarr/of. 

POTATO  SCAB.— Mr.  Hill  is  su  pronounced  in 
his  dictum  with  respect  to  the  production  of  scab  on 
Potatos  that  it  would  be  useless  to  argue  with  him. 
As  to  imperfect  preparation  of  soil  producing  scab, 
I  ort'er  no  opinion,  but  when  it  is  asserted  that  the 
converse,  viz.,  highly  prepared  soil,  deeply  and  tho- 
joughly  cultivated,  will  prevent  scab,  I  must  pro- 
nounce it  nonsense.  I  have  seen  plenty  of  scab  in 
past  years,  where  the  fullest  care  and  pains  in  pre- 
jiaring  the  soil  have  been  taken,  and  beautiful  soil, 
too,  but  generally  worst  in  dry  seasons.  The  discus- 
sion has  proved  that  scab  is  the  product  of  no  par- 
ticular soil,  but  of  all  sorts  of  soils,  and  also  that 
it  is  invariably  found  most  prevalent  wlien  drought 
prevails.  But  Air.  W.  G.  .Smith  seems  to  infer  that 
after  all  we  have  been  discussing  a  sort  of  Will-o'-the- 
wisp,  thinking  of  one  thing  and  flogging  another. 
Possibly  the  "  German  investigators "  had  under 
observation  a  veiy  diverse  affection  from  that  which 
we  are  so  familiar  with  on  Potatos,  and  regard  as  of 
so  little  moment.  The  fact  seems  to  present  itself, 
that  no  one  really  knows  what  the  ordinary  abrasions 
found  on  the  skins  of  Potatos  are,  and  until  that 
matter  is  fully  cleared  up  it  seems  hopeless  to  seek 
for  causes.  To  fully  diagnose  the  disease  is  the  best 
method  of  seeking  for  cause  and  cure.  Our  ordinary 
scab  is,  after  all,  a  very  minor  aft'ection,  and  beyond 
disfiguring  the  coats  of  the  tubers  to  some  extent, 
seems  to  harm  no  one.  If  it  be  chiefly  a  product  of 
drought  it  is  of  little  consequence,  compared  with 
the  effects  of  f'-e  same  upon  the  average  root  produce, 
which  will  this  year  be  from  one-third  to  one-half 
less  than  usual  in  early  and  mid-season  kinds ; 
whilst  late  sorts,  still  green  and  vigorous,  are  super- 
tuberating  rapidlv,  and  there  seems  no  other  course 
to  take,  but  to  allow  these  late  breadths  to  do  their 
best  between  now  and  the  end  of  October.  A.  D. 

The  following  is  my  experience  on  this  inter- 
esting subject.  I  lifted  Myatt's  Prolific  when  fit  for 
market,  and  they  were  quite  free  from  scab  ;  the  re- 
mainder of  the  crop  I  left  a  month  later  before  lifting  : 
they  were  badly  covered  with  scab  :  and  the  same  I 
found  true  of  slug  holes,  or,  as  they  are  called,  "  worm- 
holes,"  in  Potatos.  Those  lifted  early  were  quite 
free,  those  left  later  badly  attacked  by  both  slugs 
and  wireworms ;  therefore  I  would  say,  as  a  rule, 
lift  earlv.  I  used  farm  manure  :  soil  heavy  loam. 
J.  M. 

ENORMOUS  TOMATOS.— I  hereby  enclose  a  few 
Tomatos  for  your  inspection.  The  present  season 
has  no  doubt  been  a  fine  one  for  Tomatos,  but  these 
are  the  finest  fruits  I  have  yet  seen.  I  have  some 
green  ones  on  the  same  stems  which  will  weigh  some 
ounces  more.  Geo.  EasUvi,  Loscley  Park  Gardens, 
Hiirreii.  [The  fruits  sent  were  very  large  and  coarsely 
ribbed.  The  weights  were  '13  oz.,  21  oz.,  and  I'J  oz. 
resjiectively.  Ed.] 

STRAWBERRY  OXONIAN.— As  your  Correspondent 
''  II. "  has  not  responded  to  the  invitation  of  R.  Gil- 
bert (p.  313)  to  exhibit  a  dish  of  Eleanor  Strawberry 
in  comparison  with  the  above-named,  allow  me  to 
tell  the  latter  that  (if  nothing  unforeseen  occurs)  I 
sliall  have  much  pleasure  in  doing  so,  either  at  Soutli 
Kensington  or  elsewhere.  At  the  same  time  I 
fail  to  see  that  this  will  prove  anything  beyond  the 
fact  that  Mr.  Gilbert's  highly  respectable  nurseryman 
su]iplied  him  with  something  dift'erent  to  what  is 
commonly  known  as  Oxonian.  I  have  before  me  the 
catalogue  of  a  firm  of  old  standing,  whose  reputation 
I  should  never  dream  of  reducing  to  a  money 
standard,  containing  the  following  : — "  Eleanor 
(Myatt's),  syn.  Oxonian."  Tliis  has  stood  for  years 
unchallenged,  and  I  think  I  may  add,  has  been 
generally  recognised  in  the  South  of  England  as  cor- 
rect. If  R.  Gilbert  can  give  us  any  idea  of  the 
origin  of  his  distinct  Oxonian  I  think  it  will  be  a 
great  deal  more  to  the  imrjiose.  for  I  find  it  is  not 
even  mentioned  in  the  Fruit  Mo.niml,  4th  edition, 
1875.  A.  G.  Bri/fijman,  Mor/ott: 


Societies. 


BOYAL  BOTANICAL  OF  MANCHESTER. 

Skptejibku  IG  AND  17. — Tlic  exhibition  of  fruit 
and  flowers  of  the  above  Society  at  the  Koyal  Jubilee 
Exhibition  Buildings,  Old  Traflbrd,  took  place  on 
the  above  days,  and  may  justly  be  described  as  an  un- 
qualified success  in  every  way.  Probably  at  the 
first  mention  of  the  show  it  may  have  seemed  un- 
necessary to  add  to  the  many  attractions  of  the 
.lubilee  Exhibition,  for  so  much  is  already  there  to 
be  seen  and  admired,  that  added  beauty  and  attrac- 
tions almost  appeared  undesirable.  Still  having 
ventured  on  the  show,  the  Council  of  the  Botanical 
Society,  with  their  energetic  Curator,  may  be  con- 
gratulated on  the  excellent  display  brought  together. 
The  number  of  stands  of  Gladioli  furnished  with 
beautiful  spikes  of  this  showy  fiower,  was  extra- 
ordinary, and  the  effect  of  these  rigid  trusses  of 
colour  when  seen  from  the  end  of  the  covered  ap- 
proach was  bewildering.  The  quantity  of  cut  flowers, 
of  hardy  herbaceous  plants,  was,  jierhaps,  the  finest 
that  has  been  brought  together  ;  and  Messrs.  J.  Dick- 
son &  Son,  F.  &  A.  Dickson,  of  Chester,  Messrs. 
I^aul  &  Son,  Cheshunt,  placed  some  of  their  best  pro- 
duction on  the  stages.  The  collections  of  Roses, 
more  especially  those  of  J.  Cocker  &  Sons.  Aberdeen, 
were  in  the  opinion  of  many  qualified  to  judge  far 
superior  to  many  winning  stands  that  were  "shown  in 
numbers  of  places  during  the  month  of  July.  Dahlias 
were  also  superb,  and  the  collections  of  cut  stove 
and  gi-eenhouse  flowers  were  of  unusual  merit.  In 
the  fruit  department  the  classes  were  well  contested, 
!ind  the  productions  of  a  very  high  order.  The  many 
stands  for  black  and  white  Grapes  were  laden  with 
choice  samples,  and  though  no  bunches  of  extra- 
ordinary size  were  observed,  those  that  were  shown 
were  of  a  useful  size.  The  fruit  classes,  which  were 
all  "  open."  numbered  twenty-five,  and  the  whole  of 
the  classes  had  each  four  prizes  oft'ered  ;  for  these 
no  less  than  200  entries  were  sent  in,  of  which  a 
large  proportion  were  staged.  For  the  seventeen 
classes  of  cut  flowers  (open)  a  hundred  entries  were 
made,  hence  the  grand  display  observed. 

Friiif. — For  ten  dishes  of  fruit  the  competition 
was  keen.  The  Earl  of  Harrington,  Elvaston  Castle 
(gr.,  Mr.  Uoodacre),  was  successful  in  securing  1st 
honours  ;  he  had  capital  bunches  of  Black  Hamburgh 
and  Muscat  Grapes,  Sea  Eagle  Peaches,  Victoria 
Nectarine,  Morello  Cherries,  Melon,  Apricots, 
Washington  Plum,  Turkey  Fig,  and  a  Pine.  The 
2nd  jirize  fell  to  Mr.  W.  Pratt,  gi-.,  Longleat,  War- 
minster, who  had  Muscat,  Black  Alicante  and  Ladv 
Downe's  Grapes  in  excellent  condition ;  good  Peaches, 
Nectarines,  Plums,  &c.  3rd,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Maynal 
Ingram,  Temple  Newsam  (gi-.,  Mr.  Dawes) ;  and  the 
■4th  fell  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  Ingestre  (gr.,  Mr. 
Oilman).  Six  dishes  of  fruit. — Mr.  Goodacre  was 
again  placed  1st  with  good  Muscats  and  Black  Ham- 
burgh Grapes,  a  Queen  Pine  weighing  7i  lb..  Rivers' 
Orange  Nectarine,  Victory  of  Bath  Sfelon,  and  Sea 
Eagle  Peach.  Mrs.  W.  Pratt  was  2nd,  with  good 
examples  of  Muscat  and  Alicante  Grapes,  Cashmere 
Melon,  Walburton  Admirable  Peaches,  Figs,  and 
Nectarines. 

Collection  of  Grapes,  five  kinds,  and  two  bunches 
of  each. — This  contest  brought  forward  a  number  of 
exhibitors,  but  Mr.  J.  Chaffin's  (Bath)  stands  were  of 
such  merit  that  little  difficulty  was  experienced  in 
awarding  the  1st  prize.  He  had  large  bunches,  of 
capital  colour,  size,  and  ripeness,  consisting  of 
Muscats,  Alnwick  Seedling,  Madresfield  Court,  Black 
Alicante,  and  Lady  Downe's.  Mr.  Goodacre,  who 
was  2nd,  had  good  bunches  of  Muscats,  Gros  Maroc, 
Alnwick  Seedling,  Madresfield  Court,  and  Black 
Hamburgh.  The  Hon.  Sir  U.  Kay-Shuttleworth, 
Bart.,  M.P.,  Gawthorpe  Hall,  Burnley  (gr.,  Mr. 
McMaster),  was  3rd.  Two  bunches  of  Black  Grapes. 
— Nine  lots  were  put  up  in  this  class,  the  1st  prize 
falling  to  Mr.  McMaster,  for  splendid  bunches  of 
Gros  Colmar  ;  J.  E.  Camiibill,  I'ttoxeter,  was  2nd, 
with  Lady  Downe's,  very  line  ;  llie  Duke  of  Suther- 
land, Trentham,  3rd,  witli  Black  Hamburgh ;  and 
G.  T.  Raynes,  Esq.,  Rock  Park,  4tli,  with  fine 
Madresfield  Court.  For  two  bunches  of  Black  Ali- 
cante, J.  Chaffinwas  again  Ist,  with  splendid  bunches 
and  fine  berries.  For  two  bunches  of  Muscat  of 
Alexandria  there  were  twelve  stands,  mostly  of  ex- 
cellent quality,  of  this  variety,  the  prizes  falling  in 
the  order  in  which  the  following  names  appear: — 
Mrs.  W.  Pratt,  J.  Chaftin,  Sir  T.  Edwards  Moss, 
Bart.,  Liverpool  ;  and  Mr.  W.  .Smith,  Duxbuiy  Park. 
For  two  bunches  of  any  other  white  kind,  tlie"Earlof 


September  21,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


381 


Shrewsbury  secured  1st  honours  with  capital  ex- 
amples of  Trebbiana :  Sir  T.  Edwards  Moss,  Bart., 
2nd,  with  Golden  Queen  ;  T.  F.  Campbell  3rd,  with 
Trebbiana;  and  the  Earl  of  Harrington  4th,  with 
Foster's  Seedling. 

Miscellaneous  Fruit. — Some  good  dishes  of  Peaches 
were  sliown,  but  these  were  not  up  to  the  size  and 
quality  of  previous  years.  Mr.  J.  Edmonds,  Best- 
wood,  Arnold,  Notts,  was  1st  with  Dymond,  Bar- 
rington,  Sea  Eagle,  and  Walburton  Admirable. 
With  one  dish  of  Peaches,  six  fruits,  the  JIarquis  of 
Cholmondeley  was  1st.  With  four  dishes  of  Nec- 
tarines, the  Earl  of  Harrington,  who  in  this  class  was 
the  only  exhibitor,  was  placed  1st.  One  dish  of 
Nectarines  was  shown  by  A.  G.  Grant,  Ohelford,  who 
was  1st ;  the  2nd  falling  to  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury. 
Pine-apples  were  shown  by  Mr.  J.  Edmonds  and  Sir 
H.  H.  Vivian,  who  were  ])laced  1st  and  2nd  for  three 
fruits;  whilst  for  one  fruit  the  last-named  exhibitor 
■was  1st,  and  J.  F.  Campbell  2nd. 

Some  excellent  Melons,  both  green  and  scarlet 
flesh  were  shown,  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury  being 
placed  1st  for  green-flesh,  and  Mr.  W.  Iggulden,  gr. 
to  the  Earl  of  Cork,  Marston  House,  2nd  ;  while 
for  scarlet-flesh,  P.  Tliellusson,  Esq.  (gr.,  W.  Chuck), 
Brodsworth  Hall.  Duncaster,  secured  1st  honours, 
and  the  Earl  of  Harrington  2nd. 

Some  capital  dishes  of  Tomatos  were  shown.  In 
the  class  for  six  dishes  Mr.  W.  Iggulden  was  success- 
ful. Mrs.  C.  A.  Hoare  being  2nd. 

Twelve  varieties  of  Apples,  six  of  dessert  and  si.x 
of  kitchen. — ]\[r.  J.  Edmonds  1st,  the  Earl  of  Har- 
rington 2nd. 

Eight  kinds  of  Pears,  five  fruits  of  each. — Mrs.  C. 
A.  Hoare  and  P.  Thellusson,  Esq.,  were  respectively 
1st  and  2nd. 

With  four  dishes  of  Apples  (kitchen),  ^Ir.  W. 
Pratt  was  1st.  P.  Thellusson,  Esq.,  was  successful 
with  four  dishes  of  Pears. 

A  very  fine  exhibit  of  ]')uke  of  Buccleuch  and 
Gros  Colmar  Grapes  came  from  Mr.  W.  Thomson, 
Tweed  Vineyard,  Clovenfords.  The  Vines  whence 
these  bunches  were  cut — as,  in  fact,  the  whole  in 
the  nursery — had  been  liberally  treated  to  con- 
tinual applications  of  the  manure  now  being  dis- 
tributed by  this  firm,  and  certainly  they  afforded 
evidence  of  being  much  improved  by  this  manure. 
Some  samples  of  large  Onions  from  the  same  firm, 
and  also  from  H.  Deverill  &  Co.,  Banbury,  were 
shown,  which  had  also  received  the  same  aid. 

A  very  fine  exhibit  came  from  Messrs.  J.  Veitch 
&  Sons,  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  consisting  of  a  hundred 
varieties  of  Apples,  both  culinary  and  dessert ; 
also  sixty  dishes  of  Pears.  From  the  same  firm 
came  a  number  of  small  trees  of  their  new  Apple, 
Sandringham.  These  little  fruiting  specimens  were 
only  budded  a  little  over  a  twelvemonth  ago,  and 
were  grown  in  the  open  ground,  with  hundreds  of 
others  of  the  same  variety,  and  so  free  and  productive 
is  it  proving  to  be  that  a  number  were  taken  up,  and 
potted,  and  brought  to  the  show  with  fmit  resting  on 
the  very  edge  of  the  pots ;  as  the  pots  were  only  ordi- 
nary 5-inch  pots,  some  idea  may  be  gathered  of  the 
small  state  in  which  it  comes  into  bearing. 

Messrs.  T.  Rivers  &  Sou,  Sawbridge worth,  had  a 
choice  lot  of  fruit,  including  Gladstone,  Exquisite, 
Lord  Palmerston,  and  Sea  Eagle  Peaches  ;  Byron, 
Otway,  Humboldt,  and  Rivers'  Orange  Nectarines  ; 
Grand  Duke,  Monarch,  Reiue  Claude  de  Bavay,  and 
Golden  Emperor  Plums ;  Fondante  d'Automme, 
Magnate,  Beurre  Hardy,  Williams'  Bon  Chretien, 
and  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey  Pears;  and  Marshall's 
Seedling,  Worcester  Pe.irmain,  Williams'  Favourite, 
Yorkshire  Beauty,  and  Cox's  Pomona  Apples. 

Messrs.  H.  Lane  &  Son,  Berkhamsted,  had  some 
fine  examples  of  fruiting  Vines  in  pots  ;  these  were 
carrying  nice  bunches  of  well  coloured  fruit,  and  in- 
cluded such  sorts  as  Black  Alicante,  Gros  Maroc, 
Black  Hamburgh,  Gros  Colmar,  Foster's  Seedling, 
Muscats,  and  Lady  Downe's. 

Flowers. — As  already  stated  the  Dahlias  were  very 
numerous  and  of  surpassing  quality. 

For  forty-eight  blooms,  show  and  fancy  varieties, 
Mr.  W.  BostOE,  Bedale,  was  placed  1st;  Messrs. 
Harkness  &  Son,  2nd  ;  and  Messrs.  Fisher,  Son  & 
Sibray,  ShetReld,  3rd. 

Twenty-four  show  varieties. — Mr.  W,  Boston  was 
again  to  the  front,  the  2nd  falling  to  Messrs.  Heath 
&  Son,  Cheltenham.  Twelve  fancy  varieties. — Mr. 
W.  Boston  was  1st;  Mr.  C.  Turner,  Slough,  2nd. 
Thirty-six  varieties  of  bouquet  Dahlias. — From  the 
latter  firm  came  a  fine  stand,  the  flowers  shown  in 
clusters  with  some  foliage  worked  in  amongst  them. 

Twenty-four  clusters  of  single  Dahlias  — Messrs. 
Harkness  &  Son,  were  1st;  Messrs.  R.  B.  Laird  & 
Son,  Edinburgh,  coming  2nd.     These  bunches  were 


perhaps  a  little  formal,  all  the  flowers  facing  one  way; 
still  ,they  made  a  fine  show,  and  were  much  admired 
after. 

Collection  of  Gladioli  spikes,  not  less  than  thirty 
varieties. — Mr.  A.  E.  Campbell.  Gourock,  placed  no 
less  than  170  spikes  on  the  stages.  These  were  of 
excellent  quality,  and  all  were  named  varieties. 
The  2nd  prize  was  taken  by  Messrs.  J.  Biirrell 
&  Co.,  Cambridge,  with  a  grand  lot ;  and  Messrs. 
James  Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester,  came  in  3rd.  For 
trt-elve  and  six  spikes,  Mr.  W.  Smith,  Prestwick, 
N.B.,  was  placed  1st. 

Mr.  Boston  was  1st  with  eighteen  Hollyhock 
blooms  ;  S.  Barlow,  Esq.,  Middleton,  winning  with 
eighteen  blooms  of  Asters.  James  Dickson  &  Sons, 
Chester,  were  successful  with  eighteen  spikes  of 
Phloxes.  A  grand  display  was  made  witli  Roses, 
many  collections  being  shown,  the  finest  coming 
from  J.  Cocker  &  Sons,  nurserymen,  Aberdeen.  The 
blooms  in  this  collection  were  splendid  in  form, 
colour  and  size,  Messrs.  Paul  &  Sons  were  2nd. 
Messrs.  Harkness  &  Son,  3rd,  with  clusters  of 
blooms;  Mr,  S.  Barlow, also  with  good  clusters,  4th. 
INIr.  J.  Cooke  was  again  1st,  with  twelve  Roses ; 
Messrs.  Harkness  &  Sons,  2nd. 

Hardy  Flowers. — From  Messrs.  James  Dickson  & 
Sons,  Chester,  came  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
features  of  the  show — their  collection  of  hardy  flowers, 
annual  and  perennial.  Here  were  not  less  than  250 
bunches  of  flowers  of  varied  form  and  colour : 
staged  in  a  mass,  the  efftct  was  very  striking. 
Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  were  2nd,  with  a  fine  dis- 
play. Collections  were  also  shown  by  F.  &  A. 
Dickson,  of  Chester,  who  also  had  a  fine  display 
of  Gladioli  and  Roses.  Messrs.  J.  Robson,  The 
Downs,  Bowden,  staged  300  bunches  of  hardy  flowers, 
including  capital  seedling  Begonias.  Messrs.  Dick- 
son &  Robinson,  Market  Place,  "Manchester,  had  a 
liue  stand  of  Dahlias  and  Gladioli;  Messrs.  Dickson, 
Brown  &  Tait  also  exhibiting  a  stand  of  Gladioli, 
hardy  flowers,  and  Dahlias.  Messrs.  Fisher,  Son  & 
Sibr.ay,  Handsworth  Nurseries,  had  a  fine  collection 
of  flowering  greenhouse  Rhododendrons,  including 
the  best  varieties  ;  also  grand  examples  of  Lapageria 
plants,  in  variety,  for  which  these  nurseries  are 
famed :  marmorata  and  profusa,  the  latter  being 
densely  covered  with  blooms.  The  Liverpool  Hor- 
ticultural Company  staged  a  fine  lot  of  Crotons, 
Palms,  Ferns,  &c.,  also  a  collection  of  Tea  Roses  in 
pots. 

CoUcctions  of  Cat  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Flowers. — 
These  were  exceptionally  good  ;  the  1st  prize  fell  to 
A.  Heine,  Esq.,  Fallowfield.  Here  we  observed 
masses  of  blooms  of  Cattleya  Gaskelliana,  Oncidium 
trulliferum,  Odontoglossum  Alexandrie,  Cattleya 
Harrisoni  violacea,  Stanhopea  Wardi,  Dendrobium 
formosura  giganteum,  Zygopetalum  maxillare,  Catt- 
leya superba,  C.  Dowiana,  Oncidium  Jonesianum,  O. 
flexuosum,  Lajlia  purpurata  alba,  L.  Dayana,  C.  bi- 
color,  C.  velutina.  Ph.  grandiflora,  L.  elegans,  Vanda 
tricolor,  Odontoglossum  grande,  &c.,  besides  many 
choice  stove  and  greenhouse  blooms,  Bouvardias, 
Vallota,  &c.  Mr.  S.  Baerlein,  who  was  2nd,  had 
also  a  fine  display,  and  though  Orchids  in  less 
numbers  were  present  in  this  lot,  other  choice  and 
showy  forms  were  abundant  and  good  ;  and  in  the 
stand  shown  by  H.  Statter  were  a  number  of  Orchids, 
including  a  spike  of  the  new  Odontoglossum  Harry- 
anum,  and  a  couple  of  spikes  of  Saccolabium  cocleste. 
A  plant  of  Brunsvigia  falcata  was  shown  by  A.  Potts, 
Esq.,  Hoole  Hall,  Chester;  this  plant  had  been  in 
flower  for  the  past  five  weeks,  many  of  the  blooms, 
however,  were  still  fresh  and  in  good  colour.  From 
Mr.  A.  J.  Bruce,  Chorlton-cura-Hardy,  came  some 
magnificent  plants  of  various  forms  of  Sarracenias, 
and  also  a  large  quantity  of  table  plants,  Palms,  &c., 
which  were  well  used  in  the  centre  of  the  long  fruit 
table.  The  Manchester  Jubilee  Gold  Medal  offered 
by  the  Society  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Sam  Deards,  of 
Harlow,  for  his  patent  Victoria  Dry-Glazing. 


BRIGHTON  AND  SUSSEX. 

Skptembeu  14  AND  15. — The  annual  autumn  show 
was  held  in  the  grounds  of  the  Royal  Pavilion.  The 
majority  of  the  plant  exhibits  were  staged  in  a  large 
marquee  on  the  eastern  lawn,  and  consisted  of  first- 
class  productions,  notably  so  the  stove  and  greenhouse 
flowering  plants  and  zonal  Pelargoniums. 

Flams. — For  the  former,  Messrs.  Knight  &  Co., 
nurserymen,  Ore,  Hastings,  were  adjudged  1st  for 
fresh,  clean  and  medium-sized  plants,  prominent 
among  which  were  Vallota  purpurea,  with  some 
fifty  spikes  in  first-class  condition  ;  Lapageria  rosea, 
fine  in  colour  and  freely  flowered;  and  Erica  Aitonia 
TurnbuUi  and  E.  cerinthoides  coronata  were  like- 


wise good.  Mr.  Meachen,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Armstrong, 
Withdeane,  Brighton,  being  placed  2nd,  with  larger 
specimens,  but  not  so  uniform  in  point  of  flower — a 
huge  plant  of  Rondeletia  speciosa  major  wanting  at 
least  another  fortnight  to  bring  it  to  perfection ; 
Pimelea  decussata,  in  good  health  and  flower — was 
attractive,  as  also  was  Erica  Eweriana,  which  is  an 
excellent  autumn  variety.  In  a  smaller  class  Mr. 
Portnell,  gr.  to  Sir  A.  Lamb,  Beauport,  Hastings, 
was  the  winner  among  six  exhibitors,  all  of  whom 
showed  well  for  the  season  ;  his  best  were  Erica 
Austiniana  and  Dipladenia  amabilis.  Mr.  Ofter,  gr. 
to  J.  Warren,  Esq.,  Hand  Cross  Park,  was  2nd,  his 
plants  of  Lapageria  rosea  and  L.  alba  being  each 
good  ;  Mr.  Townshend,  gr.  to  Captain  Thompson, 
Dyke  Road,  was  3rd,  with  excellent  young  plants  of 
Allamanda  Hendersoni  and  Ixora  Fraseri.  A  capital 
young  plant  of  Bougaiuvillea  glabra  won  for  Mr. 
Wickham,  gi-.  to  J.  Humphrey,  Esq.,  Keymer,  the  1st 
prize  as  the  best  single  specimen. 

Groups. — Two  classes  for  groups  brought  forth 
only  two  competitors  in  each.  In  the  open  class 
Messrs.  Stringer,  Aldrington  Nurseries,  West 
Brighton,  being  1st  with  a  showy  group  in  which 
Celosia  pyramidalis  coocinea  was  used  with  good 
effect ;  Mr.  Meachen  was  the  successful  exhibitor  in 
the  other  class  with  a  group  of  excellent  plants 
which  would  have  looked  better  if  spread  over  a 
large  space  of  ground. 

Miscellaneous  Plants. — Ericas  were  shown  in  good 
condition  by  Messrs.  Portnell  and  Knight,  each  ex- 
hibiting healthy  plants  of  medium  size.  Tuberous- 
rooted  Begonias  were  productive  of  a  strong  compe- 
tition, the  1st  award  going  to  Mr.  Holman,  gr.  to  J. 
Crimden,  Esq.,  Burgess  Hill,  whose  exhibits  were 
characterised  by  sturdy  growth,  good  variety  and 
colour.  The  classes  for  zonal  Pelargoniums  also 
brought  together  some  lirst-class  exhibits,  the  plants 
compact  and  healthy,  and  above  all  there  was  an  ab- 
sence of  that  severe  training  so  often  seen.  For 
singles  Mr.  Townshend  was  the  most  successful  ex- 
hibitor, his  plants  being  very  fresh — Mr.  Meachen 
taking  1st  for  doubles.  Foliaged  plants  of  noble  pro- 
portions were  shown  by  Mr.  Offer  and  Mr.  Jupp,  gr. 
to  J.  Boulton.  Esq.,  Eastbourne,  who  each  took  1st 
in  the  two  classes,  being  followed  by  Mr.  James, 
Castle  Nursery,  Norwood,  and  Mr.  Meachen  respec- 
tively ;  the  latter  exhibitor  had  a  finely  coloured 
plant  of  Croton  Queen  Victoria.  Ferns  were  also 
shown,  among  others,  by  Messrs.  Offer  and  Jupp,  the 
former  taking  1st  for  a  group,  prominent  amongst 
which  was  a  fine  specimen  of  Cyathea  dealbata,  the 
latter  was  awarded  1st  place  for  six  kinds  with  well 
grown  plants. 

Cut  Flowers. — These  were  of  remarkably  good 
quality  and  shown  in  large  quantities.  The  five  classes 
provided  for  Roses  were  well  filled,  the  Tea-scented 
varieties  standing  the  exhibitors  in  good  stead,  the 
most  successful  of  whom  were  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  and 
Mrs.  AVooUard,  for  48's  and  24's,  who  took  the  prizes 
in  the  order  named  ;  Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  also  won 
1st  place  for  twelve  blooms  of  any  kind,  with  La 
France,  followed  again  by  Mrs.  WooUard  with  Ulrich 
Brunner.  For  forty-eight  distinct  kinds  of  show  and 
fancy  Dahlias  Mrs.  Scale,  St.  John's  Nurseries, 
Sevenoaks,  won  witli  a  fine  lot  of  blooms,  well  varied 
in  colour  ;  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  Romford,  2nd. 
With  twenty-four  varieties  Mr.  Keith,  Brentwood, 
was  1st,  and  Mrs.  Seale  2nd.  The  class  for  deco- 
rative kinds  produced  an  excellent  display,  Messrs, 
Paul  &  Son  being  tlie  winners  with  good  bunches  of 
Annie  Harvey,  Constance,  Picta,  formosissima.  Cochi- 
neal, Mrs.  Hawkins,  and  Juarezii ;  Mrs.  Seale  a  good 
2nd^the  same  two  exhibitors  taking  similar 
positions  with  pompon  varieties,  having  selections  of 
the  best  sorts.  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons  staged  well 
in  the  class  for  single  kinds,  and  won  the  1st  prize, 
Messrs.  Paul  &  Son  following.  Asters  were  a  strong 
class,  so  also  was  that  provided  for  thirty-six  trusses  of 
hard}'  herbaceous  flowers  in  variety.  Messrs.  Balchin 
&  Son  here  had  the  1st  award  with  a  well  assorted 
collection  of  the  best  things  in  season  ;  Messrs.  Paul 
&  Son  took  2nd  place  with  a  showy  lot  of  stuff, 
strong  in  herbaceous  Phloxes. 

Table  Decorations  were  shown  in  considerable 
quantity.  For  three  stands  Mrs.  Seale  was  placed 
1st  with  well  finished  designs  of  light  arrangement, 
Mr.  Chard,  Stoke  Newington,  being  placed  2nd  with 
three  of  his  well  known  pattern,  in  this  instance, 
however,  somewhat  overdone  with  flower.  Messrs. 
Perkins  again  met  their  old  antagonist  with  bouquets 
(Mr.  Chard),  and  were  successful  in  beating  him. 
Their  bouquets  in  this  instance  could  hardly  be  sur- 
passed either  in  choice  of  size,  selection  of  material 
or  design,  Mr.  Chard  being  awarded  the  2nd  prize. 
Messrs.  Perkins  were  also  the  winners  of  the  first 


382 


THE     GAB  DENE  MS'     GUI?  ONI  CLE. 


[September  24,  1887. 


award  in  wreaths,  likewise  of  good  arrangement ; 
Mr.  Butcher,  of  Norwood,  coming  2nd  in  this,  a 
strong  class. 

Siove  aiKf'  Greenhouse  Cut  Flowers. — An  instructive 
feature  was  afforded  l)y  these.  Mr.  Archer,  gr.  to 
Mrs.  Gibson,  Saffron  Walden,  was  a  capital  1st ; 
and  Mr.  Portnell  a  good  2nd  for  twenty-four  varieties, 
each  showing  choice  kinds.  For  eighteen  kinds  Mr. 
Bolton,  gr.  to  J.  Spottiswood,  Esq.,  Sevenoaks,  was 
awarded  1st  position. 

!»■  Fntit. — This  part  of  the  show  was  a  fine  feature 
throughout  all  the  classes.  For  a  collection  of 
twelve  kinds,  Mr.  Waterman,  gr.  to  H.  Brassey,  Esq., 
Preston  Hall,  Maidstone,  staged  an  excellent  assort- 
ment, that  won  for  him  the  1st  prize  ;  a  fine  Queen 
Pine,  good  Muscat  of  Ale.xandria  and  Gros  Maroc 
Grapes,  capital  samples  of  Dymond  and  Late  Admir- 
able Peaches,  Humboldt  Nectarines  and  Beurro 
d'Amanlis  Pears,  were  his  best  dishes;  Mr.  Goldsmith, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Hoare,  Kelsey  Manor,  being  placed  2nd  : 
Black  Hamburgh  Grapes,  Pine-apple  Nectarine,  Figs, 
and  Clapp's  Favourite  Pear,  were  good  here.  With 
a  collection  of  six  kinds  of  Grapes,  Mr.  Chatfield,  gr. 
to  T.  Holraan,  Esq.,  East  Hoathley,  was  an  easy  1st, 
his  best  sorts  being  Buckland  Sweetwater,  finely 
coloured  ;  Black  Alicante,  and  Victoria  Hamburgh, 
tfce  latter  (as  it  is  often  seen)  of  a  foxey  colour.  The 
Muscat  classes  were  well  filled,  Mr.  Gray,  gr.  to  Earl 
Stanhope,  Chevening,  Sevenoaks,  winning  in  one 
case  ;  and  Mr.  Spottiswood,  gr.  to  G.  Duddell,  Esq., 
of  Brighton,  in  the  other,  both  lots  being  of  good 
colour.  In  the  black  Grape  classes,  Alicantes  and 
Hamburghs  shared  tlie  honours  between  them,  Mr. 
Colem.an,  Bentliam  Hill  Gardens,  Southborough, 
being  1st  with  the  former  ;  and  Mr.  Godby,  gr.  to  Dr. 
Moore.  Burgess  Hill,  with  the  latter,  each  having 
superior  examples.  Peaches  were  in  good  condition, 
lacking  neither  size  nor  colour ;  for  two  dishes,  Mr. 
Inglis,  gr.  to  T.  Lister,  Esq.,  Cuckfield,  won  with  fine 
fruit  of  Princess  of  Wales,  and  extra  so  of  Albatross  ; 
whilst  fine  Gros  Mignonne  and  Dymond,  from  Mr. 
Moorhouse,  gr.  to  Mr.  Temple,  Leyswood,  were 
awarded  the  2nd  prize.  For  a  single  dish,  Mr.  Smitli, 
gr.  to  Mrs.  Byas.s,  Neville  Court,  won  with  Walbur- 
ton  Admirable,  in  good  condition.  Nectarines  in 
two  kinds  were  best  shown  by  Mr.  Divers,  gr.  to  T. 
Hopgood,  Esq.,  Ketton  Hall.Stamford— Dryden,  of 
extra  fine  colour,  being  included  ;  Mr.  Eidout,  gr.  to 
T.  Heywood,  Esq.,  Reigate,  coming  2nd,  having  Pine- 
apple, very  fine — the  last-named  again  being  shown 
as  a  single  dish  by  Mr.  Mundell,  Moor  Park  Gardens, 
and  awiirded  the  1st  prize. 

Pears  were  shown  in  large  numbers  and  superior 
condition,  Beurre  d'Amanlis,  from  Mr.  Spottiswood, 
beating  several  dishes  of  fine  Williams'  Bon  Chretien, 
whilst  in  another  class  there  was  shown  an  extra 
good  dish  of  Clapp's  Favourite  (a  promising  Pear) 
by  Mr.  Goldsmith,  to  whom  the  1st  was  given. 
Stewing  Pears  were  put  up  in  considerable  humbers, 
and  of  good  average  size. 

Apples,  both  dessert  and  culinary,  were  produced 
in  quantity ;  among  the  latter  was  an  extra  fine  dish 
of  Nelson's  Glory,  from  Mr  Hopkins,  gr.  to  R. 
Thornton,  Esq.,  High  Cross,  Framfield,  to  which  the 
1st  prize  in  its  class  was  awarded.  In  another  class 
Mr.  Walleman  held  the  same  position  with  Peasgood's 
Nonsuch,  and  likewise  took  similar  honours  with 
Worcester  Pearmain  as  a  dessert  Apple. 

Plums  and  Green  Gages  were  well  represented  ;  of 
the  former  some  fine  Jefferson's  gained  1st  honours 
for  Mr.  Hodges,  gr.  to  S.  Gibbons,  Esq.,  Cuckfield, 
in  both  divisions,  who  also  took  1st  in  one  case  for 
the  latter,  and  Mr.  Neighbour,  Bickley  Park,  'the 
other;  these  were  all  finely  coloured  examples. 

Figs,  as  usual,  were  shown  of  the  best  description  ; 
Mr.  Butler,  of  Lancing,  was  the  winner  in  the  open 
class,  and  Mr.  Finch  in  that  from  which  growers  for 
sale  were  excluded. 

Morello  Cherries  were  another  strong  class,  Mr. 
Holman  winning  with  a  superior  dish. 

Messrs.  G.  Bunyard,  of  Maidstone,  staged  ninety 
dishes  of  Apples  and  Pears  of  the  highest  quality. 

A  First-class  Certificate  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Geo. 
Miles,  of  the  Dyke  Road  Nurseries,  for  Chrysanthe- 
mum Lady  Burrell,  a  most  promising  sport  from 
Madame  Desgrange,  of  a  pleasing  shade  of  pale 
yellow.  //. 


The  Weather. 


AglAONEMA  NEBULOSUM.-  a  new  Aroid  with 
decorative  foliage,  introduced  from  .lava  by  the 
"  Horticulture  Internationale,"  and  described  by 
Mr.  N.  E.  Brown,  in  the  Illuslration  Horticok,  t.  xxiv. 
According  to  tlie  plate,  the  stalked  oblong  acuminate 
leaves  are  green  on  the  upper  surface,  and  spotted 
and  blotched  with  numerous  milky-white  spots, 


MEAN  TEMPEKATUKE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWIOK  DUR- 
ING THE  WEEK  ENDING  OCT.  1.  (AVERAGE  OF 
FORTy-THEEE  YEARS.) 


Sept.  25 

...    SoO.Q 

Sept.  211 

..    65°.2 

„     26 

...    550.7 

,.     30 

..    66°.0 

„     27 

,.     28 

...    55''.S 
...    So".* 

Oct.      1 

Mean  for  the  week     . 

..    .51°.7 
.    55°  .3 

Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amoxint  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  o£  temperature  above  or 
belo'w  33°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees — a  "  Day-degree"  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


0.  Scotland,  N.    , 

1.  Scotland,  E.    , 
3.  England,  N.E.  , 

3.  England,  E. 

4.  Midland  Cos.  , 

5.  England,  S. 


6.  Scotland,  W.   ... 

7.  Englakd.N.W.... 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

9.  Ireland,  N. 
10.  ibeland,  s. 

—  Ckaitnel  Islands 


Temperature. 


Above  or 
below  the 
Mean  for 
the    week 

Sep*.  19. 


2  bdow 

2  below 
4  below 
4  below 
4  below 

3  below 


3  below 

4  below 
2  below 
2  below 
2  below 


Accumulated. 


nil 
j  Day- 


+  145  ■ 
+  171'- 

4-  167  - 


j-H  168 
I'-l-  165 
i'+  151 


-h  40  +  47 

-H  52  -h  118 

+  60  +  172 

-1-  222  -I-  23 

V   257  -I-  97 

+  67  -f-  77 


Rainfall. 

Bright 
sunsjline. 

Districts. 

151 
1^ 

hi 

III 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 
ducing Districts. 

Tenths  of 
Inch. 

Ins. 

0.  Scotland,  N,    ... 

4  less 

161 

27.8 

15 

24 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

2  less 

123 

16.4 

23 

34 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

2  more 

100 

12.0 

20 

34 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

1  less 

104 

12.0 

24 

43 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

3  less 

96 

13.0 

30 

38 

5.  England,  S.      ... 

0  (aver). 

96 

13.5 

82 

43 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 
Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

3  leS9 

126 

25.9 

42 

37 

7.  England,  N.W.... 

3  Ies3 

103 

16.3 

37 

38 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

2  leas 

99 

15.4 

40 

48 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

7  less 

126 

21.3 

38 

34 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

8  less 

107 

18.4 

51 

42 

—  Channel  Islands 

6  less 

110 

13.1 

40 

62 

THE  PAST  WEEK. 


The  following  summaiy  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Sept.  19,  is  fuj-nished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"  The  weather  has  again  been  in  .an  unsettled  state, 
and  rather  rainy  over  Scotland  and  in  nearly  all  the 
English  districts,  but  in  Ireland  the  conditions  have 
been  finer  than  of  late,  and  the  rainfall  very  slight. 


"  The  temperature  has  remained  below  the  mean 
for  the  season  in  all  districts,  the  deficit  ranging  from 
2'-'  in  Ireland  and  most  parts  of  Scotl.ind,  to  4'^  over 
the  greater  part  of  England.  The  highest  of  the 
maxima  were  generally  recorded  either  on  the  16th 
or  17th,  when  the  thermometer  rose  to  between  61° 
and  68°  in  .Scotland,  64°  and  69°  in  Ireland,  and 
63°  and  66°  in  England.  The  lowest  of  the  minima, 
which  were  registered  on  different  days  in  the  various 
parts  of  the  kingdom,  ranged  from  32°  in  '  England, 
S.W.,'  and  '  Ireland,  N.,'  to  40°  in  '  England,  N.E.,' 
'  England,  E.,'  and  '  England,  S.,'  and  to  46°  in  the 
'  Channel  Islands.' 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  more  than  the  mean  in 
'  England,  N.E.,'  but  less  in  nearly  all  other  districts. 

"  iriffht  sii)islii/ic  shows  a  decrease  in  the  '  \\'heat- 
producing  '  districts,  but  an  increase  in  most  of  the 
'grazing'  districts.  The  percentage  of  the  possible 
amount  of  duration  ranged  from  1.5  in  '  Scotland,  N.,' 
to  33  in  '  England,  S.,'  40  in  the  '  Channel  Islands,* 
42  in  '  Scotland,  W.,'  and  51  in  '  Ireland,  S.' " 


Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Amaryllis:  JT.  K  Gumhtifon.  Varieties  of  Ama- 
ryllis Belladonna,  all  distinct.  The  one  vou  have 
lost  tlie  name  of  is,  as  yoii  say,  the  best,  and  you 
should  send  flowers  to  him  from  whom  you  obtained 
it  for  identification.  The  variety  spectabilis  is 
larger  than  ordinary  Belladonna,  and  the  other 
two  are  pretty  and  worthy  on  account  of  their 
different  times  of  flowering.  There  is  yet  a  pure 
white  one  you  should  get,  if  you  can  find  it. 

Books  :  Wildfiowcr.  The  Gcrmaii  Flora.  Ap])Iy  to 
Williams  &  Norgate,  Henrietta  Street,  Covcnt 
Garden. 

Camellias  :  J.  D.  The  foliage  of  the  Camellia  sent 
has  all  the  appearance  of  having  been  scalded  by 
sun-heat.  The  plants  may  have  lost  their  foliage 
from  too  little  water,  or  too  much,  or  from  the  use 
of  strong  manure- water.  Without  fuller  details 
than  you  furnished  we  cannot  say  with  certainty 
what  has  caused  it. 

Corrections. — Koyal  Horticultural  Society,  repoi-tof 
show,  Tuesday,  September  13,  for  "  Mr.  Deverill, 
Rousham,  Aylesbury,"  read,  Mr.  Deverill,  Royal 
Seed  Stores,  Banburv. — In  article  "  Streptocarpus 
Rexii,"  p.  343,  line  'l6,  of  our  last  issue,  for  "  2.^ 
inches  to  4  inches,"  read,  2^  inches  to  6  inches. 

Ceippled  Buds  of  Chrysanthemums  :  Chrysanthe- 
mum. The  loss  of  the  points  of  Chrysanthemum 
shoots  is  a  very  common  occurrence  this  season, 
owing  mainly  to  the  extraordinary  number  of  pre- 
datory insects,  amongst  them  being  a  small  red- 
brown  one  which  punctures  the  leaves,  which  curl 
over  on  one  side,  causing  the  points  to  be  blind. 
This  seems  to  be  the  cause  of  your  trouble.  Ear- 
wigs bury  themselves  among  the  young  leaves, 
often  eating  out  the  points  of  the  shoots.  You 
erred  in  potting  your  plants  so  firmly  when  the 
loam  was  close  and  fibreless,  thereby  causing  slow 
root-growth.  In  your  case  you  ought  to  have 
added  some  charcoal,  or  wood  ashes,  and  have  potted 
the  plants  lightly.  The  leaves  and  shoots  sent 
showed  a  want  of  vigour  owing  to  defective  root- 
action.  Upon  some  of  the  leaves  mildew  was 
visible,  which  must  be  got  rid  of  by  dusting  the 
parts  affected  with  dry  sulphur.  The  small  leaves 
sent,  "  blistered,"'  as  you  term  them,  have  a  sort  of 
fungus  upon  them.  You  should  examine  the 
points  of  the  shoots  daily  for  any  of  the  insects 
named,  setting  traps  for  earwigs,  such  as  small 
inverted  pots,  with  a  small  portion  of  moss  in 
each,  placed  on  the  top  of  a  stake.  E.  Molyneux. 

Dexdrobium  densiflorum  :  H.  J.  C.  Certainly  the 
most  robust  and  beautiful  form  of  this  species  we 
have  seen.  The  lip,  too,  being  darker,  and  the 
inflorescence  longer  and  more  elegant  than  t'le 
type,  we  should  say  that  it  is  better  worth  a 
varietal  name  than  three-fourths  of  those  so  dis- 
tinguished.    No.  2  is  Begonia  socotrana. 

Double- FLOWERED  Heath:  C.  W.  8.  Uncommon, 
but  we  have  seen  it  before.  It  is  the  origin  of  the 
double  garden  varieties. 

Dying  Oranges:  S.  We  see  traces  of  scale  (Coccus) 
which  are  very  destructive.  Please  send  other 
specimens  and  leaves.  Petroleum  emulsion  used 
with  a  spray-pump  would  be  efficacious. 

Fungus  on  Burnt  Soil  :  JK  E.  The  examples  of 
pmall  red  fungi  from  burnt  soil  werf*  too  much  in- 


Septembek  24,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


383 


jured  by  dust  and  burnt  earth  for  identification. 
Tliey  probably  belong  to  one  of  the  almost  innu- 
merable set  of  little  red  species  of  Peziza.  They 
require  a  maximum  amount  of  time,  patience, 
and  credulity,  for  their  determination,  and  afl'ord 
the  minimum  amount  of  satisfactory  knowledge 
when  the  possible  name  is  at  last  secured.   W.  G.  S. 

Gkape  Gbos  CoLJLUt:  G.  B.  Very  well  ripened 
indeed,  the  result ;  doubtless,  of  the  very  warm 
summer. 

Heath  Pahasite  :  D.  ^-  T.  The  common  Dodder, 
seeds  of  which  have  probably  been  introduced  with 
the  peat.     Pull  it  ofi  and  burn  it  before  it  seeds. 

Insects  :  J.  E.  Your  box,  filled  with  shreds  and 
odd  leaves,  was  as  unsatisfactory  as  the  former 
one  acknowledged  by  us  in  our  Answers  to  Cor- 
respondents in  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle  of  July  30 
last.  We  found  no  insect,  alive  or  dead,  in  your 
new  lot ;  only  one  of  the  leaves  had  a  number  of 
minute  white  patches,  which  might  have  been 
produced  by  an  Aleyrodes.  If  you  will  take  the 
trouble  to  send  one  of  the  insects  to  Prof  ^Yest- 
wood,  Oxford,  you  will  probably  get  a  more  satis- 
factory answer. — M.  D.  The  caterpillars  feeding 
on  the  Oak  are  those  of  the  common  buff-tip  moth 
(Pygara  bucephala).  They  are  full  grown,  and 
the  mischief  is  done  for  the  present  year.  /.  O.  W. 

Market  Measures  :  C.  Empson.  A  sieve  contains 
7  imperial  gallons,  a  half  sieve  3i  imperial  gallons; 
a  bushel  sieve  10.}  imperial  gallons ;  a  bushel 
basket  =  an  imperial  bushel.  Walnuts,  Nuts, 
Apples,  and  Potatos.  arc  sold  by  the  last  named. 

Names  of  Fruit  :  JF.  C.  Plum  d'Agen,  probably. 
You  should  send  shoots  when  sending  varieties  of 
Plums  to  name. —  JV.  W.  A.  1,  Mank's  Codlin  ;  2, 
Beurr^  d'Anjou ;  4,  Benrre  d'Amanlis;  5,  Louise 
Bonne  of  Jersey ;  G,  Knight's  Monarch. —  li. 
Russell  Spencer.  Apple  Emperor  Ale.'cander. — 
C.  W.  Strickland.  Pear  Colmar  d'Et^  {^)—W.  11. 
Alcvander.     Apple  Margil. 

Names  of  Plants  :  Jas.  Boss.  Cypripedium  bar- 
batum,  one  of  the  cheap  Orchids. — H.  G.  Adian- 
tum  formosum.  —  J.  Imrie  ^-  Sons.  Nartheciuni 
ossifragum.  —  J.  IV.  1,  Staphylea  pinnata  (Blad- 
der-nut) ;  2,  Spiraea  sorbifolia  ;  3,  Leycesteria 
formosa. — J.  W.  G.  1,  Polygonum  cuspidatum  ; 
2,  Monarda  violacea ;  3,  Dracocephalum  virginia- 
num  ;  4,  Galega  officinalis  ;  5,  Polystichum  aculea- 
tnm  ;  6,  Lastrea  Filix-mas.  —  W'.P.  1,  Calycan- 
thus  occidentalis ;  2,  Leycesteria  formosa ;  3, 
Hibiscus  syriacus,  called  in  gardens  Althea  frutex ; 
4,  Picea  polita ;  5,  a  variety  of  Cupressus  Lawsoni ; 
G,  Cupressus  Lawsoni. — D.  J.  D,  Melilotus  offici- 
nalis.— J.  M"P.  Lobelia  cardinalis  ;  Salvia  sp. ; 
Eryngium  alpinum. — Box.  Retinospora  pisifera  var. 
plumosa ;  2,  Biota  orientalis ;  3,  Thuia  occidentalis  ; 
4,  Juniperus,  sp.  (2,  ^3,  and  4,  'specimens  insuSi- 
cient,  determination,  therefore  doubtful)  ;  5, 
Abies  Morinda ;  6,  Pteris  cretica  albo-lineata ; 
7,  T.  tigi'idia  pavonia. — H.  James.  1,  Tillandsia 
stricta;  2,  Epidendrum  fragrans.  —  P.  J.  1, 
2,  3,  all  varieties  of  Oncidium  prsetextum ; 
Primula  denticulata. — Border.  Photinia  serrulata, 
from  your  description. — James  Wright.  1,  Adian- 
tnm  hispidulum  ;  2,  A.  cuneatum  ;  3,  A.  decorum  : 
4,  A.  excisum  var.  multifida  ;  5,  Scolopendriura 
vulgare  var.  cristatum  ;  6,  Adiantum  cuneatum  ; 
7,  A.  Sancta  Catherinoe;  8,  Pteris  cretica  albo- 
lineata. 

Nepenthes  Rab-flesiana  and  N.  Hookeriana  at 
p.  346  :  A  transposition  has  been  effected  which 
should  be  amended.  I  intended  to  write  N. 
Hookeriana,  Low,  =(N.  Raftlesiana,  hort.),  not  of 
W.  Jack.  E.  D.  [With  reference  to  this  matter 
we  shall  have  more  to  say  later  on.  Ed.] 

Pampas  Grass  Plumes,  &c.  :  B.  A.  Cut  before  the 
plumes  are  fully  developed,  dry  in  the  sunshine, 
and  bleach  in  a  small  close  closet,  or  chest,  with 
sulphur  fumes. 

Silver  Pir  :  H.  if  C.  The  peculiar  growth  of  which 
you  send  a  specimen  is  due  to  the  attack  of  a 
fungus  (Peridermium  pini),  which  will  eventually 
destroy  the  tree.  The  only  thing  to  do  to  prevent 
it  spreading  is  to  cut  out  all  sickly  branches  and 
burn  them,  or  even  to  destroy  the  tree. 

Strawberry  Disease. — Your  correspondent,  "  Scot  " 
(p.  344),  should  have  forwarded  an  example  of  one 
of  his  diseased  and  dying  plants  :  the  information 
he  now  gives  is  insufficient.  The  genns  Frag.aria 
has  very  few  enemies  :  it  is  the  same  with  Poten- 
tiUa.  A  mildew  named  Oidium  Balsami  some- 
times fatally  attacks  Sfrawbemes,  but  "  Scot's  " 


case  may  have  been  something  very  different. 
iV.  G.  S. 
Two  Roses  :  Camirian.  They  would  do  better  in 
healthy  soil  outside,  but  the  stems  must  have  pro- 
tection in  winter  where  they  are  exposed  to  the 
weather.  Their  heads  must  have  the  benefit  of 
the  sun  at  least  half  the  d.iy. 

CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Hans  Niemand  &  Co.,  Harborne  Road,  Birmingham 

Carnations  and  Picbtees. 
LucoMBE,  PiNCE  &  Co.,  The  Exeter  Nursery,  Exeter 

— Bulbs  and  Roses. 
Storrie   &    Storrie,   Dundee,   N.B. — Bulbs,  Early 

Forcing    Spring     Flowering    and     Greenhouse 

Plants. 
0.1ZSH0TT  &  Millard,  Reading,  Berks — Seed  Corn. 
H.  Cannell  &  Sons,  Swanley,  Kent — Complete  List 

for  Autumn  and  Winter. 
J.  W.  Silver,  Norbury   and  Streatham   Nurseries, 

London,  S.W. — Bulbs. 
Ryder  &  Son,  Sale,  Manchester — New  "  Amateur's 

Guide,"  Flower  Roots,  Bulbs,  Roses,  &c. 
M.   Bruant,   Poitiers,    Vienne,   France  —  Exotics, 

Bulbs,  Chrysanthemums,  Vegetables  Novelties. 
Jas.  Shiel,  Rangiora,  Christchurch,  New  Zealand — 

Farm  Seeds. 
R.   W.  Proctor,  4,  Town  Hall  Buildings,  Chester- 
field —  Carnations,   Dutch    Bulbs,    and    other 

Flower  Roots. 
W.  RuMSEY,  Joyning's  Nursery,  Waltham  Cross,  N. 

— Roses,  Trees,  Shrubs,  Fruit  Trees,  &c. 
J.  R.  Watson,  7,  Stapletou  Teraace,  Crouch  Hill, 

N. — Bulbs  and  Roots. 
Messrs.    Webb    &    Sons,    Wordsley.   Stourbridge — 

Wheat,  Barley,  Oats,  and  other  Current  Season's 

Agricultural  Seeds. 


Cut  FLOWERa.— Average  WholesaiiE  Prices. 


CoMMUSICiTIONS  KEOEIVED.— T.  W.  T.— Asa  Gray.— S.  D.— 
W.  S.— E.  C— B.  J.— A.  F.  B.-W.  S.  M.— E.  J.  C.  B.— 
W.  G.— H.  C— J.  O'B.— E.  T.  M.— R.  D.— T.  B.— J.  T.  B.— 
G  S  — C.  W.  S.—W.  E.  D.— F.  S.— A.  G.— N.  E.  B.— Petz. 
—Wild  Rose.- J.  R.  .1.— West  Cheshire.- W.  L.— W.  B.— 
F.  Von  Mueller.— W.  B.  H.— J.  C— A.  R.  D.— W.  T.  Y. 
(with  many  thanks).— W.  S.—W.  H.  Maxwell.- W.  Daly 
(next  week). 
^°  Correspondents  sending  plants  or  fruits  to  be  named,  nr 

asking  gnestions  demanding  timeand  research  for  t/ieir  solution, 

must  not  expect  to  obtain  an  ansicer  to  their  CTiquiries  in  the 

current  week. 


Markets. 

CO  VENT  GABBEN,  September  22. 
Trade  still  quiet,  and  heavy  supplies.   Jaines  Web- 
ber, Wholesale  Apple  Market. 

Fruit. — Average  Wholesale  Prices. 

s.d.  s.d.  I  s.  d.  s.  d. 

Apples,  |-sieve       ...  1  3-  3  6    Lemons,  per  case   ...12  0-21  0 
Plums,  ^sieve       ...  1  6-  4  0    Melons,  each  ...  0  6-  1  0 

Grapefl,  per  lb.       ...  0  9-  1  6  |  Peaches,  dozen       ...  1  0-  6  0 


Vegetables.- Average  Retail  Prices. 


Beans,  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliilowera,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Celery,  per  bundle  ...  16-20 
Cucmntiers,  each  ...0  6-10 
Endive,  per  dozen  ...  3  0-  ... 
Green  Mint,  bunch...  0  4-  ... 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ...  0  4-  ... 
Leeks,  per  bunch  ...  0  3~  ... 
Lettuce,  per  dozen...  2  0-50 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each...  0  3-  ... 


.  0  4- 


,40-! 


Mushrooms,  punnet  16-20 
Mustard   and  Cress, 

Onions,  per  bushel .. 
Parsley,  per  bunch.. 
Peaa,  per  quart 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    ., 

,,  kidney,  percwt.  4  0-50 
Shallots,  per  lb.  ...  0  3-  ... 
Spinach,  per  bushel...  3  6-  ... 
Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 

Tomatos,  per  Ih.  ...  0  9-  ... 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  8-  ... 
Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2-  ... 


Potatos.— Kent  Regents,  70s.  to  90s. ;   Beauties,  90s.  to 
llOs. ;  and  Magnums.  70s.  to  90s.  per  ton. 

PLANTS  IN  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Asters,  per  dozen  ...  3 
Balsams, perdozen...  3 
Capsicum,  dozen  ...  5 
Chrysanthcm., dozen  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen  .  4 
Dracjena  terminalis, 

per  dozen 30 

—  viridis,  per  doz.  9 
Ericas,  various,  doz.  6 
Euonymua,  in    var., 

per  dozen 6 

Evergreens,  in  var., 

per  dozen 6 

Ferns,  in  var.,  doz.  4 
Ficus  elastics,  each  .  I 


d.s.d.  I 

0-18  0  '  Foliage  plants,  va; 
0-6  0        ous,  each  ... 
0-6  0    Fuchsias,  doz. 
0-  9  0  I  Heliotrope,  dozen 
0-90,  Hydrangeas,  doz.   , 


.  2  0-10  0 
.30-90 
.40-80 
,  9  0-12  0 


0-12  0     Lili ,- 

dozen         6  0-12  0 

0-60  0      —  lancifolium,   per 

0-24  0  !      dozen         6  O-IS  0 

0-12  0  '  Mignonette,  doz.  ...  4  0-  6  0 
I  Myrtles,  per  dozen...  6  0-12  0 
0-18  0  Palms,  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  0 
Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 
0-24  0  !  —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 
(h-l8  0  I  —  Ivydeaved,  doz.  2  0-40 
e-  7  0  I  SceDt*dVerbeaa-,do«.  4  0-60 


Abutilons,  12  bun  ... 
Arum  Lilies,  12  blms. 
Asters,  12  bunches... 

—  Freucli,  per  bun. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  blms. 

—  dozen  bunches... 
Chrysantll.,  12  bun. 

—  large,  12  blooms 
Cornflower,  12  bun. 
Eucharis,  per   dozen 


2  0-40 

3  0-50 
10-30 
10-20 
0  6-10 
0  6-10 
3  0-60 
2  0-60 
10-40 
10-20 


Lavender,  12  bun.  ...  4  0-  S 
Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  0-6 
Mignonette,  12  bun.  0  9-2 
Myosotis,  12  bun.  ...  2  0-3 
Pelargoniums,  12  spr.O  6-  1 

—  scarlet,  12  spr....  0  3-  ( 
Primulas,  double,  12 

sprays       0  9-1 

Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  0-  ( 
Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-1 

—  coloured,  dozen.  0  6-] 

—  red,  perdozen  ...  0  3-  ( 

—  Salfrano,  dozen...  0  6-  { 
Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-  ■ 
Sunflowers,  12  bun.  2  0-  < 
Tuberoses.  12  blms....  0  6-  '. 


SEEDS. 

London:  Sept.  21. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.G., 
report  to-day's  market  quiet.  The  sowing  demand 
for  Trifolium  is  now  nearly  over,  and  low  prices 
consequently  prevail.  Winter  Tares  move  off  freely 
at  the  moderate  rates  current.  There  is  no  change 
this  week  in  seed  Rye.  Blue  Peas  are  now  excep- 
tionally cheap.  For  Canary  and  Hemp  seed  the 
inquiry  is  meagre.  Some  new  French  white  Millet 
has  just  arrived,  and  is  offering  on  reasonable  terms. 
There  is  but  little  business  passing  in  feeding  Lin- 
seed. 

FRTJIT   AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  21. — Moderate 
supplies  of  fruit,  vegetables,  and  Potatos.  Trade 
good.  Prices  :  —  Fruit :  Eating  Apples,  2s.  6d.  to 
4s.  (id.  per  bushel ;  cooking  do..  Is.  Gd.  to  3s.  6d. 
do. ;  Pears,  3s.  to  Gs.  do. ;  common  do.,  2s.  6d.  to 
3s.  6d.  do. ;  Plums,  Victorias,  Is.  6n!.  to  2s.  per  half- 
sieve  ;  black  do..  Is.  Gd.  to  2s.  do. ;  Orleans  do., 
Is.  dd.  to  2s.  6d.  do. ;  Damsons,  Is.  M.  to  2s.  Gd.  do. ; 
Tomatos,  2s.  to  3s.  perdozen  pounds.  Vegetables: 
Cabbages,  2s.  Gd.  to  5s.  Gd.  per  tally ;  Greens,  Is.  Gd. 
to  2s.  per  dozen  bunches;  Turnips,  2s.  Gd.  to  3s. 
do. ;  Carrots,  2s.  to  2s.  Gd.  do. ;  Onions,  2s.  Gd.  to 
3s.  Gd.  do. ;  Mint,  Is.  Gd.  to  2s.  do. ;  Parsley,  Is.  Gd. 
to  2s.  do. ;  Scarlet  Beans,  4s.  to  4s.  Gd.  per  sieve  ; 
Vegetable  Marrows.  9d.  to  Is.  per  dozen;  English 
Onions,  5s.  to  5s.  Gd.  per  cwt. ;  foreign  do.,  4s.  to 
5s.  per  bag  of  110  lb. 


POTATOS. 

Borough  and  Spitalfields  :  Sept.  20.  —Fair  sup- 
plies, dull  trade.  Quotations : — Hebrons,  90s.  to 
120s.  ;  Regents,  70s.  to  100s. ;  Magnum  Bonum,  70s. 
to  90s. ;  Early  Roses,  70s.  to  90s.  per  ton. 

Colujibia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  21.— Quotations : 
— Magnums,  Gos.  to  86s. ;  Regents,  70s.  to  90s. ;  Beauty 
of  Hebron,  95s.  to  lifts. ;  Early  Rose,  85s.  to  95s.  per 
ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  1  bag  from  Libau,  585  Hamburgh,  4  Rot- 
terdam, 52  Amsterdam,  201  Harlingen,  60  casks 
Malta,  62  tons  15  boxes  Barfleur,  9  p.ackages  Bremen. 


London  Fruit  Buyers  and  Auctioneers. 

— On  Tuesday  a  very  large  meeting  of  fruit,  flower 
and  vegetable  buyers  was  held  at  Freemasons' Hall, 
to  form  a  protective  association.  The  Chairman 
(Mr.  P.  H.  Garcia)  stated  that  the  object  of  the 
meeting  was  to  take  some  steps  to  redress  grievances 
under  which  buyers  had  laboured  for  many  years, 
and  which  now,  owing  to  their  treatment  by 
the  auctioneers,  had  become  intelerable.  It  was 
chiefiy  to  put  an  end  to  the  undue  running 
up  of  prices  and  other  unfair  practices  of 
auctioneers  that  the  society  was  to  be  formed. 
They  had  not  been  called  together  to  create  a  boy- 
cotting association,  but  to  discuss  what  right  and 
honourable  means  they  could  adopt  to  redress  their 
grievances  and  to  protect  themselves  from  the  many 
ill-practices— such  as  the  manufacturing  of  samples, 
the  running  up  of  prices,  &c.— of  which  they  com- 
plained. He  then  stated  that,  while  the  Association 
would  not  undertake  to  interfere  with  petty  indi- 
vidual disputes  between  buyer  and  seller,  it  would 
take  up  and  bear  the  cost  and  responsibility  of  any 
case  which  aft'ected  the  trade  generally.— Mr.  H. 
Rightly  (the  hon.  secretary)  stated  that  more  than 
nine-tenths  of  the  large  meeting  had  enrolled  their 
names  as  members,  and  had  paid  a  subscription  to 
the  funds.  Globe,  Sept.  22. 


384 


THE     GABDENEIiS'     CITBONICLE. 


[Septesibeb  24,  1887. 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 

ARDEN    REQUISITES.  — Sticks,    Labels, 

Virgin  Cork,  Raffia,  Mats,  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Manures,  &c.    Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  ASD  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 

Bosber'a  Garden  Edging  Tllea. 


HE   ABOVE   and  many  other  PATTERNS 

-     -  -        ,j,|^^  j^j^^j 

,         -    1  for 
J  KITCHEN     GARDENS, 
they  harbour    no    Slus: 
Insects,  take  up  little 
and  once  put  down  inc 
further  labour  or  expense, 
own  "  Edgings,  con 
quently  being  much  cheaper, 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS,  &c.,  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F,  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers,  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E. ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Koad,  £. 

Agents    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,   and   PROPAGATING    BOXES  :     also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  G.IRDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconips,  &c., 
from  35.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,    for    Lining    Walls   of   Dairies. 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability,  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kindw.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety.  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  KOSHER  AND  CO..  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 


eiLVER  SAND, 

k_?     fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Pits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BURRS  for  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 

HILL    &    SMITH'S 

BLACK       VARNISH 

for  Preserving  Ironwork,  Wood,  or  Stone. 


(Registered  Trade  Mark.) 

An  excellent  substitute  for  oil  paint,  at  one-third  the  cost. 

Used  in  all  London  Parks,  at  Windsor,  and  Kew  Gardens, 

and  on  every  important  estate  in  the  Kingdom.    Has  stood 

the  te«t  of  forty  years'  trial.      Requires  no  mixing;  can  be 

applied  cold  by  any  ordinary  labourer. 

Price  Is.  6rf.  per  gallon  at  the  manufactory,  or  carriage-paid 
to  any  railway  station.  Is.  8rf.  per  gallon  in  casks  of  3fj,  20,  or 
10  gallon^;. 

HA  77"7^  Tf)  A7 Every  cask  bears  the  above  Registered 

T^ade     Mark.       Beware    of     cheap 


HILL      &      SMI TH 

Brierley  Ironworks,  Dudley ; 

118,  Queen  Victoria  Street,  London,  E.C. ; 

47,  Dawson  Street,  Dublin. 


CARSON'S   PAINT 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames,   &c. 
1  Cwt.,    and    OU    Mixture,     Free   to    all    Stations, 

intrf  for  Inside  Work,  CoDServntorie-.,  .^c. 
terns,  and  Testimonials,  Post-free. 


Non-Poi? 


LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YARD,  LUDGATE  HILL,  E.C. ; 

liAfMIELORS  WALK,  DVBhm. —  Dismmit frr  Ciish. 


NEW  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— RUSSIA 
MATS  ot  all  descriptions,  RAFFIA  FIBKE,  TOBACCO 
RAG  and  PAPER,  supplied  to  the  Trade  at  Lower  Prices  than 
any  other  firm  this  season.— MAKENDAZ  and  FISHER,  9  and 
10,  James  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis,  Lice.  Red  Spider.  Thrip.  Mealy 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  Ac.  dc. 
PERFECTLY  )   '°  ^^^  Hands  and  Pkin,  but  will  eur« 


(SOLUBLE)  INSEGTIOIOE 

A  fi,iiil.iTi:.li..n  nf  Uv.hccnl.im  flil.-,  m.,.^,■  n.liil.le  io 
Wutrr,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSECTS  &  PARASITES 
that  infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whoth.n  ut  1!iu  l:,.ots  or 
on  the  Folii^e, 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  (llTiemists.  Is.  Gd,  Ts,  G.l.  &  -s.  6d; 

A  gallon  7s.  Gd,  1  gallon  12s.  Gd,  or  less  in  linger  quantities. 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  es  an  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester, 

Wh..l..s.ik. :  HoopKii  S:  Co. ,  ConitY,  S.jpf.b,  Fowi.f.u  i-  Oo. ; 
C.  E.  O.iJiAS  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chants and  Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses.  NEW 
YORK— KuLKEK  &  SOMS. 


HUGHES'  Fir  tree  Oil 


Throirs  a  fine 
ypriiij  20  ft.,  and 
ajd  30  ft.,  u-iih 
great  furce. 

A  splendid, 
snlstitute  for  the 
Si/ringefof  u-iing 
Insecticide,  Price 
2.5s.  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
purposes,  45s. 
Carrias^-e  Paid. 


For 
Glass  Houses 


GREEN&CREAMCOLORSHADING 


Convenient,  Inexpensive— Easily  applied  — I.a.sts  all  the 

.Summer,  and  can  then  be  easily  washed  ull.    Is.,  post  1'3. 

For  Fixing  Bloom  of  Azaleas,      JJ  8  |  OlU  P~0  > 

&c.,  and  for  Cut  Flowers.         Fl  U  L>)  rl  E.O 

FLORAL  CEIVIES^IT. 


HUGHES'   STYPTIC 

Vov  rn'vi'iitiiifi  Vines  Bleediiig  nftcr  rrnniiip:. 
Vc-ry  elfectiutl  iii  prevenliub'  I't'.r  (lu^v  of  Kip  in  Yinrs  bring 
wasted.    la  bottles  1/G  and  2,6.    Per  pM^t,  :ui.  .xtni. 
or  Destroying  Beetles,  Cockroa 
Crickets.  Bu^,  Fleas,  Mosquitos,  &c, 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

M.,st   firrrliril    in   rir«.nlu«w.s,-ff,r  Anuii:ils  and   Bed 
(iutliiHT,     rn.v.  lid..  Is.  A-  ■-•li.     Frii.o.sl  :ia.  extra. 

E,  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  V7,;y,L'^.'' 

I/'OTORIA  &  CATEATON  STREET,  M^.NOHESTER 


PORTABLE     CUCUMBER    FRAMES. 

RH  A  L  L  I  D  A  Y     and      CO.    desire   to 
•    draw  special  attention  to  their    Cucumber  Frames, 
of  "'hich  they  always  have  a  large  stock,  ready  glazed  and 
painted.     They  are  made  o£  the  best  materials,  and  can  be  put 
together  and  taken  apart  in  a  few  minutes  by  any  one. 
Prices  delivered  to  any  station  in  England  : —  £  s.  d. 

2-light  frame.    8  feet  by  6  feet  1    -p^r,:^„    (       3  10    0 
3-lightframe.l2feetby6feet^„^ff'''?.|J        5    5    0 
6-lichtframe.  24feetby6feet^^^®^  ^^^(      10    0    0 
The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in.    Lights  and  framing  for 
brick  pits  at  proportionately  low  prices. 

CO., 


R.     HALLIDAY     & 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engine 
EOY.IL     HORTICULTITRAL    WORKS,     MIDDLETON, 

.M.\NCHESTER. 

London  Agent,  Mr  H  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &c , 

2,  HoUoway  Road,  N 


3d- 


Fonign  of  th.    il»».   M. 
and  4ths  qualities    ilv\t)>k.i't 
stock  of  similar  currel 


1  of    16-OZ    glass 


200  teetboxi 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneous 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtjiined  from 

GEORGE  FARMILOE  &  SONS, 

nLA.SS,  LEAD,  OIL  and  I'OLorR  MERCHANTS, 

34,  St.  John  Street,  West  Smithfleld,  London,  E.C. 

stock  Liat  and  Prices  on  upf.hciUnin.     Quote  Chronicle. 

W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HOETICULTITRAL  BUILDEBS. 

121,  BUNHILL  ROW.  LONDON,  EC. 


W  H  LASCELLES  and  CO  w  11  g  ve  Est  mates  for  every 
description  of  HORTICULTURAL  WORK,  free  of  charge,  and 
send  competent  assistants  when  necessary. 

LASCELLES'    NEW    ROCKWORK    material    in    varioos 
colours.    Samples  can  be  seen  and  prices  obtained  at 
121,  Bnnhill  Row,  London,  E.C. 

Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,  Greenhouses,  and 
r..ii~.Ti  itones.  and  I'onrrete  Slabsfor  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
s.  hi  ,,,-.  fr.,.oni,pi.!H.,l„,i,.         

CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  CLASS. 

Packages  ami  packing  frte.  and  dclici-rrd  to  am/  London  Station. 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 

21  c 


13i  by    8}  for  10/-  for  14/- 


14/-  or  300  squares  15  ounce,  8  by  6, 
15/6  or  260  squares  SJ  by  (ij,  or  220 
19/-  squares,  9J  bv  6^,  or  170  squares, 
24/-  i)  by  7J,  or  1.50  squares,  10  by  S, 
for  10s.    Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 


Z\l- 


rJEi. 


0     .,  12     „     24/-   „    35/- 

Gla-ss  cut  to  any  si/e  at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OLL  PUTTY.     PAINTS,  ready  miied  for  u 
a  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  5(/.  Jier  pound.     Special  quotatic 
iven  for  large  quantitie-i. 

J.     B.     ROBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LEAD    AND     GLASS    WAREHOUSE, 

14.  Moor  Lane.  Crlpplegate,  London,  B.C. 


BECKETT      BROS., 

Horticultural  Engineers,  Chelmsford. 

Apply  for  our 

Special  LIST  of  Cheap  and  Substantial  Buildings, 
POST-FREE. 


SfiPTEMBEn  24,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


885 


'DomesticliJater-  SupplYi 


©      "  RIDER'S   Petent  HOT  AIR 

I  Household  Pumping  engine, 

©       with  pBtent  ~  ' 


ire  movable 
^  Furnace 


Cost  of     i 
raising  S 

10  0  0  Gaim© 

QO  ft. High  I 

One  PENNY.g 


BOULTON  &  PAUL,    NORWICH, 

HORTICULTURAL   BUILDERSani  HEATING   ENGINEERS. 

Our  GREEXHOUSES  and  HEAT- 
ING APPARATUS  are  Erected  in 
every  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

Complete  Ranges  of 

VINERIES 

PEACH    HOUSES, 

FORCING    HOUSES,    &c.. 


GARDEN    FRAMES 

of  pvery  variety  in  stock. 
General  CATALOGUE  Po%t-free. 


WHY     PAY     HIGH     PRICES, 

When   you    can    purchase   a    thoroughhj    good    and    sound    Champagne   for 

30/.  DOZEN.     GEVENCEY.     30/-°»^eh. 

SOLE    AGENTS :— 

JOHN  C.   HANDS  &  CO., 
99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.G., 

OLD-ESTABLISHED    WINE    and   SPIRIT    MERCHANTS   and  AGENTS. 

THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSORIPTION. 


W.    RICHARDS, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 


LONDON,  W.C. 


_1887. 


Please  send  me  "  Thb  Gaedenebs'  Chronicle  "  for 


__Months, 


commencing  _ 


_,for  which  I  enclose  P.0.0,^ 


IS"  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  In  advance.  ^ 

THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  :— 12  Months,  l-5s. ;   6  Months,  7s.  6d. ;   3  Months,  3.!.  9d. ;    Post-free. 

FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17s.  6d.  for  12  Months.    India  and  China,  19s.  6 

Receipts  for  less  than  six  months'  subscription  will  not  be  sent  unless  specially  asked  for. 


P.0.0.  to  be  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office, 
No.     42,     DRITBY    LANE,     London,     to    W.     RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRUMMOKD." 


FAAVIvES'  Slow-combus- 
tion HEATING  APPARATUS. 
— Most  efficient  and  cheapest  in  ex- 
istence. Requires  no  sunk  stokehole 
and  no  brick  setting.  Will  last  all 
night  without  attention.  Will  burn 
house  cinders,  therefore  costs  next  to 
nothing  for  fuel.  Any  one  can  fix  it. 
A  domestic  servant  can  stoke  it. 

Boilers  Delivered  Carriage  Paid 
from  £2  10s 


paratus     of     tin 
kind. 

ptfte  Appnratu 
which     u'tlt     jiot 
la.^t  (ill  night 

Fullpitrticulars 


of 


every  sized  Ap- 
paratus, and 
numerous  Testi 
moniab  for  last 

showing    enorm 

free  on  applica 
tion. 

CROMPTON    & 

CHELMSFORD 


QUfi^^Mi^j 


FAWKES, 


THOS.    W.    ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  lEONSVOSKS,  STOUEBBIDGE, 


The  Best 
i*fe.  and  Quickest 
Made. 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot- water  Pipes,  9feet  long,  4s.  Zd.  each; 

4-in.  Socket  Hot-water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  4s.  6d.  each. 

Full  Illustrated  Revised  Price  List  on  applicatt.'m. 


HENRY  HOPE, 

HorticuHitral  BuihltT  and 


Ilot-icater  Enginei 

6S,  Lionel  St.,  Birmingham. 

Plans  and  Estimates  on 
application. 
Experienced  Workmen  sent  to  any  part  of  the  Kingdom. 

THOS.  W.   ROBINSON, 

DENNIS  PARK  IRONWOKKS,  STOURBRIDGE.     ' 


4-in.  Expansion  Joint  Hot- water  Pipes,  9  feet  long,  As.Zd.e\ 
4-in  Socket  Hot- water  Pipes,  9feet  long,  4s.  6rf.  each. 
Full  Ilhistrated  Revised  Price  List  on  application. 


886 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHBONICLE. 


[September  24,  1887. 


THE  CARDENER^GHRONIGLE. 

Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising-. 

Head  Line  charged  as  two. 


4  Lines.' 

£0 

3 

0 

15  Lines. 

.  £0    8 

6 

5       „     . 

.     0 

3 

6 

16      „     . 

.     0    9 

0 

6      „     . 

.     0 

4 

0 

17      „     . 

.     0    9 

6 

7      „     . 

.     0 

4 

6 

18      „     . 

.     0  10 

0 

8      „     . 

0 

0 

0 

19      „     . 

.     0  10 

« 

9      „     ■ 

0 

5 

6 

20      „     . 

.     0  11 

0 

10      „     . 

0 

6 

0 

21       „     . 

0  11 

6 

11       „     . 

0 

6 

6 

22      „     . 

.     0  12 

0 

12      „     . 

0 

7 

0 

23      „     . 

.     0  12 

6 

13      „     . 

0 

7 

6 

24      „     . 

.     0  13 

0 

14      „     . 

0 

8 

0 

25      „     . 

0  13 

6 

AND  SIKPE^fCE   FOR   ETERr  ADDITIONAL  LINE. 

If  38t  across  two  Colamas.  the  lowest  charsa  will  be  20s. 

IE  set  across  three  Coluaaas.  the  lowest  ch;irge  will  be  3:)s. 

P.vge,  £S;     Hilt  Page,  £1  lOs. ;     Column,  £!. 


3ARDEtt£RS  an4  OTHERS  WANTINa  SIT0ATI0K3. 

215  words,  incluliQg  name  aail  allress.  Is.  6(., 
|aQd  6i.  for  every  additional  line  (abont  9  words)  or  part 


Th 

THESE 
■i  scale  do 
Situations 

ADVERTISE.ME 

's  not  apply 
which  are  ch 

to 
irg 

dat 

the 

ements  of  Vacant 
ordinary  scale. 

IMPORTANT  XOTICE.—  Aiosrtisers  are  cauUonei 
agaimt  hioinj  Littirs  ailrmei  to  [iiitials  at  Pjtt-o/fi^e^,  at 
all  Lstters  so  aiirsi^ei  are  opjmi  by  the  authorities  ani 
return^i  to  ths  ssaisr. 

Births.  Deatsj  aal  MiRBii.as5,  5?.  erjh  imertioa. 

Aiosrtissmmti  for  tht  current   w;ek  mu3T  rei':h   the  OJioe 

h'j  Thitrsiiy  noon. 

All  Sal)3criptioa3  Payable  in  Advauca. 

TSE  U.VirsD  Kl^'i!o^t:    12  M):lMl^  153.;    6  Mjuthi, 

73.  61.;   3  Mootli^.  3S.  9d. 

ForEIQ;?   (exc^ptiti;   iQilia  ami   Cliuia);    including  Postag;, 

173.  61.  for  12  Mjaths:   Imlia  and  Chioa.  193.  61 

Po3b-offica  Orders   to  ba   raaftfl   piyable    at  the   Post  Oflfiie, 

42,  DaURr  L-iNE.  W.C.  to  W.  RlCHiRD3. 

PUBLISHING  Office  and  Office  for  Advertisements. 

41.  Wellin^fcOQ  Street.  Sbraad.  London.  W.C. 

Accidents   at   Home  and    Abroad. 

Railwav  Accidents,  Employer's  Liability,  insured  .isainat  by  the 

RAILWAY  PASSENGERS'  ASSURANCE 
CO.MPANY,  64,  Cornhill,  London.  Income,  £246.000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118,000  accidents,  £2,350,000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farquhar,  Esq. 
West  End  Office,  8,  Grand  Hotel  Buildings.  W.C.  ;  Head 
Office,  64,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 
WILLIAM  J.  VTAN.  Secretary 

THE    BEST   REMEDY    FO.^    INDIGESTION. 

r 


CAMOM 


Are  confidently 


Beo  Testimonial,  selected  from  hundreds  :— 

CROYDON,  iSSj. 

"  Having  been  a  sufferer  from  Indi- 
gestion for  many  years,  I  am  happy  to 
say  that  I  have  at  last  not  only  been 
relieved  but  perfectly  cured  by  using 
Norton's  Pills,  and  confidently  recom- 
mend them  to  all  suffering  from  the  same. 
"J.    WILKINSONr 

For  other  Testimonials,  see  Monthly  Magazines. 
Sold  everywhere,  price  15.  i\d.,  2s.  gd.  and  115. 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P    P     S    '    S 

QRATEFUL— COMFORTING. 

COCOA 


MADE    WITH    BOILINQ    MILK. 


FREDERICK    L.    MAY   &   CO., 

(Publishers  of  May's  Prkss  Orinp:,) 
ADVERTISING  AGENTS. 

l.V..,  pICr.VDILLY, 

LONDON,  \V., 
RKCEIVE  ADVERTISEMENTS  for  all  London.  Provincial, 
Coutinental,    Colonial,    and  American   Newspapers  and  other 
Publications,  for  one  or  any  number  of  insertions,  and  are  pre- 
pared to  open  accounts   with    Solicitors,    Auctioneers,    and 
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Belgian. 

BULLETIN  d'ARBORICULTURE, 
de  FLORICULTURE,  et  de  CULTURE  MARAI- 
CHERE.  A  monthly  horticultural  work,  with  superb  Coloured 
Plates  and  Illustrations.  Published  siiii.e  1865.  by  F.  BURVE- 
NICH,  F.  PaTNAKRT,  E.  RoDIGAS.  and  H.  .T.  VAN  HULLE, 
Professors  at  the  Horticultural  .School  of  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment at  Ghent.     Post-paid,  10s.  per  annum. 

H.  J.  VAN  HULLE.  Botanical  Gardens.  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Farms,  Estates,  Residences. 

Any  one   desirous  of  Renting   a  Farm  or  Residence, 
Purchasing  an  Estate,  can  have  copies  of  tlip 

MIDLAND  COUNTIES'  HERALD 
supplied  free  for  six  weelts  on  statirn;  Ihf  ]>iirpiise  for 
which  the  paper  is  required,  forwnr.iiir  n  im.  i  'pI  .li  h'-,  Ami 
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EVUE    de    I-HORTICULTURE     BELGE 

et  ETRANGERE  (Belgian  and  Foreign  Horticultural 
Review) — 13th  vear. — .imongthe  principal  Contributors  are  : — 
A.  Allard.  E.  'Andre.  C.  Baltet,  F.  Bun-enich,  F.  Crepin, 
O.  de  Kerchove  de  Denterghem,  P.  E.  de  Puydt,  A.  M.  C. 
Jongkindt  Coninck,  J.  Kickx.  T.  Moore.  C.  Naudin.  B.  Oliveira, 
H.  Ortgies.  E.  Pynaert.  E.  Sodigas.  O.  Thomas.  A.  van  Geert 
Son,  H.  J.  van  Hulle,  J.  Tan  Voliem,  H.  J.  \'eitch.  A  West- 
mael,  and  P.  Wolkenst«in. 

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GARDENING    APPOINTMENTS. 

Mr.  T.  Griffiths,  late  Head  faardener  at 
Woolley  Park,  Wakefield,  has  been  appointed 
Head  Gardener  to  H.  Appleton,  Esq.,  Adel 
Hall,  Leeds. 

Mr.  D.  Haylee  has  been  appointed  Head 
Gardener  to  W.  Hannafobd,  Esq.,  Tenterden 
Hall,  Hendon,  N.W.,  in  succession  to  Mr. 
Watts. 

Mr.  T.  Reed  has  been  appointed  as  Head  Gar- 
dener to  Sir  Augustus  Addf.rlev,  Davenport, 
Bridgnorth. 


Alexandra  Orphanage,  Homsey  Rise.  N. 
AAT'ANTEl),  aGAUDENKU,   tn   take   Charge 

T  T  alone  of  the  Garden  at  the  above  Institution  for 
Orphan  Children.  Wages  23s.  per  week,  with  cottage  and 
vegetables  found.  Age  not  to  exceed  40.  One  with  no  encum- 
brance preferred.  Applications,  with  copies  of  three  testimon- 
ials, to  be  sent  in  to  the  undersigned  notlaterthantheSOthinst. 
— JONADAB  FINCH.  Secretary;  Offices,  173,  Cheapside.  E.C. 


M 


ESSRS.    THOS.   CRIPPS   and    SON,  The 

Tuubridge  Wells'  Nurseries,  Kent,  have  a  VACANCY 
in  their  establishment  for  a  first-class  PROPAGATOR  of  Hard 
and  Soft-wooded  Plants.  Must  be  especially  skilful  with 
Clematises,  Rhododendrons,  Roses,  Conifers,  Acers,  &c. — 
Address  as  above,  stating  age,  wages  required,  and  enclosing 
testimonials. 


WANTED,  a  thoroughly  experienced 
ORCHID  GROWER,  a  young  married  man  preferred, 
who  has  been  several  years  in  his  last  situation.  Must  have 
unexceptional  references.  —  Apply,  by  letter  only  to  F. 
SANDER  AND  CO.,  St.  Albans. 

WANTED,  a  young  MAN,  to  attend  to  a 
Garden,  and  to  make  himself  generally  useful  as  a 
Labourer  in  the  Works.  A  good  character  from  last  place  in- 
dispensable. Wages  5J<i.  per  hour. — Apply  at  the  Mathema- 
tical Instrument  Works,  Lower  Road,  Charlton,  near  Woolwich. 

W"  ANTED,  an  ASSISTANT  SHOPMAN, 
not  under  21,  in  the  FLORAL.  SEED,  and  NURSERY 
TRADE.  Must  have  had  good  ''xperi-ib-.-  in  each  depnrtment. 
be  quick  at  Floral  Work,  ,mM  .i  i'^'\  S.il.'sman.— Full  par- 
ticulars, with  refereiHT-,  v  |,  &c.,  to  EDWIN 
HILLIER,  Seedand  Fiunil  I'    ,     l  .'         .    -t.-r. 


HANS  NIEMAND  am-  e'l.'.,  Royal  Nurseries, 
Edgbaston,  Birmingham,  are  in  WANT  of  a  respectable, 
sliarp,  young  MAN,  with  good  address  and  taste,  well  up  in 
the  Cut  Flower  Department,  Wreath,  Bouquet,  &c..  Work,  to 
act  as  Salesman.  One  with  some  knowledge  of  Book-keeping 
preferred.— Apply,  as  above,  stating  fall  particulars  and 
referpiK-es. 

WANTED,  a  young:  MAN,  thoroughly  expe- 
rienced in  making  Wreaths,  Crosses,  and  Bouiinrts, 
iirid  to  take  charge  of  Stand  when  required,  in  Smithtield 
Market,  Manchester. — Apply  with  full  particulars  to  GEO. 
WILLIAMSON,  Bloomabury  Nursery,  Timperley,  Manchester. 


WANT     PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers,  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — ft  :s  very  important  in  Remitting  by  Postal  OrcUr 
that  it  should  be  Jilted  m  payable  at  A'o.  42,  DRURY  LANE, 
to  W.  RICHARDS,  as,  unless  the  Number  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
known,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  uL-hose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it. 

N.B.—Tht  best  and  safest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  POST- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 


RICHARD  SMITH  and  CO. 
beg  to  annoimce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
&c.— St.  John's  Nurseries,  Worccjtter. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS.— Several  very  supe- 
rior Men  on  our  Books,  whom  we  can  recommend  with 
utmost  confidence.  Establi'hed  1717.— AUSTIN  AND  McAS- 
LAN,  Nursery  and  Scedsm.'u,  li;,  llurlianau  Street.  Glasgow. 

Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  .SONS,  having  filled  many- 
important  places,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  conft- 
dence,  energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  first-rate  Establishments, 
or  Single-handed  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged.— JOHN  LAING 
AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries.  Forest  Hill.  S.E. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen  requiring  Land  Agents, 

STEWARDS,  B-ULIFFS,  or  G.ARUENERS. 

JAMES  CARTER  and  CO.  have  at  all 
times  upon  their  Register  reliable  and  competent  MEN, 
several  of  whom  are  personally  well  known  to  Messrs.  Carter. 
Enquiries  should  be  made  to  237  and  23S.  High  Holborn,  W.C. 

HE      LIVERPOOL      HORTICULTURAL 

CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAO 
GARDENER,  and  also  another  MAN.  who,  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  as  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capable  of  Managing  Large 
Establishments. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen. 

MANAGER  or  UARDENKll.      MiaJlr-at^ed, 
single;  energetic.  Thoroughly exp-n  '  iifhes 

of  the  profession — the    Rearing  of  Arlntc  '  iii;l;_'l- 

ment  of  Woods  and  Plantations,  and  thf  I, -.  n  mh.i  ll.i-nre 
Grounds  and  Ground  Work  generally.  Goud  nti-n-iuvs.  — U.  c. 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41, WeliiugtonStreet,  Strand, W.C. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  37,  married.— 
A  Gentleman  wishes  highly  to  recommend  his  Head 
Gardener,  who  has  lived  with  him  six  years.  Underetands  his 
profession  in  all  its  branches. — G,  G.,  Frauklands,  near 
Burgess  Hill.  N.W. 

ARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  27.— G.  Merritt, 

Gardener  tj  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Dacre.  Kimpton  Hoo, 
Wehvyu,  Herts,  desires  to  recommend  his  Foreman,  James 
Anderson.  Thoroughly  practical  in  all  branches.  Testimonials 
of  the  highest  order. 

ARDENER   (Head);    age   37,   married.— 

A  Gentleman  wishes  highly  to  recommend  his  Head 
Gardener,  who  hsis  lived  with  him  six  years.  Understands  his 
profession  in  all  its  branche-s.  —  G.  G.,  Franklands,  near 
Burgess  Hill,  Sussex. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Age  31,  married,  no 

family  ;  can  be  well  recommended  by  present  employer 
as  a  successful  Grower  of  Grapes  and  other  Fruits,  Winter 
Flowers,  and  Vegetables.— The  GARDENER,  Hanstead  Cottage, 
Hanstead,  St.  Stephens,  St.  Albans. 

ARDENER     (Head).— D.     Knight,    The 

Elms,  Warrington,  is  at  liberty  to  engage  ^vith  any 
Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  thorougli  prac- 
tical man  capable  of  taking  charge  of  a  garden  establishment 
on  any  extent.    Good  references. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Age  28,  single  ;  Pro- 
testant.  Fourteen  years'  experience  in  some  of  the  best 
and  largest  Gardens  in  England,  viz.,  Linton  Park,  Lythe 
Hill.  &c.  At  present  Foreman  at  Burghley  Gardens. — Testi- 
monials from  above  places,  and  particulars  from  R.  GILBERT, 
Burghley  Gardens,  Stamford. 

GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  28,  single.—  H. 
Downing.  Gardener,  Norbury  Park,  near  Dorking, 
Surrey,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man a  thorough  honest,  sober,  industrious,  hard- working  man 
who  thoroughly  understands  his  business.  A  Single-handed 
place  not  objected  to.    Shall  be  pleased  to  answer  any  inquiries. 


GARDENER  (Head)  ;  age  30.— Mr.  Clarke 
Gardener.  Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  has  very  great  plea- 
sure in  recommending  h's  Foreman,  Wm.  Webber,  to  any 
Nobleman.  Lady,  or  Gentleman,  wlio  may  be  in  want  of  a 
thoroughly  efficient  and  trustworthy  man,  with  excellent 
references  from  previous  employers. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Captain  Felly,  R.N., 

wishes  to  recommend  his  late  Gardener — a  thoroughly 
trustworthy  and  practical  man,  with  many  years'  experience 
in  all  branches  of  Gardening.  He  thoroughly  understands 
the  Forcing  of  all  Choice  Fruits  and  Flowers  under  Glass, 
Vegetables,  &c.,  and  is  a  thorough  good  all-round  man  ;  also 
thoroughly  understands  the  Management  of  Laud  and  Stock 
if  required,  and  is  also  a  good  Manager  of  a  Staff  of  Men. — 
Captain  PELLY.  IC.N.,  Forest  Rise,  Waltbamstow,  Essex. 


September  24,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENER  S'     CHRONICLE. 


387 


GARDENER  (Head),  or  GARDENER  and 
BAILIFF. — No  family  ;  thorough  practical  man,  well  up 
in  every  branch  of  the  profession.  Excellent  character  and 
references.- J.  L.,  Mrs.  Williams,  1,  Belcher's  Lane,  Bordersly 
Green,  Birmingham. 

GARDENER  (Head),  where  two  or  three  are 
kept;  no  objection  to  good  Single-hanpkd  ;  age  31, 
married,  three  children. — Mr.  Jacksox,  Gardener  to  J.  Lees, 
Esq.,  Berry  Hill,  Mansfield,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  liis 
Foreman,  J.  Thomas,  to  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  reiiuiring  a 
practical  Gardener.  Nine  years'  good  character  from  present 
employer. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  one 
or  two  others  are  kept. — Age  27.  single  ;  experienced  in 
Vines,  Peaches,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Hants,  Flower  and 
Kitchen  Garden.  Over  four  years' character.~E.  BRADFORD, 
Laleham,  near  Staines. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working);  age  38, 
married,  one  child. — W.  P.  Jones  wishes  to  recommend 
his  late  Head  Gardener  to  a  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the 
services  of  a  thoroughly  practical  man.  Efficient  in  all 
branches.— Manor  House,  East  Fincldey. 

GARDEXKK  (TTf  \).  "Working),  where  four 
01- ni'  :  _-;  understands  tlie  Growing  of 

Gni^e^.  IVa.  h  -,  ■■■'.■  i  iimbers.  Pines,  Stove  and  Green- 
house I'hiiit- ;  .1- .  M  ::,  .  u,  lit  of  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gar- 
den;  ten  years' experuMiL.e.  Good  character. — C.  H,  Messrs. 
Daniel  Bro'thers.  Exchantre  Street.  Norwich. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  30; 
thoroughly  experienced  in  Grapes,  Peaches,  l\Ielons, 
Tomatos,  Mushrooms,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Chrysan- 
themums, Tuberous  Begonias  specialty,  Kitchen  and  Flower 
Garden,  Early  and  Late  Forcing.  Thoroughly  recommended 
as  a  good  all-round  man.— G.  F.,  Deerfolts  Halt,  Earl  Stonham. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working);  age  32. 
married,  two  children. — Advertiser  would  pay  a  bonus 
of  £5  to  any  one  procuring  him  a  good  Head  Working  Gar- 
dener's situation.  Well  up  in  Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  Vines, 
Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Melons,  Stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants, 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gtudening.  Leaving  when  suited.  Four 
years'  good  character  from  present  situation  as  Head. — W.  B., 
2,  Hockley  Terrace,  Bridge  Street,  Greenwich. 

GARDENER  (Head  Working),  or  FORE- 
MAN, where  throe  or  four  are  kept.— Age  33,  married ; 
eight  years'  character.  Understands  Vines,  Stove.  Green- 
houses, Kitchen  Garden.— J.  BARNES,  Botley,  Southampton. 

GARDENER     (Head     AVorking,    or    good 
SlXGLE-HAXliED). — Twenty  years'  practical  experience. 
Excellent  character. — A.  S.,  9.  Thrale  Road.  Streatham,  S.W. 


GARDENER.  — Age  26,  single;  understands 
Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardening  and  Cucumbers.  C;iu 
?.lilk  if  required,  or  attend  to  a  Horse.  Four  vears'  good  cha- 
nufer.— W.  WISBEY.  V\'hitebarns,  Buntingford,  Herts. 


G1 ARDENER.— Thoroughly  understands  his 
H"  profession  in  all  its  branches.  Speaks  French,  German, 
and  English.  Wanted  re- engagement. — A.  R.,  Gardeners' 
Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Ktreet,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENER.— Age  -26  ;  very  competent,  ex- 
perienced in  all  branches  of  Gardening,  Speaking  and 
Writing  French,  English,  and  German,  a  good  Draughtsman, 
requires  employment  in  Great  Britain. — WILLIAM,  Chateau 
Bellerive,  Cezy  (Yonne),  France. 


GARDENER ;  age  35,  married,  no  family. — 
— A  Gentleman  wishes  to  recommend  his  Gardener, 
wlio  has  been  with  him  eleven  years.  Thoroughly  experienced 
in  all  branches  of  the  profession. — J.  D.,  3,  Weissenburg  Ter- 
race, Ore,  Hastings. 


GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him ;  age  36,  married,  four  children. — A  Gentleman 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes,  Melons,  Peaches,  &c.— CHARLES  CAPLING,  Bed- 
hampton  Hill,  Havant. 


G GARDENER  (Working).— Age  37,  single; 
F     thoroughly  understands  his  work.     Good  character. — 
C.  S.,  Blake's  Green,  near  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

GARDENER,  or  GARDENER  and  BAILU^'F. 
— E.  Packabd,  Esq.,  of  Birkfield,  Ipswich,  can  with 
every  confidence  recommend  his  Gardener.  Wm.  Sheppard,  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  sen*ices  of  a  steady  prac- 
tical man.  Wife  thorough  Dairy  and  Poultry  Manager, 
Cause  of  leaving,  estate  sold. 


GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
another  one  or  two  are  kept. — Middle-aged.  Will  make 
himself  useful.— J.  DEAN,  l.^,  BeU  Lane,  Enfield  Wash, 
Middlesex. 


GARDENER  (Second),  in  the  Houses,  where 
four  or  five  are  liept. — Age  22;  eight  years' experience. 
—J.  P.,  The  Gardens,  Avenue  House,  Church  End,  Finchley. 


GARDENER  (Second),  or  JOURNEYMAN 
in  a  good  establishment. — Age  22;  good  character  and 
testimonials  from  previous  employers.  Disengaged.  —  A. 
KVERAKD,  Shord  Hill,  Kenley,  Surrey. 

GARDENER  (Under  or  Single-handed). 
— Age  25 ;  ten  years'  experience  Inside  and  Out.  One 
year  and  nine  months'  good  character. — J.  W.,  Si,  Fleet  Road, 
Hampstead,  N.W. 

GARDENER   (Under),  Indoors  and  Out.— 
Young  ;  can  be  well  recommended  by  present  employer. 
— G.,  Woodlands  Cottage,  Muswell  Hill  Koad,  Highgate,  n! 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  23 ;  eight  years' 
experience  Inside  and  Out.  Well  recommended.— AliPHA, 
Mrs.  Steers,  The  Stables.  Palewell,  Sheen,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  23;  ten  years' 
good  character  from  last  situation.— Please  state  wages, 
&c.,  to  W.  WRIGHT,  Deene  Hall  Gardens,  Wansford. 


G<  ARDENER  (Under).— Age  22  ;  has  had 
r  good  experience  of  both  Inside  and  Out.  Excellent 
character.— A.  HAWKES,  The  Gardens,  Gosfield  Hall,  Hal- 
stead,  Esssex. 


G 


ARDENER     (Under).  —  Age     21  ;    good 

character.    Total  abst^iiuer.    Eighteen_  months'  expe- 


QEED    TRIAL    GROUND    GARDENER.— 

O  Advertiser  requires  a  situation  as  above.  Several  years' 
experience,  -with  good  references.  Abstainer.— DIXOX,  74, 
Sunny  Hill  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 


FOREMAN,  where  two  or  three  are  kept. — 
Age  23;    ten  years'  exp>.>rience.      Good  references. — A. 
SMITH,  Wichnor  Park,  Eurtou-ou-Trent. 

FOREMAN.— Age  28  ;  thorough  knowledge  of 
the  successful  Cultivation  of  all  Icinds  of  Fruit,  Flowers, 
and  Vegetables.  Character  will  b-_'ar  the  strictest  investiga- 
tion from  early  youth.— G.tRDENER,  Mr.  Meredith,  Seedsman, 
Warrington. 

OREMAN.— J.  Evans,  Gardener  to  A.  Akers- 

Douglas,  Esq.,  M.P.,  can  with  every  confidence  recom- 
mend his  Foreman,  F.  Lupton,  to  any  Gardener  requiring  an 
energetic  and  trustworthy  man.  Good  knowledge  of  Plants 
and  Fruit. — Address,  Chilston  Park.  Maidstone. 


To  Nurserymen. 

FOREMAN  (Working).— Age  26  ;  well  up  in 
Roses,  Fruits,  Packing,  Jic,  ami  General  Nursery  Work. 
—NASH.  Mr.  Dixon,  Lees  Nurseries.  Fellimm,  Middlesex. 


FOREMAN,  or  SECOND,  in  the  Houses.— 
Age  24;  twelve  years'  practical  experience.  Highly 
recommended.  Five  years'  good  character.— C.  HARVEY, 
Amptield,  Romsey,  Hants. 


FOREMAN    GROWER,    on  Commission    or 
otherwise,  of  Flowers  and  Fruits  for  Market,  or  private 
purposes.- T.  C,  :Market  Square.  Bishop  Stortford,  Herts. 


PROPAGATOR   and    GROWER.— Age   24  ; 

JL  well  up  in  the  Propagation  of  Clematis,  Roses,  and 
general  Hard  and  Soft-woodetl  Plants.  Good  references. — 
JOSEPH  HOLMES,  Kingsdown,  Burwash.  Hawkhurst. 

ENERAL  PROPAGATOR  or  PROPA- 

GATOR  and  FOREMAN.— .Middle-aged.  Well  up  in 
Market  work,- E.  W.,  7,  Dacre  Street.  Lee,  S.E. 

ARKET  GROWER  of  Fruit,  Roses,  Ferns, 

Flowering  Bulbs,  and  Roots.- Well  up  in  Roses  under 
Glass  for  Cut  Bloom.  Skilful  I'rppagator.  Long  experience 
and  character.  —  HORTUS,  Mr.  J.  Phillips,  Orton,  near 
Peterborough. 

JOURNEYMAN   in    the    Houses.— Age   23  ; 
six  years'  esperienec.— C.  WILKINSON,  Woolsthorpe, 
Grantham. 

JOURNEYMAN;    age    21.— Mr.    Thollope, 
The  Firs,  Lee,   Keut,  can  recommend  a  smart  active 
young  man  for  Inside  or  Out.     Five  years'  experience. 

JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  21; 
three  years  in  present  situation.  Good  recommenda- 
tion. Bothy  preferred,- S.  H.  SNELL,  TheDaison,  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Torquay. 


JOURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses,  in  a  good 
establishment. — Age  22  :  eight  years'  experience  among 
Flowers  and  Fruit;  good  reference.- M.  R.,  T.  Waller,  The 
Gardens.  Avenue  House,  Finchley,  N. 


JOURNEY'MAN,  or  Second  in  the  Houses,  in 
a  good  establishment. — Age  24 ;  ten  years' experience  and 
references.— W.  K.,  13,  South  Street,  Harborne,  Birmingham. 


To  Florists. 

SALESMAN,    or     GROWER,    in    town    or 
country.— Good    reference. — G.    G.,    22,    Oxford    Road, 


To  Nurserymen  and  Others. 

ASSISTANT.  —  Age  2ij  ;  German.  Good 
Propagator  and  Grower  of  Hard  and  Soft-wooded 
Pljints,  Ferns,  &c.  Experienced  in  all  branches.  —  A.  R., 
Gardeners'  Ckronicle  0&i:e,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


IMPROVER. — A  respectable  young  man  seeks 
re-engagement  in  the  Houses.     Willing  to  pay  premium. 
Good  character.— Box  S.34,  402,  Strand,  W.C. 


TMPROVER,  in  the  Houses,— Age  20  ;  strong 
X  and  active.  Good  references.- E.  HENEAGE,  the  Gar- 
dens, Reve^by  Abbey,  Boston. 


IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses  in  a  Cxentleman's 
Garden. — Age  18  ;  is  strong  and  willing.    Two  years'  cha- 
racter.—Rev.  G.  HORNER,  Mells  Beclory,  Frome. 


IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden. — Age 
16 ;  two  and  a  half  years'  experience.    Good  recommenda- 
tion.— S.  HALL,  East  Liss,  Hants. 


TO  GENTLEMEN,  AGENTS,  and  OTHERS. 
— An  experienced  Growerof  Fruit,  Flowers,  Vegetables, 
&c.,  would  take  the  Management  of  (Gentlemen's  Gardens  to 
Grow  for  Profit.  Small  salary,  and  -.ommission.  Married, 
no  incumbrance.  Good  character.— HORTUS,  Mr.  Wisdon, 
8,  George  Street,  Gipsy  Hill,  Upper  Norwood,  Surrey. 


ro  MARKET  GARDENERS  and  OTHERS. 

^     —A  thorough  practical  Tomato  Grower,  Inside  and  Out, 
I  open  to  engagement;  also  Cucumbers,  Grapes,   &c.     Many 


TO  FRUIT  GROWERS  and  OTHERS.— 
Experienced  man  wants  engagement  where  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  Top  Bush  Fruit,  Strawberries,  Nuts,  &c.,  are 
required.  Good  character. —FRUIT-GROWER,  Mr.  Merritt, 
57,  Tliurlow  Hill,  Lower  Norwood,  Surrey. 

0  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation  in 

the  Nursery.  Age  22.  Nine  years'  experience.  Good 
character  from  present  and  previous  employers. — B.  F.,  14, 
Exmouth  Road,  Sonthsea,  Hants. 

0  GARDENERS,  &c.— Wanted,  by  a  young 

man  (age  21),  a  situation.  Has  good  experience  in 
Ferns,  Roses,  and  Bulbs.— J.  C.  5,  Harvey's  Cottages,  High 
Cross  Lane,  Tottenham. 

fyO  GARDENERS,  &c.-AVanted  by  a  youth 

-L  (age  17)  a  situation  under  a  Gardener.  Good  character. 
— F.  B.,  Gardener's  Cottage,  Ferndale  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

nnO     GENTLEMEN,    &c.— Wanted,    employ- 

X  mcnt  for  a  Young  Man  (age  20)  for  Outdoor  Work  in  a 
Gentleman's  Garden.  Good  reference.— Miss  MITCHELL, 
Great  Tew  Vicarage,  Enstone,  Oxon. 

"yO     GARDENERS. —  A    Lady    wishes    to 

-L  Apprentice  Two  Lads,  aged  1.5  years  respectively. — 
Eeplv,  in  first  instance,  stating  wages  given  and  Premium 
required,  to  W.  HARRIS,  The  Gardens,  Warens,  Lyndhurst. 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN.— Age  29:  well  up  in  all  depart- 
ments, including  Florist  Work  and  Sundries.     Fifteen 
years'  experience. — W.  STONE.  Market  Sijuare.  Retford. 

To  tlie  Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN. — Age  22  ;   nine  years'  good  prac- 
tical experience  in  all  departments. — ALPHA,  i.  Pound 
Villas,  Pound  Road,  Banstead.  Surrey, 

Seed  Trade. 

SHOPMAN.— Age  29  ;  thorough  practical 
knowledge  of  Seed  Business,  and  well  up  in  Bouquet, 
Wreath,  and  Cross  Work.  Fourteen  years'  tirst^class  refer- 
ences.- -F.  WARD,  1.32,  High  Street.  Southampton, 


Seed  Trade,  &o. 

SHOPMAN,— Young ;  good  knowledge  of  Trade, 
Oifice  routine,  &c.  London  and  Provincial  experi- 
ence—part time  in  Wholesale  Department  of  large  London 
House.  With  a  view  to  ultimate  Partnership  when  mutual 
confidence  established  (if  desired),  or  would  accept  a  position 
of  trust.— HEATH,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


SHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.— Age  23;  seven 
years'  experience.  Seeds,  Bulbs,  &c,,  with  knowledge  of 
Books.- D.  C,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington 
Strei-t.  Strand,  London,  W.C. 


C  HOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21 ;    five 

O    years'  experience.     Good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  Seed 
Trade.    Good  references,— J.VO.  HARDING,  St.  Keots,  Hunts. 


Q  HOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21;   six 

k_/  years'  experience.  Exceptional  references.  —  J.  H., 
R.  B.  Laird  &  Sons,  Edinburgh. 

SHOPMAN,      CLERK,     or     TRAVELLER 
(experienced),    desires     situation.  —  Trustworthy    and 
obliging;   good  references.- M.  A.,  78,  Pevensey  Road,  East- 

S HOPMAN,  or  WAREHOUSEMAN.— Age 
23 ;  six  years'  experience.  First-claas  references.  — 
T.  W.  G.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 

OOK-KEEPER,      oi^      CLERK.  —  Young  ; 

fifteen  years'  experience  in  Wholesale  and  Retail  Seed 
Trade. — J.  F.,  Messrs.  Cross  &  Donaldson,  Leith. 

SEED  TRADE.— A  young  Englishman  seeks 
a  situation  in  a  good  ilusiness,  Wholesale  or  Retail — 
Office,  Shop,  or  Warehouse.  Moderate  salary.  Excellent 
knowledge  of  German.  Two  years'  experience  in  good  German 
Houses.  First-class  testimonials. — D.  F.  G.,  Messrs.  Cooper, 
Taber  &  Co..  Wholesale  Seed  Slerchauts,  90,  Southwark  Street, 
Loudon,  S.E. 

^rO  NURSERYMEN.— The  Advertiser  (age 
-L  22)  seeks  a  situation  in  Office.  No  objection  to  Assist 
in  Shop.  Eight  years'  experience  with  Paul  &  Son,  The  "  Old" 
Nurseries.— T.  JUDD,  Windmill  Street,  Cheshunt. 


TO  FLORISTS,— Wanted  a  situation  in  a  good 
Florist's  Shop.  Well  experienced  in  Plants.  Furnishing, 
Decorating.  &c.  Age  24.  Good  reference. — J.  W.,  Bam  Elma, 
Barnes,  S.W. 


HOLLOWAY'S  PILLS  and  OINTMENT. 
— Rheumatism  and  Neuralgia. — Tliough  the  former 
disease  remorselessly  attacks  the  young  and  robust,  and  the 
latter  ruthlessly  selects  its  victims  from  the  weak  and  delicate, 
the  same  medical  treatment  will  infallibly  cure  both  complaints. 
After  the  affected  parts  have  been  diligently  fomented  with 
hot  brine,  and  the  skin  has  been  dried,  HoUoway's  Ointment 
must  well  and  perseveringly  be  rubbed  in  for  a  few  minutes 
twice  a  day,  and  his  Pills  must  be  taken  according  to  the 
printed  instructions  -wTapped  round  each  box  of  his  medicine. 
Both  Ointment  and  Pills  are  accompanied  by  instructiocs 
designed  for  the  public  at  large,  and  no  invalid  who  attentively 
rea(£  them  can  now  be  at  any  loss  to  doctorhimself  successfully 


388 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[September  24,  1887. 


NOTE—"  The  best  JUSTICE  to  Ireland  is  to  give  Ireland  a  CHANCE," 

LADIES!     LADIES!!     LADIES!!! 


You  are  invited  to  send  your  NAME3 
and  ADDRESSES  to 


that  PATTERNS  may  be  sent  you,  POST-FREE,  of  their 


SELECT  DRESS  MATERIALS, 

•Which  COMBINE  STYLE.  QUALITY,  and  GOOD  TASTE,  with  ECONOMY  ; 
REDUCE  the  DIFFICULTY  of  SELECTION  to  a  MINIMUM; 
EMBRACE  EVERY  SPECIALITE  of  the  SEASON  ; 
COMPARE  FAVOURABLY  with  ANY  in  the  MARKET  ;  and 
RENDER  DISTANCE  NO  OBJECT. 

N.B.—It  may  he  stated,  by  way  of  "  Introdiu-tion"  that  Iwhinson  .f  Cleaver  hold  SPECIAL  APPOINTMENTS  to  the  Queen  and  the  Crown  Princess  of  Germany,  and 
that  "The  Qdeen"  says  their  specialites  ''have  a  world-wide  fame;''  so  that  ladies  are  coyijidently  invited  to  send  for  patterns  of  their  SELECT  DRESS 
MATERIALS,  "  COMPARISON  being  theonly  TEST  of  quality." 

Will  ladies  please  name  this  paper  to  ROBINSON  ^-  CLEA  VER,  BELFAST,  and  make  a  special  request  for  any  article  specially  required  ? 

JJQTJgLJg     WIDTH     CLOTHS       i'n^e\YestStripes,C'/iecks,  combinations,  ^-c.     Very  Novel  Styles,  for  Tailor-made  Costumes, 

^    from  Is.  4^d.  per  yard  to  the  Finest  Goods  made. 

REAL  FRENCH   MERINOS. 


in  Black  and    all  Colours,    at  Is.   6|d.    per  yard :     Extraordinary   Value. 
Velvet-finish  French  Cashmeres,  at  Is.  lljd.  jyer  yard. 


Superfine 


A    SPECIAL    FEATURE  is  made  of  BLACK    DRESS    GOODS,  aud  we  are  now  ofteiiiiff 

a   lieautiful   llange,   which   includes   some    very   Important   NOVELTIES    for   Autumn   and   A\'inter,  also   exquisi 


GRENADINES  for  Evening  Wear. 


xquisite   CANVASSES   and 


IN  ADDITION  to  all  the  NOVELTIES  in  FANCY  STYLES,  we  have  some 

Large  Lois  of  PLAIN  USEFUL  3IATEBIALS,  at  EXCEPTIONALLY  LOW  PRICES. 


6,000^^  COSTUME  TWEED,  ^^--^-'-^^q^coiou.,  sd. 
6,000  „  HEAVY  SERGE,     ^^  ^-^'°«  ^°'°"". 
2,000  „  HOMESPUN  TWEED, 


12^00  „  HEAVY  MELTON  CLOTH, 
4,000  „  FRENCH  FOULI,       -> 


3,000 ^l^' NEW  HEATHER  CLOTH, '' 
3,01 


IRISH  FRIEZE, 


In   all   Colours. 


7d. 


Extraordinary  Value. 


2,500  „  ESTAMENE  SERGES,  ^^^^^'^  l/Ojd.  ^ry.r,. 
2,01 


REAL  WHITBY  SERGES, 
,500  „  NEW  COSTUME  CLOTH,  LX' 


REMNANTS  OP  DRESS  GOODS,  '"anr^nyhtt^i'tarrcSr'^ 

SEND    FOR    PATTERNS,    FREE.— Please  name  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 


10/-   and  20/-  per  Bundle. 


ROBINSON    6c    CLEAVER'S 

IRISH  CAMBRIC  POCKET  HANDKERCHIEFS. 


Per  doz.  :— Children's  Bordered,  1 2d. ;    Ladies',  2  4  \d. 


IRISH  DAMASK 


TABLE  LINEN. 


Gents',  3/6d.     Hemstitched :— Per  doz..  Ladies',  S/ll^d. ;   Gents,'  4/lld. 

Fish  Napkins,  2s.  lid.  per  dozen.  Dinner  Napkins,  5s.  6d.  per  dozen.  Table 
Cloths,  2  yards  scjuare,  2s.  lid. ;  Ss  yards  by  a  yards,  5s.  lid.  each.  Kitchen 
Table  Cloths,  Hid.  each.  Strong  Huckaback  Towels,  4s.  6d.  per  dozen  Frilled 
Linen  Pillow  Cases,  from  Is.  4^.  each. 

Monograms,  Crests,  Coats  of  Arms,  Initials,  &c.,  Woven  and  Embroidered. 

SA3IPLES  and  Illustrated  PRICE  LISTS,  post-free  to  any 

part  of  the  in, rid. 


INITIALS    WOVEN    and    EMBROIDERED. 

ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST, 

Telegraphic  Address  :— "LINEN",  Belfast."]     [Send  for  Patterns,  Free — Please  name  Gardeners''  Chronicle. 


Editorial  Communications  should  be  addressed  to  "  The  Editor; "  Advertisements  and  Eusinem  Letters  to  "The  Publisher,"  at  the  Omce,  4i,  Wellington  Street,  Covent  Garden   London   W  C 
Printed  by  WllLLlM  Biohabds,  at  the  Offlce  o!  Messrs.  BBiDBURT,  Aqnew  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  City  of  London,  in  the  County  of  Middlesei,  and  published  by  tie 
Baid  Wnjxtu  BIOHARDS,  at  the  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Parish  of  St.  Paul'e,  Coyent  aarden,  in  the  said  County.— SiTUBDiY,  September  24.  1887.    Agent  tor  Manchester— Jomi  HexwoOD 


Established 

No.  2440. 


No.  40.-VOL.  II.  {i::z} 


SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  1,  1887. 


rPRicE  3d. 

I    Post-free,  .liJ. 


CONTENTS. 


de- 


Applea  of  Nova  Scotia 
Birmia;i;faain    Gardec 

Association 
British  Association 
Cassia  corymbosa 
Chrysanthemums  as 

corative  plants... 
Crocus  vallicola  ... 
Edinburgh     Apple 

Pear  Congress 

Ferns  and  their  cultiva- 

Florists' flowers 

Forestry    

Fruits  under  glass 

Gardening  appointments 

Gooseberries 

Groupins  hardy  foliage 
and  iToweriug  plants 
for  effect  

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  . 

Hyacinth  trade 

Kitchen  garden,  the 

Kniphofia  palUditiora    ... 

Law  .— 


Nelumbium,  the  white... 

Orchard-house,  the 

Orchid  notes  and  glean- 
ings         

Orchids,  watering 

Ouvirandra  feneatralis  ... 

Oxford,  gardens  of 

People's  Palace 

Plants  and  their  culture 

Potato  scab  

Reichenbachia     

Rhododendrons,  grafted 
,,    greenhouse 

Rock  garden         

Rose  shows  of  1887 

Scotland 

Suow  plant,  the 

Societies : — 

Gloucester       

Royal  Horticultural  ... 

Scottish   Horticultural 

Association 

Tobacco  in  Cheshire 

Tomatos,  disease  of 

Weather 


Illustrations. 


409 


Now  ready,  in  cloth,  lis.  6d. 

THE    GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I.,  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.  RICHARDS.  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.^All  Numbers 
of  the  ^^  Gardeners'  ChronicW  from  January  1 
of  this  pear  are  still  to  be  had. 

RADFORD    and    DISTRICT    CHRYSAN- 

THEMUM  SOCIETY. 
The  FIRST  EXHIBITION  of  the  above  Society  will  be  held 
in  the  Technical  School,  on  FRIDAY  and  SATURDAY, 
November  4  and  5,  when  nearly  ONE  HUNDRED  POUNDS 
will  be  offered  in  Prizes.  Schedules  are  now  ready,  and  may 
be  obtained  from 


pHOELEY    CHRYSANTHEMUM 

yj  SOCIETY. 

Fresidetit—JAS.  Eckebsley.  Esq.,  J.P. 

t'ice-President — Edw.  Jackson,  Esq.,  J.P, 

The  FOUKTH  ANNUAL  EXHIBITION  of  CHEYSANTHE- 

MUMS,  PLANTS,  FLOWERS,  FRUITS,  &c.,  will  be  held  in 

the  Town  Hall  on  NOVEMBER  18  and  19.    Schedules  may  be 

bad  on  application  to 

>  Hon.  Sees. 

Camellias,  Azaleas,  Rliododendrons,  Falms,  OTcUda. 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs,  B.  SILBEER.AD  and  SON,  25,  Savage  Gardens, 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.G. 

IGHLY  IMPORTANT  FLOWER  NOVEL- 

TIES  for  1887.  —  1,  Phloi  Drummondii  fimbrinta. 
Novelty  Gra^off ;  2,  Phlox  Drummondii  cuspidata.  Star  of 
Quedlinborg;  3,  Salvia  coocinea  vai.  lactea.  Novelty  Grashoff. 
First'Class  Certificate  of  Merit  awarded  by  the  Jury  at  Berlin 
on  August  25.    Copies  of  copper-electro  gratis  on  demand. 

MARTIN  GRASHOFF,  Quedrnburg.  Germany, 

Wholesale  Seed  Growing  HouAe. 

My  Wholesale  Seed  CATALOGUE  will  be  ready  in  November. 


BARR'S     SELECTED     BULBS 
have  gained  many  Medals  and  Prizes  I    Prices  moderate  1 
Quality  unsurpassed!     Full  descriptive  Catalogue  free  on  appli- 
cation.    Special  Daffodil  CATALOGUE  free  on  application  to 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Stre<?t,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


H 


Ferns— Fema— Ferns, 
B.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 

established  Plants  in  small    pots,  suitable  for  oma- 
ntal  pots,  or  for  growing  on.      .Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
ion.         Dvson's  Lane  Nursery,  Upper  Edmonton. 
TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS,"    LONDON. 


BEST  HYACINTHS,  Four  Dozen,  in  48'3,  of 
the  best  varieties  in  cultivation- all  show  varieties — for 
20s.    Free  by  post.    Send  P. 0.0.  to 

GEBBOEDEKS  ROOZEN,   Overveen,  Haarlem,  Holhind. 
Price  LIST  of  all  sorts  of  Bulbs  free.    Package  free;  free  at 


WINTER-FLOWERING  HEATHS,  HYE- 
MALIS  and  Others.  Good  Plants,  showing  well  for 
flower — cannot  be  surpassed — in  5  and  ti-inch  pots,  15s.  to  24s. 
per  dozen. 

JOHN  STANDISH  AND  CO.,  Royal  Nurseries,  Ascot, 


GUERNSEY  LILY  (NERINE  SAR- 
NIENSIS).— We  have  a  good  Stock  of  these,  showing 
bud,  which  we  can  quote  at  a  considerable  Reduction  from 
Catalogue  Prices.    They  should  be  ordered  at  once. 

HURST  AND  SONS,  152,  Houndsditch.  London,  E. 

BURVENICH-DE  WINNE,  Gentbrugge, 

•     near  Ghent,    Belgium,  offers:  —  35,000    well-budded 

AZALEA    MOLLIS,    from    10 —.50  buds;    20,000    AZALEA 

INDICA,  of  superior  growth,   and  for  English  use;   PALMS, 

RHODODENDRONS,  DRAC.T:NAS,  and  General  Belgian  Stock. 

Ask  for  PRICE  LIST,  tree  on  application. 

Dutcb  Bulbs. 

EH,  KRELAGE  axd  SUN,  Nursehymen, 
•  Sekds.mex  and  Florists,  Haarlem,  Holland,  have 
Published  their  New  (Abridged)  CATALOGUE  for  the  season 
of  selected  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  and  other  Bulbs  and  Tubers 
(No.  l&l),  which  may  be  had  post-free  on  prepaid  application. 

ILLIAM    DENMAN,   Salesman    and 
Horticultural  Agent.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  can 
now  receiveconsignments  of  choice  Cut  Flowers  in  any  quantity. 

QU  ELCH       AND       B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

North  Row,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STE.AW- 
BEBRIES,  CHOICE  FLOWERS,  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily ;  Cheques  weekly,  oras  preferred 
by  Sender,    Baskets  and  LatJels  supplied.    References  given. 


w 


MESSRS,    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 
NUKSEETMEN,  Sidcup,  and  28.'j,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market,    Covent    Garden,    W.C,    are    open    to    RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 
Telegraph  Address—"  CO.MJIISSION,  SIDCUP." 


To  Gentlemen's  Gardeners  and  Large  Growers 

OF  CUT    FLOWERS. 

WANTED,  TO  SELL  on  COMMISSION, 
in  Smithfield  Market,  Manchester,  both  large  and 
small  quantities  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS,  viz.,  Euchahs, 
Gardenias,  Roses,  Bouvardias,  &c.  Boxes  and  labels  found  if 
required.  Daily  or  weekly  settlements,  and  satisfactory 
references  given. 

C,  E.  ARNOTT,  Florist.  &c,  Lime  House  Nurseries,  Lofton, 
near  Newton-Ie-Willows, 


WANTER,  ONCIDIUM    MACRANTHUM 
(true).    Send  size  and  price,  either  for  single  plant  or 
for  dor.en,  to 

W.  GALE,  Floral  Commission  Agent,  10,  Burleigh  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C. 


WANTED,   Six  strong    CAMELIA   ALBA 
PLENA,  about  9  feet   high,   to  be  grown  on  trellis. 
Send  offers  to 
Messrs.  H.  SMITH  and  SONS,  Market  Gardeners,  Isleworth, 


WANTED,    GERANIUM     and    CALCEO- 
LARIA CUTTINGS.    Price  per  1000  for  cash. 
A,  MAWER,  Clarendon  Eoad  Nursery,  Sale,  Cheshire, 


BUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

O  containing  accurate  descriptions  and  illustrations  of  the 
leading  kinds  of  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  and  Tulips,  together 
with  complete  Cultural  Instructions,  Gratis  and  post-free  to 
intending  purcliasers. 

SUTTON  AND  SONS,  The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  READING. 


XpiNEST 

X'      CROWNS 

LILY 

OF 

THE 

VALLEY 

for   Early 

Forcing, 

by    Gustav   A. 

Schultz, 

Berlin.     For  pri 

e  write  to 

JACOB  AND 

VALENTIN,  66,  Cheapside, 

London 

E.C, 

BUDDENBORG  BROS.,  Bulb  Growers, 
Hillegom,  near  Haarlem,  Holland,  beg  to  offer  CIIIONO- 
DOXA  LUCILI.*;  (Glory  of  the  Suow),  strong  hom-grown 
Bulbs,  true  to  name,  40s,  per  1000. 

General  Trade  CATALOGUE  Free  on  application. 

ERMAN   LILIES   OF   THE  VALLhY.— 

The  very  best  for  forcing,     Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowe.^t  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jr.,  Breslau,  Germany. 


pARNATION  "MRS.  REYNOLDS  HOLE." 

\J    ^A  sterling  novelty.    See  Large  Advertisement  in  issue 
of  Sept.  10,  1887.    CATALOGUES  on  application. 
JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "  Newton  "  Nurseries,  Chester. 


ORCHIDS.— To  be  Sold,  cheap,  a  quantity  of 
Established  Odontoglossum  Alexandre  and  Rossi  majus, 
A  1  varieties. — Apply  to 

G.  W.  DUTTON,  Summerfield,  15,  Curzon  Park,  Chester. 

IPLADENIA     AMABILIS.  —  Two     good 

Specimens,  in  flower,  for  sale,  price  £3  10s.  each,  or 
6  gs.  the  pair ;  warranted  free  from  Mealy-Bug.  Also  good 
Specimen  BOUGAINVILLEA  GLABRA  and  ALLAMANDA 
CHELSONI.    Price  on  application  to 

A.  GIBSON,  Halstead  Gardens,  Sevenoaks,  Kent, 

ILY   OF    THE    VALLEY,  — Strong,  care- 

fully  selected  Forcing  Crowns  of  the  true  Berlin  sorts, 
at  30s  per  1000,  carriage  free  to  Loudon,  payable  on  delivery, 
are  offered  by 

FRITZ  LENZ,  Schidlitz,  near  Danzig,  Germany. 

EA  ROSES  for  Autumn  and  Winter  Flower- 

ing. — Fine  healthy  Plants,  in  pots,  full  of  flower-buds, 
12s.,  18?.,  and  24s.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong  plants,  8  to  10  feet, 
of  MAEECHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRE  DE  DIJON,  CHESHUNT 
HYBRID.  &c.,  3s.  ed.  to  6s. 

J.  ROBSON,  The  Bowdon  Nurseries,  Altrincham. 

p     H     0     I     C     E  NAMED 

KJ    HYACINTHS.— 3s.,  6s.  6d.,  6s.  6rf.,  and  8s,  per  dozen. 
Send  for  our  Special  List. 

Prices  very  moderate. 
OAKSHOTT  AND  MILLARD,  Direct  Bulb  Importers,  Reading. 

To  tlie  Trade. 

JOHN  MOOY  begs  to  inform  his  Friends 
that  he  has  arrived  in  London,  as  usual,  with  a  large 
stock  of  DUTCH  FLOWER  BOOTS.  All  Orders  shall  receive 
his  careful  and  prompt  attention.    Please  address 

JOHN    MOOY,   11.   White   Hart  Street,   Catherine  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.  Private  address,  7,  Catherine  Street,  Strand,  W.C, 

OR  SALE,  well-grown  Specimen  FERN  and 

STOVE  PLANTS,  including  Adiautums,  Crotons,  Stepha- 
notis  and  Alocasia  Veitchii.  Must  be  sold  immediately,  on 
account  of  change  of  residence. 

Apply  to  GARDENER,  Poyle  Manor,  Colnbrook,  Slough. 

AING'S    BULBS.  —  White   Roman  HYA- 

CINTHS,  tine  large  roots,  143.  per  100;  extra  large  picked 
roots,  16s.  per  100.  Paper  White  and  Double  Roman  NARCIS- 
SUS, 9s.  per  100.  Our  FLOWER  ROOTS  are  unusually  larga 
and  well  ripened  this  season.    Prices  low.    All  carriage  free. 


GLADIOLUS,  The  Bride,  home-grown  bulbs, 
lOs.  9d.  per  100.    ANE.MONE,  Honorine  Jaubert,  white. 
Autumn  flowering,  8s.  6rf.  per  100.     Packing  and  carriage  free. 
WALSHAW  AKD  SONS.  Scarborough. 

A  Few  Large  Healtby 

PALMS,    3  to  6  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Chamserops  excelsa,  and  Phcenix  reclinata — from  10s.  per  pnir, 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge,  Stamford  Hill,  London,  N. 


390 


THE     GAJ?DENEJ,'S'     CHIWNICLE. 


[OCTOBEH    1,    1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 


Bulbs-Bulba-Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SKLL  by  AUCTION, 
at  hii  Great  Room-.    -  K- -_  Sir  .  I ,  CoventGarden.W.C 
every  MONJ)AY,  WEDM-li  >'!  •    -  \  IUKDAY,  Fir»t-rfiis3 

BULBS  from  Holland,  l.ili     ,  i        ;  i  lluyers. 

On  view  morning' -M  :-ii'     imi  '   M.ilognea  had. 

Wednesday  Next.— i>^;ii''  >'o.  74!i7.) 

500  AZ.4.LE.V  INUIC.V  tu  uanie.  tine  plants  «ell  set  with 


bn.l-. 


?d  dii 


MR.  J.  C.  STEX'EXS  will  include  the  above  in 
his  SALE  by  AUCriDN,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  Kinj; 
Street,  Coveiit  Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
October  5.  at  liaU-past  Vi  o'Olot-k  precisely. 

0:1  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Special  Sale  of  Orclilds  In  Flower, 

MR,   J.    C,  iSTEVEXy  begs  to  announce  that 
his  next   SPECIAL    SALE   ol  (IIU'IIIIIS  in  FLOWER 

and  BUD  will  take  phu'r    .i  Ir-i.i'  ii  I: !..    ~,  Knf;  --ti..t. 

Covent  Garden,  W.C,  .>      \\  I  i '    I     : '  \  i     '  '  '  ' .  I 

will  beglad  if  Gentlenv  II  ■,      >'-  '  i 

Sale  will  please  send  part  I 'II, K  -  II. ii  mi.;-  ihm  iimr-.n;.  mm. 

Milford  Nurseries,  nejtr  Godalmlng,  Surrey. 

Three-i)niirl..r< ,.(  a  mil.-  from  Milford  Station,  and  1  mile  from 

New  lio.lalmiiig  Station  on  the  direct  Portsmouth  Line. 

ANNUAL    SALES. 

IMPORTANT  THREE  DAYS'  SALE  of  FIRST-CLASS 

NURSERY  STOCK. 

MR.     J.     C.     STEVENS     will     SELL    by 
AUCTION,  on  the  Premises  as  above,  on  TIIESD-AY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  THURSDAY,  October  25,  ii.  and  27,  1887, 
at  11  for  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  by  order  of  Mr,  Maurice 
Y'oung.  a  portion  of  the  beautifully  grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 
in  capital  condition  for  removal.  Including — 
4,000  Bushy  LAURELS,  li  to  2J  feet. 
10,000  Strong  Evergreen  PRIVET,  .3  to  4  feet. 
1,000  BERBERIS  DARWINII,  3  to  ,3  feet. 
1,000  Tree  BOX,  2  to  3  feet. 

iiOO  AUCUBAS,  IJ  to  2^  feet. 
6,000.Choice  named  RHODODENTJKONS  and  TONTICUM. 
1,000  AZALEAS,  ANDRO.MEDAS,  and  HARDY  HE.IlTHS.  . 
7,000  SPRUCE  FIRS,  1  to  4  feet,  suitable  for  Christmas  Trees 

or  for  Plantations. 
4,000  PINUS  AUSTBIACA,  IJ  to  21  feet. 
1,600  .^BIES  DQUGLASir,  2  to  4  feet. 
2,500  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA,  3  to  4  feet, 
3,500  RETINOSPORAS  in  variety.  IJ  to  3  feet. 
50,000  ASH,  1  to  2  feet. 
4,000  Strong  ALDER,  4  to  6  feet. 
10,000  Strong  SYC.4.M0RE,  4  to  6  feet, 
10,000  Strong  WITHY,  4  to  6  feet. 
7.5,000  SIrong  QUICKS. 
10,000  2-yr.  Seeilling  ASPARAGUS. 

Choice  STANDARD  and  DWARF  ROSES. 
Oruamenlal  DECIDUOUS  TREES. 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS. 

Standard  and  Dwarf-trained  FRUIT  TREES,  CLLVIBIXG 
PLANTS,  &c. 
May  be  viewed  a  "  eek  prior  to  the  Sale.    Catalogues  may  be 
liad  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctione.'rs,  .3'!,  King  Street, 
Ctovent  Garden.  London,  W.C. 

Bagshot,  Surrey. 

THOUSANDS   nt    FRUI  1'     I'KRKS.    Sf.in.liir.l-    :ni.l     Dwart.  ; 

HiiLLii':-!.  i,\i  i;i:i  s.  i;;:!:i:i:i;is,  lii.i  stkim,  imio- 
IiiMii'M'K'i .  ,  ..,;,--!..  .  )  !'i:i  -,  III  1  i\'i 
sl'iii;  \s.  \,   \!  I  \  -        I  .II', I.  1,1  ..t  II  \i:iiV 

SHia'L.S  ,,u. •  I  -  "I     I.    ii     ,  I    -I-  .  i.'iT_'  11  .    .    mr.  .,1- 

of  an  outlying  iSursi-rv  Mr  ai.-Miute  .  i..ariince. 
To  which  will  be  added  a  very  large  and  varied  stock  of  all  the 
most    valuable    NURSERY     TREES    and    SHRUBS    in 

M'lC  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  Mr.  Charles  Noble  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on 
the  Premises,  as  above,  situated  half  a  mile  from  Sunningdale 
Station,  L.  &  S.  W.  Railway,  on 

MONDAY,    TUESD.iY,    and    WEDNESDAY, 

November  7,  8,  and  9  ; 
MONDAY,    TUESD.A.Y.    and   WEDNESDAY, 

November  21,  22,  and  23; 
MONDAY,    TliESD.iY,    .and   WEDNESDAY, 
December  5,  6,  and  7 ; 
at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day.    Further  particu- 
lars in  future  advertisements. 

May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  had  on 
the  Premises,  and  of  Mr.  J.  C.  STEVENS,  Auction  Rooms  and 
OtBces,  33,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C. 

Every  Monday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday. 

DUTCH    BULBS.  —  ORE.VT    UNRESERVED    SALES. 

MESSRS.  PROTIIEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  hy  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale  Rooms. 
87  atil  .-  '■'■..  ,,;!.,  London,  E.C.,  every  MONDAY,  THURS- 
DAY, 'i  i  '  ri'W,  at  half-pa.st  11  o'clock  precisely, 
exte,,  '  iiU  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CROCUS, 
NAm  II  -.  ,  .  :  iii.T  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
i|Ualltv,  ;..;  I,  .1  u.  -I. a  lUe  Trade  and  private  buyers. 

On  vi.-w  murjiing  of  .Sale,  and  Ciitahwues  h.ad. 

On  Wednesday,  October  5,  1887. 

MUSIC    HALL,  SIIKEWSHUKY. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  a  choice  and  raried  COLLECTION  of 

RARE  STO\'E   and  OTHER  PLANTS  (a  number  having 

taken    Prizes    in    the     keenest    competitions),    valuable 

ORCHIDS,  &c.,  includiuf;  Palms.  Cahnliums,  Stephanotis, 

Lapageria,  Aloes.  I-uj.    s.  .  ,  ■ i-,.,,     Al  .idenhair  and 

other  Itare  Ferns,   i  i     ::,s,  Speci 


Azalei 
Pla 


Decora  tiv 


ME.SSRS.\VILLL\M  liM.I    \>.  \  I  BRIDGE, 
AJTD  OWEN  are  honour.  I  i' s  from  the 

Misses  Bannerman,  who  are  Iciu  III  •  i  i  i  ,  i  ,:.  (n  SELL  the 
above  by  AUCTION,  at  the  Mu-h  ii„  ,,,  „  lllr^, on  WED- 
NESDAY', October  .5.    Sale  at  IJut;..  k  |,.,.i„i,l. 

Particulars  in  Catalogues,  to  be  iiad  from  the  .Vuctioneers' 
Offices,  Belmont,  Shrewsburj', 


Wednesday  Next. 

SALE  of  AZALEAS,  PALMS,  and  other  PLANTS  from  Bel- 
gium, FERNS  in  great  variety,  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS, 
LILIES,  DUTCH  BULBS,  NARCISSUS,  &c. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  07  and  68,  Cheapside,  E.C.,  on  WEDNESDAY 
NEXT,  October  5,  at  Half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  without 


On\ 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 
ODONTOGLOSSUM  VEXILLAKH-AL  grand  Importation. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Messrs.  Shuttleworth,  Carder  &  Co.,  to 
SELL  byAUCTIO.V,  at  their  Central  Sale  Boom',  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  London,  E.C.,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  7,  at 
halt-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  a  grand  importation  of  ODONTO- 
GLOSSU.M  VEXILLAKIUM,  in  tine  masses  and  in  splendid 
condition— the  best  importation  yet  received;  CATTLEYA 
A  UREA,  in  line  condition,  collected  and  brought  home  by  Mr, 
.1.  t^iird.r.  manv  of  them  being  seen  in  llower.  ODONTO- 
i.lMSsi   \|    \  l.l\  \  \  111;  1.;  Ml'  the  best  type  and  in   splendid 


I  fu~i 


.  Kn 


I     I   I     I     il-.  -■_    I-     111.-    l.ilr    <JdoutOglOSsUl 

111.'  1  ji  I  .ml  li.iii,  i.iir|ili'  >. in. 'lies,  O.  Rcezli,  Pilumna  uobilis, 
llollca  -pe^H-s,  pi-taK  deeply  tipped  with  crimson  and  probably 
BoUea   Kiabochorum  ;  Cattleya  Sanderiana,   Warrea  cyanea. 


and  W.  tricolor. 


ling  of  Sale,  and  Catalogu 


Preliminary  Notice.— Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton. 

Important  to  Nurserymen,  Florists,  Market  Growers,  anil 
Others. 
SALE  of  the  FREEHOLD  NURSERY,  with  numerous  GLASS 
ERECTIONS,  and  also  the  STOCK   and    UTENSILS   in 
TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
favoured  with  instructions  from  Mr.  Crowe  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton, 
a  short  distance  from  the  Upton  Park  Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
October  11,  at  12  o'clock  preciselv  (unless  previously  let  or 
sold  by  private  treaty),  the  compact  FREEHOLD  NURSERY, 
consisting  of  a  large  block  of  Land,  with  14  well-built  Green- 
houses ellicieutly  heated  by  Hot-water  Piping,  Pits,  &c. 

Following  the  Sale  of  the  Nursery  the  whole  of  the  valuable 
and  immense  stock- of . FERNS,  PAiMS,  «nd  other  GREEN 
HOUSE  PLANTS  will  be  offered  in  suitable  lots  for  the  Trade 

The  Auctioneers  desire  to  call  particular  attention  to  this 
Sale,  as  the  Nursery  is  ready  for  immediate  occupation,  and 
pre.-eiits  a  capitjll  opening  for  any  one  desirous  of  embarking 
into  a  business  of  this  description.     Fuller  paiticular.s  will 

Ciilal.iKii.'s  luav  be  had  on  the  Premises,  and,  with  particuhars 

of  till- -N .  --1  :.!■  -  r.    l']:iiTliri:iiE  axp  MORRIS,  07  and 

lis.  (  I                   1.         I  .i  I  ,     !..,    1-1  .     t:,,  who  will  be  pleased 
to  I- -1      -1   I  -  for  either  Letting  or 


Borrowash,  near  Derby. 

HIGHLY  IJIPORTANT   SALE  of   BEAUTIFULLY  GROWN 

SPECI.VIEN  CONIEFPS  for  effeftive  Planting. 

ToNohlemen.Gentj.-ni-  11.  T   mi-.   .        i.n:     i    i -,  .nid  Others. 

MESSRS.   PRiil  lli.|;ii|      -,  ,i,    MnlMHS  are 
instructed  hv  M.       -     w      1     i       i     .     M  .SELL    by 

AUt'l'IoN,  on  tlie  I'l.  111.  I   i.     )       .   -     i    \  .  - -.-i  us,  Itorrow- 

II- h,  II. -11-  1 1- -I  ..  111-.  .-  in-ii  II.  -■  1-.  ii'l,  I-.  -  .  l;  i-.iu  ash  station, 
.1-1    \'.  I  1'  .;      .n  I  ■     1  ill   l;  .!•  \  •  ,    -'.-..  I     IJ    and  1,3,  at 

::      I  -  1-1.  -  I  'vof  BEAUTI- 

II  1.1.1  (ll;ii\\\  .M  Ksi.-ii",  sliii  .iv,«ii,.  h  hiis  been  care- 
fully pr.-piire,l  lor  nmoval,  iiiclii.ling  a  great  variety  of 
choice  and  rare  specimen  Coniferie ;  matchless  specimen 
(iolden  Yews  and  Hollies;  green  and  variegated  Hollies; 
large  orn.amental  Deciduous  Trees  for  Park  or  Street  planting ; 
JiWO  Laurels  of  sorts ;  very  fine  Standard  and  Pyramid  .'Apples 
and  Pears ;  Rhododendrons ;  10,000  true  native  Larch,  2 — 4 
feet;  large  quantities  of  transplanted  Forest  Trees;  strong 
Thorns,  Sie, 

The  Stock  may  be  viewed  any  day  (Sundays  except.sd). 
Catalogues  had  at  the  Nurseries ;  at  Messrs.  B.ARRON  and 
SON'S  Seed  Shop,  16,  Market  Street,  Nottingham  ;  and  of  the 
Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E,C., 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Sales  of  Nursery  Stock. 

Important  to  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  and  others  engaged  in 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
desire  to  call  attention  to  the  FOLLOWING  SALES, 
which  have  now  been  definitely  lixed  : — 
OCTOBER  17  and  18.— At  the  NURSERLES,  WIMBLEDON, 

By  order  of  Messrs.  D.  S.  Thomson  &  Sons. 
OCTOBER  20.— At  WALHAM    GREEN.    By    order    of    Mr. 

Whittle. 
OCTOBER  21.— At  the  NURSERY,   KNOCKHOLT,  SEMiX- 

OAKS,    By  order  of  Mr.  W.  Dale. 
OCTOBER  24  and  25.— At  the  NURSERIES,    RICHMOND, 

S.W.    By  order  of  Messrs.  G.  &  W.  Steell. 
OCTOBER  26.— At  the   ELM    NURSERY.  BRIGHTON.    By 

order  of  Mr.  Thomas. 
OCTOBER  27  and  2.S.— At  the  ROYAL  NURSERIES,  ASCOT. 

By  order  of  .Messrs.  J.  Standisli  &  Co. 
NOVEMBER  1.— At  the  HALE  FARM  NURSERIES,  Totten- 
ham.    By  order  of  Mr.  T.  Ware. 
NOVEMBER  1,  2,    and    3,— At    the    NURSERIES,    CATER- 

HAM.    Byorderof  Executors  of  the  late  .Mr.  G.  .1.  Woollett. 
NOVEMBER  2.— At  the    NURSERY,    HARROW.    By  order 

of  Mr.  Naylor. 
NOVE.MBER  4.— At  theNURSERY,  SUNDRIDGE.  IDE  HILL. 

SE\'ENOAKS.     By  order  of  Mr.  Cattell, 
NOVE.MBER    7    and    8.— At    the    NURSERY,    PENQE.    By 

order  of  Mr.  E.  B.  Haynes. 
NOVE.MBER  10  and  Il.-At  the  AMERICAN  NURSERIES, 

LEYTONSTONE.    By  order  of  the  Executors. 
Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  preparation,  and  dates  of  these 
will  shortly  be  announced.    The  Auctioneer  will  be  glad  to  add 
the  Names  of  intending  Purchasers  to  their  permanent  Lists, 


Market  Gardens,  Sands  End,  Fulham,  S.W. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  13  acres  of  fine  SEAKALE  for  forcing. 
CAULIFLOWER  and  CABBAGE  PLANTS,  RHUBARB 
BOOTS,  CROPS,  STOCK  and  FURNITURE. 

MR,  MALCOLM  SEARLE  is  instructed  by 
.-Urs.  I  ass,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  without  resene,  as 
all"-.-.  Ill  II  1  sIiAY,  October  11,  at  10  o'clock,  3  very  grand 
Kill  I  '  II  -.  17  hands  high.  Carts,  Vans,  Implements, 
Till  I      I'll!  glasses,  130  3-Iight  Forcing  Frames,  Manure, 

Lull  1,^ '■-.  1 1    ii-i  hold  Furniture  and  Books.     Viewday  prior. 

Catalogues  at  sandu,  Martin's  Lane,  Cannon  Street,  City,  E,C, 


To  Landed  Proprietors,  Intending  Planters, 

and  Others. 
Large  and  Important  SALE  of  GENERAL  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  WINTERTON,  BEALE  and 
WINTERTON  are  instructed  by  .Air.  Edward  Holmes  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  at  the  Whittington 
Nurseries,  near  Lichfield,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
October  18  and  19,  and  following  day,  if  necessary,  an 
immense  quantity  of  GENERAL  NURSERY  STOCK,  remark- 
ably well  grown,  and  splendidly  rooted.  The  whole  of  the 
stock  to  be  offered  has  been  carefully  cult  iv.it.d  and  frequently 
transplanted,  and  will  bear  removal  with  j  .'rf.-i  t  -af.-ty.  Tlie 
trees,  &c.,  sent  from  these  Nujsseri_es.l"r  iiiiniy  y-Av-  ]iii-tlia\e 
earned  the  reputation  of  "  always  doing  w.-ll." 

FRUIT  TREES,  true  to  name,  of  the  b.ist  -oris,  many  in  the 
bearing  state — acomplete  collection.    Some  fine  Trees  of  that 


I-  Crab,  "John Downit 


ificent  and  highly  i 
will  be  included  in  this  section. 

FOREST  TREES,  many  thousands,  healthy  young  stuff- 
Chestnuts,  Elms,  Firs,  Pines,  Poplars.  Birch,  &c. 

EVERGREEN  and  DECIDUOUS  ORNAMENTAL  TREES 
and  SHRUBS — one  of  the  most  complete  and  comprehensive 
Collections  in  England,  including  new  and  beautiful  varieties 
of  the  common  Laurel,  Lilacs,  Syringas,  flowering  Thorns,  &c, 

CONIFERS. — A  collection  noted  and  unique.  Many  of  the 
Shrubs  in  this  section  have  Ijeen  specially  grown  for  winter 
gardening,  potting  for  decoration,  &c.,  and  deserve  special 
attention.    GOLDEN  YEWS  in  variety  and  quantity. 

RHODODENDRONS.— Choice  named  sorts,  ponticums,  and 
other  American  plants, 

CLOIBERS,  hardy,  in  great  variety ;  and  a  fine  selection  of 
the  best  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS, 

May  be  viewed  any  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogues  may  be 
obtained  of  Mr.  EDWARD  HOLMES,  on  the  Premises;  and  ef 
the  Auctioneers,  Estate  Agents  '  and  A'aluers,  St.  Mary's 
Chambers,  Lichfield, 


London. 

To  FLORISTS  and  OTHERS   engaged  in  the   FURNISHING 
TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  have 
been  favoured  with  instruclions  to  SELL  by  PRIV.^TE 
CONTRACT,  a  very  old-established  and  well-known  FI'R- 
NISHING  and  CUT  FLOWER  BUSINESS,  at  present  for 
Dispos.al  solely  in  consequence  of  ill-health.  Every  facility  for 
investigation  will  be  given,  and  full  particulars  will  be  fur- 
nished   on    application.     Capital    required   will    be  between 


£4000  and  £-5000. 


nd  68,  Cheapside,  E.C. 


FOR  SALE,  the  Lease  of  SMALL  NURSERY, 
slocked  with   Vines,    Tomatos,   Ferns,  and    other    Pot 
Plants, — For  particulars  apply, 

.1.  LAKE,  .'Mrs.  Felgate,  Church  Road,  Leyton,  Essex, 

ENEKAL  NURSERY,  FRUIT  GROWING, 

and  FLORIST  BUSINESS.  —  Surrounded  by  several 
large  towns.  Unusual  opportunity  to  an  enterprising  man. 
Nearly  4  Acres  of  good  Land,  11  Greenhouses,  well  heated, 
with  Residence.  Rent  on  Lease,  £6i),  or  the  Freehold  would  be 
Sold— stock,  good-will,  &c.,  at  valuation,  about  £600.  Full 
particulars  of 
PROTHEROE  A\n  :M0RRIS.  67  and  6.9,  Cheapside,  London. 

Forest  Gate— Great  Sacrifice. 
''PO    BE    LET  or    SOLD,   a  compact    NUR- 

JL      SERY,  with  several  GreenhouscFi  and  Cottage.     Leiise, 
11  years.     Rent,  £3i>.     No  Stock.     Capitol  opening. 

Full  particular  of  Me:;.sr^.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS, 
67  and  6S.  Clu'ap-^ide.  E.C. 

Atherstone,  Warwlcksh  re. 

TO  BE  LET,  by  Tender,  for  a  term  of  Twenty- 
one  Years,  determinable  at  sereo  or  fourteen,  nil  those 
valuable  premises  known  as  THE  GRA.PERY.  ATHERSTONE. 
with  five  Cottager,  Garden  Ground,  and  Field  ;  the  whole  con- 
taining 14  acres. 

The  Buildings  comprise  : — A  Vinerj',105  feet  by 40  feet  over; 
a  Vinery,  .S2  feet  by  24  feet  over ;  small  lean-to  Vinery  ; 
StephanotiH-honse,  a  Span- roof  18-Iight  Pit,  Span-roof  Cucum- 
ber-houfie,  52  feet  by  14  feet  6  inches  over;  Vinery  over  Cot- 
tages, 122  feet  by  25  feet  over;  and  Lean-to  Vinery. 

The  Vines  are  of  high  quality;  the  whole  of  the  premises  are 
in  good  working  order;  they  are  close  to  the  railway  station, 
having  direct  communication  with  Town. 

Most  of  the  Garden  Ground  is  let  in  allotments,  the  rent.'i  of 
which,  with  the  Cottages  and  Field,  amount  to  £l30. 

The  Lessee  will  purchase  the  Stock  in  Trade  on  the  premises 
at  a  valuation.     Possession  at  once. 

For  Terms  of  Tender,  and  other  information,  apply  ±0  the 
undersigned,  to  whom  Tenders  must  be  sent  in,  marked 
"Tenders  for  Grapery." 

WfLLIAM  ARMISHAW, 

Clerk  to  the  Goveruors  of  the  Atlierstone  Grammar  School. 


Fifty  Nurseries,  Market  Gardens,  Florist  and  Seed 

lirSlNK-SSES   to  W   DISl'OSED  UF. 

MESSRS.     PKUTHEKOE     and     MORRIS^ 
H0RTICULTLIR.4X    REGISTER    contains    full    parti- 
culars of  the  above,  and  can  be  obtained,  gratis,  at 
67  and  ^»,  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 


BOUVARDIAS,  fine  bushy  plants,  30^. 
per  100;  CYCLAMENS,  good,  in  48's,  30s.  per  100; 
GARDENIAS,  strong  plants.  30s.  per  100;  Tree  CARNA- 
TIONS, best  sorts,  .^Os.  per  100— good  plants. 

W.  JACKSON.  Blakedown.  Kidderminster. 


October  1,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDENERS'     CHEONICLE. 


391 


THE     GARDENERS' 

ORPHAN  FUND. 


DONATIONS    and    SUBSCRIPTIONS 


FULLV   RF.CK 


A.  F.  BARRON,  Hon.  Sec, 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens, 
Chiswick,  London,  A\^ 

THE      NEW      NARCISSUS. 

LARGE-FLOWERED  PAPKll  WHITE  FORCING. 
No  Garden  shouUi  be  without  this  splemlid  aciiui-itioii.     It 
is  a  greatly  improved   form   of    the  old  Paper-white,  lluwers 
earlier,  larger,  and  more  prolific. 

25,  per  dozen  ;    125.  6rf.  per  100  ;   flOs.  per  1000. 

O   A   K  S   H    O   T  T         AND         MILLARD, 
Direct  Bulb  Importers,  Reading, 


ECONOMY    in     the    GARDEN  ! 

CHEAP  good    BVLliK 

THE  PENKY  PACKET  SEED  COMPANY'S 
CATALOGUE, 

fh-ntk  nnd  Pnxt-fi;,:     .",00  Illu.^trtttimx. 


BIDDLES      &      COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOROUGH, 
LEICESTERSHIRE. 

DUTCH       AND       OTHER 

FLOWERING  BULBS. 

Superb  qualifies^  at   mocJeraie  prices. 

Large  Collections  of  nil  the  very  best  vnrieties  of  Hyacinth?, 
Tulipi,  Crocuses,  Xarci=-i,'  Lilies.  Snowdrops,  &c. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  ajyplication. 

STRAWBERRIES. 


Strong  Roots,  4.*;.  per 
ditto  in  large  pots.  LVi/;, 

RICHARD  SMITH 
Merchants.  Worcester. 


100.    Plants  in  small  pof.s.  Iti.v.  per  100; 
per  100.     De.^criptive  LIST  free. 
AN'D    CO.,      Nurserymen    and    Seed 


TO      THE      TRADE. 

.iO.fHXI  NAKCISSt.  DOUBLE  WHITE, 

20.000     „  PHEASANT  EYE, 

10,000    ,,  HOOP  PETTICOAT,  GOLDEM, 

10,000    .,  ,,    CITRON, 

8,000    „  PALLIDUSPR-«COXCpalemlphur),earIiestofall, 

4,000    ,.  MOSCHATUS.  pure  white,  Pyrcnncin  Daffodil, 


J  other  choice  varieties. 
CROWN  IMPERIAL,  Red  and  Yellow, 
CHIONODOXA  LUCILLE,  fine  home  grown, 
„  ,,    collected, 

SARDENSIS, 
WINTER  ACONITES, 
IXIA  CRATEROIDES  (fine  crimson), 
SNOWDROPS,  Double  and  Single, 
,,    Crimean  Giant  (G.  plicatus), 
„    Elwes-s  Giant, 
VALLOTA  PURPUREA  (in  full  bloom), 
100,000  CROCUS,  Yellow,  2nd  and  3rd  size, 
20,000  HYACINTHS,  miied,  bedding. 

Very  low  offers  on  application. 
Wholesale  Bulb  CAT.ALOQUE  Free  by  Post. 


WATKINS   &    SIMPSON, 

Seed  and  Bulb  Merchants, 

EXETER  STREET,  STRANO,  LONDON,  W,C. 


RASPBERRY  CANES,  selected  Fastolf,  SO.--. ; 
s  rong  Carter's,  -liH.  per  1000, 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  Sir  .loseph  Paxton,  12.«.  per  10t«l. 
Terms  cash. 
R.  BATH.  Osborne  Farm,  Wisbeach. 


QA  C\i\i\   CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,  of 

OU^V/UU      flnest  Double   and   Single   Variet: 


all   the 

Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  bedding,  from  12s.  to  24s.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants:  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  o^inrb  pots,  2s.  6a. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO..  Nurserymen  aud  Seed  Merchants,  Worcester. 


Grandest  Violet  ever  Offered. 

MR.  J.  CILVMllKUS,  Westlalce  Nurseries, 
Isleworth,  Lomluii.  \\'.,  i^  now  sending  out  his  New 
Double  \'IOLET  "  VICTUKI.l. "  Strong  Plants,  full  of  Howcr- 
buds,  at  Is.  I3rf.  each,  or  18s.  per  dozeu,  free  by  post.  All  orders 
\u  be  accompanied  with  remittance.  Trade  price  on  application. 
First-classCertilicateRoyalllorti.ulturalSociety,  April  12, 1887. 


Daffodil  Planting, 

HARTLAND'S  Origin.al  LITTLE  BOOK  for 
1SS7.  Post-free,  Is.  r,.(.  It  is  beuutifullvIUustrated  by 
GkktrUDE  Haktlaso,  conlainiug  numerous  full-sized  Dniw- 
ings,  and,  as  a  work  of  art,  uuiquc.  From  the  great  demand 
W.  B.  H.  finds  himself  compelled  to  have  it  reproduced.  Please 
write  for  copy,  and  prior  to  your  sending  Daffodil  orders;  if  not 
pleased  your  money  will  be  refunded.  ADuplicate  Copy  (not  illus- 
trated),"with  a  General  BULB  LIST,  can  be  had  free  of  cost, 
and  the  Book  itself  is  presented  gratis  with  orders  above  40s. 

W.M.  BAYLOR  IIARTLAND,  Secdsmim,  24,  Patrick  Street, 
Cork,  Ireland. 

p     H     E     A     P  0     F     F     E     r". 

\J    AZALEA   MOLLIS,  seedlings,  fine  bushy  plants,  10  to 

2.=)  buds.  ^^.  to  9s.  per  dozen,  50s.  to  60s.  per  100. 
RHODODENDRONS,    seedlings,   from  the  very  best  scarlets, 
9  to  12  inches,  bushy,  20s.  per  100. 

The  above  are  fine  stuff,  and  are  offered  at  n  low  rate,  being 
on  ground  that  must  be  cleared  for  building  purposes. 

Our  New  General  CATALOGUE  for  the  present  srason  is 
now  ready,  and  will  be  sent  to  any  address  on  application. 

ISAAC   DAVIES   Axn    SON,  Nurserymen,  Ormskirk.  near 
Liverpool. 

IFRCFYF^RUIT     TREES. 

O  ^  r\  O  1^     I       Carriage  Paid.      Cordons  a  sin-riiilite. 

Write   f..r    llhi-^trated   Catalogues  to    JOSHUA    LE   CORMT 

A\p  SON      High    View    Nur'^rics     who    will   send,    carriage 

pa  d  for  ca  1       tl  order  FORTY  JERSEY  ROSES  for  2l3. 

Eirly  orders  t  oig  plants. 


U  ll^UtoH'S      MILL- 

TRVCK  MUSHROOM  SPAWN. 

Hj       11  kno  Tl  to  require  descrip- 

P      e  bs   per  bushel  (Is.  extra 

t     I    1  for  package),  or  6rf.  per 

f       by  parcel  post.  Is. 

unless  in  sealed  pack- 

i  I  1  cultural  directions 

o      I        tl  oursignatureattached. 

\\  M       ClTIJL'SH     AND     SON 

t    1)      Nurserymen     and    Seed 

1  H  ghjiate  Nurseries.  N. 


DUTCH  AND  CAPE  BULBS 

IHHErT    FROM    THE    GltnWEIlS, 

ANT.  ROOZEL&  SON. 

OUR     GUINEA     PACKAGES 

OF   CHOICE    HARDY    FLOWER  ROOTS 
For  Indoor  and  Spring  Gnrdenins,  again  enlarged,  now 

Collection    "  F,"    for    Spring    Gardening, 
Containing  1000  Bulbs. 


)Hv 


■intbs,di« 


,=.0  French  Ranunculus. 
50  Snowdrops,  single. 
50  Spanfsh  Iris. 
21  Triteleia  uniflora. 
24  GladioliM. 
4  Lilium  umbellatum. 
24  Scilla  sibirica  prfficox. 


.50  Tulips,  single,  early. 
.50  Tulips,  double. 
24  Tulips,  single,  late. 
20  Narcissus,  Polyanthus. 
.30  Narcissus,  incomparabili^ 
24  Narcissus,  Poeticus. 
50  Anemones,  double, 
24  Anemones,  single. 
41X1  Crocus,  in  4  distinct  colour 

Collection    "  C,"    for    Indoor,    containing' 
284  Choice  Bulbs  for  60-Pots  and  Glasses. 

HalfoJ  either  of  the  nbooe  for  lis. 

The  above  Packages  may  be  had  from  our  Agents,  Messrs, 
MERTENS  AXD  CO.,  3,  Cross  Lane,  St,  Mary-at-Hill,  London, 
E.C.,  on  receipt  of  Cheque  or  Post-office  Order. 

For  particulars  of  our  other  Collections  of  Bulbs  for  INDOOR 
and  SPRING  GARDENING,  see  our  complete  and  revised 
CATALOGUE  tor  1837,  which  will  be  sent,  post-free,  on  appli- 
cation to  our  Agents,  or  ourselves  direct. 

ANT.     BOOZEKT    &    SON,     Nurserymen, 

OVERVEEN,  near  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 


ROSES    IN     POTS; 

all  the  best  New  and  Old  English  and  Foreign 
sorts,  from  18s.  to  36,s,  per  dozen. 
Descriptive  List  free  on  application. 

RICHARD    SMITH    &.    CO., 

WORCESTER. 


"ICCAItS      COLLYER 

A.ilumn  I'ATAl.oGri-:  ]i..u  t-.<.\\ 
Hull 


CO.'S 

rn.idy.  t.T:ili-  ,uKi  post- 

WIIITE  UOMAN  UVACINI'HS,  f.ir  f.'iiviii^',  selected 
first  size  bulln,  Is.vd.  p.T  .k./.-u,  IL'v.  piT  li«i.  PAPER 
WHITE  and  DOUBLE  RO.MAN  NAUCISSUS  lor  forcing 
fine  selected  bulbs.  Is.  6<i.  doz.,  10s,  6U.  100.  HYACINTHS, 
choicest  mixed,  all  colours,  Is.  9rf.  and  2s.  per  dozen, 
12s. arf.  and  14s.  6rf.  per  100.  TULIPS  in  splendid  mixture, 
all  colours,  (jrf.  iloz.,  3s.  100.  NARCISSUS  OBVALLARIS 
(the  True  Tenliy  Daffodil),  monster  home-grown  bulbs, 
most  valuable  for  cutting  and  early  forcing.  Is.  3rf.  and 
Is.  6./.  per  dozen,  fis.  and  10s. 6rf.  per  100.  HYACINTHS, 
rlioice  exhibition  varieties,  4s.  (}«..  5s.  tit/.,  and  7s.  brf.  per 
dozen.  CROCUS.  su|)erb  mixed,  all  .SSI  I.,  1  i"rlli0,9s. 
pcrlOOO.     NARCISSUS  I'OETICI'S.  ;  -hrown, 

very  fnigrant,   excellent  for  cut  hi  -lirowii 

bulbs,  !J</.  per  doz.-n,  .5s.  per  100.  ll;i-.|sii  Im  \C()RUS 
(Y'ellow  Flag),  g.ind  simiig  phnits.  i,,.  ,.,,  n.  .,<.  per  dozen. 
DAFFODILS.  BiiiL'l.-  llnuiTHii;.  Al.  |..-r  .Ui/eli.  :1s.  per  100. 
DAFFODILS,  til.- .i|iM..iiM.-v.-ll..u'.  li./.].,Tdoz.,  4s.4)</.  100. 
STEAWBERRIES. 

LEADING  SORTS   (a-  (Jatalogiu-.l)   at  lis.  per  100  :     or  a 

rolliTtiiMi  of  100  ordinary  sorts,  willi  uii i.li  5IoTislro-ity 

ariil  Citnii-il  V.  Iv.     Carriage  free.      Ca^ll  w  Itll  r.ril>-r. 

CENTRAL   HALL,    SILVER    STREET,    LEICESTER. 

'J'cl'  ifri'iiii  —  "  Ccnti'id,  Leicester." 


ORCHIDS. 

AN    IMMENSE    STOCK. 

ALL    IN    FINE     CONDITION. 
INSPECTION  INVITED. 


New  Catalogue  free  on  application  to 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL  CO. 

(JOHN  COWAN),  Limited, 

THE    A^INEYARD    &   NURSERIES, 
GABSTON,    near    LIVERPOOL. 

15,000   TEA  ROSES, 

IN  ALL  THE  LEADING  VARIETIES, 


The  Company  believe  their  Tea  Roses  to  be  unsurpassed  by 
any  in  the  country.  LIST,  with  full  particulars,  post-free  on 
application.        p^,^^  ^  ^^^  .j.^.^^^  ^^  application. 


THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICTJLTtTRAL  CO. 

(.KIHN     COWAN),     LlMITKIi. 

THE  VINFA'AKD  ,an.i  NrKSEHIE.S,  GAKSTON, 

NEAR  LIVERPOOL. 


ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  Stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursery  is  of  such  magnitude  that 
without  seeing  it  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adequate  conception 
of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

FRUIT  TREES,  ROSES,  AZALEAS,  CAMELLUS, 

BOUVAKlltVS,   IVI'I.AMKNS,    KKIC.VS.   El'ACIlls,    I'RIJIU- 
LAS,  snLANT.MS.    rilKl.;  C'AUNATH  iNS,  and  ..tli.-r 

WINTER   and    SPIUXG   U  LOOM  IS  G   PLANTS, 

Of  tine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 

INSPECTION  Invited. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  274,600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW     &    CO., 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,   E. 


;>'^vt^o^t^i! 


FREE  BY  POST  OR  R A! L 

PRICE  CATALOGUE  POST  j^E 

iJAMESDlCKSOII&gQNS 

"NEWTOOMSEMSWctcr 
I08EASTCATES!  jMEiM 


392 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBEB    1,    1887. 


ADIANTUM    CUiNEATUM.— Strong   Estab- 
lishel  Plants  in  single  pot3,  Hi.  per  100,  £8  10s.  per 
100  '      Cash  with  order. 

O.  ADCOCK,  Florist,  Bokeby  Road,  Brockley.  S.E. 

ARDENIA    PLANTS.— Very  bushy,  good 

colour,  showing  flower-bud,  and  absolutely  clean,   iu 
6  a  d  6-inch  pots,  21.S.  to  305.  per  dozen. 

.iriH     .sTaNDISH  and  CO..  Royal  Nurseries.  Ascot. 

p    u  M  A  N        HYACINTHS  — 

-It  ROMAN  HYACINTHS.— Splendid  Bulbs,  12!.  id.  and 
16.S.  per  100.    Other  Flower  Roots  equally  moderate. 

LISTS    Gratis. 
OAKSMOTT  JM)  MILLARD.  Dire,  t  Bulb  Importers,  Reading. 

io    hose  about  to  Plant  Roses,  &c. 

E\VIN.,i  A-\i'  Ci ).,  .^ea  Vifw  Nurseries,  Havant, 
rtillb.'    ■  PT'>  luiorwjrd,  f^rati^an.l  post-free,  their  Priced 
t'e-. ..,,,.  \(>  Catritogue  of  the  choicest  new  and  old  varieties. 

^   ■.i.uEL].,IAS. — Very   fine   Specimens,  6  and 

V^    7  feet  high,   in   pot^,   to  be  disposed  of.    Apply   to 
'  EAD  liARDENER,  York  House,  Twickenham. 

wx-t.AVVBERRIES    a    Specialty,— W.  Lovel 

k!7  &.'5uw'b  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
appIi<ntiori.  Sampleof  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
f  rp^,  .s  /,— W.  LOVEL  AND  SON.  Strawberry  Growers.  Driffield. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purposes,  and 
will  ba  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Establishment.  Wisbech. 

0      W  R      E      A      D      Y^ 

WHITE   IRIS    AJsGLICA.    THE    BRIDE. 
WHITE    GLADIOLUS.    THE    BRIDE, 
WHITE    ANEMONE,    THE    BRIDE. 
All  very  effective  white  tlower-i,  for  Cutting  or  Decorative 

100  splendid  roots  of  each  of  the  above  mentioned  "  Brides," 
may  be  had  free  per  Parcel  Post  on  receipt  of  P.0.0.  for  205. 
payable  at  Overveen,  Haarlem. 

GEBROEDERS  ROOZEN,  Bulb  Growers,  Overveen, 
Haarlem.  Holland. 

Special  quotations  for  larger  quantities  of  any  of  the  above. 
De-criptive  LIST  of  all  kinds  of  Bulbs  and  Bulbous  Plants  may 
be  had  free  on  prepaid  application. 

Package  free;  free  at  home. 

ARNATION,  "PAUL  ENGLEHEAKT."— 

New  Crimson  Clove,    perfectly    hardy,  free  lowering, 
f.ue  rich  colour,  remarkably  fragrant, 

REQUIRES  NO  STICKS. 
See  Garden,  July  31,  1886  :  August  1.3,  1887.  Gilbert  David- 
so.v,  having  acquired  from  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Engleheart  the  entire 
stock  of  this  tiue  and  useful  border  Carnatiou,  is  prepared  to 
Book  Orders  at  once.  The  stock  being  limited,  early  Orders  are 
requested.  Plants  will  be  sent  out  as  soon  as  ready,  in  strict 
rotation,  at  2s.  6d.  each,  21s.  per  dozen. 

GILBERT  DAVn>SON,  Wemoleu,  Ammanford,  R.S.O., 
Carmarthenshire,  S.  Wales. 


BMALLEK  AND  SONS  beg  to  olTer  to  the 
•  Trade  a  verv  extensive  and  unusually  well  grown  stock 
ot  EKICAS  (Hvemiilis  and  other  varieties),  EPACRIS,  SOLA- 
NUMS,  GENISTAS,  CYCLAMENS,  BOUVARDIAS,  .U)IAN- 
TUM  CUNE.lTf-M  and  other  FERNS,  GARDENIAS,  STE- 
PHANOTIS,  FICUS  ELASTICA,  CROTONS,  GREVILLEAS. 
VINES  in  pots,  &c.  An  inspection  is  invited.  Trade  CATA- 
LOGUES forwarded  on  application. 

Burnt  Ash  Lane  Nurseries,  Lee,  S.E. 


SPECIAL   OFFER  to  the  English  Trade   of 
100,000  INDIAN  AZALEAS,  from  50s.,  70s.,  80s.,  100s., 
1203.,  to  200!.  per  100. 

AZALEA  MOLLIS,  GHENT  AZALEAS,  RHODODEN- 
DRONS, CA.MELLIAS,  FERNS,  PAL-MS.  for  Table  and  Gen- 
eral Decoration.  HYDRANGEA  PANICULATA,  SPIR^AS, 
LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY,  and  various  other  Plants  for  forcing. 
All  at  very  moderate  charges. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE,  free  on  application,  from 
A.  VAN   OEERT,  Continental  Nurseries,  Ghent,  Belgium. 


PRIDE  OF  PENSHURST  CARNATION.— 
The  best  pure  Yellow  Self  ever  introduced.  As  a  Border 
variety,  for  hardiness  and  free  flowering  it  is  unequalled. 
Aivarded  First-class  Certificates  at  Royal  Horticultural  Society, 
Boyal  Botanic  Society,  and  wherever  shown.  The  most  profits 
Bbl«  of  all  to  growers  of  cut  bloom  for  marl'et. 

Eltra    strong    well-rooted    layers   of    this    lovely    variety, 
carriage  paid,  at  7s.  tiff,  per  dozen.    Sample  pair,  post-free,  for 
It  p«nny  itamns.    Price  to  Trade  on  application.    Addreas 
F.  WEBBER,  Quarry  Hill  Nursery.  Tonbridge,  Kent. 

Carpet-bedding  Plants. 

FOR    SALE.  —  IJX.MELIATE    DELIVERY. 
40,000  ECHEVERIA  SECUNDA  GLAUCA, 
20,000  KLEINLA  REPENS, 
and  other  CARPET-BEDDDJO  PLANTS  in  variety. 
Price  per  100,  lOoO,  6,000,  10.000,  or  20,000 
On  application  to 
JOHN  ROBERTS,  The  Gardens,  Tan-y-Bwlch,  R.S.O., 
North  Wales. 

Evergreen  Hedges.— Evergreen  Hedges. 

EVEKUREEN  HEDGES. 

The  tliree  best  Shrubs  for  forming  Hedges  :— 
THOLA  LOIiWI,  2  to  3  feet,  «s.  per  dozen,  SOS.  per  100. 
YEWS,  Engli-h,  2  to  'ii  feet,  8i.  per  dozen,  bOs.  per  100;  2}  to 
3  feet,   10s.  per  dozen,   76l.  per  100;  3  to  4  feet,  18s.  per 
dozen.  I.'i0>.  per  100. 
HOLLY,  Green,  IJ  to  2  feet,  6s.  per  dozen,  .TOs.  per  100;  2  to 
2J  feet,  8s.  per  dozen,  60s.  per  100 ;  2J  to  3  feet,  12s.  per 
dozen,  7&s.  pir  100. 
The  above  are  strong,  bushy,  well  grown,  and  have  all  been 
recently  transplanted,  therefore  will  remove  safely. 

JOHN     PERKINS    AND     SON,    Billing    Road    Nv 
Northampton. 

Telegraphic  Address—"  QUICK,"  NORTHAMPTON. 


NO  T  I  C  E  . 

5,000  VICTORIA  PLUMS,  3  and  4-yr.,  fine  stuff. 
6,000  GAGES  and  other  varieties,  3  and  4-yr.,  fine. 
2,000  trained  PEACHES,  NECTARINES,  and  APRICOTS. 
These  are  8plen(Kd  Trees.      Will  be  sold  cheap,  to  clear 
ground,  for  ca^h.     Samples  and  prices  on  application. 

ELSDON  A>-D  CO.,  The  Vineries,  Milton,  Cambs. 

GARDEN    REQUISITES. 

COCOA-NUT    FIBRE    EEPUSE. 

id.  per  bushel ;  100  for  25s. ;  truck  (loose,  aliout  2  tons), 
40s. ;  4-busheI  bags,  id.  each. 

LIGHT  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  IW.  per  sack ;  6  sacks, 
25s.  ;  sacks,  id.  each 

BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  5  sacks,  22«. ;  sacks, 
4tf.  each. 

COARSE  SIL^'ER  SAND,  Is.  9d.  per  bushel;  15s.  per  haU 
ton :  2(5s.  per  ton,  in  2-bushel  bags,  id.  each. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAM,  PEAT-MOULD,  and  LEAF- 
MOULD,  Is.  per  bushel 

SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  8s.  6rf.  per  sack, 

MANURES,  GARDEN  STICKS,  VIRQIN  CORK,  TOBACCO 
CLOTH.  RUSSIA  MATS,  &c.  Writ«  for  Price  LIST.— 
H.  G.  SMYTH,  F.R.H.S.,  21,  Goldsmith's  Street,  Drury 
Lane  (lately  called  17a.  Ctoal  Yard),  W.C. 

OCOA-NUT   FIBRE,    newly    made.— Great 

reduction.    In  bags — 20,  14s. ;    40,  25s.,   bags  included. 
Truck-load  of  two  tons,  20s.    All  free  on  to  Rail. 

J.   STEVENS   AXD   CO.,   Greyhound  Yard,  and   1.53,   High 
Street,  Battersea,  S.W. 

GARDEN 
REQUISITES. 

Tw(j  Prize  -Medals. 

Quality,  THE  BEST  In  the  Market.     (All  sacks  included.) 

PEAT,  best  brown  fibrous    ...  5s.  per  sack  ;  6  sacks  for  22s.  tW. 

PEAT,  best  black  fibrous     ...  4s.  6(f.    ,,        6  sacks  for  20s. 

PEAT,  extra  selected  Orchid    5s.  6(f.    „        6  sacks  for  25s. 

LOAM,  best  yellow  fibrous  ...     ") 

PRBPARED  COMPOST,  best      (is.  per  bush.,  as.  per  sack. 

LEAF  MOULD,  best  only  (        (sacks  included). 

PEAT  MOULD.  „  j 

SILVER  SAND,  coarse.  Is.  id.  per  bush.,  14s.  halt  ton,  24s.  ton. 

RAFFIA  FIBRE,  best  only Is.  per  lb. 

TOBACCO  CLOTH,  finest  imported        ...    8<i:  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

TOBACCO  PAPER        „        (Specialit*)      8<f.  lb.,  28  lb.  18s. 

MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  finest  MiUtrack ...    6s.  per  bushel. 

CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER--)  In  bags. 

TILISER,  the  Best  Food  for  (  . ■ ^ 

all  kinds  of  Plants,  Flowers,  f  Tins.  71b.  14lb.  281b.  661b.  1  cwt. 
Fruits.  Vegetables,  &c.     ...  j    1/6    3/-    ,5/-    8/-    14/-    22/- 

CRUSHED  BONES,  best  quality         1/2    2/-    3/6      6/-    12/- 

VIRGIN  CORK,  best  quality  only        —    3/-    5/6    10/6    17/- 

HORTICULTURAL  CHARCOAL,  ditto,  2s.  6rf.  per  bushel. 

COCOA-NUT  FIBRE  REFUSE  (by  Chubbs  special  process), 
sacks.  Is  each  ;  10  sacks,  9s. ;  15  sacks.  13s. ;  20  sacks,  17s. ; 
30  sacks,  25s. ;  40  sacks,  30s.  Truck-load,  loose,  free  on  rail, 
25s.  Limited  quantities  of  G.,  special  quality,  granulated, 
in  sacks  only,  2s.  each.    Terms,  strictly  Ca^h  with  order. 

CHUBB,     ROUND    &     CO., 

WEST  FERRY  ROAD.  MILWAIX,  LONDON.  E 

GARDEN       REQUISITES, 

of  best  qualtti/,  as  supplied  to  t/ie  Hoifal  Garden.^,  Ac. 
FINEST  ORCHID  PEAT,  7s.  per  sack. 
BEST  BROWN  FIBROUS  PEAT,  6s.  per  sack,  6  for  22s.  6i. 
BEST  BLACK  FIBROUS  PEAT,  4s.  6d.  per  sack,  5  for  20s. 
COARSE  SILVER  SAND,  Is.  6if.    per  bushel;    14s.    i-ton; 
PURE  LEAF-MOULD,  4s.  per  sack.  [2.5s.  per  ton. 

YELLOW  FIBROUS  LOAil  3s.  per  sack. 
BEST  MUSHROOM  SPAWN,  4s.  per  bushel. 
RAFFIA.    LABELS.    STICKS.    BAMBOO  C-INES.    VIRGIN 

CORK,  CHE^^CAL  MANURES.  Sic. 
SPHAGNUM  MOSS,  6s.  per  sack. 
SPECIALITY  TOBACCO  PAPER  and  CLOTH,  eachSrf.  perlb. ; 

28  lb.  for  18s.  Price  List  free  bv  post. 

W.  HERBERT  and  CO.,  Hop  Exchange' Warehouses,  South- 
wark  Street,. London,  S.E. 


WASPS I 

Ask  your  Chemist 
for  the  INSTANT- 
ANEOUS DEATH 
TO  WASPS.  Sold 
Wholesale  by  BAR- 


WASPS I 

Place  half  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  the 
mixture  iu  the 
mouth  of  the  hole, 
and  the  Wasps  will 
to 


DIE 
IMMEDLATELY. 


Peat  for  Orchids,  &c. 
TJEAT  of  first-rate  quality,  suitable  for 
J-  Orchids.  Rhododendrons,  Azaleas,  Heaths,  Ferns,  and 
other  choice  Plants,  for  Sale  in  any  quantity  at  moderate 
prices  either  by  the  sack,  or  by  the  yard  ;  also  lirst-rate  PEAT 
MOULD.— For  printed  particulars  apply  to  D.  CAMERON, 
Forester,  Mount  Mascal  Estate,  North  Cray,  Foots  Cray,  Kent. 

ARDENERS,    &c.,    REQUIRING    PEAT, 

SAND.  LOAM,  POTTING  COMPOST.  GARDEN 
NETTING.  RAFFIA.  MATS.  &.C..  in  large  or  small  quantities, 
will  save  25  per  cent,  bv  sending  for  our  List  of  Prices,  post- 
Iree. ^BRINKWORTH  AND  SONS,  Reading. 

PE  A  T   —   PEAT   —   PEAT.    — 
Very  superior,  for  Sale.    Sent  in  any  quantity,  to  any 
address,  at  moderate  prices. 

For  printed  particulars,  apply  to  D.  CAMERON,  Forester. 
Mount  Mascal  Estate.  North  Cray.  Kent. 

EAT  and  SAND.— LightTirown  PEAT  for 

Nursery  and  Greenhouse  Work,  in  four-ton  trucks  of  10 
yards  each,  at  10s.  per  yard.  In  bags  at  2s.  6rf.  per  bag. 
Rhododendron  and  American  Plant  Beils.  at  1.5s.  per  ton. 
Orchid  Peat,  5s.  per  bag.  Fresh  SPHAGNUM,  7s.  6if.  per 
bag.    SILVER  SAND,  coarse  or  fine.  Vis.  per  ton. 

WALKER  AND  CO..  Famboro'  Station.  Hants. 

ORTICULTURAL     SOILS,     MANURES, 

SUNDRIES,  and  BERKSHIRE  POTTERY.  Catalogue 
free  per  post,  of  every  Horticultural  Requisite. 

BENJAMIN  FIELD.  F.R.B.S.  (Son-in-law  and  Successor  to 
J.  Kennard).  Central  OfEce  and  Sales  Room.  75A.  Queen  Victoria 
Street.  E.C.,  near  Mansion  House  Station.    DepOt;  Swan  Place. 

Established  1864. 

TREPHO  forORCHIDS. 

For  Potting.  Rafts,  Blocks.  &c.    To  be  obtained  only  from 

BENJAMIN  FIELD,   F.R.B.S.,  F.R.H.3., 

75a,    queen     VICTORIA    STREET,    E.C. ;    and 

SWAN  PLACE.  OLD  KENT  ROAD,  S.E. 

CATALOGUE  of  all  HoBTlctrLTURAL  REQtnslTES  post-free. 
POTTERY  of  all  descriptions. 

PEAT  for  ORCHIDS, 

AZALEAS,  HEATHS,   FERNS,   RHODODENDRONS, 
and  other  choice  Plants. 

The   Best   in   the   World. 

A  JOHNSON  AND  CO.,  23,  Leadenhall  Street, 
•  Loudon,  E.G.,  continue  to  receive  the  highest  of  testi- 
monials (unsolicited)  from  large  Orchid  Growers,  stating  the 
ORCHID  PEAT  supplied  by  A.  J.  &  Co.  is  by  far  the  best  they 
have  ever  used.  Samples  can  be  seeu  at  above  address,  or  for- 
warded on  application,  free  of  charge. 

A.  JOHNSO.V  AND  CO.  have  No  Authorised  Agents  repre- 
senting their  Peat  Estates. 

CERTAIN       DEATH 

to  MEALY  BUG  and  other 

INSECTS  on  PLANTS. 

^    -*^    ^ 

PERFECTLY 

HARMLESS 

^    \^^  to  the  most  tender  plant. 

In  Bottles.  13.  3d.  and  28.  6(L. 

Post-fr,.e. 

THE    AGRI-HORTICULTURAL 
CHEMICAL  COMPANY, 
TONBRIDGE,    KENT. 


GISHURST  COMPOUND,  used  by  leading 
Gardeners  since  1S59  against  Red  Spider,  Mildew, 
Thrips,  Green  Fly.  and  other  Blight.  1  to  2  ounces  to  the 
gallon  of  soft-water ;  4  to  16  ounces  aa  winter  dressing  for  Vines 
and  Orchard-house  Trees ;  and  in  lather  from  the  cake  against 
American  Blight.  Has  outlived  many  preparations  intended 
to  supersede  it.    Boxes,  Is.,  3s..  and  10s.  6(i. 

GISHUKSTINE  keeps  Boots  dry  and  soft  on 
wet  ground.  Boxes,  6rf.  and  \s.,  from  the  Trade. 
Wholesale  from  PRICE'S  PATENT  CANDLE  COMPANY 
(Limited),  London. 

Baskets— BaBkets. 

SJ.   WALDEN,  Walham  Green,   Fulham, 
•    S.W..  and  Salisbury  Square.  Fleet  Street,  E.C,  supplies 
all  kinds  of  PLANT  and  PACKING  BASKETS,  at  low  pric««. 


FRIDAY    NEXT. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM     VEXILLARIUM. 

Grand  Importation. 

MESSES.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are  instiiicted  by  Messrs. 
SHUTTLEWORTH,  CARDER  and  CO.  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  their  Central  Sale 
Rooms,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C,  on  FRIDAY  NEXT,  October  7,  at  half-past  12  o'clock 
precisely,  a  grand  importation  of  ODONTOOLOSSTTM  VEXILLABIUM,  in  fine  masses,  and  in 
splendid  condition — the  best  importation  yet  received  ;  CATTLEYA  AXJB.EA,  in  fine  condition, 
collected  and  brought  home  by  Mr.  J.  Carder,  many  of  them  being  seen  in  flower  ;  ODONTO- 
OLOSSUK  ALEXANDB.S:  of  the  best  type,  and  in  splendid  condition ;  ANGULOA  RUCKERI, 
OiNCLDIUM  FUSCATUM,  O.  KKAMERIANUM,  CATTLEYA  GIGAS,  the  rare  ODONTO- 
GLOSSUM RAMOSISSIMUM,  the  light  and  dark  purple  varieties;  0.  ROEZLII,  PILUMNA 
NOBILIS,  BOLLEA  SPECIES,  petals  deeply  lipped  with  crimson,  and  probably  Bollea  Kla- 
bochorum ;  CATTLEYA  SANDERIANA,  WARKEA  CYANEA,  and  W.  TRICOLOR. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


October  1.  1887.] 


THE     GARDENEFS'     CHRONICLE. 


393 


NOTE—"  The  best  JUSTICE  to  Ireland  is  to  give  Irelaud  a  CHANCE.' 


LADIES!     LADIES!!     LADIES!!! 


You  are  Invited  to  send  your  NAMES 
and  ADDRESSES  to 


ROBINSON  k  CLEAVER,  BELFAST, 


that  PATTERNS  may  be  sent  you,  POST-FBEE,  of  their 

SELECT  DRESS  MATERIALS, 

Which  COMBINE  STYLE.  QUAL,ITY.  and  GOOD  TASTE    with  ECONOMY; 
TREDUCE  the  DIFFICULTY  of  SELWCTION  to  a  MINIMUM; 
EMBRACE  EVPRY  SPECIALITB  of  the  SEASON  ; 
COMPARE  FAVOURABLY  with  ANY  in  the  MARKET  ;  and 
RENDER  DISTANCE  NO  OBJECT. 

N.B.-It  mav  he  ufaled,  hy  im'j  of  "  Introdiutiun.:  that  Roliinson  .j-  Clmir,-  hold  SPECIAL  APPOINTMENTS  to  the  Queen  and  the  Crown  I''-"'<:'%'i>^J^J™''"/:""'l 
that  "The  Qdeen  "  savs  their  specialitee  "have  a  world-imde  fame  T  so  that  ladies  are  confidently  invited  to  send  Jor  patterns  of  their  SELEC I  VlitSS 
MATEEIALS."COMPARISONbeinytheo}ilyTESTofqitalUyr  „  ,     ,, 

IVm  ladies  phase  name  this  paper  to  ROBINSON .f  CLEA  VER.  BELFAST,  and  make  a  special  request, for  any  article  specially  reqiarel  ? 

r\/^TTT>T    C     ■^RfTrvT'lJ     /^  T    /^T'LIO        iny.eweit  Stripes,  Checks,  Comhinatium,  !,-c.     Very  Novel  Styles,  for  Tailor-made  Costume!!, 
UUUtSLit^      WIUIH     <^L<Uln:>,     ^,.^,„  1^    4-M.  V-  yard  to  the  Finest  Goods  made,  

OCflT        CDCMr"U      lVrT7T?TM/%<l         in   Black   and    all   Colours,    at  Is.   ejd.    per  yard;     Extraordinary   Value.      Sup3rfine 
KfciAL.     ^KhiNCM      MfciKlNUO,        re/«.^/»,V,  French  Cashmeres,  at  Is.  h^,&.  per  yard . 

A    SPECIAL    FEATURE  is  made  of  BLA.CK    DRESS    GOODS,  and  we  are  now  offering 

a   Beautiful   Range,   which   includes   some    very   Important   NOVELTIES    for   Autumn   and   Winter,  also   exquisite   CANVASSES   and 
GRENADINES  for  Evening  Wear.  

IN  ADDITION  to  all  the  NOVELTIES  m  FANCY  STYLES,  we  have  some 

Lai-ge  Lots  of  PLAIN  USEFUL  MATERIALS,  at  EXCEPTIONALLY  LOW  PRICES. 


6,000^"°  COSTUME  TWEED, 
6,000  „  HEAVY  SERGE, 


5d. 


5d. 


2,000  ,.  HOMESPUN  TWEED, 


12,000  „  HEAVY  MELTON  CLOTH,  — •-.  b\d. 


4,000  .  FRENCH  FOULI, 


NEW  HEATHER  CLOTH, 


AO 

3,0^ 

2,500  „  ESTAMENE  SERGES, 


IRISH  FRIEZE, 


In   all  Coloura, 


2,000  „  REAL  WHITBY  SERGES, 


1  2d. 


1,500  .  NEW  COSTUME  CLOTH, 


Latest  Design 


REMNANTS  OF  DRESS  GOODS, 


SEND    FOR    PATTERNS,    FREE.-Pleast 


■  Gardeners'  Chronicle. 


,"=  10/-  and  20  -  per  Bundle. 


ROBINSON    &    CLEAVER'S 

IRISH  CAMBRIC  POCKET  HANDKERCHIEFS. 

Per  doz. :— Children's  Bordered,  I'Sd. ;   Ladies',  2/4^d.  ;    Gents',  3, 6d.     Hemstitched  :— Per  doz..  Ladies',  2  ll^d.  ;   Gents,'  4/lld. 

Fish  Napkins,  2s.  lid.  per  dozen.  Dinner  Napkins,  5s.  6d.  per  dozen.  Table 
Cloths,  2  yards  square,  2s.  lid. ;  2i  yards  by  3  yards,  5s.  lid.  each.  Kitchen 
Table  Cloths,  ll^d.  each.  Strong  Iluckaback  Towels,  4s.  6d.  per  dozen  I- rilled 
Linen  Pillow  Cases,  from  Is.  4Jd.  each. 

Monograms,  Crests,  Coats  of' Arms,  Initials,  &c.,  "Woven  and  Embroidered. 

SAMPLES  and  Illustrated  PRICE  LISTS,  post-free   to  anij 

part  of  the  world. 

INITIALS    WOVEN    and    EMBROIDERED. 

ROBINSON  &  CLEAVER,  BELFAST. 

Telegraphic  Address :—  "  LINEN,  Belfast."]     [Send  for  Patterns,  Free— Please  name  Gardeners'  Chronicle, 


IRISH  DAMASK 
TABLE  LINEN. 


394 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBEH    1,    1887. 


SUTTON'S    HYACINTHS 

AT    MODERATE    PKICES. 

"AttlieUrijtol 
Spring  Show  in 
March  last,  the 
Hyacinths  we 
liad     from     you 

Silver  Medal 
from  the  Royal 
Horticultural  So- 
ciety for  the  best 
12  Hyi  ■ 
the  slK 

G.  MARSH. 
Cirdmer  to  M. 
Hif>ihii.Es,i..St. 
Muhnd-s      Hill 


SUTTON'S 
HYACINTHS 


SUTTON'S  BULBS 

GENUINE  ONLY  DIRECT  FROM  READING. 


EARLY  WHITE 

ROMAN  HYACINTHS. 

OUR  LARGE  CONSI(iN.Ml':XTS 
of  ROMAN  HYACINTHS.  PAIKK  WIIITIO  NAE- 
CrSSCS,  &.-..  ar.-  to  han.l  in  spleud.J  luiijitiou.  and 
^\.>  li.iv.-  mill  h  (ili.isiiri-  111  offering  hue  picked  Bulbs 
:it  iiin.i.riit'i  prir.'^,  ;i- liiOiiw,  carriage  free: — 
WHITE  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  extra  tine  roots,  2s.  per 

llii/'U,    I'.      I-r    llM      I  111,      piT   11100. 

WHITE    ROMAN   HYACINTHS,  ordinary  sized   roots, 

Iv.  :i-/    |iiT,lii/iii.  iL's-    piT  Hill,  110s.  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,  Paper  WWte,  H'lendid  tor  forcing.  Is.  lirf. 

Ii.r  il../rii.  111.   !■»/    |ii  r  Mil.  SII1.S,  per  1000. 
NARCISSUS,     Paper    White,    new,     large    flowered, 
jr  to  the  old  sort,  2s.  6ci. 


l-r  111 


NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  «ne  roots.  Is.  id.  per 

du^i-ii.  U's.  *jd.  per  Imi,  Hos.  per  1000. 
Our   beautifully    Illustrated    CATALOGUE    (64    pages 
imperial  size)  of  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  Narcissi.  Liliei*,  Fruit 
Trees.  Roses.  &c.,  is  now  ready,  and  should  be  read  by  all 
intending  purchasers  before  making  their  selection. 


DANIELS     BROS., 

ROYAL    NORFOLK    SEED    ESTABLISH.MENT, 

NORWICH. 


P 


UNTIMG  Season 

UNEQUALLED  FOR 
QUALITY" 

"H^-ARIETY" 
*  "EXTENT." 


PRICED  CATALOGUES  &  ALL 
PARTICULARS  ON  APPLICATION. 


'James  Dickson  &  Sons" 

"lEWTOK"  Nurseries, 

Clnestex>. 


0  BCHID  S. 

CHARLES  PATIN, 


Belgian   Consul, 


MEDELLIN,     ANTIOQUIA, 

REPUBLIC  OF  COLOIVIBIA, 

Bcfjs   to   offer   the  following   Orchids^ 


Aciueta  Humboldti 

„     Barken 
Auguloa  Clowesi 


,.     meleagris 

BoUea  I'atini 

,,     Lulindei 
Brassiivola  sp.,  white 
Catasetum  dis<jolar 

„     sp..  white 
Caitleya  aurea  ami  gigas 

,,    gij^as  Saiideriaua 

„    Triaiiffi 

,,    chocoensis 
Cyguoches  chlorochilum 
Cypripedium  caudatum 

,,    Roezli 

„    Schlimii 

„     „     album 
Cyrtopodium  sp..  yellow,  spot^ 
ted  with  brown  [elmi 

Epidendrum  Frederic!    Guili- 

,,     Imperator 


Miixillariii  ^\,..  ^^!ll(. 
Miltouia  War^r-'wiiv 
Mormodfs  ^p..  ■\\liite 
Odontoslossiim  coruii 

,,  Alexandra: 

„  miniatum 

,,  liliifloruin 

„  Hallii 

„  luteo-purpureu 


,,    Pescatorei 

"    Spathaceum 

„    vexillarium 

,,     Wallisii 

Oucidiu 


thum 

„     serratum 

„     trepador  sp.  nova 

„    sailimii 

,.    Weltoni 
Peristeria  elala 
Pescatorea  Dayana 
Pilumua  fra  grans 

„    nobilis 
Subralia  amoeua 

,,    leucoxantha 

„    xantholeuca  [brown 

Stanhopea  sp.,  yellow,  spotted 

,,    ,,     white,  sweet  smell 
Stenia  timbriata 
Telij-Wgou,  six  specie.-* 
Tricopilia  bp.     See  Pitumna 
Uropedium  Liudeiii 
Utrieularia  moutaua 

,,     cueriUea 
Vanilla  angustifolia 

,,     aromatica 


Gongora  portentosa 
Held  a  sp. 

HouUetia    odoratissima    var. 
antioquensis 
„    chrysantha 

Kefersteiiia  sp.,  white,  spotleJ 

Lielia  Patiui 

Lycaste  Deppei  punctatissima 
gigantea 


,,    sp.  nova  of  cold  climate 
Warscewiczella  discolor 
Warrea  Lindeni 

Conditio}is.~k\\  these  Plants  are  delivered  free  of  charge  at 
Southampton  or  Liverpool;  from  there  buyers  take  all  responsi- 
bility and  expense. 

The  prices  are  the  following  :— Forty  Pounds  by  thousand  of 
the  same  species,  but  those  plants  voluminous  and  heavy,  as 
Cattleya,  Anguloa,  cost  Fifty  Pounds  by  thousand.  For  those 
specie.-i  ordered  by  hundred,  the  price  is  increased  twenty- 
tive  (25)  per  cent.,  and  fifty  (50)  for  those  ordered  in  less 
quantity  than  a  hundred  plants  of  the  same  species. 


Prices  are  quoted  in  English  sterling,  £l  equal  to  2u  marlts, 
2ofrancs.  5  dollars  American,  gold.  Orders  should  be  accom- 
panied by  a  remittance  in  the  form  of  draft-s,  cheques.  &c.,  on 
well  awredited  banking  establishments;  but  if  satisfactory 
refereutes  be  given,  pavment  may  be  made  by  Bills  of  Exchange, 
drawn  at  60  days  after  eight;  smaller  amounts  at  sight. 
Orders  under  £20  cannot  be  attended  to. 

To  secure  the  arrival  of  the  Plants  in  good  condition  con- 
Bignments.  if  not  expressly  ordered  otherwise,  will  be  dis- 
patched only  when  the  Plants  are  iu  fit  condition  to  travel,  the 
months  being  January  to  April,  and  July  to  October. 

By  the  cheopness  of  his  Prices  M.  Cn.  PaTIX  made  unprofit- 
able to  send  expensive  Collectors  to  Colombia. 


Voie.— Payments  may  be  effected  through 

MESSRS.   ENRIQUE   CORTES  &  CO., 

UlMlTHl', 

EASTCHEAP    BUILDINGS, 
EASTCHBAP,     LONDON,     B.O. 


Earlu  Orders  secure  the  Best  Bulbs! 


CARTERS' 

NAMED 


HYACINTHS, 


BEDS  AND  RIBBON  BORDERS, 

Ji/i'    PICK     OF    Tin:     WOllL 
AT  KEMARKABLY  LOW  PKICES. 

Per  IHii.      I'.T 

Carters'  Bright  Crimson. 
Carters'  Deep  Rose 
Carters'  Liglit  Boss 
Carters'  Rich  Purple 
Carters'  Dark  Blue 
Carters'  Light  Blue 
Carters'  Pure  White 
Carters'  White-Tinted     . 
Carters'  Canary  Yellow. 

ALL    SENT    C.iRKIAGE    FREE. 


15 

0 

2 

3 

16 

0 

2 

6 

16 

0 

2 

6 

15 

0 

2 

3 

15 

0 

2 

3 

16 

0 

2 

6 

24 

0 

3 

6 

21 

0 

3 

0 

24 

0 

3 

6 

ILLUNTRATED  CATALOGUES  POST-FREE 


Seedsmen  by  Royal  Commands  to  H.M.  the  Queen 
and  H.R.H.  the  Prince  of  Wales, 

237  &  238,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON. 


SPECIALTIES. 

TEA-SCENTED  ROSES,  CLEMATIS, 
RHODODENDRONS  and  HOLLIES. 


Now  is  the  time  for  Planting  the  above. 

Descriptive  Priced  CATALOGUES,  with 
lowest  "Wholesale  and  Retail  Prices,  on  applica- 
tion to 

JOHN  CRANSTON  &  CO., 
KING'S   ACHE  NURSERIES,   HEREFORD. 

JARMAN'S     BULBS, 

FOR  EARLY  FORCING. 


ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  AVhite,  fine  selected 

ruut>.  L'\.  per  dozen,  \i>s.  per  100. 

NARCISSUS,  Double  Roman,  1«.  &d.  per  doz., 

Ills,  per  100. 
,.    Paper  White,  Is.  'od.  per  dozeu.  10s.  per  100. 

TULIPS,   Due  Van  Thol,  scarlet  and  yellow, 

Srf.  per  dozen,  4s.  per  100. 


All  Carriage  Free.    Catalogues  Gratis  and  Post-free. 

THE    PEOPLE'S    SEEDSMAN 

(REOISTETiFl.). 

CHARD,     SOMERSETSHIRE. 

FERNS  A  SPECIALTY. 

An  IMMENSE  STOCK,  in  SPLENDID  CONDITION. 

ILLUSTRATED  CATALOGUE,  containtng   "Hints  on  Fern 

Cultivation,"  Is. 
SMALLER  CATALOGUE,  of  over  1300  species  and  varieties, 

including    Descriptive      "LIST    OF    New,    Rakb,    and 

Choice  Fkrns,"  and  "  Haedt  NoaxH  Amerioam  F£HM8," 

(rftftOnapiiUtittiou. 

W.  &  J.  BIRKENHEAD, 

rERN   ttVKMJlY,   »ALB,    HANOHISTER. 


October  1,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     GERONIGLE. 


395 


ANTHONY  WATERER 

Invites  an  inspection  from  intending  Planters  to 
the  following  well-grown 

NURSERY    STOCK, 

which  may  be  seen  at  his  Nursery,  Knap  Hill, 
near  "Woking  Station : — 

.VBIES  CANADENSIS,  Hemlock  Spruce,  5  to  8  feel. 
„    DOUGLASII.  6  to  10  feet ;  GLAUCA,  4  to  5  feet. 
„    HOOKERIANA  or  PATTONI.ANA,  3  to  5  feet. 
„    ORIENTALiS,  4.  5  to  10  feet. 

„    PARRYANA,  IJ  to  3  feet ;  GLAUCA  (the  Blue  Spruce), 
1^  to  3  feet,  all  from  seed. 
CEDRUS  ATLANTICA.  4  to  5  feet ;  GLAUCA,  3  to  7  feet. 
„    DEODARA,  6  to  9  feet. 
,,     LIBANI  (Cedar  of  Lebanon),  4  to  6  feet. 
CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA  ERECTA  VLRIUIS,  3  to  8  feet. 

..     „    LUTEA,  3  to  6  feet. 
JUNIPER,  Chinese,  10  to  12  feet ;  Goldeu,  3  to  8  feet. 

„    VIRGINIANA  GLAUCA.  5  to  7  feet. 
PICEA  CONCOLOR,  2  to  6  feet ;    GRANDIS,    4  to  9  feet ; 
LASIOCARPA.  3  to  8  feet;  MAGNIFICA,  2  to  4  feet ; 
NORDMANNLANA,  4  to  10  feet. 
PDJUS  AUSTRIACA.  3  to  5  feet;    CEMBRA,  3  to  8  feet; 

MACROCARPA,  4  to  5  feet. 
TiETINOSPORA  PISIFERA  AUREA,  3  to  6  feet. 
SPRUCE  FIR,  3  to  8  feet. 
THUIOrSIS  BOREALIS,  3  to  4  feet;    DOLABRATA.  3,  4, 

ai.d  6  feet. 
THUL\  OCCIDE.NTALIS  (Anieriean  Arbor-vitie),  3  to  5 feet; 

LUTEA  (GoldeUI,  3  to  6  feet. 
YEWS,  Common,  o,  4.  and  .3  feet,  thousands;  6  to  10  feet 
„    Golden,  of  all  sizes  up  to  10  feet. 

We- have  a  large  quantity  of  Pyiamids,  Globes,  and 
Standards,  in  point  of  variety  and  size  unequalled. 
,,    Golden,  seedlings,  3,  4,  5,  to  8  feet, 
„    Irish,  Ti  to  10  feet. 
„    „    Golden,  3  to  5  feet. 
AZALEAS,  the  finest  varieties  known,  2,  3.  4,  and  5  feet. 

,,    MOLLIS,  seedlings  and  named  varieties. 
RHODODENDRONS,  2,  3,  4,  S,  6,  8,  to  10  feet;  thousands  of 
liner  plants  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  nursery. 

l^  The  Rhododendrons  and  Azaleas  in  Rotten  Row 
and  at  the  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Regent's  Park,  are 
supplied  by  Anthony  Waterer. 
.4.UCUBA  JAPONICA,  2i  to  4  feet. 
B.UIBUSA  METAKE,  fine  clumps,  6  to  7  feet, 
BOX.  green  and  variegated,  3,  4,  o,  to  8  feet. 
HOLLIES,  Common  Green,  3,  4,  i.  up  to  10  feet. 
„    ALTACLARENSE,  \ 
..    HODGINS'.  I 

„    LAURIFOLIA,         ,-     3,  4,  5,  up  to  10  feet, 
..    MYRTIFOLIA,        I 

.,    SCOTTICA  -  4 

,,    Yellow-berried  and  other  sorts. 
„    Variegated,  of  sorts,  3,  4,  5  up  to  10  feef, 
,,    Golden  Queen,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7  to  10  feet,  hundreds  of  beauti- 
ful specimens. 
,,    Silver  Queen.  4  to  10  feet,  splendid  specimens. 
„    Weeping,  Perry's,  on  straight  stems,  with  heads  of  ten 
to  fifteen  years'  growth  ;  New  Golden,  a  large  quantity 
of  beautiful  plants. 


The  following  trees  have  stout,  straight  stems,  fine  heads,  and 
splendid  roots,and  have  all  been  transplanted  witliin  two  years: — 
ACACIA  BESSONIANA,  6  to  12  feet. 

„    SEMPERFLORENS,  12  to  14  feet. 
ACER  DASYCARPU.M.  12  to  16  feet. 

„    „    WIERII  LACINIATA,  10  to  12  feet. 

„    NEGUNDO  VARIEGATA.  Standards,  8  to  10  feet ;  LEO- 
POLDII,  12  to  14  feet ;  REITENBACHII,  8  to  12  feet; 
SCHWEDLERn,  12  to  16  feet;   WORLEYII,    Stan- 
dards, 12  to  14  feet, 
ASH,  Mountain,  10  to  14  feet. 
BEECH,  Common,  10  to  12  feet. 

,.    Purple,  PjTamids  and  Standards,  9  to  16  feet. 
BIRCH,  Purple,  14  to  15  feet ;  Silver,  12  to  16  feet. 
CHESTNUT,  Horse,  14  to  16  feet;  Double  White,  10  to  12  feet; 
Scarlet,  12  to  16  feet, 

,,    Spanish,  12  feet. 
ELMS,  EngUsh,  10  to  12  feet ;  Guernsey,  12  feet. 
LIMES,  10  to  16  feet;  Silver-leaved,  10  to  14  feet. 
LIQUIDAMBAB,  6  to  10  feet. 
MAPLE,  Norway,  14  to  16  feet. 

OAK,  English,  10  to  14  feet;  Scarlet  American,  13  to  14  feet.' 
PLANUS,  English-grown,  12  to  16  feet. 

The  Planes  on  the  Thames  Emljankmeut  were  supplied  by 
Anthony  Waterer. 
POPLAR  BOLLEANA,  10  to  16taet. 

„  CANADENSIS  NOVA  (the  true  variety).  12  to  16  feet. 
SYCAMORE,  Common,  14  to  16  feet ;  Purple,  14  to  16  feet, 
THORNS,  Double  Scarlet,  8  to  10  feet ;  White,  8  to  10  feet. 

„-   Single  White,  8  to  10  feet. 
WALNUTS,  Common,  10  to  12  feet. 


WEEPING  TREES. 


BEECH,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  8  to  12  feet. 

„    „    Purple,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  7  to  12  feet. 
BIRCH,  Young's  Weeping,  Pyramidsand  Standards,  8  to  14  ft. 
ELMS,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  7  to  14  feet, 
LARCH,  Weeping,  Pyramids,  6  to  10  feet, 
OAK,  Weeping  English,  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 
POPLAR,  Weeping,  Pyramids  and  Standards,  10  to  12  feet. 
SOPHORA  JAPONICA  PENDULA.  Standards.  8  to  9  feet. 

Waddcsdon  Manor,  Baron  F.  i>E  Rothschild's,  the  most 
extensive  and  successfully  planted  place  in  England,  haa  beeu 
supplied  principally  from  the  Kuap  Hill  Nursery', 


KNAP  HILL  NURSERY,  WOKING,  SURREY 


THOMAS  S.  WARE, 

HALE  FARM  NURSERIES, 

TOTTENHAM,  LONDON. 

I  have  pleasure  in  announcing  that  the 
NEW  BTJIiB  CATALOGUE,  in  two  parts,  is 
now  ready,  and  is  perhaps  the  most  complete 
Bulb  Catalogue  ever  published — no  Hardy  or 
rorciiig  Bulb  claiming  any  real  usefulness  is 
omitted ;  the  Catalogue  is  Illustrated  with 
several  New  Engravings.  Copies  may  be  had 
upon  application. 

NARCISSUS    and    DAFFODILS, 

for  which  the  Tottenham  House  has  a  world- 
wide reputation  amongst  both  Trade  and  Ketail 
Buyers,  occupy  a  considerable  portion  of  this 
Catalogue — including  an  almost  innumerable 
number  of  forms  from  the  old  popular  garden 
sorts  to  the  most  modern  hybrids,  as  well  as 
many  newly  discovered  varieties.  It  is  necessary 
that  Orders  for  these  should  reach  me  early, 
as  the  demand  is  very  great. 

LILIES. 

It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  remind  readers 
of  this  Journal  that  I  have  one  of  the  finest 
Collections  in  the  country,  and  this  portion  of  the 
Catalogue  will  be  found  of  special  interest  to  all 
who  delight  in  any  of  the  many  and  very  varied 
forms  of  this  interesting  family.  This  section  is 
embellished  with  many  high-class  Engravings, 
now  introduced  for  the  first  time ;  and  these, 
although  naturally  much  reduced,  give  a  most 
correct  idea  of  the  style  both  of  growth  and 
flower,  of  the  Lilies  they  illustrate. 

DUTCH     BULBS 

have  not  been  neglected  in  this  New  Catalogue, 
and  most  complete  collections  of  HYACINTHS, 
TULIPS,  CROCUS,  &c.,  occupy  several  pages. 
All  the  varieties  offered  are  tried  sorts,  and  the 
prices  in  many  cases  unusually  low. 

FORCING     BULBS 

will  be  found  fully  detailed  at  competitive  prices, 
including  ROMAN  HYACINTHS,  PAPER 
WHITE  NARCISSUS,  LILY  of  the  VALLEY, 
SPIR^AS,  TUBEROSES,  .fee, 

IRIS 

in  endless  variety.  Very  extensive  collections  of 
English,  Spanish,  Siberian,  German,  Japanese, 
and  other  forms  :  my  collection  of  these  is  very 
complete, 

CALIFORNIAN,      CAPE,     AND 

MEXICAN     BULBS. 

Very  extensive  Lists  of  these,  including 
CALOCHORTUS  and  CYCLOBOTHRA, 
AMARYLLIS,  MILLAS,  NERINES,  &o, 

HELLEBORES. 

A  very  grand  Collection,  in  many  showy  use- 
ful varieties.     All  iine  home-grown  stuff. 


Catalogue  may  he  had  gratuitously  and 
post-free  upon  application. 


Thomas  S.  Ware, 

HALE    FARM    N'tTRSEEIES, 

TOTTaNHAW,    LONDON, 


Now  ready,  in  cictli,  lis,  6<i. 

THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE, 
Vol.  I..  Third  Series,  JAN.  to  JUNE,  1887. 
W.   RICHARDS,   41.  Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

NEW  EDITION, 

Corrected  up  to  Date, 

THE  COTTAGERS  CALENDAR 

of 

GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3^d. 

W.  RICHARDS,  41,  Wellington  Street,  Strand, 

London,  W.C. 


SATURDAY,   OCTOBER  1,  1887. 


OXFORD  GARDENS. 
'T^HE  glorious  gardens  which  have  rendered 
-■-  Oxford  the  most  beautiful  of  our  cities, 
were  clad  to  perfection  last  Midsummer  Day  in 
that  peculiar  garb  which  a  poet  has  called  "  the 
immortal  verdure  of  England."  As  my  rude  pen 
would  certainly  fail  in  the  attempt  to  do  them 
justice,  I  shall  borrow  a  few  sentences  from 
Nathaniel  Hawthorne's  English  Note  -  Book, 
doing  so  with  greater  satisfaction  because, 
in  spite  of  his  foreign  sympathies,  and  the 
republican  pr.  judice  which  he  rarely  lost — 
poor  man! — in  writing  of  England,  he  was 
delighted  with  Oxford,  and  said  of  its  gar- 
dens, in  effect,  "  See  them  and  die ! "  After 
visiting  the  gardens  of  St,  John's  College  he 
noted  down  in  his  journal,  "  AVe  concluded  the 
rambles  of  the  day  by  visiting  the  gardens  of  St. 
John's  College,  and  I  desire,  if  possible,  to  say 
even  more  in  admiration  of  them  than  of  those 
of  New  College — such  beautiful  lawns,  with  tall, 
ancient  trees,  and  heavy  clouds  of  foliage,  and 
sunny  glimpses  through  archways  of  leafy 
branches,  where  to-day  we  could  see  parties  of 
girls,  making  cheerful  contrast  with  the  sombre 
walls  and  solemn  shade."  These  are  said  to  be 
the  finest  of  all  the  gardens,  and  for  that  reason 
the  fetes  after  Commemoration  Day  are  held 
here. 

The  gardens  of  New  College  are  almost  as 
famous.  Their  Limes  are  pre-eminent,  and  they 
were  covered,  when  I  paid  my  recent  visit,  with 
the  million  little  pin's-head  buds  from  which  the 
blossoms  were  about  to  burst.  But  as  the  trees 
bloomed  rather  late  this  year,  the  bees  had  not 
commenced  their  noisy  business  in  the  branches. 
"  What  a  buzzing  they  will  make  presently,"  I  re- 
njarked  to  the  man  who  showed  me  the  gardens. 
"  Ay,"  he  replied,  "  they  buzz  almost  as  beautiful 
as  the  organ  in  the  chapel,"    What  a  compliment 


396 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[OCTOEEE    1,    1887. 


for  the  bees  ! — for  the  instrument  he  referred  to 
is  one  of  the  best  in  England. 

The  number  of  these  famous  Limes  is  exactly 
nine — the  same  as  that  of  the  Muses — and  their 
average  height  cannot  be  much  less  than  130  feet. 
They  stand  along  one  side  of  the  garden  parallel 
with  its  high  wall,  and  the  space  between  the  two 
forms  a  most  cozy  and  retired  walk  on  one  side  the 
wall  ;  on  the  other  the  buttressed  Lime  trunks 
h»  ivily  draped  with  foliage.  At  the  end  of 
the  row  of  Limes  a  lawn  crosses  at  right  angles 
t  '  ike  garden  already  traversed,  having  at  its 
further  end  a  "temple"  recessed  among  shrubs. 
The  place  is  beautifully  retired,  and  there  are 
trees  which  lend  it  dignity — noble  English  Elms, 
a  Tulip  tree,  a  free  blossoming  x'ariety  of  Lime, 
differing  from  the  others ;  and  a  grand  wall 
bounding  the  lawn  on  the  right  and  at  the 
further  end.  The  spot  forms,  in  fact,  an  angle 
of  the  old  city  wall,  which  William  of  Wykeham 
was  bound  to  keep  in  repair  for  ever.  These 
battlemented  and  lofty  walls,  seven  centuries  old, 
with  ancient  bastions,  and  with  Ivy  and  creepers 
trailing  thickly  over  them,  form  an  admirable 
fence  for  the  garden,  aud  at  their  angle  they 
enclose  what  was  once  the  bowling-green,  or 
"  cphairisterium  "  of  the  College. 

Abstaining  from  minut-i  details,  Hawthorne 
says : — "  These  gardens  of  New  College  are 
indescribably  beautiful^not  gardens  in  the 
American  sense,  but  lawns  of  the  richest  green 
and  softest  velvet — grass  shadowed  over  by 
ancient  trees  that  have  lived  a  quiet  life  here  for 
centuries,  and  have  been  nursed  and  tended  with 
such  care,  and  so  sheltered  from  rude  winds  that 
certainly  they  have  been  the  happiest  of  all 
trees." 

In  Loggan's  old  prints  of  Oxford  the  gardens 
of  Xew  College  are  shown  fancifully  laid  out, 
and  planted  with  trees  of  Box  and  Yew  curiously 
cat  and  shorn  so  as  to  display  a  varied  veget- 
abl  '  ornamentation,  including  the  Eoyal  arms, 
thjse  of  the  College,  the  initials  of  William 
of  Wykeham,  fundator,  with  those  of  Charles  I. 
and  the  date  IBiJS.  The  modern  gardens  consist 
of  lawns  and  trees  with  a  few  shrubs  and  a  very 
slight  edgings  of  flowers  here  and  there.  The 
part  which  formed  the  Sphairisterium  was  made 
perfectly  level  by  the  excavation  of  a  large 
quantity  of  earth  which  was  piled  upon  the  spot 
into  a  mound,  now  overgrown  with  shrubs  and 
trees  and  playing  a  very  useful  part  in  the 
landscape-gardening  of  the  enclosure  by 
concealing  its  extent  and  boundaries.  The 
College  buildings  were  enlarged  many  years  ago 
by  a  series  of  chambers,  extending  eastward, 
having  two  wings  projecting  into  the  gardens, 
with  an  inner  court  divided  from  them  hy  a 
handsome  iron  fence  and  gate.  A  more  reri'nt 
improvement  has  been  the  removal  of  the  stal>l(-< 
and  outbuildings  from  the  "  Slipe  "  on  the  uppu- 
sitfi  side  of  the  wall  from  the  gardens,  where  new 
buildings  are  still  in  progress,  and  where,  at  the 
further  end,  the  old  tower  of  the  Castle  and  its 
principal  bastion  are  seen,  incorporated  with  the 
old  buildings. 

New  College  was  built  by  William,  of  Wyke- 
ham, Bishop  of  Winchester,  in  1-3S0-6  and  re- 
mains, like  all  the  work  of  that  great  architect, 
a  model  of  simplicity,  stability,  and  grandeur. 
II.  E. 


New  or  Noteworthy  Plants. 


Bedding  with  Hardy  Perennials.— A  bed 

composed  entirely  of  the  maxinuis  variPtv  of  Heli- 
antiius  multifl'jrus  has  been  a  conspicuous  object 
lately  at  Kew.  With  a  Yew  hedge  for  a  background 
this  bed  has  been  very  effective.  Such  beds  yield  a 
reasonable  supply  of  "  cut  flowers,"  which  cannot 
cnnyeniently  be  obtain*''  from  ordinary  Bummer  beds. 


KNIPHOFIA  PALLIDIFLORA,  Baker* 
A  VERY  interesting  novelty,  and  perfectly  distinct 
from  all  the  other  species  known  to  me  to  be  in  cul- 
tivation, and  one  which  probably  by  the  majority  ot 
gardeners  would  not  be  recognised  as  a  Kniphofia,  its 
slender  leaves,  and  horizontally  spreading  or  slightly 
ascending  white  flowers  giving  it  quite  a  different 
appearance  to  the  broad-leaved,  yello\v  and  orange- 
fiowered  species  so  familiar  to  most  of  us.  Most  of 
the  species  of  this  genus  are  natives  of  South  Africa, 
and  several  grow  in  Abyssinia,  but  the  present  species 
comes  from  the  Ankaratra  Mountains  in  Central 
Madagascar,  and  is  the  only  species  yet  known  from 
that  island.  It  is  comparatively  a  small  species,  the 
wild  species  being  from  12 — 16  inches  high  ;  but  the 
cultivated  plant,  which  has  just  now  flowered  at  Kew, 
is  about  2  feet  high.  The  leaves  are  6 — 12  inches 
long  by  one-twelfth  of  an  inch  broad,  linear,  semi- 
terete,  concave  down  the  face,  with  acute,  minutely 
serrulated  edges,  bright  green,  not  at  all  glaucous. 
Flower-stem  terete,  green,  1 — 2  feet  high,  with  a  few 
empty  bracts  below  the  raceme,  which  at  first  is 
short  and  dense,  but  elongate,  and  becomes  lax  as 
the  flowers  open.  Pedicels  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long, 
slender.  Perianth  4.}  lines  long,  31  lines  in  diameter, 
somewhat  funnel-shaped,  with  short  obtuse  lobes, 
white,  ascending  or  spreading.  Stamens  included, 
filaments  white,  anthers  yellow.  N.  E.  Brown. 

OUVIRANDRA   FENESTRALIS 

ii  in  robust  health  at  Kew  just  now,  the  leaves  beinf' 
numerous  large,  and  perfect,  and  the  flower-spikes 
plentiful ;  one  of  the  latter  was  four-branched,  evi- 
dently from  the  union  of  two  spikes.  This  fineexample 
is  growing  in  atank  in  one  of  the  propagating-houses, 
where  apparently  it  is  quite  at  home  ;  it  is  planted 
in  a  pan  of  yellow  loam,  and  the  water  of  the  tank  is 
kept  at  a  temperature  of  75°  to  80°.  Already  good 
seeds  have  been  gathered  from  it,  and  a  batch  of 
young  ones  in  the  same  tank  bear  testimony  to  the 
crop  of  seeds  borne  by  the  same  plant  last  year.  The 
plan  of  taking  the  tubers  out  of  the  soil,  and  exposing 
them  on  a  shell  in  a  stove  for  about  a  month  (in 
February),  is  supposed  to  have  a  good  deal  to  do  with 
the  successful  cultivation  of  this  plant  at  Kew. 

Myrmecodia  Beccari 
continues  in  good  health,  and  is  now  flowering  freely  in 
the  propagating-house  at  Kew.  Seed  I  i  iigs  are  also  gro  w- 
iag  there  from  seeds  ripened  at  Kew  last  year.  The 
belief  that  the  thickened  Turnip-like  stem,  with  its 
numerous  internal  galleries,  is  caused  by  a  certain 
kind  of  ant  making  its  home  in  the  stem  of  the  plant 
is  now  proved  an  error,  the  swelling  and  galleries 
being  apparent  on  the  seedling  jdants,  which  cer- 
tainly have  no  ants  about  them.  No  doubt  the  ants 
would  make  a  home  of  such  a  snug  place  as  is  pro- 
vided by  tliese  galleries,  but  then  these  ubiquitous 
little  busyhodies  will  house  in  any  place  almost.   }V. 


The  Rook  Garden. 


CROCUS    VALLICOLA. 

Ckocuses  so  early  in  the  autumn  as  this  was  a 
treat  never  dreamed  of  until  Mr.  Maw,  of  ICenley,  took 
the  genus  in  hand,  and  now,  through  his  untiring  ex- 
ertions, we  have  the  Crocus  more  or  less  in  flower  for 
at  least  eight  months  of  the  year,  bpginning  in  August 
and  continuing  with  little  abatement  until  the  fol- 
lowing summer.  The  first  to  flower  in  autumn  is 
C.  Sharojani,  throwing  up  flowers  at  intervals  all 
through  this  and  the  next  month,  and  even  later. 
The  segments  are  fine  deep  orange  flowers,  large, 
rising  well  above  the  soil.  C.  vallicola  is  a  native  of 
the  alps  of  Trebizond  and  Lazistan,  at  altitudes  of 


6000  to  7000  feet  above  sea-level ;  the  flowers  are 
pale  cream-coloured,  terminating  in  fine  thread-like 
appendages ;  the  segments  are  faintly  veined,  purp- 
lish on  the  inside,  and  marked  with  two  small  orange 
spots  at  their  base.  In  quantity  it  would  be  a  very 
useful  plant  for  the  rock  garden,  &c.  Now  in  flower 
in  the  Kew  collection.  J). 

Anemone  sulforea. 
On  p.  361  my  friend  Mr.  Ewbank  speaks  of  A. 
sulphurea  as  a  plant  which  ought,  according  to  theory, 
to  have  calcareous  soil.  I  think  this  is  a  mistake. 
Both  Correvon  (P/antes  des  Alpes,  p.  97),  and  Kerner 
(Citltit/  der  Alpoipjlanzen-,  p.  'J5),  catalogue  A.  alpina 
as  a  lime-loving  plant,  and  A.  sulfurea  as  a  lime- 
hater;  but  whether  planted  in  lime  or  granite  I  find 
A.  sulfurea  less  easy  to  please  in  cultivation  than  A. 
alpina.  C.  WoUey  Dod,  Edge  Hall,  September  24. 


CASSIA  CORYMBOSA. 

The  illustration  (fig.  84)  represents  a  standard 
plant  of  Cassia  corymbosa  grown  in  the  garden  at 
Polesden  Lacey,  Dorking,  and  which  was  taken  from 
a  plant  successively  planted  out  there  for  the  last 
twenty-nine  years.  Its  ])resent  measurement  is 
21  feet  height  of  stem,  the  head  being  2|  feet  high, 
and  about  7  feet  in  diameter  ;  the  girth  of  the  stem 
is  8  inches.  Mr.  O.  Goldsmith,  the  gardener,  kindly 
informs  us  that  he  has  fourteen  otliers  of  similar 
size,  which  are  planted  in  different  parts  of  the 
pleasure-grounds  and  in  parts  of  the  flower  parterres, 
where  they  form  raised  centres  to  various  beds,  all 
of  them  being  at  the  present  time  very  full  of 
blooms  and  very  attractive.  The  treatment  given 
them  is  very  simple.  About  the  end  of  October,  or 
as  soon  as  the  frosts  become  severe  (they  will  bear 
several  degrees),  the  plants  are  cut  back,  leaving  a 
few  eyes  of  the  current  year's  wood.  They  are  then 
taken  up  and  potted  into  large  pots,  a  good  water- 
ing being  given  to  settle  the  mould  round  the  ball. 
The  plants  are  aftern'ards  put  into  a  cool-house  with 
sufficient  heat  to  keep  out  frost.  During  winter 
they  are  kept  rather  dry,  and  when  growth  recom- 
mences, a  good  soaking  of  water  is  given  when  it 
has  advanced  about  2  inches,  which  is  about  the 
end  of  May ;  shortly  afterwards  they  are  taken 
out  of  the  house,  hardened  off  for  a  few  days,  and 
then  turned  out  into  their  old  beds,  which  require 
liberal  manuring  every  year. 

As  a  subject  for  the  greenhouse,  or  for  vases,  the 
Cassia  is  well  deserving  of  attention,  the  small 
amount  of  cultural  skill  demanded  to  grow  the  plant 
being  rewarded  by  abundance  of  bloom.  It  is  some- 
times employed  to  clothe  low  walls  or  trellises,  with 
very  good  eflfect. 


DECO- 


*  Kntphofa  paltr'lifioTft,  BaVflr,  m  Jnit 
■tX.  XX..  p.  a7.r 


Linn.  S^e..  Bat., 


CHRYSANTHEMUMS     AS 
RATIVE    PLANTS. 

It  would  perhaps  be  a  difficult  task  to  write  .any- 
thing new  on  tlie  culture  or  management  of  the 
Chrysanthemum  ;  but  some  profitable  lessons  may  yet 
he  learned  from  a  cloi.e  study,  careful  comparison  of 
varieties,  and  due  consideration  of  the  requirements 
of  the  establishments  where  these  plants  are  culti- 
vated. There  are  very  few  places  where  a  display 
of  blooming  plants  is  required  where  the  Chrysan- 
themum is  not  cultivated,  and  there  are  very  few 
cultivators  of  this  favourite  of  the  autumn  display 
who  do  not  visit  the  shows  ;  hence,  a  general  im- 
pression is  engendered  that  what  has  been  seen  at  the 
show  must  be  the  ideal  for  their  future  efforts.  While 
this  is  perfectly  right  for  the  one  who  cultivates  for 
exhibition  purposes,  it  is  not  so  for  those  who  grow 
their  plants  for  decorative  dis])lay  at  home ;  the 
home  requirements  are,  in  nine  cases  out  of  every 
ten,  of  far  greater  importance.  I  once  heard  a 
veteran  officer  of  a  horticultural  society  recom- 
mend all  the  gardeners,  members  of  that  So- 
ciety, to  grow  all  their  fruits,  flowers,  and  vegetables 
up  to  the  show  standard.  There  is  no  doubt  about 
the  soundness  of  this  (idvic*  for  the  favnurefl  few. 


October  1,  1887.] 


TEE     GABDE  NEBS'     GHBONICLE. 


397 


but  I  venture  to  affirm  that  it  is  very  misleading  to 
tlie  many,  and,  if  acted  upon,  it  would  certainly  bring 
disappointment  in  hundreds  of  places,  if  not  end  in  a 
change  of  gardeners.  The  demands  of  private 
establishments,  and  the  requirements  of  those 
whom  we  serve,  are  of  paramount  importance,  and 
therefore  call  for  our  first  consideration,  and  should 
be  the  mainsprings  of  all  our  motives  and  efforts.  If 
growing  for  exhibition  finds  a  place  in  the  pro- 
gramme, and  convenience  also  allows,  then  gi'ow  and 
show  by  all  means ;  but  if  either  be  absent,  then 
grow  for  home  uses  only  whatever  forms  or  sizes  of 
plants  may  be  required  for  the  various  purposes  of 
home  decoration.  Some  small  plants  will  always 
come  in  very  useful ;  in  fact,  in  many  places  tliey 
are  essential.  Committees  of  Chrysanthemum 
societies  do  not  often  invite  this  class  of  plant  to 
tlieir  exhibitions,  and  therefore  little  is  to  be  learned 
from  that  source  about  the  production  of  these 
little  gems. 

Much  useful  information  has,  Iiowever,  been  given 


be  taken.  They  should  be  inserted  singly  in 
small  pots,  using  ratlier  sandy  soil  for  this  work. 
After  a  good  watering  tliey  are  placed  in  a  close 
tVame,  or  if  I  have  an  old  hotbed  on  which  to 
set  them  they  root  sooner,  but  they  will  soon  form 
roots  if  kept  close  and  shaded  from  the  sun,  without 
bottom-heat.  "When  this  has  taken  ])lace  they  are 
pxjiosed  to  more  air  and  sun  gradually,  till  in  a  few 
days  they  are  placed  in  a  frame,  where  they  may  have 
protection  from  heavy  rain  or  from  very  strong  sun, 
it  necessary.  In  the  course  of  a  fortnight  these  small 
pots  will  be  filled  with  roots  ;  a  shift  must  then  be 
given.  I  see  by  my  note-book  that  tliis  took  place 
with  me  last  summer  on  .July  9  for  the  first  batch. 
Be  as  careful  as  one  may  in  selecting  the  cuttings  and 
in  the  after-treatment  of  them ;  some  will  root  quicker 
and  be  prepared  for  a  larger  pot  before  others. 
From  the  cutting  pot  I  transfer  to  large  GO's,  and 
from  these  again  to  32's  as  the  finals.  As  a  matter 
of  course,  the  plants  are  exposed  to  all  the  sunshine, 
niglit  dews,  rain  and  wind,  till  housing  time,  so  that 


leave  the  Japanese  and  pompons  out  of  my  list 
and  only  gi-ow  for  this  purpose  the  incurved  and  re- 
iloxed  varieties.  There  are  some,  such  as  Golden 
Queen  of  England,  Georges  Sand,  and  Baron 
Beust  which  do  not  find  favour  for  this  purpose;  but 
I  have  found  the  following  varieties  from  the  incurved 
varieties  come  out  remarkably  well : — Barbara, 
Eve,  Golden  Empress,  Empress  of  India,  Jardin 
des  Plantes,  Mrs.  Dixon,  Golden  Dr.  Brock, 
Lady  Slade,  Pink  Venus,  Lady  Talfourd,  Mrs. 
Sharp,  Virgin  Queen,  Nil  Desperandum,  Mr.  Burn, 
Princess  Teck,  Antoinette,  Duchess  of  Manchester, 
Mrs.  George  Rundle,  and  Alfred  Salter.  All  the 
reflexed  varieties  answer  well,  and  as  a  rule  are  more 
bushy,  and  carry  more  blooms.  This  section  does 
not  require  any  stopping  with  my  treatment ;  but  the 
incurved  section  do  require  their  points  removed 
soon  after  they  are  well  rooted.  iV".  Mlandfon! , 


Orchid  Notes  and  Gleanings. 


Tig.  84. — cassia  coetmbosa.    (see  r.  39G.j 


in  books  and  in  tlie  horticultural  papers  upon  the 
matter,  but,  so  far  as  I  liave  seen,  there  is  still  room 
for  the  record  of  another  method.  I  do  not  entertain 
the  idea  that  my  plan  of  procedure  is  better  than 
others,  or  that  it  is  not  known  and  practised  by 
otliers  ;  but  as  the  plan  is  simple,  easy  of  accomplish- 
ment, and  successful,  I  may  be  pardoned  for 
describing  it.  When  the  plants  have  done  flowering 
and  are  cut  down,  one  of  each  variety  most  suitable 
for  this  purpose  is  put  into  a  cold  frame  and  kept  as 
cool  as  possible,  but  safe  from  frost,  until  about  the 
last  week  in  March.  They  are  then  stood  out  and 
thoroughly  hardened  for  planting  out.  Care  must 
be  taken  of  them  till  about  the  second  week  in 
May,  when  they  should  be  turned  out  of  their 
pots,  the  ball  somewhat  loosened,  then  planted 
in  some  suitable  place  in  the  kitchen  garden,  where 
they  will  bloom  in  due  season.  All  this  is  very 
simple,  but  now  follows  the  keynote  of  my  system. 
As  near  as  possible  to  .June  28  cuttings  should 
be  taken  from  these — not  from  pinchings  of  pot 
plants,  as  so  many  wTiters  advise — but  the  strongest 
tops  to  be  found  oa  these  vigorous  plants  should 


the}'  may  become  sturdy  bushy  little  specimens. 
They  will  also  produce  finer  blooms  and  develope 
finer  foliage  if  treated  kindly  to  a  little  feeding  after 
they  become  well  establislicd  in  their  blooming  pots. 
There  is  not  half  the  difticulty  in  finding  a  place 
under  cover  for  these  small  plants  as  often  happens 
with  tall  and  larger  plants ;  they  should,  however, 
be  placed  as  near  the  glass  as  possible  and  have 
plenty  of  air  night  and  day  till  they  are  in  bloom. 
Thus  we  obtain  the  most  useful  and  pleasing  little 
plants  that  I  have  seen  produced  anywhere.  They 
are  always  admired  by  visitors,  and  highly  appre- 
ciated for  their  chaste  yet  natural  appearance, 
either  as  front-row  plants  in  a  group,  or  on  the 
shelves,  or  in  vases  for  tables  and  sideboards.  If  the 
framers  of  schedules  were  to  invite  this  class  of 
Chrysanthemum  to  their  shows,  there  is  no  doubt  but 
that  many  a  gardener  who  has  to  provide  small 
blooming  pl.ants  for  indoor  decoration  would  learn 
some  useful  lessons  on  visiting  the  shows  in  addition 
to  what  he  now  learns.  'Sly  practice  is  to  allow  each 
plant  to  carry  from  four  to  six  blooms  of  the  large 
varieties,  and  six  to  twelve  of  the  smaller  ones.     I 


SACCOLABIUM  BIGIBBUM  VAK. 
A  VARIETY  difl'ering  much  ,and  greatly  superior  to 
that  pourtrayed  in  the  Botanical  Maga:me,  pi.  5767, 
is  to  be  seen  at  Kew.  It  is  rarely  that  one  meets 
with  a  prettier  little  thing  than  this  ;  in  the  shape 
and  arrangement  of  its  flowers  it  greatly  resembles 
S.  bellinum,  but  is  even  more  floril'erous.  The  leaves 
are  oblong  and  of  a  briglit  dark  green ;  the  flowers 
are  closely  arranged  on  short-stalked,  sub-corymbose 
racemes  ;  the  sepals  and  petals  are  similarly  spatu- 
late,  and  dull  yellow  ;  the  saccate  lip  is  white,  with 
a  yellow  patch  at  the  base,  and  the  edges  rosy- 
purple  ;  it  is,  moreover,  fringed  after  the  manner  of 
S.  bellinum,  the  fringe  being  white  with  a  yellow 
spot  on  tlie  centre.  The  plant  under  notice  has 
three  inflorescences,  bearing  an  aggregate  of  twenty- 
five  flowers.  It  comes  from  Burmah,  and  grows 
freely  in  a  basket  witli  sphagnum  moss  ;  it  requires 
a  warm,  moist  atmosphere,  and  must  never  be 
allowed  to  become  dry  at  the  root. 

MlCBOSTYLIS   BELLA. 

Although  there  are  several  of  this  genus  worth 
growing  for  their  handsome  foliage,  such  as  M.  calo- 
phylla,  chlorophrys,  and  metallica,  I  know  of  none 
except  M.  bella  whicli  jiossess  that  qualification  in 
regard  to  their  inflorescence.  This  species,  intro- 
duced by  M.  Linden,  is,  however,  undoubtedly  an 
exception,  and  fully  deserves  its  name.  It  is  easily 
grown,  and  when  jjlaced  in  heat  and  moisture  never 
fails  to  throw  up  its  slender  racemes  of  dull  reddish- 
purple  flowers.  The  most  striking  part  of  the 
flower  is  the  lip,  which  is  flat,  horseshoe-shaped,  and 
occupies  the  uppermost  position.  To  those  to  whom 
the  glories  of  Cattlej'a  and  Loelia  are  not  all  in  all, 
this  plant  may  be  recommended  as  an  elegant  little 
curiosity.     It  m.iy  be  seen  in  flower  at  Kew. 

DeNDROBIU.M    BIGIBBUM. 

A  beautiful  variety  of  this  species  is  now  flowering 
at  Kew.  The  sepals  and  petals  are  of  a  rich  glow- 
ing purple,  the  elfect  of  which  is  heightened  by  a 
very  thin  mai'ginal  line  of  wdiite  ;  the  three-lobed 
lip  is  yet  more  deeply  purple,  the  side  lobes  curling 
up  and  enclosing  the  column  ;  the  crest  is  white,  and 
consists  of  numerous  sharjdy-pointed  processes  ;  the 
petals  are  broad,  almost  rotund,  and  overlap  the 
sepals,  giving  to  the  flower  a  full  substantial  appear- 
ance. This  plant,  along  with  a  few  other  Dendro- 
biums,  was  brought  from  Thursday  Island,  one  of 
the  numerous  group  of  islets  existing  off*  the  west 
coast  of  New  Guinea,  not  large  enough  to  be  repre- 
sented on  tlie  map.  I  fear  thei'e  are  not  many  who 
can  boast  of  continued  success  with  this  Dendrobium. 
Like  many  of  its  allies  from  New  Guinea  and  Aus- 
tralia, such  as  D.  Johannis  and  EitzAlanii,  it  does 
well  so  long  as  it  has  its  imported  material  to  draw 
upon,  but  after  that  is  exliausted  its  decay  is  rapid. 
The  fault  lies  in  our  fogs  and  leaden-coloured  skies, 
and  for  this  reason  it  should  receive  at  all  times  the 
maximum  of  light  and  sunshine,  a  situation  where 


39^ 


THE    GABr)'BNEIiS'     CtlliONICLE. 


[<_»(.  robEE  1,  1887. 


no  shading  of  any  description  is  used  being  prefer- 
able. D.  Plialffinopsis,  whicli  is  nearly  related  to 
tlic  above,  is  mitch  more  amenable  to  cultivation, 
not  only  being  grown,  but  propagated  with  ease.  In 
the  Orchid  Growers'  Manual  it  is  said  to  produce  its 
flowers  in  April — is  not  this  a  mistake  ?  With  us, 
at  any  rate,  it  always  flowers  in  the  autumn. 

POLYSTACUYA    OttOSIAXA. 

There  is  probably  no  genus  amongst  Orcliids  that 
enjoys  such  a  wide  distribution  as  Folystachya ; 
during  the  last  few  years  I  have  cultivated  some  five 
or  si.\  species,  plants  of  which  have  arrived  from  such 
widely  separate  regions  as  Ceylon,  South  Africa,  and 
South  America.  It  is  true  that  of  the  forty  species 
described  but  very  few  are  worth  the  space  they 
occupy — indeed,  but  one  species,  P.  pubescens,  has  been 
thought  to  merit  observation  in  the  Orchid  Growers' 
Manual.  There  is,  however,  a  ])lant  now  blooming 
at  Kew  wliose  flowers  are  superior  in  every  way  to 
those  of  P.  pubescens ;  it  is  named  P.  Ottoniana,and  was 
collected  by  Mr.  Watson,  of  Kew,  during  his  recent 
st.iy  at  the  Cape  and  brought  home  by  him.  The  pseu- 
dobulbs  are  spherical,  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter 
and  thickly  clustered,  bearing  two  or  three  narrow 
leaves  varying  from  3  to  6  inches  in  length,  from 
between  which  the  one  or  two-flowered  scape  is  pro- 
duced. The  whole  front  of  the  flower  is  of  a  pure 
glistening  white,  with  the  exception  of  a  yellow 
blotch  on  the  lip  ;  on  the  back  of  each  sepal  and 
petal  there  is  a  streak  of  bright  rose.  The  flower  is 
large  for  the  genus— measuring  an  inch  in  diameter, 
and  has  a  delicate  Violet-like  fragrance.  Mr. 
A\'at5on  found  plants  growing  on  trunks  ot  Podo- 
carpus  and  on  rocks  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
Colony.  It  requires  intermediate  temperature  with 
moderate  shading  and  a  decided  period  of  rest.  P. 
grandiflora  is  a  rare  and  very  distinct  species,  the 
finest  of  the  genus.  It  was  introduced  from  Sierra 
Leone  in  1S.'!S,  and  is  figured  in  the  Botanical  Maga- 
zine, pi.  3707  ;  the  plant  figured  there,  however,  has 
one  flower  only  terminating  each  raceme  and  appears 
to  have  been  small,  for  a  ]iiant  at  Kew  now  showing 
flower  promises  three.  This  species  may  be  grown  in 
the  cool-house  during  summer,  but  must  be  removed 
to  warmer  quarters  in  autumn.  I  remember  a  plant 
nearly  being  lost  by  being  kept  too  cool  in  winter. 
P.  pubescens,  an  insignificant  plant  with  racemes,  of 
green  flowers,  is  also  in  bloom.  As  in  the  other 
members  of  this  genus,  the  lip  is  uppermost.   W.  B. 

DENDROBinjI    .lIACrOPHYLLnjI. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  species  in  the  genus. 
The  pedicels  and  sepals  are  densely  covered  with  stiff 
bristles,  giving  the  plant  that  peculiar  appearance  so 
well  described  by  Lindley  when  he  said  the  plant  bore 
upright  racemes  of  large  mossy  flowers,  nearly 
2  inches  in  diameter.  These  flowers  are  not  of  a 
brilliant  colour,  but  it  is  just  this  which  enhances 
the  peculiar  effect.  Why  they  should  be  greenish- 
yellow  and  covered  with  moss-like  bristles  it  is 
difficult  to  say,  though  there  must  be  some  utility  in 
the  arrangement.  It  is  a  native  of  Java,  and  was 
originally  introduced  by  Lobb  for  the  Messrs.  Veitch. 
It  is  the  original  D.  macrophyllum  described  by 
A.  Richard,  and  should  not  be  confounded  with 
Lindley 's  plant  of  the  same  name,  which  is  D. 
Superbum.  H.  A.  R. 

IIyTJRID    CVPRIPEDIUM. 

Mr.  T.  W.  Thornton,  Brockhall,  Weedon,  has 
brought  under  our  notice  a  hybrid  Cj^pripedium 
raised  by  C.  insigne  out  of  C.  superbiens  Veitchii. 
The  leaves  are  spotted ;  the  flowers  about  oh  inches 
across,  with  the  upper  se])al  with  a  broad  white  tip, 
like  that  of  C.  insigne,  while  the  lateral  petals  have 
a  dull  rose  flush,  with  a  few  hairs  on  the  margins. 
The  lip  is  a  dull  purplish-olive;  the  staminode 
roundish,  yellow,  with  a  shallow  notch  at  the  top 
and  a  deeper  division  below.  There  is  a  certain 
delicacy  and  refinement  of  colour  about  this  hybrid 
which  will  commend  it  to  many.  It  is  very  like  one 
recently  obtained  at  a  high  price  by  Messrs.  Veitch, 
and  now  in  flower  in  their  collection. 

Ccr.T.OGVNE  CniSTATA. 
Calling  on  Mr.  G.  Stevenson,  of  Timperley, 
Altrlncham.  a  few  evenings  since,  I  was  much 
pliiw  d  to  find  many  beautiful  jilants  of  this  Orchid. 
In  a  flat-roofed  house,  with  a  due  north  aspect,  there 
are  about  ."WJ  plants,  varying  in  size  from  8  inches 


to  2.}  and  ."  feet  in  diameter,  and  in  the  most  robust 
health.  This  Orchid  is  unusually  well  cultivated  in 
and  around  Manchester;  but  I  have  never  seen  it 
better  done  than  at  Timperley.  The  gardener  has 
also  obtained  a  variegated  form  of  it.  Tliis  sport 
.appeared  some  seven  years  ago  on  one  of  the  large 
])lants,  where  it  remained  for  some  considerable 
time,  but  was  removed  after  a  time,  and  is  now  a 
well-established  plant  with  seven  new  bulbs.  Each 
leaf  is  evenly  variegated,  with  stripes  running  the 
entire  length  of  the  leaf,  not  unlike  Pandanus 
Veitchii.  I  think  the  above  is  of  rare  occurrence, 
and  do  not  remember  to  have  heard  of  its  occurrence 
before.  Bowdon. 


DIMORPHOTHECA  FRUTICOSA. 

This  is  a  really  desirable  addition  to  our  collec- 
tions of  white  Composites,  brought  home  by  Mr. 
Watson  from  the  Cape  when  there  last  year.  The 
large  plant  in  the  rockery  at  Kew  seems  to  be  in 
too  rich  soil,  and  is  yielding  an  abundance  of  fleshy 
leaves  instead  of  flowers.  Mr.  Watson  informs  us, 
however,  that,  grown  in  rather  dry  sandy  soil,  the 
yield  of  flowers  is  very  remarkable,  and  almost  hides 
the  leaves  altogether.  It  is  apparently  perennial, 
but  of  course  it  will  not  be  hardy  in  tlie  open  air, 
though  I  daresay  it  can  be  perpetuated  by  cuttings  if 
the  seeds  refuse  to  ripen  this  year.  The  flowers  are 
as  large  as  either  D.  pluvialis  or  D.  hybrida,  pure 
ivory-white  above  and  smoke-colourtd  underneath. 
Hebenstreitia  tenuifolia  is  another  good  Cape  plant, 
brought  home  at  the  same  time.  It  is,  no  doubt,  in 
cultivation,  though  we  have  not  seen  it  for  some  time 
now.  An  annual,  producing  numerous  long  spikes 
ol  white  flowers,  having  spots  or  diflerent  shades  of 
orange  on  the  throat.  It  seems  to  ripen  seed  freely, 
and  will,  no  doubt,  become  once  more  a  common 
plant  in  gardens.  B. 


FERNS  AND  THEIR  CULTIVA- 
TIOX.* 

After  alluding  to  the  construction  of  Fenis,  and 
to  the  wholesale  destruction  going  on  in  our  ^voods, 
Mr.  Birkenhead  proceeded  to  make  some  remarks  on 
the  cultivation  of  these  plants.  Howmany  natur.il  dells 
and  ravines  there  are  which  might  be  made  into  places 
of  delightful  resort  by  the  outlay  of  a  little  Labour,  and 
the  addition  of  specimens  and  clumps  of  our  native 
Perns  suitably  placed  ;  where  winding  w.alks  bordered 
by  upraised  irregular  terraces,  and  sunken  depres- 
sions, with  rocky  projections  and  shady  recesses, 
judiciously  planted  with  our  favourites,  would  in- 
deed call  forth  expressions  of  admiration  from  those 
who  delight  in  such  haunts.  And  if  over  all  this  a 
roof  could  be  placed  and  the  ends  blocked  up  with 
masses  of  rock  covered  with  creepers ;  or  with  clumjis 
of  shrubs  or  trees,  what  a  splendid  array  of  grace  and 
beauty  could  be  secured,  by  adding  the  hardy  exotics 
to  the  abundant  beautiful  forms  of  our  British 
Ferns,  such  as  the  tasselled  Athyriums  and  crested 
Scolopendriums,  producing  a  veritable  paradise  or 
garden  of  delights.  And  what  higher  form  of 
gardening  could  be  conceived  of  than  the  imita- 
tion of  Nature  in  such  an  aspect.  We  need  not 
wonder  at  the  increasing  taste  for  rock-built  and 
glass-covered  ferneries  in  gardens  where  njitural 
ravines  are  not  found  ready  to  hand,  nor  need  we  be 
surprised  at  the  large  expense  many  gentlemen  are 
willing  to  incur  with  the  object  of  securing  such  a 
fairy  retreat  for  the  occupants  of  their  homes  and 
the  delectation  of  their  visitors.  I  must  here  give 
expression  to  my  regret  that  often  these  very  places 
intended  for  refreshment  of  mind  fail  to  afford 
the  pleasure  they  might  be  made  to  give,  through 
the  injudicious  arrangement  of  the  rockwork  in 
the  interior.  I  refer  to  the  too  lavish  use  of 
arches  and  masses  of  overhanging  rock,  which  pre- 
vent the  light  reaching  the  lower  parts  of  the  fernery 
in  sufticient  measure  for  the  wellbeiiig  of  the  plants 

"  A  lectur.-  (jiwii  licforc  t1u>  momberi  n!  tli»  ArnnclipstOT 
Horticnllturul  Imiiroveniciit  Socielv,  liv  :vtr,  W.  nirkcnhciKl 
Of  Snk-,  ■       ■ 


there  situated,  the  inevitable  result  of  which  is  that 
they  dwindle  away  and  die,  leaving  bare  those  parts 
which  ought  to  be  most  amply  furnished  with  verdure 
because  of  being  below  the  eye  of  the  spectator. 
Now  my  impression  is  that  the  foliage  in  the  lower 
parts  ought  to  be  quite  as  luxuriant  as  that  above, 
and  that  luxuriance  ought  to  reach  down  to  the  very 
margins  of  the  paths.  This  happy  effect  can  only  be 
ensured  by  arranging  for  an  abundance  of  [diffu.sed] 
light  to  find  its  way  to  the  lowest  parts  of  the  fernerj'. 

Construction  of  Fernery. 
My  ideal,  therefore,  would  be  an  arrangement  of 
irregular  terraces  rising  in  varied  steps  upward  and 
outward  from  winding  paths  to  the  base  of  the  glass 
roof,  the  contour  of  the  whole  series  of  terraces  repre- 
senting an  angle  of  40"  to  50°,  so  that  the  light  might 
flow  strongly  to  the  very  lowest  parts  of  the  fernery. 
Sufficient  shade  would  still  be  found  below  the  larger 
Ferns  for  those  requiring  a  greater  depth  ot  gloom, 
and  I  would  here  observe  that  although  Ferns  gene- 
rally cannot  abide  scorching  sunshine  yet  a  large 
.amount  of  light  is  necessary  for  their  perfect  deve- 
lopment, and  in  the  winter  months  all  we  can  get  of 
this  agent  is  less  than  enough  for  the  wellbeing  of 
evergreen  tropical  species.  Seeing,  then,  that  a 
heated  fernery  is  for  pleasure  in  winter  as  well  as  in 
summer,  care  should  be  taken  to  provide  for  plenty 
of  light  at  all  setisons,  simply  shading  in  summer  to 
prevent  scorching,  and  taking  caie  in  winter  to 
keep  the  glass  thoroughly  cleansed  from  soot 
and  dirt  that  no  obstruction  to  light  be  caused 
by  their  presence,  for  light  is  one  of  the  great 
essentials  to  the  growth  of  vegetation.  Then 
with  regard  to  the  terriices  or  pockets,  they 
should  be  so  built  as  to  admit  of  a  large  body  of 
compost  for  the  use  o':  the  plants,  and  be  well  drained 
to  allow  all  surplus  water  to  escape  easily.  The 
compost  itself  should  be  rough  rather  thiin  other- 
wise, containing  a  good  proportion  of  broken  pieces  of 
peat  and  loam  as  large  as  a  Walnut  or  an  egg,  with 
rough  leaf-mould  and  sand — small  nodules  of  char- 
coal and  stone  being  valuable  additions.  If  peat, 
loam,  and  leaf-mould  are  used  in  about  equal  pro- 
])ortions  with  a  liberal  addition  of  sand,  charcoal, 
and  stone,  a  good  compost  is  obtained  suitable  for 
general  Fern  culture.  For  Ferns  in  small  pots  of 
coarse  smaller  pieces  must  needs  be  used  ;  but  even 
then  the  compost  ought  not  to  be  too  fine  in  texture, 
sufficiently  coarse  to  allow  water  to  pass  readily 
through  it. 

Plan'tixg. 
Now  for  a  word  about  planting  the  Ferns. 
An  excellent  effect  is  produced  by  planting  a 
number  of  one  species  or  viiriety  in  a  mass,  and 
next  to  it  a  mass  of  a  different  kind,  distinct  in 
form  or  colour,  so  as  to  create  a  contrast,  by  which 
the  beauty  of  each  variety  is  greatly  enhanced,  and 
made  conspicuous.  Large  growing  Ferns  of  course 
should  be  placed  singly  to  stand  up  above  the  others, 
and  to  show  off  their  individual  graces.  Care  should 
also  be  taken  to  secure  a  proper  balance  of  form  and 
colour  in  the  disposal  of  specimens  or  chimps. 

In  a  fernery  such  as  that  described  trickling  and 
running  water,  or  even  water  standing  in  irregular- 
shaped  pools,  is  a  great  improvement  to  the  general 
appearance,  as  is  also  the  addition  of  rough  blocks 
of  virgin  cork,  with  Ferns  secured  to  them  by  moss 
bound  on  with  copper  wire  and  suspended  from  the 
roof.  The  Davallias  especially  luxuriate  with  this 
treatment.  These  cork  blocks  are  also  valuable 
additions  to  ferneries  where  the  Ferns  are  grown 
in  pots  on  stages,  and  they  look  well  hanging  against 
the  w.alls  where  there  is  sufficient  bare  space  to 
admit  of  the  addition. 

Outdoor  Fernert. 
Passing  now  to  the  construction  of  an  outdoor 
fernery,  I  would  suggest  the  importance  of  having  a 
large  body  of  compost  connected  throughout,  if  pos- 
sible, and  also  having  a  broad  base  on  the  ground  to 
ensure  uniformity  of  moisture  and  to  prevent  the 
tendency  to  dry  up,  which  small  bodies  of  soil  are 
necessarily  liable  to  when  exposed  to  wind  or  sun. 
And  even  where  the  sun  never  reaches,  the  foliage  of 


OcTOBfiR    1,    1887.] 


THE    rjAJ?DENEBS'     CHUOKUCLE. 


399 


luxuriant  plants  is  continually,  dunng  daylight, 
throwing  off  moisture  drawn  by  the  roots  from  the 
soil,  so  that  it  is  important  to  secure  for  thorn  a  good 
and  steady  supply  in  the  soil  in  which  they  grow, 
otherwise  much  labour  is  involved  in  artificial  water- 
ing, or  else  the  plants  are  lost  for  want  of  it.  Wo 
must  not,  however,  fall  into  the  error  of  constructing 
our  rockery  without  ample  drainage,  but  should 
provide  for  the  passing  away  of  all  surplus  water. 
If  the  rockery  is  to  be  large,  a  hole  should  be  dug  in 
the  ground  some  depth,  and  filled  with  broken 
bricks,  crocks,  clinkers,  or  stone,  which  should  rise 
above  the  surface  of  the  ground  where  the  centre  or 
ridge  of  the  rockery  will  come.  This  heap  of  open 
material  should  then  be  covered  with  sods,  or  some 
rough  litter,  to  prevent  the  soil  working  into  it;  and 
then  the  process  of  building  may  be  commenced  ; 
the  same  order  being  observed  as  that  recommended 
for  an  indoor  rockery,  taking  care  to  make  it  as 
irregular  as  possible,  here  projecting,  there  receding, 
and  working  upwards  by  the  formation  of  terraced 
pockets.  The  stone  or  other  material  should  be  so 
placed  as  to  prevent  the  soil  washing  down  ;  and  the 
incline  of  the  soil  in  the  ten'aces  should  rather  be 
inwards  than  outwards,  so  that  tlie  rain  may  be 
caused  to  permeate  the  whole  body  of  compost,  and 
prevent  its  getting  dry  in  the  interior ;  and  to 
further  etFect  this  object,  there  should  be  a  large  pro- 
portion of  bog  or  peat,  or  other  moisture  holding 
substance  in  the  composition. 

If  there  is  abundance  of  room  and  material,  I 
would  say  dig  far  down  in  the  ground,  and  throw  up 
the  soil  to  form  miniature  mountains,  with  natural- 
looking  valleys  between  them,  and  use  the  stone  as 
before  directed,  making  the  paths  in  and  out,  and  up 
and  down — indeed  the  opposite  of  straight  or  level — 
and  let  the  irregular  stonework  begin  from  the  paths, 
and  work  upwards  in  terrace  pockets  as  before  said  ; 
and  when  judiciously  planted,  I  apprehend  the  effect 
would  be  most  enjoyable.  We  suppose,  of  course, 
that  shade  is  provided  by  trees  either  naturally  or 
artificially  placed  ;  but  in  all  artificial  work  I  would 
say,  take  care  that  tlie  appearance  is  as  though  no 
hand  had  been  near  it.  The  truest  art  in  this  kind 
of  work  is  found  in  that  which  looks  least  artificial. 
One  further  remark  may  be  made  as  to  the  fixing 
of  the  rock.  It  should,  in  all  cases,  be  made 
thoroughly  firm.  Commencing  at  the  front  with 
atone  slightly  embedded  in  the  earth,  and  rammed 
firmly  at  the  back,  the  stones  being  set  at  such 
angles,  where  possible,  as  to  cause  them  to  lock  into 
or  against  each  other,  according  to  shape.  Each 
tier  of  stone  should  have  its  foundation  rammed 
solid,  and  then  be  rammed  well  at  the  back  as 
the  soil  is  filled  in,  so  that  the  whole  may  be 
a  solid  structure,  not  to  be  moved  either  by  wind  or 
rain,  or  even  by  persons  climbing  over  it.  The  ram- 
ming of  the  soil  must  not  extend  further  than  neces- 
sary, but  room  must  be  left  in  the  pocket  for  plenty 
of  loose  soil  to  receive  the  roots  of  the  Ferns,  and 
for  them  to  grow  in.  To  prevent  the  soil  washing 
through  the  interstices  of  the  stone,  lumps  of  bog  or 
peat  may  be  used,  which  sen^e  well  to  hold  up  the 
compost  in  its  place,  and  also  as  a  good  material  for 
the  plants  to  root  in,  and  thus  to  make  a  firm  mass. 
This  packing  of  the  joints  of  the  stone  with  bog 
reminds  me  of  the  desirability  of  inserting  suitable 
Ferns  and  Ivies  or  other  trailing  plants  in  the  cre- 
vices as  the  work  goes  on,  for  they  greatly  improve 
the  appearance  of  the  work  when  they  take  kindly  to 
their  new  home,  and  grow  as  if  they  had  been  born 
there.  And  it  is  worthy  of  remark  how  well  they 
do,  and  how  snug  and  protected  they  look  when  their 
roots  are  hidden  away  behind  large  stones,  and  only 
their  beautiful  fronds  and  leaves  are  visible  in  front. 
Another  important  thing  to  be  observed  in  the  con- 
struction of  a  fernery,  as,  indeed,  I  think,  in  most 
kinds  of  gardening  where  effect  is  desired,  is  to  take 
care  to  avoid  repetition.  If  possible,  have  all  of  one 
kind  of  Fern  or  other  plant  in  one  mass,  or  in 
masses,  in  one  locality,  and  in  another  locality  some- 
thing quite  different  in  appearance,  so  that  at  every 
turn  something  fresh  may  present  itself  to  the  eye  of 
the  beholder.  If  possible,  block  out  the  range  of 
vision  at  intervals  by  trees  or  shrubs  or  rock,  so  that 


the  whole  cannot  possibly  be  seen  at  once,  but  rather 
that  curiosity  may  be  occasioned  by  turning  a  corner 
here  and  another  there  with  some  fresh  and  attrac- 
tive feature  peculiar  to  each  fresh  view.  This  is  the 
kiml  of  thing  to  give  pleasure  to  the  visitor,  and 
to  make  the  fernery  the  most  charming  part  of  the 
garden. 

As  to  the  arrangement  of  the  Ferns,  I  do  not 
think  I  need  add  much  to  that  already  noticed, 
except  to  advise  the  planting  of  the  largest  growers 
at  or  near  the  top  of  the  rockery  ;  for  if  large  grow- 
ing plants  are  placed  at  the  bottom  they  hide  much 
of  the  rockwork,  and  seem  to  dwarf  its  appearance. 
Still  it  is  necessary  to  secure  some  balance  even  in  this 
matter,  by  having  a  few  plants  of  medium  size  near 
the  bottom,  and  when  possible  on  the  projecting 
parts,  so  as  to  make  the  nooks  and  recesses  appear 
still  deeper.  To  put  a  largo  Fern  in  a  recess  would 
defeat  the  object  for  which  the  recess  was  made,  but 
to  bring  it  well  in  advance  of  the  recess  it  has  the 
opposite  and  therefore  desirable  effect  of  apparently 
increasing  the  irregularity  and  extent  of  the  work. 
Then  the  terrace  pockets,  about  3  or  3^  feet  above 
the  paths,  are  just  the  places  for  masses  of  small 
interesting  species  and  varieties,  which,  coming  near 
the  eye,  are  seen  to  great  advantage,  larger  kinds 
showing  themselves  best  at  greater  distances. 

Vauieties  for  Cultivation. 

As  to  the  species  and  varieties  of  Ferns  suitable 
for  outdoor  and  indoor  rockwork,  pot  culture,  and 
window  decoration,  their  name  is  legion,  and  I  will 
not  attempt  an  enumeration  of  them,  but  will  simply 
give  a  few  general  hints  which  may  be  of  use.  I  feel 
constrained  to  speak  of  the  ease  with  which  many 
Ferns,  even  the  lovely  Todea  superba,  may  be  culti- 
vated when  a  few  simple  conditions  are  observed. 
Remarking  upon  its  extreme  hardihood,  I  would 
observe  that  the  latter-named  may  be  seen  by  the 
score  in  splendid  health  and  vigour  in  our  range  of 
pits,  with  no  other  protection  from  the  weather  than 
the  glass  covering,  and  in  severe  frost  the  addition 
of  mats,  which,  however,  do  not  prevent  the  frost 
coating  them  over  with  a  hoaiy  garment,  and  some- 
times even  freezing  the  soil  so  hard  as  to  burst  pieces 
out  of  the  pots  ;  so  that  no  person  need  fear  an 
attempt  to  cultivate  this  charming  Fern.  Simply 
sink  it  in  a  hole  in  the  gi'ound,  cover  it  with  glass, 
and  subdue  the  light  in  summer  by  rather  dense 
shading,  and  its  prosperity  is  insured  if  it  is  planted 
in  a  lumpy  compost  of  loam,  leaf-mould,  and  peat, 
with  plenty  of  stone  and  good  drainage,  well  supplied 
with  water  at  the  roots,  and  frequently  sprinkled 
overhead  in  dry  weather. 

JIany  other  filmy  Ferns  are  equally  ea^sy  to  culti- 
vate, and  do  remarkably  well  in  Wardian  cases,  or 
under  bell-glasses,  in  a  bedroom  or  sitting-room 
window  on  which  the  sun  does  not  shine,  as  Filmy 
Ferns  require  little  or  no  ventilation ;  and  if  air  is 
admitted,  it  should  only  be  when  the  atmosphere  is 
saturated  with  moisture,  either  during.rain,  or  in  the 
night  when  the  dew  is  heavy. 

Very  different  is  the  treatment  required  by  such 
Ferns  as  the  Cheilanthes,  Pellreas,  Nothoclxnas,  and 
Woodsias,  most  of  which  require  abundance  of  light 
and  air,  and  which  should  be  grown  very  near  the  glass 
in  an  airy  situation,  protected  from  frost,  and  planted 
in  an  open  compost,  containing  bits  of  stone  or  other 
hard  material,  to  secure  an  easy  passage  for  the 
water,  which  latter  should  be  freely  applied  to  the 
roots  in  summer,  but  never  to  the  fronds.  Gymno- 
grammas  require  very  similar  attention,  with  the 
addition  of  considerable  artificial  heat  for  some  of 
the  tropical  kinds,  while  others  do  well  with  gi-een- 
house  temperature,  such  as  Gymnogrammas  triangu- 
laris, trifoliata,  hispida,  ochracea,  &c. 

In  conclusion,  a  word  of  warning  against  the  use 
of  peat  in  the  compost  for  Adiantum  Farleyense.  I 
am  persuaded  that  many  fail  to  grow  this  plant  suc- 
cessfully through  the  use  of  peat  in  the  soil.  I  find 
that  when  well  drained,  and  planted  in  good  strong 
loam,  made  open  and  porous  by  the  addition  of  leaf- 
mould  and  sand,  and  placed  well  up  to  the  light  in 
a  warm  house  it  will  grow  luxuriantly,  and  as  easily 
as  a  great  many  other  Ferns. 


GREENHOUSE    RHODODEN- 
DRONS. 

The  javanicum  group  of  Rhodoilcndrons  is  now 
finely  in  flower  in  the  nurseries  of  Messrs.  James 
Veitch  &  Sons,  in  tlie  King's  Road,  Chelsea.  During 
the  last  decade  many  hundreds  of  seedlings  have  been 
raised  from  the  best  selected  varieties  and  original 
species,  and  the  improvement  made  in  that  period  is 
truly  remarkable.  Although  this  grough  is  known 
as  the  javanicum  gi'oup,  other  original  species  have 
been  used,  both  as  seed  and  pollen-bearers.  The 
prevailing  colour  of  the  flowers  is  rose  of  various 
shades ;  these,  doubtless,  claim  jasminiflorum  as 
their  parent.  The  orange  coloured  varieties  are 
from  javanicum,  and  the  deep  crimson  or  scarlet 
forms  are  from  Lobbii,  until  recently  tlie  deepest 
coloured  species  known  to  English  gardens.  More 
recent  introductions  are  K.  Teysmani,  with  pure 
yellow  flowers,  having  the  mouth  of  the  corolla  re- 
flexed  ;  and  R.  Curtisii,  a  very  dwarf-habited 
variety,  with  small  leaves  and  rich  crimson-scarlet 
coloured  flowers. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  these  Rhododendrons 
are  cool  greenhouse  plants  like  the  Himalayan 
species.  They  are  originally  from  Borneo,  Java, 
and  JIalacca,  and  during  the  winter  months  or  when 
they  are  making  their  growtlis,  a  hothouse  tempera- 
ture is  necessary.  It  is  not  to  be  supposed  from 
this  that  the  plants  ai-e  tender,  for  I  have  kept  them 
all  through  the  winter  in  a  warm  greenhouse,  and 
they  have  not  only  made  their  growths  but  flowered 
fairly  well  under  those  conditions.  The  best  winter 
temperature  for  them  is  bb°  to  60°  as  a  minimum, 
and  when  the  plants  are  in  flower  tliey  may  be  placed 
in  a  greenhouse,  or  in  any  kind  of  show-house  where 
the  atmosphere  is  dry,  as  the  flowers  last  much 
longer  in  a  rather  cool  dry  atmosphere. 

The  cultural  requirements  of  Rhododendrons  are 
of  the  simplest  kind  ;  and  this  section  of  them  is 
more  easily  propagated  than  any  other.  They  strike 
from  cuttings  almost  as  easily  as  Verbenas,  and 
perhaps  the  best  way  is  to  plant  one  cutting  in  a 
small  pot.  The  best  to  use  for  this  purpose  are  those 
designated  "  long  Toms."  Good  peat  and  sand  in  equal 
proportions  are  the  best  materials  to  use  ;  and  the  best 
potting  soil  afterwards  is  fibrous  peat.  A  little  good 
yellow  loam  from  an  upland  pasture  added  to  it  is 
very  desirable,  as  it  is  of  a  more  lasting  character ;  a 
very  little  dried  powdered  cow-manure  may  be  added 
to  it.  A  moist  atmosphere  suits  the  plants  best  when 
they  are  in  growth.  The  original  species,  from  which 
these  garden  varieties  have  been  obtained,  have  small 
or  medinm-sixed  leaves  and  comparatively  slender 
growths,  but  the  seedlings  produced  through  many 
generations  of  cross-breeding  have  stout  growths 
and  large  leaves  of  great  substance,  resembling  quite 
as  much  the  R.  ponticura  seedlings  as  they  do  their 
original  parents.  Whether  this  vigorous  growth  has 
been  the  result  of  accident  or  design  I  am  unable  to 
say  ;  I  simply  record  the  fact.  The  most  vigorous 
amongst  them  is  a  seedling  variety,  flowered  for  the 
first  time  this  autumn.  It  may  claim  descent  from 
the  pretty  little  R.  jasminiflorum,  but  many  times 
removed,  as  it  is  as  unlike  that  variety  as  it  is  possible 
to  be.  The  flowers  are  of  large  size,  twelve  of  them 
produced  together  in  one  truss  ;  they  are  of  good 
form,  a  clear  pinkish-blush,  with  deeper  coloured 
stamens.  Its  immediate  parents  are  Princess  Alex- 
andra and  javanicum  ;  it  has  been  named  Aphrodite. 

Other  distinct  and  handsome  varieties  at  present 
in  flower  are ; — President,  buff,  with  salmon  tint  in 
the  margin  of  the  corolla;  the  stamens  are  crimson; 
indeed,  the  more  highly  coloured  stamens  on  the 
pa,ler  tinted  flowers  have  in  some  cases  quite  a  novel 
and  striking  effect.  Excelsior,  salmon-buff,  flowers 
large  and  of  good  form,  the  colour  deeper  at  the 
centre  ;  stamens  scarlet.  Gloria  Mundi  is  a  very 
striking  variety ;  it  produces  no  less  than  twenty 
flowers  on  a  truss,  of  a  reddish-salmon  colour.  It  is 
across  from  Princess Frederica and  javanicum.  One 
of  the  striking  varieties  is  jasminiflorum  carmina- 
tum  ;  it  has  deep  carmine  coloured  flowers,  and  is  a 
cross  between  jasminiflorum  and  javanicum.    It  is 


400 


THE     GAB  DENE  RS'     CHE  ON  I  CLE. 


[October  1,  1887. 


one  of  the  most  free  bloomers.  Another  javani- 
cum  cross  has  been  named  Indian  Yellow ;  it  is  a 
very  fine  variety,  remarkable  for  its  handsome  cup- 
sliaped  flowers.  Brilliant  has  rich  scarlet  coloured 
flowers,  produced  in  a  large,  handsome  truss.  It 
takes  its  rich  colour  from  Lobbii,  and  was  raised  by 
crossing  that  species  with  javanicum.  Princess 
Beatrice  is  a  very  pretty  rose-coloured  form,  with  a 
deeper  coloured  throat. 

The  yellow  Teysmanni  is  in  flower,  so  also  is 
Curtisii ;  its  small  and  distinct-looking  crimson- 
scarlet  flowers  are  very  attractive.  The  three 
double  flowered  varieties,  E.  balsaminiflorum,  and 
the  varieties  album  and  aureum  are  valuable  decora- 
tive plants,  producing  good  heads  of  quite  double 
flowers,  clear  rose,  white  and  yellow  coloured.  J,  I). 


Roses. 


GOOSEBERRIES. 

In  continuance  of  the  notes  on  Gooseberries  in 
our  last  issue  we  now  place  before  our  readers 
figures  (see  p.  401)  of  some  of  tlie  more  popular 
kinds  suitable  for  dessert,  but  without  by  any  means 
exhausting  the  list  of  these ;  indeed,  of  some  of  the 
best  varieties,  as  Early  Green  Hairy,  Glenton  Green, 
Green  Walnut,  Rumbullion,  Scotch  Nutmeg,  White- 
smith, and  Wilmot's  Early  Red,  we  are  unable  to 
give  owing  to  want  of  good  specimens. 

Warrington  (fig.  8G)  is  found  in  most  good  gardens, 
and  by  reason  of  its  excellent  flavour  and  keeping 
qualities  is  deservedly  popular.  The  fruit  is  dull  red 
in  colour,  small,  and  slightly  hairy.  Ironmonger  is 
also  a  small  berry,  dark  red  in  colour,  and  possesses 
a  brisk  fine  flavour.  Companion  is  a  large  berry,  red, 
richly  flavoured,  and  slightly  hairy.  Keen's  Seedling 
(fig.  85)  is  an  excellent  fruit,  as  good  of  its  kind  as 
the  Strawberry  of  the  same  name  ;  tlic  colour  is  red, 
and  the  skin  is  slightly  hairy.  Red  Champagne  is 
of  capital  flavour,  and  is  justly  esteemed  ;  it  has  a 
hairy  skin,  and  is  seldom  of  large  size.  Yellow 
Champagne  is  a  late  variety — a  good  companion  fruit 
to  the  Warrington  ;  its  flavour  is  very  nice,  and 
the  skin  is  smooth,  Catherine  is  a  somewhat  late 
variety,  of  fine  flavour,  and  is  of  a  bright  yellow 
colour ;  and  John  Anderson  (fig.  87)  is  a  full- 
flavoured,  large  red  fruit.  Brown  Girl  is  a  luscious 
brownish  yellow  berry,  of  large  size. 


Trees  and  Shrubs. 


VIBURNUM  OPULUS. 
YonK  correspondent,  in  speaking  of  the  above 
shrub  (p.  378),  thinks  it  rather  uncommon.  In  this 
locality  it  is  just  the  reverse,  as  it  is  very  common 
in  the  hedgerows,  and  also  forms  dense  undergrowth 
in  the  woods.  I  should  imagine  from  the  way  it 
crops  up  that  it  is  indigenous  to  chalk  soils,  and 
although  very  damp  here  in  the  winter  we  are  very 
dry  in  summer,  as  there  is  no  surface-water  on  the 
chalk  hills,  yet  1  have  never  seen  it  suffer  from 
drought.  The  berries  are  very  hiindsome  and  very 
plentiful  this  year,  but,  unlike  "  P.  G.,"  I  find  the 
birds  are  very  partial  to  them,  and  take  them  before 
they  are  really  ripe.  P.  Cornea;/,  Munfham.  [Tnily 
wild,  and  very  common  on  chalk  soils.     Ed.] 

Lauoe  Scotch  Fin. 
With  reference  to  the  trees  (Scotch  Firs),  the 
measurement  of  which  is  mentioned  in  the  Balloch- 
buie  Forest,  I  would  state  that  in  the  garden  of  a 
house  which  1  occupy  here  there  is  a  Scotch  Fir 
which  I  have  this  day  measured  fairly,  not  following 
indentations  in  the  trunk.  It  measures  : — At  the 
ground,  16  feet  6  inches;  at  1  foot  from  ground, 
14  feet  .3  inches ;  at  2  feet,  13  feet ;  at  5  feet, 
11  feet  10  inches.  So  that  at  1  foot  from  the  ground 
it  is  only  7  inches  smaller  than  the  Ballochbuie 
trees,  and  at  5  feet  from  the  gi-ound  it  is  the  same 
size.  There  is  a  tree  in  the  park  at  Ilanworth,  near 
Cromer,  Norfolk,  which  is,  I  should  think,  as  large ; 
but  1  fancy  there  are  very  few  so  large  out  of  Scot- 
land or  even  in  it.  J.  A.  Hardaastlt,  Seamintter, 
Dorset. 


THE  ROSE  SHOWS  OF  1887. 

Whatever  some  purists  may  say  about  flower 
shows,  and  however  much  they  may  decry  them  as 
not  consistent  with  the  genuine  pursuit  of  horticul- 
ture, a  long  experience  of  all  parts  of  the  country 
convinces  me  more  than  ever  that  just  in  proportion 
as  they  are  encouraged  so  does  horticulture  flourish. 
It  may  be  very  sad,  and  indicate  a  low  state  of 
proper  feeling,  but  the  fact  remains.  The  stimulus 
created  by  competition — the  healthy,  or,  as  some 
would  say,  the  unhealthy  desire  to  excel  and  to  beat 
one's  neighbours — does  tend  to  the  encouragement  of 
the  pursuit.  1  think  this  may  be  well  illustrated  by 
the  state  of  horticulture  in  two  counties  with  which 
I  am  well  acquainted — my  own  county  of  Kent,  and 
Somersetshire.  With  the  exception  of  one  show — 
Tunbridge  Wells  —  we  have  not  in  the  county  a 
single  exhibition  of  .any  pretensions  ;  and  even  Tun- 
bridge Wells  falls  far  short  of  the  western  county. 
While  in  Somersetshire  there  are  such  exhibi- 
tions as  Taunton,  where  upwards  of  £250  is  awarded 
in  prizes ;  Weston-super-Mare,  and  especially  Bath, 
whicli  annually  expends  £700  in  prizes,  and 
with  what  results?  Horticulture  flourishes  in 
the  West  and  languishes  in  the  South-east.  If  a 
friend  comes  to  see  me  who  is  interested  in  garden- 
ing, there  is  not  a  single  place  within  many  miles  of 
me  that  I  can  take  him  to  see  as  containing  any- 
thing of  excellence,  while  in  Somersetshire  .such 
places  are  to  be  found  everywhere.  The  same,  1 
think,  holds  good  with  regard  to  any  special  flower, 
such  as  the  Rose.  Rose  societies  have  a  "  struggle 
for  existence  "  in  our  home  county,  while  in  the 
West  they  flourish;  and,  assuredly,  the  experience 
of  the  National  Rose  Society  goes  far  to  prove  the 
fact,  that  in  proportion  as  exhibitions  for  any  special 
flower  are  organised  and  kept  up,  so  will  the  culture 
of  that  flower  be  extended.  The  two  most  populiir 
flowers  of  the  present  day  are  the  Rose  and  Chry- 
santhemum, and  who  will  deny  that  the  multiplica- 
tion of  exhibitions  has  tended  to  tliat  popularity — 
one  which  even  the  late  unpropitious  season  has  in 
no  way  tended  to  diminish  ? 

I  have  used  the  term  unpropitious,  for  although  it 
has  been  a  lovely  summer,  yet  all  gardeners  know 
what  a  trying  one  it  has  been,  and  probably  no  gar- 
deners have  felt  this  so  much  as  the  Rose  gardener  ;  to 
him  it  has  been  a  terrible  time.  He  had  hoped  much 
— hoped  to  reap  the  reward  of  months  of  patient 
waiting  and  toil,  and  then  came,  not  "  the  chilling 
frost,"  but  the  hot  burning  sun  to  frizzle  liis  dark 
Roses,  to  take  t!ie  substance  out  of  his  light  ones, 
and  to  diminish  the  size  of  all  his  flowers ;  hence  in 
writing  of  the  Rose  shows  of  the  past  year  one  has  to 
tell  of  experiences  not  quite  couleur  de  Sose. 

I  think  that  the  universal  verdict  passed  on  the 
Rose  shows  of  the  past  season  is,  that  while  they 
bore  witness  to  the  indefatigable  zeal  of  rosarians, 
especially  amateurs,  they  were  yet  inferior  both  in 
extent  and  in  quality  to  most  of  those  which  have 
preceded  them — in  extent  I  think,  for,  taking  those 
with  which  I  am  acquainted,  there  was,  especially 
in  the  smaller  classes,  a  falling  off  in  numbers. 
Looking  at  the  National  shows,  whether  metropolitan 
or  provincial,  that  at  South  Kensington  was,  I  think, 
equal  in  extent  to  any  which  have  preceded 
it ;  it  not  only  filled  the  conservatory,  but 
overflowed  into  one  of  the  arcades,  completely  filling 
it,  and  in  none  of  the  classes  were  there  unclaimed 
prizes.  In  Edinburgh,  although  the  great  dis- 
tance from  most  of  our  Southern  growers,  and  the 
intense  heat  (which  tells  severely  on  cut  Roses  shut 
up  in  a  railway  van)  gave  the  Northern  growers  an 
advantage,  yet  a  large  exhibition  was  tlie  result,  and 
our  friends  in  the  Northern  capital  were  greatly 
delighted  with  the  extent  and,  considering  all  things, 
the  excellence  of  the  exhibition.  In  many  of  the 
provincial  shows  the  intense  heat  militated  sorely 
against  tliem ;  thus,  at  Wirral  not  a  single  Southern 
nurseryman  entered  the  lists,  although  desirous  to 
do  80 ;  and,  indeed,  many  of  them  had  entered  in  the 


hope — alas!  a  vain  one — that  they  might  be  able  to 
put  in  an  appearance  ;  while,  again,  at  Helensburgh 
no  medal  was  awarded  for  the  best  Tea,  for  there  was 
not  one  worthy  ot  it. 

The  weather,  which  had  to  do  so  much  with  the 
quantity  of  the  flowers  exhibited,  told  equally  on 
their  quality.  There  was  towards  the  middle  of 
June  a  fair  promise  of  good  flowers ;  the  buds  were 
large  and  promised  well ;  all  that  was  wanted  was  a 
good  moderately  warm  June  to  enable  them  gradu- 
.ally  to  unfold  their  charms;  but  when  that 
tremendously  hot  weather  burst  in  upon  us,  the 
result  was  disastrous.  Shading  will,  of  course,  to 
some  extent  preserve  the  colour  of  the  flowers, 
but  it  will  not  prevent  their  coming  rapidly  into 
bloom,  and  thus  making  the  flowers  thin  and  small 
— in  fact,  under  size  was  the  general  condition  of  the 
blooms. 

The  question  is  sometimes  asked,  Are  these  Roses 
now  exhibited,  which  gain  trophies,  medals,  &c., 
equal  to  those  which  gained  somewhat  similar 
honours  in  former  years  ?  This  is  difficult  to 
answer ;  bnt  if  it  is  answered  in  the  negative,  the 
fact  of  the  altered  character  of  the  seasons  we  have 
had  of  late  years  must  be  taken  into  account.  This 
is  stoutly  denied  by  some  ;  but  I  remember  well  when 
about  June  26  used  to  be  considered  a  good  dale 
for  the  Crystal  Palace  show.  What  sort  of  an 
exhibition  could  there  be  at  that  date  if  held  now  ? 
And  I  cannot  but  think  tliat  when  we  consider  the 
fine  new  varieties  raised  since  then,  we  should  have 
in  a  normal  season  boxes  of  flowers  superior  to  those 
of  the  Baker-Jowett  period. 

But  there  is  one  class  of  Roses  about  which  there 
can  be  no  question — I  mean  the  Teas  and  Noisettes. 
That  they  h.ave  made  .an  advance  altogether  un- 
locked for  in  these  days  is  clear  to  every  one,  and 
nothing,  I  think,  was  more  remarkable  during  the 
whole  season  than  the  manner  in  which  these  flowers 
came  to  the  front.  The  season  did  not  tell  upon 
them  as  it  did  on  the  hybrid  perpetuals,  and  although, 
perhaps,  they  were  not  quite  equal  to  those  of  last 
year,  yet  they  were  a  show  in  themselves.  The  same 
held  good  at  the  provincial  exhibitions.  Growers 
who  used  to  be  content  with  having  a  few  of  them 
amongst  their  hybrids  now  venture  into  the  Tea  and 
Noisette  division.  This  has  arisen  from  the  fact 
that  it  has  been  discovered  that  Teas  are  in  many 
parts  of  England  as  easily  cultivated  as  hybrid  per- 
petuals. (This  is,  however,  not  the  case  in  the  North, 
where  they  cannot  be  successfully  attempted  without 
the  protection  of  glass.  I  thought  otherwise,  and 
persuaded  a  friend  in  Cheshire  to  try ;  this  he  did, 
on  a  raised  bed  in  a  very  sheltered  position,  but  he 
failed  to  secure  any  really  good  blooms.)  It  has  thus 
been  remarkable  to  what  an  extent  of  favour  these 
beautiful  classes  have  attained — to  which,  indeed, 
their  many  qualities  fully  entitle  them. 

Another  feature  of  many  of  our  Rose  shows 
has  been  the  introduction  of  classes  for  garden 
Roses,  thus  bringing  to  the  front  many  old  favourites 
together  witli  many  new  ones  which  partake  of  this 
character ;  the  National  Rose  Society  has  done  its 
best  to  encourage  this,  and  had  in  the  past  season 
excluded  all  hybrid  perpetuals;  in  future  it  will  be 
necessary  to  exclude  all  Teas,  so  as  to  get  the  truly 
decorative  Roses,  which  are  not  included  amongst 
these — whether  single  or  double.  Many  people 
indeed  imagine  that  garden  Roses  are  to  be  a  joy  for 
ever,  forgetting  that  their  season  is  .a  brief  one,  and 
that  if  we  really  want  good  blooms  later  on  we  must 
go  in  for  Teas.  This  season  has  given  still  further 
proof  that  the  cry  for  autumn  Rose  shows  is  a 
hollow  one.  I  have  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing 
Roses  exhibited  by  some  of  our  best  growers  — 
professional  and  amateur — during  the  latter  part 
of  August  and  the  early  part  of  September,  and 
although  some  good  blooms  might  be  seen, 
especially  amongst  Teas,  yet  a  great  many  were 
so  utterly  out  of  character  that  they  might  be  any- 
thing, and  the  stand  which  gained  a  1st  prize  in 
August  would  certainly  not  be  placed  in  July.  They 
bear  as  much  relation  to  the  fine  Roses  of  the  true 
time  of  Roses  as  the  miserable  shreds  of  forced  Aspa- 


October  1,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEFS'     CHIiONICLE. 


401 


ragus  do  to  the  product  of  the  beds  in  their  proper 
season. 

I  shall  have  something  to  say  in  another  paper  on 
the  new  Roses  of  the  year.  Wild  Host.; 

EosE  Budding  in  Septemdeb. 
The  long  drought  has  thrown  many  garden  opera- 
tions out  of  time  and  out  of  form  this  year.  Probably 
Potatos,  green  Peas,  summer  Turnips  and  Roses 
have  sufiered  the  most — though  rosarians  will,  it  is 
to  be  hoped,  pardon  for  once  the  intensely  vegetarian 
company  in  which  their  favourites  are  placed.  Green 
Peas,  Potatos,  Turnips — faugh  !— how  they  smack  of 
the  kitchen,  while  Roses  are  so  ethereal  and  sweet, 
don't  you  know  !  Oh  !  yes  :  and  hence  we  will  pro- 
ceed to  write  of  the  budding  of  Roses  in  September. 
Why  ?  Simply  because  necessity  is  not  only  the 
mother  of  invention,  but  in  many  gardens  this  year 
has  become  an  iron  law,  hard  and  unalterable  as  fate 
— the  fate  in  this  case  beingthe  hard  constricted  con- 
dition of  bark  and  buds.  The  heat  and  dryness  of 
the  long  drought  had  immovably  fixed  bark  and 
buds  alike,  and  hence  it  was  impossible  to  transfer 
the  latter  into  the  former.  There  was  a  third  dif- 
ficulty— the  budding  at  the  normal  time,  June  or  July ; 
in  many  localities  the  buds  were  not  sufficiently 
developed  either  to  be  transferred  or  lead  an  inde- 
pendent life  as  foster-mothers  (stocks).  One  might 
have  expected  that  the  rainless  dewless  drought  of 
nearly  twelve  weeks  that  concentrated  our  blooming 


centage  have  broken  into  growth,  and  a  goodly 
number  are  not  yet  sufliciently  plump  for  budding. 
Hence  it  follows  that,  had  the  bark  of  stocks  run 
freely  at  the  normal  time,  the  buds  being  in  a  trans- 
ferable condition,  they  were  not  sufficiently  developed 
to  have  been  transferred  into  the  stocks  witli  reason- 
able prospects  of  success.  And  thus  it  has  come 
about  that  the  budding  season  this  year  was  delayed 
till  August  and  September. 

The  mode  of  procedure  and  the  chance  of  success 
at  this  late  season  depend  very  much  on  the  same 
conditions  as  at  other  seasons.  The  time  for  effect- 
ing a  perfect  union  between  the  bud  and  stock,  and 
for  healing  the  wounds  made,  is,  however,  much 
shorter  than  usual ;  more  skill  and  care  should  be 


WABRINGTOX. 


RED  CHAMPAOXE. 


begin  on  the  heels  of  the  knife,  always  important  to 
a  full  meed  of  success,  are  abnormally  so  in  budding 
so  late  as  the  end  of  September.  Buds  of  medium 
size  not  only  take  sooner,  but  form  a  surer,  sounder 
union,  and  keep  longer  and  more  completely  dor- 
mant than  those  of  dift'erent  ch.araoter.  The  last  is 
of  equal  or  more  importance  than  either  or  both  the 
others,  for  it  is  a  small  matter  to  have  a  perfect 
union  effected  if  the  bud  forthwith  breaks  into  leaf- 
age and  shootlets  to  form  food  for  the  first  frosts  of 
winter.  Hence,  to  keep  the  buds  dormant  is  as 
necessary  to  final  complete  success  in  late  budding  as 
the  securing  of  a  sound  union.  And  although  soils, 
sites  and  seasons  greatly  affect  the  autumnal 
repose  and  winter's  sleep  of  Rose  or  other 
buds,  yet  it  is  also  true  that  the  rosarian  may  do  much 
to  help  or  hinder  their  sound  resting  by  his  skill,  or 
otherwise,  in  the  selection  of  buds.  This  selection 
of  the  best  buds  is  important  at  all  seasons,  but 
specially  so  when,  through  long  spells  of  drought  or 
other  causes,  we  are  compelled  to  bud  so  late  as  this 
season.  For  the  more  soundly  these  late  buds  can 
sleep  throughout  the  winter,  and  the  longer  they 
remain  dormant  in  the  spring,  the  stronger  they  will 
break  into  vigorous  shoots,  and  the  more  brilliant 
and  beautiful  shall  be  their  maiden  blooms  next 
June.  Hosa, 


Fig.  85.— keen's  seedling 


COMPAXIOX. 


IROXMOXGEB. 


FlO.   67.— JcJHX    iXDERSOX. 


season  into  something  like  a  fortnight,  clearing  off 
our  Roses  with  a  rush,  would  also  have  plumped  up 
the  buds  into  budding  condition  ;  but  it  did  not. 
And  one  of  the  most  unexpected  and  inscrutable  re- 
sults of  the  long  drought  was  the  holding  of  Rose- 
buds in  slain  quo  for  weeks,  I  had  almost  written 
months. 

If  any  one  is  disposed  to  question  this  statement, 
the  series  of  facts,  plentiful  as  Blackberries,  in  my 
Rose  garden  may  be  mustered  in  any  number  to 
support  it :  this  one  is  negative,  the  other  positive. 
Never  was  there  an  autumntide  with  so  few  Roses 
in  beds  or  borders  as  this  of  1887.  Even  Teas  are  less 
floriferous  than  usual,  while  as  for  hybrid  perpetuals 
the  fingers  of  one  hand  will  suffice  to  enumerate 
those  that  are  blooming  with  anything  like  their 
normal  freedom.  The  majority  of  them  are  wholly 
flowerless  this  autumn.  Why  is  this  ?  The  drought, 
every  rosarian  will  answer.  Yes,  but  how  did  the 
drought  produce  this  flowerless  condition  ?  By  hold- 
ing the  growing  buds  as  in  an  arid  vice  for  weeks 
when  they  ought  to  have  been  plumping  up  to  bud- 
ding condition,  or  even  breaking  point.  It  might 
have  been  expected  that  the  extreme  heat  would 
have  facilitated  the  swelling  of  the  buds  and  even 
hastened  their  breaking  into  flowering  shoots ;  but 
it  did  not,  and  hence  the  scarcity  of  bloom  this 
autumntide.  Even  now,  the  22nd  of  September, 
the  Rose  buds  are  only  breaking  into  shootlets,  as  they 
usually  do  towards  the  end  of  June  or  early  in  July. 
This  brings  us  to  our  second  and  more  positive  proof 
of  the  absolute  impossibility  of  budding  at  the  usual 
time.  This  is  found  in  the  present  condition  of 
most  of  the  buds ;  at  this  late  season  a  very  small  per- 


\, 


^' 


Fig.  88.— brown  girl. 


YELLOW  CHAMPAGNF 


exercised  in  regard  to  the  whole  matter  than  usual. 
For  example,  buds  of  medium  size  and  semi- 
maturity  are  to  be  preferred  to  larger  and  more 
plump  or  ripe  ones.  These  buds  can  be  inserted  in 
smaller  slits  in  the  bark,  and  are  in  less  danger  of 
breaking  into  leaflets  before  winter  than  larger  and 
more  mature  ones.  Attention  to  both  these  points 
is  vital  to  the  success  of  such  late  budding.  With 
the  utmost  care  and  skill  in  the  manipulation  of 
bud  and  scion,  the  growing  season  that  remains  to 
us  is  almost  too  short  for  eft'ecting  a  perfect  union 
and  for  healing  the  wounds  necessarily  made  in  the 
insertion  of  the  buds.  Unless  all  this  is  accom- 
plished before  the  winter  frosts  are  down  upon  our 
Roses,  perfect  success  in  effecting  a  sound  and  perfect 
union  becomes  very  problematical.  Neat  manipula- 
tion of  scion — that  is,  bud  and  stock— prompt  and 
secui-e  tying,  so   that  the  process  of  taking  should 


Culture. 

It  will  soon  be  time  to  place  indoors  Tea  Roses  in 
pots  for  winter  blooming.  See  to  the  drainage  of 
such,  and  remove  any  inert  soil  from  the  top  of  the 
pots,  replacing  it  with  good  loam  and  leaf-mould, 
with  a  dash  of  Thomson's  Vine  manure.  I  find  this 
is  stronger  this  year,  ami  requires  more  caution  in 
its  use.  I  have  applied  it  mi.xed  with  its  bulk  of  soot, 
about  a  4-inch  pot  of  the  mixture  to  a  12-inch  potful 
of  sand  ;  this  prevents  the  soot  and  manure  from 
getting  washed  over  the  pots  in  applying  water,  as 
is  sure  to  occur  when  applied  in  a  dry  state. 

Select  any  of  the  hybrid  perpetuals  in  pots 
which  are  showing  buds,  and  place  them  where  they 
can  have  a  little  protection  should  frost  threaten. 
The  Roses  planted  in  the  Rose-house  should  now  be 
induced  as  much  as  possible  to  go  to  rest  by  keeping 
the  sashes  closed  during  rain  and  by  giving  less 
water ;  but  if  the  weather  is  fine  the  house  should  be 
thrown  open  night  and  day.  There  remains  little 
more  than  six  weeks  now  in  which  to  ripen  the 
plants  before  the  season  for  pruning;  this  usually 
takes  place  early  in  November,  if  Roses  are  desired 
by  February  or  March.   IV.  M.  Balllie,  Luton  Hoo. 


HEDYCHIUMS.  —  Two  splendid  species  of  this 
genus  are  now  in  bloom  in  tlie  Lily-house  at  Kew — 
H.  coronarium,  with  pure  white  very  fragrant  flowers, 
and  H.  flavescens,  with  yellow  flowers.  It  is  not 
sufficiently  known  that  H.  Gardnerianum,  with  its 
noble  spikes  of  yellow  flowers,  is  almost  hardy.  The 
capsules,  with  the  scarlet  arils  surrounding  the  seeds, 
are  almost  as  beautiful  as  the  flowers. 


402 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CH  HON  I  CLE. 


[ncTOBER    1,    1887. 


GROUPING  HARDY  FLOWERING 

AND  FOLIAGED  PLANTS  FOR  EFFECT. 
Mb.  Jenkins'  valuable  and  interesting  paper  on 
the  above  subject,  in  response  to  your  editorial 
invitation  in  your  issue  of  September  10,  will 
materially  contribute  to  assist  those  who  are  en- 
deavouring to  carry  out  satisl'actorily  the  arrange- 
ment of  hardy  plants  in  a  pleasing  and  efl'ective 
manner.  The  suggestions  given  and  the  list  of  plants 
enumerated  will  be  most  useful  to  many  of  your 
readers. 

But  it  occurs  to  me,  that  in  your  editorial  remarks 
you  rather  intended  to  include  in  your  arrangements 
of  hardy  plants  those  capable  of  producing  masses  of 
bright  colour  as  substitutes  for  Pelargoniums  and 
other  half-hardy  plants  tliat  we  are  now  compelled 
to  grow  for  this  purpose  a  good  part  of  tlie  year 
under  glass. 

Grouped  together  in  the  way  suggested  by  Mr. 
Jenkins,  they  require  to  be  examined  closely,  or 
their  merits  and  beauty  will  not  be  appreciated  as 
they  deserve.  In  many  gardens,  both  public  and 
private,  there  are  jjositions  where  it  is  necessary 
and  desirable  that  masses  of  bright  colour  be  seen 
from  tlie  house  windows,  and  also  from  distant  parts 
of  the  garden,  and  when  it  is  not  always  possible  or 
convenient  to  approach  closely  to  them.  We  can- 
not over-estimate  the  pleasure  these  masses  of  beau- 
tiful flowers  give  in  our  public  gardens,  especially  to 
tourists,  who  can  only  get  a  bird's-eye  view  of  a  place 
as  they  pass  through,  or  to  the  aged  and  the  invalid, 
who  are  unable  to  avail  themselves  of  the  pleasure 
of  walking  among  the  flower-beds  to  admire  their 
occupants. 

It  cannot,  I  think,  be  denied  that  tlie  ordinary 
bedding  plants  have  supplied  tliis  want,  hitherto  at 
least,  for  two  or  three  months  in  the  summer,  more 
effectually  than  any  arrangements  of  hardy  plants 
as  yet  made  use  of;  and  it  is  useless  to  shirk  the  fact 
that  it  will  take  much  discussion  and  consideration 
before  we  can  make  a  selection  of  hardy  plants  pos- 
sessing this  conspicuous  quality  in  so  great  a  measure 
as  the  tender  bedding  plants  have  hitherto  done  for 
the  short  time  mentioned. 

This  subject  is  a  most  important  one  to  gardeners, 
and  yet  I  am  sorry  to  say  the  majority  of  us  give  it 
but  little  thought  or  consideration.  How  often  is  it 
that  at  the  end  of  August  and  all  through  September 
(after  a  hard  season's  work),  when  a  gardener  should 
have  a  little  quiet  and  leisure  time,  he  is  instead 
confronted  with  the  wearying  task  of  propagating 
from  10,000  to  50,000  bedding  plants,  as  the  case 
may  be.  Let  anj'one  who  knows  what  this  business 
means  calculate  the  labour,  both  mental  and  physical, 
not  only  for  the  time  being  in  securing  a  stock  of 
plants,  but  the  close  attention  this  mighty  host  will 
entail  before  they  are  finally  planted  out  the  follow- 
ing May  or  June.  If  we  leave  the  cost  of  fuel  and 
the  glass  room  out  of  consideration,  the  labour  alone 
is  a  very  large  item  in  the  cost  of  production,  and 
very  onerous  in  view  of  the  fact  of  labour  being 
stinted  as  at  the  present  time. 

I  am  looking  at  this  question  from  a  gardener's 
point  of  view,  not  from  tliat  of  an  amateur  or  an 
employer.  If  I  thought  that  tlie  interest  in  or  the 
quality  of  the  beauty  and  adornment  of  our  gardens 
should  suffer  from  the  change,  my  voice  and  pen 
should  be  silent  in  the  matter.  I  am  well  aware 
that  most  gardens  have  some  peculiarity  of  their 
own,  which  in  some  cases  will  militate  against  the 
adoption  of  this  system  in  its  entirety.  Tlie  garden 
may  be  situated  in  a  smoke  -  laden  and  impure 
atmosphere,  and  the  selection  of  suitable  hardy 
plants  will  be  more  limited  and  difficult ;  or  it  may 
be  our  employer's  wish  tl  at  the  system  of  tender 
bedding  plants  may  still  be  continued.  In  order  to 
give  this  plan  a  thorough  practical  trial,  it  is  neces- 
sary, in  my  opinion,  in  the  first  place,  to  sweep  away 
entirely  every  vestige  of  tender  bedding  plants  from 
the  garden,  so  that  there  can  be  no  temptation  to 
use  them  ;  this  will  put  the  gardener  on  his  mettle, 
and  force  him,  whether  he  will  or  not,  to  find  suitable 
Bubstitutes    for    them.     But   before    this  extreme 


measure  is  resorted  to,  all  the  circumstances  and  dif- 
ficulties of  the  position  must  be  considered,  as  no 
doubt  the  flower-beds  for  a  season  or  two,  until  one 
is  familiar  with  and  possesses  suitable  hardy  plants 
to  replace  the  tender  ones,  will  have  a  less  bright 
aspect  than  before.  Above  all  things,  our  employers' 
desires  and  wishes  must  be  studied,  and  cheerfully 
carried  out,  remembering  that  the  garden  adornment, 
like  the  adornment  of  the  house,  is  for  the  entertain- 
ment and  gratification  of  the  owner. 

Another  question,  and  a  very  important  one,  too, 
bearing  on  this  subject,  is  as  to  the  time  of  the  year 
the  best  display  is  most  wanted  and  appreciated  in 
the  garden.  Some  owners  of  gardens  only  see  them 
perhaps  for  a  month  or  two  in  spring,  others  are  at 
home  for  a  short  time  in  the  summer ;  but  from  my 
experience  I  should  say  that  the  greater  number 
of  families  owning  country  gardens  are  at  home  in 
the  autumn  from  the  middle  of  August  until  Christ- 
mas. Let  the  time  of  the  year  be  wlien  it  may,  it  is 
our  duty  to  endeavour  to  make  that  time  the  most 
enjoyable  and  interesting  time  in  the  garden. 

I  believe  that  the  material  in  the  shape  of  hardy 
flowering  foliage  plants,  which  may  be  successfully 
employed  in  the  flower  garden  as  substitutes  for 
tender  bedding-plants,  are  already  in  existence  in 
this  country  in  thousands,  and  I  also  believe  that 
the  intelligence  and  information  necessary  for  the 
harmonious  and  effective  arrangement  of  these  plants 
in  masses  of  colour  is  also  in  existence  among  the 
hundreds  of  gardeners  in  England,  who,  of  late  years 
especially,  have  made  the  study  and  culture  of 
hardy  plants  their  pleasure  ;  but,  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  this  knowledge  has  not  been  practically 
demonstrated  for  the  benefit  of  gardeners  wishing 
information  and  guidance  on  this  important  subject. 
May  I  second  the  Editor's  appeal  for  assistance  from 
those  who  are  able  to  give  lessons  in  this  matter?  and 
I  think  I  cannot  do  better  than,  in  the  now  historic 
words  of  one  distinguished  statesman  to  another, 
ask  them  to  "  Come  over  and  help  us."  I  shall  be 
glad  to  offer  a  few  suggestions  in  time  later  on.   T.  C, 

It  will  readily  be  admitted  that  a  much  better 

effect  is  produced  by  the  massing  of  hardy  herba- 
ceous plants  and  annuals,  &c.,  than  by  growing  the 
same  species  as  isolated  specimens.  There  is,  how- 
ever, an  objection  to  their  exclusive  use  as  bedding 
plants  or  for  the  purpose  of  furnishing  the  beds  in 
the  flower  garden.  Where  the  primary  object  is  that 
of  simultaneous  and  continuous  flowering  or  the 
keeping  in  good  condition  for,  say,  four  months  tf 
the  year,  or  from  the  early  part  of  June  until  the  end 
of  September,  which  is  the  period  when  the  summer 
flower  garden  is  expected  to  be  in  the  greatest  per- 
fection. Many  of  our  hardy  plants,  when  in  bloom, 
are  exceedingly  beautiful,  and  their  beauty,  as  has 
been  said,  is  greatly  enhanced  by  growing  them  in 
bold  masses. 

But  if  we  suppose  a  flower  garden,  laid  out 
geometrically  or  otherwise,  and  in  proximity  to  a 
mansion  or  residence,  which  is  usually  the  case,  and 
the  beds  of  which  are  exclusively  planted  with  even 
the  choicest  species  of  hai'dy  plants,  it  will  be  found 
that  such  plants  cannot  by  any  means  be  induced  to 
bloom  simultaneously,  the  blooming  season  of  many 
of  them  being  of  but  short  duration,  so  that  the 
result  will  be  that  the  plants  composing,  say,  one 
or  more  beds,  will  be  in  full  bloom  ;  others  will  only 
be  approaching  that  condition  while  the  beauty  of 
others  may  be  fast  passing  away. 

Of  late  years  a  good  deal  has  been  written  and  said 
against  what  is  called  the  bedding-out  system,  and 
much  of  the  adverse  criticism  to  which  this  so-called 
system  has  been  subjected  has  been  merited,  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  its  unqualified  condemnation  is 
obviously  unjust  and  uncalled  for.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  rage  for  briglit,  or  even  glaring  colours, 
whicli  in  years  now  gone  by  may  be  said  to  liiive 
almost  outraged  good  taste  ;  but  tliis  is  even  now 
rarely  found  to  be  the  case,  and  more  quiet  and 
tasteful  arrangement  is  generally  found  to  prevail  in 
the  flower  garden,  This  desirable  state  of  things 
has  in  a  great  measure  been  efi'ected  by  the  intro- 
duction to  the  flower  gai'den  of  various  species  of 


interesting  plants,  hardy  as  well  as  tender,  whose 
foliage,  as  well  as  flowers,  have  proved  them  to  be 
most  desirable  and  appropriate  for  the  purpose. 

It  is,  no  doubt,  possible  to  considerably  increase 
the  hardy  element  in  the  flower  garden,  and  it  is  very 
desirable  that  this  should,  as  much  as  practicable, 
be  done.  But  this,  as  I  have  endeavoured  to  show, 
must  be  done  with  discrimination  and  due  regard  to 
the  continuity  and  time  of  flowering  of  the  plants 
employed.  While  at  the  same  time  tender  or,  at 
least,  what  are  known  as  bedding  i>lants  can  seldom 
be  altogether  excluded,  but  rather  the  one  made  to 
supplement  and  assist  the  other  in  producing  desired 
effects.  It  will,  of  course,  be  seen  that  many  of  our 
most  beautiful  hardy  plants  and  annuals  are  thus, 
on  account  of  their  period  of  blooming,  or  on  account 
of  the  short  time  in  which  they  remain  in  flower, 
excluded  from  the  parterre  or  summer  flower  garden. 
But  this  circumstance  need  not  in  the  least  degree 
affect  their  extensive  use  in  other  and  more  suitable 
situations,  such  as  in  the  formation  of  bold  and 
striking  groups  in  various  parts  of  the  grounds,  in 
the  spring  flower  garden,  and  in  the  herbaceous 
border,  which  will  and  ought  to  form  one  of  the  most 
interesting  features  in  all  extensive  garden  establish- 
ments. P.  G. 

[Where  flower  gardens  are  to  be  planted  with 
hardy  plants,  the  oft  found  geometrical  designs  of 
beds  and  parterres  will  in  many  cases  require  altera- 
tion ;  and  a  "  blaze  "  of  colour  will  not  be  looked 
for.  Ed.] 


BRITISH    ASSOCIATION. 

A  Fruit  Tree  Pest.* — The  author  has  prepared 
an  extended  article  on  this  insect  in  his  annual 
report  as  United  States  Entomologist,  which  will 
appear  in  the  report  of  the  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  for  188G,  now  being  distributed 
from  AVashington,  and  others  in  the  Bulletin  15  of 
the  Division  of  Entomology  of  the  Department,  also 
just  being  distributed.  These  documents  can  be  had 
on  application  to  the  Commissioners  of  Agriculture, 
by  those  interested,  and  Miss  E.  A.  Ormerod  has 
recently  published  in  England  a  pamphlet  on  the 
same  insect.  The  facts  of  greatest  interest  may  be 
thus  briefly  stated  : — 

The  species  is  the  most  polyphagous  of  Coccids 
(scale  insects),  living  on  a  great  variety  of  plants, 
and  thriving  particularly  on  Acacia,  Lime,  Lemon, 
Orange,  Quince,  Pomegranate,  and  Walnut.  It  is 
capable  of  motion  at  all  stages  of  development  alter 
hatching,  and  can  survive  without  food  for  a  long 
period.  These  characteristics  have  rendered  it  the 
most  grievous  enemy  which  the  fruit  grower  has  to 
contend  with  in  Australia,  New  Zealand,  South 
Africa,  and  California.  It  is  believed  to  have  origi- 
nated in  Australia,  and  to  liave  been  introduced  into 
other  parts  of  the  world  upon  living  plants.  But  in 
endeavouring  to  get  accurate  data  for  this  belief  I 
have  been  led  to  question  the  specific  value  of  Icerya 
purchasi,  Maskell,  as  compared  with  Icerya  sacchari, 
Signoret.  This  last  infests  Sugar-cane  in  the  islands 
of  Bourbon  and  Mauritius,  and  on  the  hypothesis 
that  purchasi  is  a  synonym  of  it,  the  wide  distribu- 
tion of  the  pest  through  the  sugar  trade  becomes  at 
once  intelligible,  as  it  is  a  common  practice  in  that 
part  of  the  world  and  in  the  Pacific  Islands  to  insert 
a  piece  or  pieces  of  the  cane  in  the  hogsheads  or 
other  packages  for  tlie  purpose  of  facilitating  the 
drainage  of  syrup  that  is  an  accompaniment  of  the 
unrefined  sugars  produced  there. 

Thus  the  question  of  synonymy  bears  directly  on 
the  original  source  of  this  pest,  and  this  is  import- 
ant to  us  practically  in  .any  study  of  the  natural 
enemies  of  the  species,  with  a  view  to  their  artificial 
introduction  into  those  countries  which  Icerya  has 
invaded  without  its  natural  checks. 

This  Iccr3'a,  on  account  of  the  protection  offered 
by  the  fluted,  waxy  ovisac,  and  of  its  other  charac- 

*  Icerya  purchasi,  an  insect  injurious  to  fruit  trees  in  Aus- 
tralia, New  Zealand,  South  Africa,  and  California.  Abstract 
of  a  paper,  by  Professor  C.  V.  Riley,  read  before  the  Britisli 
Asaociatioii  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  Mauchester,  Sep- 
tember 6.  1887. 


OcTODEn  1,  1RS7.1 


THE    GAIiDENEIiS'     (IHEONICLE. 


403 


teristics  already  mentioned,  is  one  of  the  most  diffi- 
cult of  all  insects  to  coutrol,  as  few  insecticides  will 
reach  the  eggs. 

In  the  papers  already  cited  will  be  found  details 
of  experiments  whereby  the  difficulty  has  been  sur- 
mounted in  California  by  judicious  spraying  with 
kerosene  emulsions  and  resin  soaps,  as  well  as  by  a 
combination  of  cyanhvdric  gas  evolved  from  potassic 
cyanide,  and  carbonic  gas  evolved  from  sodic  bicar- 
bonate, used  under  a  portable  tent. 


Forestry. 


AVortK  IN  THE  XuRSKRV  (continued  from  p.  339).  — 
For  a  nursery  of,  say,  6  acres  in  extent,  five  men  will 
require  to  be  constantly  employed,  indeed  a  fair 
computation  is  to  allow  a  man  to  each  acre.  The 
nursery  should  be  in  charge  of  a  competent  fore- 
man— one  well  versed  in  the  rearing  and  general 
management  of  forest  trees  and  shrubs,  whose  duty 
it  is  to  superintend  the  work  and  see  that  every 
thing  is  carried  on  in  a  careful  and  efficient  manner, 
to  keep  tlie  men's  time,  and  be  responsible  to 
the  forester  for  everything  wltliin  the  bounds  of  the 
nursery.  Elaborate  directions  regarding  the  planting 
of  the  nursery  stock,  seed-sowing,  transplanting, 
&c.,  are  here  quite  unnecessary,  as  tliese  are  fully 
treated  of  at  their  proper  time  in  our  monthly  notes 
on  Forestry,  and  would  occupy  too  much  space  if 
fully  treated  on  in  the  present  article.  The  nursery 
grounds  should  at  all  times  be  maintained  inatidyand 
clean  condition,  for  if  oncethebordersgetoverrun  with 
weeds,  and  these  are  allowed  to  seed,  their  after  de- 
struction is  both  expensive  and  fraught  with  almost  end- 
less work.  An  out-of-the-way  place  should  be  selected 
and  put  aside  for  the  reception  of  weeds,  manures, 
and  compost,  and  this,  so  as  to  be  hidden  from  view, 
may  be  surrounded  with  a  thick  and  high  hedge  com- 
posed either  of  Holly  or  Beech.  In  such  a  place  the 
composts  can  be  mixed  up,  turned,  and  otherwise 
made  ready  for  applying  to  the  nursery  breaks.  One 
of  the  most  valuable  adjuncts  to  any  nursery  is  a 
plentiful  supply  of  water  ;  indeed,  if  such  is  not  pre- 
sent naturally,  it  must  be  brought  or  laid  on  at  almost 
any  cost.  Seed-beds,  frames,  and  newly  transplanted 
trees  of  small  size  must,  during  warm  and  dry 
weather,  be  attended  to  with  a  liberal  supply  of 
water,  else  half  the  stock  will  be  lost.  Kain-water 
is  preferable  to  that  of  any  other  description  for 
applying  to  young  plants,  and  if  such  cannot  con- 
veniently be  collected  and  stored,  it  may  be  well  be- 
fore using  that  from  a  well  or  pump  to  draw  it  ofTinto 
open  tanks,  there  to  remain  for  some  days  previous  to 
being  used. 

Advantage  of  a  Home  Nursery. — To  the  forester  in 
particular  the  advantage  of  a  well  stocked  home 
nursery  can  hardly  be  overrated  ;  and  if  anything  has 
been  forcibly  brought  home  to  me  during  my  period 
of  forest  management  it  is  the  advisability  of  estab- 
lishing and  maintaining  in  good  order  a  well  stocked 
home  nursery.  Where  forest  planting,  the  forma- 
tion of  fences,  game  coverts,  and  shrubberies  are 
extensively  engaged  in,  the  convenience  of  having  a 
stock  of  suitable  plants  at  one's  hand,  and  of  the  size 
and  in  the  quantity  required,  is  great — indeed,  can 
hardly  be  overvalued.  That  many  estates  have 
been  sadly  neglected  for  want  of  the  judicious  and 
timely  planting  of  trees  and  shrubs,  more  particularly 
the  latter,  as  game  covert  and  for  ornament,  is  only 
too  evident — an  evil  that  may  be  traced  wholly  to  the 
want  of  that  valuable  adjunct,  the  home  nursery. 

When  a  proprietor  or  his  agent  has  to  pay  at  the 
rate  of  Gs.  per  dozen  for  covert  plants,  such  as  the 
Laurel,  Aucuba,  Laurustinus,  &c.,  it  is  then  found 
how  very  much  money  they  run  up  to  if  the  work  is 
at  all  extensively  carried  out,  and  the  outlay 
must  be  in  accordance  with  the  length  of  the  purse. 
Again,  for  ornamental  planting,  let  us  look  at  the 
prices  of  such  plants  as  the  lloUy,  Yew,  Rhododen- 
dron, amongst  evergreens,  or  the  finer  Thorns,  Mag- 
nolias, Acers,  Pyrus,  and  hundreds  of  others  amongst 
deciduous  trees  and  shrubs,  and  we  shall  soon  find  out 
the  advantages  and  saving  effected  by  maintaining  a 
home  nursery. 

Where  immediate  effect  by  planting  of  large-sized 
trees  and  shrubs  is  required  on  any  estate,  it  is  then, 


however,  that  the  advantage  of  having  at  hand  a 
stock  oi  these  is  most  appreciated,  for  trees,  more 
especially  those  of  a  large  size,  cannot  after  packing 
and  transmission  by  road  and  rail,  be  expected  to 
succeed  as  well  as  those  raised  and  planted  on  the 
same  or  following  day.  The  extra  ball  of  earth 
with  which  plants  can  be  safely  and  conveniently 
conveyed  for  a  short  distance  is,  likewise,  much  in 
favour  of  home-grown  trees  and  shrubs,  this  being 
rendered  almost  an  impossibility  where  such  have  to 
be  transmitted  from  a  distance. 

There  is  another  and  still  more  important  advan- 
tage connected  with  the  liome  nursery,  and  that  is 
the  plants  can  be  reared  at  such  an  altitude  as  to 
render  them  well  fitted  for  withstanding  the  peculiar 
climatic  conditions  of  almost  any  estate.  That  too 
sudden  a  change  from  sheltered  lowland  nursery 
ground  to  tlie  bare  liillside  invariably  proves  fatal  to 
young  trees  is  painfully  apparent  to  those  who  have 
had  aught  to  do  with  the  planting  of  high-lying 
grounds  ;  and  as  few  of  our  public  nurseries  exceed 
a  few  hundreds  of  feet  in  elevation  the  necessity  of 
proprietors  whose  lands  ar*.'  upwards  of  1000  feet 
above  sea-level,  rearing  tlieir  own  stock  is  readily 
understood.  The  planting  of  high-lying  and  wind- 
swept grounds  is  at  all  times  fraught  with  consider- 
able risk  so  far  as  the  future  welfare  of  the  young 
plants  is  concerned,  and  all  the  more  so  if  the  trees 
have  been  reared  in  an  only  semi-hardy  way,  but 
such  risk  is  minimised  to  a  great  extent  by  using 
stout,  bushy,  hai-dy-constitutioned  plants  that  have 
been  reared  in  positions  akin,  or  nearly  so,  to  what 
they  are  ultimately  to  occupy  in  the  woodland.  Of 
course,  by  this  we  do  not  wish  it  to  be  understood 
that  seedling  forest  plants  should  be  reared  up  on  an 
exposed  hillside,  where  the  climatic  conditions  are 
unfavourable  to  the  perfect  development  of  stout, 
sturdy  trees,  but  only  in  such  situations  as  may,  by  a 
person  who  is  competent  to  judge,  be  considered 
suitable  for  the  particular  end  in  view,  viz.,  whether 
the  plants  are  intended  to  be  used  on  liigh-lying  and 
exposed  ground  or  in  sheltered  districts,  and  at  but 
a  few  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  By  having  a 
few  temporary  nurseries  at  various  altitudes  on  the 
estate,  we  have  known  much  benefit  to  accrue  from 
such,  as  the  plants  are,  as  it  were,  prepared  for  any 
emergency,  and  well  suited  for  transplanting  to  almost 
any  situation. 

No  doubt  a  certain  amount  of  attention  is  required 
in  the  management  of  a  liome  nursery,  but  this,  as 
well,  indeed,  as  any  other  expenses  incurred,  is  amply 
repaid  in  the  various  advantages  just  pointed  out. 
A,  D.  Webster. 


Fruits  Under  Glass. 


Early  Forcing  of  Vines. — Vines  to  afford  Grapes 
at  tlie  end  of  April  or  early  in  May  should  be  pruned 
back  to  a  plump  bud  as  close  to  the  main  stem  as  it 
can  be  obtained.  The  house  should  be  made  tho- 
roughly clean,  and  the  walls  lime-washed.  Any 
loose  bark  should  then  be  rubbed  off  with  the  hand, 
and  the  rods  washed  with  a  solution  of  Gishurst 
Compound,  sulphur,  and  soft-soap,  at  the  rate  of 
4  oz.  each  to  a  gallon  of  warm  water,  applied  to  the 
Vines  with  a  stiff  brush,  and  especially  be  well  rubbed 
into  the  crevices  on  and  about  the  spurs,  so  as  to 
destroy  insects  that  may  be  located  there,  care  being 
taken  to  cause  no  injury  to  the  buds  in  doing  so. 
The  Vines  should  then  be  tied  horizontally  to  the 
wires  over  the  front  pipes  until  their  buds  begin  to 
burst,  which  will  be  about  a  month  from  the  time 
fire-heat  is  applied  to  the  house.  This  done,  the 
surface  of  the  border  should  be  pricked  over  witli  a 
fork,  without  injuring  the  routs,  which,  if  in  a  satis- 
factory condition,  will  be  found  in  quantity  a  few 
inches  below  the  surface.  Then  remove  the  loose 
soil  and  lay  on  a  good  dressing  of  Thomson's  Vine 
manure,  working  it  into  the  soil  with  the  fork,  fol- 
lowing this  with  2  or  3  inches  thick  of  a  compost 
consisting  of  four  parts  sound  fibry  loam  and  one  of 
lime  and  wood  ashes,  well  ^mixed,  as  a  top-dressing, 
covering  the  same  aftenvards  with  a  like  thickness 
of  horse-droppings.  Subsequently  give  tlie  whole  a 
good  soaking  of  tepid  water,  which,  with  ultimate 
applications,  will  wash  the  substance  of  the  manures 
down  to  the  roots.  If  the  border  be  an  active  one, 
rotten  dung  might  be  substituted  for  horse-droppings, 
and  over  this  about  20  inches  thick  of  leaves  and 
fermenting  manure  (about  one  part  of  the  latter  to 
three  of  the  former),  well  mixed,  should  be  laid. 
As  soon  as  the  internal  arrangements  of  tlie  house 
have  been  completed  the  ventilators  should  be  clo.sed 


at  night,  and  the  process  of  forcing  be  commenced 
in  the  second  or  third  week  in  November,  by  apply- 
ing sufficient  fire-heat  to  maintain  a  night  tempera- 
ture of  50",  and  55°  to  60°  by  day,  running  up  10° 
higher  with  sun-heat.  Syringe  the  Vines  two  or 
three  times  a  day  with  tepid  water. 

Tlie  Vines  in  the  second  and  third  early  houses 
should  have  the  shoots  shortened  back  to  within  four 
or  five  joints  of  the  main  stem,  preparatory  to  finally 
pruning  them  back  to  a  plump  bud,  as  indicated 
above,  \\\e  or  six  weeks  hence.  Late  varieties  should 
have  all  the  sub-laterals  removed  forthwith,  together 
witli  the  tops  of  any  unduly  long  main  laterals,  so  as  to 
allow  more  light  reaching  the  bunches  as  well  as  the 
wood.  H.  W.  Ward,  Louyford  Castle. 


The  Hardy  Fruit  Garden. 


Oatheuing  late  Fruits. —  The  fruits  of  late 
varieties  of  Peaches,  Figs  and  dessert  Plums  are 
much  better  for  being  gathered  a  few  at  a  time  or 
according  to  requii-eraents,  and  ]ilaced  in  a  warm  dry 
house,  to  assist  them  to  ripen  tlioroughly,  some  few 
days  pi'evious  to  using  them.  Damsons  are  now 
ripe,  and  should  be  gathered  for  bottling  and  other 
methods  of  preserving.  Some  also  may  be  gathered 
and  placed  on  the  shelves  of  the  fruit-room  for  a 
later  supply  for  culinary  purposes.  If  the  fruit  is 
left  lianging  on  the  trees  after  becoming  ripe,  the 
birds  soon  devour  it.  Filberts  and  Col)-nuts  should 
also  now  be  gathered,  and  stored  thinly  in  some  cool, 
not  too  dry  place,  where  they  will  be  quite  secure 
from  the  depi-edations  of  rats  and  mice.  There  will 
be  many  varieties  of  Apples  that  will  now  require 
gathering,  especially  on  standard  trees,  such  as  King 
of  the  Pippins,  Blenheim  Orange  (which,  with  our 
trees,  are  heavily  cropped),  and  many  others  that 
have  arrived  at  full  maturity  ;  later  varieties  should 
still  be  left  untouched  till  the  end  of  the  present 
month. 

Pears. — There  are  also  many  varieties  of  these 
fruits  that  will  require  to  be  gathered  within  the  next 
few  days,  such  as  Fondaute  d'Autorane,  Durondeau, 
Pitmaston  Duchess,  Gansel's  Berganiot,  Ducliesse 
d'Angouleme,  Thomson's,  Brockworth  Park,  Fertility, 
Beurre  Clairgeau,  Louise  Bonne  of  Jersey,  and  others  ; 
and  fruits  of  Catillac,  when  grown  on  standards,  are 
now  ready  for  gathering,  but  on  no  account  gather 
later  varieties  for  at  least  anotlier  three  weeks  yet 
to  come. 

Fruits  of  Quinces  and  Medlars  should  be  left 
hanging  on  the  trees  till  the  end  of  the  mouth  ;  the 
former  are  much  appreciated  here  for  culinary 
purposes.  Autumn  bearing  Easpberries  are  now 
supplying  good  quantities  of  their  fruits,  which  are 
most  acceptable  in  the  dessert  and  in  the  kitchen. 
E.  Ward,  Hewdl,  Bromsgrovc. 


The  Kitchen  Garden. 


French  Beans. — Another  good  sowing  in  7  or 
8-inch  pots  should  be  made,  using  light  rich  soil,  and 
filling  the  pots  sufficiently  to  allow  of  their  being 
top-dressed  afterwards,  when  the  young  plants  are 
ready  to  be  sticked.  A  close  Irame  will  suffice  at 
present  until  the  seeds  germinate,  when  a  warmer 
temperature  will  be  needed.  Those  sown  as  advised 
in  a  former  Calendar  should  now  be  top-dressed  and 
removed  into  a  suitable  warm  house  or  pit,  and 
placed  in  a  position  near  the  glass.  Late  sowings 
made  in  the  open,  and  which  are  now  coming  into 
bearing,  should  have  the  pods  plucked  whenever 
they  are  ready.  It  would  also  be  advisable,  in  the 
event  of  early  frosts,  to  have  some  light  covering  at 
hand  as  a  protection,  so  that  the  supply  may  be  pro- 
longed as  late  as  possible. 

Cucumbers. — Encourage  the  plants  intended  for 
winter  fruiting  to  cover  tlie  trellis  by  maintaining  a 
growing  temperature,  and  by  the  addition  of  fresh 
soil  at  the  roots.  Keep  the  foliage  regulated  by 
judicious  tying  and  stopping  of  the  young  growths, 
allowing  sufficient  space  for  each  leaf  to  fully  develope 
itself.  Air  should  be  given  gradually  and  freely 
during  bright  sunny  days  ;  a  little  also  should  be 
afforded  on  mild  nights.  Plants  fruiting  in  dung 
frames  will  require  additional  linings,  and  should  be 
closely  matted  at  night.  After  this  date  any  need- 
ful watering  or  damping  should  be  done  as  early  as 
is  practicable  on  bright  sunny  mornings.  John  Austun, 
Witlcij  Court  Gardens, 


404 


TEE     GABDENEliS'     CHBONIGLE. 


[OCTOBEIt  1,  1887. 


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Vost-offce  Orders  and  Postal  Orders  should 
be  made  payable  at  the  Post  Office, 

No.  42,  DRURY  LANE. 

THE     GARDENERS'    CHRONICLE 

J.  IN  AMERICA. 

The  Subscription  to  America,  includiiig  Postage,  is  S4.30  for 
Twelve  Months. 

Agent  for  America:— C.  H.  MAROT,  814.  Chestnut  Str.et. 
Philadelphia,  U.S. .A.,  to  wliom  American  Orders  may  be  hent. 


APPOINTMENTS  FOR  THE  ENSUING  WEEK. 


SALES 

I  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
MONDAY,  Oct.  3-:  Dutch  Bulbs, atProtheroe&  Morris' 

I      Rooms. 

/Dutch Bulbs, and  500  Indian  A/aleas 

1      from  Ghent,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
WF.DVESD.VY,      Oct.  .'>^  Greenhouse   Plants,   Ferns,   Bulbs, 

I      Lilies,  &c.,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris' 

\     Rooms. 

THURSDAY,  Oct.  ( 

FRIDAY, 

i  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Stevens'  Rooms. 
SATURDAY,  Oct.  S  '.  Dutch  Bulbs,  at  Protheroe  &  Morris" 

(      Rooms. 


The  Edinburgh  We  congratulate  the  Royal  Cale- 
Apple  and  Pear  doiiian   Horticultural    Society  on 

Congress,  1885.  .^j^g  j^^^g  ^f  ^jjjg  interesting  and 
valuable  report,  which  has  been  prepared  by  Mr. 
Malcolm  Dunn,  gardener  to  the  Dulte  of  Buc- 
CLEUCii,  Dalkeith]  Palace.  Following  the  initia- 
tive of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  in  hold- 
ing the  Apple  Congress,  at  Chiswick,  in  1883, 
and  that  of  the  Pear,  in  188.5,  which  proved  so 
signally  successful,  the  pomologists  of  the 
North  determined  to  hold  another  of  both  Apples 
and  Pears,  in  Edinburgh.  This  was  a  bold  step, 
not  many  believing  in  its  success.  The  response 
was,  however,  far  beyond  the  expectations  of  its 
most  sanguine  promoters,  there  being  gathered 
together  the  largest  and  most  representative 
collection  of  Apples  and  Pears  from  all  parts  of 
the  United  Kingdom  that  was  ever  brought 
together. 

The  primary  object  of  the  Congress  was  the 
special  examination  of  Scottish  fruit,  it  being 
felt  that  at  the  Chiswick  Congresses  Scotland 
was  not  so  well  represented  as  it  should  have 
been ;  so  for  the  present  report  Scotland  occupies 
the  premier  position,  and  we  have,  in  addition, 
considerable  returns  from  the  sister  kingdom, 
Ireland.  Tne  work  so  well  begun  at  Chiswick 
by  Mr.  Barron  has  been  ably  followed  up  by  Mr. 
Dunn,  so  that  we  have  in  the  three  reports  before 
us  a  mass  of  information  concerning  Apples  and 
Pears  such  as  cannot  fail  to  be  of  the  utmost 
value  to  fruit  growers. 

In  style,  type,  and  general  get-up,  this  report  ia 


almost  an  exact  copy  of  those  issued  by  the  Royal 
Horticultural  Society,  which  is  an  advantage  in 
some  respects.  Some  idea  of  the  valuable  matter  to 
Ije  found  in  this  publication  may  be  arrived  at 
when  we  state  that "  selections  of  the  best  varieties 
of  Apples  and  of  Pears  are  given  for  each  county, 
each  countrj-,  and  for  the  United  Kingdom  " — 
these  "  being  compiled  from  the  returns  sent  in 
by  growers  residing  in  the  different  localities," 
"  furnishing  a  most  valuable  record  of  the  best 
varieties  for  cultivation."  To  suit  various  wants 
these  selections  have  been  arranged  in  eight 
lists  or  classes  of  fruit,  thus  : — 1,  Ten  dessert 
Apples,  in  the  order  of  ripening ;  2,  Ten  culi- 
nary ;  3,  Ten  dessert  Pears  ;  4,  Twelve  Apples 
for  growing  as  dwarf  bushes  ;  5,  Twelve  Apples 
for  growing  in  orchards ;  6,  Twelve  Pears  for 
growing  as  dwarf  bushes;  7,  Six  Pears  for 
growing  in  orchards ;  8,  Three  stewing  Pears 
— the  demands  of  all  classes  of  fruit  growers 
being  thus  met.  The  selection  of  sorts  suited 
for  cultivation  in  the  various  parts  of  the  country, 
it  is  worthy  of  note,  "  bear  a  remarkable  simi- 
larity ; "  the  ten  or  twelve  varieties  at  the  top 
of  the  poll  iu  one  list  are  pretty  nearly  in  the 
same  position  in  the  other,  although  they  are 
never  exactly  the  same,  some  little  known  or 
favourite  local  variety  being  often  included.  But 
apart  from  these  trivial  exceptions,  as  Mr.  Dunn 
remarks,  the  majority  of  the  varieties  selected 
are  identical,  and,  what  is  more,  they  correspond 
with  similar  selections  given  by  other  growers. 
The  conclusions  arrived  at  by  Mr.  Barron 
are  singularly  corroborated  by  Mr.  Dunn,  and 
nothing  comes  out  more  clearly  than  this — that 
out  of  the  many  hundreds  of  varieties  of  Apples 
and  Pears  grown  in  this  country  only  a  com- 
paratively few  are  really  required,  or  are  desirable 
to  cultivate. 

Scotland  possesses,  or  did  possess,  a  selection 
of  both  Apples  and  Pears  peculiarly  its  own, 
many  of  which  have  never  been  introduced  to 
England,  but  which  were  considered  as  specially 
suited  for  the  north  and  for  a  colder  climate.  If  we 
except  the  Apples — many  of  which  are  the  lead- 
ing varieties  in  all  parts  of  the  country — there  is 
scarcely  a  Scotch  Pear  named  in  any  of  the  lists 
as  suitable  or  desirable  for  cultivation.  The  far- 
famed  Achan  is  scarcely  mentioned.  In  this 
Report  these  old  favourites — the  Bonnie  Maggies, 
Beurres,  Crawfords,  Drummonds,  Peasmeal 
Pokies,  &c.,  are  scarcely  mentioned,  and  the 
sooner  they  are  rooted  up  and  destroyed  the 
better.  Amongst  Pears  at  the  top  of  the  poll  in 
Scotland  and  Ireland  stands  Jargonelle,  which  is 
at  all  times  specially  fine  in  the  North.  It  is  the 
popular  and  standard  Pear  in  Scotland,  as  the 
Williams'  Bon  Chretien  is  in  England,  or  the 
Duchesse  in  France.  Amongst  dessert  Apples, 
Blenheim  Pippin  heads  the  list,  and  Ecklinville 
amongst  the  culinary  varieties  ;  and  in  Ireland, 
King  of  the  Pippins  and  Lord  Suffield  respec- 
tively. 

In  regard  to  soil  and  cultivation,  many  ex- 
tremely interesting  communications  are  to  be 
found  which  are  well  worth  perusal.  The 
evidence  in  regard  to  stock  is  somewhat  meagre 
and  undecided,  the  greater  number  stating  they 
do  not  know  ;  the  general  reports  are,  however, 
in  favour  of  the  Crab  for  Apples  and  the  Pear 
stock  for  Pears.  A  great  many  of  the  returns 
speak  of  the  localities  as  being  somewhat  too 
cold  and  damp  for  fruit-culture,  especially  of 
I'ears,  which  are  mostly  grown  on  walls.  One 
grower  takes  strange  comfort,  however,  in  his 
situation,  where,  he  states  that,  being  "  well 
exposed  to  the  wind,  and  in  the  midst  of  a 
mineral  district,  with  numerous  ironworks,  &e., 
in  full  blast,  with  their  accompanying  smoke  and 


gases,  the  fruit  trees  are  not  troubled  with  moss 
or  lichen  growing  upon  them,  and  Apple  trees 
generally  grow  well."  Dr.  Robertson,  of  Errol, 
writes  hopefully  in  regard  to  the  once  famed 
.orchards  of  the  Carse  of  Gowrie : — 

"  Most  sorts  of  Ajipk-s  do  well  in  the  Carse  ot 
Gowrie  when  pruning  and  manuring  are  properly 
attended  to  ;  but  the  Carse  orchards,  which  were  once 
so  celebrated,  have  been  sadly  neglected  of  late. 
However,  a  reformation  has  already  begun  to  be 
made  by  a  few  enterprising  individuals,  and  1  hope 
this  excellent  example  will  be  quickly  followed  by 
others." 

We  sincerely  hope  so  too.  As  an  example  of 
the  sort  of  matter  to  be  found  iu  this  report  we 
cannot  do  better  than  quote  the  following  inter- 
esting remarks  and  valuable  advice  from  the 
veteran  cultivator,  Mr.  ^^'EBSTER,  The  Gardens, 
Gordon  Castle,  Fochabers : — 

Outdoor  fruit  culture  in  this  northern  part  of 
the  kingdom  is  at  all  times  uncertain  ;  and  to  those 
in  charge  it  is  invariably  an  anxious  period  until 
the  setting  process  is  completed,  and  even  then 
bright  prospects  are  sometimes  frustrated  by  a 
cold,  wet,  sunless  autumn  such  as  the  past  one  has 
been. 

"  from  long  and  attentive  observation  I  consider 
myself  authorised  in  stating  that  a  great  deal  more 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  planting  of  those 
kinds  principally  which  are  well  known  to  be  adapted 
to  the  climate. 

"  The  young  and  inexperienced  should  first  seek 
the  advice  of  those  who  have  had  long  practical 
knowledge  in  the  locality  before  making  selections 
for  planting.  Until  he  acquires  by  experience  and 
ocular  demonstration  a  knowledge  of  the  kinds  that 
will  bear  good  fruit  and  ripen  best  in  the  district,  he 
is  much  more  likely  to  fail  thiin  to  succeed  in  pro- 
ducing good  crops  of  fine  fruit." 


It  is  generally  admitted  that 
^'"'■Trnde'""'     Hyacinths,    all    round,  are    very 

fine  this  season — large,  plump, 
heavy,  and  well  matured.  And  they  appear  to 
be  very  cheap  also.  We  have  seen  iu  retail 
catalogues  leading  varieties  of  Hyacinths,  such 
as — Robert  Steiger  and  Norma,  single  reds ; 
Argus,  Baron  van  Tuyll,  Charles  Dickens, 
Leonidas,  Marie,  and  Mimosa,  single  blues, 
offered  at  prices  nearly  one-half  less  than  they 
were  a  few  years  ago.  The  single  whites  and 
single  yellows  still  keep  up  their  prices.  It  is 
now  possible  to  purchase  a  dozen  good  Hyacinths, 
up  to  exhibition  form,  for  the  comparatively 
small  sum  of  .5.?.  or  ti.'.'.  The  supply  is  evidently 
very  large,  and  prices  rule  low  in  consequence. 
It  is  said  there  is  a  falling-off  in  the  quantities 
sold  by  our  leading  seedsmen,  and  this  may  be 
accounted  for  on  several  grounds.  First, 
some  of  the  bulb  growers  of  Holland  send 
their  catalogues  broadcast  to  residents  in  this 
country,  and  by  selling  at  prices  only  a  little, 
if  at  all,  above  those  at  which  bulbs  are  supplied 
from  Holland  to  the  English  wholesale  trade, 
they  are  enabled  to  do  a  large  retail  business. 
It  is  not  unconmion  for  a  few  residents  in  a  par- 
ticular locality  to  band  together  and  have  over 
a  case  of  bulbs  between  them.  Packages  are  in 
many  casei  delivered  free,  while  the  wholesale 
dealer  has,  in  most  instances,  to  bear  the  cost  of 
transit.  Secondly,  sales  of  bulbs  in  London  and 
in  provincial  cities  and  to\vns  are  frequent. 
They  are  sold  at  low  prices,  and  hundreds  of 
gardens  are  supplied  in  this  way.  Thirdly, 
ot  recent  years  men  who  are  regarded  as 
amateurs  have  started  as  sellers  of  bulbs  in 
some  leading  provincial  town  or  city,  and  do  a 
very  large  trade.  ^\^e  heard  the  other  day  of 
one  of  these  having  already  disposed  of  .€700 
worth,  and  the  bulbs  were  said  to  be  bright  and 
fine. 


October  1,  1887.] 


THE     GAEDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


405 


The  practice  is  to  go  over  to  Holland  in  the 
season,  effect  purchases,  and  then  sales  are 
obtained  mainly  by  advertisements.  These  three 
causes  of  necessity  affect  the  sale  of  bulbs 
through  the  ordinary  channels  of  wholesale  and 
retail  seedsmen.  They  mean  a  change  from 
the  old  order  to  the  new,  and  one  result  is  a 
cheapening  of  prices  all  round.  If  profits  are 
less  by  reason  of  retail  prices  being  lower,  it  is  yet 


retain  country  customers.  In  all  departments  of 
trade  prices  are  low,  and  almost  unremunerative, 
and  dealers  have  to  be  satisfied  with  smaller  pro- 
fits. This  leads  to  a  desire  to  extend  the  con- 
nection, and  as  all  are  striving  to  do  this  a  time  of 
acute  and  severe  competition  is  inevitable.  The 
seed  and  bulb  trade  forms  no  exception  in  regard 
to  this  state  of  things,  though  they  doubtless 
long  for  a  season  when  the  supply  will   be   les- 


Peoples  Palace  for  East  London.— a 

Clu-ysanthemum  anti  Winter  Flower  Sliow,  we  are 
informed  by  K.  Flowers,  Esq.,  Secretary,  is  to  be 
field  at  the  Peojile's  Paface,  Mile  End,  from  Wednes- 
day, November  16,  to  Saturday,  November  19,  in- 
cfusive,  wfien  liberal  prizes  wifl  be  given  by  the 
Beaumont  Trustees  for  Cln-ysanthemums.  Two 
classes  of  exhibitors  will  be  represented,  there  being 
prizes  for  sixteen  open  classes,  and  one  for  a  group 


Fig.  88.— the  white  nelumbium  :   tloweb  real  size  ;  leaf  much  reduced,     (see  p.  406.) 


a  fact  that  bulbs  can  be  purchased  at  a  cheaper 
rate  from  the  growers,  but  probably  not  sufSciently 
so  to  enable  a  fair  profit  to  be  made.  It  is  pro- 
bable that,  as  a  general  rule,  the  wholesale  dealers 
in  the  country  are  satisfied  if  they  can  make  their 
bulb  trade  to  pay  expenses.  It  falls  in  between 
the  summer  and  winter  seasons  of  trade,  and 
so  fills  up  an  interval  when  comparatively  little 
is  doing.  In  these  days  of  severe  competition  a 
connection  must  be  kept  together  ;  and  thus  it  is 
the  wholesale  houses  are  under  something  like  an 
obligation  to  carry  on  the  bulb  trade  in  order  to 


sened,  and  an  advance  in  prices  is  witnessed. 
But  under  what  might  be  regarded  as  an  im- 
proved state  of  things,  the  increment  of  profit 
may  not,  after  all,  increase  much  in  volume,  and 
so  make  business  transactions  more  remunerative 
than  they  are  at  present. 


Banbury  Chrysanthemum  Society.- The 

annual  exhibition  of  this  Society  will  take  place  in 
the  Exchange  Hall,  Banbury,  on  November  23.  All 
exhibitors  of  this  show  must  be  members  of  the 
Society. 


of  mixed  plants  arranged  for  effect,  exhibitors  to 
live  within  the  School  Board  divisions  of  the  Tower 
Hamlets  and  Hackney. 

The   Dutch    Seed   Crops.  —  Advices  from 

Holland  of  recent  date  show  tliat  Cauliflower  was 
planted  for  seed  in  larger  quantities  than  in  previous 
years,  and,  provided  the  weatlier  keeps  favourable, 
the  crop  will  be  very  good.  Cabbage,  Savoys,  Kalep, 
and  Brussels  Sprouts  suffered  during  the  winter ; 
what  remains  of  the  crop  produces  an  average 
yield.  Carrots  look  fairly  well ;  Spinach  a  very 
good  crop;    and   Peas   a   large    produce.     Black 


406 


THE     GAFDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[October  1,  1S87. 


Spanish  Radish  is  a  good  crop  ;  the  othei-  Radishes 
suflfered  from  drought,  and  the  yield  will  scarcely  be 
an  average  one.  Onions  show  a  good  crop,  but  Leeks 
a  sparing  one.  Celery  and  Parsley  are  good.  Kid- 
ney and  Runner  Beans  a  small  cro]),  but  Longpod 
and  Broad  Beans  show  a  good  yield.  Cucumbers, 
like  the  Radishes,  suffered  from  drought,  and  the 
crop  is  small.  Less  of  Swede  Turnips  than  is 
usual  were  planted  out  for  seed,  but  the  yield 
is  good  generally.  But  few  Beet  and  Mangel 
Wurzel  were  planted  for  seed ;  but  the  yield  is 
promising.  Chervil  is  a  good  average  crop;  Corn 
Salad  a  fair  one,  but  it  is  not  nearly  so  much  sown 
as  formerly. 

Manchester  Exhibition  Palace.— It  is  Mr. 

B.  FiNDLAv's  intention  to  hold  ajgreat  Apple  and 
Pear  Show  in  the  above  building  on  October  14  and 
15.  Schedules  of  prizes  are  in  course  of  preparation, 
and  will  be  issued  as  soon  as  ready. 

The  Snow  Plant  of  the  Sierra  Nevada. 

— "  One  of  the  most  interesting  products  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  is  the  be.autiful  Snow- 
plant.  The  scientific  name  of  this  flower  is  Sarcodes 
sanguinea,  meaning  the  '  blooded  flesh.'  June  is  its 
month  of  blooming,  and  it  can  then  be  found  grow- 
ing in  secluded  spots  in  the  mountains,  where  the 
snow  falls  deepest  in  the  winter,  and  where  the  fall 
grass  grows  thickly,  and  casts  an  unbroken  shade. 
The  plant  itself  is  from  4  to  10  inches  in  height,  and 
is  of  a  bright  scarlet  colour,  including  leaves  and 
flowers,  although  the  stem  is  pink  and  white.  The 
flowers  are  attached  close  to  the  stem,  and  the  leaves 
curl  upward  and  partially  hide  the  flowers  from  view, 
the  whole  being  in  the  form  of  a  cone.  The  leaves 
have  a  delicate  and  frost-like  edge,  which  makes 
them  extremely  beautiful.  How  these  plants  grow 
is  not  known  to  botanists,  as  they  have  neither  seed 
nor  bulb.  They  are  supposed  to  be  parasites,  and 
cannot  be  propagated.  Localities  where  they  are 
abundant  one  season  may  not  produce  a  single  spe- 
cimen the  next.  A  beautiful  Indian  legend  is  con- 
nected with  the  origin  of  this  flower,  which  is  to  the 
elTect  that  once  upon  a  time  a  lovely  Indian  maiden 
died  of  a  broken  heart  on  account  of  the  faithlessness  of 
her  lover  ;  that  her  spirit  sought  refuge  in  the  darkest 
nooks  in  the  forest,  where  sounds  of  her  sobbing  and 
wailing  are  frequently  heard  among  the  trees  ;  that 
the  tears  she  sheds  are  drops  of  blood,  and  wherever 
one  of  these  touches  the  earth  there  springs  up  a 
crimson  plant."  Dublin  Eceninij  Telegra}yh. 

CheNOPODIUM  ATRIPLICIS.— a  veiy  handsomely 
coloured  form  of  this  plant  came  from  Mr.  V.  Dop- 
PLEB,  nurseryman,  Erfurt,  the  colours  calling  to  mind 
the  best  forms  of  Amaranthus  salicifolius,  but  more 
vivid  and  striking.  It  is  averred  by  the  raiser 
that  it  comes  true  from  seed.  We  think  a  more 
appropriate  name  should  be  given  this  rather 
ephemeral  subject  than  C.  a.  foliis  variegatis. 
Why  not  C.  atriplicis,  Doppleb's  var.,  or  Kron- 
Prinz,  &c.  ? 

Pierre  BeLON. — The  unveiling  of  the  statue 
erected  by  international  subscription  in  honour 
of  this  botanist  and  pioneer  of  horticulture  will 
take  place  at  Mans  on  Sunday,  October  9,  at 
2  P.M.  A  banquet  will  take  place  after  the  cere- 
mony. 

Birmingham    Gardeners'    Association.  — 

This  young  but  vigorous  Society  of  working  gar- 
deners has  given  decisive  proof  of  its  vitality  by  pub- 
lishing a  brochure  of  one  hundred  pages,  in  which  are 
embodied  the  principal  papers  read  before  the  members 
during  the  last  twelvemonths.  The  papers  are,  with 
one  exception,  the  work  of  gardeners  by  profes- 
sion. The  one  exception  is  a  paper  of  much  merit, 
by  a  gentleman  gardener,  Mr.  Edmdnd  Tones,  B.C  L., 
on  "  Plant  Food,"  in  which  the  value  of  artificial 
manures  is  set  forth  with  much  vigour,  and  some 
formula;  of  value  are  given.  The  other  papers  are  one 
descriptive  of  the  "  Rise  and  Progress  of  the  Asso- 
ciation," by  Mr.  J.  HoQHEs,  the  Hon.  Sec,  to  whom 


the  success  of  this  young  Society  is  mainly  due,  and 
others  as  follows : — "  Mushroom  Growing,"  by  J. 
Ckook  ;  *'  Carnivorous  Plants,"  by  W.  B.  Latham  ; 
"The  Cattleya  and  its  Culture,"  by  E.  Cooper; 
"  The  Chrysanthemum,"  by  G.  Page  ;  "  Con- 
trast and  Harmony,  with  Special  Reference  to 
Flowers,"  by  Mr.  J.  Pope  ;  "  The  Grape  Vine," 
by  Mr.  J.  R.  Petch  ;  "  The  Cyclamen  and 
Bouvardia,"  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Herbert  ;  "  The  Chinese 
Primula,"  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Hoeton  ;  and  "  The 
Cape  Heath."  by  Mr.  W.  Jones.  The  papers  are  tlie 
bond  fide  work  of  practical  gardeners,  and  we  con- 
gratulate them  all  on  the  combined  result.  The 
little  volume  (edited  by  Mr.  Wm.  Dean-)  is  one 
which  many  gardeners  maybe  glad  to  possess.  Its 
price  is  Is.  &d.,  and  it  can  be  obtained  from  Messrs. 
Cornish  Bros..  Birmingham.  The  thanks  of  the 
gardening  community  are  due  to  the  present  Mayor 
of  Birmingham  (Sir  Thomas  Martineau)  for  the 
judicious  interest  he  has  taken  in  tlie  formation  of 
this  new  Society,  which  bids  fair  to  become  of  great 
educational  value  in  Birmingham  and  the  neigh- 
bourhood. The  Association  already  possesses  the 
nucleus  of  a  valuable  technical  library,  and  as  local 
gentlemen  are  contributing  to  the  library  fund 
most  liberally,  it  is  not  difficult  to  suppose  that, 
in  a  few  years'  time,  the  Birmingnam  gardeners 
will  have  access  to  most  of  the  best  books  on  gar- 
dening topics  which  money  can  buy.  We  shall 
watch  the  career  of  this  Society  with  great  interest, 
and  we  are  not  without  hope  that  it  may  furnish 
precedents  for  many  similar  organisations.  The 
present  autumn  session  opened  on  Tuesday  evening 
last,  when  there  was  an  attendance  of  nearly  300 
members.  Sir  Thomas  Martineau  presided,  and 
warmly  congratulated  the  Society  on  its  progress. 
The  Rev.  J.  A.  Williams,  Alderminster,  then  read 
an  excellent  paper  on  "  The  Cultivation  of  the  Rose," 
with  especial  reference  to  the  local  circumstances  of 
Birmingham  suburban  gardeners.  A  hearty  vote  of 
thanks  was  awarded  to  Mr,  Williams,  on  the  motion 
of  Mr.  E.  W.  Badger,  seconded  by  Professor  Hill- 
HoosE.  A  fine  collection  of  well-grown  out-of-door 
Roses,  from  Mr.  Williasis'  garden,  chiefly  Teas, 
and  from  that  of  Mr.  Griffiths,  Edgbaston,  were 
exhibited  on  the  occasion. 

Richmond  Horticultural  Society.— We 

are  informed  that  the  committee  has  decided  that  no 
autumn  Exhibition  shall  be  held  this  year  under  the 
auspices  of  this  Society. 

ArOIDS. — One,  otherwise  most  extraordinary, 
great  drawback  to  the  cultivation  of  certain  Aroids 
depends  upon  the  atrocious  odour  they  give  out.  Now 
M.  Alphonse  Ivabr,  in  the  current  number  of  tlie 
Jardin,  says  that  this  may  be  obviated  by  cutting  away 
the  "  column,"  by  which  he  means  the  spadix,  which 
alone,  according  to  him,  is  the  source  of  the 
odour.  Perhaps,  though  M.  Karr  does  not  say  so, 
it  is  ouly  the  upper  part  of  the  spadix,  uncovered 
with  flowers,  that  is  odoriferous.  This  remains  to 
be  tested. 

Chrysanthemums  as   Bedding    Plants.— 

A  very  pretty  bed  at  Kew  is  composed  of  a  centre  of 
Madame  Desgrange  Chrysanthemum,  the  flowers  of 
which  are  whitish  outside,  with  a  pale  sulphur  centre, 
surrounded  by  a  belt  of  Pr^cocite,  a  dwarf  variety, 
with  yellow  flowers  flushed  with  red. 

Marriage   of   John    E.    Lindley,    Esq.— 

September  28,  at  the  parish  church  of  Lawford, 
Essex,  by  the  V^ery  Rev,  the  Dean  of  Ely,  assisted 
by  the  Rev.  Henry  Latham,  late  Tutor  of  Trinity 
Hall,  Cambridge,  and  the  Rev.  E.  K.  Green, 
Rector  of  the  parish,  John  Edward  Lindley, 
Captain,  Royal  Dragoons,  eldest  son  of  the  Right 
Honourable  Lord  Justice  Lindley,  to  Isabel, 
younger  daughter  of  Francis  M.  Nichols,  Esq.,  of 
Lawford  Hall. 

Publications  RECayE.O.—Tlcvue Internationale 
Sciciilifitjue  ct  Poputaire  des  Falsifications  dcs  Bcnrfcs 
A/imentaires. — Tropical  Jgriciilturist, 


THE    WHITE    NELUMBIUM. 

In  a  communication  accompanying  a  flower  and 
leaf  of  this  beautiful  aquatic,  Mr.  Bolas,  gardener  | 
to  H.  Chandos  Pole  Gell,  Esq.,  Hoptoii.  Wirks- 
worth,  Derbyshire,  tells  how  he  grew  aquatics  in  the 
open  air,  his  experience  of  them  dating  from  a  period 
twenty  years  ago : — 

"  A  stock  of  the  best  Nympha3as  and  other  aquatics 
was  raised  early  in  the  year,  with  the  Victoria 
regia,  in  the  aquatic  houses  ;  we  grew  them  on  in 
old  baskets  and  hampers,  and  then  conveyed  them  to 
the  ponds  fed  by  the  waste  water  and  steam  from 
the  engines  of  the  collieries,  two  men  wading  in  with 
them,  and  sinking  the  hampers.  I  have  seen  the 
finest  flowers  I  ever  met  with  of  Nyinpha;a  coerulea 
and  N.  Spodiana  grown  this  way,  but  the  Victoria 
regia  never  flowered  to  perfection,  although  pro- 
ducing fine  leaves.  Nelumbiums  grew  admirably  so 
treated.  A  summer  like  tlie  ]n-esent  would  have 
produced  good  effects. 

"  But  anyone  having  sufficient  heat  at  command  to 
grow  ordinary  stove  plants  may  obtain  much  pleasur- 
able interest  in  cultivating  numbers  of  tropical 
aquatics,  both  flowers  and  foliage  having  a  freshness 
and  charm  not  common  to  many  stove  subjects.  A 
few  No.  1  pots,  having  the  holes  cemented  up,  will 
take  up  but  little  room  ;  or,  in  lieu  of  these,  saw  a 
petroleum  cask  in  two  and  use  them,  after  being 
charred  inside  to  destroy  the  oil  in  the  wood.  Then 
take  some  rough  loam,  dry  cowdung.  broken  charcoal 
and  sandstone.  With  such  materials  I  have  flowered 
such  subjects  as  Pontederia  crassipes,  and  the  still 
more  beautiful  Eichorneaazurea  ;  varieties  of  Nelum- 
biums, including  the  one  figured,  the  locale  being  a 
small  forcing-house. 

"  The  white  Nelumbium  (fig.  88.  p.  405),  at  present 
in  flower,  is  dwarf,  the  tallest  leaves  standing  .3  feet 
4  inches  and  16  inches  in  diameter,  and  it  has  forty- 
two  fully  developed  leaves.  It  is  planted  in  a  tub 
made  from  a  petroleum  cask. 

"  I  find,  in  raising  the  Nelumbiums  from  seed,  that 
by  placing  the  seeds  in  small  glasses  of  warm  water, 
placed  in  a  close  moist  propagating-box,  the  seed 
can  be  got  to  germinate  in  a  few  days  without  any 
filing  of  the  ends  ;  whereas,  without  this  precaution, 
they  require  several  weeks  to  germinate." 


NOTICES  OF  Books. 


"  Reichenbachia." 

The  maguificent  publicatioa  issued  by  Mr.  Sander 
increases  in  artistic  value  as  it  proceeds,  the  recent 
plates  by  Mr.  Moon  have  been  not  only  portraits,  but 
artistic  representations,  elegant  yet  truthful  in 
drawing,  harmonious  in  colouring,  with  due  regard  to 
perspective  and  light  and  shade,  and  not  exaggerated 
as  to  colour.  The  woodcuts,  botanically  the  most 
useful  and  important  part  of  the  whole  book,  are 
not  so  well  executed  as  the  coloured  plates. 

Odontoglossum  cr'tspum  Hruhyaniun,  Rchb.  f^,  in 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  18S6,  August  7. — This  takes 
rank  with  such  varieties  as  Schroederianum,  Stevens- 
ianum,  Cooksonianum,  Ballantinianum,  Sanderianum, 
and  a  few  others,  all  remarkable  for  having  large 
flowers,  broad  sepals  and  petals,  heavily  blotched 
with  rich  tints  of  reddish-brown.  None  of  these 
can  ever  become  common,  as  their  propagation  la  a 
very  slow  process.     (T.  29.) 

Oncidium  concolor. — One  of  the  loveliest  Orchids 
yet  introduced  to  English  gardens.  Its  large  pure 
yellow  flowers,  are  produced  in  branching  and  drooping 
clusters,  a  toot  or  more  in  leugth.  The  plant 
should  be  grown  on  blocks,  with  a  little  fibrous  peat 
around  the  bulbs.  The  growing  season  is  from  April 
till  October,  throughout  which  time  the  plants  can- 
not have  too  much  moisture,  and  should  therefore  be 
syringed  twice  a  day.  They  like  a  cool  treatment 
during  growth,  and  not  too  much  shade.  The  plants 
flower  in  April.  The  species  is  beautifully  illustrated, 
at  t.  30. 

Triohopilia,  mavis    var.  alba. — A  lovely  audvery 


OrTOBKR  1,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


407 


fragrant  Orchid,  tlie  soft  ivory  whiteness  of  whose 
flowers  harmonises  well  with  the  luxuriant  green  of 
its  broad  handsome  foliage,  and  as  the  surface  cells  of 
the  petals  reflect  the  light,  the  whole  flower  sparkles 
as  if  it  were  studded  with  myriads  of  minute  crystals. 
The  plant,  says  Mr.  Sander,  requires  the  same  treat- 
ment as  other  Trichopilias,  namely,  an  intermediate 
temperature,  a  liberal  supply  of  water  during  active 
growth  (March — September),  and  a  decided  rest  after 
the  completion  of  growth.  It  requires  a  higher  tem- 
perature during  growth  (GO^  to  70°)  than  the  other 
species.  During  the  resting  period  it  should  be  kept 
in  a  cooler  house  and  watered  sparingly.  If  gi'own 
in  a  hanging-basket  the  pendulous  spikes  are  seen  to 
better  advantage.  This  exceptionally  lovely  Orchid 
is  well  figured  at  t.  31. 

Cattleya  superba  car.  spli'tiiJ.€n^. — There  are  very  few 
Cattleyas  that  rival  C.  superba  in  point  of  colour  and 
fragrance,  and  the  variety  splendens  is  far  more 
beautiful  and  rare,  being  distinguished  from  the  type 
in  its  larger  flowers,  longer  sepals  and  petals,  richer 
colour,  and  with  more  white  on  the  labellum.  Mr. 
Sander  recommends  that  it  should  have  a  warmer 
treatment  than  most  Cattleyas.  The  growing  season 
extends  from  early  spring  till  the  end  of  summer, 
during  a\  hich  time  the  plants  must  be  grown  in  a 
temperature  of  65^^  to  80°  F..  and  must  be  well 
syringed.  The  flowers  are  produced  from  the  new 
bulbs  when  about  three  parts  developed,  therefore 
after  flowering  the  phmts  must  be  kept  growing 
until  the  bulbs  are  fully  developed,  when  they 
should  be  removed  to  a  cooler  house  till  February, 
when  they  should  again  be  started  into  growtli. 
(T.  32.) 

Odonfoffiossum  luteo-piu-parcum.  —  Tliis  variety, 
figured  at  t.  33,  possesses  a  beauty  peculiar  to 
itself;  its  bold  and  beautifully  formed  flowers 
adorned  with  blotches  of  chestnut-brown  on  a 
delicately  shaded  gi'ound,  and  hanging  from  a 
tall  giacefully  arching  spike,  render  it  a  plant  to 
be  admired.  It  is  a  very  variable  plant,  and  it 
belongs  to  a  group  the  members  of  which  are  dis- 
tinguished with  ditliculty.  It  is  one  of  the  species 
that  requires  to  be  kept  rather  dry  at  the  roots  at 
times,  and  especially  after  the  bulbs  are  developed 
in  May  or  June,  after  which  period  the  plants  should 
be  kept  in  a  cool  shady  airy  house,  and  only  watered 
occasionally,  but  at  each  watering  the  plants  should 
be  thoroughly  saturated.  In  early  autumn,  when 
the  young  growth  appears,  the  plants  should  be  potted, 
if  necessary,  in  the  usual  compost,  and  placed  in  the 
coolest  part  of  a  Cattleya-house.  Throughout  the 
winter,  which  is  the  growing  season  of  this  species, 
it  must  be  placed  in  a  slightly  higher  temperature 
than  that  required  by  the  majority  of  Odontoglots, 
As  the  growths  develope  and  the  bulbs  begin  to 
form,  the  plants  must  have  copious  waterings,  con- 
tinued tliroughout  the  flowering  season,  which  is 
generally  in  March  or  April,  and  until  the  bulbs  are 
full}'  grown,  which  occurs  about  June,  when  a  cooler 
and  drier  treatment  is  required,  this  constituting  the 
resting  season  of  the  plant. 

Cypripedium  nivcton. — A  white-flowered  Cypripe- 
dium,  fi'om  the  Tambelau  Islands  (Malay  Archi- 
pelago). The  conditions  under  which  it  grows 
naturally  are  given  by  Mr.  Furstermann,  who  found 
this  Orchid  in  the  islands  of  Lancavii,  near  Penang. 
It  succeeds  best  in  an  East  Indian-house,  on  the 
south  side,  and  during  active  growth  (from  April  till 
June)  the  temperature  may  range  from  70°  to  90°  F., 
with  sun-heat.  Abundance  of  water  should  be 
supplied,  and  an  occasional  syringing  overhead  will 
be  beneficial.  The  waterings  should  be  gi'adually 
diminished  until  in  winter,  when  the  plant  is  at  rest, 
little  or  no  water  will  be  required.  A  well  drained 
shallow  pan  is  best  for  it,  and  the  soil  should  consist 
of  turfy  loam  roughly  broken,  equal  parts  of  broken 
charcoal  and  soft  limestone,  and  just  sufficient  coarse 
sand  to  keep  the  compost  open.  The  flowers  are 
produced  in  summer.     (T.  34.) 

StanJiopea  Shuttleworthii. — We  are  glad  to  see  Mr. 
Sander  includes  species  of  this  very  remarkable,  but 
much  neglected,  genus  in  his  magnificent  publication. 
S.  Shuttleworthii  is  a  comparatively  new  species,  dis- 


covered by  Shuttleworth  in  tlie  State  of  Tolima  in 
the  Western  Andes  of  New  Granada.  The  flowers 
are  arranged  in  a  loose,  pendulous  raceme,  and 
possess  a  strong  aromatic  fragrance.  The  plant  may 
be  described  as  combining  the  rich  colours  of  H. 
Wardii  with  the  habit  and  form  of  S.  insignis, 
Basket  culture  is  essential  for  these  plants.  The 
baskets  should  be  of  Teak,  and  shallow,  with  very 
little  drainage  material,  as  this  is  likely  to  injure  the 
spikes  while  thrusting  themselves  through  it.  Broken 
charcoal,  rough  leaf-mould,  and  plenty  of  live  sphag- 
num make  a  good  Stanhopea  compost.  All  the  species 
require  warm  treatment,  t;ucii  as  that  afforded  by  an 
ordinary  hot  and  moist  stove.  When  at  rest — from 
October  to  Febuary — they  should  be  kept  dry,  and 
in  a  much  lower  temperature.  When  new  growths 
show  themselves  the  baskets  should  be  dipped  in 
tepid-water,  and  should  remain  in  it  till  thoroughly 
soaked,  and  throughout  the  summer  they  should  be 
dipped  twice  or  thrice  a  week.  When  at  rest  the 
basket  should  be  hung  in  the  coolest  part  of  the 
house  away  from  the  drying  heat  of  the  pipes. 
Stanhopeas  should  only  be  rebasketed  when  abso- 
lutely necessary,  as  thev  dislike  all  disturbance  of  the 
roots.    (T.  35.) 

L(eHa  anctps  var.  Perdi'aliana. — Several  of  the  best 
forms  of  Laslia  anceps  were  figured  lately  in  the 
Gardeners'  Chronicle,  but  among  them  few  surpass 
in  beauty  the  above-named  variety.  The  sepals  and 
petals  are  rather  narrow  and  the  labellum  is  blunt, 
and  this,  combined  with  the  peculiar  arrangement 
of  the  tints,  readily  distinguishes  it  from  other  forms. 
L.  anceps  succeeds  best  in  a  Cattleya-house,  with  a 
temperature  i-auging  from  55°  in  the  winter  to  76° 
with  sun-heat,  in  summer.  It  is  best  gi-own  in  a 
suspended  basket  or  shallow  pan,  planted  in  light 
Orchid  compost.  Active  growth  commences  a  few 
weeks  after  the  flowering  season  is  past,  which,  in 
the  case  of  Percival's  variety,  is  in  February.  The 
pseudobulbs  will  then  begin  to  send  out  numerous 
small  roots,  and  as  soon  as  these  are  perceived  the 
plant  should  have  abundance  of  mcisture,  sunlight 
and  air.  During  active  growth  it  is  beneficial 
to  this,  as  well  as  to  other  Orchids  grown  under 
similar  conditions,  to  close  the  house  for  a  few  hours 
during  the  afternoon,  so  as  to  enable  the  plants  to 
benefit  by  the  warm,  moisture-laden  atmosphere, 
but  during  the  summer  the  house  should  be  venti- 
lated at  night.  Througliout  the  summer,  until 
autumn,  the  plants  must  have  plenty  of  water,  but 
during  October  and  November  they  should  be  kept 
dry  and  cool  in  order  to  give  them  a  decided  rest. 
When  the  flower-spikes  are  forming  in  autumn  great 
care  must  be  exercised  in  watering,  for  if  the  plants 
receive  too  little  the  spikes  will  be  impaired  in 
vigour,  and,  if  too  much,  danger  may  be  apprehended 
from  excessive  dampness.    (T.  36.) 


FLORISTS'  Flowers. 


THE  CARNATION  AND  PICOTEE. 

The  first  week  in  October  is  a  seasonable  time  to 
begin  potting.  In  previous  notes  on  these  plants  I 
may  have  alluded  to  the  weak  state  of  the  plants  in 
the  early  summer  months,  caused  by  the  unfavour- 
able weather  at  that  time,  and  not  from  any  inherent 
weakness  in  the  plants  themselves.  This  is  evident 
from  the  vigorous  state  of  the  plants  at  the  present 
time.  Layering  was  finished  about  the  first  week  in 
August,  and  the  favourable  weather  since  that  time 
has  induced  the  layers  to  root  freely. 

Those  who  grow  a  complete  collection  of  Carna- 
tions and  Picotees  should  have  them  arranged  in  a 
systematic  manner.  I  begin  with  the  scarlet  bizarre 
Carnations,  following  with  the  crimson  bizarres,  pink 
and  purple,  purple  flakes,  scarlet  flakes,  and  rose 
flakes.  Tliey  are  always  arranged  in  this  order  in 
the  schedules,  and  in  the  best  trade  lists.  The 
Picotees  are  arranged  thus : — heavy  red,  light  red, 
heavy  purple,  light  purple,  heavy  rose,  and  light  rose. 
Selfs  and  fancies  are  also  arranged  by  themselves. 
Yellow  ground  Picotees  follow  suit.    The  pots  con- 


taiuing  the  plants  generally  get  disarranged  during 
the  summer  and  autumn  months',  but  it  is  always 
best  to  arrange  them  in  regular  sequence  at  this 
time.  The  jjotting  soil  is  always  prepared  in  good 
time.  It  is  rather  liglit  in  its  character,  viz.,  two 
parts  loam,  free  from  wireworm,  one  part  leaf- 
mould,   one   of  sand,   and   a   little  decayed  stable- 

We  use  large  and  small  60-sized  pots  for  one  or 
two  plants  in  each.  Sometimes  a  plant  may  bei 
large  enough  for  the  larger  sized  pots,  but  we  usually 
plant  two  in  that  size.  When  potted  they  are 
arranged  in  frames  near  the  glass.  The  lights  have 
to  bo  kept  close  for  a  few  days  until  the  plants  have 
rooted  into  the  new  compost.  We  grow  many  selfs 
in  pots,  but  some  are  planted  out  in  the  open  ground, 
as  they  succeed  better,  and  liave  a  better  effect  in 
beds  and  borders  than  flakes  or  bizarres.  We  plant 
them  out  about  the  same  time  as  the  others  are 
potted.  I  fancy  the  sooner  they  become  established 
the  better.  It  is  only  fair  to  add.  that  the  best 
flowers  of  Carnations  and  Picotees  I  meet  with  in 
autumn  are  exhibited  at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  by 
growers  who  have  to  work  as  mechanics  by  day,  but 
they  are  very  enthusiastic.  One  grower  told  me  he 
slept  in  his  summer-house  at  blooming  time.  They 
plant  out  in  November,  in  well-worked  soil,  enriched 
by  the  sweepings  from  a  cattle  market.  This  is  the 
very  best  manure  for  Carnations.  -/.  Douglas. 


Colonial  Notes. 


THE  APPLE  INDUSTRY  OF  NOVA  SCOTIA. 

Thanks  to  the  Colonial  Exhibition,  and  other 
movements,  we  have  heard  a  great  deal  of  late  of  the 
Apples  of  Nova  Scotia.  There  seems  (said  Mr. 
Justice  Weatherbe)  some  misapprehension  among 
English  people  in  regard  to  the  Apple  industry  of 
Nova  Scotia.  The  province  consists  of  as  many  as 
eighteen  counties,  and  yet  the  inhabitants  of  only 
small  parts  of  three  counties — Hants,  King's,  and 
Annapolis — can  be  said  to  be  seriously  engaged  in 
Apple  culture.  Nearly  21,000  square  miles  the  pro- 
vince contains,  but  the  area  of  the  Apple  industr}' 
may  be  said  to  average  only  two  to  two  and  a  half 
miles  on  each  side  of  the  track  of  the  Windsor  and 
Annapolis  Railway,  eighty  miles  in  length,  in  what 
we  call  the  Western  Valleys ;  or,  again  taking  the 
average,  which  is  confirmed  by  men  with  a  knowledge 
of  sui"veying,  a  total  area  of  less  than  400  square 
miles.  And  of  this  400  square  miles  only  one- 
thirtieth  is  planted,  and  only  one-sixtieth  is  as  yet 
bearing,  though  the  whole  of  the  one-thirtieth  is 
rapidly  coming  into  bearing  also. 

The  conditions  are  exceptionally  favourable.  Last 
year  it  is  estimated  by  the  manager  of  the  Windsor 
and  Annapolis  Railway,  and  others  well  qualified  to 
speak;  that  300,000  barrels  were  produced,  yielding 
about  600,000  dols.  (say  £120,000).  The  outlay  for 
maintaining  a  bearing  orchard  as  compared  with  the 
producing  power  is  merely  nominal,  so  that  the  nett 
cash  yield  of  an  acre,  taking  the  price  of  Apples  at 
2  dols.,  would  be  at  least  150  dols.  (£30).  Many 
local  growers  would  deem  this  too  low  an  estimate, 
but  it  is  well  to  be  on  the  safe  side.  One  character- 
istic of  this  Apple-growing  belt  is  the  enormous 
average  yield.  Though  one  cannot  rely  on  excep- 
tional cases,  some  striking  instances  may  be  men- 
tioned. The  maximum  crops  from  one  tree  exceed 
anything  I  have  heard  of  other  countries.  The 
Warden  of  Kings  County,  Jlr.  Barclay  Webster,  a 
most  trustworthy  man,  found  on  inquiry  that  a  tree 
produced  as  many  as  26  barrels  last  year.  The  sea- 
son was  of  course  a  prolific  one,  and  I  myself  occa- 
sionally heard  of  from  18  to  20  barrels  to  the  tree. 
The  average  quantity  produced  is  about  75  to  100 
barrels  of  marketable  fruit  to  the  acre.  Though  I 
made  inquiries  when  in  each  country  I  could  not 
hear  of  anything  like  that  yield  in  Italy,  France, 
United  States,  or  Great  Britain  itself.  In  the 
United  States,  indeed,  to  judge  from  the  agricultural 
papers,  the  experience  would  seem  to  be  about  half 


408 


THE     GAB  DE  NEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


[October  1,  1887. 


that  yield.  It  is,  too,  a  characteristic  of  tlie  Apple 
growth  of  these  Western  Valleys  that  the  trees 
attain  great  size  and  bear  fruit  to  a  very  great  age. 
While  in  other  places,  and  in  some  of  the  fruit- 
growing districts  of  the  United  States,  as  I  find  from 
American  agricultural  journals,  a  tree  attains  its 
maturity  at  from  twenty-five  to  thirty  years,  we  have 
in  the  Western  Valleys  French  trees  which  must 
hiive  been  planted  200  years  ago,  and  yet  they  are 
bearing  now,  and  I  believe  an  ordinary  tree  does  not 
attain  its  maturity  with  us  until  it  is  seventy  years 
old.  This  of  itself,  it  is  said  with  reason,  should 
give  our  Api>le  growers  an  advantage  over  the 
producers  of  other  countries.  And  whatever  the 
price  may  be,  they  are  likely  always  to  obtain  a 
profit. 

The  Apple  requires  a  short  period,  six  to  eight 
weeks,  of  continuous  heat  in  the  season,  and  a  late 
season  in  the  spring,  together  with  a  clay  soil,  for 
development  under  the  most  favoured  circumstances. 
It  has  these  to  perfection  in  the  Western  Valleys. 
The  soil  is  magnificent,  and  the  basaltic  ridge  which 
runs  along  the  whole  length  of  the  valleys  protects 
them  from  the  cool  breezes  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
which  sweep  over  the  other  counties.  Botanists 
inform  me  that  tlie  blossom  of  the  Apple  tree  is  one 
of  the  most  delicate  nature,  and  in  a  soil  or  climate 
favourable  to  early  development,  late  frosts  or  rains 
are  likely  to  largely  decrease  the  crop.  Hot  weather 
in  the  autumn  also,  which  does  not  appertain  to 
Nova  Scotia,  tends  to  injure  the  productive  power  of 
the  tree. 

And  yet  only  one- thirtieth  of  the  valley  is  planted. 
But  the  fact  that  double  as  much  is  planted  as  is 
bearing  shows  how  rapidly  the  area  of  growth  is 
tending.  Yet  the  producers  are  nearly  all  farmeis 
first  and  Apple  growers  afterwards.  Tlie  orchards 
are  generally  only  from  1  to  5  acres  in  extent, 
attached  to  farms  of,  say,  100  to  200  acres.  Now, 
however,  the  farmers  are  fast  finding  out  that  their 
orchards  bring  them  the  most  money.  There  are 
many  cases  in  which  from  600  to  800  dols.  (£120  to 
£160)  have  been  obtained  from  1  acre  in  recent 
years,  and  I  have  heard  of  a  maximum  yield  in  one 
year  being  enough  to  cover  the  cost  of  the  purchase 
of  the  whole  land,  as  well  as  the  planting,  the 
fencing,  and  the  interest  on  the  money.  These 
cases,  however,  are  exceptional,  but  the  general  good 
returns  are  leading  farmers  to  pay  more  attention  to 
their  orchards,  and  it  is  certainly  time  they  did  so. 
As  you  stand  now  on  the  hills  you  do  not  see  a 
"  sea  of  orchards."  as  fancy  might  suggest,  but  simjily 
a  patch  here  and  a  patch  there,  though  the  condi- 
tions are  so  exceptionally  favourable  that  the  laud 
ought  to  be  cultivated  to  its  utmost. 

The  markets,  too,  are  rapidly  extending.  We  are 
looking  to  European  markets  now.  Sellers  tell  me 
that  our  Apples  stored  in  the  province  dui'ing  the 
winter  and  sent  here  in  the  spring,  will  bring  from 
22s.  to  30s.  per  barrel.  Of  course,  if  sent  over  in  the 
autumn  they  sell  for  a  smaller  price,  as  the  market 
is  well  supplied.  I  think  myself  that  our  people 
make  a  mistake  in  not  turning  their  attention  more 
to  the  late-keeping  Apples,  .and  ship  in  the  spring, 
rather  than  confining  themselves  almost  entirely  to 
autumn  shipments.  When  I  was  travelling  lately  iu 
Northern  Italy,  France,  and  elsewhere  in  South-west 
Europe,  I  found  Apples  on  the  table  at  every  place, 
but  they  were  worthless  compared  with  what  Nova 
Scotia  could  supply.  .Since  I  have  been  in  London 
I  have  been  informed  by  all  fruiterers  of  whom  I 
have  inquired  that  the  Golden  Russets,  Nonpareils, 
and  other  Nova  Scotia  varieties  of  the  Apple,  excel 
all  others  for  crispness  and  flavour  as  late  keepers. 
There  is,  indeed,  no  reason  why  these  Western 
Valleys  should  not  be  one  of  the  most  productive 
ipots  on  the  globe.  Last  year  about  40,000  barrels 
were  shipped  from  the  rivers  running  into  the  Bay  of 
Fundy  direct  to  New  York,  in  consequence  of  some 
little  temporary  difference  about  the  railway  rates, 
thus  showing  how  successfully  we  can  compete  with 
the  States  growers.  They  have  not  the  same  large 
crops,  while  our  quality  is  better.  Indeed,  I  have 
always  understood,  and  dealers  confirm  the  state- 


ment, that  in  quantity  and  quality  our  Apples  are 
better  than  any  in  the  late  markets. 

The  industry  is  a  very  old  one,  and  has  an  inter- 
esting history.  Nearly  two  hundred  years  ago  a 
report  was  made  by  a  Frenchman  at  Port  Royal  to 
the  authorities  at  home  in  France  in  which  lie  spoke 
of  that  place  as  a  little  Normandy  for  the  ]iroduc- 
tion  of  the  Apple.  Indeed,  for  from  eighty  to  a 
hundred  years  prior  to  the  expulsion  of  the  Acadians 
in  1755  the  industry  was  earned  on,  no  doubt  be- 
cause it  was  even  then  recognised  as  an  exception- 
ally favoured  district.  The  great  settlements  of  the 
French  in  those  days  were  between  Port  Royal  and 
Grand  Pro,  and  the  cultivation  of  the  Apple  was 
carried  on  then,  as  now,  right  along  these  Western 
Valleys. 

This  is  also  the  land  of  "Evangeline,"  made  famous 
by  the  hexameters  of  Longfellow.  After  a  six  days' 
voyage  to  Halifax,  the  English  tourist  can  reach  this 
orchard  region  in  two  to  three  hours  by  railway.  It 
was,  indeed,  owing  to  the  investment  of  English 
capital  in  the  railway,  and  the  recent  improved 
steamship  facilities,  that  the  surprising  qualities  of 
the  Nova  Scotia  Apples  became  established  in  Covent 
Garden.  There  is  little  capital  for  investment  in 
Nova  Scotia,  and  it  remains  to  be  seen  whether,  after 
proper  inquiry,  this  narrow  fruit  belt  shall  not  be 
entirely  occupied  and  planted  by  outsiders.  Several 
Englishmen,  after  visiting  the  district,  have  gone 
out  recently,  I  am  told,  to  commenoe  operations. 
The  Canadian  Gazette. 


DISEASE    OF    TOMATOS. 
Black   Spot   (Cladospoi!ium   LYooPEnsrci). 

It  has  been  thought  desirable  to  give  a  further 
illustration  of  the  disease  of  Tomatos  which  has 
attracted  so  much  attention  during  the  late  summer. 
The  disease  has  been  well  known  to  mycologists  and 
a  few  Tomato  growers  for  several  years,  but  during 
the  last  two  seasons  it  has  become  much  better 
known,  and  very  virulent.  Mr.  Plowright  first  illus- 
trated and  described  the  fungus  which  seems  to  be 
the  cause  of  the  ailment  in  the  Gardeners  Clironiclc 
for  November  12,  1881,  p.  621,  under  the  name  of 
Cladosporium  lycopersici.  Mr.  Plowright  describes 
different  phases  of  growth  of  the  fungus,  and  these 
phases  have  been  observed  by  ourselves,  although  not 
here  re-described. 

The  upper  part  of  fig.  80  shows  a  raceme  of 
Tomato  fruits  afflicted  with  black  spot :  it  will  be 
observed  that  the  fruits  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
illustration  are  most  affected,  and  the  lower  least  so  : 
had  another  fruit  been  present  at  the  bottom  it 
would  probably  have  merely  exiiibited  a  black  spot 
not  more  than  one-sixteenth  of  an  incli  in  diameter 
encircling  the  decayed  style.  A  peculiarity  of  the 
disease  is  the  remarkable  flattening  of  the  true  apex 
or  side  nearest  the  style  of  the  fruit.  The  nature  of 
Cladosporium  is  to  attack decayingvegetable  material, 
and  the  evidence  seems  to  show  that  C.  lycopersici 
first  attacks  the  decayed  remains  of  the  style  whilst 
the  fruits  are  small  and  green,  and  at  this  posi- 
tion the  mycelium  or  spawn  appears  to  gain  access 
to  the  interior  of  the  fruit.  The  fungus  grows 
sparingly  outside  the  fruits  on  the  black  patches, 
and,  when  enlarged  400  diameters,  is  seen  as  at  the 
bottom  right-hand  corner  of  the  illustration.  The 
spores  are  pale  brown  in  colour,  and  divided  by  one 
or  two  septa,  or  joints,  as  shown.  The  spores  occur 
on  the  fruits  in  all  stages  of  growth  and  germination. 
When  a  fruit  is  cut  longitudinally  in  two  the  exposed 
surface  is  seen  as  at  the  bottom  left-hand  corner. 
The  flattened  apex  is  here  very  marked,  and  the 
diseased  interior  is  jet  black,  tlie  disease  starting 
from  the  style  and  central  parts  of  the  fruit :  the  bhack 
interior  is  generally  hard,  and  in  some  examples  re- 
markably so.  Very  little  mycelium  can  be  seen  with 
the  microscope  in  the  hard  dead  and  black  parts, 
but  it  is  abundant  between  the  dead  and  living 
parts.  The  disease  is  not  confined  to  any  variety,  or 
to  any  mode  of  culture,  such  as  described  in 
"  A.  D.'s"  letter  on  p.  379,  but  it  attacks  .ill  varie- 
ties alike,  and  however  grown ;  such  is  our  experi- 


ence as  founded  on  communications  and  examples 
from  many  different  correspondents.  The  disease 
may  not  be  precisely  alike  in  liabit  in  all  gardens  ; 
and,  as  far  as  we  can  learn,  it  never  attacks  the 
leaves.  Certain  otlier  species  of  Cladosporium  (or 
Ileterosporium)  are  known  to  be  capable  of  living  as 
true  parasites,  and  the  destructive  fungus  before  us 
certainly  seems  to  go  on  living  iis  a  parasite  after 
having  made  its  first  attack  on  the  minute  dead  speck 
represented  by  the  dead  Tomato  style.  This  disease 
has  nothing  to  do  with  the  disease  of  Tomatos 
described  by  us  on  p.  167.  JVurl/uiic/toii  G.  Smith, 
Bimstahk. 


The  Orchid  Houses. 


Gettino  Ready  fob  Wintee. — It  will  be  well  to 
look  through  the  section  of  warm-house  Orchids  for 
any  summer-growing  species  which  have  made  slow 
progress,  and  such  plants  should  be  placed  in  the 
most  favourable  position  to  finish  their  growth — 
either  at  the  warmest  end  of  the  house,  or  in  the 
house  with  the  next  highest  temperature.  Anguloas 
will  grow  freely  with  cool-house  Orchids  during 
summer,  but  require  the  temperature  of  the  inter- 
mediate-house in  the  autumn  to  complete  their 
growth. 

Phalainopsis  should  be  put  in  order  now  for  the 
winter,  by  picking  out  the  worn-out  material ;  very 
little  sphagnum  will  suffice  during  the  winter,  and  if 
there  is  sufficient  growing  about  the  plants  it  is 
better  for  re-dressing  them  than  new  would  be.  The 
flowers  of  Vanda  Sanderiana  and  V.  coerulea  will  be 
improved  in  colour  if  the  plants  be  kept  well  up  to 
the  roof  while  the  buds  are  forming;  and  plants  of 
Lielia  marginata  and  L.  Dayana  which  may  have 
been  grown  in  a  cool-house  may  now  be  placed  in 
the  Cattleya-house  to  open  their  flowers,  a  drier  and 
warmer  treatment  being  adopted,  to  prevent  the 
flowers  from  decaying  from  damp.  Dendrobiunis 
that  are  being  rested  in  a  night  temperature  of  about 
50°  should  be  well  cleansed  from  scale  or  otlier 
insects  before  the  flower-buds  begin  to  show,  the 
resting  season  of  deciduous  Dendrobiums  always 
offering  a  good  opportunity  to  free  them  of  thrips  by 
fumigating  strongly  once  a  week  for  two  or  three 
weeks  in  succession. 

Miltonia  vexillaria  should  now  be  in  congenial 
quiirters,  such  as  a  Cattleya-house,  although  they 
seem  to  require  a  rather  raoister  atmosphere  than 
suits  most  Cattleyas.  Of  Cattleya  miixima,  Back- 
house's variety,  now  flowering  here,  is  much  richer 
in  colour  than  the  ordinary  type,  which  is  more  free 
with  us,  one  pseudobulb  last  year  carrying  nine 
flowers.  Some  of  the  evils  often  attending  Orchid 
growing  at  this  season  of  the  year  is  affording  too 
much  shading,  and  watering  in  excess  of  the  needs  of 
the  plants,  and  syringing.  It  may  be  assumed  that 
it  is  safer  to  keep  Cattleyas  on  the  dry  side,  espe- 
cially such  as  have  not  yet  matured  their  growth. 
During  bright  sunny  days  keep  the  paths,  walls  and 
stages  damp  in  those  houses  whence  the  shading  has 
been  removed.  C.  Woo/ford,  Downside. 


Plants  and  Their  Culture. 


SIiGNONETTE. — Few  flowers  in  winter  are  more 
appreciated  than  Mignonette  ;  its  perfume,  combined 
with  its  endurance  when  cut  and  placed  in  water 
makes  it  an  invaluable  subject  at  all  times.  Plants 
raised  in  small  pots  about  the  end  of  June,  and  grown 
on  as  single  specimens,  should  now  be  well  established 
in  10-inch  pots,  and  provided  their  shoots  have  been 
stopped  and  not  allowed  to  blossom,  they  should  be 
in  a  fit  state  to  yield  a  good  supidy  of  flowers  during 
the  winter  and  early  spring.  'The  Mignonette  will 
not  thrive  during  winter  under  any  kind  of  treatment, 
but  it  must  have  a  light  place  near  the  glass,  good 
ventilation  both  night  and  day  whenever  the  weather 
is  favourable,  and  just  enough  warmth  afforded  it 
to  keep  it  growing.  Occasional  doses  of  weak  liquid 
manure  are  of  benefit,  and  it  should  not  be  allowed 
to  form  seed. 

Cyclamen. — We  may  now  expect  such  weather  as 
will  require  the  removal  of  these  plants  from  cool 
pits  to  their  winter  quarters,  where  they  should  be 
kept  near  the  glass,  to  prevent  their  foliage  and 
flowers  from  getting  drawn,  while  a  damp  atmosphere 
should  be  avoided,  likewise  very  low  temperatures. 


October  1,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENEBS'     GHBONICLE. 


409 


"We  like  to  aHbrd  ours,  during  winter,  suilicient 
warmth,  by  slightly  heating  the  hot-water  pipes,  to 
prevent  the  temperature  falling  below  45  at  any 
time  ;  and  we  open  the  ventilators  sufficiently  wide 
to  cause  a  circulation  of  air  as  often  as  the  weather 
will  permit.  Shading  sliould  have  been  discontinued 
ere  this,  and  syringing  will  no  longer  be  requisite. 
A  simple  remedy  for  aphis  on  the  plants,  should  it 
appear,  is  to  dip  the  whole  of  the  foliage  into  diluted 
tobacco-watei'. 

Primulas. — The  varieties  of  P.  sinensis  must  also 
soon  be  put  into  a  safe  place.  We  winter  ours  in  a 
house  with  the  Cyclamens,  giving  them  a  similar 
position  near  the  glass.  One  of  the  chief  points  in 
the  management  of  the  Primula  lies  in  the  discreet 
use  of  the  water-pot,  for  they  cannot  endure  a  soil 
sodden  with  water,  or  to  have  their  foliage  or  stems 
wet  during  the  dull  months,  the  double  varieties 
being  particularly  impatient  in  this  respect.  The 
early  batch  of  plants  may  now  be  allowed  to  blossom 
if  they  are  required.  P.  obconica  is  a  persistent 
flowering  kind,  almost  hardy,  and  useful  alike  for 
cntting  purposes  and  pot  culture. 

East  Luthian  Stock. — Of  these  the  white  variety  is 
far  the  best  for  pot-culture.  Plants  treated  as 
advised  in  the  Calendar  for  May  21  will  soon  need  to 
be  lifted,  and  potted  into  32"s  ;  most  of  them  will  have 
blossomed,  and  the  double  ones,  as  soon  as  they 
could  be  distinguished,  should  have  been  marked,  and 
had  their  blossoms  removed.  They  do  well  in  a 
compost  of  loam  mixed  with  a  fair  quantity  of  rotten 
manure  and  crushed  mortar.  When  potted  they  may 
be  placed  in  a  cool  frame,  syringed  daily,  and  shaded 
until  they  can  endure  the  sun.  In  winter  a  liglit 
airy  house  or  pit,  where  they  are  preserved  from 
frost,  should  be  aflbrded  them,  and  in  February  a 
shiit  be  given  into  pots  a  size  larger,  when  they  may 
be  gently  forced  into  blossom.  As  soon  as  well 
rooted  in  their  flowering  pots  they  will  require  feed- 
ing, and  nothing  suits  better  than  soot  occasionally 
sprinkled  upon  the  surface  of  the  soil  and  watered 
in.   T.  Coomber,  Hcndrc  Gardens. 


Home  Correspondence. 


THE  CRANE-FLY.— In  this  district  (north-west 
Middlesex)  we  are  having  quite  a  plague  of  the  Crane- 
fly,  or  Daddy-longlegs  (Tipula  oleracea).  Gardens, 
pastures,  and  houses  alike  are  infested  with  them. 
Evidently  the  late  hot  dry  summer  has  been  most 
favourable  to  their  development,  and  if  their  larva?, 
the  leather-jacket  grub,  is  as  plentiful  in  proportion 
next  spring,  we  shall  have  a  lively  time  with  young 
crops.  In  gardens  every  means  should  be  taken  to 
destroy  the  fly  before  it  has  time  to  deposit  its  eggs,  the 
female  fly  being  capable  of  laying  about  300.  Gardens 
well  stocked  with  birds  will  receive  now  someTcom- 
pensation  for  what  little  fruit  was  taken  by  the^birds 
in  the  earlier  part  of  the  season  ;  blackbirds,  thrushes, 
and  even  sparrows  have  been  busy  with  us  eating  the 
fly ;  swallows  have  also  rendered  good  service  in 
eating  and  destroying  large  numbers.  Juhn  W.  Odetl, 
Pimier, 

AMPELOPSIS  VEITCHII.— This  plant  has  flowered 
freely  during  ttie  summer  in  this  vicinity,  and  now 
bears  flowers  and  fruit  together  in  clusters.  The 
berries  are  in  bunches  like  Grapes,  and  are  still  green. 
Is  it  not  uncommon  ?  G.  P..  Jidgbaston.     [Yes.] 


WATERING  ORCHIDS.— The  past  summer  has 
certainly  been  an  exceptional  one.  and  the  difficulty 
many  gardeners  have  found  in  regard  to  a  constant 
supply  of  water  will  be  long  remembered.  It  may  not 
happen  again  in  a  lifetime,  yet  if  we  should  happen  to 
have  a  dry  October  I  fear  in  some  cases  those  tanks 
which  have  but  a  scanty  supply  of  rain-water  will 
again  run  short.  This  being  the  case,  it  will  be  wise 
to  be  careful  in  the  use  of  rain-water,  and  let  the 
dampings-down  be  done  witli  any  other  kind  of 
water.  Do  not  use  any  but  the  former  for  watering 
Orchids.  The  injurious  eflect  following  the  neglect 
of  this  rule  has  been  brought  under  my  notice  by 
several  good  gardeners,  each  and  all  of  whom  afiirm 
that  since  the  regular  supply  of  rain-water  has  been 
much  reduced,  and  hard  water  used,  much  evil  has 
resulted,  and  fear  is  felt  that  the  consequences  will 
prove  serious  at  a  later  period.  Soft  water,  such  as 
is  supplied  to  many  of  the  districts  of  towns  in  the 
North — as,  for  instance,  the  pure  water  of  Manchester 
and  its  neighbourhood — or  clear  rain-water  run  from 
the  roofs  of  dwelling-houses  and  glass  erections 
into    capacious    tanks,    is    the   best    for    Orchids. 


Some  hard-wooded  plants  are  speedily  injuriously 
affected  when  hard  water  is  employed ;  but  the 
roots  of  Orchids  outside  the  pots  that  have  the 
syringe  used  amongst  them  occasionally,  are  sure  to 
suffer  harm,  and  in  time  shrivel  up  and  die.  I  speak 
more  of  those  places  where  the  supply  of  rain-water 
has  fallen  short,  and  the  other  (hard)  water  come  into 
use.  I  am  well  aware  that  round  London  much  hard 
limey  water  is  used,  and  but  little  harm  seems  to 
follow  ;  still,  even  in  that  locality,  it  is  much  better 
to  store  the  Jsoft  rain-water  if  it  can  be  done,  and 
use  only  that  on  the  plants,  and  the  other  for 
damping  down  and  washing  out   Vanda,  Sept.  24. 

CLOVE  CARNATION.— Paul  Engleheart  is  a  plant 
for  every  garden,  and  it  is  good  news  to  hear  that  it 
is  now  within  the  reach  of  all  who  desire  to  grow  the 
best  flowers.  It  is  a  dark  crimson  Clove,  of  dwarf, 
sturdy  habit,  very  free-flowering,  and  of  hardy  and 
strong  constitution.    The  flowers  are  carried  nearly 


Flu.  89.— TOMATO  DISEASE. 


erect  on  short  stiff'  stalks  that  need  no  staking.  The 
colour  is  one  of  the  richest  forms  of  the  deep  scarlet- 
crimson  of  the  old  Clove,  and  the  scent  the  most  sweet 
and  powerful  of  its  class.  From  its  dwarf  habit  and  free 
blooming  property  it  is  more  suitable  than  any  Car- 
nation I  am  acquainted  with  for  growing  in  beds  or 
large  patches,  and  the  same  good  qualities  make  it 
valuable  for  a  long-continued  supply  of  cut  flowers. 
G.  Jekyll,  Mmistead,  Godalming, 

EXTRAORDINARY   CROP   OF    POTATOS.— It  may 

interest  your  readers  to  see  the  benefit  a  change  of 
land  has  on  the  Potato  cro|i.  I  learnt  from  a  man 
who  has  been  in  the  gardens  here  more  than  forty 
years,  that  there  had  never  been  Potatos  planted  on 
one  of  the  quarters  in  the  kitchen  garden  since  he 
came,  and,  it  being  Jubilee  year,  we  planted  this 
quarter,  under  the  old  Apple  trees.  We  all  know 
the  summer  was  a  very  dry  and  warm  one,  and  the 
cry  went  up  that  we  should  not  have  any  large  quan- 
tity of  Potatos ;  however,  with  all  this  the  result  of 
the  change  in  this  garden  was  wonderful.  The  first 
week  in  April  I  put  my  Potatos  in,  the  sorts  being 


Sutton's  Seedling,  Kusset,  Abundance,  and  Kegent, 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  Pride  of  Leeds  Castle,  Ohio, 
Perkins'  Snowdrop,  White  Elephant  —  the  White 
Elephant  being  the  largest  sets,  although  all  were 
first-class  in  every  respect.  Of  White  Elephant 
there  were  four  rows  of  45  yards  each,  the  produce 
of  which  amounted  to  19  bushels ;  weight  9  cwt.  45  lb. 
Thirty-three  Potatos  weighed  57  lb.,  and  filled  a 
bushel  basket ;  six  weighed  13  lb.,  and  one  weighed 
3  lb.  7  oz. ;  and  these  tubers  are  here  to  be  seen. 
Any  one  wishing  to  grow  a  few  good  sorts  should 
try  any  of  those  I  have  mentioned.  The  quarter 
where  the  Potatos  were  formerly  grown  is  now 
planted  with  winter  stufl'  of  various  kinds,  the  change 
for  these  being  equally  good.  William  Lewis,  Leeds 
Castle  Gardens,  Kent.  [We  should  have  thought  no 
gardener  of  the  present  day  would  continue  to  crop 
a  quarter  of  his  garden  with  Potatos  year  after  year. 
It  would  get  "  Potato-sick."  Ed.] 

GRAFTED  RHODODENDRONS.— In  planting  Rho- 
dodendrons on  anything  like  a  large  scale,  only  those 
on  their  own  roots  sliould  be  used.  Grafted  plants, 
unless  in  a  very  limited  number  indeed,  should  be 
carefully  avoided,  for  K.  ponticum  is  a  deal  cheaper, 
and  will  have  much  the  same  efl'ect  in  the  long  run. 
Of  this  fact  I  became  more  painfully  aw.are  than  ever 
this  summer  when  visiting  in  the  time  of  Rhodo- 
dendrons a  gentleman  to  whom,  some  fifteen  years 
since,  in  the  days  of  my  ignorance,  I  pvesented  a 
large  number  of  the  best  varieties  of  Khododendrons 
which  were  planted  in  masses  in  the  shrubberies  and 
round  the  lake.  Instead  of  the  varied  and  beautiful 
colours  which  should  have  greeted  my  eyes,  I  beheld 
everywhere  a  dull  mass  of  ponticums,  only  here  and 
there  relieved  by  a  relic  of  brighter  hue,  to  show 
what  might  have  been  had  I  only  foreseen  the  fatal 
result  of  presenting  gi-afted  plants  to  my  friend. 
Neglect,  no  doubt ;  but  in  a  neighbouring  garden 
where  Khododendrons  are  a  specialty,  and  no  expense 
is  spared — and  where,  moreover,  I  was  assured  the 
stock  growths  were  cut  away  every  year  most  carefully 
— the  same  process  of  deterioration  was  apparent,  and 
I  detected  several  rogues  which  had  certainly  not  been 
invited.  Such  will  ever  be  the  case  unless  plants  on 
their  own  roots  are  used.  Life  is  short,  so  are  most 
people's  memories.  Grafted  Rhododendrons  are  a 
woeful  snare— a  delusion.  The  cutting  is  sure  to  be 
neglected  ;  and  even  were  it  not  so — Le  jeii  ne  miit 
jias  la  cliandelle.  Eocks. 

TOBACCO  IN  CHESHIRE.— I  send  for  your  inspec- 
tion and  opinion  two  plants  of  Tobacco,  taken  from 
a  crop  of  about  six  or  seven  dozen :  the  ones  sent  are 
about  the  average,  both  in  height  and  length  of  leaf. 
They  have  received  no  special  treatment,  and  are  the 
produce  of  an  ordinary  packet  of  Nicotiana  tabacum. 
They  were  sown  in  a  pan  and  pricked  thence  when 
large  enough,  into  boxes,  and  planted  outdoors,  when 
large  enough  in  themiddle  of  May,  3  feet  apart  between 
rows,  and  2  feet  from  plant  to  plant,  in  a  sheltered 
corner  of  the  kitchen  garden  here,  soil  moderately 
rich,  with  a  slight  dressing  of  mixed  manure  chiefly 
leaf-soil,  and  received  no  further  attention,  except  dis- 
budding occasionally.  Of  course  we  have  had  an  ex- 
ceptionally warm  summer,  for  this  part  of  the  country 
especially,  but  I  think  if  produce  anything  equalling 
this  could  be  relied  on  as  the  result  of  an  average 
summer,  that  a  crop  exceeding  in  value  anything 
produced  at  present  in  this  neighbourhood  might  be 
obtained,  provided  always  that  suitable  and  fair 
arrangements  could  be  come  to  with  the  authorities. 
West  Cheshire.  [Too  well  grown,  the  ribs  of  the  leaves 
having  become  so  thick  that  much  loss  would  accrue 
in  manufacture.  The  grossest  plants  make  usually 
the  worst  "  weed."  Ed.] 

EFFECT  OF  STOCK  UPON  SCION.— There  are 
some  trees  of  Tilia  europa^a  laciniata  in  the  pleasure- 
grounds  here,  and  one  of  them  affords  a  rather  re- 
markable instance  of  the  effect  a  stock  sometimes 
has  upon  a  scion.  The  tree  in  question  is  some 
45  feet  in  height,  with  a  bole  of  about  6  feet  in 
height  before  it  branches,  above  which  the  branches 
are  very  numerous,  as  is  characteristic  to  the  variety. 
The  common  Lime  (T.  europaia)  has  been  used  as  a 
stock,  as  is  evinced  from  suckers,  the  union  being  at 
the  ground  level.  The  peculiarity  is  first  shown 
upon  a  branch  which  breaks  from  the  stem  about 
8  feet  from  the  ground,  and  the  branch  divides  into 
three  equally  sized  leads  at  3  feet  from  the  stem, 
each  of  the  trio  being  distinct  in  character,  one  being 
T.  e.  laciniata,  a  second  T,  europ.a'a,  and  the  re- 
maining one  intermediate  in  form  between  these. 
This  may  not  be  generally  interesting  but  it  is  so  to 
me,  and  I  should  be  glad  to  know  if  T.  e.  laciniata  is, 


410 


THE    GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  1,  1887. 


as  I  suspect,  a  sport  from  T.  europwa  ?  [Doubtless] 
and  if  the  intermediate  form  is  a  named  variety 
already  common  ?  [We  think  not.]  I  may  mention 
there  is  another  small  branch  of  the  intermediate 
form  near  to  the  summit  of  the  tree,  and  herewith, 
I  forward  specimens  of  each  for  comparison.  Thomas 
Coomher,  The  Hcndre  Gardens. 

WHEELER'S  TOM  THUMB  CABBAGE  LETTUCE.— 
This  Lettuce  is  said  to  be  quite  distinct  from  the 
Tennis  Ball,  and  is  suited  equally  for  winter  and 
summer  culture.  It  is  much  grown  in  many  parts 
of  the  country.  A. 

THE  NEW  TOMATO  DISEASE.— This  disease  in 
the  Tomato  appears  to  be  partial  to  certain  varieties, 
especially  the  more  vigorous  gi'owers ;  out  of  five 
varieties  growing  in  one  house  I  only  found  one 
affected  with  it,  namely,  Sutton's  Conqueror  ;  nearly 
every  fruit  on  this  variety  has  gone  off  exactly  as 
your  correspondent  describes  on  p.  o70,  although 
growing  under  the  same  circumstances  as  the  others, 
while  outdoors  I  have  not  seen  the  slightest  signs  of 
it  on  any  variety.  From  the  discoloration  I  should  say 
that  the  disease  is  very  nearly  allied,  if  not  a  form  of 
l*eronosporainfestans.  P. Conway, Muntham,Worthivg. 

POTATO  SCAB. — Referring  to  Mr.  Willis'  note  in 
your  issue  of  the  20th  ult.,  p.  228,  as  to  the  results 
which  German  investigators  have  aiTived  at  respect- 
ing the  origin  and  cure  of  the  Potato  scab,  my 
experience  as  a  practical  cultivator  leads  me  to 
believe  that  science  has  not  yet  arrived  at  the  cause 
or  causes  of  this  affection.  For  many  3'ears  I  culti- 
vated Potatos  on  a  dry  and  well-drained  limestone 
soil,  and  in  more  than  one  garden  where  the  soil 
consisted  of  town  humus  with  a  good  deal  of  old 
mortar  and  limestone  debris  of  buildings,  and  I  never 
recollect  having  seen  a  crop  dug  there  altogether  free 
from  the  scab,  and  wliich  was  always  largely  present 
and  in  greater  proportion  in  dry  hot  seasons.  About 
twenty  years  ago  I  tried  the  effect  of  planting  a  dozen 
rows  of  the  Myatt's  Ashleaf  variety — one  row  left 
unraanured  and  the  remaining  rows  treated  with 
stable  dung,  malt-dust,  guano,  soot,  bone-dust,  super- 
phosphate, slaked  lime,  a  nitrogenous  compound,  and 
the  other  rows  with  different  manures,  but  which  did 
not  include  either  burnt  refuse,  kainit,  or  any  specific 
wliich  would  be  likely  to  contain  potash  salts,  each 
row  being  treated  with  the  one  kind  of  manure  only. 
The  season  proved  a  dry  one,  and  on  lifting  the  crop 
I  could  see  no  perceptible  difference  in  the  rows,  the 
tubers  from  all  being  alike  very  scabby,  so  I  gave  up 
further  investigation.  I  have,  however,  seen  good 
clean  samples  of  Ashleaf  taken  from  a  similar  garden, 
but  where  the  soil  was  somewhat  deeper,  containing 
more  humus  and  less  lime  nibbish,  and  was  annually 
manured  almost  solely  with  cinder  ashes.  I  have 
once  grown  Potatos  on  a  considerable  scale  on  light 
pandy  and  well  drained  clay  soil  in  North  Beds, 
manuring,  if  at  all,  moderately  with  stable  dung ;  and 
there  I  have  met  with  less  of  the  scab,  although  it 
has  appeared  from  time  to  time,  especially  in  dry 
seasons,  showing  itself  more  in  some  varieties  than 
in  others.  When  I  have  not  had  stable  dung,  and  I 
considered  the  ground  insufficiently  fortified,  or 
where  I  have  looked  for  a  clean  crop,  I  have  used 
occasionally  burnt  or  half-cliarred  garden  refuse  or 
potash  manures,  and  where  either  of  these  were  sown 
in  the  rows  at  planting  the  tubers  have  come  fairly 
free  from  scab  ;  but  this  season  on  digging  the  early 
sorts,  whether  potash  manures  or  stable  dung  had 
been  used,  the  samples  are  generally  scabby  and  much 
under  size,  the  potash  salts  for  want  of  moisture 
being  still  undissolved  and  visible  in  the  soil.  I  have 
also  grown  Potatos  this  and  last  season  as  a  clean- 
ing crop  on  stiff  boulder  clay  laud  in  Bedford  much 
out  of  condition,  but  recently  well  drained  and  the 
crop  unmanured.  Last  year,  which  was  compara- 
tively a  dry  season,  part  of  it  was  planted  with  the  white 
Beauty  of  Hebron,  an  early  variety,  and  the  tubers 
when  dug  showed  a  good  deal  of  scab ;  later  sorts, 
which  made  their  growth  after  rain,  coming,  how- 
ever, perfectly  clear  of  it.  This  year  other  parts  of 
the  land  w^re  planted  with  about  forty  different  sorts, 
the  land  at  tlie  time  being  very  dry  and  rough  ;  and 
on  recently  lifting  the  earlies,  which  had  but  one 
slight  rain  from  planting  to  dig-day.  I  found  the  soil 
almost  in  the  same  condition  as  at  planting,  and 
pome  of  the  varieties  excessively  scabby,  whilst  other 
f-urts  grown  in  adjoining  rows  were  nearly  free  from 
the  affection.  1  have  never  grown  Potatos  on  wet 
land,  but  I  have  seen  large  quantities  lifted  in  the 
f'-ns  of  Hunts,  and  whenever  scab  appeared  it  was 
invariably  in  the  dry  and  well-drained  parts,  those 
grown  on  the  wetter  lands  coming  cleaner  samples, 


although  dark  coloured.  I  feel  convinced  therefore 
that  if  moisture  be  at  all  a  cause  of  the  disease  it  is 
not  the  sole  cause,  and  that  stable  manure  does  not 
greatly  increase  it.  On  the  other  hand  I  am  inclined 
to  think  there  is  sompthing  in  Mr.  Willis'  suggestion, 
that  the  morbid  condition  of  the  cuticle  may  be  due 
to  fungoid  growth,  and  that  the  spores  take  root 
where  the  skin  has  sustained  some  slight  injury  ;  and 
it  seems  likely  that  injuries  might  be  due  either  to 
punctures  from  the  shar;*  points  of  stones,  lime 
rubbi.'^h,  or  other  sharp  mineral,  or  even  Couch-grass, 
eartliworms.  or  insects  and  their  larv'ic  ;  and  is  it  not 
possible  that  the  latter  in  dry  seasons  like  the 
present,  although  not  necessarily  vegetable  feeders, 
may  resort  to  the  cuticle  of  the  Potato  for  moisture, 
and  so  start  the  injury?  It  would  seemtiiat  in  some 
varieties  the  cuticle  is  more  delicate,  and  conse- 
quently less  able  to  combat  the  fungus  attacks  than 
in  others,  and  that  where  the  growth  of  the  tuber  is 
slow  or  checked  the  fungus  has  more  opportunity  to 
secure  a  hold.  The  varieties  which  are  most  severely 
affected  this  season  are  those  of  a  solid,  heavy,  and 
dry  texture  and  yellowish  colour,  and  which  appa- 
rently contain  the  most  nutriment ;  but  in  no  case 
do  I  find  that  the  quality  of  the  tuber  is  injuriously 
affected  by  the  presence  of  scab.  I  think  that  burnt 
garden  refuse,  cinder-ashes,  and  potash  salts,  as  pro- 
bably being  unfavourable  to  fungoid  growth,  are,  at 
least,  partial  preventives  of  the  evil,  which  is  cer- 
tainly more  prevalent  in  dry  soils  than  in  wet,  and  in 
dry  seasons  than  in  wet.  T,  La.vftiH.  Bedford. 

GROS  COLMAR  GRAPE  IN  AN  UNHEATED 
HOUSE.^I  send  you  a  sample  of  Gros  Colmar  Grape 
grown  all  the  summer  throughout  with  full  ventila- 
tion night  and  day.  The  Vine  was  started  early  in 
the  year,  with  very  little  fire-heat ;  the  roots  are  out- 
side, and  no  water  whatever  was  afforded,  except  by 
rainfall.  6^.  Solas,  Hopcton.  [The  Grapes  were  large 
in  berry,  very  well  coloured,  and  of  good  flavour.  Ed.] 

LILIUM  AURATUM. — I  notice  in  your  last  issue 
(p.  378)  record  of  a  splendid  clump  of  this  Lily 
planted  out.  It  has  not  been  my  fortune  to  see  one 
like  this,  which  I  believe  are  far  from  common.  This 
species  of  Lily  is  usually  grown  as  a  pot  plant,  and  a 
most  showy  one  it  is.  This  year  we  had  several  very 
fine  ones,  and  on  reference  to  my  note-book  I  found 
notice  of  one  pot  which  bore  157  flowers.  The  pot 
was  a  12-inch  one.  Four  bulbs  were  placed  in  the 
pot,  and  there  were  seven  spikes  of  flowers  produced, 
one  of  which  carried  fifty-nine  flowers,  two  others 
from  one  root  having  respectively  thirty-two,  and 
forty-five  flowers.  It  was  a  very  handsome  pot  of 
Lilies,  as  the  blossoms  were  nearly  all  out  together. 
On  one  spike  in  another  pot  there  were  seventy 
flowers.  The  most  of  these  were  from  selected 
imported  bulbs  of  last  year,  so  it  will  be  seen  that 
with  ordinary  care  the  species  did  \evy  well.  The 
treatment  was  as  follows: — Each  bulb  was  planted 
in  a  single  pot,  potted  so  that  half  the  bulbs  were 
exposed  as  soon  as  they  had  young  stems 
an  inch  or  so  long.  I  had  those  made  up 
into  their  flowering-pots,  four  bulbs  in  each.  They 
were  then  set  in  the  Heath-house,  where  they  grew 
away,  and  flowered  as  mentioned.  I  have  not  had 
such  good  success  with  imported  bulbs  the  first  year 
before.  This  Lilium  seems  to  delight  in  turfy  loam, 
amongst  which  there  is  a  good  portion  of  half-rotten 
leaves,  which  they  root  in  freely.  li.  M.,  Sept.  24. 

If  Lily  growers  are  to  accept  Mr.   Ware's 

dictum  (see  p.  311)  respecting  the  forms  of  L. 
speciosum,  it  would  appear  that  we  have  only  now 
discovered  what  the  true  L.  speciosum  album 
really  is;  which,  then,  is  the  variety  under  this 
name  having  the  purplish-broivn  stem  and  buds,  and 
of  which  thousands  upon  thousands  have  already 
been  distributed  ?  Of  this  white-flowered  form 
Mr.  Ware  observes — "  There  seems  to  be  some  con- 
fusion," though  he  does  not  appear  to  realise  how 
much  he  is  assisting  in  such  confusion.  At  the  pre- 
sent moment  I  know  of  three  different  names  for 
this  particular  Lily  ;  there  is  the  one  alluded  to 
above,  i.e.  L.  speciosum  album  veinim,  and  adopted 
by  Mr.  Ware ;  then  there  is  L.  speciosum 
album  novum,  adopti'd  by  Messrs.  Gordon ;  and 
there  is  I^.  speciosum  album  grandidum  [!],  as  adopted 
by  Messrs.  Collins  Bros.  &  Gabriel.  I  further 
know  of  a  fourth  nurseryman  having  this  iden- 
tical form,  but  I  am  not  aware  that  he  has 
as  yet  christened  this  new  comer,  but  should 
he  do  so,  or  should  half-a-do/.en  other  nurserymen 
become  possessors  of  this  Lily,  and  each  adopt  their 
own  name,  there  will  be  no  end  to  the  confusion. 
The  form  in  question  belongs  to  the  section  having 
green   stems  and   buds,  and  is  very  distinct;   and, 


apart  from  the  purity  of  the  blossoms  individually', 
the  rachis  on  the  reverse  of  the  segments  is  pure 
white  also,  a  characteristic  not  found  in  any  other  of 
this  group.  In  one  or  two  cases  the  rachis  is  cream, 
but  in  no  instance  have  those  with  yellow  anthers  a 
green  backbone — a  character  always  accompanying 
Kraetzeri,  which,  by  the  way,  requires  an  amount  of 
beating.  AVell-marked  forms  of  anything  are  deserving 
distinguishing  names,  but  we  must  draw  the  line 
somewhere.  Even  in  L.  s.  Kraetzeri  there  is  a  great 
deal  of  variation,  and  I  suppose  always  will  be  in 
collected  plants,  which  for  the  most  part  are  seed- 
lings ;  only  to-day  I  took  four  blooms  of  Kraetzeri 
from  one  plant — the  one  much  stained  with  red,  the 
other  only  slightly,  while  the  remaining  two  were  as 
pure  as  one  could  wish.  In  some  flowers  the  green 
star  in  the  centre  is  replaced  by  a  cream-coloured 
one,  which  does  not  improve  it.  Some  flowers,  too, 
are  perfectly  revolute,  others  very  closely  imitate  a 
starfish,  but  with  the  points  of  the  divisions  more  or 
less  twisted  ;  and  differences  such  as  these  are  to  be 
found  on  the  self-same  plant.  The  pure  white  form 
with  yellow  anthers  is,  however,  distinct  from  all, 
though  it  is  by  no  means  so  rare  as  Mr.  Ware  appears 
to  imagine.  In  my  case  the  date  of  its  flowering  is 
identical  with  that  of  Kraetzeri,  unless  a  point  is  to 
be  strained  for  three  or  four  days,  which  is  all  the  dif- 
ference betwixt  it  and  Kraetzeri  ;  and  as  far  as  I  can 
see  at  present,  they  will  continue  and  finish  about 
equal.  Your  correspondent  also  appears  to  have 
both  in  flower  together.  I  enclose  some  blooms 
showing  the  variations  of  whicli  I  speak.    E.  Jenkins. 


Societies. 


BOYAL    HORTICULTURAL. 

Tuesday,  September  27. — The  chief  interest  of 
the  above  meeting,  whicli  was  held  in  the  conserva- 
tory, centred  in  the  large  and  comprehensive  collec- 
tion of  Tomatos  from  the  Society's  garden  at 
Chiswick,  and  in  the  various  trade  and  other  collec- 
tions of  Dahlias  of  all  sections. 

Floral  Committee. 

Present ;  Shirley  Hibberd,  Esq.,  in  the  chair  ;  and 
Messrs.  W.  Goldring,  H.  Bennett,  J.  H.  Lowe,  H. 
Herbst,  G.  Duffield,  G.  Paul,  J.  Eraser,  K.  Dean, 
W.  Holmes,  C.  Noble,  H.  Ballantine,  J.  Domiuv,  H. 
M.  PoUett,  A.  F.  Lendv,  T.  Baines,  E.  Hill,  B. 
Wynne,  J.  Douglas,  W.  Wilks,  and  J.  Walker. 

A  small  collection  of  Gladioli  came  from  Mr. 
Smith,  Kilmarnock,  which  received  a  well-deserved 
mark  of  Cultural  Commendation.  Finer  spikes  than 
these  have  seldom  been  seen  anywhere  in  the  South, 
the  flowers  being  very  large,  yet  not  distinguished 
by  any  coarseness,  and  the  spikes  ranged  from  1  foot 
to  H  foot  in  length.  Of  varieties  we  may  mention  : 
— Etendard,  white,  suft'used  lilac  ;  Grande  Kouge,  a 
beautiful  crimson ;  Amitie,  white,  yellow  and  pink — 
a  hint  for  colorists  as  to  arrangement  of  hues ; 
Matador,  bright  cerise,  the  three  lower  segments 
white,  with  cerise  tip ;  La  Vesuve,  scarlet,  very 
bright ;  Tamerlane,  very  dark  crimson,  lower  seg- 
ment white — a  very  distinct  fine  flower;  Crepuscule, 
lilac,  flaked  with  purple. 

Messrs.  Paul  &  Son,  Old  Nursery,  Cheshunt, 
showed  a  large  collection  of  Dahlias,  consisting  of 
pompons,  show,  single-flowered,  and  Cactus  or  deco- 
rative. Amongst  the  singles  Mrs.  Harry  Whitfield, 
a  large  pale  yellow,  fine  and  regular  in  form  ;  and 
Canterbury  Tales,  a  fine  magent.a-coloured  flower, 
were  considered  the  best.  Several  others  that  had 
been  honoured  with  Certificates  in  former  years  were 
in  the  collection,  and  were  generally  remarked  for 
their  superiority  over  more  recent  introductions. 
In  pompons,  Handel's  Gartner,  a  nice  yellow ; 
Garnet,  Glow-worm,  and  a  general  collection  of  the 
best  of  these  was  shown ;  likewise  some  Cactus 
Dahlias,  of  uncouth  size,  amongst  them  being  the 
long  discarded  D.  picta  fonnosissima.  Of  show 
kinds  a  very  fine  collection  was  staged.  A  Silver 
Banksian  Medal. 

Mr.  T.  S.  Ware,  Tottenham,  staged  a  number  of 
Cactus  Dahlias  with  their  foliage  ;  many  varieties  of 
pompon — amongst  these  last  Pure  Love,  a  lilac 
flower ;  Golden  Gem  and  Darkness  being  the 
prettiest.  A  few  Liliums  and  other  hardy  flowers 
completed  this  group. 

One  of  the  best  collections  of  show  Dahlias,  good 
alike  in  quality  and  variety,  was  that  exhibited  by 
Mr.  J.  T.  West,  gi-.  to  \V.  Keith,  Esq.,  The  Corn- 
walls,  Brentwood.     An  amateur  showing   in   such 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CHBONICLE. 


411 


gooil  style  should  have  received  some  sufficient 
encouragement  to  appear  .again  at  South  Kensington, 
if  it  were  but  a  Cultural  Commendation,  and  not  have 
been  given  a  mere  vote  of  thanks.  Messrs.  H.  Cannell 
&  Sons,  Swanley,  showed  Cactus  Dahlias  and  Begonia 
blooms ;  J[r.  G.  S.  P.  Harris,  Orpington,  seedling 
show  Dahlias  Yellow  Queen  and  President,  both 
yellows,  but  of  different  tints ;  and  ^.lorning  Star,  a 
white  with  flesh  coloured  suffusion. 

A  stand  of  twenty-four  show  Dahlias  in  Mr.  C. 
Turner's  usual  fine  style  came  from  the  Slough 
nurseries— Plutarcli,  an  orange  ground  flower  striped 
and  flaked  with  crimson,  was  the  newest  in  colour. 
An  extensive  display  of  the  show  section  of  Dahlia 
was  put  up  by  Messrs.  Rawlings  Bros.,  Komford. 
There  were  flfteen  dozen  of  very  superior  blooms  ; 
some,  indeed,  miglit  be  taken  to  be  the  finest  blooms 
at  the  meeting.  Prank  Pearce.  a  rosy-lilac,  flaked 
slightly  with  purple,  obtained  a  Certificate  John 
Henshaw,  Shirley  Hibberd,  Queen  of  the  Belgians, 
and  Mrs.  W.  Slack  were  exceedingly  fine  blooms. 
A  Bronze  Banksian  Jtedal.  A  similar  aw.ard  was 
made  to  Messrs.  Cheal  &  Sons,  Crawley,  for  an 
assortment  of  Cactus-Dahlias  in  great  variety ;  like- 
wise twenty-four  bunches  of  single  Dahlias— alto- 
gether a  showy  contribution. 

Jlr.  P.  I'arker,  nurseryman,  Leamington,  showed 
a  dwarf  slender-habited  Solanum  capsicastrum  ele- 
gans;  tlie  berries,  which  are  numerously  produced, 
are  of  au  oval  form,  and  the  colour  of  the  older 
variety.  A  group  of  two  dozen  plants  were  shown. 
Mr.  S.  Allen,  Sale,  Manchester,  exhibited  a  robust 
specimen  Fern — Nephrolepis  Duffii,  in  a  10-inch  pot. 
A  Cultural  Commendation  was  awarded. 

Mr.  K.  Dean,  Ealing,  exhibited  his  strain  of  Gail- 
lardia  picta,  and  a  semi-double  white  form  of  Dian- 
thus  Heddewigii,  dwarf  and  free — good  for  small  beds 
or  pots. 

Orchiih. — From  Sir  Trevor  Lawrence's  garden 
were  Cadiopsis  hyacinthosma,  a  jdant  with  smooth 
oval  pseudobulbs,  and  fun-owed  lanceolate  foliage 
18  inches  long — the  spike  of  white  flowers  protruding 
from  beneath,  as  in  Acineta,  sepals  and  petals  white, 
and  acutely  triangular  in  shape,  the  throat  at  the 
base  yellow;  the  bright  scarlet  Epidendrum  .xanthi- 
nuni,  Odontoglossum  Keichenbachianum,  showing  a 
flower-spike  5  feet  in  length,  clothed  with  widely 
separated  lateral  flower-spurs,  on  which  are  from 
two  to  five  blooms  each.  'The  sepals  and  petals  are 
prettily  marked  witli  dark  brown  bars  on  a  green 
ground  ;  the  narrow  lanceolate  lip  is  white,  with  a 
base  of  rosy-purple,  and  tip  white.  Cattleya  Gaskel- 
liana  superba,  a  very  fine  form  of  this  species. 

From  the  collection  of  F.  G.  Tautz,  Esq.,  were 
Cat.isetum  costatum,  a  curious  green-flowered  species, 
the  keel-like  flowers  being  set  compactly  together  on 
a  short  flower-stalk ;  and  Miltonia  Regnelli  pur- 
purea. 

A.  Smith,  Esq.,  Silvermere,  Cobham,  showed  Den- 
drobium  f'ormosum  giganteum. 

Messrs.  J.  'Veitch  &  Sons,  Chelsea,  exhibited 
again  Begonia  John  Ileal,  well  in  flower.  For  en- 
during properties  this  Begonia  hybrid  has  few  equals 
— the  individual  blooms  keeping  fresh  on  tlie  plant 
for  nearly  tliree  weeks. 

iMr.  A.  Duncan,  Summerhow,  Kendal,  exhibited  a 
large  specimen  of  Adiantum  cuneatnm  Hartleyanum, 
in  the  w.ay  of  A.  gracillimum. 

FiRST-CL.vss  Certificates. 

For  Dahlia  (fancy)  Frank  Pearce,  from  Messrs. 
Kawdings  Bros. 

For  Dahlia  (decorative)  llenry  Patrick,  from  Jfr. 
T.  S.  Ware. 

For  Dahlia  (fancy)  Plutarch,  from  Mr.  C.  Turner. 

For  Dahlia  (single)  Canterbury  Tales,  from 
JFessrs.  Paul  &  Son. 

For  Dahlia  (single)  Mrs.  H.OTy  'Whitfleld,  from 
JFessrs.  Paul  &  Son. 


Fruit  Committee. 

Present  i  .John  Ijce,  E^q..  iu  the  chair;  iind 
Messrs.  A.  H.  Pearson,  G.  T.  Miles,  G.  Norman,  S. 
Ford,  J.'  Lane,  J.  Fitt,  P.  Barr,  R.  D.  Blackmore, 
J.  Woodbridge,  P.  Crowley,  and  G.  Bunyard. 

A  small  collection  of  Grapes,  grown  in  a  cool 
vinery,  came  from  the  Society's  garden,  consisting 
of  Jliller's  Burgundy,  Esperion,  Poster's  Seedling, 
Black  Hamburgh,  Royal  Muscadine,  Ferdinand  de 
Lesseps,  and  Diamant.  These  were  mostly  in  a 
ripe  condition,  but  few  were  pleasant  eating,  and 
flavour  was  remarkiible  for  its  absence.  Some  fruits 
of  seedling  Melons  named  Jubilee,  raised  from  Hero 
of  Lockinge  and  Cox's  Gem,  were  shown  by   Mr. 


Howe,  Benham  Park ;  these  were  luscious,  thick  in  the 
flesh,  which  was  white,  and  thin  in  the  rind.  It  is  a 
yellow-skinned  variety  that  would  perhaps  have  been 
better  as  regards  flavour  earlier  in  the  season.  Mr. 
T.  Baines,  Palmer's  Green,  showed  seedling  Apples  ; 
Jlr.  J.  Chambers,  Isleworth,  a  dish  of  the  same  fruit 
for  name  ;  Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Maidstone, 
showed  Graham's  Royiil  Jubilee  Apple ;  it  is  a  large 
fruit,  greenish-yellow,  of  no  particular  merit. 

Some  rather  flavourless  American  Blackberries 
— the  American  Cut-leaf — were  shown  by  Messrs. 
Cheal  &  Son,  Crawley.  These  fruits  do  not  seem 
at  home  in  English  soil,  and  are  beaten  on  all 
points  by  the  common  Bnamble,  which  itself  does  not 
get  much  appreciation.  Messrs.  Cheal  showed  also 
several  dishes  of  Apples.  Mr.  C.  Bowers,  Castle 
Hill  Gardens,  Cerne,  showed  Pitmaston  Orange 
Nectarines ;  and  Mr.  Sansum,  Wedworth  Gardens, 
Honiton,  Melons. 

Potato  akd  Tomato  Trials  at  Chiswick. 

At  a  meeting  of  tlie  Fruit  and  'Vegetable  Com- 
niittea  held  at  Chiswick,  September  21  -present : 
John  Lee,  Esq.,  in  the  chair ;  Messrs.  Barr,  Miles, 
Burnett,  Fitt,  Bunyard,  Pearson,  Norman,  .and  Lane 
— the  committee  examined  the  collection  of  Potatos 
growing  in  the  gardens.  The  following  varieties, 
selected  as  possessing  good  appeiirance  and  cropping 
qualities,  were  tested  by  rooking,  and  First-class 
Certificates  awarded,  viz. : — 

Lord  Teiniysan  (Fletcher).  —  Round,  flattened, 
purple-flaked,  rough  skin,  white  flesh,  good  quality. 

Day's  Sunrise  (Day).— Early  White  round,  clear 
rough  skin,  white  flesh,  good  cropper. 

Maiiwrop  Kidney  (Johnson).— White  kidney,  clear 
rough  skin,  white  flesh,  good  cropper. 

Ear/y  fMiite  Beauty  (Webber). — White  round, 
clear  rough  skin,  white  flesli.  good  cropper. 

The  committee  inspected  the  collection  of  To- 
matos  grown  iu  the  open  ground,  the  following 
varieties  being  selected  as  "types,"  and  awarded 
three  marks  each,  viz. : — 

Perfectiou. — Fruits  large,  smooth,  round,  red. 

Horsfoi'd's  Prelude.  —  Fruits  medium,  oblate, 
smooth,  deep  red,  very  freely  produced. 

Open  Air  (Laxton). — Fruits  medium,  flattened, 
and  somewhat  corrugated  ;  early  and  free  bearing. 

Kinq  Hu>id}ert  or  Chminek  Red. — Fruits  oblong, 
angular,  red,  great  cropper. 

Golden  Queen. —  Fruits  large,  smooth,  orange- 
yellow. 

The  result  of  tlie  Chiswick  trials  of  Tomatos  has 
tended  to  reduce  the  chaos  of  names  to  something 
like  order.  The  plants  were  grown  out-of-doors  on  a 
•south  border  under  a  wall,  and  as  all  received  the 
same  treatment  the  experiment  is  a  conclusive  one. 
The  name  printed  in  italics  is  the  origimal  under 
which  each  variety  was  first  introduced,  and  tlie  Fruit 
Committee  of  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  have 
adopted  it  as  the  standard  by  which  the  variety  shall 
henceforth  be  known,  all  the  others  being  merely 
synonyms.  Those  market  '^  received  a  First-class 
Certificate : — ■ 

1.  0/)r«  ^i'r  (Laxton) ;  Faultless  Early  (Farquhar). 

2.  Early  Dwarf  {Yi\mmm)  \  Orangefield  (Veitch) ; 
Orangefield  Improved  (Kutley  &  Silverlock) ;  Little 
Gem  CVeitch) ;  Conqueror  (Veitch) ;  Early  Red 
(Vilmorin). 

■A.  Large  Red  (Veitch);  No.  1  (J  Banstead)  ; 
Sensation  (Webb)  ;  Canada  Victor  (Farquhar)  ; 
Glamorgan  (Hurst)  ;  Cooper's  Dwarf  Prolific 
(Cooper)  ;  Wheeler's  Prolific  (Wheeler) ;  Nisbet's 
Victoria  (Sharpe). 

»4.  Horsforl's  Prelude  (Horsford  &  Pringle). 

5.  Paragon  (Farquhar) ;  Eclipse  (Sharpe). 

6.  Chiswick  Bed  (R.H.S.)  ;  King  Humbert  (Rut- 
ley  &  Silverlock)  ;  King  Humbert  (Veitch). 

7.  No.  1  (Watkins  &  Simpson). 

8.  Pear-shaped  (Farquhar) ;  Nisbet's  Victoria 
(Veitch). 

9.  Cherry-shaped  (Farquhar). 

10.  Hathaway's  E.vcelsior  (Farquhar) ;  Emery  (Far- 
quhar) ;  Hathaway's  Excelsior  (Veitch)  ;  Key's  Pro- 
lific (Veitch) ;  Large  Smooth  Red  (Farquhar). 

*11.  Perfection  (Farquhar)  ;  Livingstone's  Perfec- 
tion (Rutley  &  Silverlock) ;  Livingstone's  F.avourite 
(Farquhar) ;  Livingstone's  Favourite  (Dean)  ;  Per- 
fection CVeitch) ;  Reading  Perfection ;  Pre- 
sident Cleveland  (Farquhar) ;  Cardinal  (Farqu- 
hiir)  ;  Stamfordian  (Veitch);  jra3-flower  (Veitch); 
Optimus  (Ben.ary) ;  Red  Tomato,  from  Sandwich 
Islands  (Carter)  ;  Webb's  Jubilee  (Webb) ;  Jubilee 
(Nutting). 

12.  Haalimod   Pari-    Prulijic     (Veitch) ;     Invicta 


(Veitch);  General  Grant  (Farquhar);  No.  3  (Wat- 
kins  &  Simpson)  ;  Trentham  Early  (Veitch). 

13.  Trophy  (Farquhar) ;  Trophy  (Veitch). 

14.  Hepph-'s  Goliath  (Veitcli). 

15.  Acme  (Veitch);  Acme  (Farquhar);  Acme; 
Brookwood  A  1  (R.  Lloyd)  ;  Early  Essex  (Farquhar)  ; 
The  Pomegranate  (Sharpe) ;  No.  2  (J.  Banstead)  ; 
Livingstone's  Beauty  (Farquhar). 

10.   i'ick's  Criterion  (Veitch). 

17.  The  Mikado  (Watkins  &  Simpson)  ;  The 
Jlikano  (Farquhar) ;  Universal  (Veitch). 

18.  Plum-shaped  (Farquhar). 

19.  Yellow  Cherry  (Farquhar). 

20.  Grem  Gaye  (Farquhar)  ;  Green  Gage  (Veitch). 
*21.  Golden  Queen  CViiWams) ;  Yellow  Tomato  (J. 

Smith).  ^ 

22.  Blenheim  Orange  (Carter). 

23.  Prince  of  Orange  (Hurst). 

24.  Large  Yellow  (Farquhar) ;  Large  Yellow 
(Veitch). 

25.  White  Apple  (Farquhiir). 

26.  Currant  or  Grape  (Farquhar). 


GLOUCESTER    AND    CHELTENHAM 
ROYAL    HORTICTTLTXTRAL. 

September  14  and  15.— The  annual  autumn  show 
of  this  Society  was  held  in  the  grounds  of  the  Winter 
Gardens,  Cheltenham,  on  the  above  dates,  and 
although  rain  fell  heavily  at  intervals  during  the 
afternoon  of  the  first  day,  the  committee  and  its 
courteous  secretary  (Mr.  Bridgewater)  had  the  satis- 
faction of  seeing  the  three  large  exhibition-tents 
pretty  well  filled  with  visitors,  Mr.  James  Cypher 
was  the  chief  exhibitor  of  plants ;  Messrs.  Heath  & 
Son,  likewise  of  Cheltenham,  also  showed  plants, 
Appended  is  a  list  of  the  awards  : — 

Plants.— Mr.  Cypher  was  the  only  exhibitor  of  six 
stove  and  greenhouse  flowering  plants,  and  he  was 
deservedly  awarded  the  1st  prize  for  fresh  and 
superbly  flowered  plants  of  Clerodendron  Balfouria- 
num,  Allamanda  Henderson!,  A.  nobilis,  Lapageria 
alba,  Bougainvillea  glabra,  and  Vallota  purpurea,  a 
grandly  flowered  plant.  In  the  class  for  a  collection 
of  thirty  plants  in  or  out  of  flower,  grouped  for  eft'ect, 
there  were  two  competitors,  Mr.  Cypher  being  easily 
1st  with  a  grand  lot,  his  Crotons,  Prince  of  Wales, 
Johannis,  Sunset,  Queen  Victoria,  Majesticus,  Muta- 
bilis,  and  Countess  being  of  good  size,  fresh,  and 
highly  coloured  ;  Cycas  revoluta,  and  C.  Normanbyana, 
Kentia  Canterburyana,  Cyathea  excelsa,  and  Latania 
borbonica  being  everything  that  could  be  desired 
as  regards  size  and  freshness  of  fronds.  The 
flowering  plants  were  equally  good  —  a  plant 
of  Ixora  Duffii  with  immense  trusses 
of  orange-red  flowers  being  the  most  noticeable. 
Messrs.  Heath  &  Son  were  2nd  for  a  very  creditably 
grown  and  well  staged  collection.  Mr.  Cypher  was 
again  to  the  front  for  twelve  exotic  Ferns,  staging  a 
fresh  and  select  dozen,  including  a  good  Gleichenia 
Mendelii,  Gymnogramma  chrysophylla,  and  Adian- 
tum Williamsii ;  Mr.  Smith,  gr.  to  Mr.  Pilgrim,  was 
2nd,  showing  a  nice  even  fresh  lot  of  plants.  There 
were  only  two  lots  put  up.  Mr.  Smith  had  the  best 
eighteen  varieties  of  British  Ferns,  Mr.  C.  Lodge  the 
second  best.  Si.x  grandly  flowered  pans  of  Achi- 
menes  were  shown  by  Mr.  Lewis,  gr.  to  Mrs.  Ling- 
wood.  Zonal  Pelargoniums  were  well  shown.  Mr. 
Lewis  secured  1st  prize  for  nine  neatly  trained,  fresh, 
and  well-flowered  specimens.  Fuchsias  were  also 
well  shown.  Mr.  H.  Sparks  was  1st  for  eight  distinct 
varieties ;  and  Mr.  Mayo,  gr.  to  P.  H.  Osborne,  Esq.,  was 
1st  for  four  varieties.  Mr.  Cypher  was  the  only  exhi- 
bitor in  the  class  for  an  ornamental  basket  of  plants, 
showing  the  gi-eatest  taste  in  arrangement.  This 
exhibit  evinced  great  taste  iu  the  selection  and 
aiTangemeut  of  the  plants  used,  and  was  quite  a 
feature  of  the  show. 

Cut  Flowers.— Messrs.  Heath  &  Son  were  1st  for 
twenty-four  Dahlias,  distinct ;  Mr.  Hobbs,  Bristol, 
was  2nd.  The  same  exhibitors  were  accorded  like 
positions  for  twelve  fancy  Dahlias,  and  a  like  number 
of  Roses  in  as  many  varieties,  showing  fresh  even 
blooms  in  each  case.  Mr.  G.  S.  Walter,  Calne ; 
Mr.  T.  Evey,  Batheaston;  and  Mr.  W.  J.  .Jones. 
Bath,  were  the  successful  exhibitors  of  German  and 
French  Asters.  Mr.  Mansfield  was  1st  for  three 
dressed  vases  for  dinner-table,  with  a  creditable 
arrangement. 

Fruits. — As  the  result  of  special  prizes,  £10,  £5,  and 
£2,  which  were  offered  this  year  for  the  first  time — 
for  collections  of  nine  dishes  of  fruit  (Pines  excluded) 
— such  a  lot  as  had  not  been  seen  at  any  previous 
show   of  the    Society  was  staged,  seven  good   all- 


412 


THE     GABDENEBS'     CUB  ONI  CLE. 


[Octobeh  1,  1887. 


round  collections  having  been  put  on.  Mr.  J.  H. 
Goodacre,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Harrington,  Elvaston 
Castle,  Derby,  was  1st,  showing  good  Madresfield 
Court  and  Muscat  of  Alexandria  Grapes,  Victory  of 
Bath  Melon,  Sea  Eagle  Peacli,  Brown  Turkey  Figs, 
Violette  Hative  Nectarines,  large  and  well-coloured 
"Washington  Plums,  Apricots  and  Cherries,  Mr.  Rose, 
gr.  to  Lord  Wantage,  Lockinge  House,  Wantage,  and 
Mr.  Nash.  gr.  to  the  Duke  of  Beaufort,  Badminton, 
Chippenham,  being  very  close  2nd  and  3rd  in  that  order. 
Mr.  Rose  had  heavy  shouldered  and  well  coloured 
bunches  of  Muscat  of  Alexandria,  and  had  his  Black 
Alicantes  been  better  finished,  he  would  have  ob- 
tained a  higher  position.  Mr.  Nash's  collection  con- 
tained a  Golden  Perfection  Melon,  7-^  lb.  Mr.  W. 
Cliild,  gr.  to  the  Earl  of  Coventry.  Croom  Court, 
Kempsey,  Worcestershire,  -was  very  highly  com- 
mended. The  last-named  exhibitor  had  the  best  two 
dishes  of  Black  Grapes,  showing  superbly  finished 
bunches  of  Gros  Colmar  and  Black  Hamburgh — 
three  bundles  of  each.  Mr.  Nash  was  a  good  1st 
for  one  dish  of  black  Grapes,  with  three  medium- 
sized  and  gi'andly  finislied  bundles  of  Black  Alicante 
— such  as  Badminton  is  noted  for.  Peaches,  Nectar- 
ines, Plums,  Apples,  and  Pears,  were  pretty  well  re- 
presented. Messrs.  G.  Bunyard  &  Co.,  Maidstone, 
had  a  very  interesting  collection  of  Apples,  twenty- 
five  varieties,  but  not  for  competition,  which 
attracted  a  good  deal  of  attention ;  Duchess  of 
Gloucester,  Duchess  of  Oldenburg,  and  Worcester 
Pearmain  commanding  most  attention. 

Vcgetahhs. — These  were  sliown  in  gi'cat  quantities 
and  in  excellent  condition,  both  tlie  collections  and 
single  dishes  being  alike  good.  The  local  exhibitors 
interpreted  the  word  "  dish  "  in  a  very  liberal  manner, 
for  we  found  in  the  collections  of  nine  dishes,  distinct 
kinds,  staged  in  the  1st  prize  collection,  put  up  by 
Mr.  0.  Arkell,  in  excellent  form,  about  half  a  busliel 
of  Rotates,  clean  and  uniform  tubers,  a  like  quantity 
of  excellent  Peas,  twelve  fresh  and  evenly  matched 
Cucumbers,  nineteen  Cauliflowers,  large,  close, 
and  white ;  fifty  Tomatos,  large,  even,  and  higiily 
coloured  fruits ;  eighteen  large  and  well-blanched 
heads  of  Celery,  100  Turnips,  medium-sized,  clean 
roots  ;  a  large  pile  of  Sutton's  Exhibition  Sprouts, 
compact  and  firm ;  and  a  like  quantity  of  very  large 
Capsicums — a  most  imposing  collection.  There  were 
eighteen  other  classes  provided  for  collections  of  six 
kinds,  collections  of  Rotates,  twelve  varieties  ;  and 
single  dishes  of  the  various  products  of  the  kitchen 
garden,  all  of  which  were  keenly  contested  with  pro- 
duce of  tlie  best  description.  The  basket  of  salad 
class  brouglit  out  three  exhibits,  two  of  which, 
put  up  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Smith  and  Mr.  A.  Cook, 
were  works  of  art.  The  baskets,  large  oval- 
shaped  ones,  were  supported  by  stands  and  spanned 
by  handles,  resembling  a  crown,  &c.,  which  were 
covered  with  Parsley,  &c.,  in  and  around  which  every 
variety  of  the  salad  family  was  most  tastefully 
arranged.  The  briglit  Radislies,  highly  coloured 
Tomatos,  and  the  new  "  blue  ''  Potato,  dotted  here 
and  there  in  the  groundwork  of  blanched  Endive,  had 
a  very  telling  effect — an  effect  which  would  be  seen 
to  the  best  advantage  when  the  tents  were  lighted 
up  at  night. 


a  step  would  be  detrimental  to  the  interests  of 
horticulture,  forestry,  and  agi'iculture,  by  circum- 
scribing the  high  usefulness  of  the  gardens  as  they 
are  at  present  managed.  It  was  decided,  therefore, 
to  form  a  committee  of  nine  members,  including  the 
President,  Secretary,  and  Treasurer,  to  confer  with 
the  Councils  of  kindred  associations,  and  obtain  their 
co-operation  in  opposing  the  action  of  the  Govern- 
ment. 


Scotland. 

SCOTTISH   HORTICULTURAL  ASSOCIA- 
TION. 

The  Council  of  tliis  Association  held  a  meeting  on 
September  22,  at  5,  St.  Andrew  Square,  Edinburgh, 
for  the  purpose  of  completing  the  general  arrange- 
ments for  holding  tlie  second  Chrysantliemum  sliow 
to  be  held  under  its  auspices  on  November  29  and 
30  next.  Mr.  D.  P.  Laird,  President,  occupied  tlie 
chair.  The  success  of  the  first  show,  held  in  Decem- 
ber last,  induced  the  Council  to  select  a  larger  hall, 
better  adapted  to  the  purpose  than  that  in  which  it 
was  held.  After  due  consideration  it  was  decided 
that  the  Music  Hall,  George  Street,  Edinburgh,  was 
the  most  suitable  place,  from  all  points  of  view,  in 
which  to  hold  the  show,  and  a  small  committee  was 
elected  to  arrange  and  complete  the  details  in  con- 
nection therewith. 

Attention  was  then  drawn  to  the  proposal  of  the 
Government,  in  the  Scottish  Univeisity  Bill  recently 
before  Parliament,  to  hand  over  the  Royal  Botanic 
Gardens  to  the  Edinburgh  University  authorities. 
The  opinion  of  the  Council  was  unanimous  that  such 


land,  buildings,  and  fixtures ;  while  the  Vines, 
Grapes,  and  Vine  borders,  were  valued  at  £635  10s. 
Mr.  J.  Deards,  horticultural  builder,  of  Harlow, 
Essex,  valued  the  greenhouses  and  plant ;  and  Mr. 
James  Fraser  and  Mr.  James  Sweet  gave  evidence  as 
to  tlie  value  of  the  Vines,  Grapes,  &c. 

Tlie  Arbitrator  has  awarded  £800  and  costs  for 
the  smoke  damage,  and  £4537  for  the  land  and 
buildings,  and  costs  ;  the  stockand  plant  to  be  taken 
by  valuation. 


Law  Notes. 

THE  CASE  OF  SMOKE  DAMAGE  TO  GARDEN 
PRODUCE  AT  STRATFORD. 
The  case  of  Andrews  v.  the  Great  Eastern  Rail- 
way   Company    was     reported     in    the     Gardenfrs' 
Chronicle    of    August  27,    and  the   awards    of   the 
arbitrator,  which  were  then  reserved,  have  now  been 
published.     The  claimant,  Mr.  Edwin  Andrews,  is  a 
nurserv'man,  florist,  &c.,  at  Temple  Mill  Lane,  Strat- 
ford New  Town,  having  owned  a  large  garden  there 
for  some  fifteen  years.     In  1879  and  1880  the  Great 
Eastern  Railway  Company  extended  their  works  at 
Stratford,  and  brought  sidings  close  to  the  claimant's 
garden.    Locomotives    were    continually    on  these 
sidings,  emitting,  it  was  alleged,  great  volumes  of 
smoke,    which     very     seriously     depreciated     the 
claimant's    flowers.    Grapes,    and    other    products. 
Over  two   years   since  the  claimant  obtained  £500 
damages    against    the    Company    for    the     injury 
thus    caused    from   1880  to    1884,   and  this    year 
he  entered   a  second  action  for  the  damage   done 
from  1884  to  the  present  time.    The  case  was  referred 
to  Mr.  Christopher  Oakley,  surveyor,  to    arbitrate 
upon.     The  parties  then  came  to  an  agreement  that 
the  company  should  take  over  Mr.  Andrews'  garden 
at  a  valuation,  also  to  be  fixed  by  Mr.  Oakley.    That 
gentleman  first  investigated  the  claim  of  damages  at 
the   Royal   Courts   of  Justice.     Mr.  Waddy,  Q.C., 
JI.P.,  and  Mr.  Crispe    (instructed   by  Mr.  Edward 
Clarke,  of  31,  Great  St.  Helens),  were  counsel  for  the 
claimant  ;    Mr.    French,    Q.C.,    and    Mr.    Douglas 
Walker  (instructed  by  Mr.  F.  Fearn,  from  the  Com- 
jiany's  office)  for  the  Company.     The  following  nur- 
serjTuen  and  gardeners  gave  evidence  on  behalf  of 
tlie  claimant  as  to  the  extent  of  the  damage  from  the 
smoke  of  the  locomotives  : — John  White  and  John 
Newman,    assistants  to    the   claimant ;    Mr.  Alfred 
Tyrrel,  of  the  Cottage  Nursery,  Mary  Street,  Alfred 
Street,  Bow  Road ;  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  of  Leyton 
and  Forest  Gate  ;  Mr.  Amos  Matthews,  of  Covent 
Garden  Market;  Mr.  George  Perry,  of  11,  Lawrence 
Road,  Green   Street,  Enfield  ;  and  Mr.  John  Hayes, 
of  Cuckoo  Hall,  Lower  Edmonton.    A  large  number 
of  flower  dealers  and  residents  in  tlie  neighbourhood 
deposed  to  the  effect  of  the  smoke  upon  the  flowers, 
and  a  number  of  scientific  witnesses  gave  evidence 
as  to  the  chemical  nature  and  effect  of  the  deposit 
upon  the  claimant's  flowers  and  Grapes.      For  the 
Company  the  following  nurserymen  and   gardeners 
gave  evidence  to  show  that  the  damage  was  largely 
due  to  other  causes  besides  the  smoke  of  locomotives  : 
— Jlr.  Jas.  Sweet,  of  Leyton  and  Walthamstow ;  Mr_ 
J.    Eraser,  of  Lea  Bridge  Road,  Leyton  ;  and    Jlr, 
Samuel    Wilkinson,    of    Bow    Road,    E.      Various 
scientific  witnesses  were  also  called  on  behalf  of  the 
Company,  besides  flower-sellers  and   several  of  the 
Company's  emphi/es,  to  show  that  the  Company  had 
taken  all  due  precaution  against  causing  nuisance. 

In  the  second  arbitration,  as  to  tlie  value  of  the 
land,  buildings,  trade  fixtures,  plant  and  stock, 
several  professional  witnesses  called  on  behalf  of  the 
claimant  valued  the  property  at  the  following 
amounts :-  £6251  2s.,  £6.360  14s„  and  £6285,  witli 
£3000  added  for  value  of  trade  profits  at  three  years' 
purchase.  Mr.  A.  Dashwood,' horticultural  builder, 
of  Wimbledon,  valued  the  greenhouses,  and  evidence 
as  to  the  value  of  the  Grapes,  Vines,  and  Vine  bor- 
ders, was  given  by  Mr.  Edward  Bennett,  consulting 
nurseryman,  florist,  &c.,  of  Potter's  Bar  ;  and  Mr. 
John  Hayes.  The  professional  witnesses  for  the 
Company  allowed  nothing  for  purchase  of  trade 
profits,  and  agreed  in  a  valuation  of  £2435  12s.  for 


The  Weather. 


Accumulated  temperature  indicates  the  combined  amount  and 
duration  of  the  excess  or  defect  of  temperature  above  or 
below  32°  F.  for  the  period  named,  and  is  expressed  in  Day- 
degrees— a  *'  Day-degree "  signifying  1°  continued  for 
twenty-four  hours,  or  any  other  number  of  degrees  for  an 
inversely  proportional  number  of  hours.] 


Temperature. 

Above  or 

AOCDMUIATEB. 

So 

'ta 

below    the 

b 

a' ' 

Mean  for 

<£.x 

■  toi  • 

the    week 

ending 

iis 

Si* 

^ 

Sept.  2li. 

1^ 

Zi 

"if" 

•<i: 

Ki 

Pri 

ncipal    Wheatrpro- 

Day- 

Day- 

Day-     Day- 

duciug  Districts. 

deg. 

deg. 

deg.  1  deg. 

0. 

SCOTLAXP,  N.     ... 

1  below 

00 

0 

+  1.38  +     37 

I. 

ScoTLiKD,  E.      ... 

1  above 

75 

0 

-1-  171^-h     41 

2. 

England,  N.E.  ... 

2  below 

61 

0 

-1-  no+    83 

3. 

England,  E.     ... 

3  below 

71 

0 

— 

38  +  1B8 

4. 

MiDLiSD  Cos.  ... 

3  below 

eri 

0 

— 

12  +  165 

5. 

England,  S.      ... 

3  below 

77 

0 

- 

72  -1-  151 

Pr 

ncipal  Grazing,  &c. 
Districts. 

1 

1 

6 

Scotland,  W.  ... 

0  (aver.) 

71 

0 

+ 

30  +    17 

7 

England, N.W.... 

I  below 

73 

0 

+ 

33 -h  118 

8 

England,  S.W. ... 

1   2  below 

78 

0 

+ 

27  -1-  172 

9 

Ireland,  X. 

1  below 

74 

0 

+  213  +    23 

10 

IRELAND,  S. 

2  below 

79 

0 

f 

245  +    97 

Channel  Islands 

j    1  below 

j  101 

0 

+ 

54+    77 

Districts. 

1  g 

1^ 

L^ 

s.gi 

:l^ 

l!i 

iS"' 

m 

?li 

•3.2 

r 

i*° 

rl 

Principal    Wheat-pro- 

Tenths  of 

ducing  Districts. 

0.  Scotland,  N.    ... 

5  less 

161 

23.1 

13 

24 

1.  Scotland,  E.    ... 

6  less 

125 

16.6 

33 

33 

2.  England,  N.E. ... 

6  less 

111 

12.0 

12 

34 

3.  England,  E.     ... 

5  less 

106 

12.1 

19 

42 

4.  Midland  Cos.  ... 

6  less 

97 

13.1 

19 

38 

5.  England,  S.      ... 

5  less 

97 

13.8 

34 

41 

Principal  Grazing,  &c., 

Districts. 

6.  Scotland,  W.  ... 

6  less 

128 

26.3 

24 

37 

7.  England,  K.W.... 

b  less 

104 

16.7 

30 

38 

8.  England,  S.W.... 

8  less 

101 

1.5.7 

41 

48 

9.  Ireland,  N. 

4  less 

128 

21.9 

23 

34 

10.  Ireland,  S. 

7  less 

109 

18,6 

39 

43 

—  Channel  Islands 

7  less 

112 

13.3 

53 

52 

THE  PAST  'WEEK. 

The  following  summary  record  of  the  weather  for 
the  week  ending  Sejit.  2(5,  is  furnished  from  the 
Meteorological  Office : — 

"The  iDuather  has  been  fair  and  dry  in  all  parts  of 
tlie  kingdom,  although  a  good  deal  of  cloud  has  pre- 
vailed. 


OCTODEE    1,    1887.] 


THE     GARDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


413 


"  The  temperature  has  been  a  little  above  the  mean 
in  'Scotland,  E.,'  and  about  equal  to  its  normal 
value  in  '  Scotland,  W.,'  but  in  all  other  districts  it 
has  been  below,  the  deficit  ranging  from  1°  to  3°. 
The  hiahest  of  the  maxima,  which  were  recorded  on 
somewhat  irregular  dates,  ranged  from  G2°  in  '  Scot- 
land, N.'  to  70°  in  '  England,  S.,'  and  71°  in  '  Eng- 
land, S.W.'  The  lowest  of  the  minima,  which  were 
registered  in  most  places  either  on  the  24th  or  25th, 
varied  from  33°  in  the  '  Midland  Counties,' '  England, 
S.W.,'  and  '  Ireland,  N.,'  to  38°  in  '  England,  N.E.,' 
and  to  43°  in  the  '  Channel  Islands.' 

"  The  rainfall  has  been  considerably  less  than  the 
mean  in  all  districts. 

"  Bright  sunshine  does  not  differ  materially  from 
that  reported  last  weeic,  the  percentage  of  the  pos- 
sible amount  of  duration  ranging  from  12  in  '  Eng- 
gland,  N.E.'  and  13  in  '  Scotland,  N.,'  from  34  in 
*  England.  S.,' and  3i)  in  'Ireland,  S.,'  41  in  'Eng- 
land, S.W.,'  and  52  in  the  '  Channel  Islands." 


MEAN  TE.MPEEATITRE  OBSERVED  AT  CHISWICK  DITE- 
ING  THE  WEEK  ENDING  OCT.  8.  (AVERAGE  OF 
FORTY-THREE  YEARS.) 


Oct. 

2  ... 

3  ... 

...    bl". 
...     bi". 

Oct.    6    ... 

„     7    ... 

..    .■i3°.l 

.     .'S3°.I1 

4    ... 

...     51°. 
...    63°. 

..      8    ... 
,  Mean  for  the 

week    . 

..     .53°.S 

_ 

Notices  to  Correspondents, 


Books:  A.  G.  Thom6's  German  Flora.  Apply  to 
Williams  &  Norgate,  Henrietta  Street,  Covent 
Garden.  Grafiiruj,  by  Charles  Baltet  (William 
Kobinson,  37,  Southampton  Street,  Covent  Garden. 
Ferns,  delightfully  vague.  Please  specify  a  little 
more  particularly  what  you  want.  —  E.  iV.  Plant 
Life  (Messrs.  Bradbury.  Agnew,  &  Co.). 

Cheys.\nthemcms  Going  Blind  :  H.  D.  See  answer 
in  last  week's  issue. 

Climbers  for  Churchyard  Walls  in  Cornwall  : 
y.  V.  Roses.  Myrtles  Fuchsia  Iliccartoni,  Ed- 
wardsia  grandiflora.  Jasmine,  yellow  and  white  : 
any  of  the  hybrid  varieties  of  Clematises  ;  Loni- 
cera,  in  variety ;  the  small-leaved  Ivies,  Veitch's 
Ampelopsis,  Claret  and  Isabella  Vines,  Fabiana 
imbricata,  Lardizabala  biternata,  Kerria  japonica, 
Menispermum  canadense,  Periploca  grffica,  Passi- 
flora  coerulea,  Bignonia  capreolata,  Crataegus  jiyra- 
cantha. 

Correction  :  N.uies  of  Fruit. — In  last  week's  issue, 
for  "  Queen  Jargonelle,"  read  Quince  Jargonelle. 

CvMBiDiini  EBURNEUM  :  X.  Y.  Z.  The  diseased  leaves 
contain  some  mycelium  of  a  fungus  (of  which  we 
may  perhaps  be  able  to  give  the  name  next  week), 
but  whether  the  fungus  is  the  cause  of  the  disease 
or  not  we  are  unable  to  say.  Possibly  the  house 
in  which  the  plant  grows  has  not  had  sufficient 
ventilation.  We  can  suggest  no  remedy  beyond 
change  of  conditions. 

Dahlia  :  H.  W.  Send  a  flower  to  some  large  Dahlia 
grower. 

Elms  Dtikg  :  F.  Butt.  The  age  of  the  trees  being 
120  years,  we  should  say  that  they  are  succumbing 
to  old  age,  and  that  nothing  you  can  do  will  arrest 
their  natural  decay.  The  insects  you  allude  to 
are  invited  to  attack  by  the  feeble  health  of  the 
trees. 

Flowehino  and  Evergreen  Srn.iECTs  for  a 
Northern  Slope  :  L.  van  R.  Buxns,  Taxns 
adpressa,  Myrica  Gale,  species  of  Viburnum,  Rhus 
cotinus,  R.  typhina,  Symphorocarpus  racemosus, 
Kerria  japonica,  Halimodendron  argenteum.  Lilac 
in  variety,  Pavia  macrostachya,  Vitex  agnus-castns, 
Berberis  aquifoliura,  B.  dulcis,  B,  stenophylla,  B. 
Danvinii,  Salix  in  variety,  Prunus  in  variety, 
Cerasus  in  variety,  and  many  others. 

Gladiolus  gandavensis  :  P.  Barr.  Tlie  flower  is  of 
an  unusually  dark  tint  of  crimson,  the  flowers  and 
dower-spike  large  and  robust.  It  bears  a  strong 
resemblance  to  a  variety  named  Tamerlane  in  the 
collection  shown  by  Mr.  Smith,  of  12,  Queen 
Street,  Kilmarnock,  at  the  last  meeting  of  the 
Royal  Horticultural  Society. 

Hedges  in  a  Nursery  :  Inquirer.  As  these  adjuncts 
to  a  nursery  form  part  of  the  stock,  they  «r» 
removable. 


Names  of  Fruit  :  Alpha.  Pears :  1  and  2,  Williams' 
Bon  Chretien.  Plum :  3,  not  determinable  ;  4, 
Bleckir's  Scarlet ;  5.  Kerry  Pippin ;  6,  Cellini.— 
A  Younq  Beginner.  2.  Comte  de  Lamy  ;  3,  Fon- 
dante  d'Antomne ;  4,  Comte  de  Flandres ;  5, 
Hacon's  Incomparable  ;  6,  Duchesse  d'Angouleme. 
— J.  MoB.  Peaches  :  1.  decaved  ;  2,  Late  Admirable  ; 
3.  Walburton  Admirable.'— (?.  IK  1,  Pitmaston 
Duchess ;  2.  Williams'  Bon  Chretien  ;  3,  Passe 
Colmar  ;  4,  Beurr6  Bachelier  ;  6.  Beurre  d'Amanlis. 
—  C.  Dimmiek  cf-  Sons.  Your  Apple  appears  to  be 
JIanx  Codlin.— Pon^^/icioi'.  Pears:  1,  Beurre 
d'Amanlis;  2,  Peach;  3,  too  small.  Apples:  1, 
Kerry  Pippin  ;  2,  Cellini ;  3,  Rvnier  ;  4,  not  known  ; 
5,  Cox's  Orange  Pippin.— S.  H.  T.  1,  King  of  the 
Pippins ;  2,  Alfriston  ;  3,  Lord  Grosvenor  ;  4,  not 
recognised  ;  5,  Emperor  Alexander ;  6,  Court  of 
Wick  ;  7,  Blenheim  Orange.— J.  Udak.  Plums  : 
1.  Pershore  ;  2,  Dunmore ;  3,  Jeft'erson  ;  4,  Coe's 
Golden  Drop  ;  5,  smashed  ;  G,  Angelina  Burdett. 
— Beta.  1,  Winter  Crassane  ;  2,  Alexandre  Lam- 
bre ;  3,  Comte  de  Lamy ;  4,  Louise  Bonne  of 
Jersey  ;  5,  Passe  Colmar  ;  6,  Beurre  Jlondelle  ;  7, 
Napoleon. —  W.  T.  1 ,  Doyenne  du  Cornice  ;  3, 
Knight's  Monarch  ;  5,  Castor  Beurre;  6,  Poire  de 
Malte-  a  small  variety;  the  other  numbers,  un- 
fortunately, got  mixed,  so  that  we  are  not  sure  of 
their  correctness. — A.  W.  F.  Your  Pear  is  Beurre 
d'Amanlis. —  Ch.  E.  IF.  Hawkins.  1.  Adams' 
Pearmain ;  2,  Cluster  Golden  Pippin  ;  3,  Brad- 
dick's  Nonpareil. — E.  B.  1  and  3  seem  to  be  the 
same — Walburton  Admirable  ;  2,  Barrington. 

Names  of  Plants  :  C.  B.  Leycesteria  formosa. — 
W.  B.  H.  Deciduous  shrub  :  not  recognised  in  the 
absence  of  flowers.  — C.  E.  F.  Cistopteris  fragilis. 
— F.  W.  J.  Euonymus  europasus  (common  Spindle- 
tree). — X.  F.  Polygonum  sachalinense.— ^.i?.  W. 
Lvcium  Barbarum — excellent  seaside  plant. — 
W.  ./.  H.  The  Monument  Elm,  probably  a  variety 
of  U.  montana.—  L.  C.  G.  No  doubt  a  Cy]ierus,  or 
some  closelv  allied  pl.-vnt.  but  we  cannot  identify 
it  till  it  flowers.— If.  .1'.  Y.  1,  Cupressns,  perhaps 
raacrocarpa;  2,  3,  C.  Lawsoniana;  4,  Adiantum 
Capillus-veneris  ;  5.  A.  cuneatum  ;  6,  Arundinaria 
Fortunei;  7,  Davallia  Tyermanni.— IF.  T.  P.  Cy- 
pripedium  barbatum  var.  grandiflora,  Seleni- 
pedium  longifolium.  Crinum  Mooreanum,  Solidago 
canadensis. — C.  Cundi/.  Calliphruria  subedentata, 
difficult  to  flower.— ir.  B.  W.  Odontoglossum  tri- 
pudians,  with  pretty  markings  on  lip;  Cattleyas, 
not  above  average. 

Oak  Leaves:  W.  A.  W.  The  rosette-like  excres- 
cences (Oak  spangles)  on  the  underside  of  the 
leaves  are  galls,  caused  by  a  minute  gall-fly 
(Neuroterus  lenticularis).  In  the  projection  in 
the  middle  of  each  a  small,  whitish,  plump  grub 
will  be  found  on  examination. 

Oil-stove  for  Heating  a  Greenhouse  :  E.  P.  B' 
Rippingil's  is  one  of  the  best ;  we  do  not  know 
what  would  be  the  price  for  one  capable  of  heating 
your  house. 

Onion  Plant  :  C.  F.  W.  Ornithogalum  longebrac- 
teatum.  Does  very  well  in  cottage  windows  ;  no 
special  treatment  required. 

Orange  Trees  :  B.  The  additional  specimens  more 
than  confirm  the  view  previously  taken.  Pe- 
troleum emulsions  (sold  by  the  Horticultural  and 
Agricultural  Company,  103,  Holm  Street,  Glasgow), 
applied  with  a  spray  pump,  may  be  tried.  In 
default  of  a  proper  emulsion  try  a  wineglassful  of 
|)etroleum  mixed  up  with  soft-soap  and  a  gallon 
of  water.  Keep  the  mixture  well  stirred,  and 
spray  the  trees  ;  aftei-  some  time  syringe  with 
water.     The  operation  may  be  repeated  daily. 

Phylloxera  on  Oaks  ;  Peter.  The  damage  done  is 
of  little  moment,  seeing  that  it  does  not  take 
place  till  late  in  the  year. 

PiCEA  (Abies)  0HIENTALI5  :  Canon  E.  Many  thanks: 
but  is  not  the  bad  temper  caused  by  the  irritation 
of  some  mite  ?  Plants  are  not  ill-tempered  with- 
out some  physical  cause. 

Post  in  a  Continental  Nursery  :  J.  W.  If  you  are 
acquainted  with  any  one  in  the  trade  on  the  Con- 
tinent write  explaining  to  him  your  wish  for 
employment,  stating  that  wages  are  a  secondary 
consideration,  and  you  will  readily  find  an  opening 
in  some  establishment. 

Tomato  Fungus  :  E.  S.    Next  week. 

Tomato  Seed  :  Hart.  Let  the  fruit  partially  decay, 
then  wash  the  pulp  in  warm  water,  keeping  it  in  a 
fine  wire  sieve  in  a  tub  of  water.     Jlost  of  the 


pulp  can  be  rubbed  through  the  sieve,  leaving  the 
seeds  almost  clean. 

Trees  for  Churchyard  :  N.  V.  Maples,  especially 
Japanese  species  ;  Paulownia  imperialis,  Bignonia 
syringoefolia.  Tulip  tree,  Pyrus  Aria,  Mountain 
Ash,  pyramidal  form  of  Acacia,  Pseudo-Acacia, 
Sonhora  pendula.  Thorns  in  variety,  cut-leaved 
Walnut  and  cut-leaved  Beech,  Sea  Buckhom, 
Dovaston  Yew,  Irish  Yew,  American  Red  Cedar, 
Lebanon  Cedar,  Cupressus  Lawsoniana,  and  other 
coniferous  plants. 


CATALOGUES   RECEIVED. 

Paul  &  Son,  Waltham  Cross — Roses. 

H.    Schmidt,  20,    Rue    de   Brabant,    Ghent — Bulbs, 

Seeds  for  Autumn  Sowing,  &c. 
J.  Peed  &  Sons,  Streatham,  Roupell  Pai'k,   &e. — 

Roses. 
Baltet  Freres,  Troyes — Fruit,  Forest,  and  Orna- 
mental Trees,  Roses,  Greenhouse  Bulbs,  Seeds, 

&c. 
Lambert  &  Reiter,  Frier,  Rhenish  Prussia — Fruit 

Trees  and  Roses. 
W.  Fell  &  Co.,  Hexham — Bulbs,  Herbaceous  and 

Alpine  Plants. 
Rider   Brothers,    Moortown,    Leeds  —  Camellias, 

Azaleas,    Rhododendrons,     Forest    and     Fruit 

Trees,  Roses,  &c. 
J.   Perkins,   52,   Market   Square,   Northampton  — • 

Bulbs. 
Isaac  Davies  &  Son,  Ormskirk  —  Rhododendrons, 

Azaleas,  Hardy   Trees,   Shrubs,   Conifers,   and 

Climbing  Plants. 
F.    &  A.  Dickson  &  Sons,  Chester  —  Select  Fruit 

Trees. 

Communioatio.vs  Received.— E.  W.  B.— J.  B.— E.  C— The 
MayorotMans.— J.V.  v.— V.  B.  L.-O.  D.— W.  W.— C.&R. 
— C.  B.  P.— P.  G.  t .— B.  P.— f.  H.  H.— N.  G.— G.  F.  G.— 
N.  G.— lira.  T.  S.  B.— Dipterous  Fly  (next  week).-B.  P. 
(next  week).— P.  G.  C.  (next  week).— J.  Smith,  Kew.— 
W.  B.  Hartland,  with  thanks.- W.  W.— A.  H.— J.  C— C. 
Lee,— J.  L.  A.— D.— T.  B.— 11  Ciissone.- J.  McR.— A.  D.— 
K.  D.— F.  vou  M.— W.  S.— E.  S.— K.  &  B.— Hortus  (please 
forward  more  specimens  of  your  Clematis. — B.  C.  (send 
bulb).— W.  S.  &  S.— H,  M. 
\^^  Correspondents  sending  plants  or  frttits  to  be  named,  or 

asliing  questions  demanding  time  and  research  for  their  sohition, 

must  not  expect  to  obtain  an  answer  to  their  enquiries  in  the 

current  weefi. 


Markets. 

COVENT  GABDEN,  September  29. 
Trade  still  quiet,  and  heavy  supplies.  James  Web- 
ber, Wholesale  Apple  Market. 


Fruit.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Apples,  ^sieve  ...  1  3-  3  6 
Plums,  i-6ieve  ...  16-40 
Grapes,  per  lb.  ...  0  9-16 
—  Channel  Isl..  lb.  0  6-09 
Kent  Cobs.  100  lb.. ..42  0-45  0 
Lemons,  per  case   ...13  0-21  0 


.d. 


Melons,  each 
Peaches,  dozen 
Peara,  f  sieve 
—  French,  dozen.. 
Pine-apples.  Eng.,  lb.  10-30 
—  St.  Michael,  each  2  0-50 


.06-10 

,10-60 

...  2  6-36 

,10-1) 


Vegetables.— Average  Retail  Prices. 


Artichokes,  p.  doz....  6  0-  ... 
Aubergines,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Beans.  Kidney,  lb. ...  0  6-  ... 
Beet,  red,  per  dozen  10-20 
Carrots,  per  bunch...  0  6-  ... 
Cauliflowers,  each  ...  0  4-  ... 
Celery,  per  bundle .. 
Cucumbers,  each  .. 
Endive,  per  dozen  .. 
Green  Mint,  bunch,. 
Herbs,  per  bunch  ,. 
Leeks,  per  bunch  .. 
Lettuce,  per  dozen.. 
Lettuce,  Cos.,  each,. 


16-20 
0  ti-  1  0 
3  0-  ... 


Mushrooms,    punnet  16-20 
Mustard    and  Cress, 


net 


,04-. 
,40-, 
,06-. 
.16-. 
.  4  0-i 


Onions,  per  bushel .. 
Parsley,  per  bunch,. 
Peas,  per  quart 
Potatos,  per  cwt.    .. 

,,  kidney,  percwt.  4  0-50 
Shallota.  per  lb.  ...  0  3-  ... 
Spinach, perbushel...  2  6-  ... 
Sprue,  bundle  ...  1  0-  ... 
Tomatos.  per  lb.  ...  0  9-  ... 
Turnips,  new,  bunch  0  8-  ... 
Vegt.  Marrows,  each  0  2-  ... 


Potatos.— Kent  Regents,  70s.  to  905. ;  Beauties,  90s.  to 
110s. ;  and  Magnums  about  10s.  per  ton  lower. 

Plants  in  Pots.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Aralia  Sieboldi,  doz.  6 
Asters,  per  dozen    ...  3 
Balsams,  per  dozen...  3 
Capsicum,  dozen    ...  5 
Chrysanthem.,  dozen  4 
Cyperus,  per  dozen 
Dractena  terminali: 
per  dozen  ... 
—  viridis.  per  do- 


.30  ( 


Euonymus,  i 
per  dozen 

Evergreens, 
per  dozen 


0-18  0    Foliage  plants,  rari- 

0-6  0        ous.  each 2  0-10  0 

0-  6  0  '  Fuchsias,  doz.  ...  3  0-  9  0 
0-9  0  Heliotrope,  dozen  ...  4  0-  8  0 
0-90,  Hydrangeas,  doz.  ...  9  0-12  0 
0-12  0  I  Lilium.  various,  per 

I      dozen         6  0-12  0 

—  lancifolium,  per 

dozen         6  0-18  0 

i  0-12  0     Mignonette,  doi.    ...  4  0-  6  0 

I  Myrtles,  per  dozen,..  6  0-12  0 

5  O-IS  0    Palms,  in  var.,  each  2  6-21  0 

'  Pelargoniums,  dozen  6  0-12  0 

;  0-24  0  \    —  scarlet,  per  doz.  3  0-60 


414 


THE     GAR  DENE  ES'     CHI?  ONI  CLE. 


[OCTOBEE   1,    1887. 


Cut  Flowers.— Average  Wholesale  Prices. 


Abutilona.  12  bun  ... 
Arum  Lilie9. 12  blms. 
Asters,  12  bunched... 

—  French,  per  bun. 
Bouvardias,  per  bun. 
Carnations,  12  bims. 

—  dozen  bunches... 
Chrysanth.,  12  bun. 

—  large,  12  blooms 
Comtiower,  12  bun. 
Eucharis,  per  dozen 
Gardenias.  12  blooms 
Heliotropes,  12  spr. 
Jasmine,  white,  bun. 
Lilium    longiliorum, 

12  blooms 

—  lancifolium,12bl. 


2  0-40     Lavender,  12  bim.  ...  4  0-  { 

3  0-50     Marguerites,  12  bun.  3  0-  ( 

1  0-  3  0  I  Mignonette,  12  bun,  0  9-  : 
10-20'  Myosotis.  12  bun.  ...20-: 
0  6-10  Pelargoniums,  12  spr.  0  6-  ! 
0  6-10:  —  SL-arlet,  12  spr....  0  3-  ( 
3  0-  6  0  !  Primulas,  double,  12 

2  0-60         sprays        09-1 

10-40  Pyrethrum,  12  bun...  2  0-  I 
10-20    Roses,  Tea,  per  doz.  0  6-  ] 

3  0-40  —  coloured,  dozen,  0  6-  1 
3  0-60  —  red,  perdozen  ...  0  3-  I 
0  6-10  — Saffrano, dozen...  0  6-  i 
0  6-09    Stephanotis,  12  spr.  2  0-  ' 

I  Sunflowers,  12  bun,  2  0-  ' 
3  0-  6  0  !  Tuberoses,  12  blms....  0  6- 
10-30': 


SEEDS. 

London  :  Sept.  28. — Messrs.  John  Shaw  &  Sons, 
seed  merchants,  of  37,  Mark  Lane,  London,  E.G., 
write  that  to-day's  market  presented  no  new  feature 
either  of  interest  or  importance.  Clover  seeds  meet 
for  the  moment  with  no  attention  ;  prices  promise  to 
rule  low.  For  foreign  Italian  Eye-grass  higher  rates 
are  demanded.  Fine  winter  Tares  are  now  ohtain- 
ahle  on  very  moderate  terms.  Blue  Feas  are  also 
exceedingly  cheap.  In  bird  seeds  there  is  but  little 
business  passing.  Canary  seed  is  lower.  Hemp  seed 
remains  unchanged.  In  feedingLinseed  the  tendency 
is  against  holders. 

COBX. 

Acerui/c-s. — Official  statement  showing  the-average 
price  of  British  corn,  imperial  measure,  in  the 
weekended,  September  24: — Wheat,. 28*.  9;^.;  Barley, 
285.;  Oats,  14s.  lid.  For  the  corresponding  week 
in  1886 ;— Wheat,  30s.  !)</. ;  Barley,  27s.  ,W. ;  Oats, 
18s.  U.  

FRUIT  AND   VEGETABLES. 

Columbia  (East  London)  :  Sept.  28.— A  steady 
trade  continued  for  a  very  fair  supply,  at  the  follow- 
ing prices  ; — Eating  Apples,  2s.  Gd.  to  4s.  Hd.  per 
bushel ;  cooking  do.,  2s.  dd.  to  3s.  (id.  do. ;  Pears, 
35.  to  6s.  Gd.  do. ;  common  do.,  2s.  Gd.  to  '^.  Gd, 
do. ;  Victoria  Plums,  3^.  to  4s.  ikl.  per  half-sieve  ; 
Orleans  do.,  3s.  to  35.  Gd.  do. ;  Tomatos,  2s.  to  3s. 
per  dozen  pounds ;  Damsons,  2s.  Gd.  to  Ss.  per 
half-sieve ;  Egg  Plums,  2s.  to  4s.  do.  Vegetables : 
Cabbages,  4s.  Grl.  to  7s.  per  tally;  Scarlet  Beans, 
4s.  Gd.  to  OS.  Gd,  per  sieve  ;  Greens,  2s.  to  3s.  per  dozen 
bunches  ;  Turnips,  2s.  Git.  to  3s.  do. ;  Carrots,  Is.  Gd. 
to  2s.  do. ;  Onions,  2s.  Gd.  toSs.  Gd.  do. ;  Mint,  Is.  Gd. 
to  25.  do. ;  Parsley,  Is.  to  Is.  Gd.  do. ;  Vegetable 
Marrows,  9d.  to  Is.  3d.  per  dozen ;  English  Onions, 
4s.  Gd.  to  5s.  Gd.  per  cwt. ;  foreign  do.,  4s.  Gd.  to 
5s.  Gd.  per  bag  of  110  lb. ;  Carrots,  37s.  Gd.  to  42s.  Gd. 
per  ton  ;  Mangels,  22s.  to  26s.  Gd.  do 

Sthatford  :  September  28. — The  market  has  been 
well  supplied,  and  a  fair  trade  done  at  the  under- 
mentioned prices  : — Cabbages,  4s.  to  4s.  Gd.  per  tally  ; 
Savoys,  os.  Gd.  to  6s.  do. ;  Turnips,  4s.  to  5s.  per 
dozen  bunches  ;  do.,  40s.  to  45s.  per  ton ;  Carrots, 
household,  46s.  to  55s.  do. ;  do.  cattle  feeding,  35s.  to 
405.  do. ;  Mangels,  20s.  to  24s.  do. ;  Swedes,  21s.  to 
24s.  do. ;  Onions,  Oporto,  7s.  to  7s.  Gd.  per  case ; 
Ghent,  4s.  Gd.  to  5s.  per  bag ;  Belgians,  5s.  3d.,  to 
6s.  do. ;  Marrows,  4s.  to  75.  per  tally;  Pears,  4s.  to 
6s.  per  bushel ;  Tomatos,  3s.  Gd.  to  4s.  per  dozen 
pounds ;  Carrots,  25.  to  35.  per  dozen  bunches ;  Celery, 
Is.  to  Is,  3d.  per  roll ;  Sprouts,  3s.  to  4s.  per  half- 
sieve  ;  Plums,  3s.  9d.  to  4s.  do. 


POTATOS. 

Bououou  A.VD  Spitaluelds:  Scj/t.  27.— Dull  all 
round,  and  prices  easier,  with  some  accumulation  of 
supplies  on  hand.  Quotations  ; — Hebrons,  90s.  to 
llUs.  ;  Early  Koses,  60s,  to  805.;  Eegents,  70s.  to 
90s. ;  Magnum  Bonum,  605.  to  80s.  per  ton. 

Columbia  (East  London) :  Sept.  28.— Quotations : 
—Magnums,  65s.  to  805. ;  liegents,  75s.  to  85s. ;  Beauty 
of  Hebron,  95s.  to  110s.;  Early  Rose,  75s.  to  868.; 
]{eading  Hero,  75s.  to  85s.  per  ton. 

Stratford  :  Sept.  28. — Quotations  : — Beauty  of 
Hebron,  80s.  to  110s. ;  Early  Kose,  705.  to  90s. ; 
Magnums,  60s.  to  75s. ;  Kegents,  65s.  to  755.  per 
ton. 

Imports. — The  imports  into  London  last  week  con- 
sisted of  774 bags  from  Gbont,  4813  Hamburgh,  2 Rot- 
terdam, W  Harlinjfe'n,  25  Brenfien, 


r"  R  U  T*  E  '  s 
PATENT  CONCAVE  BULB  POTS  &  CAPS. 

Specially  made  iu 
6,  7,  8,  0,  aud  10  iu,  high_ 

Large  root  c-ipacity  with  little 

P  J{  I  C  E     LIST. 
Central  Depol  ; 

KNIGHTRIDER   ST.,   B.C.- 

LCMION. 


RICHARDSON'S 


BECKETT      BROS., 

Horticultural  Engineers,  Chelmsford. 
Special  LIST  of  Cheap  and  Substantial  Buildings, 

POST-FREE. 

W.  H.  LASCELLES  &  CO., 

HOETICULTtlRAL  BUILDEES, 

121,  BUNHILL  KOW,  LONDON,  E.C. 


HORTICULTURAL  BUILDINGS 

Fixed  in   any  part  of  the 
Kingdom  with  Ilot-water 
»y(V"*V^  Apparatus  complete, 

\.  rr\  >v         CATALOGUE 
FREE. 


North  of  England  Horticaltural  Works,"\.v^ 
DARLINGTON. 


!%■' 


%.y 


DEANE  &  CO  S  No   9  RANGE  OF  HOUbES 
Pnie,  g\en    ire  1  r   tKtLllMi    L     MlLtll  th    br    k 

«ork)   w  thin  la  miles  of  Loudon  Bridge 
Proj  ortionate  pric«3  IB  any  part  of  the  Co  ntr\ 
Length.        Width.    Centre  Part.      Price.        Estimates 
21ft.     ...      8ft.    ...    10ft.    ...      JW3  10      for  Heating 
36  ft.     ...    12  ft.     ...    14  ft.    ...      £67  10    Apparatus  on 
60  ft.     ...    12  ft.     ...    14  ft.    ...    £100    0     application. 
ILLUSTRATED    SHEBTJS    of    Co.-(SERVAToniES,    Green- 
houses. &c.,  with  Prices  for  Breeting  and  Heating,  FREE. 

SURVEYS   MADE   IN   ANY    PART    OF    THE    COUNTRY 
FREE  OF  CHARGE.    Dseigns  and  Estimates  FREE. 

DEANE  &  CO., 

Hortioultiiral  Builders  and  Hot-^ater  En2;ineer.-. 
46A,  King  William  I     ^  QJ^J)  QJ^T   BRID  GE. 


Street. 


NEW  ARCHANGEL  MATS.— RUSSIA 
MATS  of  all  descriptions,  RAFFIA  FIBRE,  TOBACCO 
RAG  and  PAPER,  supplied  to  the  Trade  at  Lower  Prices  than 
any  other  firm  this  season.— JIARENDAZ  and  FISHEK,  9  and 
10,  James  Street.  Covent  Gaxleii,  W,C. 


RUSSIA      MATS. 

Importers  of  AECHANUF-L.  PETMSBULG.  aud  I'ACKLNO 
M.iTS.  TOBACCO  PAPER  andlJUlTH,  RAFFIA.  PEAT 
LOAM,  SIL^^R  S.AND  aod  COCOA-FIBRE  REFUSE. 
GARDEN  TOOLS. 

SLY,  DIBBLE  &  CO.,  129,  Commercial  Street, 

Sijitallields,  LoikIuu,  E 

CARSON'S   PAINT 

I'atrouiscd  bv  lii.OOO  of  Ibi-  N..bililv,  licutrv, 
.ind  Clergv,  for  all  tiuds  ut 

OUTDOOR    WORK,    CONSERVATORIES, 

Greenhouses,  Frames,  &c. 
1  Owt.,   and   Oil   Mixture,    Free   to   all   Stations. 

Non-Potsonous  P:Tmt5  far  Iniide  Work.  CoD.orv.ntories,  &c. 
I'ncc-.  I'atu/u..  :iii.lT...iiu,nii::.!5,  Post-tree. 


Vt  H  LA&CELLEs  AND  CO  will  gn-e  E  timates  fur  every 
description  of  HORTIC  L  LTUBAL  W  ORK  free  of  charge,  and 
send  competent  avi  tints  when  nece;^rj 


121,  Bunhill  Row,  London,  E.G. 
Illustrated  Lists  of  Wooden  Buildings,   Greenhouses,    and 
Consen-atories,  aud  Concrete  Slabs  for  Walls,  Paths,  and  Stages, 
sent  post-free  on  application. 


CHEAP  HORTICULTURAL  CLASS. 

Packages  and  paddng  fret,  tiiui  dehvcred  to  any  London  .Station. 

100  squares  of  Glass,  quality  guaranteed. 

l.i  or..     21  01.. 
131  by    .01  for  10, -for  14.- 

13      ,    0    „    10/-  „   14,-  or  300  squares  1.5  ounce,  8  by  6. 

13    „  10    „    11/-  „   15/6  or  260  squares   8J  by  SJ,  or  220 

ij     ..in    ..    ^A!~  ..   19/-  squares,  9J  by  6§,  or  170  squares, 

24/-  9  by  7J,  or  160  squares,  10  by  8. 


..  12 

,    17/6 

„  12 

,    13/- 

,.  12 

,    21/- 

..  12 

.     24/- 

Gla.ss  cut  to  an 

)/-    for  10s.    Carriage  paid  for  all  orders 
r£3. 


at  the  above  proportionate  prices. 
Best  LINSEED-OEL  PUTTY.    PAINTS,  ready  mixed  for  use, 
in  tins  of  1  lb.  to  14  lb.,  at  bd.  per  pound.     Special  quotationa 
given  for  large  quantities. 

J.     B.     BOBINSON, 

WHOLESALE    LE.U>    AND     CLASS    WAREHOUSE. 

14,  Moor  Lane.  Crlpplegate,  London,  E.G. 


The  above  are  -without  exception 
Frame  for  Plant  Growing,  and  every 
possess  one.    The  sashes  turn  right " 


PORTABLE  PLANT  FRAMES. 

the  most  useful  kind  of 
ine  with  a  garden  should 
;r  one  on  to  the  other,  and 
Ihe  boxes  are  put  together  withwedges,  and  can  be  taken  apart 
in  a  few  minutes.  Sizes  aud  prices,  carriage  paid  to  any  station 
in  England,  ready  glazed  and  painted :— 

6  feet  long,  4  feet  mde,  packing  cases  free     t3  16    u 

12  feet  long,  4  feet  wide,         „          „        ..         j  J?    " 
6  feet  long,  6  feet  wide V  !„    „ 

13  feet  long,  6  feet  wide b  10    u 

The  glass  is  nailed  and  puttied  in. 

R.      HALLIDAY      &      CO., 

Hothouse  Builders  and  Engineers, 
ROYAL    HORTICULTURAL    WORKS,    MHIDLETON. 

5LAXCHESTER. 

London  Agent :  Mr.  H.  SKELTON,  Seedsman,  &o., 

2,  Holloway  Road,  N. 


LA  BELLE  SAUVAGE  YAF.D,  LUDGATE  HILL,  E,C. ; 

BACHELORS  W.-U.K',  IH'BMN  -  Discount  tbr  Cax'i . 


21-OZ.  Foreign  of  the  abore  si/es  in  100  and  200  feet  boxes, 
3ds  and  4ths  qualities,  always  kejit  in  st«ck 

A  large  stock  of  similar  current  si/es  of  16-OZ.  glass  in 
200  feet  boxes. 

Propagating  and  Cucumber  Glasses,  and  all  Miscellaneoul 
Glass  Articles,  can  be  obtained  from 

GEOKGB  FABMILOE  &  SONS, 

GLASS,  LEAD.  DLL  aun  COLOUR  MEECIUNTS, 

84,  at.  Jfibn  Street,  V/est  gmJtHfleld,  London.  B.C, 

iSTu'*  ffttand  Priees  m  ipfhmm.    ^ime  Oiranrflf. 


October  1,  1887.] 


THE     GABDENER8'     CHRONICLE. 


415 


.S^^ 


THOMAS  GREEN  &  SON,  Limited, 


SMITHFIELD  IRONWORKS,  LEEDS,  AND  SURREY  WORKS,  BLACKFRIARS  ROAD,  LONDON,  S.E., 

HORTICXTLTUEAL  ENGINEEKS  to  HER  MAJESTY  THE  QUEEN,  call  Special  Attention  to  their 

PATENT    WROUGHT-IRON    MUNICIPAL   OR   ANGULAR   CHAMBERED    AND    TUBULAR 


HOT-WATER    BOILERS, 

And    others    with    SHELVES,    and    Hollow    or    Ordinary    Cast-iron    GRATE    BARS. 

With  WATERWAY  HACKS    an-l   WELDED   linlLERS.  any  of  which    are    specially    adapted    for   Heating  Greenhouses.   Conservatories.   Churehes.   Chapels, 
Schools,  Public  Buildings.  Enfmnce  Halls.  Warehouses,  Workshops,  &c.    They  are  the  neatest,  cheapest,  most  effective,  and  durable  of  any  extjint. 
The  MCKICIPAL  and  Tl'Bl'LAIt  onex  are  reiaarknble  for  tlietr  ijrfat  hmUn<i  poiirr,  sloii:  combustion,  and  the  length  of  time  the  Jire  icitl  burn  u-it/iout  reipiiring  attention. 

These  Patterns  secured  the  FIRST  and  HIGHEST  PRIZE,  a  SILVER  MEDAL,  at  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Ejchlbltlon,  South  Kensington,  London,  June  1, 1881. 


SADDLE  BOILERS, 


The  longitudinal  31 


MBl 
MB2 
MBS 
MB4 
MB5 


S  I  z 

3  ft.  2  in.  long  by  2  ft. 


by  2 
by  2 
by  3 
by  4 


—  LoNCi-uaiNAL  Sec-          

SECTIONAL   PLAN 

\v  it^r    ^M       llu       '^.                         ill    irons    tLtiongi\e    d  view  of  the  fire-box,  ■\ 
vationshowa  it   etin6;(Ai    ik   it}  iclns  Tiecessar;/ fir  this  class  of  boiler. 

vater  space  and  V-sbaped  back. 

ES      AND       PRICES. 

0  in.  wide  by  2  ft.  0  in.  deep  s                             ,  1000  ft. 
0              „        by2          0               ,,              Calculated  to           1280 
3                ,,         by2           6               ,,       ,'-    heat  4-in.  piping    -^2200 

0            „      by3        0            ,,     \       as  follows:-      /4000 
0            ,,       by  3        9            „    '                            ^  7000 

Price  £15     0    0 
„        21     0     0 
,,       32    0     0 
„       60     0     0 
„        85     0     0 

T  E  S  T  I  :\r  O  N  I  A  L  S. 

jiessbs.  thos. 
Ge.\-tlemi 
The  buildi: 

offices  and  rooms 
Two  of  y 


GREEN  AND  SON,  Ltd..  NORTH  STREET,  LEEDS.  Ee  HEATING  APPARATUS.  Borough  Engineer's  Office,  Municipal  Buidings,  Leeds.  Mmuary  9,  1886. 

■:.N.— 1  have  great  pleasure  in  bearing  testimony  to  the  efficiencv  au.l  ~;,ti~f;„  tm  v  working  of  the  Hotrwater  Heating  Apparatus  you  erected  m  these  public  buildings. 
ig!  are  four  storeys  high,  and  we  have  a  total  length  of  about  28,i«w  fe,t  t.f  pipiiis  iii  them,  varying  in  size  from  IJ  in.  to  6  m.  diameter,  with  their  connections.  Sec.    The  several 
can  all  be  in  operation  at  one  time  or  separately,  and  the  heat  regulated  by  means  of  the  valves  to  the  temperature  required,  even  in  the  coldest  weather, 

ir  Patent  Municipal  Pattern  Boilers.  No.  4,  work  the  whole  of  this  piping  easily,  although  wo  have  three  of  them  fixed.    They  are  very  powerful  and  economicul  in  the  consump- 
tion of  fuel,  aiid  1  am  pleased  to  be  able  to  report  of  them  and  the  apparatus  so  favourably.  I  am.  Gentlemen,  yours  truly,  THOS.  HEWSON,  Borough  Engineer. 

Morley  House.  Bagot,  St.  Saviour's,  Jersey,  November  \(ith,  1886, 
Gentle.me^,— The  large  Municipal  Boiler  which  you  sent  me  last  year  is  doing  its  work  satisfactorily;  it  is  heating  5,000  feet  of  4-inch,  pipe  in  one  of  my  vineries,  and  I  am  quite  i 
it  has  power  to  work  a  much  greater  length,  while  in  cost  of  fuel  it  compares  favourably  with  my  other  Boilers. 

I  have  now  five  of  your  Boilers  in  use,  and  I  cannot  speak  too  well  of  their  heating  powers,  or  their  comparatively  small  consumption  of  fuel. 
Messrs,,  THOS,  GREEN  AND  SON,  Ltd.,  LEEDS,  Yours  faithfully,  (Signed) 

AND     HTJITBREDS    OF    OTHER    REFERENCES    CAN    BE    GIVEN    IF    REaUIRED. 


J  that 


BASHFORD. 


NEW    EDITION,    CORRECTED    UP    TO    DATE. 


THE  COTTAGER'S  CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

By  the  late  Sir  JOSEPH  PAXTON,  M.P.     Reprinted  from  the  Gardeners'   Chronicle. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3id.; 
Twenty-five    Copies    5s.,   Fifty   10s.,    and   One   Hundred   20s. 

Parcels  of   not   less   than   twenty-five   delivered,   Carriage   Free,   m   London   only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain, 


W.     HIOHARDS,     41,     WELLINGTON     STREET,     STRAND,     LONDON,    W.G, 


416 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBEB    1,    1887. 


To  Nurserymen,  Seed  Merchants,  and  Florists. 

J  BLACKBURN  and  SONS  are  offering  Arch- 
•  angel  Mats  lower  than  any  other  house  iu  the  trade  :  also 
Petersburg  Mats  aud  Mat  Bag^,  Rafiia  Fibre,  Tobacco  Paper, 
and  Shading.     Price=>  free.— 4  and  5.  Womiwocl  Strfet,  E.C. 

CERTAIN  SUDDEN  DEATH 

To  all  Grubs.  Aphis.  Lice.  Red  Spider,  Thn'p.  Meaty 

Bug.  Caterpillars,  dc  dc. 
pcoccQji  Y  )   to  tli^  Hands  jmd  S^kin.  b\tt  will  cure 
>  Kingwonn  m  AniniBls,  and  all  Difceasea 
HARMLESS   }   produced,  by  parasites. 

Fir  Tree  OIL 

(SOLUBLE)  INSECTICIDE 

A  com'iination  of  Hvdrftn;irbnn  Oils,  made  Foliible  in 
Water,  for  Destroying  ALL  INSeiCTS  &  PARASITES 
that  Infest  Trees  and  Plants,  whether  at  the  Hoots  or 
on  the  Foliage. 

Sold  by  Seedsmen  and  f'heraists.  Is.  6d,  Cs.  G 1.  &  -Is.  6d-, 

4  gallon  7s.  6d,  1  jallon  12-.  Cd,  or  less  in  larper  c|iianti(ies, 

A  Treatise  on  FIR  TREE  OIL  as  an  INSECTICIDE, 

Its  application  to  Plants  and  Animals,  sent  Post  free 

on  receipt  of  address,  by  the  Manufacturer, 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  Manchester. 

Wholesale :  Hooper  &  Co. ;  Coebv,  Sopf.e,  Fowleb  &  Co. ; 
C  E.  Ossi\N'  &  Co  ;  and  from  all  the  London  Seed  Mer- 
chant* and  Wholesale  Patent  Medicine  Houses.    NEW 

YORK-ru.LKEE    i-    .S..NS. 


HUGHES' Fir  TREE  Oil 

SPRAY  PUMP 


T/iroics  a  fine 
1 1  ail  20  ft.,  and 
I  /  I  30  ft.,  u-ith 
(/I  t  at  force. 

A  splendid 
luhstitute  for  th.e 
Syringe  for  using 
Insecticide,  Price 
2oi  A  larger 
size  for  watering 
])i()j>oses,  4.5.5. 
Cariiaire  Paid. 


HUGHES' 

I^APHICIDE 

<&  1/6     .^1^^ 


HUGHES' 

GREEN&creamcolorSHADING 

tly  applied  — I/flSrts  all  the 
Y  washed  off.    l6.,  post  1/3. 

HUGHES' 
FLORAL  CEMENT. 

A  great  boon  f'-  Flori-'tp  3nd  all  lovers  of  Flowers.    Dries 
instantir      S'.M  io  bofle?.  1-.  ."L-  2?.     I'er  post  3d.  extra. 

HUOHES'   STYPTIC 

For  Preventing  Vines  Elecdins  after  rruninf?. 
Very  e£FectuaI  in  preventing  the  flow  of  eap  in  Vines  being 

wasted.    In  bottles  1/6  and  2/G.    Per  post,  Sd.  extra. 
For  Destroying  Beetles.  Corkroaehes,    UIIPUCC 
Crieketd,  Bui,-s,  Fleaii,  Mosquitoe,  ice.    nUUlBlld 

TROPICAL  BEETLE  POWDER 

Mo^t  oiTeetuiil   in  Greenhousfs,— for  Animals  and  Bed 

Clothing.     Price.  Gd..  Is  &  2.'6.    Per  post  Sd.  extra. 

E.  GRIFFITHS  HUGHES,  "^M^^^ 

VICTORIA  ».  OATEATON  STREET,  MA.NQHESTER 


STOVES. 

Terra-Cotta  !     Portable  !     For  Coal ! 
ROBERTS'S        PATENT, 

for  GreenliouBes,  Bedrooms,  &c. 

GREENHOUSES  Heated  24  Hours  for 
about  One  Penny,  without  att.ntion.  ROBEKTS'S 
PATENT  TERRA-COTTA  SICVES  for  COAL  give  pure 
and  ample  heat  with  common  coal,  or  coal  and  coke.  For 
Greenhouses.  Bedrooms.  Sec.  Pamphlets.  Drawiugs,  and 
authenticated  Testimonials  sent.    See  in  use  at  Patentee's, 

THOMAS    ROBERTS, 
112,    Victoria    Street,    'Westminster,    S.W. 

HILL  a,  SMITH 

BRIERLEY  HILL,  NEAR  DUDLEY, 

And  at  118,  QUEEN  VICTORIA   STREET,  LONDON,  E.C. 


IRON  FENCING,  HURDLES,  GATES,  &G. 


T/mSfW^ROBm/^WS. 


REVISED 
RICES 
REE 


STEVEN      BQPS     &   C» 
HOT        WATER        APPARATUS. 


4.  UPPER  THAMES    S''     LONDON.  E.C. 


racts  in  Fencing, 
ade,  and  practical 
ical  Fences  to  put 


Illustrated  Catalogues  Free  by  Post. 


HORTICULTURAL  GLASS. 

A  large  quantity  of  all  descriptions  and 
sizes  in  stock,  at  the  lowest  possible  prices. 

NICHOLLS     &     CLARKE, 

SHOREDITCH,   LONDON,  E. 


WHY     PAY     HIGH     PRICES, 

When   you    can    purchase   a    thoroughly    good    and    sound    Champagne  for 

30/-DozE«.     GEVENCEY     SO/-™"" 

SOLE    AGENTS :— 

JOHN   C.   HANDS  &  CO., 
99,  GRESHAM  STREET,  LONDON,  E.C, 

OLD-ESTABLISHED    WINE    and   SPIRIT    MERCHANTS  and  AGENTS. 

Hot  -water  Pipes  and 
Fittings 

OF  E\'ERy  DESCRIPTION. 
4-inch    Pipes  at    \s.  6'/.   per  yard. 

SADDLE,  VERTICAL, 

and  all  otber  kinds  of 
BOILERS. 

Improved  Ventilating 
Arrangement 

For  GREENHOUSES,  &c. 
Qll  UFQTFR'Q    patent  steel   TRENTHAM   BOILER  is  far  fhe  lie.^t,  cheapest,  and 

OILVQO  I  Lil  0    nujst  economical  Hot-xoater  Boiler  made.     The  improved  facilities  for  ensuring 

perfect  combustion  saves  fuel  nnH prevents  smoke,  and  the  efficient  arrangement  for  cleaning  out  greatly 

prolongs  the  life  of  the  Boiler.   These  Boilers  are  manufactured  and  supplied  by  the  Patentees  only. 

HOT-WATER  HEATING  APPARATUS,  on  the  High  or  Low  Pressure  principle,  erected 

complete ;  efficiency  guaranteed. 

PUMPING    MACHINERY  for  all  purposes,  ENGINES,  BOIIERS,  ^c. 

Illustrated  Sheets  and  Estimates  on  application. 

CASTLE    HILL    WORKS,    NEWCASTLE,    STAFFORDSHIRE. 


October  1,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


417 


HORTICULTTIBAL  STRUCTURES  of  BVERY  DESCRIPTION,  In  EITHER  WOOD  or  IRON,  or  BOTH  COMBINED. 
WOODEN  CHAPELS,  SHOOTING  LODGES,  COTTAGES,  TENNIS  COURTS,  VERANDAHS,  «5C. 


HOT-WATERS  APPARATUS    for     WARMING     CHURCHES     SCHOOLS      PUBLIC     BUILDINGS      MANSIONS, 
HARNESS  ROOMS   DRYING  ROOMS   HOTHOUSES   and  BUILDINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION 


THOMAS'S 

FiniNGS  FOR  WIRING  WALLS 


Straining   Bolt   and  Holdfast.— No.  635. 

A-i  illustnite^l  above,  price  'is.  3d.  per  doz. 

linal  Holdfa'sts.— No.  63-'. 
.N'o.  632a. 


Per  doz. 


_  .^ 28.    6d. 

3d.,  4d.,  6d.,  7d.  per  do. 

Best  Galvanised  Wire,  Is.  3d.,  Is.  6d.,  Is.  9d. 

per  100  yards. 
niiistrated  CATALOGUE  on  application. 


J.   J.   THOMAS   &   CO., 

87,  QUEEN  VICTORIA  STREET,  E.C.; 
Works:    362.    EDGWABE    ROAD,    LONDON,    W 


CONTRACTORS     TO     HER     MAJESTY'S     WAR     DEPARTMENT. 

The  Thames  Bank  Iron  Company, 

UPPER     GROUND     STREET,     LONDON,     S.E. 

(Telegraphic  Address—"  Hot  Water,"  London;  Telephone,  No.  4763),  have  the  Largest  and  Most  Complete  Stock  in  the  Trade. 

~~^  CAST-IRON      SADDLE      BOILER, 

fl-ITIl    WATER\A'AY    EXIX 
and  every  othei'  Boiler  of  known  merit,  kept  in  Stock. 


THE    XEW 

HORIZONTAL  TUBULAR  BOILER. 

Tliis  Boiler  is  made  in  several  sizes  from  6  feet  6  in. 
long,  and  is  fitted  with  Water  Bars,  as  shown  in  the 
illustration.  The  Furnace  Door  being  hung  upon  the 
front  of  Boiler  is  complete  in  itself,  thus  ensuring  the 
acme  of  simplicity  in  fixing. 


Illustrated    CATALOGUE,  Price  Is. 
Price  LIST  on  application,  free. 


HOT-WATEB    PIPES,     CONNECTIONS, 

and  all  Castings  for  Horticultural  Purposes. 


HOT-WATER     and     HOT-AIR     APPARATUS    Erected    Complete,    or   the    Materials    supplied. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE  FORM  OF  SUBSCRIPTION. 


To 


W.  RICHARDS, 


41,  Wellington  Stbeet,  Strand, 
LONDON,   W.C. 


Please     send    me     "The      Gardeners'      Chronicle"     for 
commencing ,  for  which  I  enclose  P.  0.0 . 


1887. 
Months., 


^^^  Please  Note  that  all  Copies  Sent  Direct  from  this  Office  must  be  paid  for  in  advance.  "^^^ 

THE  UOTTED  KINGDOM  :  —  12  Months,  153. ;   6  Months,  7s.  6d. ;   8  Months,  3s.  9d. ;  Post-frea. 
FOREIGN  SUBSCRIPTIONS  (excepting  India  and  China) :— Including  Postage,  17s.  6d.  for  Twelve  Months.     India  and  China,  19s.  6d. 

Receipts  for  less  than  six  months'  subscription  will  not  be  sent  unless  specially  aaked  for. 


P.  0.0.  to  be  made  pat/able  at  the  Post  Office,  No.  42,  DRURY  LANE,  London,  to  W.  RICHARDS. 

Cheques  should  be  crossed  "  DRXmMOND." 


418 


THE    GABDENEIiS'     CHUONICLE. 


[October  1,  1887. 


THE  GARDENERS'  CHRONICLE 

Scale  of  Charges  for  Advertising. 

Head  Line  charged  ns  tu-o. 


4  Lines 

..  £0 

3 

0 

15  Lines  . 

£0      8 

6 

5      „ 

..      0 

3 

6 

16 

0    9 

0 

6       „ 

..      0 

4 

0 

17 

0     9 

(J 

7      „ 

..      0 

4 

6 

18 

0  10 

U 

8      „ 

..     0 

5 

0 

19 

0  10 

6 

s      ., 

..     0 

5 

fi 

20 

0  11 

0 

10       „ 

..     0 

6 

0 

21 

0  11 

6 

11       „ 

..     0 

fi 

0 

22 

0  12 

0 

12      „ 

..     0 

7 

0 

23 

0  12 

6 

13       „ 

..     0 

7 

6 

24 

0  13 

0 

14      „ 

..     0 

8 

0 

25 

0  13 

ti 

AXD 

SIXPEVCE 

FOF 

F.V 

~RY  ADDITIONAL 

LIXE. 

11  set  ac 

0^^  two  Colum 

IS  t 

le  lowest  charge 

viU  be  20s. 

If  set  ncro 

«  three  Colum 

in   t 

e  lowe 

st  charge 

will  be  30 

«. 

Pi 

ge.  £■<;  H 

M} 

■'"'■■ 

£1  ins. 

Column 

£1. 

GARDENERS  and  OTHERS  WANTING  SITUATIONS. 

26  wortU,  including  name  aud  addre^^.  Is   i3<^., 
and  6d.  for  every  udditioual  line  (about  9  word-*)  or  part 


THESE  ADVERTISEMENTS  MUST  BE  PREPAID, 
lis  ^cale  doej  not  apply  to  announcemeutj  of   Vacant 
Situations,  which  are  charged  at  the  ordinary  scale. 


IMPORTANT  XOTICE.— Advertisers  are  cautioned 
against  having  Letters  addressed  to  Initiah  at  Post-oJ/ices,  as 
ail  Letters  so  addressed  are  opened  b'j  the  authorities  and 
returned  to  the  sender. 

Births,  Deaths  and  Marriages,  Ss.  each  insertion. 

Advertisements  for  the  current  week  MU.ST  rearh  the  0/Iire  by 

Tharsdai/  noon. 


All  Sutiscriptioas  Payable  In  Advance. 

The   United  Kixudom  ;   12  Mouths,  IBs. ;   6  :Houths, 

78.  6d.;  3  Months,  3s,  9d, 

Foreign  (excepting  India  ami  China);    including   Postaf^ 

173.  6d.  for  12  Months;   India  and  China  19s.  6d. 

Po%t  office  tirdera    to  be  made  payable    at  the   Post   Ofll, 

42,  nRUBY  LANE,  W.c'to  W.  Richarhs. 


PuBLisHiNo  OrricE  ,111(1  OriicE  for  Adverti.sements, 

41,  Wellington  Street,  strand,  London,  W.C. 


Fourteen  Silver 


Medals. 


JOHN  MATTHEWS,  The  Royal  Pottery, 
Weston-super-Mare,  Manufacturer  of  TEER.V  COTTA 
VASES.  FOUNTAINS,  ITALIAN  BASKETS,  BORDER 
TILES.  GARDEN  POTS  of  superior  quality,  from  I  to  30  inches 
diameter,  stand  the  frost«,  and  seldom  turn  gree.i ;  ORCHID, 
FERN.  SEED,  and  STRIKING-PANS,  RHUBARB  and  SEA- 
KAlJi  POTS,  &c. 

Price  List  post-free.    Book  of  Designs,  Is.  Gd. 

Rasher's  Garden  Edging  Tiles. 


THE  ABOVE  and  many  other  PATTERNS 
are  made  in  materials  of  great  durability.  The  plainer 
sorts  are  specially  suited  for 
(KITCHEN  GARDENS, 
they  harbour  no  Slugs 
Insects,  take  up  little 

further  labour  or  expense, 

do  "grown"  Edgings, 

quently  being  much  cheaper. 
GARDEN  VASES,  FOUNTAINS.  &c..  in  Artificial  Stone,  very 
durable  and  of  superior  finish,  and  in  great  variety  of  design. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.,  Manufacturers.  Upper  Ground 
Street,  Blackfriars,  S.E.  ;  King's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. ; 
Kingsland  Road,  E. 

Agents    for    LOOKER'S    PATENT    "ACME"    FRAMES, 
PLANT    COVERS,    and    PROPAGATING    BOXES  :      also  for 
FOXLEY'S  PATENT  BEADED  GARDEN  WALL  BRICKS. 
Illustrated  Price  LISTS  Free  by  Post.    The  Trade  supplied. 

ORNAMENTAL  PAVING  TILES, 
for  Conservatories,  Halls,  Corridors,  Balconies,  &c., 
from  3.^.  per  square  yard  upwards.  Pattern  Sheet  of  Plain  or 
more  elaborate  Design,  with  Prices,  sent  for  selection. 

WHITE    GLAZED    TILES,    for   Lining    Walls   of   Dairies, 

Larders,  Kitchen  Ranges,  Baths,  &c.  Grooved  and  other  Stable 

Paving  of  great  durability.  Wall  Copings,  Drain  Pipes  and  Tiles 

of  all  kinds.  Roofing  Tiles  in  great  variety,  Slates,  Cement,  &c. 

F.  ROSKER  AND  CO.,  Brick  and  Tile  Merchants. 

See  Addresses  above. 

C      I      L    "V     E     R  S     A      N      D, 

O     fine  or  coarse  grain  as  desired.      Price  by  post,  per  Ton 
or  Truckload,  on  Wharf  in  London,  or  delivered  direct  from 
Fits  to  any  Railway  Station.     Samples  of  Sand  free  by  post. 
FLINTS  and  BRICK  BimR-S  fur  Rockeries  or  Ferneries. 
KENT  PEATS  or  LOAM  supplied  at  lowest  rates  in  any 
quantities. 

F.  ROSHER  AND  CO.— Addresses  see  above. 

N.B.— Orders  promptly  executed  by  Rail  or  to  Wharves. 

A  liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade. 


GARDEN     REQUISITES.  —  Sticks,    Labels, 
Virgin  Cork,  Rartia.  Mats.  Bamboo  Canes,  Rustic  Work, 
Manures,  slc.     Cheapest  Prices  of 
WATSON  AND  SCULL,  90,  Lower  Thames  Street,  London,  E.C. 


GARDEN 
We    have    just    recelvetl 
specially  selected  for  Garden 


MAT    S.— 

New    Season's   MATS, 


NEW  ARCHANGEL  (full  size),  90s.  per  100.  10s.  per  ten. 
BEST  HEAVY  RUSSIAN,  70s.  per  100.  7s.  6d.  per  ten. 
Other  sorts  cheaper. 
BRINKWORTH  asd  SONS,  Importers,  Rea.ling, 

AUTUMN     REQUIREMENTS 
FOR     THE     TRADE, 

Our  SHOW  EODJIS  are  now  tullv  turni^lied  with  cverv 
novelty  in  DRIED  FLOWERS,  GRASSES,  and  GENERAL 
SUNDRIES  required  for  the  Autumn  and  Winter  Season. 

Early  inspection  especially  solicited. 

CORRY.  SOPER,  EOWLER &  CO.,  16.  Fihstiury  St.,  EC. 

RUSSIA  MATS  &  RAFFIA 

NEW  SEASON'S  AKCIIANGEE  MATS. 

Taganrog,  Petersburg,  and  every  other  description 

of  Russian  Mats. 

RAFFIA  (Fresh  Arrival). 

SPECIAL    QUOTATIONS   on   APPLICATION. 

JAMES  T.  ANDERSON, 

136.  COMMERCIAL  STREET,   LONDON.  E^ 

Accidents  at  Home  and  Abroad. 

Railway  Accidents,  Employer's  Li;i!iilit.\,  iii-ured  sgainst  by  the 

IJAILWAY    PASSENCiEKS'  ASSURANCE 

-Lt  COMPANY,  i;4,  Cornhill,  Lon.Km.  In.onie  £246,000. 
Compensation  paid  for  118.000  accidents,  £_'. 350,000.  Mode- 
rate Premiums — favourable  conditions.  Prompt  and  Liberal 
settlement  of  Claims.  Chairman,  Harvie  M.  Farciuhar,  Esq. 
Weil  End  Office.  8.  Grand  Hotel  Buldings.  W.C. ;  Head 
Office,  61,  Cornhill,  London,  E.C. 

WILLIAM  .T.  \-AN.  Secretary. 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    WATER. 

E    P    P    S    '    S 

GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. 

COCOA 

MADE    WITH    BOILING    MILK. 


Just  Published,  price  2s.  ;  per  post,  2s.  3./. 

REPORT   of   the  Al'PLE  and  PEAR  CON- 
GRESS held    by   the  Roval   Caledonian  Horticultural 
Societv.  Edinburgh.  ISR.i.    Edited  bv  Malcolm  Df\-.-i. 
'Edinburgh  — MACLACltr.AN  anu  STEWART. 
London— .'ilMPKI.V,  .MAKSIIALL  AM)  CO. 


W^ 


uith  small  capital, 
J.    Lif  Plants— to  act  for 


Advertiser  ;ts    [. 
Natural    Hi,tui',    s,,. 
Pacific  Plants,  Cnrio< 
ivell  New  Road.  S.E. 


in  gei 


WANTED,  an  experienced  MARKliT  GAR- 
DENER (under  Glass).— Must  thoroughly  understand 
the  Forcing  of  Early  Fruit  and  Flowers.  Roses,  Cucumbers, 
Tomatos,  Grapes,  &c.  In  Famborough,  Kent. — .Applv  bv  letter, 
with  references,  to  E.  P.,  8,  Moorfields,  City.  E.C. 


w 


ANTED,    an    Outdoor    WORKING 

FOREMAN,  with  a  good  general  knowledge  of  Hardy 
Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs.  Conifera-,  American  PKsnts, 
Roses,  Hardy  Climbers,  &c.— Applv,  with  reference,  to  EDWIN 
HOLLA-MIrt',  The  Nurseries,  Groombridge,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

ESSRS.   THOS.   CRIPPS   and   SON,  The 

Tunbridge  Wells'  Nurs.rii -,  K.  hi,  ln>..  a  VACANCY 
in  their  establishment  for  a  fir-l  '  i!:  i  i ' ;  M'OR  of  Hard 
and   Soft-wooded   Plants.      Mii  ■  ,  -kiltul    with 

Clematises.    Rhododendrons.     V."--        <    hj,i.i..    .Veers.    &c. — 
Address  as  above,  stating  age.    \\.i..i:  -.  n-.|iiiied,  and  enclosing 

ANTED,     a     PLANT     GROAVER     and 

PROPAGATOR.— Must  be  clever  and  energetic,  with 
goCMl  character. — Apply,  with  particulars  and  %vages  expected, 
to  FLORIST,  Gardeners'  ChronicleO([w.e,i\,  WellingtonStreet, 
Strand,  W.C. 

ANTED,  a  young  MAN,  used  to  Budding 
and  Grafting  Roses,  and  General  Nursery  Work.- State 
wages  and   reference  to  GEO.   MOUNT,  The  Rose  Nursery, 
Canterbury. 

WANTED,  a  quick  and  intelligent  Young 
Man  for  the  Orchid  Houses,  who  has  worked  under  a 
good  Grower.  Wages  to  commence,  24s.  per  week.— WALTER 
COBB,  Silverdale  Lodge.  Syd.-nliam.  S.W. 

Seed  Trade. 

WANTED,  a  thoiou<,'hlv  capable  and  superior 
Man  as  HEAD  SHOI'.MAN",  t„r  a  large  Provincial  Seed 
Business. — .Address,  stating  age,  particulars  of  experience, 
salary,  &c.,  to  S.  S.  B..  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41. 
Wellington  Street,  Strand.  W.C. 

WT'ANTED  AT  ONCE,  an  ASSISTANT  for 

T  T  Florist's  Shop,  where  lirst-class  trade  is  done. — -Apply, 
stating  wages,  to  H.  ENGLISH,  Fairlie  Nursery,  Clevetlon, 
Somerset. 


WANTED,  an  intelligent,  active  MAN,  with 
knowledge  of  Plants,  &c.  :  able  to  undertake  Clerical 
Work,  and  occasional  short  Home  Journey  ;  a  knowledge  of  the 
Seed  Trade  also  desirable. — Address,  stating  full  particulars, 
with  wages,  A.  Z.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Olhce,  41,  Wellington 
Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


GARDENING    APPOINTMENTS. 

Mn.  R.  ScoTT,  for  the  last  three  months  Pro- 
pagator in  the  Zoological  Society's  Gardens, 
Regent's  Park,  is  appointed  Head  Gardener  to 
the  Hon.  H.  Sewell,  Steephill  Castle,  Ventnor, 
Isle  of  Wight. 

Mr.  Isaac  Milsom,  late  of  Kilkea  Castle,  co. 
Kildare,  ha.s  been  appointed  Head  Gardener  to 
Sir  Harry  Vebney,  liart.,  Claydon  Park, 
Winslow,  Bucks. 

Mr.  F.  SiMMONDS,  formerly  Gardener  at  Sand- 
ridge  Park,  Melksham,  has  been  appointed  to 
the  charge  of  the  garden  of  C.  B.  AX'indeler, 
Esq.,  Long  Ditton  Hill,  Surrey. 


WANT     PLACES. 


POSTAL  ORDERS.— To  Advertisers,  Subscribers,  and 
Others. — It  is  very  important  in  Remitting  bij  Postal  Order 
that  it  shovld  be  filled  in  payable  to  No.  4^.  DRURY  LANE, 
to  W.  RICHARDS,  as.  unless  the  numbtfT  of  a  Postal  Order  is 
htoivn,  and  it  has  been  made  payable  at  a  particular  office,  and 
to  a  particular  person,  it  is  impossible  to  prevent  any  person 
into  whose  hands  it  may  fall  from  negotiating  it, 

N.n.  -The  btst  and  safest  means  of  Remitting  is  by  P0S7- 
OFFICE  ORDER. 


icr  iters. 

NOTICE  TO  ADVERT  ISEUS.— In  many  in-itance^ 
Remittances  in  Payment  of  Repeat  Advertisements  avf 
rcceioed  ivithout  name,  addi-ess,  or  anything  beyond  the 
postmark  07t  envelope  by  irhich  to  identify  the  sender;  this 
in  all  cases  causes  a  vejy  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  fre- 
{/nently  the  sendei'  cannot  be  identified  at  all. 

Advei'tuters  are  reqn^fted  when  Remitting  to  give  their 
Names  and  Addreases,  and  also  a  Reference  to  the  Adver- 
tisement which  they  trlsh  repeated. 

^COTCH  GARDENERS. 

O  —John  Downie,  Seedsman,  144,  Priuces  Street,  Edin- 
burgh, has  at  present  on  his  List  a  number  of  SCOTCH 
GAKDENERS.  waiting  re-engagementq.  He  will  be  pleased  (.o 
supply  full  particulars  to  any  Lady,  Xoblfni'.tn,  or  Gentleman 
requiring  a  trustworthy  and  competent  Gardener. 

BS.  WILLIAMS  begs  to  intimate  that  he 
•  has  at  present  in  tlie  Niir-..'ry  .inil  upon  his  Register 
some  excellent  Men,  comp'-t. n'  .  'Ii  ,-  i..  I'll  iht"  situation  of 
HEAD  GARDENER,  BAILIl  I  ,  I  '■!:;  M  ^  \,  or  JOURNEY- 
MAN. Ladies  and  Gentlem.f.  ;  .1  the  above  will 
please  send  full  particulars,  uL  i.  '..<■  -.  -.  Ifitions  for  the 
different  capacities  will  be  dkhI.  .      UMi:^>,v,[\ .  \. 


Situations  Wanted. 

JOHN  LAING  AND  tSONS,  having  filled  many 
important  place.^,  can  RECOMMEND  with  every  confi- 
dence, energetic  and  practical  MEN  of  tested  ability  and 
first-rate  character.  Ladies  aud  Gentlemen  in  want  of  Gar- 
deners and  Bailiffs,  or  Gardeners  for  tirst-rate  Establishments, 
or  Single- hand eil  situations,  can  be  suited,  and  have  full  par- 
ticulars by  applying  to  us.  No  fee  charged. — JOHN  LAING 
AND  SONS.  The  Nurseries,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 


SCOTCH  GARDENERS.— Several  very  supe- 
rior  Men  on  our  Books,  whom  we  can  recommend  with 
utmost  confidence.  Established  1717.— ALISTIN  and  McAS- 
LAN.  Nursery  and  Seedsmen,  16.  Buchanan  Street,  Glasgow. 

R~  IC  H  A  irD  "S  U  I  T  H  AND  CO. 
beg  to  announce  that  they  are  constantly  receiving 
applications  from  Gardeners,  seeking  situations,  and  that  they 
will  be  able  to  supply  any  Lady  or  Gentleman  with  particulars, 
4c.— St.  John's  Nurseries.  Worcester. 

THE  LIVERPOOL  HORTICULTURAL 
CO.  (John  Cowan),  Limited,  The  Vineyard  and  Nur- 
series, Garston,  near  Liverpool,  are  at  present  in  a  position  to 
recommend  a  competent  man  of  excellent  character  as  HEAD 
GAROENER,  and  also  another  MAN.  who.  in  addition  to  being 
a  good  General  Gardener,  has  had  great  experience  aa  an 
Orchid  Grower.  Both  men  are  capaole  of  Managing  Large 
Estabtishments. 

To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen. 

MANAGER  or  GARDENER.— Middle-aged, 
single;  energetic.  Thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches 
of  the  profession — the  Rearing  of  Arboreous  Trees,  Slanage- 
ment  of  Woods  and  Flantations,  andtheLiiyin^-outof  Pleasure 
Grounds  and  Ground  Work  generally.  Good  references. — R,  C, 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41. WellingtonStreet. Strand, W.C. 

^ITANAGER,  or  FOREMAN,  in  a  good  Fruit 

XtX  Growing  Establishment.— Age  42;  thoroughly  well  up 
in  Grapes,  Peaches,  Cucumbers,  Beans,  Straw'berries,  Cut 
Flowers,  J'erns,  Plants,  &c.  Good  knowledge  of  Piping. 
Upwards  of  three  years'  excellent  character  from  a  large  place 
in  Jersey.— HORTUS,  81,  Lot's  Road,  Chelsea,  S.W. 

ARDENER  (Head).— Middle-age,  married, 

late  of  Folieson  Park— six  and  a  half  years  ;  thoroughlj 
competent  in  his  profession.— B.,  Longhu'rst  Cottage,  Bull 
Brook,  Bracknell,  Berks,  W. 


OCTOBEK    1,    1887.] 


TEE    GA]?DENE1?S'     C  HE  ONI  CLE. 


419 


GARDENER  (Head).— Thoroughly  practical 
in  every  branch  of  the  profession  ;  sixteen  years'  excel- 
lent character  from  last  situation.— J.  B.,  Bailey,  Florist. 
Poplar  Walk,  Heme  Hill,  Dnlwich,  S.E. 

AKDEXER    (Head).— Mr.    Nisbet,   Gar- 

dencr.  Aswarby  Park.  Fnlkingham,  Lincolnshire,  will 
be   please.l    to    recommend    to    any    Lady    or    Gentleman    ii 


G 


To  Noblemen  and  Gentlemen. 
AKDENJ-Mt  (11i:ahi. — Age  04,  married,  one 

chiKi;  al'-tainer.  Advtrtiser,  with  twenty  years' expe- 
rieuce  in  large  places,  desires  immediate  re-eugagemeut.  Well 
recommemle.1,— J.  JORDAN,  Great  Briugton,  Nortluimpton. 

AKDENEH  (Head)  ;  age  27.— G.  Mehritt, 

Gardener  to  the  Right  Hon.  Lord  Dacre,  Kimptou  Hoo, 
Welwyn,  Herts,  desires  to  recommend  his  Foreman,  James 
Anderson.  Thoroughly  practical  iu  all  branches.  Testimonials 
of  the  highest  order. 

ARUEiNEU    (Head);    age   28.   single.— H. 

Downing,  Gardener,  Norbury  Park,  near  Dorking, 
Surrey,  will  be  pleased  to  recommend  to  any  Lady  or  Gentle- 
man a  thorough  honest,  sober,  industrious,  hard-working  man 
who  thoroughly  understands  his  business.  A  Single-handed 
place  not  objected  to.    Shall  be  pleased  to  answer  any  inquiries. 


GARDENER  (Head,  where  two  or  three  Under 
Gaideners  are  kept).— Age  4.5 ;  at  liberty  on  October  24. 
An  excellent,  all-round  Gardener,  of  long  practice,  would  be 
glad  to  meet  with  a  situation.  High  wages  not  desired  ; 
mo<lerate  waees  accepted.— Letters  to  be  addressed  to  F.  M., 
Gardeners'  Chronicle  Office,  41,  Wellington  Street.  Strand,  W.C. 

/GARDENER  (Head);  age  30.~Mr.  Clarke, 

VX  Gardener,  Lowther  Castle,  Penrith,  has  very  great 
pleasure  in  recommending  his  Foreman,  \Vm.  Webber,  to  any 
Nobleman,  Lady,  or  Gentleman,  who  may  be  in  want  of  a 
thoroughly  efficient  and  trustworthy  man,  with  excellent 
references  from  previous  employers. 

ARDENER(Head);  age  28.— Geo.  Smith, 

Gardener,  The  Street,  Chorley.  Lancashire,  will  be 
pleased  to-recommend  his  Foreman,  R*.  Bateman,  to  any  Lady 
or  Gentleman  requiring  a  thorough  practical  trustworthy  man, 
First-cl,ftss..expgritnce.ia  several  leading  establishments,  in- 
cluding Worksop  Manor,  Enville  Hall,  Eastnor  Castle,  &c. 
Land  and  Stock  if  required. 

f^  ARDENER    (Head)  ;     age    30.  —  H.    AV. 

VT  Ward,  Gardener  to  t)ie  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Radnor, 
Longford  Castle,  Salisbury,  can,  with  every  confidence  of  his 
giving  satisfaction,  recommend  his  Foreman,  Henry  Dunkin, 
to  any  Lady.  NobU-maii,  or  Gentleman  reiiuiring  the  services 
of  a  thoroughly  practical  man  in  every  bruncli  of  Gardening. 
He  is  a  very  energetic  and  highly  respectable  man,  and  quile 
competent  to  Manage  a  First-cUiss  Gardening  Establishment. 


C GARDENER  (Head  WorkixVg).— Age  29, 
IT  married,  one  in  family;  thoroughly  understands  Fruit, 
Flower,  and  Vegetable  Forcing,  &c.  Sixteen  years' experience 
in  large  places.— C.  ENSOLL,  Claydon,  Winslow,  Bucks. 

ARDENER   (Head  Workixg).  —  Age  SO, 

married  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  all  branches.  Guod 
character.— H.  BKYANT,  Ifil,  Leighton  Road,  Keutisli  Town, 
London,  N.W. 

G GARDENER  (Head  Working).— Age  38, 
X  married,  no  family  ;  thoroughly  experienced  in  Forcing 
all  kinds  of  Fruits,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables.  Good  character. 
— T.  B.,  Oakwood  Hall  Lodge,  Romiley,  Stockport. 

ARDENER    (Head    Workini^).— Age  35; 

married.  Understands  Vines.  Peach  Honse,^,  Stove 
Plants,  -Melons.  Flower  and  Kitchen  Garden,  &c.  Good 
character.— W.  PECK.  Church  Road,  Winclimore  Hill,  X. 

ARDENER    (Head    AVorking).— Age  30, 

married.  £o  Bonus  will  be  given  to  anyone  securing 
advertisera  comfortable  situation.  Sixteen  years'  experience  in 
good  establishments.  Can  "be  highly  recommended. — REDING- 
TON,  Wonersh,  near  Guildford,  Surrey. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working).  —  Vi. 
Stevens.  Gardener  to  C.  C.  Rogers,  Esq.,  Stanage  Park, 
can  with  confidence  recommend  his  late  Second  Gardener  to 
any  Lady  or  Gentleman  requiring  the  services  of  a  practical 
man.— W.  C.  Princess  Street,  Ware.  Herts. 

f^  ARDENER  (Head  Working),  where  four 

xDT  or  more  are  kept.—  Age  .33  ;  eighteen  years'  experience 
in  Early  and  Late  Forcing  of  Fruit,  Flowers,  and  Vegetables  ; 
also  Flower  and  Kitchen  Gardens.  Excellent  character  and 
references.— CHARLES  ARTHUR  TOLLEY,  Cowley  Manor 
Gardens,  near  Cheltenham. 


GARDENER  (Head  Working)  ;  age  27, 
single.— David  Brown,  Gardener  to  Colonel  Maitland, 
Winchfield  House,  Winchfield,  Hants,  is  open  to  re-engage 
with  any  Lady  or  Gentleman,  as  Head  Working  Gardener. 
Twelve  years' experience  in  Gardening  in  all  its  briinches. — 
For  character  and  ability  apply  to  the  above. 


GARDENER    (Head     Working,    or     good 
Single-handed).— Single ;  experienced  both  in  Flower 
1  and  Kitchen  Gardening,      Good  character.     Total  abstainer. 

^  Country  preferred.— H.  TOMS,  F.  Pelham,  Buntingford,  Herts. 

I        f^  ARDENER     (Head,     or     good     Singi^- 

I  VX    HANDED);    age  30,  married,  one  child. — Alexander 

L  Wilson,  Victoria  Nursery,   Romford,  Esses,  can  confidently 

recommend  a  man  in  either  capacity.     Three  years  in  present 
situation.     Leaving  through  death. — Address  as  above. 


GARDENER,  with  one,  two,  or  three  under 
him  ;  age  36,  married,  four  children. — A  Gentleman 
can  recommend  a  Gardener  with  twenty-one  years'  experience 
in  Houses,  Kitchen  and  Flower  Gardens,  who  understands 
Grapes,  Melons.  Peaches,  &c.— CHARLES  CAPLING,  Bed- 
hampton  Hill,  Havant. 


GARDENER.— Age     25 ;      good     character. 
Willing  to  make  himself  generally  useful.— A.  JACOBS, 
Mill  Green,  Ingatestone,  Esses. 


GARDENER  ;  middle-aged,  married,  two 
children.— Capt.  J.  H.  Platt,  Dene  Park,  Tunbridge, 
wishes  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  who  is  leaving,  through 
making  changes  in  his  garden.  Good  character  from  previous 
employer. 

GARDENER ;  age  35,  married,  no  family. — 
A  Gentleman  wishes  to  recommend  his  Gardener,  who 
has  been  with  him  eleven  years;  thoroughly  experienced  in 
all  branches  of  the  prolessiou. — J.  D.,  3,  Weissenburg  Terrace, 
Ore,  Hastings. 

/^^  ARDENER  (Working),  or    where   one   or 

vT     two  are  kept. — Age  42,  married  ;    seven  years'  excellent 
references.— W,  GROVE,  Box  Grove,  Dedworth.  Windsor, 

GARDENER  (Single-handed),  or  where 
another  one  or  two  are  kept.— Middle-aged.  Will  make 
himself  useful.— J.  DEAN,  ];>,  Bell  Lane,  Enfield  Wash, 
Middlesex. 


GARDENER,  or  good  SECOND.— Age  28, 
single  :  thorongh  knowledge  of  all  branches  of  the 
profession. — D.  A.,  W.  Pearce,  City  Bank,  Queen  Victoria 
Street,  E.O. 

GARDENER  (Second),  where  two  or  three 
are  kept.— Age  2.3 ;  eight  years'  experience.— 0.  WTilLLER, 
Hookwood  Common,  Horlev,  Surrey;  or  the  G,UIDENEK, 
Finches,  Lindlield,  Sussex. 

GJ.ARDENER  (Second),  or  JOURNEYMAN 
1^  in  a  good  establishment. — Age  22;  good  character  and 
testimonials  from  previous  employers.  Disengaged.  —  A. 
EVERARD,  Shord  Hill,  Kenley,  Surrey. 

ARDENER     (Undeh).  —  Age    22  :    seven 

years'  experience  Inside  and  Out.    Excellent  characrter. 
—A.  HAWKES,  Widtord,  near  Chelmsford,  Essex. 


GARDENER   (Under),  in  the  Houses   pre- 
ferred.— Age  21.    Six  years'  experience.    Good  charac- 
ter.—A.  B.,  200,  Walton  Street,  Chelsea,  London,  S.W. 


GARDENER  (Under).— Age  20  ;  eight  years' 
experience.  Good  character.  Can  be  well  recommended 
by  previous  employers.— Please  st.Tte  wages.  &c.,  to  R.  LAR- 
COMBE,  North  Street,  Monkwearmouth,  Sunderland. 


FOREMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  27  ;  twelve 
years'  experience  in  good  places.  Good  references  or 
testimonials.— WM.  ROBINSON,  Crcsswell,  Morpeth,  Nortlium- 
berland. 


UOREMAN.— J.  W.  Machathie,  Gardener  to 

JL  the  Marquis  of  Lothian,  has  great  pleasure  in  recom- 
mending Joseph  Black  to  any  Gardener  requiring  an  energetic 
and  trustworthy  man.  Has  had  the  best  of  trading  in  leading 
Scotch  establishments.  England  preferred. — Address  for  par- 
ticulars to  Newbattle  Gardens,  Dalkeith,  JT.B. 

Trade. 

FOREMAN  (WoBKi.vG),  er  PROPAGATOR 
and  GROWER.— Fifteen  years' experience  in  all  branches, 
including  Wreaths,  Bouquets,  &c.  disengaged. — M.,  9.  Grove 
Place,  Acton,  W. 

OREMAN    GROA\ER,    on   Commission    or 

otherwise,  of  Flowers  and  Fraits  for  Market,  or  private 
purposes. — T.  C,  Market  Square,  Bivhop  Stortford,  Herts, 

URSERY  FOREMAN  and  PROPAGATOR 

of  stove  and  Greenhouse  Plants,  Roses.  Orchids.  Ferns, 
and  Soft-wooded  stuff.  Forcing,  &c.— C,  Spring  Cottage, 
High  Road,  Whetstone,  N. 

ROPAGATOR   and  GROAVER  for  Market. 

—Age  30;  well  up  in  all  branches  of  the  Cut  Flower  and 
Plant  Trade,    Sixteen  years'  experience. — B.,  168,  Lodge  Lane, 

RUIT     GROWER.— Age   30,    single;    tho- 

roughly  experienced  in  Vines,  Melons,  Cucumbers, 
Tomatos,  Mushrooms,  Strawberries  in  pots,  and  General  Cul- 
ture of  Plants. — Would  go  abroad  if  required. — J.  JONES,  Red 
Lion  Yard,  New  Brentford,  Middlesex. 

JOURNEYMAN;  age  l*^.— Mr.  Ward,  Little 
Aston,  Sutton  Coldlield.  can  recommend  a  strong  active 
young  man.     Two  and  a  half  years'  experience. 

OURNEYMAN  (First),  in  the  Houses,  in  a 
good  garden  establishment.— Age  22 ;  eight  years'  expe- 
rience.     Highly    recommended. —.T.    PRICE,    The    Gardens, 
Avenue  House,  Church  End,  Finchley,  N. 

OURNEYMAN,  in  the  Houses.— Age  22.— 

J.  Oldfield,  Chirk  Castle,  Ruabon,  will  be  pleased  to 
recommend  a  young  man.  Eight  and  a  half  years'  experience. 
Bothy  preferred.    Address  as  above. 


STOCK  GROOMandCOACHMAN,or  GROOM 
and  GARDENER.— Age  3,i,  married,  one  boy  ;  respect- 
able ;  used  to  Live  Stock.  First-cl;iss  references. — .A.  B.,  .j, 
Sinclair  Mews,  West  Kensington.  London,  W. 


IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses  in  a  Gentleman's 
Garden, — Age  18  ;  is  strong  and  willing.    Two  years'  cha- 
racter.- Rev.  O.  HORNER,  Mells  Rectory,  Frome. 

IMPROVER. — Wanted,  a  situation  for  a  strong, 
active  youth  (nearly  17).  Two  years'  experience  under 
Glass  and  in  General  Gardening.  Abstainer.— G.  CUETIS, 
Timsbury  Manor,  Romsey,  Hamp>]iirc. 


IMPROVER,  in  a  Gentleman's  Garden.— 
Age  20;  would  be  willing  and  obliging.  Total  abstainer. 
Two  and  a  half  years'  experience.  Good  character.  A  Pre- 
mium given.— H.  SAMPSON,  Hall  Street,  Briston,  Norfolk. 


MPROVER. — A  respectable  young  man  seek.s 

re-engagement  in  the  Houses.    Willing  to  pay  Premium, 
od  character.— Box  834,  403,  Strand,  W.C. 


IMPROVER,  in  the  Houses.— Age  20  ;  strong 
and  active.    Good   references.— E.  HENEAGE.  the  Gar- 
dens, Revesby  Abbey,  Boston. 


IMPROVER.- Age    16;    will   pay  Premium 

i  where  he  will  get  a  good  practical  knowledge  of  Green- 
house Work;  strong,  active,  and  trustworthy.  Well  recom- 
mended.—Rev.  T.  E.  JAMESON.  East  Claydon  Vicarage,  Bucks. 

0    ROSE    GROWERS,   &c.— Advertiser,  of 

twenty-five  years'  practical  experience  as  Propagator 
and  Grower  of  Roses  in  all  its  branches,  with  a  thorough  know- 
ledge of  General  Nursery  Stock,  of  active  business  habits, 
first-class  education  and  an  abstainer,  wishes  for  a  permanent 
engagement.  The  highest  testimonials  and  references.  Terms 
moderate.— A.  B.,  Mr.  Duffield,  Bohemia,  St.  Lf^onard'g. 

RCHID  GROWERS.— Wanted  by  a  young 

man  (age  20)',  a  situation  under  a  good  Orchid  Grower, 

where  he   can    obtain   a  knowledge    of    Orchids,      Moderate 

Premium.    Six    years'    experience    Indoors  and  Out.     Good 

character.— W.  B.,  Mrs.  Dudley,  Fulmer  Post  Office,  Slough. 

0     NURSERYMEN     and     FLORISTS.  — 

A  young  man  (age  20)  requires  situation  in  Houses;  has 
had  five  years  in  and  outdoor  experience.— PITTS,  6,  Ivy  Ter- 
race, Baddow  Road,  Chelmsford,  Essex. 

TO  NURSERYMEN.— Wanted,  a  situation  in 
a  Nursery,  or  Gentleman's  Garden.- Age  20;  six  years' 
experience.  Total  abstainer.  Good  character  from  last  em- 
ployer.—H.  BENNETT.  Steeple  Aston,  Oxon. 

a^O  NURSERYMEN,  &c.— Wanted,  a  situa- 

JL  tion  in  the  Nursery  or  Garden. — Age  22  ;  good  experience. 
Good  character  from  last  employer.— T.  F,  14,  Exmouth  Road, 
Southsea,  Hants. 

0     GARDENERS.— AVanted,   to     place    an 

intelligent  youth  in  a  good   Garden.    Willing  to  pay  a 

small  Premium.— W.  WHIBBERLEY.  Oulton  Park,  Tarporley. 

Nursery  and  Seed  Trade. 

BOOK-KEEPER  and  CASHIER.— 
Thoroughly  experienced,  desires  engagement.  First- 
class  testimonials.— X.  X.,  Gardmers'  Chronicle  Office,  41, 
Wellington  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 

TNVOIGE  CLERirand^^OREIGN   CORRE- 

X  SPONDENT  (French,  German,  and  English).— Age  2.') ; 
good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  Seed  Trade.  Apprenticed  to  the 
former.  Can  he  highly  recommended.  London  preferred. — 
G.  E.,  Seabrook  &  Co.,  Swanley  Junction,  Kent. 

To  Seedsmen  and  Florists. 

SHOPMAN,    CLERK,    or   TRAVELLER.— 
Experienced.   Trustworthy  and  obliging;  good  references. 
— M.  A.,  78,  Pevensey  Road,  Eastbourne. 

Seedsman. 
C  HOPMAN,  or  WAREHOUSE  MANAGER, 

Kj  open  for  engagement. — Eighteen  years'  experience  in  all 
branches;  first-class  testimonials,  and  highot  references.—" 
A.  S.  D.,  Tillie  &  Turner,  Edinburgh. 

SHOPMAN,  or  WAREHOUSEMAN.— Age 
23;  six  vears'  experience.  First-class  references. — 
T.  W.  G..  Gardmers'  Chronicle  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street, 
Strand.  W.C. 

SHOPMAN,  or  SECOND.  —  Advertiser 
wishes  situation  as  above.  Ten  years'  experience  in 
leading  Scotch  Houses.  Good  general  knowledge  of  the  Seed 
and  Bulb  Trade.  Well  up  in  Nursery  Stock  and  its  Value, 
also  Book-keeping.  First-class  testimonials.  Moderate  salary. 
— D.  E.  F.,  Messrs.  Hurst  Sc  Son,  152,  Houndsditch,  London,  E.C, 

SHOPMAN,  or  ASSISTANT.— Age  21 ;  five 
O  years'  experience.  Good  knowledge  of  Plant  and  Seed 
Trade.    Good  references.— JNO.  HARDING,  St.  Neots,  Hunts. 

O   FLORISTS.— Required,  a  Situation  in  a 

Floral  E-stablishraent.  Two  years'  experience  as  Clerk 
and  Cashier  in  a  first-rate  house.  Exceptional  testimonials. 
Terms  moderate.— W.  H.,  3,  Hilton  Road,  HoUoway,  N. 

O  FLORISTS.— Wanted,  a  situation  in  a  good 

Florist's  Shop.  Well  experienced  in  Plants,  Cut  Flowers, 
Furnishing,  Decorating.  &c.  Age  24.  Good  reference. — J.  W., 
Barn  Elms,  Barnes,  S.W. 

SEED  TRADE.— A  young  Englishman  seeks 
a  situation  in  a  good  Business,  Wholesale  or  Retail — 
Office,  Shop,  or  Warehouse.  Moderate  salary.  Excellent 
knowledge  of  German.  Two  years'  experience  in  good  German 
Houses.  First-class  testimonials. — D.  F.  G.,  Messrs.  Cooper, 
Taber  &  Co..  Wholesale  Seed  Merchants,  90,  Southwark  Street, 
London,  S.E. 

STOKER,  or  any  place  in  a  Market  Nursery. — - 
Married;     good   character. —J.   P.,    .oO,  Thesell  Avenue, 
Noel  Park,  Wood  Green,  N. 


HOLLO  WAY'S  OINTMENT  and  PILT.S. 
— Diseases  of  the  Bowels. — A  remedy  which  has  been 
tested  and  proved  in  a  thousand  different  ways,  capable  of 
eradicating  poisonous  taints  from  Ulcers  and  healing  them  up 
merits  a  trial  of  its  capacity  for  extracting  the  internal 
corruptions  from  the  bowels.  On  rubbing  Holloway's  Ointment 
repeatedly  on  the  abdomen  a  rash  appears,  and  ns  it  thickens 
the  alvine  irritiibility  subsides.  Acting  as  a  derivative  this 
Ointment  draws  to  the  surface,  releases  the  tender  intestines 
from  all  acrid  matters,  and  prevents  Inflammation,  Dysentery, 
and  Piles,  for  which  blistering  was  the  old-fashioned,  though 
successfui  treatment,  now  from  its  painfulness  fallen  into  disuse, 
the  discovery  of  this  Ointment  having  proclaimed  a  remedy 
,  possessing  equally  derivative,  yet  perfectly  painless  powers. 


420 


THE     GJBDENERS'     GHBONICLE. 


[October  1,  1887. 


BOOLTON  &  PADL, 


HORTICULTURAL 
BUILDERS, 


CONSERVATORIES 


rs  ANY  STYLE. 


ORCHID  HOUSES. 

GREENHOUSES 

FOR  ALL  PURPOSES. 


FORCING     HOUSES, 

PITS,     &c. 

CA  TAL  OG  TIES  Post-free. 


No.  73.— GARDEN    FRAMES. 

Sides  of  Frames  14  inches  high,  2  feet  3  inclies 
at  ridge.  Made  so  as  to  be  easily  put  together. 
The  Lights  turn  quite  over.  Our  set-opes  prevent 
the  wind  from  blowing  the  Lights  up.  Painted 
four  coats  best  oil  colour. 

This  Frame  has  given  general  satisfaction,  and 
was  first  brought  out  by  us  in  1883. 


No.  74.— PLANT    FRAMES. 

Are  made  of  the  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the 
best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements, 
and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner.  The  FRAIVTES 
are  of  1^  inch  boards,  13  inches  high  at  front,  24 
inches  high  at  back,  and  32  inches  at  the  ridgo, 
bolted  at  the  corners,  easily  taken  to  pieces  if 
required.  The  LIGHTS  are  2  inches  thick,  fitted 
with  set-opes,  and  arranged  to  turn  over,  back  and 
front,  for  ventilating.  The  whole  painted  four  LOiits. 


SURVEYS        MADE 

in  any  part  of  the  Country. 


Ladies    and    Gentlemen    waited 
upon  hij  appointment. 


ESTIMATES       FREE. 
CATALOGUES 

of  all  our  ilanufactures  Post-free. 


ALL     SIZES     IN     STOCK. 

Cash  prices,  carriage  Paid  :- 

length.    Widtli.    Price. 

1-LloHT  Frame  ...    4  feet  by  6  feet  £2  17  6 

2  ,,            ,.  ...    8  feet  by  6  feet    4    7  « 

3  „            „  ...  12  feet  by  6  feet    5  17  6 

4  „            .,  ...  16  feet  by  6  feet    7    7  6 

5  ,.            „  ...  20  feet  by  6  feet    8  17  6 

6  „            „  ...  24  feet  by  6  feet  10    7  6 

Made  up  to  any  length. 
Packing  Cases  are  allowed  for  in  full,  if  returned 
carriage  paid  at  once,  and  in  good  condition. 


CASH  PRICES,  Carriage  Paid:- 

Length.  Width.  Price. 
IT  Frjmf.  ...  4  feet  by  6  feet  £3  0 
...  8  feet  by  6  feet  4  12 
...  12  feet  by  6  feet  6  6 
...  16  feet  by  6  feet  8  0 
...  20  feet  by  6  feet  9  15 
...  21  feet  by  6:feet  11.10 
Mode  up  to  any  lengtli. 


All  these  Frames  are  painted  four  coats,  and  glazed  with  21-oz.  English  glass. 


No.  76.— CUCUMBER    FRAMES. 

Are  made  of  the  best  sound  red  deal,  sawn  from  the 
best  trees  in  the  forest  to  our  own  requirements, 
and  seasoned  in  a  proper  manner.  The  FRA-MES 
are  of  IJ  inch  boards,  24  inches  high  at  bacii  and 
13  inches  high  in  front,  bolted  at  the  corners,  easily 
taken  to  pieces  if  required.  The  LIGHTS  are  2 
inches  thick,  with  iron  bar  across  and  one  handle 
at  the  top,  and  the  whole  painted  four  coats. 


CASH  PRICES,  Carriage  Faid:- 

Lengtli.    Width.       Price. 

HT  Frame        ...      4  feet  by  6  feet  £2    0  0 

...      8  feet  by  6  feet    3    5  0 

...     12  feet  by  6  feet    4  12  6 

...     16  feet  by  6  feet    6    0  0 

...    20  feet  by  6  feet    7    7  6 

...    21  feet  by  6  feet    8  15  0 
Made  up  to  any  length. 


All  Carriage  Paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and  Wales. 


CASH  PRICES,  Carriage  Paid:- 


No.  64.  — PATENT     PLANT 

PRESERVER. 

Arranged  to  build  on  Brick  Walls. 

Specificatio.v.  —  The  lights  are  made  of 
thoroughly  seasoned  red  deal,  made  to  turn  over 
readily  for  easy  access  to  the  plants ;  also  provided 
with  set-opes  for  ventilation  purposes.  The  top 
lights  and  end  lights  gla:ted  with  21-oz.  English 
glass,  and  painted  four  coats  of  good  oil  paint. 

The  Gardener's  favourite  frame,  used  for  storing 
bedding  plants  in  winter,  and  in  summer  for 
git)wlDg  Melons,  &c.,  arranged  to  build  on  brick- 
work, as  shown,  including  two  glass  ends.  

Carriage  Paid  to  any  Railway  Station  in  England  and  Wales,  also  to  Dublin,  Cork,  Londonderry,  Glasgow,  and  Edinburgh, 

or  Stations  equivalent. 

Editorial  Communication,  should  b«  addressed  to  "  The  Editor;  "  Advertisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "The  Publisher."  at  the  Office,  41.  Wellington  Street  Covent  Garden,  London.  W.C 
Printed  by  Wlluam  Riohabds,  at  the  Office  of  Measrs.  Bradbury,  Aq,nkw  &  Co.,  Lombard  Street,  Precinct  of  Whitefriars,  Oityof  London,  m  tte  Ujunty  of  Middlesex,  and  puMishad  by  ttte 
Hid  WiuxilM  K10HABD9,  St  the  Office,  41,  Wallington  Street,  Pariah  ol  St,  Paul's,  Covent  aaidon,  in  the  said  County SiTOBDil,  October  I,  1887.   Agent  for  Maachester^lOHS  Hetwood. 


Length. 

Width. 

12  feet 

..    5  feet    ... 

18  feet 

..    Sfeet    ... 

12  feet 

..    efeet    ... 

18  feet 

..    6  feet    ... 

12  feet 

..    7  feet    ... 

18  feet 

..     7  feet    ... 

Made  to  any  lengtl 

See  Catalogues 

for  larger 

Established 

No.  2441. 


No.  41.-V0L.  II.  {s^r.:.} 


SATURDAY,  OCTOBEE  8,  1887. 


Newspaper. /Price    3d. 

I    POST-FBEE,  35d. 


CONTENTS. 


Apples  and  Pears  in  Lon- 

Kew SnlUtin        

438 

don  markets,  value  of  . 

4.W 

Kitchen  garden,  the      ... 

4:ft 

Apples,  canker  in 

4;ji 

T.Belia  Timora      

428 

Books  :— 

Lapagerias  at  Messrs.  J. 

Die      Erziehung      der 

Veitch  &  Son's 

4:« 

Pflanzen  aus  Samen  . 

44(1 

Lavenderette       

441 

Table  Decorations       ... 

440 

Legume,  a  sticky-seeded 

4;i2 

Botanical  Magazine 

4:« 

Lihum  auratum 

444 

Canadian  fruits 

4:tH 

Manchester    Apple    and 

Charlesworth's,    Mr.    J., 

Pear  show         

4:« 

Orchids  

4.'!n 

Mouth  at  the  Cape,  a    ... 

420 

Christmas  Roses 

i-.n 

Nelumbium,  white,  the  . 

44.i 

Clematis  Viorna  coccinea 

444 

Nepenthes  at  Messrs.  J. 

Croci.  autumn  species  of 

4;(2 

Veitch  &  Son's  ... 

43H 

Douglas  Fir,  the 

427 

,,    cultxire        

442 

Early  frasts         

444 

New       or      noteworthy 

Florists' flowers 

441 

plants    

428 

Flower  farming  in  South- 

Nurseries, Monifieth      ... 

441 

ern  France       

4:h 

Obituary  ; — 

Flower  garden,  the 

443 

Newell,  G 

44(i 

Foreign  products 

432 

Oranges  of  India... 

4:« 

Forestry 

43.T 

Orchid  notes  and  glean- 

Fruit  cultivation  in  Cali- 

431 

fornia     

43H 

Pears  in  East  Cornwall... 

442 

Fruits  under  glass 

443 

Plants  and  their  culture 

443 

,,     Roses  in  India 

4311 

Potato  Friesland  Beauty 

444 

Gardeu  flowers,  drawings 

Roots         

432 

of 

444 

Royal  Horticultural   So- 

Gardening appointments 

450 

ciety       436 

443 

Grapes        

4:« 

Season,  the          

444 

Hardy  fruit  garden,  the  . 

i\ib 

Societies  :— 

Hixesia  bidentata 

431 

Crystal  Palace 

44.T 

Horticultural  Club 

43,S 

Theophrasta  Jussiasi 

4-28 

Italy  and  the  Phylloxera 

Tomatosand  theirweight 

44.% 

laws       

4:« 

Tridax  bicolor  var.  rosea 

428 

Ketelceria  Fortunei 

!LLl 

440 
JST 

Weather,  the      

?ATIONS. 

44.3 

Cucumbers  rooting  from  stalk 

4.33 

Hellebore,  Kiverston  Hybrid,  t 

e       

437 

Lnveuflerette         

441 

Theophrasta  Jussia;i 

J 

429 

NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS.— All  Numbers 
of  the  "Gardeners'  C/>ro?i>cle"  from  January  1 
of  this  year  are  still  to  be  had. 

HE  ROYAL  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY 

of  SOUTHAMPTON. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  and  FRUTT  SHOW,  NOVEMBER 
1  and  3.  ONE  HUNDRED  and  THIRTY  POUNDS  in  PRIZES, 
a  Silver  Medal  or  Piece  of  Plate,  value  £2  2s.,  will  be  given,  in 
addition  to  the  1st  Prize,  to  the  exhibitor  of  the  best  stand  of 
12  Blooms  in  the  Show.    Entries  close  October  2.^. 

C.  S.  FUIDGE,  Secretary. 
1,  Bevois  Hill  Terrace,  Southampton. 

ORTSMOUTH  CHRYSANTHEMUM, 

FRUIT,  FLOWER,  and  VEGETABLE  SHOW. 

This  will  be  one  of  the  Largest  and  Best  Shows  in  England. 
NOV.  10  and  11,  in  the  New  Drill  Hall,  Alfred  Road,  Landport. 

The  principal  Prizes  are  a  Silver  Cup  value  £25,  and  £14  105. 
in  cash  for  tlie  Class  of  36  Cut  Blooms,  and  the  Jubilee  Prize  of 
£17  lOs.  for  the  Class  of  8  Trained  Specimen  Plants;  in  addition 
to  which,  nearly  £160  will  be  given  in  other  classes.  Entries 
Close  November  I .     Schedules  free  of 

26,  Queen  Street,  Portsea. 


F.  POWER,  Hon.  Sec. 


■\^7'INCHESTER  HORTICULTURAL 

T  >  SOCIETY. 

The  FIFTH  ANNUAL  EXHIEITION  of  CHRYSANTHE- 
MU.MS,  FRUIT  and  FLOWERS  will  be  held  on  NOVEJIBER  15 
and  16.  Entries  must  be  received  before  November  9. 
Schedules  on  application  to 

CHALONER  SHENTON,  Hon.  Sec. 
74,  High  Street,  Winchester. 

n^HE   BRISTOL   CHRYSANTHEMUM  and 

JL  FRUIT  SHOW  will  be  held  at  the  Drill  Hall,  Queen's 
Road,  on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  November  23 
aud  24.    Schedules  may  be  had  by  applying  to 


("CARNATION  "  MRS.  REYNOLDS  HOLE." 

V_^    — A  sterling  novelty.    See  Large  Advertisement  in  issue 
of  Sept.  10.  1887.    CATALOGUES  on  application. 
JAMES  DICKSON  &  SONS,  "  Newtoa"  Nurseries,  Chester. 


QUTTON'S   BULB    CATALOGUE, 

O    containing  accurate  descriptions  and  illustrations  of  the 
leading  kinds  of  Narcissus,  Hyacinths,  and  Tulips,  together 
with  complete  Cultural  Instructions,  Gratis  and  post-free  to 
iiitendiug  purchasers. 
SUTTON  A.\-D  SONS.  The  Queen's  Seedsmen,  READING. 

A  Few  Laxge  Healtliy 

PALMS,    3  to  5  feet  high,  for  immediate 
disposal  —  Latania     borbonica,     Seaforthia     elegans, 
Cbameerops  excelsa,  and  Phcenix  reclinata — from  105.  per  pair. 
GARDENER,  Holly  Lodge.  Stamford  Hill.  London,  N. 


To  the  Trade. 

JOHN  MOOY''  begs  to  inform  his  Friends 
that  he  has  arrived  in  London,  as  usual,  with  a  large 
stock  of  DUTCH  FLOWER  ROOTS.  All  Orders  shall  receive 
his  careful  and  prompt  attention.     Please  address 

JOHN    MOOY,   II,  White  Hart  Street,  Catherine  Street, 
Strand,  W.C.  Private  address,  7,  Catherine  Street,  Strand,  VV.C. 

TEA  ROSES  for  Autumn  and  Winter  Flower- 
ing.— Fine  healthy  Plants,  in  pots,  full  of  flower-buds, 
12s.,  I8s.,  and  245.  per  dozen  ;  extra  strong  plants,  8  to  10  feet, 
of  MARECHAL  NIEL,  GLOIRE  DE  DIJON,  CHESHUNT 
HYBRID,  &c..  3s.  6rf.  to  6s, 

J.  ROBSON,  The  Bowdon  Nurseries,  Altrincham. 


LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY.  — Strong,  care- 
fully  selected  Forcing  Crowns  of  the  true  Berlin  sorts, 
at  305  per  1000,  carriage  free  to  London,  payable  on  delivery, 
are  offered  bv 

FRITZ  LEXZ,  Schidlitz,  near  Danzig,  Germany. 

FERNS— FERNS.— FOR  SALE,  at  \s.  Qd, 
per  dozen,  in  three  or  four  named  varieties,  sent  by 
parcel  post,  and  carriage  free,  good  heahhy  plants,  for  cash 
with  order,  by  T.  BAXD\V1>^  A.VD  SON,  Edith  Nursery, 
Burchall  Road,  Leyton. 

ESSRS.    GREGORY    and    EVANS, 

NUIUSEEYMEX,  Sidcup,  and  285,  286,  287,  288,  Flower 
Market.  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  open  to  RECEIVE 
CONSIGNMENTS  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS  in  any  quantity 
for  their  Commission  Department.    Boxes  and  Labels  supplied. 

Telegraph  Address—"  C0.MMIS3I0N,  SIDCUP." 

QUELCH       AND       B  A  R  N  H  A  M, 

North  Row,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  are  OPEN  to  DIS- 
POSE of  any  quantity  of  MUSCATS  and  BLACK  GRAPES, 
TOMATOS,  CUCUMBERS,  FRENCH  BEANS,  STEAW- 
BEBKIES,  CHOICE  FLOWERS,  &c.  Highest  Market  Prices 
obtained.  Account  Sales  daily;  Cheques  weekly,  oras  preferred 
by  Sender.     BajJtets  and  Labels  supplied.     References  given. 

UCHARIS,         STEPHANOTIS,        GAK- 

DENIAS,  &.C.— Highest  Market  Prices  guaranteed  for 
good  and  well-packed  Blooms  of  above. 

WISE  AND  RIDES,  Covent  Gardan,  W.C 

To  Gentlemen's  Gardeners  and  Laxge  Growers 

OF  CUT    FLOWERS. 

WANTED,  TO  SELL  on  COMMISSION, 
in  Smithtield  Market,  Manchester,  both  large  and 
small  quantities  of  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS,  viz.,  Eucharis, 
Gardenias,  Roses,  Bouvardias,  &c.  Boxes  and  labels  found  if 
required.  Daily  or  weekly  settlements,  and  satisfactory 
references  given. 

C,  E.  ARNOTT,  Florist,  &c.  Lime  House  Nurseries,  Lowton, 
near  Ncwton-le-Willows, 

ANTED,  large  quantities  of  CUPRESSUS 

MACROCAEPA,  9   inches  to  a  foot    high.— Apply, 
stating  price  to 

JOHN  MACKINNON,  Kylemore  Castle,  Ireland. 

ANTED    CUTTINGS.— CALCEOLARIA 

floribunda     aurea.     Sultan.     Golden    Gem;    GERA- 
NIUMS, Red,  White,  Pink  ;  EUONYMUS,  ovata,  aurea. 
BUNYARD,  Ashford. 

ANTED,  in    any  quantity,   EUCHARIS, 

STEPHANOTIS,     GARDENIAS,    TUBEROSES,    and 
other  Choice  CUT  FLOWERS.  Cash  on  receipt  of  consignment. 
A.  HILL  AND  CO.,  52,  Hart  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C 

ANTED.— Large  Early  PEACH  TREES, 

Large     Fielder's     White     AZALEAS,     and     Large 
CAMELLIAS.— Send  particulars  to 

T.  WHILLANS,  Blenheim  Gardens,  Woodstock. 


FOR  SALE,  3  Vols,  of  the  Gardeners'  Chronicle 
for  1841,   1842,   and   1843,  bound  in  half  calf,  in  good 
condition.     Price  £1  the  set. 

H.  ROWLAND,  Selsfield,  East  Grinstead. 

In  Liquidation. 

IRIS   G  E  R  M  A  N  I  C  A,   in   fine   variety ; 
JAPAN-ESE    MAPLES,    PEONIES,    GLADIOLI,    COL- 
CHIOUM,  LILIES,  &c.,  at  verj-  low  prices. 
Must  be  cleared  in  October. 
Send   for  our  CLEARANCE  LIST. 
NEW  PLANT  AND  BULB  CO.MPANY.  Colche.ter. 

Koses,  Fruit  Trees,  &c. 

CHARLES      TURNER'S      Autumn 
CATALOGUE  is  now  ready,  and  may  be  ha^i  free  on 
application.    It  contains  full  collections  of  Roses,  Fruit  'Irees, 
CouiferiB,  and  all  kinds  of  Hardy  Trees  and  Shrubs. 
The  Royal  Nurseries,  Slough. 

Dutch  Bulbs. 

EH.  KRELAGE  and  SON,  Nurserymen, 
•  Seeds.men  and  Florists,  Haarlem,  Holland,  have 
Published  their  New  (Abridged)  CATALOGUE  tor  the  season 
of  selected  Hyacinths,  Tulips,  and  other  Bulbs  and  Tubers 
(No.  164),  which  may  be  had  post-free  on  prepaid  application, 

BURVENICH-DE  WINNE,  Gentbrugge, 

•     near  Ghent,    Belgium,  offers :— 36,000    well-budded 

AZALEA    MOLLIS,    from    10  —  .50  buds ;    20,000    AZALEA 

INDICA,  of  superior  growth,   and  for  English  use;   PALMS, 

RHODODENDRONS,  DRAC^NAS,  and  General  Belgian  Stock. 

Ask  for  PRICE  LIST,  free  on  application. 

EST  HYACINTHS,  Four  Dozen,  in  48'3,  of 

the  best  varieties  in  cultivation — all  show  varieties — for 

20s.    Free  by  post.    Send  P. 0.0.  to 
GEBROEDERS   ROOZEN,   Overveen,  Haarlem,  Holhind, 
Price  LIST  of  all  sorts  of  Bulbs  free.    Package  free ;  free  at 

home. 

A  R  R '  S      SELECTED      BULBS 

have  gained  many  Medals  and  Prizes  I     Prices  moderate ! 
Quality  unsurpa-ssed  !     Full  descriptive  Catalogue  free  on  appli- 
cation.   Special  Daffodil  CATALOGUE  free  on  application  to 
BARR  AND  SON,  King  Street,  Covent  Gardeu,  W.C. 

FRICAN     TUBEROSES. —  Grown    by 

Wm.  Risley,  Natal,  now  arrived  in  fine  condition. 

For  sample  and  price,   apply  at  the  Office  of  Mr.  WM.  G. 

MACGREGOE,  Langbourne  Chambers,  Fenchurch  Street,  E.G. 

To  the  Trade  only. 

CAPE  BULBS.— The  Botanic  Gardens,  Cape 
Town,  are  Booking  Orders  for  delivery  in  February,  1888. 
FREESIA  and  DISA  a  specialty. 

A.  F.  BAXTER,  Sales  Department. 

To  those  about  to  Plant  Roses,  &c. 

EWING  AND  CO.,  Sea  ^'ie^v  Nurseries,  Havant, 
will  be  happy  to  forward,  gratis  and  post-free,  their  Priced 
and  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  choicest  new  and  old  varieties. 

GARDENIA    PLANTS.— Very  bushy,  good 
colour,  showing  flower-bud,  and  absolutely  clean,    in 
5  and  6-inch  pots,  21s.  to  30s.  per  dozen. 

JORN  STANDISH  AND  CO..  Koyal  Nurseries.  Ascot. 

Fema— Ferns —Ferns. 

HB.  MAY  offers  an  immense  Stock  of  clean 
•  established  Plants  in  small  pots,  suitable  for  orna- 
mental pots,  or  for  growing  on.  Sorts  and  prices  on  appli- 
cation.        Bvson's  Lane  Nursery.  Upper  Edmonton, 

TELEGRAPHIC    ADDRESS—"  PTERIS,"    LONDON. 

RICHARD  WALKER  can  supply  the  following 
for  cash  with  order  :— Early  Rainham,  Enfield  Market, 
and  Robinson's  Champion  Drumhead  CABBAGES,  the  best  stock 
that  can  be  grown. — The  Market  Gardens.  Biggleswade,  Beds. 

STRAWBERRIES  a  Specialty.— W.  Lovel 
&  Son's  descriptive  LIST  of  prepared  Runners  may  be  had  on 
application.  Sample  of  plants  and  pamphlet  on  cultivation,  post- 
free.  Zd.—'W.  LOVEL  AND  SON.  Strawberry  Growers.  Driffield. 

ASPBERRY  CANES,  selected  Fastolf,  305.  j 

3irong  Carter's.  4Us.  per  1000. 

STRAWBERRY  PLANTS,  Sir  Joseph  Paxton,  I2s.  per  1000. 

Terms  cash, 

R.  BATH,  Osborne  Farm,  Wisbeach. 


422 


THE    GJEDE  NEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[October  8,  1887. 


SALES  BY  AUCTION. 

Every  Monday,  Tnursday,  and  Saturday. 

DUTCH     liULBi.  —  GREAT    U.NKE3EKVK1)    SALES. 

MErfSK.S.  PKOTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  ALOLTON,  at  their  Ceutral  Sale  Rootas, 
67  and  6i.  Ulie.ip-ide,  Loudon,  E.G.,  every  MONDAY.  THUKS- 
DAV.  iinJ  SAl'LTKUAY.  at  half-paat  11  o'clock  precisely, 
extensive  ConM^ninriits  of  HYACINTHS,  TULIPS,  CEUCUS, 
NARCISSIJS,  and  utlier  BULBS,  from  Holland,  in  excellent 
quaiitv,  lotted  to  ^uit  tlie  Trade  and  private  bnyers. 
On  view  moniinj  of  Sile.  and  CtalOijues  had. 

Tuesday  Kext. 

Imporlations  of  ORCHIDS  received  direct  for  unreserved  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION  at  their  Central-Sale  Rooms,  B7 
and  lis,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C.,  on  TUESDAY  NEXT, 
October  11,  at  half-past  Vi  o'clock  precisely,  importations  of 
ORCHIDS  received  direct  for  unreserved  Sale,  including 
Cattleya  Dowiana,  Odontoglossum  Schleiperianum,  O. 
CErstedi,  Pilumna  fragrans,  Odontoglossum  luteo  purpureum, 
and  many  others;  also  a  choice  assortment  of  Established 
Orchida. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next.— Important  to  the  Trade. 

2000  Well-grown  AZALEAS,  true  to  name,  full  of  buds,  in- 
cluding the  best  sorts  ;  also  311(10  clumps  of  Sl'IR-EA  JA- 
PONICA.  from  Belgium;  FERNS,  in  great  variety; 
GREENHOUSE  PLANTS,  LILIES,  DUTCH  BULBS, 
NARCISSUS,  &c. 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
will  SELL  the  above  bv  bvAUCTION.  at  their  Central 
Sale  Rooms,  67  and  OS,  Cheapside.  London.  E.O..  on  WEDNES- 
DAY NEEXT,  October  12,  at  haU-pust  12  o'clock  precisely. 
On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Borrowasli,  near  Derby. 

HIGHLY  IMPORTANT   SALE   of   BEAUTIFULLY  GROWN 

SPECIMEN  CONIEFRS  for  effective  Planting. 

ToNi'M.  rii    I    I.   ii!!.   nr.n,  Landscape  Gardeners,  and  Others. 

Ml>-i;-     I'KirilEROE  AND  MORRIS  are 
1,1  I    -rs.  W.  Barron  &  Son,  to  SELL  by 

AUCI'I"^  -I  I  .  r:  inises.  The  Elvaston  Nurseries,  Borrow- 
as-h.  near  D  -rljv.  Ihrne  minutes'  walk  from  Borrowash  Station, 
on  WEDNESDAY  and  THURSDAY,  October  13  and  13.  at 
11  o'clock  pr,'Cisely  each  day,  a  large  quantity  of  BEAUTI- 
FULLY GROWN  NURSERY  STOCK,  which  has  been  care- 
fully prepared  for  removal,  including  a  great  variety  of 
choice  and  rare  specimen  Coiiiferte ;  matchless  specimen 
Golden  Y.ws  and  Hollies;  green  and  variegated  Hollies; 
large  ornamental  Deciduous  Trees  for  Park  or  Street  planting  ; 
4000  Laurels  of  iorts;  very  hue  Standard  and  Pyramid  Apples 
and  Pears ;  Rhododendrons ;  10,000  true  native  Larch,  2—4 
feet;  large  quantities  of  transplanted  Forest  Trees;  strong 
Thorns,  &c. 

The  Stock  may  be  viewed  any  day  (Sundays  exceptsd). 
Catalogues  hid  at  the  Nurseries;  at  Messrs.  B.4KR0N  and 
SON'S  Seed  Shop,  16,  Market  Streetj  Nottingham  ;  and  of  the 
Auctioneers  and  Valuers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E,C., 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 

Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton. 

Important  to  Nurserymen,  Florists,  Market  Growers,  and 
Others. 
SALE  of  the  FREEHOLD  NURSERY,  with  numerouj  GLASS 
ERECTIONS,  and   also   the   STOCK    and    UTENSILS    in 
TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
favoured  with  instructions  from  Mr.  Crowe  to  SELL 
by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  the  Boleyn  Nursery,  Upton, 
a  short  distance  from  the  Upton  Park  Station,  on  TUESDAY, 
October  11,  at  12  o'Clock  precisely  (unless  previously  let  or 
sold  by  private  treaty),  the  compact  FREEHOLD  NURSERY, 
consisting  of  a  large  bicck  of  Land,  with  14  well-built  Green- 
houses efficiently  heated  by  Hot-water  Piping,  Pits,  &c. 

Following  the  Sale  of  the  Nursery  the  whole  of  the  valuable 
and  immense  stock  of  FERNS,  PALMS,  and  other  GREEN 
HOUSE  PLANTS  will  be  offered  in  suitable  lots  for  the  Trade 
and  private  buyers.  - 

Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premi«e^,  and,  with  particulars 
of  the  Nursery,  of  Messrs.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS.  67  and 
68.  CheapMde.  E.G..  and  Le\ 


Friday  Next. 

BRASSIA,  NEW  SfECIES. 
A  wonderful  new  species,  discovered  by  Mr.  Herbert  Wallace 
in  the  lioromia  district  of  South  America  (the  neighbour- 
hood ^^hence  comes  the  beautiful  Cattleya  Lawrenceana. 
The  flowers  are  very  larKC.  and  borne  on  spikes  3  feet  in 
length  ;  the  colour  is  a  bright  rich  yellow,  slightly  spotted 
with  red;  the  sepals  of  the  flower  lengthen  out  into  tail- 
like appendages,  reaching  a  length  of  6  inches.  The  lip  of 
the  flower  is  wholly  yellow,  andmuch  waved  ;  iu  addition 
the  flowers  are  deliciously  sweet- seen  ted.  Mr.  Herbert  Wal- 
lai-e,  bi'ing  gold- pros  pec  ting  in  the  neighbourhood,  came 
aoro-^  ihis  beautiful  novelty  iu  the  Bush,  and  sent  the 
plants  home  to  his  friend,  Mr.  Frederick  Horsmau.  tobe 
dealt  with  as  he  thought  proper;  tliey  are,  therefore, 
placed  in  our  hands  for  Mr.  Herbert  Wallace's  benefit,  and 
will  be  sold  witiiout  reserve. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  to  include  the  above  valuable  importation  of 
ORCHIDS  in  their  SALE  on  FRIJJAY  NEXT,  October  14.  at 
12  o'clock.    On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 


Friday  Next. 

ANGRiECU  LEONII. 

SANDERI.A.NUM. 
CVTTLEYA  DOWIANA. 
V.ANDV  SANDERIANA. 

MF.;^;^T;S    IM^OTHEKOE  and  MORRIS  are 
li.  F.Sander  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at 
Ih.'  r  '■■  I       HI-,  67  and  63.  Cheapside,  London,  E.C., 

Qu  FKi  IM  I  M  \  1  . '  iriMberlJ.at  half- past  l:>  o'Clock  precisely, 
a  ^pl^ii.lHl  mipurlatiuu  of  ANGR^CUM  LEONII  just  re- 
ceived, with  loiiage  green  and  fresh,  and  as  good  as  established 
plants.  It  is  a  wond.?rfuI  novelty,  and  oneof  the  finest  Orchida 
we  have  had  the  pleasure  to  offer,  being  most  easy  of  cultiva- 
tion, pure  whito,  and  very  fragrant  and  floriferous.  thriving 
vigorously  undT  cool  treatment.  A  tine  lot  of  the  rare  and 
be.utiful  ANi^R.ECUM  SANDERIANUM  will  also  be  offered. 
This  IS  a  lovely  species;  its  (lowers  are  pure  white,  and  up  to 
twenty-five  produced  on  a  spike. 

At  the  same  time  will  be  offered  a  quantity  of  CATTLEYA 
DOWIANA.  in  the  best  condition,  embracing  compact  plants, 
well  leHved,  and  with  sound  dorra:int  eyes.  A  fine  lot  of 
ANGRJECUM  SCOTTIANUM,  a  quantity  of  the  rare  and 
beiuliful  VANDA  SANDERIANA.  LJ2LIA  AUTUMNALIS 
ATKO-UUBENS.  with  lur^e  and  line  looking  bulbs  ;  AERIDES 
LAWRENCEiE.  A.  UOBELENII.  CATTLEYA  BOW- 
RINiaANA.  ZYGOI'ETaLUM  GAUTIERIf.  CCELOGYNE. 
Bpce-i.  probably  new;  OUONTOGLOSSUM  CITROSML'.M. 
CVITLKYA  CITRINA.  Ei'IDENDKU.Vl  NEMoRALE,  and 
miuj  other  choice  ORCHIDS. 

Ou  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

N.B. —  riie  Sale  will  also  includu  au  importation  of  a.  new 
BRASSIA  from  Mr-  F.  Horsman. 


"and  thriving  NURSERY    STOCK,  iu  excellent  conditi. 
for  removal,  by  order  of  Messrs.  D.  S.  Thomson  &  Sons,  a 
portiou  of  the  land  being  required  to  be  cleared  for  build- 
ing purposes. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  will 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Nurseries, 
Wimbledon,  S.W.,  on  MONDAY  and  TUESDAY,  October  17 
and  18.  at  12  o'clock  precisely,  each  day,  a  large  quantity  of 
remarkably  well-grown  NURSERY  STOCK,  whicli  has  been 
carefully  prepared  for  removal,  including  2500  Conifers,  in 
various  sizes ;  80O0  Laurels,  5000  Gre«  n  and  Variegated  Euony- 
mus,  6OO0  Standard,  Half-standard,  and  Dwarf  Roses,  4000 
Standard  Ornamental  Trees,  8000  Fruit  Tree*,  6000  Goose- 
berries and  Currants,  and  other  Stock. 

May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  68,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C. 

Walham  Green,  S.W.— Clearance  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
are  instructed  by  Mr.  Whittle,  who  is  relinqui>liing  the 
business,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premises,  The  Nur- 
sery, at  the  rear  of  the  Eagle  Brewery,  William  Street,  Daw's 
Road,  Fulham,  S.  W.,  on  THURSDAY,  October  20,  at  12  o'clock 
precisely,  the  whole  of  the  well-gro»n  NURSEKY  STOCK, 
consisting  of  large  quantities  of  Ferns,  Conifers,  Evergreens, 
and  Deciduous  Shrubs,  Privet,  Enonymus,  and  the  whole  of 
the  UTENSILS  in  TRADE. 

May  be  viewed  two  days  prior  to  the  Sale.  Catalogues  had 
of  Mr.  WHITTLE.  6.511,  Fulham  Road.  S.W. ;  and  of  the  Auc- 
tloneers.  67  and  68.  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. .and  Ley  ton-tone. E. 

Knockliolt,  near  Sevenoalss. 
2h    miles    from     ILil-t.-ad  ^luin'ii.   .s.is.R.;    5    from    Seven- 
oak-,  and  10  Ir.cni  H-umVv. 
IJIPORTA>'T  SALE  of   MAdMUCl.NTLY    GP.OWN   NUR- 
SEKY STOCK  and  HiUlT  TKEES,  the  whole  having  been 
tran-planted.  and  now  in  splendul  condition  for  removal. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  Dale  to  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
on  the  I'remises.  the  Hickmandias  Nursery  and  Fruit 
Grounds.  Knockholt.  Kent,  on  FRIDAY.  October  21.  at 
12  for  half-past  12  o'Clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr. 
Dale,  a  lasge  quantity  of  beautifully  grown  NURSERY 
STOCK,  which  is  in  ^plendid  condition  for  removal,  great 
care  and  attention  having  been  taken  in  frequently 
transplanting,  including  thoiL^inds  of  Conifers  and  Ever- 
greens in  variou^Jsizes,  the  larger  portion  of  mature  growth, 
and  suiUible  for  planting  for  immediate  effect ;  lOOU  Rhodo- 
dendrous  1  to  2  feet ;  &00  Green  Hollies,  2  to  a  feet ;  Standard 
Ornamental  Trees,  10  to  12  feet;  1200  splendidly  grown 
Fruit  Trees,  the  whole  of  clean  growth  and  true  to  name,  and 
other  STOCK,  together  with  two  useful  Cart  Horses. 
^  May  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  ou  the  Premises, 
and  of  the  Auctioneers,  67  and  BH,  Cheapside,  London,  E.C, 
and  Leytonstone,  E. 


Lower  Norwood,  S.E— Annual  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  are 
instructed  by  Mr.  H.  James  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  ou 
the  Premises,  the  Castle  Nursery,  Lower  Norwood,  S.E.,  on 
WEDNESDAY,  October  19,  at  12  o'Clock  preci^^elv.  a  choice 
assortment  of  well-grown  Established  ORCHIDS'  including 
several  valuable  species,  STOVE  and  GREENHOUSE  PLANTS 
in  variety;  CAMELLIA,  AZALEAS.  CLIMBING  PLANTS,  &c. 
May  now  be  viewed.  Catalogues  may  be  had  on  the  Pre- 
mises and  of  the  Auctioneer,  67  and  (58.  Cheapside.  London,  E.C. 


Saies  of  Nursery  Stock. 

Important  to  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  and  others  engaged  in 
Planting. 

MESSRS.     PROTHEROE     and     MORRIS 
desire  to  call  attention  to  the  FOLLOWING  SALES, 
which  h.ave  now  been  definitely  hxed  ;^ 
OCTOBER  17  and  la.— At  the  NURSERIES,  'WIMBLEDON. 

Bvorder  of  Messrs.  D.  S.  Thomson  &  Sons. 
OCTOBER  20.— At  WALHAM    GREEN.    By    order   of    Mr. 

Whittle. 
OCTOBER  21.— At  the  NHRSERY,   KNOCKHOLT,  SE\TSN- 

OAKS.    By  order  of  Mr.  W.  D.ale. 
OCTOBER  24   and   25.— At   tile   NUKSERIES,    RICHMOND, 

S.W.    By  order  of  Messrs.  G.  &  W.  Steell. 
OCTOBER  29.— At  the   ELM    NURSERY',   BRIGHTON.    By 

order  of  Mr.  Thomas. 
OCTOBER  27  and  23.— At  the  ROYAL  NURSERIES,  ASCOT. 

By  order  of  Messrs.  J.  Standish  &  Co. 
NOVE.MBER  1.— At  the  HALE  FARM  NURSERIES,  Totten- 
ham.    By  order  of  Mr,  T.  Ware. 
NO\'EMBER  1.  2,    and   3.— At    the    NURSERIES,    CATER- 

HAM.    By  order  of  Eiccutoraof  the  luteMr.  O.  ,7.  Woollett. 
NOVEMBER  2 —At  the    NURSERY,    HARROW.    By  order 

of  Mr.  Naylor. 
NOVEMBEK  4.— At  the  NURSERY,  SUN-BRIDGE,  IDE  HILL, 

SKVENOAKS.     By  order  of  .Mr.  Cattell. 
NOVEMBER    7    and    8.— At    the    NURSERY,    PENGE.    By 

order  of  Mr.  E.  B.  Haynes. 
NOVEMBER  10  and  11.- At  the  AMERICAN  NURSERIES, 

LKYTDNSTONE.    By  order  of  the  Executors. 

Other  Sales  are  in  course  of  preparation,  and  dates  of  these 

wdl  shortly  be  announced.    The  Auctioneer  will  be  glad  to  add 

the  Names  of  intending  Purchasers  to  their  permanent  Lists, 

who  may  desire  to  receive  a  regular  supply  of  these  CatlUoauej, 

67  oad  68,  Cheapside,  B.C. 


October  25. 

FLOWERING   OKCIIIUS. -SPECIAL  SALE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS 
desire  to  announce  that  their  NEXT  SPECIAL  SALE 
of  ORCHIIl-i  in  FLOWER  will  take  place  as  above,  for  which 
they   will  be  glad  to  receive  notice  of   Entries  as  early  as 

possible. 

London, 

To  FLORISTS  and  OTHERS   engaged  in  the   FURNISHING 

TRADE. 

MESSRS.  PROTHEROE  and  MORRIS  have 
been  favoured  with  instructions  to  SELL  by  PRIVATE 
CONTRACT,  a  very  old-established  and  well-known  FUR- 
NISHING and  CUT  FLOWER  BUSINESS,  at  present  for 
Disposal  solely  in  consequence  of  ill-health.  Every  facility  for 
investigation  will  be  given,  and  full  particulars  will  be  fur- 
nished on  application.  Capital  required  will  be  between 
f  iOOU  and  £.5000. 
67  and  68.  Cheapside.  E.C. 

London,   S.E. 

TO  BE  SOLD,  a  capital  ^"URSERY,  2J  acres 
of  Ground.  7  Greenhouses  and  Residences.  Rent  £45. 
Incoming  very  low.  .\  Seed  Shop  in  conjunction  with  this  can 
be  had  if  desired. 

Full  particulars  of  PROTHEROE  AXD  MORRIS,  67  and  68, 
Cheapside,  E.C. 


Market  Gardens,  Sands  End,  Folliam,  S.W. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  13  acres  of  tine  SEAKALE  for  forcing. 
CAULIFLOWER  and  CABBAGE  PL.4-NTS,  RHUBARB 
ROOTS,  CROPS,  STOCK  and  FURNITURE. 

MR.  MALCOLM  SEARLE  is  instructed  by 
Mrs.  Cass,  to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  without  reserve,  as 
above,  on  TUESDAY,  October  11,  at  10  o'clock,  3  very  grand 
English  Carthorses,  17  hands  high.  Carts,  Vans,  Implements, 
Tanks,  1.350  Hand-glasses.  130  :i-liglit  Forcing  Frames.  Manure, 
Litter,  Seeds,  Household  Furniture  and  Rooks.  View  day  prior. 
Catalogues  at  8and9,  Murlins  Lane.  Cannon  Street.  City,  E.C. 

Bulbs— Bulbs-Bulbs. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION, 
at  his  Great  Rooms,  33.  KingStreet.Covent  Garden,  W.O., 
everv  MONDAY,  WEDNESDAY,  and  SATURDAY,  First-class 
BULBS  from  Holland,  lotted  to  suit  all  Buyers. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  had. 

Wednesday  Next— (Sale  No.  7506.) 
VALUABLE       I  51  PORTED       ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  inclade  in  his 
SALE  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  en  WEDNESDAY  NEXT, 
October  12,  at  half-i>ast  12  o'Clock  jirecisely,  60  tine  imported 
pieces  of  OXfTlitrit  SPLKNDIDUM,  a  consignment  of 
VANDA  TElli::  iMHK^iiM.  AERIDES  LEONII,  &c.,  from 
Bnrmah;  ;l.'n  I  .i:i,U   I  IMS  lANS  from  Brazil,  &c. 

On  \ii    .  :.i    ii::ii  :    -l  S  i  le.  and  Catalogucs  had. 

Wednesday  Next —(Sale  No.  7.505.) 
SPECIAL  SALIC  .il  (.KCHIDS  in  FLOWER  and  BUD. 

MR.  J.  C.  .-<T1';\1-;XS  will  SELL  by  AUC- 
TION, at  Ins  (irrat  Rooms.  38,  King  Street,  Covent 
Garden,  W.C,  on  WEDNESDAY  NEXT,  October  12,  at  half-past 
13  o'clock  precisely,  a  fine  Collection  of  ORCHIDS  in  FLOWER 
and  BUD,  comprising  many  choice  varieties  and  rare  species. 


Onv 


!  of  Sale,  and  Catalog 


shad. 


Thursday  Nest.— (Sale  No.  7505.) 
EXTENSIVE  IMPORTATIONS  of  ORCHIDS. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38,  King  Street, 
Covent  Garden,  W.C,  ou  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  13,  at 
half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  O.  T.  White, 
EXTENSIVE  IMPORTATIONS  of  ORCHIDS  in  the  finest  pos- 
sible condition,  comprising  Odontoglossum  Pescatorei  and  0. 
Triumphaus,  in  quantity ;  O.  noevium,  fine  masses;  O.  croci- 
dipterum,  O.  hastilabium,  O.  coronarium,  O.  Lindeni,  Ada 
aurantiaca,  a  fine  lot ;  Oncidium  cncuUatum  majus,  O.  super- 
biens,  0.  serratum,  O.  species,  rare;  Restrepia  elegans,  Pha- 
Itenopsis  SchiUeriana  and  P.  amabilis,  fine  imported  pieces,  re- 
ceived in  a  semi-established  state  with  flower-spikes ;  some  fine 
semi-established  plants  of  Cattleya  Mendelii  from  Mr.  White's 
last  importation,  &c. 

On  view  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogiiea  had. 

Mllford  Nurseries,  near  Godalmlng,  Surrey. 

Three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  .Milfurd  St.itinii.  and  1  nnle  from 
New  Godalming  Station  on  the  direct  Porlsmuuth  Line. 

ANNUAL   SALES. 

IMPORTANT  THREE  DAYS'  SALE  of  FIRST-CLASS 

NURSERY  STOCK. 

MR.     J.     C.     STEVENS     will     SELL    by 
AUCTION,  on  the  I'remises  as  above,  on  TUESDAY, 
WEDNESDAY,  and  THURSDAY,  October  25,  26.  and  27,  18»7, 
at  11  for  \i  o'clock  precisely  each  day,  bv  order  of  -Mr.  Maurice 
Y'oung,  a  portion  of  the  beautifully  grown  NURSERY  STOCK, 
in  capital  condition  for  removal,  including — 
4.000  Bushy  LAURELS.  1}  to  2^  feet. 
10,000  Strong  Evergreen  PRIVET,  3  to  4  feet. 
1.000  BERBERIS  DARWINII,  3  to  3  feet, 
1,000  Tree  BOX,  2  to  3  feet. 

500  AUCUBAS,  IJ  to  2J  feet. 
6.000  Choice  named  RHODODENDRONS  and  PONTICUM, 
1,000  AZALEAS.  ANDRO.MEDAS,  and  HARDY  HEATHS. 
7,000  SPRUCE  FIRS,  I  to  4  feet,  suitable  tor  Christmas  Trees 

or  for  Plantations. 
4.000  PINUS  AUSTRIACA,  IJ  to  2}  feet. 
1.600  ABIES  DOUGLASII.  2  to  4  feet. 
2,.500  CUPRESSUS  LAWSONIANA.  3  to  4  feet. 
3,500  RETINOSPORAS  in  variety,  IJ  to  3  feet. 
60,000  ASH,  1  to  2  feet. 
4.000  Strong  ALDER.  4  to  6  feet. 
10,000  Strong  SYCAMORE,  4  to  6  feet. 
10.000  Strong  WITHY',  4  to  6  feet. 
75.000  Strong  QUICKS. 
10,000  2-yr.  Seedling  ASPARAGUS. 

Choice  STANDARD  and  DWARF  ROSES. 
Ornamental  DECIDUOUS  TREES. 
FLOWERING  SHRUBS. 

Standard  and  Dwarf-trained  FRUIT  TREES,  CLIMBING 
PLANTS,  &c. 
May  be  viewed  a  week  prior  to  the  Sale.    Cntaloguea  may  ba 
had  on  the  Premises,  and  of  the  Auctioneers,  38,  King  Street, 


Covent  Qardeu,  London,  W.C, 


OCTOBBR  8,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


423 


The  Second  Portion  of  the  Lovatt  Collection  of 

ORCHIDS.  Without  R^orve. 

MR.  J.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instructions 
from  Henry  Lovatt.  Esq.,  of  Low  Hill,  near  Wolverhamp- 
ton to  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Rooms,  38.  King 
Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C.,  without  reserve,  on  THURS- 
DAY October  27,  at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely,  the  second 
portion  of  this  well-known  COLLECTION  of  ORCHIDS,  com- 
prising, amongst  other  fine  things  : — 
Cattleya  Triame  alba,  true         I  Lselia  harpophylla 

„     auren,  six  breaks  Odontoglossum  Ropzlii. 

„    Snnderianfi,  sis  and  eight  j      tweuty-six  breaks 
floM-ering  breaks  |  CypripeiUum       Sto 

„    Mendelii,  specimens 
,,     crispa  siiperba,  speci 

Dendrobfis  in  variety 
Lfelia  purpurata,  specimer 
Phalronopsis  Sehille:  ' 


I  Cypripeili 

,,     Boxalli,  &c, 
'\*anda  corulen,  i 


I       „     tricolor,  specir 
amabilis,  and  Stuartini 
large  and  fine  planta. 
Saccolabium'*,  large  pieces,  &c. 
,v  morning  of  Sale,  and  Catalogues  ha 


Bagshot,  Surrey. 

IMPORTANT  SALE  of  THOUSANDS  of  FRUIT  TREES, 
HOLLIES.  LAURELS,  CONIFERS,  RHODODENDRONS, 
AZALEAS,  and  a  general  assortment  of  HARDY  SHRUBS 
and  TREES,  being  the  contents  of  an  outlying  Nursery  for 
absolute  clearance. 

To  which  will  be  added  a  very  large  and  varied  stock  of  most 
of    t lie     valuable     NURSERY    TftEES    and  SHRUBS    in 

Mr!  j.  C.  STEVENS  has  received  instruc- 
tions from  Mr.  Charles  Noble  to  SELL  by  AUCTION  on 
the  Premise-s.  as  above,  sitnated  half  a  mile  from  Sunningdale 
Station,  L.  &  S.  W.  Railway,  on 

MONDAY,    TUESDAY,    aud    WEDNESDAY, 

Novt-mber  7,  8,  and  9  ; 
MONDAY,    TUESDAY,    and    WEDNESDAY, 

November  lil,  23,  and  23  ; 

MONDAY',    Tt'ESDAY,    and   WEDNESDAY, 

December  5,  6,  and  7 ; 

at  half-past  12  o'clock  precisely  each  day. 

May  be  viewed  one  week  prior  to  Sale.    Catalogues  had  on 

■  the  Premises,  and  of  Mr.  J.  C.  STEVENS.  Auction  Rooms  and 

Offices,  ;i8.  King.  Street.  Covent  Garden.  London.  W.C. 

To  Landed  Proprietors,  Intending  Planters, 

and  Others. 
Large  and  Impoi-tant  SALE  of  GENERAL  NURSERY  STOCK. 

MESSRS.  AVIXTERTON,  BEALE  and 
WIXTERTON  are  instructed  by  Mr.  Edward  Holmes  to 
SELL  by  AUCTION,  on  the  Premi^^es,  at  the  Whittington 
Nurseries,  near  Lichfield,  on  TUESDAY  and  WEDNESDAY, 
October  13  and  19,  and  following  day,  if  necessary,  at  half-past 
10  o'clock,  each  day,  an  immense  quantity  of  GENERAL 
NURSERY  STOCK,  remarkably  well  grown,  and  splendidly 
rooted.  The  whole  of  the  Stock  to  be  offered  has  been  cJire- 
fully  cultivated  and  frequently  transplanted,  and  will  bear 
removal  with  perfect  safety.  The  trees,  S:c..  sent  from  these 
Nurseries  for  many  year^  pust  hare  earned  the  reputation  of 
"  always  doing  well." 

FRUIT  TREES,  true  to  name,  of  the  best  sorts,  many  in  the 
bearing  state — a  complete  collection.     Some  fine  Trees  of  that 


tall 


f  Crab,  "John  Down 


gnihcent  and  highly  ■ 
will  be  included  in  this  secti 

FOREST  TREES,  many  thousands,  healthy  young  staff- 
Chestnuts.  Elms,  Firs,  Pines,  Poplars.  Birch.  &c. 

EVERGREEN  and  DECIDUOUS  ORNAMENTAL  TREES 
and  SHRUBS— one  of  the  most  complete  and  comprehensive 
Collections  in  England,  including  new  and  beautiful  varieties 
of  the  common  Laurel,  Lilacs,  Syringas,  tloweriug  Thorns,  &c. 

CONIFERS. — A  collection  noted  and  unique.  Many  oi  the 
Shrubs  in  this  section  have  been  specially  grown  for  winter 
gardening,  potting  for  defloration,  &c.,  and  de=;en'e  special 
attention.     GOLDEN  YEWS  in  variety  and  quantity.    .. 

.RHODODENDRONS.— Choice  named  torts,  poiiticums,  and 
other  American  plants. 

CLDIBER-^.  hardy,  in  great  variety ;  and  a  fine  selection  of 
the  best  HERBACEOUS  PLANTS. 

May  be  viewed  any  day  prior  to  Sale.  Catalogue?  may  be 
obtained  of  Mr.  EDWARD  HOLMES,  on  the  Premts.'3;  and  uf 
the  Auctioneers.  Estate  Agents  and  Valuers,  St.  Mary's 
Chnmbers.  Lichfield. 


PUBLIC  SALE  of  PLANTS  in  Blankenese, 
near  Hamburg,  in  Baur's  Garden,  by  ordnr  of  the  Pro- 
prietor, on  FRIDAY,  October  14,  commencing  at  9  oClock  A.M. 
and  3  o'CIock  P.M.,  the  rich  contents  of  a  Hothouse,  and  of  the 
widely-known  large  Palm-house,  the  latter  containing  really 
splendid  specimens,  such  as  three  Latania  borbonica.  from  30 
to  40  feethigh  ;  Phoenix  Leonensisanddactylifera,  20  feet  high, 
and  of  same  diameter;  Pritchardia  raacio.arpa  and  aurea, 
about  12  feet  high;  Kentia  Lindeni,  about  12  feet;  Areca 
Verschaffelti.  about  7  fet-t ;  Rhapis  flabelliformis.  about  9  feet ; 
Cocos  edule,  about  \n  f^t-t ;  Areca  sapida.  about  15  feet.  &e. ;  a 
number  of  the  mc-t  magnificent  Wallichia  oblougifulia, 
Alsophila  australis,  from  30  to  40  feet  high.  &c. ;  a  coJlection 
of  beautiful  Cycads.  among  them  strong  specimens  of  Enc'pha- 
lartos  Altensteinii.  Zamia  villosa,  Dion  edule,  Cycas  revoluta, 
&c.,  will  be  SOLD  at  PUBLIC  AUCTION  by  the  Broker, 
EMIL  MUHLENPFORDT. 

For  permission  to  inspect  the  plants  until  day  of  Sale,  please 
apply  at  my  Office,  Pferderaarkt  29—31.  Hamburg. 


TO  BE  SOLD,  as  a  going  concern  a  con- 
venient and  well  situated  NURSERY,  about  6J  miles 
from  Covent  Garden.  About  14,000  feet  of  Glass.  Stock,  &c., 
at  valuation. 

Particulars  on  application,  A.  B.,  Gardeners'  Chronicle  Of&ce, 
41.  Wellington  Street.  Strand.  W.C. 


GERMAN   LILIES   OF  THE  VALLEY,— 
The  very  best  for  forcing.     Special  quotations  for  large 
buyers.    Lowest  price  on  application  to 

H.  DAMMANN.  Jr.,  Breslau.  Germany. 


BUDDENBORG  BROS.,  Bulb  Growers, 
Hillegom.  near  Haarlem,  Holland,  beg  to  offer  CHIONO- 
DOXA  LUCILIiE  (Glory  qf  the  Snow),  strong  home-grown 
Bulbs,  true  to  name,  40s.  per  1000. 

General  Trade  CATALOGUE  Free  on  application. 


Atherstone,  Warwickshire.       ^ 

TO  BE  LET,  by  Tender,  for  a  term  of  Twenty- 
one  Years,  determinable  at  seven  or  fourteen,  all  those 
valuable  premises  known  as  THE  GRAPERY,  ATHERSTONE, 
with  five  Cottage?,  Garden  Ground,  and  Field  ;  the  whole  con- 
taining 14  acres. 

The  Buildings  comprise  :— A  Vinery,  106  feet  by  40  feet  over ; 
a  Vinery,  32  feet  by  24  feet  over;  small  lean-to  ^'■iuery  ; 
Stephanotis-house,  a  Span-roof  18-light  Pit,  Span-roof  Cucum- 
ber-house, 52  feet  by  14  feet  6  inches  over;  Vinery  over  Cot- 
tages, 122  feet  by  25  feet  over;  and  Lean-to  Vinery. 

The  Vines  are  of  high  quality;  the  whole  of  the  premises  are 
in  good  working  order;  they  are  close  to  the  railway  station, 
having  direct  communication  with  Town. 

Most  of  the  Garden  Ground  is  let  in  allotments,  the  rents  of 
which,  with  the  Cottages  and  Field,  amount  to  £130. 

The  Lessee  will  purchase  the  Stock  in  Trade  on  the  premises 
at  a  valuation.    Possession  at  once. 

For  Terms  of  Tender,  and  other  information,  apply  to  the 
undersigned,  to  whom  Tenders  must  be  seut  in,  marked 
"Tenders  for  Grapery." 

WILLLiM  ARmSHAW, 

Clerk  to  the  Governors  of  the  Atherstone  Grammar  School. 


To  Nurserymen  and  Others. 

THE    CORPORA'rK.iX    of    FOLKESTONE 
invite  TENDERS  for  the  SUPPLY  of  the  FOLLOWING 
TREES  :  — 
at  per  J  500  ELMS  (Huntingdon.  Cornish,  Scotch  or  Witch). 

100     (  500  LIMES, 
at  per  i  :^00  SYCAMORES. 

50     1  200  PLANES. 

The  Trees  must  be  suitable  for  planting,  have  been  already 
moved,  and  must  be  of  the  <liameter  of  at  least  2j  inches 
measured  1  foot  above  ground,  not  to  exceed  10  to  12  feet  in 
height,  and  with  straight  stems  and  good  heads. 

Tenders  marked  "Trees "  to  be  sent  under  Seal  to  Mr.  A.  W. 
CONQUEST.  Borough  Engineer,  not  later  than  SATURDAY, 
the  16th  October  instant. 

The  person  whose  Tender  is  accepted  will  be  required  to 
deliver  all  the  Trees  at  Shorncliffe  Railway  Station  within  two 
weeks  from  date  of  acceptance  of  tender  free  of  expense  to  the 
Corporation,  and  no  Trees  will  be  accepted  except  such  as  shall 
meet  with  the  approval  of  an  experienced  Nominee  of  the 
Corporation. 

No  pledge  is  given  that  the  lowest  or  any  Tender  will  be 
accepted. — By  Order. 

W.  G.  8.  HARRISON,  Town  Clerk. 

Folkestone,  October  1,  18S7. 


New  Flowering  and  Fruiting  Covert  Plant, 

ROSA  RUGOSA.— One  of  the  finest  Hardy 
and  Ornamental  Berried  Shrubs  recently  introduced  from 
Japan.  Valuable  Covert  Plant  in  Game  Preserves  and  Woods. 
Forms  a  dense  bush  between  4  and  5  feet  high,  clothed  with 
luxuriant  foliage,  and  produces  anotially  an  abundant  crop  of 
large  hips  and  perfect  seeds,  which  are  greedily  devoured  by 
pheasants  and  other  birds.  Rabbits  cannot  touch  it,  ' 
to  its  bristly  bark. 

LITTLE  AND  BA 
to  the  Queen,  Carli- 


AUTUMN  PLANTING.— The  past  dry  spring 
and  summer  encourages  autumn  planting,  and  wainvite 
inspection  of  our  immense  stock  of  Hardy  FOREST  TREES  for 
Profit,  Ornament,  Shelter  and  Game,  at  moderate  prices.  Par- 
ticulars on  application. 

LITTLE  AND  BALLANTYN'E,  Wood  Fore-fers  for  Crown 
Lands,  Nursen'men  and  Seedsmen  to  H.M.  the  Queen  and 
H.R.H.  the  Pr'ince  of  Wales  Carlisle. 


TUBEROSES,  DOUBLE  AFRICAN.— Our 
consignments  of  the  above  have  now  arrived,  in  excellent 
condition,  and  are  the  finest  we  have  ever  liad.  Sample  and 
lowest  price  per  1000  (very  moderate),  also  price  of  American 
Pearls,  will  be  seut  upon  application  to 

HURST  AND  S'lN,  152,  Houndsditch,  London,  E.. 


WINTER-FLOWERING  HEATHS,  HYE- 
MALIS  and  Others.  Good  Plants,  showing  well  for 
flower — canuot  be  surpassed — in  Sand  6-inch  i)ots,  15s.  to  245. 
per  lU 


JOHN  STANDISH  AXD  CO..  Royal  Nur- 


,  Ascot. 


BEGONIAS      a       SPECIALTY. 
Awarded  Four  Gold  Medals. 
Laiiig'3  Double  and  Single  Collection  is  the  largest,  finest, 
and  the  most  complete  in  existence.    New  Seed  just  harvested. 
Priced  LISTS  free  on  appli 


SONS,    The   Nu 


Forest    Hill, 


STUA'V\'BERRY  PLANTS,  true  names  (plant 
at  once).  3.S.  6rf.  per  liw.  Oscar,  President.  CTim-on 
Queen.  Keen's  Seedling.  Sir  J.  I'axton,  Ele.inor,  Eclipse,  British 
Queen,  La  Constante,  Uaribd.li,  V'icomtesse  H.  deThury,  Duke 
of  Edinburgh,  Princess  Alice  Miiude,  Margiieril.-.  Elton  Piiie, 
James  Veitch,  Ctomte  de  Paris,  Laxton  (true).  Captjiin  (new), 
4s.  per  100;  Laxton 's  King  of  Earlieg.  true.  new.  45.  per  100. 
Cash  with  all  orders.  Packing  tree— K.  LGCKE.Wrotham.Kent.] 


T^UTCH  BULBS. 
T~\IRECT  FROM  THE  G: 

A  "" 


NT.    ROOZEN    AND    SON,    Nubsekymen, 

^^  Overveen,  near  Haarlem,  Holland. 

Intending  purchasers  of  DUTCH  BULBS  are  invited  to  read 
ANT,  ROOZE.V  AND  SON'S  CATALOGUE  for  18S7.  and  see  the 
large  saving  effected  by  Dealing  direct  with  the  Grower. 
The  Catalogue,  containing  details  of  their  immense  Collections 
of  New,  Rare,  and  Fine  Bulbs  and  Plants,  and  also  jarticulars 
as  to  Free  Delivery,  w  ill  be  sent,  post-free,  on  application 
to  them,  or  to  their  Agents,  MERTENS  and  CO.,  3,  Cross 
Lane.  St.  Mary-at-Hill,  London,  E.C. 


T  ARGE  FAN-TRAINED  PEACH  TREES. 

-Li  —Early  Grosse  Mignonne,  Early  Louise,  Sea  Ea^le,  Slc. 
Some  large  PEACH  Trees  in  pots,  and  some  fine  Iruiting 
PEARS  in  pots,  all  good  kinds  and  remarkably  healthy.  Buy 
large  trees  and  save  waiting  six  years.  Call  and  see,  or  write  to 
W,  H,  DIVER,  Ketton  Hail,  Ketton,  near  Stamford. 


THE     GARDENERS' 

ORPHAN  FUND, 


DONATIONS    and    STTBSCRIPTIONS 


WILT,   DE  THANKFULLY   RECFTVFD  BV 

A.  F.  BARRON,  Hon.  Sec, 

Royal  Horticultural  Society's  Gardens, 

Chiswick,  London,  W. 
THE        GARDENERS'        ROYAL 

X.  BENEVOLENT  INSTITUTION. 

NOTICE  IS  HEREBY  GIVEN  that  an  ADDITION  to  the 
LIST  of  PENSIONERS  will  be  made  in  JANUARY  NEXT.  All 
Persons  desirous  of  becoming  Candidates  are  required  to  cend 
in  their  Applirations  to  the  Committee,  oa  or  before  thR  10th 
of  NO\'EMBER  NEXT,  after  which  day  they  will  not  be  re- 
ceived. Preference  will  be  given  to  those  Applicant."*,  or  their 
Widows,  who  have  been  on  the  Books  as  Subscribera  for  fifteen 
clear  years.  Should  there  not  be  sufficient  of  ihat  class  of 
Applicants,  then  the  cases  of  those  who  liave  not  subscribed  so 
lone,  or  not  at  all,  will  be  considered. — By  Order, 

EDWARD  R.  CUTLER.  Secretary. 

50,  Parliament  Street,  London,  S.W.— October  4,  1887. 

p.S. — Printed  Form:^  of  Application,  and  all  information,  can 
be  obtained  from  the  Secretary. 


Camellias,  Azaleas.  Rhododendrons.  Palms.  Orchid?, 

&c.     Plants  grown  specially  for  English  use. 

CVUYLSTEKE,         Nurseryman, 
•  Loochristy,  Ghent,  Belgium. 

Wholesale  CATALOGUE  now  ready,  and  may  be  had 

free  on  application  to 

Messrs.  R.  SILBERRAD  and  SON,  2h,  Savage  Garden?. 

Crutched  Friars,  London,  E.C. 


80,000 


CLEMATIS,  in  Pots,   of  all  the 

finest  Double  and  Single  Varieties  (some 
of  the  flowers  of  which  become  10  inches  across,  and  are  of 
every  shade,  from  pure  white  to  the  darkest  purple),  for 
climbing  and  beddine,  from  12s.  to  24.S.  per  dozen,  strong 
plants;  extra  strong  plants,  repotted  into  5H"'''>  po*^^,  2s.  6(i. 
each.  Descriptive  LIST  on  application.— RICHARD  SMITH 
AND  CO.,  Nurserymen  and  Seed  Merchants,  Worcest^er. 

To  the  Trade. 

Sowing  RAPE  SEED  and  White  MUSTARD  SEED. 

HAND  F.  SHARPE  have  fine  samples  of  the 
•     above-named  Seeds  suitable  for  sowing  purpoaes.  and 
will  be  pleased  to  submit  them,  with  prices,  on  application. 
Seed  Growing  Esbiblishment.  Wisbt-ch. 

ECONOMY    in     the    GARDEN  ! 

CHEAP  good    BULBS. 


THE  PENNY  PACKET  SEED  COIVIPANY'S 
CATALOGUE, 

Gratis  and  Post-free.    500  Illustrations. 


BIDDLES      &      COMPANY, 

LOUGHBOROUGH, 
LErCKSTERSIIIRE. 

STRAWBERRIES. 

strong  Roots,  4s.  per  100.  Plants  in  small  pots,  \<^s.  per  100; 
ditto  in  large  pots,  25,s.  per  100.     Des^criptive  LIST  free. 

RICHARD  SMITH  AND  CO..  Nurserymcu  and  Seed 
Merchants,  Worcester.  

DUTCH        AND        OTHER 

FLOWERING  BULBS. 

Superb  qualities^  at   moderate  prices. 

Large  Collections  of  all  the  very  best  varieties  of  H\  acinths. 
Tulips,  Crocuses.  Narcissi,  Lilies,  SnowdrJ]  s.  \c. 

Priced  CATALOGUE  post-free  on  application. 


iU 


THE     OABDENEBS'     CHRONICLE. 


[OCTOBKH  8,   1887. 


BEAUTIFUL 
BEDS   OF   HYACIiMTHS 

MODERATE     COST. 

OAKSHOTT    &    MILLARD 

INIMITABLE  or  SELECTED  HYACINTHS, 

.  Per  dozen.        Per  100. 

asunder:—  ,     ^  .       ^ 

Extra  fine  Pale  Red 

lixtra  fine  Dark  Ked     .  . 

Jixtra  fine  Light  Blue  . . 

I'^xtra  fine  Dark  Blue    .  . 

Extra  fine  Pure  White 

Extra  tine  Tinted  AVhite 

203.  value  Carriage  Free. 

CATALOGUE    OF    OTHER    BULBH    GRATIS. 


2  0 

-2  0 

2  0 

2  0 

3  0 
3  0 


14  0 

14  0 

14  0 

14  0 

20  0 

20  0 


OAKSHOTT    &    MILLAUD, 

DIRECT    BULB     IMPORTERS.      READING. 

TO    PLANTERS. 


IMMENSE  GENERAL  NURSERY  STOCK 

( over  200  acres). 

SpecialJi/  Hardy.     Admirahhj  Rooted. 

Splcmlidlt/  Grown. 

INSPECTION     INVITED. 

Detailed  Priced   Catalogue    Free. 

Carriage  Free  in  Truck  Loads. 


F.  &  A.  DICKSON  &  SONS, 

THE  QUEENS  NriiSEIiYliEX  aii.l  SEEDSMEN. 

THE    "  UPTON  "  NURSERIES, 

CHESTER. 


J.     GHARLESWORTH, 

H  EATON,    BP.ADFORD, 

ORCHID  IMPORTER  AND  GROWER. 

Large  Stock  of  all  Leading  Sorts. 
INSPECTION       INVITED. 


ORCHIDS  A  SPECIALTY. 

The  Stock  at  the  Clapton  Nursery  is  of  such  maguitude  that 
without  seeing  it  it  is  not  easy  to  form  an  adeijuate  conception 
of  its  unprecedented  extent. 

FEUIT  TREES,  ROSES,  AZALEAS,  CAMELLLiS, 

BUUVAKUIAS.  CYCLAMENS.    ERICAS.  EPACKIS.  PRIMU- 
LAS, SOLANUMS.  TREE  CARNATIONS,  and  other 

WINTER   and    SPUING   BLOOMING   PLANTS, 

Of  tine  quality  and  immense  numbers. 

Inspection  Invited. 

The  Glass  Structures  cover  an  area  of  274.600  super,  feet. 

HUGH    LOW     &    CO., 

CLAPTON    NURSERY,    LONDON,    E. 


ORNAMENTAL  TREES,  SHRUBS,  ETC. 

Descriptive  Catalogues  post-free. 

I  nHEAL&SONS 

V»"    Crawley,        w  Sussex. 


THE 


GARDEN     ANNUAL 

And    DIRECTORY    for    1888 

Will  contain  a  complete  List  of  Gentlemen's  Seats,  their  Names  and  Gardeners,  arranged  in 
Counties. 

A  List  of  Seats  Alphabetically  arranged  ;  also  a  List  of  Gardeners,  with  their  full  Addresses 

A  complete  List  of  the  Nursery  Trade. 

A  separate  List  of  Horticultural  Builders,  Sundriesmen,  &c. ;  with  a  complete  and  New 
List  of  the  American  Trade. 


All  Changes  of  Address,  vHh  Applications  for  Advertising  Spaces,  to  he  sent 

AT  ONCE,   to  the  Editor  of  the  "  Garden  Annual," 

Mr.  JAMES  FLOOD,  37,  SOUTHAMPTON  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON. 


SPESCIALTIES. 

CHEAP     BECAUSE    EXCELLENT. 

CLARET,     "LISTRAC,"     16/-»o«« 
CHAMPAGNE,    "GEVENCEY,"    30/-"o«h. 

OiVil"    TO    BE    HAD    OF— 

JOHN    C.    HANDS    &    CO., 

9  9,       G  R  E  S  H  A  M       STREET,       LONDON,       E.G., 

Old-Established  Wine  Growers'^  Agents  and  Wine  and  Spirit  Merchants. 


iDome^iticIiJafepSiiDblvi 

© 


6       Sole  Makers, 

^Hayward,  TnER&CzlM 


RIDER'S   PBtent  HOT  AIR 

I  Household  Pumping  engine, 

©       with  petent  '  ' 


aREMOVABLE 


qWUSMmMM 


Cost  of     i 
raising  | 

10  0  0  Gaim© 
80  ft. High  | 
One  PENNY.g 


NEW    BOOK  of    Photo-L  thographed  Sketthea  of   W  nte     Ga  dens     Ruuk       uf  H  tl    u  ^  a      Vr  h  tectural  Cod- 

servatories,  &c.,  of  various  Designs  aud  Sizes,  recently  constructed,  erected,  fitted,  and  heated  complete  by  us  in  different  parts 
of  the  country  ;  with  particulars  jf  the  most  successful  Hot-water  Heating  Apparatus  of  the  century,  Post-free  on  application. 


THE  COTTAGER'S   CALENDAR  OF  GARDEN  OPERATIONS. 

Price  3d.,  Post-free  3jd. ; 
Twenty-five  Copies,  5  5 ;   fifty,  10s.  ;  and  one  hundred,  SOs. 

Parcels   of   not   less   than   twenty-live   delivered,   Carriage   Free,   in   London   only. 
Not  less  than  one  hundred  Carriage  Paid  to  any  part  of  Great  Britain. 

W.     BICBAB.DS,    41,    WELLINGTON     STREBT,     STRAND,    LONDON,    W.C. 


OcTOBEB  8,  1887.] 


THE     GARDENERS'     CHRONICLE. 


425 


THURSDAY  NEXT— Sale  No.  7505. 


EXTENSIVE     IMPORTATIONS    OF    ORCHIDS. 


ME.  J.  C.  STEVENS  will  SELL  by  AUCTION,  at  his  Great  Eooms, 
.38,  King  Street,  Covent  Garden,  W.C,  on  THURSDAY  NEXT,  October  13,  at  half-past 
12  o'clock  precisely,  by  order  of  Mr.  G.  T.  White,  extensive  importation  of  ORCHI